identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F449F723D52BB265841841C4ECE0FD3C.text	F449F723D52BB265841841C4ECE0FD3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria Burmeister 1842	<div><p>Euphoria Burmeister, 1842</p> <p>Euphoria Burmeister 1842: 370.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia sepulcralis F., designated by Casey (1915).</p> <p>Erirhipi s Burmeister 1842: 385. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia fulgida F., designated by Casey (1915).</p> <p>Stephanucha Burmeister 1842: 385. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia areata F., by monotypy.</p> <p>Goraqua Péringuey 1907: 358. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Goraqua smithsana Péringuey, by monotypy.</p> <p>Anatropis Casey 1915: 298. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Euphoria verticalis Horn, by monotypy.</p> <p>Euphoriaspis Casey 1915: 298. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Euphoria hirtipes Horn, by monotypy.</p> <p>Euphoriopsis Casey 1915: 298.</p> <p>Type species: Euphoria hera Burmeister, by monotypy.</p> <p>Erirhipidia Casey 1915: 308. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Scarabaeus indus L., by original designation.</p> <p>Haplophoria Casey 1915: 310. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Euphoria kernii Haldeman, by original designation.</p> <p>Euphorhipis Casey 1915: 314. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia subtomentosa Gory and Percheron, by original designation.</p> <p>Rhipiphoria Casey 1915: 316. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia geminata Chevrolat, by original designation.</p> <p>Isorhipina Casey 1915: 326. Synonym.</p> <p>Type species: Cetonia biguttata Gory and Percheron, by original designation.</p> <p>Description. Length 7.6–21.5 mm; width 4.5–12.2 mm. Color: Dorsal surface highly variable, shiny or dull, frequently tomentous. Pronotum unicolored to medially or laterally vittate; vittae black, dark green, or dark brown; sides occasionally with cretaceous band. Elytra frequently with pattern of color or cretaceous markings. Pygidium frequently with cretaceous markings or entirely cretaceous. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Surface unarmed. Frons medially depressed or flat, occasionally with weak, median, longitudinal ridge, rarely with central protuberance, moderately to densely punctate, rugopunctate, or rugose; punctures round, deep to moderately impressed, small to moderate in size, occasionally confluent, glabrous to densely setose. Clypeus subquadrate, subrectangular, or acuminate, sides subparallel to strongly anteriorly convergent, flat to strongly raised, lateral declivity weakly to strongly expanded; apex vaguely to strongly reflexed, occasionally with 2–4 small denticles, truncate to moderately sinuate in dorsal view; surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures round, deep to moderately impressed, small to moderate in size, occasionally confluent, glabrous to densely setose. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, antennal club frequently sexually dimorphic in length (as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females). Pronotum: Surface sparsely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, minute to moderate, frequently denser and larger toward sides, sparsely to densely setose. Widest at base, sides strongly angulate to evenly rounded, subparallel to strongly convergent anteriorly. Base in front of scutellum evenly rounded to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, sides straight, impunctate to densely punctate; punctures minute to moderate, glabrous to densely setose. Elytra: Sides subparallel, apex truncate. Surface sparsely to densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, 2 discal costae weakly to strongly raised. Subhumeral emargination moderately to strongly developed. Pygidium: Surface concentrically to subconcentrically striate, occasionally polished at middle, sparsely to densely setose. Legs: Surface moderately densely to densely setose, setae moderate to long. Protibiae tridentate, teeth equidistant or apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth; teeth oblique or transverse to tibia, basal tooth frequently obsolete to subobsolete. Meso- and metatibiae with variably developed carinae. Mesotarsal length frequently sexually dimorphic (as long as or longer than mesotibia in males, shorter in females). Metafemora with long suture on internal angle. Metatibiae apically expanded at times, with 2 apical spurs; coxae flattened in posterolateral area. Venter: Prosternal process laterally compressed, short. Mesometasternal process weakly to strongly compressed laterally, variably extended anteriorly, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose. Metasternum flattened at middle, rugose, moderately densely to densely setose laterally, weakly to moderately densely punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus variably impressed. Sides of abdominal sternites rounded to ridged. Male genitalia: Aedeagus without spines or hooks, parameres fused at times. Some diagnostic for species.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria is separated from the other American Cetoniini, Chlorixanthe, by the short prosternal process, elevated elytral costae, rounded scutellar apex, and body not strongly deplanate. Separating Euphoria from some Old World genera is difficult using a single character but can be done by the following combination of characters in Euphoria: unarmed head; presence of 2 discal costae on elytra; straight sides of scutellum; flattened metasternum; long posterior striae on metafemora; metacoxae flattened in posterolateral area; pygidium concentrically to subconcentrically striate; and parameres without hooks or spines.</p> <p>Composition. Euphoria is comprised of 59 species, ten of which are described here as new. More than half of the 134 names in the group are synonyms (Appendix 1). Based on morphological characters of adults, all Euphoria species can, for the most part, be assigned to one of 14 species-groups (Table 5).</p> <p>Species-Groups. The amount of interspecific variation in the clypeal apex, clypeal sides, shape and length of mesometasternal process, legs, genitalia, body shape, and body vestiture seen in Euphoria is only found in other groups or other geographic regions when several genera are studied. Therefore, a further breakdown of this genus appears inevitable. Based on my morphological analysis, I have enough information to propose a new classification that would result in the creation of several genera. However, given the difficulties in ascertaining a classification based on phylogenetically meaningful characters (Orozco and Philips 2010), I am reluctant to propose new genera. Therefore, I resort to species-groups instead. Additional evidence on the phylogenetic relationships of these groups might provide the support necessary to consider them genera.</p> <p>The division of this heterogeneous genus into informal species-groups is based on the character examination of almost 20,000 specimens including most of the types. The diagnoses of the speciesgroups are products of the aforementioned character analysis and are based on hypothesized synapomorphies. All groups are supported by a guild of characters rather than unique characters. Characters from the head (i. e., shape of the clypeus and presence or absence of sexual dimorphism in the antennal lamellae) frequently used to support genera in scarab beetles are here used to support some of the species-groups. Other characters used to support genera in different groups of scarabs are also used here to support species-groups: pronotal shape, shape of the mesometasternal process, tarsal length, and general shape of the parameres (Table 6 and each species-group diagnosis). The groups I consider basal, based on the characters they exhibit, are presented first. Table 5 shows the species composition of each group.</p> <p>Natural History. Life history for most of the species is unknown. What information is known is listed under each species treatment. Unless indicated by a reference citation, the information presented was recorded from label data.</p> <p>In general, the life cycle is estimated to be one year, but it is known for only a few species. In temperate climates, the overwintering stage is the adult (Blatchley 1910; Hayes 1925; Ritcher 1945; Ritcher 1966; Lago et al. 1979; Ratcliffe 1991; Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). The larvae are known to occur in highly organic soil, sandy soil, ant mounds, ant debris piles, rodent nests, and under dry dung. Most larvae feed directly on the substrate where they live, but some have been recorded feeding on the roots of grasses (e. g., Euphoria sepulcralis (F.); Buss 2004). The third instar is known for ten species: Euphoria abreona Janson (described as Euphoria precaria Janson) (Orozco and Pardo-Locarno 2004), Euphoria areata (F.) (described as Stephanucha thoracica Casey) (Skelley 1991), Euphoria basalis (Gory and Percheron) (Ramírez-Salinas et al. 2001), Euphoria devulsa Horn (Micó et al. 2000), Euphoria fulgida (F.) (Hayes 1925, 1929; Ritcher 1945, 1966), Euphoria herbacea (Olivier) (Hayes 1925, 1929; Ritcher 1945, 1966), Euphoria hirtipes Horn (described as Euphoriaspis hirtipes (Horn)) (Ratcliffe 1976), Euphoria inda (L.) (Hayes 1925, 1929; Ritcher 1945, 1966), Euphoria lurida (F.) (Micó et al. 2000), and E. sepulcralis (Hayes 1925, 1929; Ritcher 1945, 1966). The pupae have only been described for E. abreona (Orozco and Pardo-Locarno 2004) and E. hirtipes (Ratcliffe 1976).</p> <p>Adults have coriaceous mandibles and are known to feed on liquids from plant exudates, soft parts from plants, fruits, and dung. Pollen-feeding is suspected, but there is still no direct evidence of it. Some species have been reported to cause damage to flowers and crops (Halbert 1996; Cunha et al. 2007), but this is mostly due to mechanical damage caused by the grasping legs of numerous individuals when feeding en masse.</p> <p>Some species are frequently found associated as adults and larvae with mounds or debris piles of ants of the genera Acromyrmex Mayr, Atta F., Formica L., and Pogonomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): E. areata, Euphoria biguttata (Gory and Percheron), Euphoria canescens (Gory and Percheron), Euphoria dimidiata (Gory and Percheron), Euphoria discicollis (Thomson), E. hirtipes, E. inda, Euphoria leucographa (Gory and Percheron), Euphoria levinotata Orozco new species, Euphoria pilipennis (Kraatz), Euphoria pulchella (Gory and Percheron), and Euphoria subtomentosa (Gory and Percheron) (Wheeler 1910; Hinton and Ancona 1935; Windsor 1964; Ratcliffe 1976; Deloya 1988; Rojas 1989; Deloya and Morón 1994; Deloya et al. 1995; Navarrete-Heredia 2001; Paulsen 2002). Adults of some species are also frequently found associated with nests of rodents of the genera Cynomys Rafinesque, Geomys Rafinesque, and Neotoma Say and Ord (Rodentia: Sciuridae, Geomyidae, and Cricetidae, respectively): E. areata, E. devulsa, E. discicollis, Euphoria fascifera (LeConte), E. histrionica Thomson, E. levinotata, and Euphoria verticalis Horn. These associations appear to be opportunistic, since the species are also known to occur in other habitats.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Euphoria species are distributed from southern Canada to northern Argentina. At both extremes the diversity is low, having only two and one species, respectively (Appendix 2). Species are known from every continental country in the Americas except Chile and Suriname. The only species known from the Antilles (E. sepulcralis from Eleuthera and New Providence Island in the Bahamas) was probably recently introduced to the islands by shipments of fruits or flowers as it has been the case with other cetoniines (i. e., Protaetia fusca (Herbst)). The highest species diversity is found between the southern United States and Guatemala, decreasing south of the Nicaraguan depression and north of the states of Arizona and Texas in the United States. This distribution resembles the Paleo- American pattern described by Halffter (1987). The Paleo-American pattern includes organisms that had an early immigration to the continent from lineages that originated in the Old World (Halffter 1987). As implied by this pattern, species of Cetoniini could have diversified and flourished in the Mexican mountain ranges north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and slowly extended their ranges and speciated both to the north and south.</p> <p>Phylogenetic Relationships. Previous phylogenetic analyses of the tribe (Orozco and Philips 2010) have illustrated the difficulties in studying this genus morphologically. Molecular characters are being used in the phylogeny of the Cetoniinae (JO, unpublished data; D. Hawks and M. Paulsen, personal communication). Preliminary results from these analyses support the monophyly of Euphoria when the species formerly considered in Stephanucha are included, but the analyses are far from definitive in the study of the relationships among the species. Larval characters have not been exhaustively explored, but appear to be only of diagnostic use. The larvae of only 10 of 59 of the species are known to date.</p> <p>Chlorixanthe was hypothesized to be the sistergroup of Euphoria by Orozco and Philips (2010). The flattened body, the unusually long and rhomboidal mesometasternal process, and the unusually compressed tarsi set Chlorixanthe species apart from all other Cetoniini. Two species, C. flavoviridis and C. propinqua, are currently known in the genus.</p> <p>Previous Groupings. Burmeister (1842) and Casey (1915) provided the only two classifications supported by morphologic characters. The speciesgroups of Bates (1889) and Hardy (2001) are taxonomically untestable because the basis for them is unknown.</p> <p>Regarding the American Cetoniini, Burmeister’ s (1842) classification is plagued with imprecisions. Due to the fact that he had access to few (in some cases, apparently just one) specimens per species and at times only one sex, his classification and character discussion are of limited use. For example, at the generic level, he separated Euphoria from Erirhipis and Stephanucha by it having the antennal club equally long in both sexes and the clypeus anteriorly reduced. Nevertheless, of 12 species he included in Euphoria, only four actually have this character: E. lurida, E. basalis, E. canescens, and E. biguttata.</p> <p>Casey (1915), while successful in showing the diversity in the group, failed in providing a predictable classification. Most, if not all, of Casey’ s genera or subgenera are so generally defined and filled with exceptions that almost any given species could be included in any of them without much trouble. His classification is also, like that of Burmeister (1842), plagued with imprecisions (for examples, see taxonomic history of Euphoria hera Burmeister and E. hirtipes). At the species level, Casey was able to observe numerous minor differences in the characters. Unfortunately, for a group with such cornucopian intraspecific variation, this was not a good attribute. All of the 17 species and eight subspecies described by Casey (1915) are synonyms. Figure 1 shows the total number of species described by year when synonyms are included and excluded.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES- GROUPS OF EUPHORIA</p> <p>1. Clypeal apex strongly to moderately sinuate in dorsal view (e. g., Figs. 41b, 48b). Base of pronotum in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate (e. g., Figs. 44a, 47a)................. geminata species-group (p. 72)</p> <p>1′. Clypeal apex truncate or weakly sinuate in dorsal view. Base of pronotum variable................................................................2</p> <p>2(1′). Pronotal base evenly rounded in front of scutellum (e. g., Figs. 58a, 60a). Mesometasternal process strongly compressed and setose. Clypeus frequently quadridentate or bidentate (e. g., Figs. 56b, 59b)..............................................................3</p> <p>2′. Pronotal base sinuate to variably emarginate in front of scutellum. Mesometasternal process variable. Clypeus without denticles..................................................................... 5</p> <p>3(2). Clypeal apex without denticles (Fig. 58b)........... discicollis species-group (p. 102)</p> <p>3′. Clypeal apex with 2–4 denticles...........4</p> <p>4(3′). Apex of clypeus with 2 denticles (Figs. 59b, 60b)........ verticalis species-group (p. 103)</p> <p>4′. Apex of clypeus with 4 denticles (Figs. 55b, 56b, 57b)...... areata species-group (p. 98)</p> <p>5(2′). Apex of clypeus strongly emarginate (Fig. 25b)...... hera species-group (p. 57)</p> <p>5′. Apex of clypeus not strongly emarginate..............................................................6</p> <p>6(5′). Clypeus quadrate to trapezoidal with apex and sides not raised (slightly raised at most) (e. g., Figs. 5b, 9b). Frons flattened and strigose. Dorsum variably covered by cretaceous markings................................................. histrionica species-group (p. 21)</p> <p>6′. Clypeus variable in form, never quadrate or trapezoidal; apex and sides variable. Frons never flattened and strigose. Dorsum with or without cretaceous markings............................................7</p> <p>7(6′). Elytral striae densely setose, composed almost exclusively of long grooves (e. g., Figs. 49a, 52a). Clypeal apex and sides not raised. Pygidium surface strongly concentric...... pulchella species-group (p. 85)</p> <p>7′. Elytral striae never densely setose nor composed almost exclusively of long grooves. Clypeal apex variable. Pygidium variable...................................................8</p> <p>8(7′). Pronotum densely setose, with regular, glabrous patches on surface (Figs. 53a, 54a). Parameres as in Figs. 53c and 54c............................. inda species-group (p. 92)</p> <p>8′. Pronotum variably setose, if densely setose then never with regular glabrous patches on surface. Parameres not as in Figs. 53c and 54c................................... 9</p> <p>9(8′). Clypeus moderately to strongly attenuate, sides and apex not raised (e. g., Figs. 2b, 3b). Humeral area frequently with red markings (e. g., Figs. 3a, 4a). Cretaceous markings on elytra small to large when present.... biguttata species-group (p. 16)</p> <p>9′. Clypeus never attenuate, sides frequently raised. Humeral area without red markings. Cretaceous markings on elytra small when present.........................................10</p> <p>10(9′). Pronotum with vittae (except Euphoria submaculosa (Gory and Percheron)) (e. g., Figs. 30a, 32a). Dorsum generally yellowish brown with black or brown markings, rarely green with yellowish markings. Without cretaceous spots on dorsum................................ avita species-group (p. 58)</p> <p>10′. Pronotum without vittae. Dorsum never yellowish brown, or with brown or black markings. Frequently with cretaceous spots on dorsum................................................ 11</p> <p>11(10′). Clypeal apex strongly reflexed in both sexes, sinuate in frontal view (e. g., Figs. 22b, 24b). Female metatarsi strongly compressed. Male parameres widely expanded apically as in Figs. 22c, 23c, 24c........ candezei species-group (p. 52)</p> <p>11′. Clypeal apex reflexed only in males. Female metatarsi not strongly compressed. Male parameres not widely expanded apically............................................... 12</p> <p>12(11′). Dorsum tomentous (e. g., Figs. 18a, 20a)............ herbacea species-group (p. 47)</p> <p>12′. Dorsum shiny (e. g., Figs. 11a, 16a)....13</p> <p>13(12′). Black, brown, or cupreous species (e. g., Figs. 13a, 14a). Elytra with abundant, vermiform or reniform, cretaceous markings. Pronotum frequently with cretaceous line on lateral margin....................................... sepulcralis species-group (p. 28)</p> <p>13′. Greenish or violaceous species (e. g., Figs.16a, 17a). Cretaceous markings on elytra irregular, sparse, minute at times. Pronotum without cretaceous line on pronotal sides...................... fulgida species-group (p. 41)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LOS GRUPOS DE ESPECIES DE EUPHORIA</p> <p>1. Ápice clipeal moderada o fuertemente sinuado en vista dorsal (e. g., Figs. 41b, 48b). Base del pronoto en frente del escutelo débil a moderadamente emarginada (e. g., Figs. 44a, 47a).... grupo geminata (p. 72)</p> <p>1′. Ápice clipeal truncado o ligeramente sinuado en vista dorsal. Base del pronoto variable...................................................2</p> <p>2(1′). Base del pronoto redondeada en frente del escutelo (e. g., Figs. 58a, 60a). Proceso mesometasternal fuertemente comprimido y setoso. Clípeo frecuentemente cuadridentado o bidentado (e. g., Figs. 56b, 59b).................................................................. 3</p> <p>2′. Base del pronoto en frente del escutelo variablemente emarginada. Proceso mesometasternal variable. Clípeo sin dentículos........................................... 5</p> <p>3(2). Ápice clipeal sin dentículos (Fig. 58b)............................ grupo discicollis (p. 102)</p> <p>3′. Ápice clipeal con 2–4 dentículos..........4</p> <p>4(3′). Ápice clipeal con 2 dentículos (Figs. 59b, 60b).................. grupo verticalis (p. 103)</p> <p>4′. Ápice clipeal con 4 dentículos (Figs. 55b, 56b, 57b)............... grupo areata (p. 98)</p> <p>5(2′). Ápice clipeal fuertemente emarginado (Fig. 25b).................. grupo hera (p. 57)</p> <p>5′. Ápice clipeal no fuertemente emarginado..............................................................6</p> <p>6(5′). Clípeo cuadrado o trapezoidal, ápice y lados no fuertemente elevados (ligeramente elevados cuando mucho) (e. g., Figs. 5b, 9b). Frente aplanada y estrigosa. Dorso variablemente cubierto por máculas cretáceas....... grupo histrionica (p. 21)</p> <p>6′. Clípeo variable en forma, nunca cuadrado o trapezoidal, ápice y lados variables. Frente nunca aplanada y estrigosa. Dorso con o sin máculas cretáceas...................7</p> <p>7(6′). Estrías elitrales densamente setosas, compuestas en su mayoría por surcos largos (e. g., Figs. 49a, 52a). Ápice y lados del clípeo nunca elevados. Superficie pigidial fuertemente concéntrica..................................... grupo pulchella (p. 85)</p> <p>7′. Estrías elitrales nunca densamente setosas o compuestas en su mayoría por surcos largos. Ápice clipeal variable. Pigídio variable..................................................... 8</p> <p>8(7′). Pronoto densamente setoso, con parches glabros e irregulares en su superficie (Figs. 53a, 54a). Parámeros como en las Figs. 53c y 54c.......... grupo inda (p. 92)</p> <p>8′. Pronoto variablemente setoso, nunca con parches glabros e irregulares en su superficie. Parámeros no como en las Figs. 53c y 54c................................... 9</p> <p>9(8′). Clípeo moderada a fuertemente atenuado, ápice y lados no elevados (e. g., Figs. 2b, 3b). Área humeral frecuentemente con máculas rojas (e. g., Figs. 3a, 4a). Máculas cretáceas elitrales pequeñas o grandes si presentes............ grupo biguttata (p. 16)</p> <p>9′. Clípeo nunca atenuado, lados frecuentemente elevados. Área humeral sin máculas rojas. Máculas cretáceas elitrales pequeñas si presentes................................................. 10</p> <p>10(9′). Pronoto con vittae (excepto Euphoria submaculosa (Gory y Percheron)) (e. g., Figs. 30a, 32a). Dorso generalmente caféamarillento con máculas negras o cafés, raramente verde con máculas amarillentas. Dorso sin máculas cretáceas........................................................... grupo avita (p. 58)</p> <p>10′. Pronoto sin vittae. Dorso nunca caféamarillento o con máculas negras o cafés. Dorso frecuentemente con máculas cretáceas.................................................. 11</p> <p>11(10′). Ápice clipeal fuertemente elevado en ambos sexos, sinuado en vista frontal (e. g., Figs. 22b, 24b). Metatarsos de las hembras fuertemente comprimidos. Parámeros ampliamente expandidos apicalmente como en las Figs. 22c, 23c, 24c........................ grupo candezei (p. 52)</p> <p>11′. Ápice clipeal elevado solo en machos. Metatarsos de las hembras no fuertemente comprimidos. Parámeros no fuertemente expandidos apicalmente.......................12</p> <p>12(11′). Dorso tomentoso (e. g., Figs. 18a, 20a).............................. grupo herbacea (p. 47)</p> <p>12′. Dorso brillante (e. g., Figs. 11a, 16a)...13</p> <p>13(12′). Especies negras, cafés o cobrizas (e. g., Figs. 13a, 14a). Élitros con abundantes máculas cretáceas vermiformes o reniformes. Pronoto frecuentemente con línea cretácea sobre el margen lateral......................................................... grupo sepulcralis (p. 28)</p> <p>13′. Especies verdosas o violáceas (e. g., Figs. 16a, 17a). Máculas cretáceas elitrales irregulares, escasas, en ocasiones diminutas. Pronoto sin línea cretácea sobre el margen lateral...... grupo fulgida (p. 41)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D52BB265841841C4ECE0FD3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D52DB27A87EA428AEAE7FD7A.text	F449F723D52DB27A87EA428AEAE7FD7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria biguttata (Gory and Percheron 1833) species-group	<div><p>Euphoria biguttata Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 1a–e)</p> <p>Species in the biguttata species-group are distinguished by having the clypeal apex and sides not raised, clypeal sides moderately to strongly convergent anteriorly, antennal club subequal in length in both sexes, scutellum impunctate, abdomen subequal in shape in both sexes, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Composition. Three species are included in this group: E. biguttata (Gory and Percheron), E. canescens (Gory and Percheron), and E. dimidiata (Gory and Percheron).</p> <p>Natural History. All species in the group are known to use Atta sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) debris piles in the larval stage.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE BIGUTTATA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Clypeus strongly attenuate (Fig. 3b)................... E. canescens (Gory and Percheron) (p. 19)</p> <p>1′. Clypeus weakly to moderately attenuate (Figs. 2b, 4b)................................................2</p> <p>2. Base of pronotum in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae. Cretaceous markings on elytra generally large (Fig. 2a, d)... E. biguttata (Gory and Percheron) (p. 17)</p> <p>2′. Base of pronotum in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or only slightly beyond. Cretaceous markings on elytra absent or small (Fig. 4a, d)..... E. dimidiata (Gory and Percheron) (p. 20)</p> <p>C LAVE PARA LAS E SPECIES DEL G RUPO BIGUTTATA</p> <p>1. Clípeo fuertemente atenuado (Fig. 3b)............. E. canescens (Gory y Percheron) (p. 19)</p> <p>1′. Clípeo ligera a moderadamente atenuado (Figs. 2b, 4b)..............................................2</p> <p>2. Base del pronoto en frente del escutelo fuertemente emarginada. Proceso mesometasternal extendiéndose anteriormente mucho más allá de las mesocoxas. Máculas cretáceas elitrales generalmente grandes (Fig. 2a, d)....................................................... E. biguttata (Gory y Percheron) (p. 17)</p> <p>2′. Base del pronoto en frente del escutelo ligera a moderadamente emarginada. Proceso mesometasternal extendiéndose anteriormente al mismo nivel de las mesocoxas o ligeramente más allá. Máculas cretáceas elitrales pequeñas o ausentes (Fig. 4a, d).......................................... E. dimidiata (Gory y Percheron) (p. 20)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D52DB27A87EA428AEAE7FD7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D532B27885B44355E915FEDB.text	F449F723D532B27885B44355E915FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria biguttata (Gory and Percheron 1833) species-group	<div><p>Euphoria biguttata (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 2)</p> <p>Cetonia biguttata Gory and Percheron 1833: 64, 274. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria lineoligera Blanchard 1850: 13. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at MNHN here designated. Two paralectotypes at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria xanthomelas Thomson 1878: 26. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria biguttata binoculata Casey 1915: 330. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype and two paralectotypes at USNM designated by Hardy (2001). Lectotype and one paralectotype examined.</p> <p>Euphoria biguttata biplagiata Casey 1915: 330. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype and one paralectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 463). Length 10.8–17.0 mm; width 7.2–10.9 mm. Color: Surface shiny, head black. Pronotum entirely black or with black longitudinal band at middle and red on each side. Elytra entirely black or with reddish and/or brownish areas on basal half. Elytra with yellowish, cretaceous, elongate markings extending transversely from lateral margin, 1 marking on posterior half frequently extending across entire elytral width, rest of markings short, only reaching ¼ of elytral width. Elytral apex covered by cretaceous layer, occasionally with uncovered round area at middle. Abdominal sternites with cretaceous bands on anterolateral margin. Pygidium variably covered by cretaceous layer. Head: Frons strongly strigose to densely punctate; punctures elongated, deep, frequently confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus elongated, strongly strigose to strigopunctate, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae yellowish, short to moderate; sides not raised, moderately convergent, apex vaguely to weakly reflexed, vaguely sinuate. Antennal club as long as stem, subequal in length in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, denser and confluent towards apex and sides, sides evenly rounded to weakly angulate, base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate; sparsely to moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate, yellowish. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, occasionally with medial longitudinal impression. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, medially transversally divided by cretaceous marking; anterior half without striae, punctures moderate in size, lunulate, distributed evenly in spaced rows, posterior half with striae bearing lunulate punctures, geminate punctures, and/or grooves. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae minute to short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth sharp, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metatibial carina weakly developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, weakly to moderately compressed laterally, apex rounded to slightly pointed, glabrous on mesosternal lobe. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to strongly impressed. Metafemora with weakly developed, transverse to oblique carina. Abdominal sternites densely setose laterally, sparsely setose medially; setae on sternites 3–5 distributed exclusively on anterolateral margin, setae on segments 6–7 distributed on entire lateral margin; setae as on legs. Abdomen in lateral view subequal in shape in both sexes. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 2c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria biguttata is separated from the other species in the group by the larger size, elongate clypeus with sides moderately convergent and truncate apex, pronotum frequently bicolored, base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum strongly emarginate, and the mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond the mesocoxae. Large specimens of E. histrionica can be confused with dark specimens of E. biguttata but can be easily separated based on the subquadrate clypeus of E. histrionica in contrast with the attenuate clypeus of E. biguttata.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described the species from a Mexican specimen with red markings on the dorsum. Blanchard (1850) and Thomson (1878) described Euphoria lineoligera and Euphoria xanthomelas, respectively, from specimens without red markings. Bates (1889) included E. xanthomelas as a synonym of E. lineoligera. Casey (1915) described two subspecies (E. biguttata binoculata and E. biguttata biplagiata) based on the shape of the cretaceous markings and the size of the adults, but these subspecies were later synonymized by Hardy (2001). The use of Euphoria lineoligera continued, in part, due to the fact that the name was mistakenly applied, on occasion, to large specimens of E. histrionica. This is understandable given that the identity of E. histrionica is just now being clarified. Based on the examination of the types and the character study, I here place E. lineoligera as a synonym of E. biguttata.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on flowers of Helianthu s sp. and Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) (Asteraceae). Morón et al. (1997) recorded adults feeding on flowers of Mimosa sp. and Calliandra sp. (both Fabaceae). Adults are also known to be visitors of several Asteraceae (Deloya et al. 1993) and to copulate in their flowers (Deloya 1988). The species is known from 360–1720 m elevation.</p> <p>Deloya (1988) observed the larvae developing in debris piles of Atta mexicana (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The life cycle was estimated to be one year.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (8), July (10), August (4), September (51), October (223), November (20), December (1) (Fig. 2e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Texas, USA through Honduras (Fig. 2f). The only known specimen from the United States is a black form collected in Hidalgo County, Texas (Riley and Wolfe 2003).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (463). Type material: Euphoria biguttata (Gory and Percheron, 1833); holotype female at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// biguttata/ G. et P.B./ Mexico // Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Euphoria lineoligera Blanchard, 1850; lectotype at MNHN here designated labeled “[green disc] 4// Euphoria / lineoligera/ Blanch // Museum Paris/ Mexique / Giesbreght 1844// TYPE// C. lineoligera / Blanch/ Mexique / M. Giesbreght ” and my lectotype label; two paralectotypes at MNHN labeled “[green disk] 2/ Museum Paris// TYPE” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria xanthomelas Thomson, 1878; holotype at MNHN labeled “ Cetonia / xanthomelas. mih/ h. Mexico D. Sommer // Th. Type // Ex - Musaeo Dejean// Lineoligera Blanc’/ Xanthomelas/ (Dej). Thoms. type/ T. C. 26/ Mex// Ex – Musaeo/ James Thomson/ TYPE” and my holotype label. Euphoria biguttata binoculata Casey, 1915; lectotype at USNM labeled “Guer.// CASEY/bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48686// binoculata/ Csy// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / biguttata/ binoculata/ CASEY by/A. R. Hardy ’78”; paralectotype at USNM labeled “Mex// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// binoculata. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48686// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / biguttata/ binoculata Csy.” Euphoria biguttata biplagiata Casey 1915; lectotype at USNM labeled “g. r.// CASEY/bequest/ 1925// biplagiata. 2/ PARATYPE USNM// 48687// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / biguttata/ biplagiata/ CASEY = by/ A.R. hardy ’78”; paralectotype at USNM labeled “Joyabaj/ Quitche/ Guatemala// CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48687// biplagiata/ Csy// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / biguttata/ biplagiata/ CASEY”. Other material: EL SALVADOR (3): CUSCATLÁN: El Rosario (1); SAN SALVADOR: San Salvador (2). GUATEMALA (27): CHIMALTENANGO: Yepocapa (2); EL PROGRESO: No data (3), “Hwy CA-1. km 100-114” (2); ESCUINTLA: Nueva Concepción (1); GUATEMALA: Guatemala (4); ZACAPA: Sierra de las minas (2), Usumatlán (1), no data (6); NO DATA: “Guado Viejo” (1), “Guatemala” (5). HONDURAS (48): COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (25), Taulabé (1); FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Suyapa (1), Tegucigalpa (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (19); NO DATA: “ Honduras” (1). MEXICO (351): AGUASCALIENTES: Aguascalientes (1), Calvillo (2); CHIAPAS: Dos Lagos (1), La Trinitaria (1), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (13), Parque Nacional El Aguacero (1), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (7), Villa Morelos (3), no data (5); CHIHUAHUA: Moctezuma (1); COLIMA: Colima (2); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Tejupilco de Hidalgo (4); GUANAJUATO: Guanajuato (1); GUERRERO: Chichihualco (22 km E) (1), Chilpancingo (2), Iguala (2), Tasco (3), Tixtla (3); HIDALGO: Venados (2), Zimapán (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (17), Atotonilco (1), Autlán (3), Cajititlán (2), Chapala (4), Cuatla (2), Guadalajara (15), Magdalena (1), San Gabriel (11), San Juan Cosalá (1), Sayula (20), Tequila (2), Zapopan (4), Volcán Colima (35), no data (3); MICHOACÁN: Uruapán (1); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (17), Tlaltizapán (5), Xochitepec (7); NAYARIT: Compostela (2), Ixtlán del río (3), Jala (1), Las Varas (2), Peñitas (1), Tepic (1), Volcán del Céboruco (35); NUEVO LEÓN: Linares (1), Mamulique (1); OAXACA: Huajuapan de León (9), San Pedro Totolopan (1), Santiago Cacaloxtepec (2), Santiago Chazumba (21); PUEBLA: Huachinango (1), Izúcar de Matamoros (3); QUERÉTARO: Querétaro (1); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: El Naranjo (12 km NW) (2), Tamazunchale (1); SINALOA: Concordia (5), La Capilla del Texte (1), El Palmito (1); SONORA: Arispe (1), Oputo (3), no data (1); TAMAULIPAS: El Veintidos (2), Ocampo (2); VERACRUZ: Acultzingo (1), Fortín de las Flores (13), Xalapa (1); ZACATECAS: Tlaltenango (1); NO DATA: “Mexico” (23), “Mexico, from Durango to the Pacific” (1). NO DATA (3). SUSPECT RECORDS (22): “Venezuela” (22).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D532B27885B44355E915FEDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D530B27985B441E2E92BFD57.text	F449F723D530B27985B441E2E92BFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria canescens (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria canescens (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 3)</p> <p>Cetonia canescens Gory and Percheron 1833: 64, 277. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG, here designated. One paralectotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria solidula Casey 1915: 329. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 159). Length 8.7–11.7 mm; width 5.0–7.0 mm. Color: Surface shiny, head black. Pronotum black to brown, lateral margin with transverse, whitish or bluish, cretaceous markings. Elytra entirely reddish brown, or black with red markings on anterior half; with elongate, whitish, transverse, cretaceous bands extending from lateral margin; markings distributed beyond humeral emargination. Pygidium variably covered by cretaceous layer. Abdominal sternites with cretaceous band on anterolateral margin. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus elongated, sides strongly convergent, apex pointed, not raised, surface strongly strigose, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in length in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate in size, denser and confluent towards anterior margin and sides, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish to whitish. Sides evenly rounded. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 rows of small to moderate-sized, lunulate punctures; first striae frequently with grooves and geminate punctures; costae weakly to well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to long, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Legs: Protibial teeth equidistant, frequently worn down, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete in both sexes. Metatibial carina weakly developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Metatibiae with weakly developed carina. Abdominal sternites densely setose laterally, sparsely setose medially, setae on sternites 3–5 exclusively on anterolateral margin, setae on segments 6–7 on lateral margin; setae as on legs. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 3c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria canescens is easily separated from other species in the group based on the elongate, pointed clypeus.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described the species from a Mexican specimen. Casey (1915) described E. solidula based on a large male specimen from Guatemala with a slightly different pattern of cretaceous markings. Hardy (2001) synonymized E. solidula with E. canescens.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on flowers of Zaluzania pringlei Grenm. (Asteraceae). Deloya (1988) recorded the species on flowers of Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae) and Bursera sp. (Burseraceae).</p> <p>The larvae and the adults are commonly found in debris piles of A. mexicana. Dugès (1887) recorded the larva from debris piles of Atta cephalotes L. in Guanajuato, Mexico, but according to Navarrete-Heredia (2001), this is incorrect since this ant species does not occur in that state. Dugès (1887) described the larva, but his description is too general for taxonomic and identification purposes.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (1), June (8), July (7), August (2), September (11), October (72), November (19), December (4) (Fig. 3e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Found from Arizona, USA through Honduras (Fig. 3f). Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from Aguascalientes, Mexico.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (159). Type material: Euphoria canescens (Gory and Percheron, 1833); lectotype male at MHNG here designated labeled “Coll. Melly // canescens/ G. et P. B./ Mexico ” and my lectotype label; paralectotype female at MNHG labeled “Coll. Melly ” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria solidula Casey, 1915; holotype at USNM labeled “ Nebaj / Quiché / Guatemala // CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48688// solidula/ Csy”. Other material: BELIZE (1): NO DATA (1). EL SALVADOR (2): AHUACHAPÁN: San Francisco Menéndez (1); NO DATA: “C. America El Salvador” (1). GUATEMALA (7): NO DATA: “Guatemala” (7). HONDURAS (21): COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (8), Siguatepeque (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (9); YORO: Yoro (3). MEXICO (114): DURANGO: Durango (1); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Tejupilco (6), Temascaltepec (1); GUANAJUATO: Guanajuato (1), León (1), Mendoza (1); GUERRERO: Chichihualco (1), Tasco (2), Tixtla (1); HIDALGO: El Venado (2), Zimapán (3); JALISCO: Ajijíc (2), Chapala (1), Guadalajara (1); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (3), Tepoztlán (1), Tijalpa (2), Yautepec (1); NAYARIT: Compostela (5), Jala (1), Volcán Céboruco (1); NUEVO LEÓN: Monterrey (1); OAXACA: Huajuapan (15), Huapanapan (1), Mitla (1), San Juan Juquila Mixes (1), Santiago Cacoloxtepec (1), Santiago Chazumba (11), Tamazulapán (1); PUEBLA: Acatepec (1), Calipán (1), Petlalcingo (7), Tehuacán (2), Tlaltenango (2), Zapotitlán (4); SINALOA: Mazatlán (2); SONORA: Alamos (18), Arizpe (1); VERACRUZ: Huatusco (2), Veracruz (1); NO DATA: “Mexico” (3). USA (2): ARIZONA. Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (2). NO DATA (5): “Almo” (1), “Mat” (1), “Museum” (1), “Tep.” (1), no data: (1). SUSPECT RECORDS (4): “Venezuela” (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D530B27985B441E2E92BFD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D531B27E85F6429FEC16FE2C.text	F449F723D531B27E85F6429FEC16FE2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria dimidiata (Gory and Percheron 1833) Gory and Percheron	<div><p>Euphoria dimidiata (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 4)</p> <p>Cetonia dimidiata Gory and Percheron: 1833: 275. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG here designated. One paralectotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria leucopyge Bates 1889: 366. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), not examined. One paralectotype at BMNH, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 338). Length 8.8–12.7 mm; width 5.3–7.5 mm. Color: Surface shiny, head and pronotum black. Elytra light to dark red or orange on basal half, area to the sides of scutellum frequently black, posterior half and apex occasionally with cretaceous markings; markings white, short, transverse, with greenish or bluish reflections, extending from lateral margin. Pygidium variably covered by cretaceous layer. Head: Frons strongly strigose to strigopunctate, sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus subrectangular, sides not raised, weakly to moderately convergent anteriorly, apex not raised, weakly sinuate; surface strigopunctate to densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round, coalescent, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club as long as stem in males, slightly shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small, denser and confluent towards apex and sides, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Sides weakly angulate to evenly rounded, base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate; striae bearing 3 rows of lunulate punctures, first striae frequently with grooves and geminate punctures, costae weakly to well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to long, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth equidistant, occasionally entirely worn down; apical tooth occasionally enlarged. Metatibial carina weakly developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex rounded to slightly flat. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous an impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vague to weakly evident. Metafemora with weakly developed carina. Abdominal sternites densely setose laterally, sparsely setose medially, setae on sternites 3–5 exclusively on anterolateral margin, setae on segments 6–7 on lateral margin; setae as on legs. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 4c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria dimidiata is separated from the other species in the group by the truncate apex of the clypeus, base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate, and the mesometasternal process extending anteriorly to the same level as the mesocoxae or only slightly beyond. The bluish cretaceous markings present on the elytra of some specimens are also unique in the genus.</p> <p>Notes. Specimens with tomentous markings (previously considered to be E. leucopyge), are more common in the northern part of its range but are also found elsewhere.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described E. dimidiata from a Mexican specimen. Bates (1889) described E. leucopyge based on specimens, some sympatric with E. dimidiata, that had the pygidium covered by a white, cretaceous layer. Based on the examination of the types and the study of 335 specimens, I hypothesize that E. leucopyge is conspecific with E. dimidiata and therefore place it in synonymy.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults are known to visit flowers of Asteraceae (Deloya 1988). Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species feeding on flowers of Mimosa sp. and Spondias sp. (Anacardiaceae) in a variety of habitats between 200–1,600 m elevation. Larvae and adults are frequently found associated with debris piles of A. mexicana.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (2), May (2), June (4), July (6), August (3), September (31),</p> <p>October (103), November (26), December (8) (Fig. 4e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from northern Mexico south through Honduras (Fig. 4f). Morón et al. (1997) is the only record known from Chihuahua, Mexico (recorded as E. leucopyge). Three specimens with label data for Austin, TX, USA are considered suspect as the species probably does not occur in that area. The northernmost distribution for the species is northeastern Mexico (Linares, Nuevo León, which is 627 km south of Austin).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (338). Type material: Euphoria dimidiata (Gory and Percheron, 1833); lectotype male at MHNG here designated labeled “Gory/ TYPE// dimidiata/ G. et P. B./ Mexico // Coll. Melly ” and my lectotype label; paralectotype male at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// Coll. Melly ” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria leucopyge Bates 1889; paralectotype female at BMNH labeled “PARA/ LECTO-/TYPE/ SYN-/ TYPE// I Álamos/ Mexico/ Buchan – Hepburn.// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria / leucopyge, Bates // PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / leucopyge Bts ”. Other material: EL SALVADOR (7): AHUACHAPÁN: San Francisco Menéndez (2); CUSCATLÁN: Rosario (1); LA LIBERTAD: Santa Tecla (2); SAN MIGUEL: La Ceiba (1); SAN SALVADOR: San Salvador (1). GUATEMALA (2): CHIMALTENANGO: Quisaché (1); SAN MARCOS: Palin (1). HONDURAS (108): COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (66), Siguatepeque (5); CORTÉS: Santa Cruz de Yojoa (2); FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Cedros (7), El Zamorano (1), Suyapa (1), Talanga (25 km SW) (2), Tegucigalpa (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (20); YORO: Yoro (3). MEXICO (194): BAJA CALIFORNIA: Ensenada (1); CHIAPAS: Rizo de Oro (1), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (2), Villa Morelos (3); COLIMA: Manzanillo (1); DURANGO: Durango (1); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Tejupilco (1), Temascaltepec (2); GUANAJUATO: San Luis de la Paz (1); GUERRERO: Acahuizotla (3), Chichihualco (2), Chilpancingo (1), El Bejuco (3), Iguala (2), Ixcateopán (10 km S) (1), Tixtla (2); HIDALGO: Actopán (4), Zimapán (1), El Venado (2); JALISCO: Ajijíc (2), Autlán (20 km N) (1), Chamela (3), Guadalajara (22), La Floresta (1), San Gabriel (1), San Patricio (1), Volcán Colima (37), no data (1); MICHOACÁN: Cotija (9), Morelia (1), Uruapán (1); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (15), Tepoztlán (1); NAYARIT: Compostela (4); NUEVO LEÓN: Linares (1); OAXACA: Huajuapan de León (4); PUEBLA: Atlixco (1), Huajuapan (3), Izúcar de Matamoros (3), Santiago Chazumba (6), Tehuacán (2), Tlacotepec (2), no data (1); QUERÉTARO: Cadereyta (1); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: San Luis Potosí (2); SINALOA: La Capilla del Taxte (14 km NW) (1), no data (1); SONORA: Alamos (2), Arizpe (1), Estrella (2), Guaymas (2), Cerro Poza (5); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (1), Fortín de las Flores (1), Orizaba (3), Palma Sola (1), Veracruz (1), Xalapa (1); ZACATECAS: Tlaltenango (1); NO DATA: “Mexico” (7), “Mat.” (1), “from Durango to the Pacific” (3). SUSPECT RECORDS (24): “Austin, Texas” (3), “Venezuela” (21).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D531B27E85F6429FEC16FE2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D536B27F87E641B8ECE0FEF9.text	F449F723D536B27F87E641B8ECE0FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria histrionica Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria histrionica Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 1f–j)</p> <p>Species in the histrionica species-group have a flattened and strigose frons, subquadrate to subtrapezoidal clypeus with apex and sides not raised, antennal club shorter than stem and subequal in length in both sexes, pronotal sides generally evenly rounded, protibiae not sexually dimorphic, striae mostly composed of lunulate punctures, venter without cretaceous markings, abdomen in males without longitudinal depression, and “typical” simple male genitalia.</p> <p>With few exceptions, species in this group are difficult to separate based on adult morphology alone. The most useful character for species separation is the body sculpturing and vestiture (punctures, setae, cretaceous markings). The geographic distribution also aids in confirming the identification. While the male genitalia are useful to assign species to the group, they are of little use for species recognition within the group. The shape of the clypeus is also of no use for species diagnosis except in the case of E. subtomentosa (subtrapezoidal in contrast to quadrate as in the rest of the species).</p> <p>Composition. Five species are included in this group: E. devulsa Horn, E. histrionica Thomson, E. levinotata Orozco new species, E. sonorae Bates, and E. subtomentosa (Gory and Percheron).</p> <p>Natural History. Adults of most species have been collected in the nests of Neotoma micropus Baird and Neotoma albigula Hartley (Rodentia: Cricetidae) or in the debris of ant nests.</p> <p>K EY TO THE SPECIES OF THE HISTRIONICA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Clypeus subtrapezoidal (Fig. 9b). Cretaceous markings on elytra oriented longitudinally on striae (Fig. 9a). Mesometasternal process densely setose......................... E. subtomentosa (Gory and Percheron) (p. 27)</p> <p>1′. Clypeus subquadrate. Elytra with or without cretaceous markings; markings never oriented longitudinally on striae. Mesometasternal process glabrous to setose..................................2</p> <p>2. Scutellum impunctate, at most with a few punctures at base. Mesometasternal process wide, not strongly compressed laterally.............................. E. histrionica Thomson (p. 23)</p> <p>2′. Scutellum punctate. Mesometasternal process small, strongly compressed laterally.............3</p> <p>3. Pygidium covered by cretaceous layer. Dorsal surface frequently densely setose (Fig. 8a, d, e). Cretaceous markings on elytra moderate to large, moderately dense......................................................................... E. sonorae Bates (p. 26)</p> <p>3′. Pygidium without cretaceous layer. Dorsal surface rarely densely setose. Cretaceous markings on elytra small, sparse............... 4</p> <p>4. Elytral striae bearing 3 evenly spaced rows of lunulate punctures (Fig. 5a). Pygidium at apex sexually dimorphic, rounded in males, acuminate in females....... E. devulsa Horn (p. 22)</p> <p>4′. Elytral striae bearing 3–4 irregular rows of grooves, double grooves, lunulate punctures, and geminate punctures (Fig. 7a). Pygidium at apex rounded in both sexes........................... E. levinotata Orozco, new species (p. 24)</p> <p>C LAVE PARA LAS E SPECIES DEL G RUPO HISTRIONICA</p> <p>1. Clípeo subtrapezoidal (Fig. 9b). Máculas cretáceas elitrales orientadas longitudinalmente sobre las estrías (Fig. 9a). Proceso mesometasternal densamente setoso..... E. subtomentosa (Gory y Percheron) (p. 27)</p> <p>1′. Clípeo subcuadrado. Élitros con o sin máculas cretáceas; máculas, cuando presentes, nunca orientadas longitudinalmente sobre las estrías. Proceso mesometasternal glabro o setoso...... 2</p> <p>2. Escutelo sin punteaduras, cuando mucho con unas pocas en la base. Proceso mesometasternal ancho, no fuertemente comprimido lateralmente......................... E. histrionica Thomson (p. 23)</p> <p>2′. Escutelo punteado. Proceso mesometasternal pequeño, fuertemente comprimido lateralmente........................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Pigídio cubierto por capa cretácea. Superficie dorsal frecuentemente densamente setosa (Fig. 8a, d, e). Máculas cretáceas elitrales grandes o medianas, moderadamente densas............................. E. sonorae Bates (p. 26)</p> <p>3′. Pigídio sin capa cretácea. Superficie dorsal raramente densamente setosa. Máculas cretáceas elitrales pequeñas, dispersas........................4</p> <p>4. Estrías elitrales compuestas por 3 filas regulares de punteaduras lunuladas (Fig. 5a). Ápice pigidial sexualmente dimórfico, redondeado en machos, puntiagudo en hembras............................................ E. devulsa Horn (p. 22)</p> <p>4′. Estrías elitrales compuestas por 3–4 filas irregulares de surcos, surcos dobles, punteaduras lunuladas y geminadas (Fig. 7a). Ápice pigidial redondeado en ambos sexos.................................. E. levinotata Orozco, especie nueva (p. 24)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D536B27F87E641B8ECE0FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D537B27C861341C4E931FB79.text	F449F723D537B27C861341C4E931FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria devulsa Horn 1880	<div><p>Euphoria devulsa Horn, 1880</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 5)</p> <p>Euphoria devulsa Horn 1880: 402.</p> <p>Original combination. Lectotype at MCZ designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 23). Length 9.3–10.7 mm; width 5.3–7.3 mm. Color: Body shiny black, elytra occasionally reddish brown, frequently with small, whitish, cretaceous markings. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Clypeus short, subquadrate, strongly strigopunctate, apex and sides not raised, apex vaguely sinuate in dorsal view. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in length in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate in size, denser towards sides, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish. Base in front of scutellum vaguely to weakly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctate; punctures lunulate, setose. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; striae bearing 3 evenly spaced rows of lunulate punctures, grooves occasionally present. Costae weakly to moderately raised. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate, striae discontinuous, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, females frequently with worn teeth. Mesotibial carina well developed, frequently with 2 sharp, short teeth. Metatibiae moderately expanded apically, metatibial spurs subequal in shape in males, internal spur frequently lanceolate in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex variably truncate, moderately densely setose. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Abdominal sternites laterally setose, abdomen of males flat, slightly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 5c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria devulsa is distinguished from other species in the group by the subquadrate clypeus, striae bearing three evenly spaced rows of lunulate punctures, and the apex of the pygidium sexually dimorphic (round in males, acuminate in females). This species is close to E. levinotata but can be separated based on the striae bearing 3–4 irregular rows of grooves, double grooves, lunulate punctures, and geminate punctures, and the pygidium at its apex being round in both sexes in E. levinotata.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Horn (1880) described E. devulsa based on 40 males and 48 females from “near San Antonio, Texas ”, USA. Casey (1915) included E. devulsa in the subgenus Isorhipina with certain doubts about this placement: “ devulsa Horn is probably not closely related to dimidiata and possibly may not belong to this group at all, but not having seen the species I am unable to do more than give the characters assigned by its author.” Hardy (2001) included the species in his “histrionica group” of Euphoria together with E. histrionica, E. subtomentosa, E. lineoligera, E. biguttata, E. canescens, and E. dimidiata.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected in flight intercept traps and in nests of N. micropus.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (1), April (1), May (5), June (1), July (2), August (1), September (3), December (2) (Fig. 5d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Texas and New Mexico in the United States (Fig. 5e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (23). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Euphoria devulsa Horn, 1880; lectotype at MCZ labeled “Tex// E./ devulsa/ Horn// MCZ TYPE/ 1902// TYPE No. 3709/ Euphoria / devulsa/ G. H. Horn// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / devulsa Horn / 1880/ By A. R. Hardy/ 1977”. Other material: USA (22): NEW MEXICO. Guadalupe Co.: Newkirk (1). TEXAS. Bexar Co.: San Antonio (2); Cameron Co.: Boca Chica (1), Brownsville (3); Dallas Co.: No data (1); Kenedy Co.: Laguna Madre (2); Kerr Co.: Kerrville (1); Menard Co.: Menard (1); Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi (9); Travis Co.: Austin (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D537B27C861341C4E931FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D534B27D85FC454DEA42FC23.text	F449F723D534B27D85FC454DEA42FC23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria histrionica Thomson 1878	<div><p>Euphoria histrionica Thomson, 1878</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 6)</p> <p>Euphoria histrionica Thomson 1878: 27. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 64). Length 10.5–13.5 mm; width 6.4–8.6 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny black, rarely reddish brown. Elytra with bright yellow, cretaceous markings dispersed on posterior half; cretaceous markings variable, frequently abruptly interrupted at middle of elytra, mostly limited to lateral margin of subhumeral area, occasionally reduced to a few dots or entirely absent. Cretaceous cover on pygidium variable, frequently covering the entire surface except for apex, absent at times. Abdominal sternites black to reddish brown. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose to densely punctate; punctures small to moderate in size, frequently confluent, densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Clypeus short, subquadrate, strongly strigose, sides and apex not raised, sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in length in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size, denser towards sides, moderately densely setose; setae moderate in size, whitish. Base in front of scutellum moderately emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, apex acute, mostly impunctate and glabrous, anterior corners with few lunulate punctures bearing moderate, whitish setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae consisting of 3 rows of lunulate, moderate in size punctures; costae weakly raised. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth sharp, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metatibial carina transverse or oblique. Mesotibial carina well developed into 2 short teeth. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, slightly extended beyond mesocoxae, apex evenly rounded; weakly setose on mesosternal area. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle; median sulcus vague. Metatibiae with moderately developed, transverse carina. Abdominal sternites densely setose laterally, sparsely setose medially; setae as on rest of body. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 6c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria histrionica is separated from the other species in the group by the subquadrate clypeus, bright yellow, cretaceous markings, impunctate scutellum, and striae consisting of three rows of lunulate punctures. Specimens devoid of cretaceous markings can potentially be confused with E. devulsa, but the apex of the pygidium is not sexually dimorphic in this species as it is in E. devulsa. Sakai and Nagai (1998) misidentified this species as E. retusa, a synonym of E. kernii (Appendix 5).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria histrionica has been confused in the literature with E. sonorae almost since it was described. Bates (1889) described E. sonorae from Sonora, Mexico, as a variety of the Mexican E. histrionica. Since then, E. histrionica has been used as the valid name for the species found in Arizona and northern Mexico, and the real E. histrionica has been left without an identity. Casey (1915) erroneously synonymized E. sonorae with E. histrionica.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on Helianthus sp., flowers of Viguiera dentata (Cav.) (Asteraceae), and by beating species of Fabaceae. Specimens have been collected up to 1,700 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (1), September (6), October (53), November (3) (Fig. 6d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colima, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz in Mexico (Fig. 6e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (64). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Euphoria histrionica Thomson, 1878; holotype male at MNHN labeled “Histrionica/ Thoms. Type/ T. C. 27/ Mex// Th./ TYPE// Ex – Musaeo/ JAMES THOMSON// TYPE// Euphoria (Euphorhipis Casey) / Histrionica J. Thomson / holotype ♂ / G. Ruter det., 1970” and my holotype label. Other material: MEXICO (63): CHIAPAS: Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (13), Chicoasén (2), El Aguacero (11), no data (4); COLIMA: No Data (1); GUERRERO: Chilpancingo (18–23 Km N) (4), Iguala (12–25 Km N) (3); JALISCO: San Gabriel (9 Km NE) (1); NAYARIT: Las Varas (14–29 Km NE) (1); OAXACA: Huajuapan de León (48 km NE) (2), Totolapan (1), Tutla (11 Km NW) (1), no data (1); PUEBLA: El Tepenene (1), Izúcar de Matamoros (3), Petlalcingo (9), Tepexco (12 Km E) (1); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D534B27D85FC454DEA42FC23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D535B27385A543AAEA52FEC6.text	F449F723D535B27385A543AAEA52FEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria levinotata Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria levinotata Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 7)</p> <p>Type Material (132). Holotype male labeled “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal / vii.28.1956/ 1188 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 8 (1956)// 8-1” and with my red holotype label (UNSM). Allotype female labeled “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.28.1956/ 1188 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 8 (1956)// 8-19” and with my yellow allotype label (UNSM). Paratypes (130) with the following data: “Patagonia/ VII-6-36 Ariz/ M. Cazier // EUPHORIA / DEVULSA/ HORN/ DET. E.R.L.” (9 AMNH); “Patagonia/ VII-6-16 Ariz/ M. Cazier // Euphoria / devulsa/ DET/ A.R. Hardy 1995” (1 AMNH); “Patagonia/ VII-6-36 Ariz/ M. Cazier // EUPHORIA / DEVULSA/ Det. Hardy ” (1 AMNH); “Pack Rat Nest/ #2 1 mi. E. of// PORTAL, ARIZ./ VI 28 1956 / H. x A. Howden ” (3 CMNC); “Portal, ARIZ./ Cochise Co. / VII-9-63/ Cazier &amp; Mortenson// Taken into nest by/ Pogonomyrmex barbatus.// E. n.sp. near devulsa/ Cazier (ariz. St. Univ./at Tempe)/ DET. Has 30 others./ H. F. HOWDEN 2-VII-8 1-VII-9// Euphoria / devulsa/ DET/ A. R. Hardy 1995” (1 CMNC); “Pack Rat Nest/ #2 1 mi. E. of// PORTAL, ARIZ./ VI 27 1956 / H. x A. Howden ” (3 CMNC); “Pack Rat Nest/ #3 1 mi. E. of// PORTAL, ARIZ./ VI 29 1956 / H. x A. Howden ” (1 CMNC); “Pack Rat Nest/ #6 1 mi. E. of// PORTAL, ARIZ./ VII 5 1956 / H. x A. Howden ” (5 CMNC); “AZ: Sta Cruz Cty./ Tumacacori/ 8-VIII-98” (1 UAIC); “AZ: Pima Co / Tucson/ 4-VIII-95 Singer” (1 UAIC); “AZ: Pima Co / Tucson/ 13-VIII-95 Singer” (1 UAIC); “AZ: Pima Co / Tucson/ 13-VIII-95/ Mathison” (1 UAIC); “ 20mi. E. Pearce. ARIZ 5 July,/ 1968 FWerner,/ EErickson” (1 UAIC); “AZ: Sta. Cruz Cty./ Tumacacori Natl./ Historical Monument/ in debris of ant nests/ 8-VIII-98” (1 UAIC); “ Prosopis / juliflora// Sta.RitaRangeRes./ Sahuarita, ARIZ./ 12 July 1971 ” (1 UAIC); “Tucson, Az/ 6-VII-18/ W. Nutting / On ornamental agave// EUPHORIA / DEVULSA/ HORN?/ DET. W. B. WARNER 91” (1 UAIC); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.12.1956/ 1188 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 8 (1956)” (3 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.28.1956/ 1188 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 8 (1956)” (1 FSCA, 3 JOAC, 1 MJPC, 18 USNM); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.28.1956/ 1188 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 8 (1956)// 8-1” (1 MJPC); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.6.1956/ 1240 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 2 (1956)// 2-1” (2 CMNC, 2 IEXA, 2 MUDGE, 14 USNM, 2 JOAC); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.14.1956/ 1189 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 9 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.13.1956/ 1186 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 7 (1956)” (4 FSCA, 1 MJPC, 1 USNM); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.13.1956/ 1186 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 7 (1956)// 7-1” (1 MJPC); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.14.1956/ 1238 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 6 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.2.1956/ 1206 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 12 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.18.1956/ 1195C FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 10 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.14.1956/ 1189 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 9 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.14.1956/ 1189 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 9 (1956)// E. devulsa / det. M.J. Paulsen 2007” (1 MJPC); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.13.1956/ 1197 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 13 (1956)” (1 FSCA); “Pack Rat Nest/ #2 1 mi. E. of// PORTAL, ARIZ./ VI 27 1956 / H. x A. Howden // Euphoria / devulsa/ Horn/ Det./ H.F.Howden-1957” (1 FSCA); “ USA: AZ. Santa Cruz Co. / Madera Canyon Road/ Florida wash. 31. 73°N / 110.87°W. 16.vii.2001 / Brian Harris” (1 LACM); “Patagonia/ Ariz. 7-36/ ES Ross// E. S. Ross / Collection// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “Patagonia/ Ariz// E. S. Ross / VII-8-36// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “Baboquivari/ Mts. Ariz./ F. H. Snow ” (1 BCRC); “ USA: AZ Vii-10-99/ Tucson Pima county// Euphoria devulsa / Horn” (1 MJPC); “ USA: AZ: Cochise Co. / Hereford Road 2 mi. / E. of Nicksville, vii-/ 10-1993, flying day/ after rain, W. Warner ” (1 MJPC); “ USA: AZ: Cochise Co. / Hereford Road 2 mi. / E. of Nicksville, vii-/ 10-1993, flying day/ after rain, W. Warner // Euphoria / DEVULSA/ HORN 05 / det. W. B. Warner ” (1 MJPC); “Portal. ARIZ / 5 July 1956 / OLCartwright// from/ rat nest/ Neotoma ” (10 USNM); “Portal. ARIZ / 11 July 1956 / OLCartwright// from/ rat nest/ Neotoma ” (2 USNM); “Portal. ARIZ / 26 July 1956 / OLCartwright// from/ rat nest/ Neotoma ” (1 USNM); “Portal. ARIZ / 27 July 1956 / OLCartwright// from/ rat nest/ Neotoma ” (1 USNM); “Portal. ARIZ / 29 July 1956 / OLCartwright// from/ rat nest/ Neotoma ” (1 USNM); “GreenValley/ Pima Co. / Arizona // Dr. Lenczy / VII.1982 ” (1 USNM); “GreenValley/ Pima Co. / Arizona // Dr. Lenczy / VII.1983 ” (1 USNM); “MaderaCn/ Pima Co. / Arizona // Dr. Lenczy / VII. 88” (3 USNM); “ ARIZ. Cochise Co. / Flats near Portal/ vii.2.1956 Berlese/ 1174-4 FNYoung// Nest of/ Neotoma albigula / No. 5 (1956)// 5-1” (2 USNM); “ New Mexico: Hidalgo Co.:/ 15 mi. S. I-10 on highway/ 80: July 11 1992: taken/ on/ Helianthus / Steve Lingafelter” (2 SEMC); “ New Mexico: Hidalgo Co.:/ 15 mi. S. I-10 on highway/ 80: July 11 1992: taken/ on/ Helianthus / Steve Lingafelter// EUPHORIA / SPP./ det M.E. Jameson 1994” (1 SEMC); “ ARIZ: Santa Cruz Co.,/ Nogales, pasture in pine/ plantation, 21.VII.04, ex./ Lindgren trap, a -pinene &amp;/ EtOH,R.Dilks, APHIS PPQ” (1 ADMC); “ ARIZ: Santa Cruz Co./ Nogales, Nogales/ Cemetary [sic], 21. VII.04/ Lindgren funnel trap /R.Dilks, APHIS PPQ” (1 ADMC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-110.87&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.73" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -110.87/lat 31.73)">All</a> paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 8.7 mm; width 5.3 mm. Color: Dorsal and ventral surfaces shiny black. Elytra with a few cretaceous markings distributed on disc; cretaceous markings small, irregular in shape, 6 per elytron, distributed mostly on basal two-thirds. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose, sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Clypeus short, subquadrate, strongly strigose, apex vaguely sinuate, apex and sides not raised, sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size, confluent towards sides, sparsely setose on sides, glabrous at middle, setae as on head. Sides evenly rounded, base in front of scutellum moderately emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, apex acute, anteriorly with few moderate in size, lunulate punctures bearing small, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; striae bearing 3–4 irregular rows of grooves, double grooves of lunulate and geminate punctures; punctures frequently with small, tawny setae; costae evident. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface strongly convex, subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous; moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Protibiae with apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, teeth worn down. Mesotibial carina moderately developed into 2 short teeth; metatibial carina weakly developed, spurs slender, long. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, slightly extended beyond mesocoxae, apex evenly arcuate, densely punctate. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus well defined. Abdominal sternites moderately densely setose, setae as on legs. Abdomen flattened in lateral view.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except for the following: Length 10.0 mm; width 6.1 mm. Color: One large cretaceous marking on posterior half of elytra and small markings dispersed through rest of surface. Pronotum: Scutellum with punctures distributed on base and sides. Venter: Abdomen convex in lateral view.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (130) similar to the holotype and allotype except as follows: Length 7.2– 13.5 mm; width 6.1–10.9 mm. Color: Elytra black to reddish brown, cretaceous markings whitish to yellowish, variable in number and size, mostly small and sparse, rarely large and abundant. Head: Surface sparsely to densely setose. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to densely setose, base weakly to moderately emarginate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, rarely impunctate. Legs: Protibial teeth sharp to worn down. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 7c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from others in the group based on the subquadrate clypeus, elytral striae bearing 3–4 irregular rows of grooves, double grooves of lunulate and geminate punctures, and the pygidial apex rounded in both sexes. Euphoria devulsa is close to this species but can be separated by having elytral striae bearing three evenly spaced rows of lunulate punctures and the apex of the pygidium sexually dimorphic (round in males, acuminate in females).</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been found on Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) (Fabaceae), in nests of N. albigula, and in debris of ant nests. Adults have also been observed being taken to a nest by Pogonomyrmex barbatus Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In Arizona, the species is frequently associated with Argemone sp. (Papaveraceae) (William Warner, personal communication).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (8), July (118), August (5) (Fig. 7d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. KnownfromArizona and New Mexico, USA (Fig. 7e).</p> <p>Etymology. From the Latin levis meaning light, weak, and nota meaning mark, referring to the small, cretaceous markings on the elytra.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D535B27385A543AAEA52FEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D53BB27085E84109E950FD1C.text	F449F723D53BB27085E84109E950FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria sonorae Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria sonorae Bates, 1889 revised status</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 8)</p> <p>Euphoria histrionica var. sonorae Bates 1889: 374. Original combination.</p> <p>Neotype at USNM here designated. As synonym of Euphoria histrionica Thomson by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Euphoria scabiosa Casey 1915: 316. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype and one paralectotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 608). Length 8.3–17.7 mm; width 5.1–7.3 mm. Color: Head and pronotum black, elytra black, brown, or reddish brown. Elytra with light yellow cretaceous markings; markings irregular, extending from the sides towards the middle, frequently more abundant on posterior half, frequently covering tip of elytra and pygidium entirely. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose, densely setose; setae long, moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, strongly strigopunctate, apex and sides not raised. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in length in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, punctures moderate in size, lunulate, denser towards sides; moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish to whitish. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctate; punctures lunulate, with moderate to long setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; striae bearing 3 rows of lunulate, moderate in size punctures. Costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth sharp, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Mesotibial carina well developed into 2 sharp teeth. Metatibial carina transverse, metatibial apex weakly expanded apically. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex weakly truncate, moderately densely setose. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly defined. Abdominal sternites densely setose, setae as on rest of body; abdomen in lateral view subequal in shape in both sexes, occasionally slightly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 8c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria sonorae is separated from other species in the group by the subquadrate clypeus, moderately densely to densely setose dorsal surface, and the cretaceous markings covering the tip of elytra and the entire pygidium. Euphoria histrionica can be separated from this species by the bright coloration of the cretaceous markings (lighter in E. sonorae) and by the impunctate scutellum (densely punctate in E. sonorae).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria sonorae has been confused in the literature with E. histrionica almost since it was described. Bates (1889) described E. sonorae from Sonora, Mexico as a variety of the Mexican E. histrionica. Since then, E. histrionica has been used as the valid name for the species found in Arizona and northern Mexico, and the real E. histrionica has been left without an identity. Casey (1915) synonymized E. sonorae with E. histrionica and described E. scabiosa from southern Arizona based on a slender specimen of E. sonorae. The type of E. sonorae is considered lost as it could not be found at the BMNH or in any of the other collections examined. I hereby designate the lectotype of E. scabiosa as the neotype of E. sonorae.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been found on Ambrosia sp., Simsia exaristata Gray, and Viguiera cordifolia Gray (all Asteraceae), in nests of N. albigula, and attracted to Japanese beetle traps. Adults have also been observed feeding on anthers of Helianthus sp.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (2), June (1), July (13), August (47), September (440), October (47), November (3) (Fig. 8f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Mexico in the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, and Sonora, and in Arizona and New Mexico, USA (Fig. 8g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (608). Type material: Euphoria sonorae Bates, 1889; neotype at USNM here designated labeled “Ariz// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48673// scabiosa/ Csy// Euphoria / scabiosa/ Casey// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / scabiosa Csy. / By. A.R. Hardy 1978” and my neotype label. Euphoria scabiosa Casey, 1915; paralectotype female at USNM “Ariz// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// scabiosa. 2/ PARATYPE UNSM/ 48673// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / scabiosa Csy. ”. Other material: MEXICO (39): CHIHUAHUA: Matamoros (2), Río Urique (4); DURANGO: El Palmito (1), no data (1); JALISCO: Guadalajara (1), Jocotepec (1), Villa Hidalgo (1); NAYARIT: San Blas (1); SINALOA: La Capilla del Taxte (2); SONORA: El Cobre (6), Nogales (2), Sierra San José (17). USA (567): ARIZONA. Cochise Co.: Bowie (8), Chiricahua Mountains (30), Douglas (21), Huachuca Mountains (31), Miller Canyon (1), Palmerlee (35), Paradise (2), Pearce (1), Portal (15), Sunizona (8), Timber Mountain (2), Wilcox (1); Gila Co.: Globe (87), Payson (54), Pinal Mountains (51), Salt River Canyon (7), San Carlos (5), Seneca (1), Sierra Ancha (2), no data (1); Graham Co.: Blue River (1), Graham Mountain (1); Maricopa Co.: Sunflower (3); Pima Co.: Baboquivari Mountains (22), Madera Canyon (12), Santa Catalina Mountains (2), Big Dry Creek (1), Sonoita (1), Tucson (2); Pinal Co.: Superior (45); Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (1), Duquesne (2), Elgin (1), Madera Canyon (1), Nogales (2), Patagonia Mountains (2), Santa Rita Mountains (1), Sonoita (4), Sycamore Canyon (4); Yavapai Co.: Bloody Basin (1), Congress (1), Prescott (68), Verde Valley (1); No data: “S. Arizona” (19). NEW MEXICO. Catron Co.: Big Dry Creek (1), Pleasanton (1); Grant Co.: No data (2); Hidalgo Co.: Peloncillo Mountains (1). No data: (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D53BB27085E84109E950FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D538B27185F642A0EB71FD6D.text	F449F723D538B27185F642A0EB71FD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria subtomentosa (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria subtomentosa (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 9)</p> <p>Cetonia subtomentosa Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 444). Length 8.4 –11.8 mm; width 5.1–7.4 mm. Color: Head black, pronotum and elytra black or reddish brown. Elytra with bright yellow, thick, cretaceous markings distributed longitudinally on striae, covering elytral apex entirely. Pygidium almost entirely covered by cretaceous layer. Head: Frons flat, strongly strigose, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus short, subtrapezoidal, moderately expanded anteriorly, strongly strigopunctate, sides not raised, apex strongly truncate, weakly reflexed. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, punctures small to moderate in size, confluent towards sides, densely setose, setae long, yellowish; sides weakly angulate to evenly rounded. Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctate, punctures lunulate, setigerous; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, punctures lunulate, small to moderate in size, setigerous; setae short to long, yellowish. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, weakly impressed, moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth sharp, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Mesotibial carina well developed into 1 long and 1 short spine. Metatibiae with carina oblique, apex moderately expanded, spurs subequal in length both sexes. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex truncate to rounded, densely setose. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly defined. Abdominal sternites densely setose, setae as on rest of body; abdomen in lateral view subequal in shape in both sexes. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 9c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria subtomentosa is separated from other species in the group by the subtrapezoidal clypeus and the cretaceous markings on the elytra that are distributed longitudinally on the elytral striae.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described Cetonia tomentosa twice in their monograph under the same name from specimens labeled as being from Mexico. The first description (pages 63, 266), “ Cetonia tomentosa Klug. ”, corresponds to a mislabeled Anoplocheilus tomentosus from South Africa. The second specimen (pages 64, 278) “ Cetonia tomentosa Stéven ” constitutes a Mexican specimen. The fact that the same name was used for two different species, and the use of other authors names after the species name, has caused considerable confusion regarding the valid name for the Mexican species and to whom authorship should be attributed to (i. e., Dejean 1836; Mannerheim 1837; Bates 1889; Blackwelder 1944; Hardy 2001).</p> <p>Dejean’ s catalogue, considered the “bible” for coleopterists at the time (Barber and Bridwell 1940) indicated that, “Subtomentosa Hope”, “ Tomentosa Sturm,” “Multipunctata Höpfner”, and “Spardalina Dupont” all referred to the same species. “Multipunctata Höpfner”, and “Spardalina Dupont” were never described and are considered nomina nuda. In Gory and Percheron (1833) and Dejean (1836), the name following a species does not necessarily refer to the species’ author, but can also refer to the collection from where the specimen came or to the collection where the specimen was observed with that name.</p> <p>Mannerheim (1837), in his review of Gory and Percheron (1833), noted that Cetonia tomentosa Stéven was not named by Stéven but by Sturm (origin of the name, not the description). He also noted that Dejean (1836) adopted the name “Subtomentosa Hope” for the Mexican species because of the two homonyms.</p> <p>Burmeister (1842) used Gory and Percheron as the authors of the species (Cetonia subtomentosa). In addition, he agreed with Mannerheim (1837) that Sturm was the originator of the name and not Stéven. Thomson (1878) also used Gory and Percheron as the authors of this species. Bates (1889), Schenkling (1921), and Blackwelder (1944) used Mannerheim as the author of the species. None of these three authors provided a rationale for this decision. Hardy (2001) used Dejean as the author of the species arguing Dejean used C. subtomentosa as a replacement name for “ tomentosa Sturm ”.</p> <p>Gory and Percheron (1833) provided a short description of the species in Latin at the beginning of their book (Tableau Diagnostique) and a longer one in French later on. Both descriptions of C. tomentosa use this name in all parts of the book. In the case of the Mexican specimen, an additional name is given in the Tableau Diagnostique followed by the description (page 64): “ TOMENTOSA, Steven., Sub-Tomentosa. Hope. Mexique. Rubra, thorace corporeque obscurioribus vittis duabus longitudinabilus griseis in elytris, prima exteriore dentata, secunda posticali”. This constitutes the description of E. subtomentosa even in this rare two-names scenario. Gory and Percheron (1833) were probably illustrating the fact that there were specimens of this species in the Stéven collection under the name “Tomentosa” and some others in the Hope collection under the name “Sub-Tomentosa”. The fact that there is a description attached to the name of the species (“Sub-tomentosa”) and that the other name used in the description (“Tomentosa”) is currently a senior homonym for a South African specimen justifies the use of Gory and Percheron as the authors of this species.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults of E. subtomentosa have been observed on various species of Asteraceae: Bidens odorata Cav., Dyssodia pinnata (Cav.), Helianthus annus L. flowers, and V. dentata. Adults have also been collected in A. mexicana debris piles (Deloya 1988) and at elevations of 1,400 –2,200 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (1), June (17), July (4), August (4), September (148), October (172), November (27) (Fig. 9d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. K n o w n f r o m Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Estado de México, Guerrero, Guanajuato (Deloya et al. 1993), Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz, Mexico (Fig. 9e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (444). Type material: Holotype female at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// subtomentosa/ B/ tomentosa G.P./ Mexico ” and my holotype label. Other material: MEXICO (443): AGUASCALIENTES: Pabellón (1). CHIAPAS: Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (6), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (16), no data (5); COLIMA: Colima (10); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Coatlinchan (1), Xochimilco (1); GUERRERO: Chichihualco (22 km E) (2), Chilpancingo (7), Iguala (3), Mochitlán (3), Taxco (58), Teloloapan (2), Tixtla (2); HIDALGO: Zimapán (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (45), Autlán (3), Barra de Navidad (1), Chapala (1), Cocula (1), Guadalajara (7), Huentitán (2), Jocotepec (8), Lago de Chapala (1), Melaque (1), San Fandia (3), San Gabriel (5), Sayula (2), Tecolotlán (1), Teocaltriche (1), Tequila (1), Tesistán (1), Tizapán (2), Tlaquepaque (2), Tuxcacuesco (1), Volcán Colima (28), Zapopan (3); MICHOACÁN: Acahuato (1), Cotija (2); MORELOS: Amacuzac (5), Cuernavaca (34), Tepoztlán (3), Tizapán (3), Xochicalco (15), Xochitepec (6), Yautepec (1), Zacatepec de Hidalgo (1); NAYARIT: Volcán El Ceboruco (1); OAXACA: Ocotepec (5), Huajuapan (9), San Francisco Huapanapa (1), Monte Albán (3), Oaxaca (11), Mitla (1), Nochixtlán (1), Puebla (1), San Juan Baustista Huicatlán (2), San Sebastian Tutla (2), Santiago Cacaloxtepec (13), Santiago Chazumba (37), no data (1); PUEBLA: Acatlán (4), Calipán (2), Coxcatlán (1), Izúcar de Matamoros (14), Petlalcingo (6), Piaxtla (1), Tehuacán (1), Tepexco (4), Zapotitlán (6); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (1), Xalapa (1); NO DATA: Mexico (1), no data (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D538B27185F642A0EB71FD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D539B27687F34373ECDDFF75.text	F449F723D539B27687F34373ECDDFF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria sepulcralis Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria sepulcralis Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 1k–r)</p> <p>Species in the sepulcralis species-group are distinguished by having a shiny surface, black, brown, or metallic coloration, pronotum with a cretaceous lateral line, base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum strongly emarginated, mesometasternal process well developed, and elytra with reniform and/or vermiform, cretaceous markings (except Euphoria boliviensis Blanchard). The male genitalia are useful for the diagnosis of some of the species.</p> <p>Composition. The five species included in this group are: E. boliviensis Blanchard, E. leucographa (Gory and Percheron), E. lurida (F.), E. sepulcralis (F.), and E. yucateca Bates.</p> <p>Natural History. Some of the species can become a nuisance for cultivated crops, fruits, and flowers.</p> <p>K EY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SEPULCRALIS SPECIES- G ROUP</p> <p>1. Mesotibial carina developed into 1–2 long spines. Elytral markings globose, frequently almost entirely covering elytra and pygidium (Fig. 10a, d)....................................................................... E. boliviensis Blanchard (p. 29)</p> <p>1′. Mesotibial carina developed into 1–2 short spines. Elytral markings frequently reniform or vermiform, only partially covering elytra....................................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Pronotum with 2 cretaceous bands at each side (Fig. 12a). Abdominal sternites sparsely punctate........................ E. lurida (F.) (p. 32)</p> <p>2′. Pronotum with 1 cretaceous band at each side, rarely without band. Abdominal sternites moderately densely to densely punctate.......3</p> <p>3. Apex of clypeus strongly reflexed in males, moderately reflexed in females. Male antennal club longer than stem........... E. leucographa (Gory and Percheron) (p. 30)</p> <p>3′. Apex of clypeus weakly to moderately reflexed in both sexes. Antennal club never longer than stem.....................................................4</p> <p>4. Pronotal punctures small and sparse, giving the pronotum a polished appearance (Fig. 14a). Scutellum impunctate. Parameres as in Fig. 14c................................. E. yucateca Bates (p. 40)</p> <p>4′ Pronotal punctures dense, moderate in size, giving the pronotum a coarse appearance (Fig. 13a). Scutellum frequently densely punctate. Parameres as in Fig. 13c................................................... E. sepulcralis (F.) (p. 34)</p> <p>C LAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO SEPULCRALIS</p> <p>1. Quilla mesotibial formada por 1–2 espinas largas. Máculas cretáceas elitrales globosas, frecuentemente cubriendo los élitros y el pigídio completamente (Fig. 10a, d).......................................... E. boliviensis Blanchard (p. 29)</p> <p>1′. Quilla mesotibial formada por 1–2 espinas cortas. Máculas cretáceas elitrales frecuentemente reniformes o vermiformes, cubriendo los élitros solo parcialmente............................................. 2</p> <p>2. Pronoto con 2 bandas cretáceas a cada lado (Fig. 12a). Esternitos abdominales levemente punteados...................... E. lurida (F.) (p. 32)</p> <p>2′. Pronoto con 1 banda cretácea a cada lado, banda raramente ausente. Esternitos abdominales moderada a densamente punteados................. 3</p> <p>3. Ápice clipeal fuertemente elevado en machos, moderadamente elevado en hembras. Maza antenal del macho más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales........ E. leucographa (Gory y Percheron) (p. 30)</p> <p>3′. Ápice clipeal ligera a moderadamente elevado en ambos sexos. Maza antenal nunca más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales.........4</p> <p>4. Punteaduras pronotales pequeñas y dispersas, dándole al pronoto una apariencia pulida (Fig. 14a). Escutelo sin punteaduras. Parámeros como en la Fig. 14c................................................................... E. yucateca Bates (p. 40)</p> <p>4′ Punteaduras pronotales densas, medianas en tamaño, dándole al pronoto una apariencia rugosa (Fig. 13a). Escutelo frecuentemente densamente punteado. Parámeros como en la Fig. 13c................ E. sepulcralis (F.) (p. 34)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D539B27687F34373ECDDFF75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D53EB27787EF4179E9CDFA04.text	F449F723D53EB27787EF4179E9CDFA04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria boliviensis Blanchard 1850	<div><p>Euphoria boliviensis Blanchard, 1850</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 10)</p> <p>Euphoria boliviensis Blanchard 1850: 13. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria andina Schein 1950: 273. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG here designated. Two paralectotypes at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 30). Length 9.0– 11.4 mm; width 5.6–6.5 mm. Color: Surface shiny, black to brown. Pronotum black with greenish or reddish reflections, rarely with yellowish or whitish, cretaceous band on lateral margin. Elytra dark brown to reddish brown, with moderate to large, whitish to yellowish, cretaceous markings; markings globose, frequently covering elytra almost entirely. Pygidium frequently entirely covered by yellowish tomentum. Head: Frons moderately strigose, moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, lateral margins weakly to moderately raised, subparallel, surface strongly to moderately strigose, moderately to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, moderate to long. Clypeal apex vaguely to weakly reflexed, apex truncate in dorsal view, weakly to moderately sinuate in frontal view. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser and confluent towards sides and anterior margin, moderately to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, weakly punctate; punctures bearing moderate to long setae. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate to irregularly lunulate, moderate in size, distributed in 2–3 irregular rows on striae, costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface moderately to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed in both sexes, frequently sharp, apical tooth transverse or oblique, basal tooth well developed, apical and medial teeth closer to each than to basal tooth. Mesotibial carina well developed into 1–2 long spines, spines rarely reduced. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended to same level of mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex rounded, flat, or slightly pointed, moderately densely to densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites sparsely punctate; punctures minute to small, moderately densely to densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex in females, flat in males. Pygidium: Surface concentrically strigose, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 10c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria boliviensis is separated from other species in the group based on the setose mesometasternal process, mesotibial carina with well-developed spine, and elytra and pygidium frequently entirely cretaceous. This species is superficially similar to E. sonorae, but E. sonorae has the antennal club subequal in length in both sexes, and the elytra are densely punctate.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Blanchard (1850) described this species from Bolivia. Schein (1950), apparently unaware of Blanchard’ s earlier description, described Euphoria andina also from Bolivia (Cochabamba) and compared it with E. lurida.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been collected between 2,570–2,600 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (2), March (1), April (4), November (5) (Fig. 10e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from the departments of Cochabamba, La Paz, and Santa Cruz in Bolivia (Fig. 10f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (30). Type material: Euphoria boliviensis Blanchard, 1850; holotype at MNHN labeled “ Bolivia // [green circle]// Museum Paris/ Bolivie/ CHEVROLAT 185 49// TYPE// C. boliviensis./ Blanch/ Bolivie” and my holotype label. Euphoria andina Schein, 1950; lectotype male at MHNG here designated labeled “ Bolivia / Cochabamba / 2600m 10.1.49/ Zischka// Euphoria / andina/ TYPUS/ det. Schein, München” and my lectotype label; two female paralectotypes at MHNG with the same label data. Other material: BOLIVIA (26): COCHABAMBA: Cochabamba (20); LA PAZ: Coroico (1); SANTA CRUZ: Agua Clara (2), Buena Vista (1), Samaipata (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D53EB27787EF4179E9CDFA04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D53FB27585F945C8ECE0FE7C.text	F449F723D53FB27585F945C8ECE0FE7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria leucographa (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria leucographa (Gory and Percheron, 1833) revised status</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 11)</p> <p>Cetonia leucographa Gory and Percheron 1833: 208. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype not located. As a subspecies of Euphoria sepulcralis (F.) by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Cetonia rufina Gory and Percheron 1833: 206.</p> <p>New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined. As subspecies of Euphoria sepulcralis (F.) by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Euphoria testacea Casey 1915: 305. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Seven paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 1,193). Length 11.2–13.7 mm; width 6.4–8.3 mm. Color: Surface shiny with variable green reflections, coppery, light to dark brown, metallic green, or almost black. Pronotum with whitish or yellowish, cretaceous band on lateral margin; lightly colored specimens frequently with 1 black, moderate-sized vitta at each side of midline. Elytra with small to moderate, reniform, vermiform, or irregular cretaceous markings, markings whitish to yellowish. Sides of abdominal sternites frequently with whitish, cretaceous markings; markings small to moderate in size, irregular in shape. Pygidium frequently with two cretaceous markings. Head: Frons occasionally with vague longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus moderately densely to densely punctate or punctatostrigate, punctures moderate, round, coalescent; subquadrate, weakly reduced anteriorly, sides weakly to strongly raised; apex strongly reflexed in males, weakly to moderately in females, apex truncate in dorsal view, weakly to deeply sinuate in frontal view; glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser and confluent towards apex and sides; sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures bearing moderate, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of grooves, lunulate and irregular punctures; punctures moderate in size; costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface moderately to densely setose, setae short to long, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, third tooth frequently subobsolete in males. Metatibial carina weakly to moderately developed into 1–2 short spines. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex rounded, flat, or slightly pointed. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites densely punctate; punctures small, bearing setae; sternites weakly to densely setose laterally, weakly to glabrous medially; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Abdomen in males frequently with medial, longitudinal depression, flat to slightly convex in females Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, deep to shallowly impressed, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 11c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group based on the strongly reflexed clypeal apex in the males and moderately reflexed clypeal apex in the females, antennal club longer than the stem in the males, scutellum moderately densely to densely punctate, pronotum densely punctate, and form of the parameres. Sakai and Nagai (1998) misidentified this species as E. histrionica (Appendix 5).</p> <p>Notes. Specimens of lighter coloration (Fig. 11a) are more commonly found in the northern part of the species’ distributional range (Arizona, USA), while darker specimens (Fig. 11d,e) are more abundant in the southern areas (i. e., Oaxaca, Mexico).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described a dark male of this species as E. leucographa and a light female as E. rufina, both based on specimens from Mexico. Burmeister (1842) considered both species valid and separated them based on color, shape of the clypeus, and size of the antennal club (all sexual characters except color). Charles Émile Blanchard (1850) did not treat E. rufina, and he erroneously listed E. leucographa as occurring in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Frederick Blanchard (1885) recorded E. leucographa from Arizona, following Horn’ s request: “Dr. Horn requests that I here announce the occurrence of these two species (E. subtomentosa and E. leucographa) in Arizona to warrant their introduction into our lists”. Bates (1889) and Schaeffer (1907) considered E. rufina a variety of E. leucographa. Casey (1915) considered both E. rufina and E. leucographa as good species occurring in Mexico, and he described E. testacea from the United States. Blackwelder (1944) followed Bates, including E. rufina as a variety of E. leucographa. Morón et al. (1997), and Deloya et al. (1993, 1995) listed E. leucographa as a widely distributed species in Mexico. Hardy (2001) considered both E. leucographa and E. rufina as subspecies of E. sepulcralis. I hereby reinstate E. leucographa as a valid species.</p> <p>Both E. rufina and E. leucographa appeared in Gory and Percheron (1833). Euphoria leucographa has been widely and consistently used as a valid species with E. rufina generally ranked at the varietal level. As the first reviser, I propose E. leucographa as the valid name rather than E. rufina for this species (ICZN Article 24.2.2).</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on flowers of Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz and Pav.), Baccharis sergiloides (Gray), Baccharis sarothroides Gray, Gutierrezia sp., Ericameria nauseosa (Pallas), Isocoma tenuisecta Greene (all Asteraceae), Acacia cornigera (L.), Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) (both Fabaceae), and Salix sp. (Salicaceae). Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species feeding on flowers of H. annuus, Zea mays (L.) (Poaceae), Croton suberosus Kunth., Casearia tremula (Griseb.) (Flacourtiaceae), and Mimosa sp. Adults also have been collected in fruit, blacklight, pitfall, and flight intercept traps, and Lindgren funnel traps baited with ethanol and a -pinene. In addition, E. leucographa has been observed feeding on orange blossoms and tree sap. Adults frequent chaparral, chaparral/mesquite habitats, scrub forests, thorn forests, and miscellaneous shrubs from 485–2,500 m elevation. Apiomerus flaviventris Herrich-Schaffer (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) has been found feeding on adults. In Mexico, the species has been found associated with A. mexicana nests (Hinton and Ancona 1935; Deloya 1988; Rojas 1989).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (4), April (2), May (17), June (78), July (340), August (110), September (228), October (254), November (15), December (3) (Fig. 11f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Arizona and New Mexico, USA, Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz, Mexico, and the department of Guatemala in Guatemala (Fig. 11g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (1,193). Type material: Cetonia rufina Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype at MNHN labeled “Type C. Dupont// var rufina G &amp; P/ Mexico. Typus// Ex Musaeo/ Van Lansberge// TYPE” and my holotype label. Euphoria testacea Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “Huachuca Mts/ July 1905 Ariz// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// testacea. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48668// LECTOYPE/ Euphoria / testacea Csy / By A. R. Hardy 1978”; paralectotype at USNM labeled “N.M// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// testacea. 2/ TYPE USNM/ 48668// testacea/ Csy// PARALECTOYPE/ Euphoria / testacea Csy ”. Other material: GUATEMALA (2): GUATEMALA: Amatitlán (1); NO DATA:“Guatemala” (1). MEXICO (675): AGUASCALIENTES: Aguascalientes (1); CHIAPAS: Chicoasén (1), Custepeques (1), El Aguacero (2), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (10), Puerto Madero (2), San Quintín (10), Santa Rosa (4), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (7); CHIHUAHUA: Chihuahua (1), Parrita (3); COLIMA: Colima (13), El Terrero (1), Manzanillo (3); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (1); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Sierra de Nanchititla (2), Tejupilco (2), Temascaltepec (21), no data (2); GUANAJUATO: Guanajuato (1); GUERRERO: Acapulco (20), Almolonga (6), Chichihualco (1), Iguala (12), Río Balsas (8), Taxco (2), Teloloapan (2), Tixtla (3), Zumpango (1), no data (2); HIDALGO: Progreso de Obregón (1), Portezuelo (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (19), Ameca (1), Atenquique (6), Autlán (5), Cocula (3), Chapala (10), Chamela (57), El Programa (2), El Tuito (1), Guadalajara (2), Jocotepec (1), La Huerta (1), La Floresta (1), Los Mazos (1), Magdalena (3), Puente Barranquitas (1), San Antonio (1), Tequila (2), Tesistán (2), Volcán de Colima (51); MICHOACÁN: Aguila (1), Apatzingán (1), Cinco de Mayo (1), El Sabino (2), El Puerto (1), Morelia (2), Tzitzio (2); MORELOS: Amacuzac (14), Cuernavaca (42), San Vicente (1), Xochicalco (2), Yautepec (2); NAYARIT: Compostela (4), El Pichón (1), Jala (2), Jesús María (2), Santa María del Oro (1), Tepic (2), Volcán del Céboruco (2), no data (8); OAXACA: El Camarón (12 km E) (1), La Ventosa (1), Mitla (21 km E) (1), Monte Albán (23), Oaxaca (2), Puerto Ángel (16), San Jerónimo (1), Tehuantepec (10), Temascál (7), San Pedro Totolapan (1), San Sebastián Tutla (1), no data (1); PUEBLA: Atlixco (1), Calmeca (1), Pahuatlán (1), Telhuacán (1); QUERÉTARO: Camargo (2), Querétaro (4); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: El Pujol (1), Huachihuayán (1); SINALOA: Concordia (28 km NE) (1), Elota (1), Escuinapa (2), Los Mochis (1), Mazatlán (15), Nogales (1), Venodio (Sinaloa de Leyva) (3), Villa Unión (6); SONORA: Álamos (8), Nogales (88), Rosario Tezopaco (1), Posa (2); TAMAULIPAS: Antiguo Morelos (1), Gómez Farias (1), Nuevo Morelos (1), Río Sabinas (1); VERACRUZ: Catemaco (2) Coatepec (2), Córdoba (6), Cotaxtla (4), Cuitláhuac (1), Dos Amates (6), Dos Ríos (2), El Zetal (1), La Tinaja (12), Montepío (1), Puente Nacional (3), San Juan (2), Soteapan (2), Tierra Blanca (1), Tinajitas (2), Xalapa (2); NO DATA: Mexico (5), Moctezuma (1). USA (511): ARIZONA. Cochise Co.: Apache (1), Benson (10 mi E) (1), Bisbee (8 mi NE) (2), Canelo (7), Carr Canyon (1), Chiricahua Mountains (2), Hereford (4), Huachuca Mountains (20), Miller Canyon (3), Montezuma Pass (2), Palmerlee (6), Parker Canyon (1), Portal (33), Silver Creek (1), Texas Canyon (2), Tombstone (2), Whetstone Mountains (1), no data (2); Graham Co.: Fort Grant (1); Gila Co.: Globe (2); Navajo Co.: Salt River Canyon (1); Pima Co.: Amado (1), Arivaca (3), Baboquivari Mountains (35), Box Canyon (1), Continental (19), Florida Canyon (12), Green Valley (2), Molino Basin (2), Mountain View (2), Rincon Mountains (1), Santa Catalina Mountains (15), Santa Rita Mountains (49), Sabino Canyon (5), Tucson (11), Upper Box Canyon (3); Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (7), Bear Valley Ranch (1), Duquesne (2 mi. NW) (1), Harshaw (1), Madera Canyon (99), Montosa Canyon (1), Nogales (36), Pajarito Mountains (1), Patagonia (28), Peña Blanca (40), Ruby (12), Santa Cruz river (1), Sonoita (1), Sycamore Canyon (6), Tumacacori Mountains (12), no data (2); Yavapai Co.: Prescott (5). NEW MEXICO. Hidalgo Co.: Skeleton Canyon (1). NO DATA (2): No data (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D53FB27585F945C8ECE0FE7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D53DB24B86034240EBECFF75.text	F449F723D53DB24B86034240EBECFF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria lurida (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Euphoria lurida (F., 1775)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 12)</p> <p>Cetonia lurida Fabricius 1775: 49. Original Combination.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia sordens Gmelin 1790: 1573. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia adspersa Weber 1801: 71. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia fasciolata Eschscholtz 1822: 25. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia bivittata Gory and Percheron 1833: 58. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia rufescens Gory and Percheron 1833: 58. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 524). Length 10.2–13.0 mm; width 6.5–8.0 mm. Color: Surface shiny, light brown, dark brown, reddish brown or black. Pronotum with a whitish to yellowish, cretaceous band on lateral margin and a second band next to it, second band frequently reduced to a few markings. Elytra with small to moderate, reniform, vermiform, or irregular cretaceous markings, markings whitish to yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, metacoxae, and sides of abdominal sternites frequently with whitish to yellowish, cretaceous markings; markings variable in size, irregular in shape; markings of fifth abdominal sternite frequently slightly medial. Pygidium variably covered by tomentum, markings frequently extending from anterolateral angles. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long; moderately densely to densely punctate to punctatostrigate; punctures moderate in size, round, coalescent; subquadrate, rarely longer than wide, weakly to moderately reduced anteriorly; lateral declivity moderately to strongly developed, sides weakly raised, rarely moderately raised; apex flat to weakly reflexed, rarely strongly reflexed or raised into 2 denticles, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely to moderately sinuate, rarely strongly sinuate. Antennal club shorter than stem, subequal in size in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser and confluent towards apex and sides, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of grooves, lunulate punctures, and irregular punctures; punctures moderate in size; costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, apical teeth oblique to transverse, teeth equidistant or apical and medial tooth closer to each than to basal tooth. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly longer in males. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex rounded, flat, or slightly pointed. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites sparsely punctate, punctures minute to small; weakly setose laterally, weakly to glabrous medially; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish, distributed along entire width of segment. Abdominal shape in lateral view subequal in both sexes. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, deeply to shallowly impressed. Surface glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 12c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated form the other species in the group based on the clypeus weakly to moderately reduced anteriorly, clypeal apex flat to weakly reflexed, antennal club subequal in length in both sexes, pronotum moderately to densely punctate with two cretaceous bands on each side, mesotibial carina not strongly spinose, abdominal sternites sparsely punctate, and form of the male genitalia. A few specimens in the material examined exhibit clypeal denticles and enlarged protibiae. Although this kind of variation is rare and unique in the genus, I consider it to be part of the intraspecific variation.</p> <p>Specimens from this group found in Colombia and Venezuela were previously considered to be E. lurida. After a careful examination of 840 specimens, including the types, of both this species and E. yucateca, I consider the Colombian and Venezuelan specimens as southern extensions of E. yucateca. Euphoria yucateca is separated from E. lurida based on the sparsely punctate pronotum and the pronotum with one cretaceous lateral band.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. E u p h o r i a l u r i d a was described by Fabricius from specimens collected in “Brasilia”. Three more species from Brazil, all corresponding to E. lurida, were described in the next 50 years: Cetonia sordens by Gmelin (1790), Cetonia adspersa by Weber (1801), and Cetonia fasciolata by Eschscholtz (1822). Gory and Percheron (1833) recognized all four species as valid and described Cetonia rufescens, also from Brazil. Burmeister (1842) placed C. sordens, C. adspersa, C. fasciolata, and C. rufescens in synonymy with Euphoria lurida.</p> <p>Cetonia bivittata Gory and Percheron was described based on specimens from Cayenne, French Guiana. To my knowledge, no additional specimens have been collected in this region. In addition, the type could not be located and is possibly lost. I consider this to be a mislabeled specimen of E. lurida not occurring in Cayenne, and concur with Hardy (2001) in placing it in synonymy.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been found on flowers of Baccharis sp., Chrysanthemum sp. (Asteraceae), and Dianthus sp. (Caryophyllaceae), and on goat and cow feces, carrion, and decaying fruit. Adults have also been found feeding on economically important crops such as wheat, corn, orange, and coffee, but without causing considerable damage (Costa Lima 1936, 1953). The species has been attracted to fruit traps in cerrado, rupestrian field, and dry meadow between 200–2,300 m elevation.</p> <p>Cunha et al. (2007) reported adults boring into ears of corn. As with all members of the genus, E. lurida has membranous mandibles that make it impossible to bore the holes mentioned by Cunha et al (2007). The most likely scenario is that E. lurida is utilizing the borings of another insect (i. e., lepidopteran larvae) to feed on the liquid exudates of the maize ears.</p> <p>Adults have been found in nests of Acromyrmex subterraneus (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Eidmann 1938 cited in Navarrete-Heredia 2001). Micó et al. (2000) described the third instar from larvae found in dry cow dung in Brazil.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (39), February (59), March (52), April (11), May (6), June (2), August (3), September (14), October (31), November (40), December (65) (Fig. 12f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. K n o w n f r o m Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Fig. 12g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (524). Type material: Cetonia rufescens Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype male at MNHN labeled “g &amp; P Type// var. Rufescens, G&amp;P./ Brasilia Type// Ex-Musaeo/ Van Lensberge” and my holotype label. Other m a t e r i a l: AR GENTINA (1 7 4): B U E N O S AIRES: Buenos Aires (1), Coronel Suárez (1), no data (1); CATAMARCA: Ampajango (2), Andagalá (1), Catamarca (1), Ramblones (2), no data (1); CÓRDOBA: Capilla del Monte (2), Chepes (1), Córdoba (8), Cosquín (2), Embalse (2), La Falda (4), Punilla (1), Salinas Grandes (5), Santa María (2); ENTRE RIOS: Concordia (5), Pronunciamiento (9), Salto Grande (2), no data (3); JUJUY. San Juancito (1), San Salvador de Jujuy (3), no data (1); LA RIOJA: Chepes (3), no data (1); MISIONES: Azara (1), Dos de Mayo (5), El Dorado (4), Loreto (2), Parque Nacional Iguazú (7), Posadas (1), Puerto Magdalena (1), San Javier (5), no data (2); SALTA: Campo Quijano (2), Coronel Moldes (1), El Naranjo (1), General Güemes (2), Rosario de Lerma (25); SANTA FÉ. Carcarañá (17), Reconquista (1), Santa Fé (3), “Saray” (1); SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: La Banda (4), Río Salado (2), no data (4); TUCUMÁN: Las Cejas (1), San Pedro de Colalao (2), Tapia (1), Tucumán (13); NO DATA: “ Argentina ” (1). BOLIVIA (2): BENI: Santa Rosa (1), Santiago (1). BRAZIL (224): MATO GROSSO: Corumbá (2), Ipatinga (1); MINAS GERAIS: Belo Horizonte (2), Cordisburgo (3), Diamantina (1), Ipatinga (1), Lavras (1), Parque Nacional Serra do Cipó (2), Monte Verde (2), Viçosa (1), no data (1); PARÁ: Prainha (1); PARANÁ: Araucaria (2), Caviuna (2), Curitiba (6), Foz do Iguaçu (1), Irati (1), Pato Branco (5), Rolândia (3); RIO DE JANEIRO: Niteroi (1), Rio de Janeiro (5); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Canabarro (4), Canela (1), Chapada (14), Cruz Alta (1), Brasilia (1), Passo Fundo (7), Pelotas (11), Porto Alegre (2), Santo Augusto (16), Três Cachoeiras (2), no data (17); SANTA CATARINA: Anita Garibaldi (3), Corupá (2), Joinville (1), Lança (1), Mafra (7), Nova Teutônia (17), Santa Cecilia (1), Santo Antônio do Pinhal (1), Rio Natal (3), Rio Negrinho (3), Rio Negunlio (1), Rio Vermelho (2), São Bento do Sul (2); SÃO PAULO: Batatais (2), Campinas (3), Campos do Jordão (1), Cipó (2), Guarulhos (1), Itu (1), Jundiaí (5), São Jose dos Campos (5), São Paulo (23), Serra da Cantareira (1), Tremembé (1), no data (6); NO DATA: “Brasil” (9). PARAGUAY (98): ALTO PARANÁ: No data (2); CAAGUAZÚ: Coronel Oviedo (2); CENTRAL: Asunción (1), no data (2); CORDILLERA: San Bernardino (5); GUAIRÁ: General Eugenio Garay (1), Paso Yobai (2), Villarica (2); ITAPÚA: Encarnación (2); PARAGUARÍ: Sapucaí (76); SAN PEDRO: Cororo (1); NO DATA: “Paraguay” (2). URUGUAY (25): CERRO LARGO: Plácido Rosas (1); LAVALLEJA: Cerro Campanero (1); MONTEVIDEO: Montevideo (9); PAYSANDÚ: Paysandú (10); RIO NEGRO: Menafra (3); NO DATA: “ Uruguay ” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D53DB24B86034240EBECFF75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D503B24D861A4179EA51FEA0.text	F449F723D503B24D861A4179EA51FEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria sepulcralis (Fabricius 1801)	<div><p>Euphoria sepulcralis (F., 1801)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 13)</p> <p>Cetonia sepulcralis Fabricius 1801: 156. Original combination.</p> <p>Type not seen. In loan from Zoologisches Museums der Christian- Albrechts- Universität zu Kiel (Germany) to the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen (Denmark).</p> <p>Cetonia reichi Gory and Percheron 1833: 210. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria limatula Janson 1881: 585. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria nitens Casey 1915: 320. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Two paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Euphoria sepulcralis kansana Casey 1915: 321. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Fifteen paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Euphoria sepulcralis crinitula Casey 1915: 321. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria sepulcralis floridana Casey 1915: 321. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Fourteen paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Euphoria sepulcralis cuprascens Casey 1915: 322. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria appalachia Casey 1915: 322. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Six paralectotypes at USNM, not examined.</p> <p>Euphoria scolopacea Casey 1915: 322. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Twenty-five paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Euphoria oxysternum Casey 1915: 323. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 2,754). Length 9.2–13.5 mm; width 5.5–8.3 mm. Color: Surface shiny, dark brown to black with variable green or violaceous reflections. Pronotum frequently with whitish, cretaceous band on lateral margin. Elytra with small to moderate, reniform, vermiform, or irregular, cretaceous markings; markings whitish to yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, metacoxae, and sides of abdominal sternites frequently with whitish, cretaceous markings. Pygidium variably covered by tomentum, cretaceous markings frequently on anterolateral margins. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeal surface densely to moderately densely punctate to punctatostrigate; punctures moderate in size, round, coalescent, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long; subquadrate, lateral margins weakly to moderately raised, lateral declivity moderately to strongly developed, apex vaguely to weakly reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely to weakly sinuate in frontal view. Antennal club in males slightly shorter than stem, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser and confluent towards apex and sides, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, sparsely to densely punctate. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures lunulate and irregular, moderate in size, striae frequently with 3–4 rows of punctures and grooves, costae well defined, frequently punctate. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, apical tooth oblique, apical and medial teeth closer to each than to basal tooth. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex rounded, flat, or slightly pointed. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vague to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites densely punctate; punctures small, bearing setae; sparsely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially; setae distributed along entire width of segment, moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, deeply to shallowly impressed; glabrous to moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish; apex frequently rounded in males, moderately pointed in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 13c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria sepulcralis is separated from the other species in the group based on the length of the antennal club being shorter than stem in both sexes, weakly raised apex of the clypeus, pronotum densely punctate, and form of the parameres. This species is highly variable in color (dark brown to black with variable green or violaceous reflections) and the extent of the pronotal cretaceous markings.</p> <p>Notes. Euphoria sepulcralis is frequently dark violaceous in Texas and northwestern Mexico (Fig. 13e). This morphotype was previously known as E. sepulcralis nitens Casey, 1915. Other than the different color, generally larger body size, and distribution, I cannot find any other character to justify this subspecies. Dark violaceous specimens are rare outside of Texas, but are nevertheless present. This is another example of a North American species that exhibits a darker color form in Texas populations (together with E. fulgida and E. kernii). The cause of this phenomenon is unknown to me. Specimens from Florida and the Cayman Islands were observed to be more coarsely punctate.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Fabricius (1801) described E. sepulcralis in Cetonia. Gory and Percheron (1833) described Cetonia reichi based on specimens from Mexico. Janson (1881) described a dark, mislabeled specimen from Guatemala as E. limatula. Casey described E. nitens, E. appalachia, E. scolopacea, E. oxysternum and four subspecies from the United States based primarily on coloration, body size, and geographic locality. Based on the study of 2,754 specimens, including the types, I place E. limatula and E. nitens in synonymy with E. sepulcralis.</p> <p>The misspelled version of the name “ E. sepulchralis ” was apparently used for the first time by Gory and Percheron (1833). The name was subsequently used by Blanchard (1850), Lacordaire (1856), Casey (1915), and other authors. The correct version of the name (E. sepulcralis) was used by Burmeister (1842), Harold (1869), Horn (1880), and Schenkling (1921).</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria sepulcralis is frequently collected in a variety of habitats. Adults have been collected on Acanthaceae: Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders; Aceraceae: Acer rubrum L. foliage; Agavaceae: Yucca sp.; Amaryllidaceae: Crinum americanum L.; Anacardiaceae: Mangifera indica L., Rhus copallina L., Rhus glabra L., Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi; Annonaceae: Asimina reticulata Chapm., Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal; Apiaceae: Anethum sp., Daucus carota L. flowers, Eryngium yuccifolium Michx., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Heracleum maximum Bartr., Oxypolis rigidior (L.), Pastinaca sativa (L.), Pimpinella anisum L., Sium suave Walt.; Apocynaceae: Allamanda sp., Apocynum floribundum Greene flowers; Araceae: Philodendron sp.; Araliaceae: Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull), Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms, Schefflera arboricola (Hayata) Merr. foliage; Arecaceae: Adonidia sp., Cocos nucifera L. fermenting wound, Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud., Pritchardia sp., Sabal palmetto flowers (Walt.), Serenoa repens (Bartr.), Veitchia merrillii (Becc.); Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias incarnata (L.); Asteraceae: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Aster lanceolatus (Willd.), Aster sp. blossom, Baccharis angustifolia Michx., Baccharis halimifolia L., Bidens bipinnata L., Bidens sp., Carduus ochrocentrum Greene, Carduus spinosissimus Walter, Cirsium odoratum (Muhl.), Cirsium vulgare Savi, Dahlia sp., Dendranthema x grandiflorum Kitam, Erigeron quercifolius Lam., Erigeron sp. flowers, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.), Eupatorium perfoliatum (L.), Eupatorium serotinum Michx., Flaveria linearis Lagasca, Helianthus sp., Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Kunth) Cabr., Solidago canadensis (L.), Solidago sp. flowers, Stokesia sp., Tagetes erecta L.; Bombacaceae: Bombax sp.; Brassicaceae: Brassica juncea (L.), Brassica oleracea L., Lobularia maritima (L.); Burseraceae: Bursera simaruba (L.); Cactaceae: Cereus sp. fruit, Opuntia sp.; Caprifoliaceae: Viburnum odoratissimum Ker. - Gawl.; Clusiaceae: Hypericum fasciculatum Lam.; Combretaceae: Bucida buceras L., Terminalia catappa L.; Convolvulaceae: Ipomoea batatas (L.); Cornaceae: Cornus sp.; Cyrillaceae: Cyrilla racemiflora L.; Ebenaceae: Diospyros sp.; Ericaceae: Ceratiola ericoides Michx.; Euphorbiaceae: Acalypha sp., Croton capitatus Michx., Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.; Fabaceae: Colvillea racemosa Crotalaria sp., Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.), Phaseolus lunatus L., Vigna unguiculata (L.); Fagaceae: Castanea mollissima Blume, Castanea pumila Mill., Quercus laevis Walt., Quercus laurifolia Michx., Quercus palustris Muenchh.; Ginkgoaceae: Ginkgo biloba L. stem; Juglandaceae: Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.); Lamiaceae: Physostegia sp.; Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill.; Lythraceae: Lagerstroemia indica L.; Magnoliaceae: Magnolia sp.; Malvaceae: Abelmoschus esculentus Moench, Alcea rosea L., Hibiscus elatus Sw., Hibiscus lasiocarpos Cav., Hibiscus rosasinensis L., Gossypium sp. blooms; Melanthiaceae: Zigadenus densus (Desr.); Moraceae: Ficus benjamina L., Ficus carica L. fruit, Ficus retusa L.; Musaceae: Musa sp.; Myrtaceae: Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.), Psidium guajava L.; Oleaceae: Fraxinus caroliniana Mill., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Ligustrum sinense Lour.; Onagraceae: Galpinsia hartwegi (Benth.), Ludwigia sp.; Orchidaceae: Cattleya sp., Dendrobium sp.; Oxylidaceae: Averrhoa carambola L.; Papaveraceae: Argemone platyceras Link and Otto; Pinaceae: Pinus clausa (Chapm.), Pinus elliottii Engelm.; Poaceae: Cenchrus sp., Cortaderia selloana (Schutt), Z. mays; Polygonaceae: Coccoloba uvifera (L.); Rhamnaceae: Ceanothus americanus L. flowers, Condalia obtusifolia (Hook.); Rosaceae: Aronia arbutifolia (L.), Crataegus sp., Malus domestica Borkh., Malus sp. decaying fruit, Prunus persica (L.), Pyracantha coccynea Roem, Pyrus communis L., Rosa sp., Rubus allegheniensis (Porter); Rubiaceae: Borreria sp., Spermacoce verticillata L.; Rutaceae: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.), Citrus limon (L.), Citrus reticula Blanco, Citrus sinensis (L.), Citrus x paradisi (L.), Fortunella margarita (Lour.), Xanthoxylum pterota Kunth, Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge); Salicaceae: Salix sp. sap flow; Sapindaceae: Litchi chinensis Sonn.; Scrophulariaceae: Penstemon cobaea Nutt.; Simaroubaceae: Simarouba glauca DC.; Solanaceae: Capsicum annuum L., Grossum sp., Lycopersicon esculentum Mill fruit, Solanum melongena L.; Staphyleaceae: Staphylea trifolia (L.); Verbenaceae: Lantana sp.; and Vitaceae: Vitis sp.</p> <p>In addition, adults have been found feeding on honey in bee hives, in bromeliads, and in millet (Thomas 1998). In a few instances, individuals were numerous enough to be considered pests in corn, onions, and other crops by homeowners (Halbert 1996).</p> <p>Adults have been attracted to baited and unbaited pitfall traps, sugar bait traps, fruit fly traps, Japanese beetle traps, molasses traps, flight intercept traps, sticky traps, and light traps. Landolt (1990) found adults were attracted to isopropyl alcohol, and Cherry and Klein (1992) found them attracted to various aromatic compounds. Habitats include deciduous forest, prairies, pine-oak forest, and sand flats.</p> <p>In temperate climates, the overwintering stage is the adult, emerging in the summer or fall and flying again the following spring (Hayes 1925; Ritcher 1945; Ratcliffe 1991; Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Adults were observed to be thanatotic when disturbed (Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008).</p> <p>Adults have been observed burrowing in cow manure, possibly looking for a place to oviposit. Hayes (1925) studied the life cycle of the species and described the eggs. The larval stage was found to last between 53–79 days and the pupal stage between 9–23 days. The larval stage was described by Ritcher (1945, 1966). Larvae have been found beneath dead sod or manure (Ritcher 1945), sandy soil containing oak roots and decaying oak leaves, nests of Geomys bursarius (Shaw), and feeding on roots of Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. (Poaceae) on a golf course (Buss 2004).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (2), February (32), March (126), April (346), May (649), June (214) July (98), August (145), September (364), October (110), November (13), December (16) (Fig. 13f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. The Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, northeastern Mexico, and eastern United States (Fig. 13g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (2,754). Type material: Cetonia reichi Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// sepulcralis/ F/ Reich GP/ Am. bor// Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Euphoria appalachia Casey, 1915; lectotype male at UNSM labeled “ Southern Pines /NC/ A. H. Manee // CASEY /bequest/1925// appalachia. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48679 // LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / appalachia Csy. /By A.R. Hardy/ 1978”, paralectotype male at UNSM labeled “N.E./U.S// CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48679// appalachia/Csy// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / appalachia Csy. /By A.R. Hardy ‘78”. Euphoria cuprascens Casey, 1915; holotype male at UNSM labeled “Medora, Ks./ W. Knaus// CASEY/bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48676// cuprascens/ Csy”. Euphoria crinitula Casey, 1915; holotype male at USNM labeled “ S. Ill// CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48678// crinitula/ Csy”. Euphoria sepulcralis floridana Casey, 1915; lectotype female at UNSM labeled “Jackson/ ville FLA// CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48677// floridana/ Csy// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria /sepulcralis/ floridana/ sy./By A.R. Hardy ‘78”; paralectotype male at USNM labeled “Palm beach/ Fla// CASEY/ bequest/1925// floridana. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48677// PARALECTOTYPE / E. sepulcralis / floridana Csy./ A.R. Hardy ‘78”. Euphoria sepulcralis kansana Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “Manhattan/ Ks// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// kansana. 3/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48675// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria /sepulcralis/ kansana Csy./By A.R. Hardy ‘78”; paralectotype male at USNM labeled “Manhattan/ Ks// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// kansana. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48675// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria /sepulcralis/ kansana Csy./By A.R. Hardy ‘78”. Euphoria sepulcralis nitens Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “melancholica/ Gory// CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48683// nitens/ Csy// Euphoria / nitens/ Casey// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / nitens Csy. / By A. R. Hardy 1978”; paralectotype male at USNM labeled “Tex// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// CASEY determ/ nitens – II// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / nitens”. Euphoria sepulcralis oxysternum Casey, 1915; holotype male at USNM labeled “Ind// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48681// oxysterna/ Csy”. Euphoria sepulcralis scolopacea Casey, 1915; lectotype female at USNM labeled “Black/ Mts NC// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// scolopacea/ Csy// TYPE USNM/ 48680// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / scolopacea/ CASEY = By/ A.R. Hardy”; paralectotype male at USNM labeled“ Southern Pines/ NC// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// scolopacea. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48680// PARALECTOTYPE ”. Other material: CAYMAN ISLANDS (5): GRAND CAYMAN. Boatswains Point (5). BAHAMAS (2): ELEUTHERA: Governor’ s Harbor (1); NEW PROVIDENCE: Coral Harbour (1). MEXICO (21): CHIHUAHUA: Anáhuac (1); NUEVO LEÓN: China (9), Monterrey (2); TAMAULIPAS: Ciudad Victoria (1), Gómez Farías (1), Matamoros (1); NO DATA: “ Mexico ” (6). USA (2,712): ALABAMA. Baldwin Co.: Fairhope (4); Clarke Co.: Salt Mountain (1); Cullman Co.: Cullman (1); Dallas Co.: Selma (1); Madison Co.: Huntsville (43); Mobile Co.: Delchamps (2), Grand Bay (1), Mobile (7), Whistler (1); Shelby Co.: Alabaster (1), Helena (1); Talladega Co.: Coleta (1); No data (13). ARKANSAS. Chicot Co.: Lake Village (1), no data (2); Crawford Co.: Lee Creek (1), Mountainburg (1); Hope-Hempstead Co.: Hope (4); Izard Co.: Horseshoe Bend (1); Lawrence Co.: Imboden (1); Miller Co.: Fouke (1), Texarkana (2); Mississippi Co.: Neal (4); Ouachita Co.: Shumaker (1), Pulaski Co.: Little Rock (1); Washington Co.: Fayetteville (7), no data (2); No data: “Ark” (5). DELAWARE. New Castle Co.: Wilmington (1); Sussex Co.: Rehoboth (2). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Rock Creek Park (22), Washington (24), Woodridge (1), no data (13). FLORIDA. Alachua Co.: Arredondo (2), Gainesville (50), no data (2); Broward Co.: Fort Lauderdale (3); Charlotte Co.: Murdock (2), Punta Gorda (6), Pt. Charlotte (6); Clay Co.: Green Cove (1); Collier Co.: Marco Island (7); Columbia Co.: Lake City (1); Dade Co.: Homestead (4); Duval Co.: Jacksonville (2); Dixie Co.: Oldtown (1); Jefferson Co.: Monticello (1); Gadsden Co.: Quincy (20), Gilchrist Co.: No data (1); Hardee Co.: Bowling Green (6), Zolfo Springs (1); Hendry Co.: LaBelle (1); Highlands Co.: Lake Placid (Archbold Biological Station) (38), Sebring (2), no data (1); Hillsborough Co.: Tampa (1); Indian River Co.: Vero Beach (2); Lake Co.: Tavares (1); Lee Co.: Buck Key (1), Fort Myers (27), Lehigh Acres (9), Olga (1), Sanibel Island (3); Liberty Co.: No data (1); Levy Co.: Chiefland (3); Manatee Co.: Bradenton (2), Mariposa Key (1); Miami- Dade Co.: Coconut Grove (3), Coral Gables (13), Cutler (4), Key Biscayne (1), Lemon City (1), Miami (186), Naranja (3), Silver Palm (4), no data (8); Monroe Co.: Big Coppitt Key (6), Big Pine Key (10), Key Largo (2), Key West (2), Islamorada (1), Stock Island (11); Nassau Co. Fernandina Beach (3); Orange Co.: Lake Buena Vista (2), Orlando (13); Osceola Co.: Osceola (1); Palm Beach Co.: Palm Beach (3), Jupiter (9); Pinellas Co.: Fort Desoto State Park (1); Polk Co.: Avon park (1), Babson Park (1), Lake Marion Estates (1), Lakeland (2); Pinellas Co.: Anona (1), Paradise Key (1); Polk Co.: Davenport (1); Putnam Co.: Crescent City (1), Ordway Preserve (2), Palatka (4); St. Johns Co.: St. Augustine (1); St. Lucie Co.: Fort Capron (3); Sarasota Co.: Englewood (5), Laurel (4), North Port (16), Sarasota (1); Sumter Co.: Tarrytown (1); Volusia Co.: Enterprise (2), Holly Hill (1), South Daytona (7); Walton Co.: De Funiak Springs (1); No data: Florida (12); GEORGIA. Berrien Co.: Nashville (1); Charlton Co.: Saint George (1); Chatham Co.: Savannah (4), Tybee Island (1); Cobb Co.: Kennesaw Mt. (3), no data (1); Coweta Co.: Madras (9); Crawford Co.: Gaillard (1); DeKalb Co.: Stone Mountain (8); Emanuel Co.: Swainsboro (2); Fulton Co.: Atlanta (3); Grady Co.: Beachton (1); Glynn Co.: Brunswick (1); Lamar Co.: Barnesville (2); McIntosh Co.: Sapelo Island (1); Murray Co.: Chatsworth (1); Muscogee Co.: Columbus (1); Pike Co.: Zebulon (1); Spalding Co.: Experiment (1), Griffin (1); Thomas Co.: Thomasville (1); Upson Co.: The Rock (3), Yatesville (1); White Co.: Unicoi State Park (1), no data (1). ILLINOIS. Clay Co.: No data (1); Champaign Co.: Champaign (2); Hamilton Co.: Broughton (2), Mcleansboro (5); Hardin Co.: Herod (1); Johnson Co.: Goreville (1); Jackson Co.: Carbondale (1); Kankakee Co.: Momence (1); Mason Co.: Sand Ridge State Forest (1), Topeka (1); Tazewell Co.: Tremont (1); Washington Co.: Du Bois (1), no data (15); Williamson Co.: Crab Orchard (1), no data: “South Illinois ” (1). INDIANA. Clark Co.: Borden (3); Clay Co.: Ashboro (5); Jasper Co.: No data (1); Knox Co.: No data (9); Lake Co.: Hessville (5); Laporte Co.: No data (1); Montgomery Co.: Crawfordsville (2); Parke Co.: No data (1); Pulaski Co.: No data (1); Starke Co.: North Judson (1); Spencer Co.: Hammond (1); Sullivan Co.: Sullivan (1); Tippecanoe Co.: Lafayette (1), no data (3); Vigo Co.: Terre Haute (1), no data: “Ind. Ter.” (1). IOWA. Fremont Co.: Hamburg (1). KANSAS. Barber Co.: No data (1); Butler Co.: Beaumont (1); Clark Co: Englewood (1); Douglas Co.: Lawrence (4), Lone Star Lake (1); Franklin Co.: No data (2); Kiowa Co. Belvidere (1); Labette Co.: Oswego (18); Neosho Co.: No data (1); Osage Co.: Carbondale (1); Pottawatomie Co.: No data (3); Reno Co.: Medora (4); Riley Co.: Manhattan (4), no data (26); Sedgwick Co.: Mount Hope (2), Wichita (1); Shawnee Co.: Topeka (2); Sumner Co.: Wellington (2); Waubaunsee Co.: Eskridge (4); Wilson Co.: Benedict (2). KENTUCKY. Boyd Co.: Ashland (3); Clark Co.: No data (1); Daviess Co.: Owensboro (2); Harlan Co.: Black Mountain (1), Hart Co.: Hardyville (16); Henderson Co.: Henderson (1); Lawrence Co.: Louisa (1); Louisville-Jefferson Co.: Louisville (1); Madison Co.: Berea (1); Rockcastle Co.: Livingston (2); Rowan Co.: Farmers (2); Todd Co.: Guthrie (1), no data: “K.Y.” (4). LOUISIANA. Acadia Pa.: Crowley (1); Avoyelles Pa.: Marksville (4); Caddo Pa.: Shreveport (12); East Baton Rouge Pa.: Baton Rouge (4); Evangeline Pa.: Chataignier (2); Iberville Pa.: No data (4); Landry Pa.: Sunset (1); Orleans Pa.: New Orleans (5); Madison Pa.: Mound (1), Tallulah (2), no data (1); Rapides Pa.: Alexandria (1); Saint Charles Pa.: Saint Rose (1); Saint Martin Pa.: Morgan City (1); Saint Mary Pa.: Berwick (1); Saint Tammany Pa.: Covington (4); Tangipahoa Pa.: Ponchatoula (1), no data (1); No data (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Annapolis (1), Laurel (1), Odenton (1), no data (2); Baltimore Co.: Catonsville (6); Calvert Co.: Chesapeake Beach (4); Charles Co.: Bryantown (1), Marshall Hall (1), Nanjemoy (1); Kent Co.: Chestertown (2); Montgomery Co.: Cabin John (1), Germantown (1), Glen Echo (1), Great Falls (1), Plummers Island (2); Prince George Co.: Bladensburg (3), Beltsville (8), Bowie (1), Camp Springs (1), College Park (20), Hyattsville (3), Lakeland (9); Talbot Co.: Easton (1); Washington Co.: Hagerstown (1), Hancock (4); Wicomico Co.: Nutters Neck (2); Worcester Co.: Snow Hill (1); No data (13). MISSISSIPPI. Adams Co.: Natchez (3); Choctaw Co.: Tombigbee National Forest (1), Harrison Co.: Handsboro; Hinds Co.: Bolton (1), Jackson (3); George Co.: Lucedale (2); Harrison Co.: Handsboro (2); Jackson Co.: Ocean Springs (1); Jones Co.: Laurel (1); Lamar Co.: Purvis (1); Lee Co.: Saltillo (3); Marshall Co.: Holly Springs (4); Oktibbeha Co.: Starkville (1), Tippah Co: “At Alcorn Co. Line on 72” (1), no data: “Southern Mississippi ” (1). MISSOURI. Barry Co.: Roaring River State Park (1); Boone Co.: Columbia (6); Buchanan Co.: San Antonio (1); Cape Girardeau Co.: Cape Girardeau (7); Christian Co.: Keltner (1); Clair Co.: Osceola (1); Daviess Co.: Gallatin (1); Franklin Co.: Meramet State Park (1), New Haven (1); Greene Co.: Willard (1); Jackson Co.: No data (3); Jasper Co.: Joplin (1); Iron Co.: Graniteville (1); Mississippi Co.: Charleston (1); New Madrid Co.: New Madrid (4); Newton Co.: No data (1); Ozark Co.: Caney Mountain (2); Saint Louis Co.: Gray Summit (6), Kirkwood (1), Overland (1), Ranken (1), Saint Louis (14); Shannon Co.: Birch Tree (1); Stone Co.: Red Rock Creek (1); Texas Co.: Cabool (4), Mountain Grove (1); Wright Co.: Mountain Grove (3), no data: “ Missouri ” (2). NEBRASKA. Adams Co.: No data (1); Cass Co.: Platte River State Park (1); Hall Co.: Wood River (6 mi. S) (1); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Keya Paha Co.: Jamison (1); Lancaster Co.: Lincoln (2), no data (7); Nemaha Co.: Indian Cave State Park (1); Pawnee Co.: Prairie Knoll (2); Richardson Co.: Camp Cornhusker (2), Indian Cave State Park (8), Rulo (1), no data (5). NEW JERSEY. Burlington Co.: Upper Mill (1); Camden Co.: Clementon (1); Cumberland Co.: Rutgers Experimental Station (2), Vineland (1); Gloucester Co.: Glassboro (1); Ocean Co.: Bamber Lake (1), Lakehurst (7), Ocean City (1), Warren Grove (1); Passaic Co.: Midvale (2) No data: “N.J.” (3). NEW YORK. New York Co.: New York (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Alleghany Co.: Ennice (1); Buncombe Co.: Asheville (8); Carteret Co.: Bogue Island (1); Dare Co.: Frisco (1), Nags Head (1); Franklin Co.: Louisburg (1); Gaston Co.: Crowders Mountain State Park (1); Harnett Co.: Dunn (1); Haywood Co.: Balsam (1), Canton (1), Mount Guyot (1), Retreat (1), Sunburst (3); Hereford Co.: No data (1); Jackson Co.: Balsam (20), Dillsboro (1); Johnston Co.: Clayton (1); Macon Co.: Highlands (2); Mecklenburg Co.: Charlotte (1), Mooresville (1); Moore Co.: Southern Pines (11); Randolph Co.: Asheboro (1); Rowan Co.: Salisbury (3); Tyrrell Co.: Columbia (1); Wake Co.: Raleigh (3); Wilson Co.: Wilson (1), no data: “Church IA” (1). OHIO. Adams Co.: Cedar Falls (2); Athens Co.: Athens (4); Butler Co.: Oxford (2); Carroll Co.: No data (1); Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati (1); Hocking Co.: No data (1); Meigs Co.: No data (1); Muskingum Co.: Roseville (1); No data: “ Ohio ” (1). OKLAHOMA. Blaine Co.: Bridgeport (1); Canadian Co.: El Reno (18); Carter Co.: Ardmore (7); Comanche Co.: Lawton (4), Fort Sill (1), Wichita Mountains (2), no data (2); Craig Co.: Centralia (1); Ellis Co.: Arnett (1), Shattuck (1); Garfield Co.: No data (3); Garvin Co.: Paoli (1); Grady Co.: Tuttle (3); Logan Co.: Guthrie (6), Mulhall (1); Marshall Co.: Willis (3); McIntosh Co.: Eufaula (1); Oklahoma Co.: Oklahoma City (5); Payne Co.: Coyle (1), Ripley (1), Stillwater (4), no data (7); Sequoyah Co.: Sallisaw (1); Texas Co.: Optima (1); Woodward Co.: Woodward (1), no data (1); No data: “Chateau” (1), “Mefrimec” (1). PENNSYLVANNIA. Allegheny Co.: Mount Lebanon (1); Bedford Co.: No data (5); Chester Co.: Downingtown (1); Clyde Co.: No data (1); Cumberland Co.: Newville (12); Delaware Co. Broomall (1); Fayette Co.: Uniontown (1); Franklin Co.: Chambersburg (1); Lancaster Co.: Lime Rock (1); Union Co.: Lewisburg (2); Westmoreland Co.: Jeannette (1); York Co.: York (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Aiken Co.: Aiken (1), White Pond (1); Beaufort Co.: Bluffton (3), Charleston Co.: Charleston (17), Clarendon Co.: Gable (1), Pocotaligo (1), Saint Paul (2), no data (1); Colleton Co.: Walterboro (2); Florence Co.: Florence (5); Georgetown Co.: Georgetown (1), Sampit (1); Jasper Co.: Ridgeland (2); Lee Co.: Meredith (45), Rosehill (1); Oconee Co.: Seneca (1), Walhalla (314); Pickens Co.: Clemson (13), Six Mile (1); No data: “ South Carolina ” (3). TENNESSEE. Campbell Co.: Stinking Creek (1); Chester Co.: Henderson (4); Cumberland Co.: Black Mountain (1), Grassy Cove (1); Clarksville-Montgomery Co.: Clarksville (6); Davidson Co.: Nashville (8); Grainger Co.: Elm Springs (3); Haywood Co.: Brownsville (49); Hardeman Co.: Bolivar (1); Knox Co.: Fountain City (1); Lawrence Co.: David Crockett State Park (1); Madison Co.: Jackson (8); Morgan Co.: Burrville (5), Deer Lodge (2); Putnam Co: Baxter (6); Roane Co.: Harriman (17); Rutherford Co.: Murfreesboro (7); Shelby Co.: Memphis (1), no data (2); Trousdale Co.: Hartsville (1); Warren Co.: McMinnville (2); Weakley Co.: Dresden (1); Williamson Co.: Spring Hill (1); No data: “ Tennessee ” (2). TEXAS. Archer Co.: No data (1); Anderson Co.: Tennessee Colony (5); Atascosa Co.: Campbellton (65); Bastrop Co.: “Stengall Ranch” (1); Bexar Co.: San Antonio (22), Somerset (13), Stone Oak (2); Brazoria Co.: Alvin (3); Brazos Co.: Bryan Air Force Base (9), College Station (6), no data (1); Bowie Co.: Texarkana (1); Burleson Co.: Caldwell (1); Cameron Co.: Brownsville (23), Port Isabel (1); Carson Co.: Panhandle (1); Brooks Co.: Falfurrias (1); Cass Co.: Atlanta (1); Camp Co.: Pittsburg (2); Kleburg Co.: Ricardo (1); Colorado Co.: Columbus (2), Rock Island (20), no data (46); Comal Co.: Bulverde (2), New Braunfels (7), no data (3); Cooke Co.: Gainesville (3) Lake Ray Roberts (2); Dallas Co.: Dallas (6); DeWitt Co.: Cuero (2), Nordheim (1); Dimmit Co.: Catarina (4), no data (1); Duval Co.: Benavides (1), Freer (3), San Diego (6); Fannin Co.: Ladonia (2); Frio Co.: Dilley (1); Goliad Co.: No data (1); Harris Co.: Hockley (2); Hidalgo Co.: Hidalgo (1), Mercedes (1), no data (7); Jack Co.: Antelope (1); Jackson Co.: Ganado (16); Jasper Co.: Jasper (1); Jefferson Co.: Beaumont (2); Jim Wells Co.: Alice (3); Karnes Co.: Ecleto (11), Runge (7); Kleberg Co.: Kingsville (8), Ricardo (2); La Salle Co.: Cotulla (5); Leon Co.: Oakwood (2); McMullen Co.: Tilden (1); Medina Co.: Castroville (1), Hondo (2); Montague Co.: Forestburg (26); Nacogdoches Co.: Nacogdoches (5); Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi (5), Robstown (2); Rusk Co.: Henderson (1); San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus Christi (1), Mathis (10), Sinton (3), Welder Wildlife Foundation (2); Shelby Co.: Center (4); Starr Co.: El Sauz (8), Grande City (1), no data (8); Tarrant Co.: Arlington (1), Handley (6); Taylor Co.: Taylor (1); Travis Co.: Austin (13), no data (1); Victoria Co.: Victoria (14); Uvalde Co.: Concan (1), Uvalde (2); Val Verde Co.: Del Rio (2); Webb Co.: Aguilares (2), Laredo (26), no data (1); Wheeler Co.: Shamrock (1); Wichita Co.: Burkburnett (1); Zavala Co.: Crystal City (1); No data: “Shoal Creek” (1), “ Texas ” (64). VIRGINIA. Albemarle Co.: Charlottesville (1), Spring Hill (1); Alex Co.: Barcroft (1), no data (2); Alexandria Co.: Hunting Creek (1); Arlington Co.: Alexandria (1), Arlington (6), Four Mile Run (1), Glencarlyn (2); Chesterfield Co.: Pocahontas State Park (1); Bath Co.: Hot Springs (1); Essex Co.: Tappahannock (2); Fairfax Co.: Ash Grove (1), Black Pond (1), Jefferson (1), Fairfax (1), Great Falls (1), Holmes Run Park (1), Hunter (1), Mount Vernon (1),Vienna (1), no data (1); Fauquier Co.: No data (3); James City Co.: Springhill (2); Loudoun Co.: Leesburg (10), Middleburg (1); Madison Co.: Madison (1); Montgomery Co.: No data (3); Nansemond Co.: Cypress Chapel (1); Nelson Co.: Afton (1), no data (15); Norfolk Co.: Norfolk (10); Prince William Co.: Bristow (3), Occoquan (1); Virginia Co.: Falls Church (22); No data: “ Virginia ” (2). WISCONSIN. Green Co.: Albany (1). WEST VIRGINIA. Greenbrier Co.: White Sulphur Springs (7); Kanawha Co.: Kanawha (2); Lewis Co.: Jackson’ s Mill (1); Logan Co.: Peach Creek (4), Monroe Co.: Slaty Mountain Preserve (1); Racine Co.: Racine (3). NO DATA: “Cherokee” (1), no data (14).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D503B24D861A4179EA51FEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D505B24285F44134EB0EFE66.text	F449F723D505B24285F44134EB0EFE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria yucateca Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria yucateca Bates, 1889 revised status</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 14)</p> <p>Euphoria yucateca Bates 1889: 365. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001). Eight paralectotypes at BMNH, one examined. As a synonym of “ E. sepulcralis leucographa ” by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Euphoria submetallica Casey 1915: 319. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 316). Length 10.6–12.8 mm; width 6.1–7.8 mm. Color: Surface shiny, light brown, dark brown, or black, with variable greenish or reddish reflections. Pronotum with whitish, cretaceous band on lateral margin. Elytra with small to moderate, cretaceous, reniform, vermiform, or irregular markings; markings whitish to yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, metacoxae, and sides of abdominal sternites frequently with cretaceous markings; markings variable in size, reniform, vermiform, or irregular in shape. Pygidium variably covered by tomentum, frequently with 2 markings frequently at each side. Head: Frons densely punctate, punctures moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish; vague longitudinal ridge present at times. Clypeal surface moderately densely to densely punctate to punctatostrigate; punctures moderate, round, coalescent, sparsely to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long; clypeus subquadrate, weakly reduced anteriorly, sides strongly to weakly raised, lateral declivity weakly to strongly developed; apex weakly to moderately reflexed in both sexes, apex truncate in dorsal view, vaguely to moderately sinuate in frontal view. Antennal club slightly shorter than stem in males, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface sparsely punctate; punctures small, round to lunulate, denser and confluent towards apex and sides, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, rarely with a few moderate punctures bearing setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of grooves, lunulate punctures, and irregular punctures; punctures moderate in size; costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, basal tooth frequently subobsolete in males. Metatibial carina moderately developed into 1–2 short to moderate spines. Metatibiae vaguely to weakly expanded apically, internal metatibial spur slightly thicker in females Venter: Mesometasternal process extended beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded to truncate. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to weakly evident. Abdominal sternites densely punctate, punctures small; sparsely to moderately densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Abdomen flat in males, flat or slightly convex in females. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, deeply to shallowly impressed, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 14c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group based on the shorter, moderately reflexed clypeus, antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes, sparsely punctate pronotum, mostly impunctate scutellum, males without abdominal longitudinal depression, and form of the parameres. Specimens from Colombia and Venezuela were previously considered to be E. lurida but are here included in this species. Euphoria yucateca is separated from E. lurida based on the sparsely punctate pronotum and the pronotum with one cretaceous lateral band. This hypothesis is consistent with the geographic distribution observed for both species. Orozco (2012) misidentified E. yucateca as E. limatula (Appendix 5).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Janson (1881) described E. limatula based on a mislabeled, dark specimen of E. sepulcralis from Guatemala. Bates (1889) recorded E. limatula from Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and southwestern Yucatán (Mexico) and, aware of the differences between this and the specimens he had from northern Yucatán, described E. yucateca. Casey (1915) described E. submetallica from a female specimen collected in Natá, Panama. Hardy (2001) listed all three species as synonyms of Euphoria sepulcralis leucographa. Based on the revision of the types, I here reinstate E. yucateca as a valid species and include E. submetallica as a synonym.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been taken in fruit traps, light traps, rotting mangos, corn, and cotton. Specimens have been collected from sea level to 1,580 m in a wide variety of habitats including urban areas. This is the most frequently collected species of Euphoria in the area of distribution.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (30), June (38), July (89), August (62), September (15), October (11), November (12), December (4) (Fig. 14e). Solís (2004) reported the species being present year-round in Costa Rica, and I suspect this is true for the entire area of distribution.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Euphoria yucateca is found from southern Mexico to Colombia (Fig. 14f). Reyes and Morón (2005) recorded the species as common in Yucatán, Mexico.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (316). Type material: Euphoria yucateca Bates, 1889; lectotype at BMMH labeled “Temax,/ N. Yucatan /Gaumer// B.C.A., Col., II(2)/ Euphoria / yucateca// SYN-/ TYPE// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / yucateca/ Bates =By/ A. R. Hardy”; paralectotype male at BMNH labeled “PARA-/LECTO-/TYPE// SYN-/TYPE// Temax,/ N. Yucatan,/ Gaumer// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria / yucateca// PARALECTOTYPE ”. Euphoria submetallica Casey, 1915; holotype female at USNM labeled “Natá/ Coclé/ Panama // CASEY/bequest/1925// TYPE USNM/ 48682// submetallica/ Csy// Euphoria / submetallica/ Casey”. Other material: BELIZE (3): COROZAL: Santa Elena (23 km E) (1); ORANGE WALK: Gallon Jug (1), Rio Bravo Conservation Area (1). COLOMBIA (13): ATLÁNTICO: Barranquilla (6); CESAR: Aguachica (1), Valledupar (1); GUAJIRA: Maicao (1); MAGDALENA: Santa Marta (1); NORTE DE SANTANDER: Ocaña (3). COSTA RICA (92): ALAJUELA: Alajuela (3); CARTAGO: Turrialba (1); GUANACASTE: Cañas (47), El Potrero (1), Hacienda Palo Verde (5), Liberia (7), Parque Nacional Guanacaste (1), Taboga (6), Tilarán (5 Km W) (2), no data (1); SAN JOSÉ: San José (2); NO DATA: Costa Rica (14). EL SALVADOR (17): CABAÑAS: Cinquera (6); CUSCATLÁN: El Rosario (2); LA LIBERTAD: Santa Tecla (3); SAN MIGUEL: San Jacinto (1), San Miguel (20 Km W) (2); SAN SALVADOR: San Salvador (3). GUATEMALA (25): ALTA VERAPAZ: El Rancho (46 km N) (1); BAJA VERAPAZ: Chilasco (9 Km W) (1), San Jerónimo (1); EL PROGRESO: San Agustín Acasaguatlán (1); GUATEMALA: Guatemala (1); JALAPA: Jalapa (1); SUCHITEPÉQUEZ: Patulul (13); PETÉN: Sayaxché (1), Tikal (1); ZACAPA: Zacapa (1), no data (2). NO DATA: “Guatemala” (1). HONDURAS (80): ATLÁNTIDA: La Ceiba (2); CHOLUTECA: Pespire (2); COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (7), Forestry School (8), Siguatepeque (30), Taulabé (1); COPÁN: Copán (1); CORTÉS: San Pedro Sula (1); EL PARAÍSO: Yuscarán (2); FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Cedros (1), El Zamorano (6), Tegucigalpa (5); LA PAZ: Valle de Comayagua (2), no data (9); OCOTEPEQUE: Peña Blanca (2); OLANCHO: El Carrizal (1). MEXICO (52): CHIAPAS: Bochil (5), Ixtapa (1), Musté (9), Palenque (1), San Cristóbal de las Casas (1); QUINTANA ROO: Chichén Itzá (1), Nuevo Xcan (5), Tulum (1); TABASCO: Cárdenas (1); YUCATÁN: Chichén Itzá (1), Mérida (3), Pisté (13), Temax (5), no data (4), “Narol” (1). NICARAGUA (25): CARAZO: San Marcos (1); LEÓN: La Calera (5); GRANADA: Namdaime (4 km NW) (1), Volcán Mombacho (1); MADRIZ: Somoto (1); MANAGUA: Bolonia (1), Laguna de Xiloa (13), Managua (2). PANAMA (2): CHIRIQUÍ: Los Planes (5 km N) (2). VENEZUELA (2): FALCÓN: Pueblo Nuevo de Paraguaná (2). NO DATA (2): “N. Granad” (1), Sigmat. Xong. (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D505B24285F44134EB0EFE66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D50AB24386084266EA09FE76.text	F449F723D50AB24386084266EA09FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria fulgida Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria fulgida Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 1s–y)</p> <p>Species in this group are distinguished by having a shiny surface, greenish to violaceous coloration, impunctate scutellum, males with antennal club longer than stem, sides of abdomen weakly to strongly ridged, mesotarsal length sexually dimorphic (as long as or longer than mesotibiae in males, shorter in females), abdomen of males at middle with weak to deep, medial, longitudinal depression, and distinctive male genitalia. All species in this group are of northern distribution, being present in the United States and northern and central Mexico.</p> <p>Composition. There are three species included in this group: E. fulgida (F.), E. limbalis Fall, and E. monticola Bates.</p> <p>K EY TO THE SPECIES OF THE FULGIDA SPECIES- G ROUP</p> <p>1. Body unicolored, entirely dark green or violaceous (Fig. 17a, d). Abdominal sternites laterally rounded or weakly ridged..................................... E. monticola Bates (p. 45)</p> <p>1′. Body bright green, yellowish green, or reddish, frequently bicolored. Abdominal sternites strongly ridged laterally.......................2</p> <p>2. Antennal club shorter than length of head in males. Pronotum at middle with small punctures, giving pronotum a polished appearance (Fig. 15a, d, e)........... E. fulgida (F.) (p. 42)</p> <p>2′. Antennal club as long as or longer than length of head in males. Pronotum at middle with moderate-sized punctures, giving pronotum a coarse appearance (Fig. 16a, d, e)................................................ E. limbalis Fall (p. 44)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO FULGIDA</p> <p>1. Cuerpo unicoloreado, enteramente verde oscuro o violáceo (Fig. 17a, d). Esternitos abdominales redondeados lateralmente o ligeramente aquillados...................................... E. monticola Bates (p. 45)</p> <p>1′. Cuerpo verde brillante, verde-amarillento o rojizo, frecuentemente bicoloreado. Esternitos abdominales fuertemente aquillados.............2</p> <p>2. Maza antenal de los machos más corta que la longitud de la cabeza. Pronoto medialmente con punteaduras pequeñas, dándole una apariencia pulida (Fig. 15a, d, e)..... E. fulgida (F.) (p. 42)</p> <p>2′. Maza antenal de las machos tan o más larga que la longitud de la cabeza.Pronoto medialmente con punteaduras medianas, dándole una apariencia rugosa (Fig. 16a, d, e)...... E. limbalis Fall (p. 44)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D50AB24386084266EA09FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D50BB24185E64276EC6EFC0D.text	F449F723D50BB24185E64276EC6EFC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria fulgida (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Euphoria fulgida (F., 1775)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 15)</p> <p>Cetonia fulgida Fabricius 1775: 48. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype not located.</p> <p>Euphoria fuscocyanea Casey 1915: 303. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 771). Length 12.1–17.1 mm; width 7.1–10.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny. Head and pronotum light to dark green; pronotum with yellowish to yellowish brown, lateral band. Elytra yellowish brown, light green, dark green, violaceous, reddish, dark blue, or a combination of these colors; posterior half frequently with small, cretaceous markings. Pygidium and venter, including legs, frequently bicolored. Pygidium frequently with 2–4 irregularly rounded, cretaceous markings on anterior half. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures round, small to moderate, frequently confluent; glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish; with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by weak to moderate ridge. Clypeus subquadrate to subrectangular, moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round, small; glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute to short, yellowish. Lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, weakly arcuate to subparallel, apex weakly to moderately reflexed, apex truncate in dorsal view, weakly to moderately sinuate in frontal view. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round and small in middle, lunulate and moderate in size laterally; punctation denser towards sides. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex variably rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate to moderately large in anterior half, irregular, coalescent, and moderate to moderately large in posterior half. Costae obsolete in anterior half, subobsolete in posterior half. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Elytral surface frequently with medial, transverse depression. Pygidium: Surface strongly umbonate, concentrically striate, moderately densely to densely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth occasionally subobsolete in males. Mesotibial carina sometimes developed into 1–2 sharp, short spines. Venter: Mesometasternal process well developed, extended anteriorly beyond mesocoxae, glabrous, apex evenly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae moderately densely to densely setose, setae moderate. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metepisterna frequently with cretaceous markings. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites with cretaceous markings laterally, sides of abdomen strongly ridged; abdomen of males at middle with deep, longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 15c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria fulgida is distinguished by the bright coloration, subquadrate clypeus, antennal club shorter than head in males, pronotum finely punctate at middle, impunctate scutellum, strongly developed mesometasternal process, strongly ridged abdominal sternites, and the male genitalia.</p> <p>Notes. This species is found in two color forms with some intermediates. The most common color is shown in Fig. 15a and occurs throughout the species range. Figure 15d represents the second color form, commonly found in Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, and occasionally Iowa.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Fabricius (1775) described E. fulgida in the genus Cetonia. Burmeister (1842) created the genus Erirhipis and placed E. fulgida in it. Lacordaire (1856) moved it to the genus Euryomia together with all other American Cetoniini and some Old World species. Casey (1915) listed the species in his “Group I (fulgida)” and made Erirhipi s a subgenus of Euphoria. In addition, he described E. fuscocyanea based on a female specimen from Texas. Lastly, Hardy (2001) erroneously placed E. holochloris and E. limbalis as subspecies of E. fulgida. After the examination of 771 specimens, including the types, I conclude E. fuscocyanea is conspecific with E. fulgida and place it in synonymy.</p> <p>Hardy (2001) listed “ Scarabaeus turchesinus Voet 1778 ” as a synonym of E. fulgida. Nevertheless, “ Scarabaeus turchesinus ” is not available since Voet did not use binomial nomenclature consistently in this work (Art. 11.4, ICZN 1999).</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been captured on Quercus sp., Viburnum sp. flowers, Crataegus sp. blossoms, C. pumila, Drymocallis lactea (Greene) (Rosaceae), Dasylirion sp. (Ruscaceae), and feeding on apples. Hayes (1925) recorded the species feeding on the sap of Quercus sp., pollen and nectar of Cornus sp., Rhus sp., and “thistle”. In Wisconsin, adults were collected in flight intercept traps and flying through a “sandy oak savanna” site (Kriska and Young 2002).</p> <p>Hayes (1925) studied the life cycle and described the eggs. In laboratory conditions, the winter was spent as a “prepupa”, reaching the pupal stage the following spring. The larval stage was found to last between 98–156 days and the pupal stage lasted between 19–25 days. The third instar was described by Ritcher (1945, 1966).</p> <p>Adults have been observed flying over pineoak forest floor and have been attracted to red wine and sugar traps. As true for many cetoniines, adults are known to become thanatotic when disturbed. In Nebraska, the species has been found most frequently flying above and feeding on Cornus sp. in early June (Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). The species occurs between 240–2,200 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. March (2), April (29), May (129), June (308), July (104), August (16), September (3), November (3) (Fig. 15f).</p> <p>Distribution. Euphoria fulgida is found in Ontario, Canada and in the eastern half of the United States (Fig. 15g). McNamara (1991) recorded the species also from Quebéc, Canada.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (771). Type material: Euphoria fuscocyanea Casey, 1915; holotype female at UNSM labeled “Tex.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48666// fuscocyanea/ Csy// Euphoria / fuscocyanea/ Erirhipis / Casey Coll.”. Other material: CANADA (3): ONTARIO. Haliburton Co.: Minden Hills (1), Muskoka District Municipality: Honey Harbour (2). USA (756): ALABAMA. Houston Co.: No data (4); Madison Co.: Huntsville (4); Montgomery Co.: Hunter (1); Morgan Co.: Decatur (2); Shelby Co.: Alabaster (2). ARKANSAS. Benton Co.: Bentonville (1); Sharp Co.: Ash Flat (1). COLORADO. El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (3). CONNECTICUT. Fairfield Co.: Stamford (4); Litchfield Co.: New Hartford (1); New London Co.: Lyme (3); No data (1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington (10). FLORIDA. Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park (1); Wakulla Co.: Saint Marks National Wildlife Refuge (1). GEORGIA. Decatur Co.: Faceville (1); Dekalb Co.: Stone Mountain (1); Floyd Co.: Mount Berry (1); Lumpkin Co.: Dahlonega (1); Rabun Co.: Mountain City (1); Union Co.: Vogel State Park (1). ILLINOIS. Adams Co.: Kingston (1); Cook Co.: Palos Park (4), Riverside (1), Willow Springs (2); Kankakee Co.: Bourbonnais (1); Union Co.: La Rue Pine Hills Ecological Area (1); Saline Co.: Harrisburg (2); Will Co.: Crete (2); No data: (1). INDIANA. Clark Co.: Borden (1), Clark State Forest (1); Lawrence Co.: No data (2); Orange Co.: Orleans (1); Parke Co.: Turkey Run State Park (1). IOWA. Decatur Co.: Lamoni (1); Johnson Co.: Iowa City (8); Story Co.: Ames (3), Woodbury Co.: Sioux City (1). KANSAS. Chautauqua Co.: No data (1); Cherokee Co.: Columbus (1); Doniphan Co.: Troy (2); Douglas Co.: Breidenthal Reserve (1); Labette Co.: Oswego (12); Rice Co.: No data (1); Riley Co.: Manhattan (1); No data (25). KENTUCKY. Edmonson Co.: Bee Spring (1), Mammoth Cave National Park (1); Green Co.: Crail Hope (1); Louisville-Jefferson Co.: Louisville (3). LOUISIANA. Cameron Pa.: Cameron Farm (1); Grant Pa.: Pollock (1). MAINE. Oxford Co.: Kezar Falls (1). MARYLAND. Allegany Co.: Pratt (1), no data (2); Baltimore Co.: Catonsville (1); Dorchester Co.: Pawpaw (1); Frederick Co.: Frederick (1); Garrett Co.: Keysers Ridge (5), Oakland (1); Montgomery Co.: Glen Echo (1), Plummers Island (1); Prince George Co.: Beltsville (1), Bowie (1), Camp Springs (1), College Park (1); Washington Co.: Sandy Hook (1); No data: (2). MASSACHUSETTS. Essex Co.: Saugus (1); Hampden Co.: Chicopee (1); Middlesex Co.: Framingham (2); Norfolk Co.: Dedham (1), Milton (1); Suffolk Co.: Forest Hills (1). MICHIGAN. Allegan Co.: Saugatuck (1); Cheboygan Co.: Douglas Lake (2); Kent Co.: No data (1); Ingham Co.: Okemos (1); Livingston Co.: George Reserve (11); Marquette Co.: Huron Mountain Club (3), no data (1); Oakland Co.: No data (1); Oceana Co.: Pentwater (1); Ottawa Co.: Holland (1), Lake Macatawa (9); Saint Joseph Co.: Cam Fort Hill (1), Klinger Lake (1); Shiawassee Co.: No data (1); Washtenaw Co.: Ann Arbor (1), no data (1); Wayne Co.: Detroit (2); No data: “McIver”(1); Wexford Co.: Manistee National Forest (1). MINNESOTA. Anoka Co.: No data (1); Chisago Co.: Taylors Falls (1); Dakota Co.: Hastings (1); Goodhue Co.: No data (1); Houston Co.: Winnebago Valley (1), no data (5); Olmsted Co.: No data (1); Ramsey Co.: Saint Paul (1), Stearns Co.: St. Cloud (5); Washington Co.: No data (1); Winona Co.: Lewiston (1); Wright Co.: Buffalo (1). MISSISSIPPI. Bolivar Co.: No data (2); Choctaw Co.: No data (1); Jasper Co.: Louin (3); Lafayette Co.: No data (4). MISSOURI. Boone Co.: Columbia (1); Buchanan Co.: Saint Louis (3); Camden Co.: Lake of the Ozarks State Park (1); Pike Co.: Louisiana (2); Polk Co.: No data (6); Ripley Co.: Briar (1); Saint Louis Co.: Saint Louis (2); No data: “Southern Missouri” (1), no data (3). NEBRASKA. Adams Co.: No data (1); Cass Co.: South Bend (1), Union (2); Cherry Co.: Sparks (1), Valentine (1); Dodge Co.: Fremont (1); Douglas Co.: Omaha (11); Holt Co.: Spencer Dam (3); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Knox Co.: Lewis and Clark Lake (1); Nemaha Co.: Indian Cave State Park (2), Richardson Co.: Indian Cave State Park (5). NEW HAMPSHIRE. Sullivan Co.: Claremont (1). NEW JERSEY. Burlington Co.: Rancocas (1), Riverton (1); Mercer Co.: Trenton (1); Morris Co.: Boonton (2); Passaic Co.: Clifton (1), Greenwood Lake (1). NEW MEXICO. Dona Ana Co.: Aguirre Springs-Organ Mountains (1), Dripping Springs (1); Eddy Co.: Lincoln National Forest (6); Lincoln Co.: Sierra Blanca Mountains (2); Los Alamos Co.: Jemez Mountains (2); Otero Co.: Cornudo Mountains (1), Sierra Blanca Mountains (1); San Miguel Co.: El Porvenir (1), Las Vegas (1); No data: “New Mexico” (1). NEW YORK. Chautauqua Co.: No data (2); Delaware Co.: Cooks Fall (1), Cooks Hill (1); Duchess Co.: Poughkeepsie (2); Erie Co.: Chaffee (1), Hamburg (1); Greene Co.: Cairo (1); Orange Co.: New Windsor (2), West Point (3); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (1); Rockland Co.: Ramapo (1); Schuyler Co.: Cayuta Lake (1); St. Lawrence Co.: Rossie (2); Tompkins Co.: Danby (1), Groton (2), Ithaca (4); Ulster Co.: Oliverea (2); Yates Co.: Crosby (1); No data: “NY” (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Asheville (1); Dare Co.: Buxton (1), Kill Devil Hills (2); Guilford Co.: Climax (1); Jackson Co.: Balsam (5); Swain Co.: Blue Ridge Parkway (1). OHIO. Butler Co.: Butler (1); Crawford Co.: Millport (1), New Haven Marsh (1); Franklin Co.: Blendon Township (2); Knox Co.: No data (1); Washington Co.: Marietta (1). OKLAHOMA. Carter Co.: Ardmore (3), Cimarron Co.: Black Mesa State Park (1); Comanche Co.: Wichita Mountains (2); Garfield Co.: No data (3); Osage Co.: West Bartlesville (2); Payne Co.: Stillwater (1). PENNSYLVANIA. Allegheny Co.: Millvale (1), Pittsburgh (3); Beaver Co.: South Heights (1); Butler Co.: Butler (1); Centre Co.: State College (1); Chester Co.: Downingtown (2), Nottingham (1); Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg (1), Inglenook (1), Rockville (4), Stoverdale (3); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Collingdale (1), Castle Rock (1); Franklin Co.: Mont Alto (1); Greene Co.: Rutan (1), Waynesburg (2); Indiana Co.: Indiana (3); Lehigh Co.: Lehigh Gap (2); Montgomery Co.: Sumneytown (1); Monroe Co.: No data (2); Philadelphia Co.: Frankford (1), Roxborough (1); Schuylkill Co.: Pine Grove (2); Tioga Co.: Crooked Creek (1); York Co.: Washington Township (1); Westmoreland Co.: Charter Oak Church (1), Jeanette (1); No data (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Horry Co.: Cherry Grove Beach (1); Lancaster Co.: Lancaster (1); Oconee Co.: Walhalla (10); Pickens Co.: Clemson (4), Pickens (3), Pinnacle Mountains (1). TENNESSEE. Fayette Co.: No data (1); Fentress Co.: Allardt (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (9), Deer Lodge (2). TEXAS. Atascosa Co.: Poteet (18); Bexar Co.: San Antonio (1), Stone Oak (7); Brazos Co.: College Station (2); Brewster Co.: Alpine (26), Big Bend (3), Chisos Mountains (2), Marathon (1); Brown Co.: Brownwood (1); Chaves Co.: Elk (1); Colorado Co.: No data (11); Comal Co.: Bulverde (1), New Braunfels (1), no data (1); Culberson Co.: Pine Springs (5); Eastland Co.: Big Sandy Creek (1), Cisco (1), no data (13); Galveston Co.: Dickinson (1); Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mountains (72), Fort Davis (4), Limpia Canyon (2), Prude Ranch (1); Kerr Co.: Kerrville (1); Kimble Co.: Junction (1); Lee Co.: Fedor (1); Montgomery Co.: The Woodlands (1); Pecos Co.: Fort Stockton (40); Randall Co.: Palo Duro Canyon (1); Sutton Co.: Sonora (2), no data (1); Tarrant Co.: Handley (8); Travis Co.: Austin (2); Val Verde Co.: Comstock (2), Dolan Falls (1); No data: “Austin Bluffs” (1), no data (1), Olympia (1). VERMONT. No data: (1). VIRGINIA. Arlington Co.: Arlington (1); Campbell Co.: No data (2); Fairfax Co.: Dead Run (1), Falls Church (5), Fort Belvoir (1), Great Falls (3), Lee’ s Chapel (1), Mount Vernon (1); Highland Co.: Lantz Mountain (1); Montgomery Co.: No data (2); Nelson Co.: No data (14); Prince William Co.: Bull Run (1); Randolph Co.: Middle Mountain (1); Rockbridge Co.: Buena Vista (1); Stafford Co.: Potomac (1); No data: (1). WEST VIRGINIA. Jackson Co.: Silverton (1); Kanawha Co.: Guthrie (1); Monroe Co.: Slaty Mountain Preserve (2). WISCONSIN. Crawford Co.: Gays Mills (7); Grant Co.: Wyalusing (1); Dane Co.: Madison (3), no data (5); Door Co.: Sturgeon Bay (1); Iowa Co.: No data (4); Monroe Co.: Fort McCoy (4); Polk Co.: Amery (1); Racine Co.: Racine (2); Rock Co.: Edgerton (1); No data: “Maa Co.”(1), no data (1). NO DATA: “Western USA” (1). NO DATA (6): “Sonoma Co.” (1), no data (5). SUSPECT RECORDS (5): “Coast So. Ca.” (2), “Guatemala” (1), “South America” (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D50BB24185E64276EC6EFC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D509B246861643D1ECEFFD6D.text	F449F723D509B246861643D1ECEFFD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria limbalis Fall 1905	<div><p>Euphoria limbalis Fall, 1905 revised status</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 16)</p> <p>Euphoria limbalis Fall 1905: 273. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MCZ, examined. Synonymized with Euphoria fulgida (F.) by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Description (n = 190). Length 11.2–14.7 mm; width 6.1–8.4 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny. Body bright green, yellowish green, reddish green, or reddish. Elytra frequently with reddish brown, longitudinal band on sides, band occasionally on pronotum; elytra frequently with small, dispersed, cretaceous markings mostly on apical half. Pygidium frequently with 2 or 4 irregular, cretaceous markings. Head: Frons densely punctate, punctures moderate in size, round, frequently confluent; excavated, with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by ridge; sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, densely punctate; punctures as on frons; apex weakly reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view; sides weakly arcuate, subparallel, moderately to strongly raised. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, densely punctate; punctures round and moderate in size at middle, denser, lunulate, larger towards lateral margins. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex variably rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate; punctures dense, moderate in size, lunulate in anterior half, irregular and coalescent in posterior half. Costae weakly to strongly raised. Lateral margins strongly rugose. Posterior half of sutural costa elevated. Pygidium: Surface concentrically strigose, moderately setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Basal protibial tooth obsolete to subobsolete in males, weakly developed in females. Mesotibial carina frequently developed into 1–2 sharp teeth. Procoxae and profemora setose; setae long, yellowish. Venter: Mesometasternal process well developed, extended beyond mesocoxae, glabrous, apex evenly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on procoxae. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites 2–5 with cretaceous markings laterally; markings variable in size, irregular in shape; sides of abdomen strongly ridged; sternites of males at middle with weak to moderate, medial longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 16c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria limbalis is distinguished based on the bright coloration, smaller size, antennal club longer than head in males, pronotum coarsely punctate at middle, impunctate scutellum, strongly developed mesometasternal process, strongly ridged abdominal sternites, and the male genitalia. Most specimens are smaller than those of E. fulgida, but size is not a reliable character to separate these species. The dorsum of E. limbalis appears coarse to the naked eye, while in E. fulgida it appears smooth.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Fall (1905) described E. limbalis based on one female from Enterprise, Florida, USA. The characters listed by Fall represented a combination of useful characters to separate E. limbalis from related species (E. fulgida and E. monticola) and characters with high intraspecific variability. The shape of the prothorax, the lateral bead of the pronotum, and the vestiture of the pygidium and abdomen listed by Fall all vary, and the variant forms are also observed to a certain degree in E. fulgida and E. monticola. Casey (1915) included this species in the subgenus Erirhipis. Lastly, Hardy (2001), without justification, listed E. limbalis as a subspecies of E. fulgida. I hereby reinstate E. limbalis as a valid species.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected in window traps, Malaise traps, McPhail traps, and fruit fly traps.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. March (2), April (7), May (75), June (44), July (21) (Fig. 16f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Found in Florida, USA (Fig. 16g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (190). Type material: Holotype male at MCZ labeled “Enterprise/ 28-5 Fla// Limbalis/ TYPE// n. sp.// Sz. det.// H.C. FALL// COLLECTION// CollHubbard/ &amp;Schwarz// M.C.Z./ Type/ 24877”. Other material: USA (187): FLORIDA. Alachua Co.: Gainesville (1); Broward Co.: Royal Palm Park (2); Gilchrist Co.: Trenton (7.5 mi. E) (1); Highlands Co.: Lake Placid (24), Sebring (1); Hillsborough Co.: Lutz (1); Lee Co.: Estero (1), Sanibel Island (3); Levy Co.: Archer (7); Marion Co.: Dunnellon (4), Lake Marion Estates (2); Miami-Dade Co.: Everglades National Park (1), Florida City (4), Homestead (1), Key Biscayne (2), Lemon City (1), Miami (44), Naranja (1), Virginia Key (3), no data (2); Monroe Co.: Big Pine Key (1), Islamorada Key (17), Key Largo (14), Vaca Key (1), Long Key (5), Lower Metacumbe Key (1), Plantation Key (1), Upper Key Largo (6), Upper Metacumbe Key (3), no data (1); Orange Co.: No data (1); Osceola Co.: Kissimmee (1); Palm Beach Co.: Palm Beach (6), Royal Palm Park (7); Polk Co.: Fort Meade (1); Sarasota Co.: Venice (6); Seminole Co.: Sanford (1); Volusia Co.: Daytona Beach (1), Enterprise (5), Holly Hill (1); No data: Florida (3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D509B246861643D1ECEFFD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D50EB244860A4371EA4BFC82.text	F449F723D50EB244860A4371EA4BFC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria monticola Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria monticola Bates, 1889</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 17)</p> <p>Euphoria monticola Bates 1889: 415. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria holochloris Fall 1905: 273. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at MCZ designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Euphoria hoffmannae Deloya and Nogueira 1996: 338. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype and allotype at IEXA; paratypes at RACC (6), DJCC (1), CCDX (7), Instituto de Biología, UNAM (Distrito Federal, Mexico) (2), Instituto Manantlán de Ecología, Universidad de Guadalajara (Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico) (1), Guillermo Nogueira Collection (Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) (5), and M. A. Morón Collection (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) (1) (fide Deloya and Nogueira 1996). One paratype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 384). Length 12.1–17.3 mm; width 6.9–9.8 mm. Color: Body dark green, violaceous, or dark bluish. Elytra sometimes with small cretaceous markings. Pygidium rarely with 1 whitish, cretaceous marking at each side. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round; excavated; with 1 central depression, or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by weak ridge; glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, densely punctate; punctures as on frons, sides moderately raised, weakly arcuate to subparallel, apex moderately reflexed in males, weakly to moderately reflexed in females, apex frequently sinuate in frontal view. Vertex flat to weakly protuberant. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round and small in the middle, lunulate and moderate in size laterally, punctation denser towards sides. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, longer than wide, as long as wide on occasion, apex variably rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small in anterior half, irregular and coalescent in posterior half. Costae evident to subobsolete in posterior half, obsolete in anterior half. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Legs: Basal protibial tooth obsolete to subobsolete in males. Mesotibial carina frequently developed into 1–2 sharp teeth. Metatibiae not expanded apically. Sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Venter: Mesometasternal process well developed, extended beyond mesocoxae, glabrous, apex evenly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum and metacoxae setose; setae as on procoxae. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle; setae short to moderate, yellowish; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites frequently with lateral cretaceous markings, sides weakly ridged. Abdomen of males at middle with deep, longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 17c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria monticola is separated from the other species in the group based on the dark coloration, antennal club as long as head in males, impunctate scutellum, strongly developed mesometasternal process, rounded to weakly ridged abdominal sternites, and the male genitalia. Specimens with a reflexed clypeus are rarely observed.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Bates (1889) described the species from a large female with an unusually moderately reflexed clypeus from Canelas, Durango, Mexico. He compared this specimen, probably because of the clypeal shape and the larger body size, with Euphoria lesueuri (Gory and Percheron) and Euphoria candezei Janson. To my knowledge, no additional specimens have been collected in the state since then.</p> <p>Fall (1905) described E. holochloris based on two males and one female from Fort Huachuca, Arizona, USA. Even when he observed the differences between this species and E. fulgida and E. limbalis, the characters he listed are only moderately useful to separate them. The shape of the prothorax and scutellum, presence of punctures on the abdominal segments, and presence of cretaceous spots on the elytra, listed by Fall (1905) as ways to separate these three species, all vary intraspecifically. Hardy (2001), without justification, listed E. holochloris as a subspecies of E. fulgida.</p> <p>Deloya and Nogueira (1996) described E. hoffmannae from specimens collected in Jalisco and Nayarit, Mexico. They separated E. hoffmannae from E. holochloris based on body size, coloration, and an observed difference in the number of teeth in the mesotibial carina. All three characters are not diagnostic and vary intraspecifically in E. monticola. No mention is given of E. monticola. Based on the character study and the examination of 384 specimens, including the types, I place E. holochloris and E. hoffmannae in synonymy with E. monticola.</p> <p>Specimens of E. monticola are known in Mexico from the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Nayarit and are expected to occur in Sonora and Sinaloa. The apparently allopatric distribution is probably due to the lack of collecting in these areas.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been collected on Quercus hypoleucoides Camus, Salix sp., E. nauseosa, and feeding on oranges. Meyer et al. (1979) reported it as a frequent visitor of B. sarothroides. Adults are attracted to blacklights, red wine traps, and Lindgren funnel traps baited with a variety of lures. This species has been collected in desert, chaparral areas, and in pine, oak, mesophytic, and scrub forests between 400–2,300 m.</p> <p>Deloya and Nogueira (1996) observed the species in a Pinus resinosa Aiton / Quercus oocarpa Liebm. forest in Jalisco, Mexico. Males were observed feeding on cow and human feces. Males and females were seen flying between 11:00–15:00 hours and having a different behavior. Males were observed flying fast at about 2 m over the soil to later dig into it to a depth of 20 cm. On one of three occasions, a male and female were found together in the leaf litter. Females fly more slowly at about 50 cm over the ground to also later dig into it; no couples were found in two observations.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (3), June (53), July (230), August (10), September (4) (Fig. 17e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Knownfrom Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Nayarit, Mexico and Arizona and New Mexico, USA (Fig. 17f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (384). Type material: Euphoria monticola Bates, 1889; holotype female at MNHN labeled “ Canelas / Durango // Euphoria / monticola/ Bates ♀// Museum Paris/ ex. Coll./ R. Oberthur// HOLOTYPE ♀// Euphoria / monticola Bates / G. Ruter det. 1972 [?]/ HOLOTYPE ♀”. Euphoria holochloris Fall, 1905; lectotype male at MCZ labeled “Ft. Huachuca/ Ariz// holochlo/ ris./ TYPE// H.C. FALL/ COLLECTION// M.C.Z. Type/ 24876// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / holochloris Fall ”. Euphoria hoffmannae Deloya and Nogueira, 1996; paratype male at FSCA labeled “LA PRIMAVERA,/ JALISCO, MEXICO / 27-VI-95/ 1650 MSNM/ Col. G. Nogueira// PARATIPO/ EUPHORIA HOFFMANNAE / sp. nov. Deloya y/ Nogueira// 2”. Other material: MEXICO (5): CHIHUAHUA: Matachic (1); DURANGO: Canelas (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (1), La Primavera (1); NAYARIT: Tepic (1). USA (371): ARIZONA. Apache Co.: McNary (1), Cochise Co.: Bisbee (2), Carr Canyon (1), Cave Creek Canyon (10), Charleston (1), Chiricahua Mountains (19), Coronado National Memorial (1), Dragoon Mountains (14), Fort Huachuca (1), Hereford (2), Huachuca Mountains (44), Miller Canyon (15), Paradise (6), Portal (128), Texas Canyon (4), Southwestern Research Station (5), no data (1); Gila Co.: Globe (2), Payson (7), Pinal Mountains (4), Salt River Canyon (1), Sierra Ancha Mountains (12), Camp. Geronimo (1); Graham Co.: Coronado National Forest (21); Pima Co.: Baboquivari Mountains (2), Catalina Mountains (3), Florida Canyon (1), Madera Canyon (22); Pinal Co.: Oracle (5); Santa Cruz Co.: Lochiel (3), Pajarito Mountains (1), Nogales (3), Santa Rita Mountains (22), no data (1); Yavapai Co.: Sedona (1); No data (2). NEW MEXICO. Hidalgo Co.: Peloncillo Mountains (2). NO DATA: (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D50EB244860A4371EA4BFC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D50CB24485E84353ECDDF99A.text	F449F723D50CB24485E84353ECDDF99A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria herbacea Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria herbacea Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 2a–i)</p> <p>Species in the herbacea species-group have the body surface tomentous, apex and sides of the clypeus reflexed in both sexes (strongly in males, weakly to moderately in females), antennal club sexually dimorphic (as long as or longer than stem in males and shorter in females), protibiae not sexually dimorphic (basal tooth frequently subobsolete in males of Euphoria leprosa Burmeister) and mesotarsal length sexually dimorphic (as long as or longer than mesotibiae in males, shorter in females). Euphoria leprosa is unique in the group for having the dorsum covered abundantly by cretaceous markings, the basal tooth of the protibiae frequently subobsolete in males, and the simpler genitalia. The male genitalia are diagnostic in this group. This group includes species distributed from the United States to Ecuador.</p> <p>Composition. Four species are included in this group: E. herbacea (Olivier), E. leprosa Burmeister, E. steinheili Janson, and E. subguttata (Burmeister).</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE HERBACEA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Pronotum with medial, longitudinal, cretaceous line (Fig. 19a, d). Pronotal sides moderately to strongly angulate. Scutellum densely punctate....................... E. leprosa Burmeister (p. 49)</p> <p>1′. Pronotum without medial, cretaceous line. Pronotal sides weakly angulate to evenly rounded. Scutellum impunctate................2</p> <p>2. Pronotum sparsely punctate, punctures small. Pronotum of males entirely tomentous (Fig. 21a, d, e), pronotum of females partially shiny (Fig. 21f), with lateral cretaceous line. Anterior half of elytra impunctate or sparsely punctate. Parameres as in Fig. 21c......................................... E. subguttata (Burmeister) (p. 52)</p> <p>2′. Pronotum moderately densely punctate. Pronotum not sexually dimorphic as above. Parameres different.................................... 3</p> <p>3. Abdominal sternites ridged laterally. Pronotum tomentous. Male abdomen with weak, longitudinal depression. Parameres as in Fig. 18c................................ E. herbacea (Olivier) (p. 47)</p> <p>3′. Abdominal sternites rounded laterally. Pronotum tomentous or partially shiny. Male abdomen with deep, longitudinal depression. Parameres as in Fig. 20c....... E. steinheili Janson (p. 50)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO HERBACEA</p> <p>1. Pronoto con línea cretácea medial longitudinal (Fig. 19a, d). Margenes laterales del pronoto moderada a fuertemente angulados. Escutelo densamente punteado................................................................ E. leprosa Burmeister (p. 49)</p> <p>1′. Pronoto sin línea cretácea medial. Margenes laterales del pronoto ligeramente angulados o redondeados. Escutelo sin punteaduras.....2</p> <p>2. Pronoto con punteaduras pequeñas y dispersas, completamente tomentoso en machos (Fig. 21a, d, e), parcialmente brillante en hembras (Fig. 21f), con linea cretácea lateral. Élitros sin punteaduras o con punteaduras dispersas en la mitad anterior. Parámeros como en la Fig. 21c................ E. subguttata (Burmeister) (p. 52)</p> <p>2′. Pronoto densamente punteado, sin dimorfismo sexual. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 21c.... 3</p> <p>3. Esternitos abdominales aquillados lateralmente. Pronoto tomentoso. Machos con depresión longitudinal débil en el abdomen. Parámeros como en la Fig. 18c........................................................................ E. herbacea (Olivier) (p. 47)</p> <p>3′. Esternitos abdominales redondeados lateralmente. Pronoto tomentoso o parcialmente brillante. Machos con depresión longitudinal profunda en el abdomen. Parámeros como en la Fig. 20c............................. E. steinheili Janson (p. 50)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D50CB24485E84353ECDDF99A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D50CB25A861E4628EB8EFDE1.text	F449F723D50CB25A861E4628EB8EFDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria herbacea (Olivier 1789)	<div><p>Euphoria herbacea (Olivier, 1789)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 18)</p> <p>Cetonia herbacea Olivier 1789: 35. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype not located.</p> <p>Cetonia pubera Gyllenhal in Schönherr 1817: 53. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at UUZM, examined.</p> <p>Cetonia antennata Gory and Percheron 1833: 56, 177. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria herbacea var. occidentalis Knaus 1916: 84. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at SEMC, not examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 505). Length 11.9–15.3 mm; width 7.1–9.4 mm. Color: Surface tomentous, olive green, reddish brown, or variations of these colors. Elytra with small, sparse, whitish, cretaceous markings, apex frequently covered by cretaceous layer. Head: Frons frequently medially depressed, occasionally with weak, medial longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, sides strongly raised, parabolic, moderately convergent at apex; apex moderately to strongly reflexed in both sexes, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely to strongly sinuate in frontal view, surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures moderate to large, round, glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, denser towards apex and sides, sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate or with a few minute, round punctures. Sides near base strongly convergent anteriorly in males, subparallel to moderately convergent in females. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately sinuate. Elytra: Surface sparsely to densely punctate, striae with 3–4 irregular rows of small, lunulate and irregular punctures, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Costae well defined, posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view, apex frequently with short, sutural spine. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, moderately impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose; setae, long to moderate, whitish to yellowish, distributed along entire width of segment; sides of sternites weakly to strongly ridged Abdomen in males with weak longitudinal depression. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 18c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from the others in the group based on the dorsal surface entirely tomentous, moderately punctate pronotum, sexually dimorphic shape of the pronotum (sides near base strongly convergent anteriorly in males, subparallel to moderately convergent in females), abdominal sternites laterally ridged, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Olivier (1789) described Cetonia herbacea from specimens from “ l’ Amérique septentrionale ”. The species was named based on the color of the body being “herb green”. Gyllenhal (in Schönherr 1817) described Cetonia pubera based on specimens with a reddish green color, also from “ America septentrionali ”. Gory and Percheron (1833) described an additional male specimen from Philadelphia, USA as Cetonia antennata. Burmeister (1842) treated E. antennata as a synonym of E. pubera. Schaum (1844) included E. pubera as a synonym of E. herbacea. Knaus (1916) described E. herbacea var. occidentalis based on the larger size of the first two specimens known from Kansas, USA. Hardy (2001) synonymized Knaus’ (1916) variety with E. herbacea.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on Rubus sp., flowers of Pinus strobus L., and flowers of Castanea sp., and in Japanese beetle traps, Malaise traps, and light traps. Large groups of adults (∼ 50) have been observed flying around the forest edge. Ritcher (1945, 1966) described the larval stage.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (3), June (74), July (318), August (20), September (2) (Fig. 18f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Found in the eastern and central USA in Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia (Fig. 18g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (505). Type material: Cetonia pubera Gyllenhal, 1817; holotype male at UUZM labeled “a// Uppsala. Univ. Zool. Mus./ Gyllenhalr saml. TYP.nr/ 1446” and my holotype label. Cetonia antennata Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype at MHNG labeled “Gory-/ TYPE// herbacea Ol. / Pubera Salle/ antennata GP. / Amer.- bor// Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Other material: USA (487): ALABAMA. Shelby Co.: Cahaba River (1); Talladega Co.: McElderry (1); Walker Co.: Jasper (3). ARKANSAS. Monroe Co.: Roe (1). DELAWARE. Sussex Co.: Rehoboth Beach (5); New Castle Co.: Newark (2). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington (46), no data (1). FLORIDA. Lake Co.: Astor Park (40 mi W) (1). GEORGIA. Dawson Co.: Dawsonville (1); Pike Co.: No data (1); White Co.: Russell Highway (16). KANSAS. Crawford Co.: No data (2), Montgomery Co.: Elk City (1). KENTUCKY. Urban Co.: Lexington (1). INDIANA. Knox Co.: No data (1); Tippecanoe Co.: Lafayette (6), no data (1). ILLINOIS. Macon Co.: Decatur (6). LOUISIANA. Grant Pa.: Alexandria (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Millersville (3), Riverdale (1). Baltimore Co.: Baltimore (4), Catonsville (2), Hereford (2); Calvert Co.: Battle Creek Cypress Swamp (4); Cecil Co.: Pleasant Hill (1), Charles Co.: Myrtle Grove (3), Frederick Co.: Myersville (17), Howard Co.: Clarksville (1), Ilchester (15), Montgomery Co.: Boyds (1), Cabin John (1), Chevy Chase Lake (1), Glen Echo (1), no data (12), Prince George Co.: Beltsville (10), Bladensburg (1), Bowie (1), College Park (4), Hyattsville (1); Saint Mary Co.: Cameron (1); Somerset Co.: Shelltown (6); Talbot Co.: Wittman (3); Washington Co.: Hagerstown (2), Huyett (1), no data (1); Wicomico Co.: Camden (1); No data: (14). MISSISSIPPI. Lafayette Co.: Oxford (2). MISSOURI. Saint Charles Co.: Port Tobacco (1). NEW JERSEY. Bergen Co.: Fort Lee (1); Burlington Co.: Palmyra (1); Cumberland Co.: Shiloh (3); Salem Co.: Pittsgrove (1), Woodstown (1); No data:: “NJ” (1). NEW YORK. Kings Co.: Brooklyn (1); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (11); No data:“NY” (11). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Asheville (5); Hampton Co.: No data (1); Haywood Co.: Catalooche (1); Warren Co.: Wise (1); Wilkes Co.: Moravian Falls (2). OHIO. Fairfield Co.: Berne Township (12); Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati (3); Highland Co.: No data (1); Knox Co.: No data (1); Hocking Co.: Cedar Falls (1); Licking Co.: Linnville (1); Muskingum Co.: Salt Creek Township (2), Zanesville (1); Nobile Co.: Caldwell (1); Pike Co.: No data (1); Ross Co.: Mount Logan (1); No data: “OH” (2). OKLAHOMA. Latimer Co.: Red Oak (1), no data: (1). PENNSYLVANIA. Adams Co.: Arendtsville (1); Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg (1); Chester Co.: Downingtown (33); Dauphin Co.: Dauphin (5); Hummelstown (1); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Castle Rock (7), no data: (1); Franklin Co.: No data (1); Greene Co.: Mapletown (1), Rutan (1), Waynesburg (1); Mercer Co.: Leesburg (1); Lancaster Co.: Lancaster (4); Philadelphia Co.: Angora (1), Philadelphia (2); Somerset Co.: Somerset (1); Washington Co.: Canonsburg (1), Cross Creek (1); Westmoreland Co.: Greensburg (2), Latrobe (6); York Co.: Airville (4), Lewisberry (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Cherokee Co.: Blacksburg (1); Horry Co.: Cherry Grove Beach (2), Myrtle Beach (3); Pickens Co.: Clemson (6), Liberty (11), Pickens (3); No data: “Meredith” (1). TENNESSEE. Blount Co.: Cades Cove (1); Claiborne Co.: Tazewell (1); Greene Co.: Greeneville (1); Hardeman Co.: Bolivar (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (8); Sevier Co.: Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1); Washington Co.: Johnson (1). TEXAS. Brazos Co.: College Station (14); Harris Co.: Houston (1). VIRGINIA. Campbell Co.: Lynchburg (1); Chesapeake Co.: Northwest River Park (2); City of Norfolk: (1); Clarke Co.: Boyce (1); Essex Co.: Dunnsville (1); Fairfax Co.: Burke (1), Falls Church (9), Springfield (1); Halifax Co.: Fort Belvoir (4), Hampton (4), Staunton River State Park (2), Vienna (2); Lancaster Co.: No data (2); Montgomery Co.: No data (9); Northampton Co.: Cape Charles (1); Page Co.: Massanutten Mountain (7); Rockingham Co.: Harrisonburg (1); Warren Co.: North Linden (1); No data: (4). WEST VIRGINIA. Hampshire Co.: Ice Mountain Preserve (9); Jefferson Co.: Middleway (1); Kanawha Co.: Kanawha (1); Marion Co.: Fairmont (1); Roane Co.: Kettle (1). NO DATA: (16).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D50CB25A861E4628EB8EFDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D512B25B861C42F5EC76FEA0.text	F449F723D512B25B861C42F5EC76FEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria leprosa Burmeister 1842	<div><p>Euphoria leprosa Burmeister, 1842</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 19)</p> <p>Euphoria leprosa Burmeister 1842: 379. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MNHN, here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 51). Length 10.6–14.0 mm; width 6.2–7.8 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous, black to dark brown. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra variably covered by cretaceous markings. Pronotum with white to light yellow, cretaceous lines at center and on sides; cretaceous lines whitish to yellowish, thin to thick. Scutellum and elytra with white to light yellow cretaceous markings; markings irregular in shape, small to large. Pygidium frequently entirely covered by cretaceous layer. Ventral surface, including legs, shiny, black to dark brown, variably covered with cretaceous markings. Head: Frons densely punctate to strigopunctate; punctures moderate to large, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, moderately convergent at apex; apex strongly reflexed in males, weakly to moderately reflexed in females, truncate in dorsal view, moderately to strongly sinuate in frontal view; surface densely punctate, strigopunctate or strigose; punctures small to moderate, round, glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface strongly rugose at sides, moderately densely to densely punctate at middle; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides moderately to strongly angulate. Base vaguely sinuate to weakly emarginate in front of scutellum. Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctate, punctures moderate, lunulate, bearing setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae composed of 1 row of lunulate to irregular punctures surrounded by 1 row of grooves. Surface glabrous to densely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Costae moderately to strongly defined. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, basal tooth frequently subobsolete in males. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended well beyond mesocoxae, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, sides occasionally subparallel, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus vaguely to moderately impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, setae distributed along entire width of segment; setae moderate to long in size, whitish to yellowish; sternites 1–3 strongly ridged, sternites 4–6 moderately to weakly ridged. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 19c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adults are easily separated from other members in the group based on the presence of a medial, cretaceous line on the pronotum, densely punctate scutellum, abdominal sternites 1–3 strongly ridged laterally, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Burmeister (1842) described the species from a dark male from Mexico. Bates (1889) included this species in its own group (Section V) based on the shape of the clypeus being intermediate between those of his sections IV and VII.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been observed feeding on blossoms of woody plants. A large proportion of the specimens examined (∼ 30) were captured in flight intercept traps. Reyes and Morón (2005) collected the species using plantain and beer traps in Tzucacab, Yucatán, Mexico.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (21), May (6), June (4), November (2) (Fig. 19e). Reyes and Morón (2005) recorded nine specimens captured during May.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from the lowlands in southeastern Mexico through Belize, northern Guatemala, and Honduras (Fig. 19f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (51). Type material: Lectotype at MNHN here designated labeled “ Mexico // Mnisxech //Ex Musaeo/ Van Lansberge” and my lectotype label. Other material: BELIZE (30): ORANGE WALK: Rio Bravo Conservation Area (30); GUATEMALA (1): No data (1). HONDURAS (1): CORTÉS: San Pedro Sula (1). MEXICO (17): QUINTANA ROO: Puerto Felipe Carrillo (4), San Felipe (1), no data (1); TABASCO: Cárdenas (6); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (2), Cotaxtla (1), Fortín de las Flores (1); YUCATÁN: Pisté (1). NO DATA (1): “Santa Bárbara” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D512B25B861C42F5EC76FEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D513B25987E34134EA36FED9.text	F449F723D513B25987E34134EA36FED9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria steinheili Janson 1878	<div><p>Euphoria steinheili Janson, 1878</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 20)</p> <p>Euphoria steinheili Janson 1878: 303. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at RMNH, here designated. One paralectotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria punicea Janson 1881: 584. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at RMNH, here designated. Six paralectotypes at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria acerba Janson 1881: 582. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH, here designated. One paralectotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria trivittata Nonfried 1894: 130. New synonymy.</p> <p>Type not found.</p> <p>Description (n = 161). Length 13.3–16.9 mm; width 7.2–10.0 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous in males, shiny in females, violaceous, olive green, orangish brown, yellowish brown, or combinations of these colors. Pronotum in females with matte area at middle. Elytra frequently with small, sparse, whitish, cretaceous spots. Ventral surface shiny, black, brown, green, or violet, or combinations of these colors. Head: Frons frequently with a weak central depression, rarely with longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, occasionally coalescent, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, moderately convergent at apex, lateral declivity weakly developed; apex truncate in dorsal view, strongly sinuate in frontal view, moderately to strongly reflexed in males, moderately to weakly reflexed in females; surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter than stem in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate, denser towards apex and sides, sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides weakly to moderately convergent anteriorly. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, rarely with few, lunulate punctures. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of lunulate and irregular punctures, punctures small to moderate in size; costae weakly to well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Apex frequently with short sutural spine. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish; as wide as long in males, wider than longer in females, moderately flattened in males, moderately to strongly convex in females. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed; apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended well beyond mesocoxae, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially; setae distributed along entire width of segment, long to moderate, whitish to yellowish; sides of sternites rounded. Males with deep longitudinal, abdominal depression. Abdomen in lateral view strongly concave in males, flat to weakly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 20c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from the others in the group by the absence of cretaceous markings on the pronotum, pronotum tomentous in males and shiny in females, abdominal sternites rounded laterally, males with a deep, longitudinal depression on the abdomen, and form of the male genitalia. The dorsum coloration can be violaceous, olive green, orangish brown, yellowish brown, or a combination of these colors (Fig. 20a, d, e, f).</p> <p>Notes. Females are rare in collections. From the material examined (161), only four females were observed.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Janson (1878) described E. steinheili based on two specimens from Panama. In 1881, Janson described E. punicea from specimens collected in the “Balzar Mountains” (probably Cordillera de Balzar, Province of Manabí) in northwest Ecuador. Janson (1881) noted the similarity of E. punicea with E. steinheili and compared these two species. Euphoria acerba was described by Janson (1881) based on greenish specimens from Quito, Ecuador. Nonfried (1894) described a male specimen from “ Ecuador Boreal” as E. trivittata. Orozco (2009) synonymized E. punicea with E. steinheili based on the examination of the types, and the character study of 111 specimens from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela. Based on the examination of the type of E. acerba, I include this species as a synonym of E. steinheili. Although the type of E. trivittata was not located, the description provided by Nonfried (1894) enables me to confidently treat this species as a synonym of E. steinheili.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected in fruit traps, Malaise traps, flight intercept traps, and light traps. The species has been found from near sea level to 1,553 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (1), March (4), April (18), May (52), June (14), July (1), October (1), December (5) (Fig. 20g).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela (Fig. 20h). The disjunct distribution observed is attributed to collecting bias.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (161). Type material: Euphoria steinheili Janson, 1878; lectotype male at RMNH here designated labeled “Panama// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// Euphoria / steinheili/ type. O. Janson// type” and my lectotype label; paralectotype male at RMNH labeled “Panama// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// Euphoria / steinheili/ type. O. Janson// steinheili/ ♂ var” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria acerba Janson, 1881; lectotype male at BMNH here designated labeled “Type// Equador/Quito// Fry. Coll/ 1905-100// Euphoria / acerba. O. Jans/ Type. ♂ ” and my lectotype label. Euphoria acerba Janson, 1881; paralectotype female at RMNH labeled “Quito/ Ecuador// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// Equador/ Quito// type// E. acerba / O. Janson ♀ / CO-/ TYPE// Euphoria / acerba, O. Jans. / Type/ Ecuador// type// acerba, O. Jans ” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria punicea Janson, 1881; lectotype male RMNH here designated labeled “Balzar Mts/ Ecuador// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// type// E. punicea / O. Jans. ♂ / TYPE// Euphoria / punicea, O. Jans. / Type. Ecuador// type// punicea” and my lectotype label; four paralectotypes at RMNH labeled “Balzar Mts/ Ecuador// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)” and my paralectotype label; one paralectotype at RMNH labeled “Balzar Mts/ Ecuador// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// Euphoria / punicea, Jans. ” and my paralectotype label; one paralectotype at RMNH labeled “Balzar Mts/ Ecuador// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O. E. Janson)// type// E. punicea // O. Jans. ♀ // TYPE// type” and my paralectotype label. Other material: COLOMBIA (2): ANTIOQUIA: Medellín (Parque Ecológico Piedras Blancas) (1); CHOCÓ: Parque Nacional Los Katios (1). ECUADOR (13): AZUAY: Huigra (3); IMBABURA: El Milagro (1), LOJA: Loja (1); NO DATA: “Canon” (4), “Cordillera Oriental” (1), “Ecuador” (3). PANAMA (92): CHIRIQUÍ: Finca La Suiza (1), La Fortuna (6 km S) (1), Valle Hornito (9); COLÓN: Isla Barro Colorado (14), Lago Gatún (1), Parque Nacional Soberanía (9); DARIEN: Santa Fé (10); PANAMÁ: Cerro Azul (2), Cerro Campana (13), Gaillard Cut (1), Lago Alajuela (1), Laguna Grande (1), Ipetí (2), Isla Majé (15); NO DATA: “Panama” (12). PERU (1): NO DATA:(1). VENEZUELA (36): ARAGUA:Maracay (2); CARABOBO: Las Trincheras (4); BOLÍVAR: “ Kamarakuni [?]” (1); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Caracas (4), El Valle (15); MIRANDA: Curupao (1), San Antonio de los Altos (1); ZULIA: Los Ángeles del Tucuco (7). NO DATA (1): “Chacoa” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D513B25987E34134EA36FED9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D511B25985D941E2ECE0FBFE.text	F449F723D511B25985D941E2ECE0FBFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria subguttata (Burmeister 1842)	<div><p>Euphoria subguttata (Burmeister, 1842)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 21)</p> <p>Erirhipis subguttata Burmeister 1842: 392. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype not located.</p> <p>Description (n = 8). Length 13.4–14.7 mm; width 7.2–8.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous, olive green, emerald green, reddish green, or reddish brown; tomentous layer partially absent on pronotum in females. Pronotum frequently with whitish, cretaceous band on lateral margin. Elytra frequently with small, sparse, whitish, cretaceous spots; apex frequently covered by cretaceous layer. Anterolateral angles of pygidium occasionally with irregularly rounded, cretaceous markings. Ventral surface shiny green, yellowish green, reddish green, or a combination of these colors. Head: Frons frequently medially depressed, occasionally with weak, medial, longitudinal ridge, densely punctate; punctures moderate to large, round, deeply impressed, occasionally coalescent, glabrous to densely setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, lateral margins strongly raised, sides arcuate, moderately convergent at apex; apex truncate in dorsal view, strongly sinuate in frontal view, moderately to strongly reflexed; surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, short to moderate. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, sparsely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small, denser, and larger towards sides and apex. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface impunctate to sparsely punctate on anterior half, moderately densely punctate in posterior half, striae bearing small, lunulate or irregular punctures, costae weakly defined. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately to strongly impressed, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed in both sexes. Metatibial carina moderately developed. Metatarsi as long as metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended slightly to well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, setae distributed along entire width of segment; setae long to moderate, yellowish; sides of sternites rounded. Abdomen of male with vague, longitudinal depression, flat in lateral view, convex in female. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 21c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from others in the group by the sparsely punctate pronotum, pronotum entirely tomentous in the males and partially tomentous in the females, pronotum frequently with cretaceous lateral band, anterior half of the elytra impunctate to sparsely punctate, and form of the parameres. The emerald green and reddish green tones on the dorsum of this species are unique to the genus.</p> <p>Notes. Few specimens (8) of this species are known from collections. Reyes and Morón (2005) reported collecting 94 specimens in Yucatán, Mexico in traps baited with plantain and beer.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Other than the original description by Burmeister (1842), this species has been mentioned little in the literature. Neither Bates (1889) nor Hardy (2001) had any specimens available.</p> <p>Natural History. The few specimens known have been collected in fruit traps.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. M a y (5), J u n e (3) (Fig. 21g). Reyes and Morón (2005) recorded: April (19), May (69), June (1), July (5).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from Yucatán, Mexico (Fig. 21h).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (8). Other material: MEXICO (8). YUCATÁN: Uxmal (3), Tzucacab (5).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D511B25985D941E2ECE0FBFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D511B25E87ED44C1EAE7FA18.text	F449F723D511B25E87ED44C1EAE7FA18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria candezei Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria candezei Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 2j–r)</p> <p>The species in this group are distinguished by the strongly raised clypeal sides, depressed frons, impunctate scutellum, strongly to moderately emarginate base of the pronotum, mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond the mesocoxae, metatarsi sexually dimorphic in length (shorter than metatibiae and compressed in females, slightly shorter or longer in males), abdomen of males without a deep, longitudinal depression, and distinct form of the parameres. The lateral margins of the pronotum are sexually dimorphic in this group, being more evident in some species (i. e., Euphoria westermanni (Gory and Percheron)) and vague or absent in some specimens at times. The lateral pronotal margins in the females are frequently angulate, appearing subparallel at the base. Males have the lateral pronotal margins more evenly rounded, appearing convergent at the base.</p> <p>Composition. Three species are included: E. candezei Janson, E. lesueuri (Gory and Percheron), and E. westermanni (Gory and Percheron).</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE CANDEZEI SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Vertex with central protuberance. Antennal club in males frequently as long as head in lateral view. Parameres as in Fig. 24c........................ E. westermanni (Gory and Percheron) (p. 56)</p> <p>1′. Vertex flat at middle, without central protuberance. Antennal club in males shorter than head in lateral view......................................2</p> <p>2. Pronotum tomentous in males (Fig. 23a, d), shiny in females (Fig. 23e). Elytra tomentous, frequently with whitish, cretaceous markings. Parameres as in Fig. 23c........................................ E. lesueuri (Gory and Percheron) (p. 54)</p> <p>2′. Pronotum and elytra never tomentous. Elytra without cretaceous markings (Fig. 22a, d). Parameres as in Fig. 22c........................................................... E. candezei Janson (p. 53)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO CANDEZEI</p> <p>1. Vertex con protuberancia central. Maza antenal en machos frecuentemente tan larga como la cabeza en vista lateral. Parámeros como en la Fig. 24c.............. E. westermanni (Gory y Percheron) (p. 56)</p> <p>1′. Vertex plano en el medio, sin protuberancia central. Maza antenal en machos más corta que la cabeza en vista lateral.......................2</p> <p>2. Pronoto tomentoso en machos (Fig. 23a, d), brillante en hembras (Fig. 23e). Élitros tomentosos, frecuentemente con máculas cretáceas blanquecinas. Parámeros como en la Fig. 23c............................................................. E. lesueuri (Gory y Percheron) (p. 54)</p> <p>2′. Pronoto y élitros nunca tomentosos. Élitros sin máculas cretáceas (Fig. 22a, d). Parámeros como en la Fig. 22c................................................................... E. candezei Janson (p. 53)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D511B25E87ED44C1EAE7FA18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D516B25F85E245ADEB18FBD9.text	F449F723D516B25F85E245ADEB18FBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria candezei Janson 1875	<div><p>Euphoria candezei Janson, 1875</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 22)</p> <p>Euphoria candezei Janson 1875: 375. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at RMNH, here designated. One paralectotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria belti Sharp 1877: 137. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Two paralectotypes at BMNH, not examined.</p> <p>Euphoria vazquezae Deloya and Woodruff 1995: 83. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype, allotype, and one paratype at FSCA. One additional paratype at CCDX and another in M.A. Morón Collection (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico) (fide Deloya and Woodruff 1995). Paratype at FSCA, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 310). Length 17.1–21.5 mm; width 9.9–12.2 mm. Color: Dorsal and ventral surfaces shiny, bright to dark green, rarely with violaceous or red areas. Head: Frons depressed, with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by ridge, densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeal surface moderately to densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round; clypeus short, lateral margins strongly raised, sides moderately convergent at apex, lateral declivity moderately developed; apex strongly reflexed, moderately to strongly sinuate in frontal view, frequently forming 2 small denticles, glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to moderate. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures minute to moderate, round to lunulate, denser and larger towards sides; glabrous. Lateral pronotal margins moderately to weakly angulate, females frequently with margins subparallel at base, males generally with margins convergent at base. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, minute to moderate, larger towards apex and sides; costae obsolete to subobsolete. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Surface glabrous. Apex occasionally with short sutural spine. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately to strongly impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed in both sexes, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth variably developed. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately to well developed. Metatarsi compressed in females, much shorter than metatibiae, slightly shorter than metatibiae in males. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus well impressed. Abdominal sternites moderately densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, sides rounded. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 22c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria candezei is easily separated from other species in the group based on the large and shiny green body without markings, vertex without a protuberance, and form of the parameres. Dark purple specimens (Fig. 22d) show a green reflection when examined under a strong light.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Janson (1875) described this species from specimens from Guatemala and Nicaragua. The species was named after Dr. Ernest Candéze, who collected the first specimen. Sharp (1877) described Euphoria belti from specimens collected by Mr. Thomas Belt in Nicaragua. Bates (1889) treated E. belti as a synonym of E. candezei.</p> <p>Deloya and Woodruff (1995) described E. vazquezae from five specimens collected on Cerro Uyuca, Honduras. The characters listed to separate E. vazquezae from E. candezei (color reflections of the dorsum, development of the basal protibial tooth, development of teeth on mesotibial carina, and angle of the parameres apex) all vary intraspecifically. Based on the study of the intraspecific variation of 310 specimens, I place E. vazquezae in synonymy with E. candezei.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been found between 91–2,000 m elevation in mesophytic and cloud forests. Adult E. candezei have been observed swarming at ground level over a newly cut area or digging in the soil. This behavior suggests copula probably takes place in the soil. Solís (2004) observed the species feeding on Rubus sp., mangos, banana, and fermented honey in Costa Rica. He also observed adults in large numbers perching on trees at the forest edge. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from a variety of habitats in Mexico, from undisturbed to highly disturbed forests.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (2), February (2), March (1), April (2), May (78), June (29), July (23), August (25), September (25), October (23), November (46), December (4) (Fig. 22e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from southern Mexico to northern Panama (Fig. 22f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (310). Type material: Euphoria candezei Janson, 1875; lectotype male at RMNH here designated labeled “ Chont. / Nicarag // Museum Leiden / verz. F.T. Valck / Lucassen / (O.E. Janson)// type// ♂ / TYPE// Erirhipis candezei, O. Jns / Type. // type// candezei/ O. Jans. ” and my lectotype label; paralectotype female at RMNH labeled “ Chontal / Nicarag.// Museum Leiden/ verz. F.T. Valck / Lucassen / (O.E. Janson)// type// ♀ / TYPE// type// type” and my paralectotype label. Euphoria belti Sharp, 1877; lectotype male at BMNH labeled “LECTO-/TYPE/ SYN-/TYPE// Chontales/ Nicaragua/ T. Belt.// Euphoria /belti/ Ind. Typ./ D.S.// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria / candezei// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / belti/ Sharp = By / A.R. Hardy, 78”. Euphoria vazquezae Deloya and Woodruff, 1995; paratype male at FSCA labeled “ HONDURAS:/ Dept. Francisco / Morazon [sic], Cerro Uyuca/ 6,500ft., 6-VI-1993 / coll. M.C. Thomas// EUPHORIA / VAZQUEZAE/ DELOYA Y WOODRUFF/ A. C. Deloya, det.// Euphoria vazquezae / PARATIPO/ Deloya &amp; Woodruff/ 1995”. Other material: COSTA RICA (74): ALAJUELA: Cariblanco (1), Parque Nacional Peñas Blancas (4) Upala (2); CARTAGO: Cartago (5), Orosí (2), Navarro (1), Pavones (1), Río Macho (4), Tres Ríos (3), Turrialba (2), Volcán Irazú (4); GUANACASTE: Bebedero (1), Parque Nacional Guanacaste (5), La Palma (1); HEREDIA: La Caja (1); SAN JOSÉ: Coronado (5), San José (18), Tibas (2); PUNTARENAS: San Vito (3), Surubres (2); SAN RAFAEL: Parque Nacional La Amistad (1); NO DATA: “Costa Rica” (6). GUATEMALA (5): BAJA VERAPAZ: Cobán (“Road to”) (2); ALTA VERAPAZ: Baleu (1), Cobán (1), Santa Cruz El Chol (1). HONDURAS (76): ATLÁNTIDA: La Ceiba (2); COMAYAGUA: Comayagua (2), Forestry School (3), Siguatepeque (21), Taulabé (1); COPÁN: No data (1); CORTÉS: La Lima (1), Omoa (1), Río Lindo (1), Yojoa (10); EL PARAÍSO: Yuscarán (1); FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Cerro Uyuca (29), Valle de Ángeles (1); YORO: Yoro (2). MEXICO (105): CHIAPAS: La Revancha (5), Ocozocoautla de Espinosa (12), Oxchuc (10), Parque Laguna Bélgica (1), Pueblo Nuevo (8), Rancho Santa Rosa (29), San Antonio Buenavista (30), San Cristóbal de las Casas (4), Santa Rosa (3), no data (1); QUINTANA ROO: No data (1); VERACRUZ: Catemaco (1). NICARAGUA (7): CHONTALES: Chontales (1); JINOTEGA: Jinotega (1); NO DATA (5). PANAMA (39): CHIRIQUÍ: Finca La Suiza (4), Los Planes (21), Valle Hornito (11), Potrerillos (3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D516B25F85E245ADEB18FBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D517B25D87B644ECEA3BFF75.text	F449F723D517B25D87B644ECEA3BFF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria lesueuri (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria lesueuri (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 23)</p> <p>Cetonia lesueur Gory and Percheron 1833: 58. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG, here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Cetonia latreille Gory and Percheron 1833: 58. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG, here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Cetonia notulata Gory and Percheron 1833: 58. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 116). Length 14.9–20.5 mm; width 8.5–11.9 mm. Color: Dorsal surface entirely or partially tomentous, bright green, dark green, or violaceous. Pronotum shiny in females, tomentous in males. Elytra with small, sparse, irregular, whitish, cretaceous spots. Ventral surface shiny, color as on dorsum. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; surface depressed, with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by ridge; sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeal surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round; clypeus short, lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, sides moderately convergent at apex; lateral declivity weakly to moderately developed; apex strongly reflexed, strongly sinuate in frontal view, occasionally giving appearance of 2 small denticles; glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to moderate. Vertex flattened. Antennal club as long as or slightly shorter than stem in males, shorter than stem in females. Antennal club in males shorter than head in lateral view. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, minute to moderate, denser and larger towards sides, more evident in females than in males, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute to short, yellowish, limited to anterolateral angles. Pronotal sides moderately to weakly angulate, females frequently with subparallel sides at base, males generally with convergent sides at base. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface glabrous, sparsely punctate; punctures minute, costae obsolete to subobsolete. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, dense, moderately to strongly impressed, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, equidistant or apical and medial tooth slightly closer to each other than to basal teeth. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly to moderately developed. Metatarsi compressed in females, much shorter than metatibiae; metatarsi slender, about as long as metatibiae in males. Metatibial spurs long and slender in males, shorter and frequently thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites moderately densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, sides rounded. In lateral view male abdomen flat to vaguely concave, female abdomen flat to vaguely convex. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 23c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria lesueuri is separated from other species in the group by the flat vertex, antennal club of the males shorter than the head in lateral view, pronotal vestiture sexually dimorphic (tomentous in males (Fig. 23a, d), shiny in females (Fig. 23e), and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described this species three times under different names, all based on Mexican specimens. Euphoria lesueuri was based on a female, E. latreillei on a male, and E. notulata on a reddish specimen. Burmeister (1842) recognized E. lesueuri and E. latreillei as valid species and placed E. notulata in synonymy with E. lesueuri. Harold (1869) recognized E. lesueuri and E. latreillei as valid species and treated E. notulata as a synonym of E. latreillei. Bates (1889) commented on Sallé finding E. latreillei and E. lesueuri in copula and consequently treated E. latreillei as a synonym of E. lesueuri.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults of E. lesueuri have been collected in fruit traps, hanging plantains, and at lights. Adults have also been collected on Asteraceae.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (17), May (37), June (18), July (7), August (1), September (2) (Fig. 23f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Oaxaca, Mexico to Nicaragua (Fig. 23g). Morón et al. (1997) recorded this species from Puebla. I treat this record as suspect given the difficulties in identifying this species before this monograph.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (116). Type material: Euphoria lesueuri (Gory and Percheron, 1833); lectotype female at MHNG here designated labeled “Gory/ TYPE// lesueurii [sic]/ G. et P. B.// Mexico // Coll. Melly ” and my lectotype label. Euphoria latreillei (Gory and Percheron, 1833); lectotype male at MHNG here designated labeled “Gory/ TYPE// Coll. Melly// latreillei/ G. et P. B./ notulata G.P./ Mexico ” and my lectotype label. Euphoria notulata (Gory and Percheron, 1833); holotype male at RMNH labeled “Veracruz/ Mexico.. O. Gory// Museum Leiden/ verz F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (Co. E. Janson)// TYPE// C. notulata G.P/ Type// Euphoria / latreillei G. Pron / [illegible] 43/ notulata [illegible]/ Mexico// type” and my holotype label. Other material: BELIZE (1): TOLEDO: Columbia Forest (1). EL SALVADOR (2): LA LIBERTAD: Santa Tecla (1); SANTA ANA: San José Ingenio (1). GUATEMALA (18): ALTA VERAPAZ: Panzós (2); BAJA VERAPAZ: Cobán (“Road to”) (1), Purulhá (14); GUATEMALA: No data (1). HONDURAS (15): COMAYAGUA: Siguatepeque (2), Taulabé (1); CORTÉS: Yojoa (11); NO DATA: “La Esperanza” (1). MEXICO (75): CHIAPAS: Chinkultic (1), El Aguacero (1), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (3), San Quintín (2), Tapachula (1), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (3); OAXACA: Copala (1), Oaxaca (2), San Juan Juquila Mixes (13), Temascal (1); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: El Salto (1); VERACRUZ: Catemaco (2), Ciudad Mendoza (1), Coatepec (4), Los Tuxtlas (9), Huatusco (1), Orizaba (1), San Pedro de Soteapan (2), Veracruz (1), Xalapa (21); NO DATA: “Mexico” (4). NICARAGUA (1): NO DATA: (1). NO DATA (1): “Amer. Centr.” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D517B25D87B644ECEA3BFF75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D515B25285C64179E93AFE66.text	F449F723D515B25285C64179E93AFE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria westermanni (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria westermanni (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 24)</p> <p>Cetonia westermann Gory and Percheron 1833: 212. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 45). Length 14.8–16.0 mm; width 8.4–9.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface entirely or partially tomentous, dark green, reddish brown, or violaceous. Pronotum shiny in females, tomentous in males. Elytra tomentous or shiny, with small, sparse to moderate, irregular, whitish, cretaceous spots. Ventral surface shiny, color as on dorsum. Head: Frons densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; surface depressed, with 1 central or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by ridge, sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeal surface moderately densely to densely punctate, punctures moderate in size, round; clypeus short, lateral margins moderately to strongly raised, sides moderately convergent at apex; lateral declivity weakly to moderately developed; apex strongly reflexed, strongly sinuate in frontal view, occasionally giving appearance of 2 small denticles; glabrous to moderately densely setose, setae yellowish to whitish, short to moderate. Vertex with weakly to moderately developed central protuberance. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, as long as or shorter than stem in females. Antennal club in males frequently as long as head in lateral view. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures sparse, round to lunulate, minute to moderate, denser and larger towards sides, more evident in females than in males; glabrous to moderately densely setose, setae minute to moderate, yellowish. Pronotal sides moderately to weakly angulate, females frequently with subparallel sides at base, males generally with convergent sides at base. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface glabrous, sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, minute to small in size, costae subobsolete to moderately raised. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, strongly proximal, moderately to strongly impressed; sparsely to densely setose, setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, equidistant or apical and medial teeth slightly closer to each other than to basal tooth. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly to moderately developed. Metatarsi compressed in females, much shorter than metatibiae, slender, about as long as metatibiae in males. Metatibial spurs long and slender in males, as long as or shorter and frequently thicker in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, process glabrous on mesosternal lobe, apex variably rounded. Mesepimeron, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites moderately densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, sides rounded. Male abdomen flat to vaguely concave in lateral view, female abdomen flat to vaguely convex in lateral view Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 24c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria westermanni is separated from other species in the group based on the vertex with a central protuberance, antennal club of the males almost as long as the head in lateral view, pronotal vestiture sexually dimorphic (shiny in females, tomentous in males), and form of the parameres. The sexually dimorphic sides of the pronotum are more clearly pronounced in this species compared to others in the group. The pronotal sides in the females (Fig. 24e, f) are angulate, frequently appearing subparallel at the base, while in the males the pronotal sides are more evenly round and generally convergent at the base (Fig. 24a, d).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described the species based on a male specimen from “ Mexico ”. Burmeister (1842) separated this species from E. lesueuri based on the presence of a tubercle on the vertex, the generally longer antennal club in both sexes, and other characters he thought to be of diagnostic significance but represent intraspecific variation. Bates (1889), apparently from a mixed series of this species and E. lesueuri, concluded Gory and Percheron’ s (1833) and Burmeister’ s (1842) use of the name was not the same. Both species haven been continuously confused in the literature and used interchangeably until now.</p> <p>Natural History. There are few literature references regarding the habits of the adults (e. g., Morón et al. 1997), but because E. westermanni and E. lesueuri have previously been confused it is impossible to know which species the observations correspond to.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (1), June (5) (Fig. 24g).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colima, Estado de México, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, and Nayarit, Mexico (Fig. 24h). Morón et al. (1997) recorded this species from Oaxaca. I treat this record as suspect given the difficulties in identifying this species before this monograph and the fact that E. lesueuri, frequently confused with this species, is also known from Oaxaca.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (45). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype male at MHNG labeled “Schaum/ TYPE// Westermanni/ GP/ Mexico // Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Other material: MEXICO (44): COLIMA: Colima (2); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Ixtapan de La Sal (3), Tejupilco de Hidalgo (1), Temascaltepec (14); JALISCO: Ajijíc (1), Volcán Colima (3); MICHOACÁN: Tuxpan (3), Morelia (1), no data: (1); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (3); NAYARIT: Compostela (3), San Blas (5), Tepic (2), no data (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D515B25285C64179E93AFE66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51AB25385E24355EA0AFE2B.text	F449F723D51AB25385E24355EA0AFE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria hera Burmeister 1842	<div><p>Euphoria hera Burmeister, 1842</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 25)</p> <p>Euphoria hera Burmeister 1842: 371. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG, here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 85). Length 15.0– 18.4 mm; width 9.1–11.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous. Pronotum yellowish brown, reddish brown, or black; rarely with 1 dark vitta present at each side of midline covering most of pronotum. Elytra yellowish to reddish brown with moderately black markings; markings scarce to abundant, rarely covering the elytra almost entirely. Basal half of elytra frequently entirely black; venter, including legs light brown to black. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, at times coalescent; surface with 1 strong, longitudinal ridge; moderately densely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Clypeal surface rugose, lateral margins weakly to moderately raised, sides strongly arcuate, moderately convergent at apex; lateral declivity weakly to moderately developed; apex strongly emarginate, sides raised into 2 small denticles; moderately densely to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to moderate. Antennal club as long as or slightly shorter than stem in males, shorter than stem in females. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, minute to moderate, denser and larger towards sides, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish, limited to anterolateral angles. Pronotal sides moderately to weakly angulate, females frequently with subparallel sides at base, males generally with convergent sides at base. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate. Elytra: Surface glabrous, sparsely punctate; striae subobsolete, punctures minute, costae obsolete to subobsolete. Posterior half of sutural costa strongly raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, strongly proximal, moderately to strongly impressed, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth well developed, equidistant or medial and basal tooth slightly closer to each other than to apical teeth. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly to moderately developed in males, well developed in females. Metatarsi shorter than metatibiae in both sexes, slender in males, compressed in females. Metatibial spurs subequal in both sexes. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, weakly laterally compressed, glabrous on mesosternal lobe. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous, impunctate at middle. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites moderately densely setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose medially, sides rounded. In lateral view male abdomen flat to vaguely concave, female abdomen flat to vaguely convex. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 25c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria hera is separated from other species in the genus based on the strongly raised frontal ridge, emarginate apex of the clypeus with the sides raised, metatarsi shorter in both sexes, and the shape of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Burmeister (1842) described this species from several specimens from Colombia. Casey (1915) created the genus Euphoriopsis to include this species exclusively. According to Casey (1915), Euphoriopsis was separated from Euphoria based on the lack of a lateral marginal bead on the pronotum and the presence of clypeal denticles. Orozco (2009) synonymized Euphoriopsis with Euphoria based on a character study of 37 specimens. Orozco (2009) demonstrated the presence of a marginal pronotal bead and clypeal denticles in other species of Euphoria, thus justifying its inclusion in Euphoria.</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria hera has been collected in habitats between 1,200–3,000 m elevation. The larvae have been found under dry cow dung in Colombia (Jhon César Neita Moreno, personal communication).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (2) (Fig. 25g).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colombia and Venezuela (Fig. 25h).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (45). Type material: Lectotype female at MHNG here designated labeled “ Columb // Ex Musaeo/ Thorey” and my lectotype label. Other material: COLOMBIA (24): ANTIOQUIA: Medellín (1); BOYACÁ: Arcabuco (1); CAUCA: No data (9); CUNDINAMARCA: La Mesa (1), Sasaima (1); HUILA: Río Aguacatal (3), Rivera (2); SANTANDER: No data (1); VALLE DEL CAUCA: Valle del Calima (3); No data (2). VENEZUELA (20): MÉRIDA: No data (13); TÁCHIRA: La Revancha (5); VARGAS: Galipán (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51AB25385E24355EA0AFE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51AB252841E426EEA25FC82.text	F449F723D51AB252841E426EEA25FC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria hera Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria hera Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 2s–v)</p> <p>The only species in this group resembles species in the candezei species-group but is distinguished by having the frons with a strong longitudinal ridge and the clypeus strongly emarginated. The color variation observed in E. hera is unique for the genus. Euphoria hera might be a derived member of the candezei species-group that dispersed south.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51AB252841E426EEA25FC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51BB25185E841B3EA0AFA3A.text	F449F723D51BB25185E841B3EA0AFA3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria avita Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria avita Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 3a–y)</p> <p>Species in this group have a truncate clypeal apex, antennal club sexually dimorphic in length (longer in the male than in the female), clypeal sides dimorphic (frequently strongly raised in males, weakly in females), pronotum frequently vittate, pronotal base moderately to strongly emarginate in front of scutellum, mesometasternal process frequently extended anteriorly beyond the mesocoxae, protibiae sexually dimorphic (slender in males, robust in females), meso- and metatarsi sexually dimorphic in length (as long as or longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females), and apex of the metatibiae moderately to strongly expanded in females. The most useful characters for species identification are the shape of the clypeus, punctation on the elytral striae, and form of the parameres. Some of the females in this group are only tentatively identified in the key.</p> <p>Composition. Thirteen species are included in this group: E. abreona Janson, E. avita Janson, E. chontalensis Bates, E. fascifera (LeConte), E. fulveola Bates, E. iridescens Schaum, E. lacandona Orozco, new species, E. mystica Thomson, E. nicaraguensis Orozco, new species, E. paradisiaca Orozco, new species, E. schotti LeConte, E. submaculosa (Gory and Percheron), and E. vestita (Gory and Percheron).</p> <p>Natural History. Males are more frequently collected, suggesting the female habits might be different. The immatures stages of only one species, E. abreona, are known (Orozco and Pardo- Locarno 2004).</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE AVITA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>The most useful character to separate the species in this group is the male genitalia. The key should be used as a guide or to confirm the identification. The female of E. lacandona is unknown. The females of E. fulveola and E. avita are impossible to separate with the material at hand.</p> <p>1. Surface of pygidium strongly concentrically striate. Males with deep longitudinal depression on abdomen. Parameres as in Fig. 29c.... E. fascifera (LeConte) (p. 63)</p> <p>1′. Surface of pygidium subconcentrically striate. Males without deep longitudinal depression on abdomen. Parameres not as in Fig. 29c..........................................2</p> <p>2(1′). Pronotum shiny, elytra tomentous (Fig. 33a, d). Scutellum densely punctate...................................... E. mystica Thomson (p. 67)</p> <p>2′. Both pronotum and elytra frequently shiny or tomentous. Scutellum never densely punctate......................................................3</p> <p>3(2′). Clypeal sides strongly arcuate. Pygidium frequently with cretaceous markings.....4</p> <p>3′. Clypeal sides subparallel. Pygidium without cretaceous markings.........................6</p> <p>4(3). Clypeus short as in Fig. 26b. Mesometasternal process densely punctate or setose on mesosternal lobe............................................. E. abreona Janson (p. 60)</p> <p>4′. Clypeus elongated as in Figs. 28b or 31b. Mesometasternal process impunctate or glabrous on mesosternal lobe.................5</p> <p>5(4′). Antennal club as long as or shorter than stem in both sexes. Dorsum shiny (Fig. 31a, d). Parameres as in Fig. 31c............. E. iridescens Schaum (p. 65)</p> <p>5′. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Dorsum frequently tomentous (Fig. 28a). Parameres as in Fig. 28c.... E. chontalensis Bates (p. 62)</p> <p>6(3′). Dorsal surface green (Fig. 37a). Elytra with yellowish markings. Parameres as in Fig. 37c......... E. submaculosa (Gory and Percheron) (p. 70)</p> <p>6′. Dorsal surface black to variably brown. Elytra with black or dark brown markings. Parameres not as in Fig. 37c........7</p> <p>7(6′). Antennal club as long as or longer than stem (males)...........................................8</p> <p>7′. Antennal club much shorter than stem (females)...............................................14</p> <p>8(7). Antennal club twice as long as stem. Parameres as in Fig. 38d......... E. vestita (Gory and Percheron) (p. 71)</p> <p>8′. Antennal club less than twice as long as stem. Parameres not as in Fig. 38d....... 9</p> <p>9(8′). Apex of clypeus in frontal view weakly bisinuate (Fig. 36c). Parameres as in Fig. 36d....... E. schotti LeConte (p. 70)</p> <p>9′. Apex of clypeus with only one weak sinus. Parameres not as Fig. 36d......... 10</p> <p>10(9′). Apex of clypeus weakly reflexed. Parameres as in Fig. 30c.......... E. fulveola Bates (p. 64)</p> <p>10′. Apex of clypeus moderately to strongly reflexed. Parameres not as in Fig. 30c...... 11</p> <p>11(10′). Clypeal lateral declivity weakly to moderately developed..................................12</p> <p>11′. Clypeal lateral declivity strongly developed. Parameres not strongly compressed basally as in Fig. 27c........................... 13</p> <p>12(11). Body size &lt;12 mm (Fig. 27a, d). Parameres as in Fig. 27c....... E. avita Janson (p. 61)</p> <p>12′. Body size&gt; 12 mm (Fig. 35a, d, e). Parameres as in Fig. 35c........ E. paradisiaca Orozco, new species (p. 69)</p> <p>13(11′). Body size generally&gt; 13 mm (Fig. 34a). Parameres as in Fig. 34c................................................. E. nicaraguensis Orozco, new species (p. 68)</p> <p>13′. Body size generally &lt;13 mm (Fig. 32a, d). Parameres as in Fig. 32c..... E. lacandona Orozco, new species (p. 66)</p> <p>14(7′). Elytral striae with 2 rows of distinct, long grooves. Scutellum impunctate, glabrous... E. vestita (Gory and Percheron) (p. 71)</p> <p>14′. Elytral striae without long grooves. Scutellum sparsely to moderately densely punctate.................................................15</p> <p>15(14′). Body&gt; 12 mm......................................16</p> <p>15′. Body &lt;12 mm........... E. avita Janson or E. fulveola Bates</p> <p>16(15). Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex....................... E. nicaraguensis Orozco, new species (p. 68)</p> <p>16′. Abdomen in lateral view weakly convex.......................... E. paradisiaca Orozco, new species (p. 69)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO AVITA</p> <p>El caracter más útil para la separación de las especies en este grupo es la genitalia masculina. Esta clave debe ser usada solo como una guía o para confirmar la identificación. Las hembras de E. lacandona son desconocidas y las de E. fulveola y E. avita son imposibles de separar con el material disponible.</p> <p>1. Superficie del pigídio fuertemente estriada concentricamente. Abdomen de los machos con una depresión longitudinal profunda. Parámeros como en la Fig. 29c.................................... E. fascifera (LeConte) (p. 63)</p> <p>1′. Superficie del pigídio estriada subconcentricamente. Abdomen de los machos sin depresión longitudinal profunda. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 29c...... 2</p> <p>2(1′). Pronoto brillante, élitros tomentosos (Fig. 33a, d). Escutelo densamente punteado......................... E. mystica Thomson (p. 67)</p> <p>2′. Pronoto y élitros brillantes o tomentosos. Escutelo nunca densamente punteado....3</p> <p>3(2′). Lados clipeales fuertemente arqueados. Pigídio frecuentemente con máculas cretáceas..............................................4</p> <p>3′. Lados clipeales subparalelos. Pigídio sin máculas cretáceas...................................6</p> <p>4(3). Clípeo corto como en la Fig. 26b. Proceso mesometasternal densamente punteado o setoso en el lóbulo mesosternal..................................... E. abreona Janson (p. 60)</p> <p>4′. Clípeo elongado como en las Figs. 28b ó 31b. Proceso mesometasternal glabro o sin punteaduras en el lóbulo mesosternal................................................................5</p> <p>5(4′). Maza antenal en ambos sexos tan larga o más corta que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Dorso brillante (Fig. 31a, d). Parámeros como en la Fig. 31c................................ E. iridescens Schaum (p. 65)</p> <p>5′. Maza antenal en machos más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales, más corta en hembras. Dorso frecuentemente tomentoso (Fig. 28a). Parámeros como en la Fig. 28c............................................................ E. chontalensis Bates (p. 62)</p> <p>6(3′). Superficie dorsal verde (Fig. 37a). Élitros con máculas amarillentas. Parámeros como en la Fig. 37c...... E. submaculosa (Gory y Percheron) (p. 70)</p> <p>6′. Superficie dorsal negra o de varias tonalidades cafés. Élitros con máculas negras o café oscuras. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 37c............................................ 7</p> <p>7(6′). Maza antenal tan larga o más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales (machos)................................................................8</p> <p>7′. Maza antenal más corta que el resto de los segmentos antenales (hembras)............14</p> <p>8(7). Maza antenal 2 veces más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Parámeros como en la Fig. 38d...... E. vestita (Gory y Percheron) (p. 71)</p> <p>8′. Maza antenal menos de 2 veces más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 38d........9</p> <p>9(8′). Ápice del clípeo bisinuado en vista frontal (Fig. 36c). Parámeros como en la Fig. 36d... E. schotti LeConte (p. 70)</p> <p>9′. Ápice del clípeo con un sola leve sinuosidad. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 36d.............10</p> <p>10(9′). Ápice del clípeo ligeramente elevado. Parámeros como en la Fig. 30c........................................ E. fulveola Bates (p. 64)</p> <p>10′. Ápice del clípeo moderada o fuertemente elevado. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 30c................................................................ 11</p> <p>11(10′). Declividad lateral del clípeo ligera o moderadamente desarrollada..............12</p> <p>11′. Declividad lateral del clípeo fuertemente desarrollada. Parámeros no fuertemente comprimidos basalmente como en la Fig. 27c................................................... 13</p> <p>12(11). Longitud corporal &lt;12 mm (Fig. 27a, d). Parámeros como en la Fig. 27c........................................... E. avita Janson (p. 61)</p> <p>12′. Longitud corporal&gt; 12 mm (Fig. 35a, d, e). Parámeros como en la Fig. 35c................................ E. paradisiaca Orozco, especie nueva (p. 69)</p> <p>13(11′). Cuerpo generalmente&gt; 13 mm (Fig. 34a). Parámeros como en la Fig. 34c...................................... E. nicaraguensis Orozco, especie nueva (p. 68)</p> <p>13′. Cuerpo generalmente &lt;13 mm (Fig. 32a, d). Parámeros como en la Fig. 32c...................................... E. lacandona Orozco, especie nueva (p. 66)</p> <p>14(7′). Estrías elitrales compuestas de 2 filas de surcos largos. Escutelo glabro, sin punteaduras.................................................... E. vestita (Gory y Percheron) (p. 71)</p> <p>14′. Estrías elitrales sin surcos largos. Escutelo ligera o densamente punteado..............15</p> <p>15(14′). Cuerpo&gt; 12 mm...................................16</p> <p>15′. Cuerpo &lt;12 mm............................................. E. avita Janson o E. fulveola Bates</p> <p>16(15). Abdomen fuertemente convexo en vista lateral............. E. nicaraguensis Orozco, especie nueva (p. 68)</p> <p>16′. Abdomen ligeramente convexo en vista lateral................. E. paradisiaca Orozco, especie nueva (p. 69)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51BB25185E841B3EA0AFA3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D519B25685F14587EA14F9A5.text	F449F723D519B25685F14587EA14F9A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria abreona Janson 1878	<div><p>Euphoria abreona Janson, 1878</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 26)</p> <p>Euphoria abreona Janson 1878: 304. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria morosa Janson 1881: 582. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria precaria Janson 1881: 583. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 37). Length 13.5–16.7 mm; width 8.0– 10.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous or shiny, yellowish brown, reddish brown, orangish brown, or dark brown. Pronotum frequently with 2 longitudinal, irregular, dark vittae covering most of or entire surface, vittae frequently divided basally, appearing as 4 vittae. Elytra with black or dark green markings variably covering surface. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black. Pygidium frequently with 2 whitish, longitudinal, cretaceous markings. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate to large, frequently confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Clypeus short, surface as on frons, sides moderately to strongly arcuate, moderately raised in males, vaguely to weakly raised in females; apex truncate in dorsal view, moderately reflexed in males, weakly reflexed in females. Antennal club as long as stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides near base frequently convergent in males, subparallel in females. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 rows of small, lunulate punctures and/or short grooves, sparsely to moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Costae evident to weak. Apex and sides posteriorly weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth strongly proximal, basal tooth frequently obsolete in males. Mesotibial carina weakly developed. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, moderately expanded in females; metatarsi as long as or longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, weakly constricted at middle, apex variable rounded, setose on mesosternal lobe. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus weakly impressed. Sternites sparsely setose medially, moderately setose laterally, setae moderate in length. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly concave in males, weakly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 26c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the arcuate sides of the clypeus, setose mesosternal lobe of the mesometasternal process, strongly proximal apical and medial protibial teeth, pronotal and elytral punctation, and form of the parameres. This is the only species in the group known from South America.</p> <p>Notes. The misspelled version “ Euphoria abronea ” was first found in Blackwelder (1944) and more recently in Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Janson (1878) described E. abreona from a brownish male specimen from Bogotá, Colombia. Janson (1881) described an additional shiny, greenish black male from Quito, Ecuador as E. morosa, and a tomentous, dark olivegreen male from “ New Granada ” as E. precaria. Bates (1889) listed E. morosa as affined to E. chontalensis.</p> <p>Both E. morosa and E. precaria correspond to color forms of E. abreona, and all three can occur at one location. I collected a large series of this species close to Los Santos, Santander, Colombia, where all three color forms were present (i. e., Orozco and Pardo-Locarno 2004). Based on this occurrence, examination of key characters, and study of the types, I place both E. morosa and E. precaria in synonymy with E. abreona.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults are known to be attracted to fruit traps baited with rotten plantains. The third instar and pupa were described by Orozco and Pardo-Locarno (2004).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (1), March (1), May (1), June (7), July (1), December (1) (Fig. 26f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela (Fig. 26g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (37). Type material: Euphoria abreona Janson, 1878. Holotype male at RMNH labeled “ Bogota // Museum Leiden/ verz. F.T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O.E. Janson)// E. abre-/ ona J./ ♂/ TYPE// Erirhipis / abreona, O. Jns / Type N. Granada// type// seen by Hardy, 1978// type” and my holotype label. Euphoria precaria Janson, 1881. Holotype male at RMNH labeled “N. Granada (Wallis)// Museum Leiden/ verz F.T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O.E. Janson)// Euphor./ precaria/ O. Jans./ ♂/ TYPE// type// Euphoria / precaria, O. Jans. / Type. N. Granada// precaria Jns // type” and my holotype label. Euphoria morosa Janson, 1881. Holotype male at RMNH labeled “O. Coll// A. Fry// type// Museum Leiden/ verz. F.T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O.E. Janson)// Euph. morosa / O. Jans/ ♂/ CO-TYPE// Euphoria / morosa, O, Jans.” and my holotype label. Other material: COLOMBIA (25): SANTANDER: Los Santos (21); VALLE DEL CAUCA: Dagua (2); NO DATA: (2). ECUADOR (7): CHIMBORAZO: No data (1); GUAYAS: Santo Domingo (5); PICHINCHA: Santo Domingo de los Colorados (1). VENEZUELA (2): MIRANDA: Guarenas (1); TÁCHIRA: San Cristóbal (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D519B25685F14587EA14F9A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51EB25784174628EA58FAB4.text	F449F723D51EB25784174628EA58FAB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria avita Janson 1881	<div><p>Euphoria avita Janson, 1881</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 27)</p> <p>Euphoria avita Janson 1881: 584. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 61). Length 10.7–11.4 mm; width 5.8–7.1 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown to reddish brown, tomentous, rarely shiny. Pronotum with 2 black, longitudinal vittae covering most of pronotum except midline; each vitta frequently with a medial, round, yellowish brown spot. Elytra with black, irregular markings occasionally covering the elytra almost entirely. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black, abdominal sternites sometimes bicolored. Head: Frons flat, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, many confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus subrectangular, lateral declivity moderately expanded, sides strongly raised in males, flat in females; apex flat to vaguely reflexed in frontal view, strongly reflexed and deeply sinuate in frontal view in males, vaguely reflexed and moderately emarginate in frontal view in females; surface as on frons. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate, moderately to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides moderately angulate, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum sparsely to moderately densely punctate, punctures frequently on anterior half. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 rows of small, lunulate, and irregular punctures, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae moderate in size, yellowish; apex and posterior end of sides weakly rugose, costae weakly to strongly developed. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, sparsely to moderately densely setose, setae as on pronotum. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth frequently weakly developed in males. Mesotibial carina weakly developed, carina often ending in 1 or 2 sharp spines. Metatibiae not expanded at apex in males, expanded apically in females; metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females; apical spurs slender in males, thick in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly slightly or well beyond mesocoxae, apex variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and weakly punctate at middle; median sulcus weakly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to vaguely concave in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 27c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the strongly raised apex of the clypeus in males, elytral striae bearing 2–3 rows of small, lunulate, and irregular punctures, and form of the parameres. The small size (&lt;12 mm) is also useful to identify the species. More elongated specimens (Fig. 27d) are frequently found in the southern limits of the distribution.</p> <p>The only two female specimens examined are slightly different in body shape. A female specimen from Acatenango, Guatemala is noticeably robust in comparison with the males, while the female holotype is of the same body shape as the males examined. This is probably within the normal intraspecific variation of the species.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Janson (1881) described the species based on a dark female from Guatemala. Hardy (2001) incorrectly listed E. longula, a synonym of E. eximia, as a synonym of this species. Sakai and Nagai (1998) possibly misidentified this species as E. mystica (Appendix 5).</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known regarding the natural history of the species.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (1), J une (5), July (2), August (16), September (13), October (1) (Fig. 27e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico (Fig. 27f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (61). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype female at RMNH labeled “Guate/ mala // Euphoria / avita/ O./ ♀/ TYPE// Euphoria / avita, O. Jans. / Type Cent.Amer// Museum Leiden/ verz. F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ (O.E. Janson)// avita// seen by/ Hardy 1978// type”. Other material: EL SALVADOR (4): CHALATENANGO: La Palma (1); SANTA ANA: Parque Los Andes (2); SONSONATE: Parque Nacional Cerro Verde (1). GUATEMALA (50): CHIMALTENANGO: Acatenango (22), San Pedro Yepocapa (1), Zaragoza (7); GUATEMALA: Ciudad de Guatemala (3), Santa Elena Barrillas (1); PETÉN: EL Remate (1); QUICHÉ: Nebaj (1); SACATEPÉQUEZ: Antigua (9), Cerro Alux (1), San Lucas Sacatepéquez (1), Volcán de Agua (1); SOLOLÁ: Panajachel (2). HONDURAS (1): “Honduras” (1). MEXICO (2): “ Mexico ” (2). NO DATA (3): No data (3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51EB25784174628EA58FAB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51FB25485C2453BEAF3FB88.text	F449F723D51FB25485C2453BEAF3FB88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria chontalensis Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria chontalensis Bates, 1889</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 28)</p> <p>Euphoria chontalensis Bates 1889: 368. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at BMNH, not examined.</p> <p>Euphoria comminuta Casey 1915: 307. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 38). Length 13.3–16.2 mm; width 7.8–10.1 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, reddish brown, orangish brown, or dark brown, tomentous or shiny. Pronotum frequently with 2 longitudinal, irregular, dark vittae covering most or all surface, vittae frequently divided basally, appearing as 4 vittae. Elytra with small, black or dark green markings variably covering surface. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black. Pygidium frequently with 2 whitish, longitudinal, cretaceous markings on each side. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, frequently confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae sparse to dense, long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Clypeal sides moderately to strongly arcuate, moderately raised in males, vaguely to weakly raised in females; apex strongly reflexed in males, weakly to moderately raised in females, truncate in dorsal view, surface as on frons. Antennal club as long as stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to densely setose; setose short to moderate, yellowish. Sides at base frequently convergent in males, subparallel in females. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 rows of small, lunulate punctures and/or short grooves, sparsely to moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Costae evident to weak. Apex and sides on posterior half weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, weakly to moderately setose, setae minute to short. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth frequently obsolete in males. Mesotibial carina weakly developed in both sexes. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, moderately expanded in females; metatarsi as long as or longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly beyond mesocoxae, weakly constricted laterally, apex variably rounded, glabrous. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus weakly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly concave in males, weakly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 28c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the arcuate sides of the clypeus, glabrous mesosternal lobe of the mesometasternal process, strongly proximal apical and medial protibial teeth, elytral striae consisting of three rows of small, lunulate punctures and/or short grooves, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Euphoria chontalensis has been confused in the literature with E. precaria, a synonym of E. abreona. For instance, Solís’ (2004) E. precaria corresponds to E. chontalensis (Appendix 5), and his E. chontalensis corresponds to the new species E. paradisiaca.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Bates (1889) described five dark male specimens from Chontales, Nicaragua as E. chontalensis. Casey (1915) described a dull coppery brown female from Chiriquí, Panama as E. comminuta. Hardy (2001) erroneously listed E. comminuta as a synonym of E. precaria (= E. abreona). Based on character study and examination of the type material, I place E. comminuta in synonymy with E. chontalensis.</p> <p>Natural History. Solís (2004) reported the species (as E. precaria) feeding on the sap of Citrus sp. and on fallen fruits of Ficus sp. The species is known to occur in Costa Rica from sea level to 1,750 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (1), July (1), August (2) (Fig. 28d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama (Fig. 28e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (38). Type material: Euphoria chontalensis Bates, 1889. Lectotype male at BMNH labeled “LECTO-/TYPE/ SYN-/ TYPE// Chontales/ Nicaragua/T. Belt.// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria / chontalensis Bates // LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / chontalensis Bates = By/ A.R. Hardy, 78”. Euphoria comminuta Casey, 1915. Holotype female at USNM labeled “Eu./ vestita?/ Chir. Gr.// comminuta/ Csy// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48667// Euphoria / comminuta/ Casey”. Other material: COSTA RICA (2): CARTAGO: Turrialba (1), no data (1). NICARAGUA (1): CHONTALES: Chontales (1). PANAMA (33): CHIRIQUÍ: Chiriquí (2), Lino (26), Santa Clara (5).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51FB25485C2453BEAF3FB88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51CB25585F0445CEB8FFDE1.text	F449F723D51CB25585F0445CEB8FFDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria fascifera (LeConte 1861)	<div><p>Euphoria fascifera (LeConte, 1861)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 29)</p> <p>Euryomia fascifera LeConte 1861: 336. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MCZ, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria fascifera trapezium Casey 1915: 324. New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Two paralectotypes at USNM, one examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 215). Length 11.5–15.0 mm; width 6.2–8.6 mm. Color: Dorsal surface light yellow to light orange, shiny or tomentous. Pronotum light yellow to light orange, with 1 large black marking at middle covering most of surface, or with 4 small, medial spots; 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral mark on each side. Elytra with 3 transverse, black bands extending across suture. Ventral surface, including legs, shiny black to dark brown. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, confluent, becoming increasingly elongated towards sides, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, surface as on frons, sides strongly raised in males, weakly to moderately raised in females; apex truncate to vaguely sinuate in dorsal view, strongly reflexed in males, weakly in females. Antennal club as long as or longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, moderately densely punctate; punctures small, lunulate to round. Small tubercle present behind anterior margin at center. Sides at base subparallel to convergent toward apex. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum glabrous, impunctate. Elytra: Surface glabrous, moderately densely punctate; striae bearing 3 rows of small, lunulate punctures. Costae evident to weak, rugae limited to apical umbone. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth in males, equidistant in females, basal tooth frequently obsolete in males, rarely obsolete in females. Mesotibial carina weakly to moderately developed, carina often ending in sharp spine. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, weakly expanded in females; metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, as long as or shorter in females; apical spurs slender in males, at least one thick or expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process slightly to strongly extended anteriorly beyond mesocoxae, weakly laterally constricted, apex variably rounded or truncate, glabrous. Metasternum rugose, weakly to moderately setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus vaguely to weakly impressed. Abdomen with a strong, medial, longitudinal depression in males, strongly concave in lateral view in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 29c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is easily separated from other species in the group based on the dorsal color pattern, strongly concave (in lateral view) abdomen of males, strongly concentrically striate pygidium, and form of the parameres. Euphoria fascifera and E. schotti are the only species in the group that occur in the United States.</p> <p>Notes. Three different color forms occur within the species (Fig. 29a, d, e). Specimens from Arizona and New Mexico, USA and Chihuahua, Mexico have the pronotum generally with four small discal markings (Fig. 29a). Adults from Baja California and Baja California Sur, Mexico generally exhibit a single large discal marking on the pronotum (Fig. 29d). The third color form corresponds to tomentous specimens with a large discal marking on the pronotum that are found in Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico (Fig. 29e). While geographically relatively constant, specimens of two color forms are occasionally found in the same locality. Other than color, pattern, and tomentous cover, no other characters were found to separate these forms.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. LeConte (1861) described the species from Baja California Sur, Mexico. He included the species in the genus Euryomia following Lacordaire’ s (1856) idea that Burmeister’ s (1842) genera were based solely on geographic distribution. Casey (1915) described Euphoria fascifera trapezium which I consider an additional color variant from Arizona, USA, and it is here reduced to synonymy.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on Baccharis sp., Haplopappus sp. (Asteraceae), Allenrolfea occidentalis (Watson) (Chenopodiaceae), Prosopis glandulosa Torreyana, Quercus sp., and in fruit traps. Adults have also been observed feeding on the beans of P. juliflora. Sleeper and Hardy (1964) observed that adults were attracted to a solution of molasses. The larvae have been found in nests of Neotoma sp. nests. Specimens have been taken between 140–1,610 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (6), July (62), August (64), September (32), October (9), November (2) (Fig. 29f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from southwestern United States to the Baja California Peninsula and the states of Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Sonora in Mexico (Fig. 29g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (215). Type material: Euryomia fascifera LeConte, 1861; holotype male at MCZ labeled “ E. fascifera Lec. // Type 3784// [silver disc with edge cut. LeConte’ s designation for Baja California]”. Euphoria fascifera trapezium Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “San Bernardino/ Ranch 3750 ft. // CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48684// trapezium/ Csy// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / fascifera/ trapezium/ Casey = By/ A.R. Hardy’78”; paralectotype female at USNM labeled “Congress Jc/ Ariz. July./ F. H. Snow// 5908// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// trapezium. 2/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48684// PARATYPE / Euphoria / fascifera/ trapezium Csy”. Other material: MEXICO (78): BAJA CALIFORNIA: Rancho El Progreso (19), El Arenoso (1), Misión San Fernando (1), Santa Rosa (1); BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR: Bahía Santa María (1), Cabo San Lucas (3), El Triunfo (3), Guerrero Negro (1), La Burrera (4), La Paz (1), Ligui (8), Loreto (2), Punta Prieta (2), Ramal de los Naranjos (5), Rosarito (1), San Antonio (5), San Bartolo (12 km W) (5), San Isidro (1), San José del Cabo (2), San Pedro (1), Santa Anita (2), Todos Santos (2); CHIHUAHUA: Moctezuma (1); SINALOA: Los Mochis (1); SONORA: El Carrizo (5), Navojoa (1). USA (134): ARIZONA: Coconino Co.: Grand Canyon (1); Cochise Co: Douglas (10), Gleeson (1), Portal (1), Rodeo (3), San Bernardino Ranch (1), Willcox (2); Gila Co.: Cutter (6), Globe (27), Hayes Mountains (1), Pinal Mountains (2), Rice (1), San Carlos Lake (1), Tonto (1); Graham Co.: Aravaipa (1); Maricopa Co.: Gila Bend (26 mi. S) (1), Granite Reef Dam (1), Phoenix (3), Tempe (2); Navajo Co.: Winslow (1); Pima Co.: Colossal Cave Mountain Park (3), Green Valley (1), Lower Madera Canyon (1), Tucson (7), Sabino Canyon (5); Pinal Co.: Florence (3), Marana (1); Yavapai Co.: Congress Junction (3); Yuma Co.: Hoodoo Well (1), Yuma (1). CALIFORNIA: Imperial Co.: Glamis (1); Kern Co.: Edwards Air Force Base (10); Riverside Co.: Cactus City (3); San Diego Co.: Borrego Sink (1), Scissors Crossing (1); San Bernardino Co.: Barstow (1), Joshua Tree (5), Joshua Tree National Park (3), Providence Mountains State Park (10), Vidal (1), Warner Springs (1). NEW MEXICO: Hidalgo Co.: Granite gap (1), Lordsburg (1), Rodeo (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51CB25585F0445CEB8FFDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D51DB22A861E42F5EBB8FEF0.text	F449F723D51DB22A861E42F5EBB8FEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria fulveola Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria fulveola Bates, 1889</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 30)</p> <p>Euphoria fulveola Bates 1889: 370. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Two paralectotypes at BMNH, not examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 60). Length 10.5–12.9 mm; width 6.0–8.0 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, tomentous, rarely shiny. Pronotum with 1 dark vitta at each side of midline; vittae longitudinal, black, covering most or all of surface. Elytra with black irregular markings, occasionally covering elytra almost entirely. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black, abdominal sternites sometimes bicolored. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, lateral declivity moderately to strongly expanded, sides strongly raised in males, weakly raised or flat in females; apex truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view, weakly reflexed in males, vaguely reflexed in females. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides at base subparallel to moderately convergent anteriorly, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum sparsely to moderately punctate; punctures small, lunulate, frequently bearing setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate,lateral rows,and 1 sparsely punctate, medial row, punctures small, lunulate to irregular, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish; apex weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, sparsely to moderately densely setose, setae as on pronotum. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, teeth frequently equidistant, basal tooth frequently weakly developed in males. Mesotibial carina moderately to strongly developed, often ending in 1 or 2 sharp spines. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, strongly expanded in females; metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, as long or shorter in females; spurs slender in males, at least 1 thick or expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly slightly or well beyond mesocoxae, apex variably rounded to truncate. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly to moderately punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to vaguely concave in males, weakly to moderately convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 30c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the weakly raised clypeal apex in males, elytral striae bearing two densely punctate lateral rows and one sparsely punctate medial row composed of small lunulate and irregular punctures, and form of the parameres. Based on the material examined, females of this species cannot be separated morphologically from females of E. avita. Nevertheless, the two species are known from different geographic areas.</p> <p>After E. vestita, this species was found to be the most frequently given in error in the literature and on identification labels to several species in the avita and geminata species-groups.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Bates (1889) described the species based on seven specimens from “ Mexico, Zacultipan in Hidalgo, Oaxaca ” and commented on the similarities with E. avita and E. vestita. Hardy (2001) erroneously listed Euphoria nigriventris Bates, a synonym of Euphoria humilis Blanchard, as a synonym of this species.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected in pine-oak forests and attracted to fruit traps. The species is known to occur between 1,160–2,228 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (36), July (12), August (1), September (2) (Fig. 30e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí in Mexico (Fig. 30f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (60). Type material: Euphoria fulveola Bates, 1886; lectotype at BMNH labeled “LECTO-/TYPE// SYN-TYPE// Oaxaca / Mexico / Hoege// Euphoria / fulveola/ Bates// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria // LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / fulveola/ Bates = By / A.R. Hardy, 78”. Other material: MEXICO (59): HIDALGO: Cardonal (1), Chapulhuacán (1), Jacala (18), Maguey Verde (3), Molango (2), Santuario (15), Tulancingo (1), Zacualtipán (2), Zimapán (1); OAXACA: Oaxaca (1); PUEBLA: La Cumbre (2), Xicotepec de Juárez (2); QUERÉTARO: El Madroño (1), Jalpán de Serra (1); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: San Luis Potosí (1), Xilitla (7).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D51DB22A861E42F5EBB8FEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D562B22B861F41C4EC31FF75.text	F449F723D562B22B861F41C4EC31FF75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria iridescens Schaum 1841	<div><p>Euphoria iridescens Schaum, 1841</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 31)</p> <p>Cetonia iridescens Schaum 1841: 45. Original combination. Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 32). Length 14.5–16.0 mm; width 8.4–9.4 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown with greenish reflections, shiny. Pronotum frequently with 2 longitudinal, irregular, dark green, dark brown, or black vittae; vittae frequently divided basally, appearing as 4 vittae, occasionally covering most of surface. Elytra with black, dark brown, or dark green markings variably covering surface. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black. Pygidium frequently with 2 whitish, longitudinal, cretaceous markings. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, frequently confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae long to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Clypeal surface as on frons, sides moderately to strongly arcuate, moderately to strongly raised in males, weakly raised in females; apex truncate in dorsal view, strongly reflexed in males, not reflexed in females. Antennal club slightly shorter than stem in males, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides near base subparallel to moderately convergent. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 rows of small, lunulate punctures and/or short grooves, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Costae evident to weak. Apex and posterior half of sides weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, weakly to moderately setose, setae minute to short. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth strongly proximal, basal tooth frequently obsolete in males. Mesotibial carina weakly developed. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, weakly expanded in females; metatarsi as long as or longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, weakly constricted at middle, apex variably rounded, glabrous. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus weakly impressed. Sternites sparsely setose medially, moderately setose laterally, setae moderate in length. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, weakly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 31c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the arcuate sides of the clypeus, antennal club as long as or shorter than the stem in both sexes, glabrous mesosternal lobe of the mesometasternal process, strongly proximal apical and medial protibial teeth, and form of the parameres. The length of the antennal club in the males varies intraspecifically in a unique way in the genus, from being as long as the stem to much shorter. Of the 32 specimens examined, only one completely melanistic specimen was observed.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Schaum (1841) described E. iridescens based on a specimen from Guatemala. Burmeister (1842) transferred the species to his newly created genus Erirhipis and placed it in “Group 1” together with E. geminata and E. vestita. Casey (1915) treated Erirhipis as a subgenus of Euphoria not including E. iridescens. Casey (1915) commented on the possibility of this species forming a completely new subgenus together with E. mystica but did not proceed that way due to the lack of material. Lastly, Hardy (2001) included the species in his “ herbacea group” (Table 4).</p> <p>Natural History. Specimens have been collected in banana traps up to 2,200 m elevation. Adults have been observed feeding on the sap of Cassia grandis L. (Fabaceae) (Solís 2004).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (1), May (1), August (1), October (8), December (3) (Fig. 31e). Solís (2004) reported that adults are present yearround in Costa Rica.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Guerrero, Mexico to Costa Rica (Fig. 31f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (32). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype female at MHNG labeled “Schaum/ TYPE// iridescens/ Schaum/ Guatemala // Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Other material: COSTA RICA (8): GUANACASTE: Playas del Coco (1), Parque Nacional Santa Rosa (4) Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja (1); PUNTARENAS: Santa Elena (1); SAN JOSÉ: San José (1). GUATEMALA (3): GUATEMALA: Santa Elena Barrillas (1), no data (1); NO DATA: (1). HONDURAS (6): COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (1); CORTÉS: Omoa (1); FRANCISCO MORAZÁN: Tegucigalpa (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (3). MEXICO (12): CHIAPAS: La Trinitaria (3), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (2), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (2); GUERRERO: Ixcateopán (1); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (1); PUEBLA: Yucunduchi (1); NO DATA: “Mexico” (2). NICARAGUA (2): CARAZO: San Marcos (1); GRANADA: Granada (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D562B22B861F41C4EC31FF75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D563B22887D64179E9F2FB4E.text	F449F723D563B22887D64179E9F2FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria lacandona Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria lacandona Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 32)</p> <p>Type Material (16). Holotype male labeled “ MEXICO: Chiapas: 26Km./ W. SanCristobal ‘ Casas / 2100m 28 July 1977 / E. Fisher, P. Sullivan ” and with my red holotype label (UNSM). Paratypes (15) with the following data: as holotype (2 CDFA, 3 JOAC, 3 PHSC, 2 UAIC, 2 UCRC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas: 26Km.+/ W. SanCristobal ‘ Casas / 2100m 28 July 1977 / E. Fisher, P. Sullivan // Euphoria / vestita/ DET. G&amp;P/ H. F. HOWDEN 94” (1 PHSC), “ MEXICO: CHIAPAS / SUMIDERO CANYON/ D.B. THOMAS COLL/ 10 SEPT 1999 ” (1 CMNC); “ MEXICO, Chis. 11mi. / W.SanCristobal de/ las Casas, 7300’/ VI-4-1974 C.W&amp;L./ O’ Brien &amp; Marshall” (1 WBWC). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male (Fig. 32a). Length 11.1 mm; width 6.2 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, mostly tomentous. Pronotum shiny on apex and anterolateral angles, tomentous elsewhere, with 1 longitudinal, irregular, black vitta on each side of midline; vittae not covering midline or lateral margins, each split from middle to base. Elytra with few black, irregular markings distributed on disc. Ventral surface, including legs, light to dark brown, abdominal sternites bicolored. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent laterally, densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides strongly raised, lateral declivity strongly expanded; apex moderately reflexed, vaguely sinuate in dorsal view, weakly to moderately sinuate in frontal view; surface as on frons. Antennal club as long as stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small, densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish. Sides strongly convergent anteriorly, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum vaguely emarginate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, punctures small, mostly distributed on basal sides. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 irregular rows of small, lunulate punctures, irregular punctures, or short grooves, moderately densely setose, setae short to long. Costae weakly developed. Apex weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately setose; setae short, yellowish. Legs: Surface densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Protibiae slender, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth weakly developed. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatarsi longer than metatibiae. Metatibial spurs slender, apex sharp. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae, apex rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, sparsely punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen flat in lateral view. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 32c.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (14 males) are similar to the holotype except in the following: Length 10.1–12.4 mm; width 5.9–7.0 mm. Color: Pronotum yellowish brown with black vittae or entirely black, vitta split or fused at base, variable in shape. Head: Clypeal apex moderately to strongly raised. Antennal club as long as or slightly shorter than stem. Pronotum: Base in front of scutellum vaguely to strongly emarginate. Legs: Mesotibial carina weakly to moderately developed. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly to the same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is close to E. avita but is separated from it by the subparallel sides of the clypeus (weakly convergent in E. avita), clypeal apex moderately to strongly raised (strongly raised in E. avita), clypeal apex weakly to moderately sinuate in frontal view (deeply sinuate in E. avita), antennal club as long as or slightly shorter than stem in males (longer than stem in E. avita males), pronotal and elytral punctation, and form of the parameres. The female is unknown.</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known of its biology.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (14), September (1) (Fig. 32e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from the state of Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 32f).</p> <p>Etymology. The Lacandones are a Mayan group that inhabits the area where this species is found. “Lacandona” is the feminine Spanish word for a member of this group.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D563B22887D64179E9F2FB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D560B22985EC4496E9FCFEF0.text	F449F723D560B22985EC4496E9FCFEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria mystica Thomson 1878	<div><p>Euphoria mystica Thomson, 1878</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 33)</p> <p>Euphoria mystica Thomson 1878: 27. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 21). Length 12.9–15.2 mm; width 6.9–9.4 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown to dark brown, anterior half shiny, posterior half tomentous. Pronotum shiny, unicolored in males, with 4 longitudinal, irregular, dark vittae in females. Elytra tomentous, with black to dark brown markings, markings frequently covering most of surface. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown, reddish brown, or a combination of these colors. Head: Frons frequently with strongly raised, longitudinal ridge at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides moderately raised in males, weakly raised in females; apex truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view, strongly reflexed in males, weakly reflexed in females. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures small, round to lunulate, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Sides at base weakly convergent anteriorly, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, some bearing short, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3 irregular rows of small, lunulate or irregular punctures, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Costae sometimes weak. Apical declivity and posterior sides weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely to densely setose, setae short to moderate in size. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth in males, frequently equidistant in females, basal tooth frequently obsolete to subobsolete in both sexes. Metatibiae not apically expanded in both sexes, metatarsi shorter than metatibiae in females, unknown in males (tarsi missing, presumably as long or longer). Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, apex variably rounded. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly to moderately punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus weakly to strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly concave in males, flat to weakly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 33c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria mystica is separated from other species in the group by the shiny pronotum, tomentous elytra, densely punctate scutellum, and form of the parameres. Sakai and Nagai (1998) misidentified this species as E. subguttata (Appendix 5).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Thomson (1878) described this species based on a male specimen from “ Mexico ”. Additional specimens in the MNHN are labeled “ Euphoria segmentata Guerin ”, but this name was never published and is therefore unavailable.</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known of its biology.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. March (2), May (1), August (2), September (1) (Fig. 33e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Veracruz and Chiapas, Mexico and Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (Fig. 33f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (21). Type material: Holotype male at MNHN labeled “mex// Ex-musaeo/ VAN LANSBERGE// MUSÉUM PARIS/ COLL. R. OBERTHUR” and my holotype label. Other material: GUATEMALA (3): ALTA VERAPAZ: Baleu (1), Panzós (1); NO DATA: Guatemala (1). MEXICO (17): CHIAPAS: Jetja (1), Pueblo Nuevo (1), Rancho Santa Rosa (2), San Antonio (3). VERACRUZ. Córdoba (1), Orizaba (3), Soteapan (2), Xalapa (3), Xico (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D560B22985EC4496E9FCFEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D561B22985B141C4EC09F946.text	F449F723D561B22985B141C4EC09F946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria nicaraguensis Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria nicaraguensis Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 34)</p> <p>Type Material (17). Holotype male labeled “ Nicaragua, El. 1400m / Cerro Chimborazo,/ 13°02′ N 85°56′ W / 20 Nov. 71, Stockwell// EUPHORIA / N. SP. nr schotti/ Det. Hardy ” and with my red holotype label (CMNC). Allotype female labeled “ NICARAGUA: Matagalpa:/ Selva Negra: 1300m / 5-XII-2003 // MEL-MAES 452614” and with my yellow allotype label (CMNC). Paratypes (15) with the following data: as holotype (1 JOAC); “ NICA: Matagalpa:/ Fuente Pura / 11-xi-96/ Leg. E. Van Den Bergue // Euphoria / vestita/ (G&amp;P)/ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 1997” (1 JOAC, 2 JMM); “Nica: Matagalpa:/ Fuente Pura/ 5-xi-94/ Mes/Johnson// EUPHORIA / VESTITA/ (G&amp;P)/ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 1995” (4 BCRC); “MatagalpaD Nic / Fuente Pura / 11 Nov 96/ E vandenBergue// EUPHORIA / VESTITA/ G&amp;P/ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2005” (1 BCRC); “MatagalpaD Nic / FuenteDura [sic]/ 11 Nov 96/ E vandenBergue// EUPHORIA / VESTITA/ G&amp;P/ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2005” (1 BCRC); “MatagalpaD Nic / FuenteDura [sic]/ 11 Nov 96/ E vandenBergue// Unidentified / Cetoniinae // DJ Curoe/ collection// 14” (1 DJCC); “ NICARAGUA / Matagalpa Dist. / Fuente Pura. / 28 XII 1994 / leg. Van den Berghe ” (2 ADMC); NICARAGUA:/ Matagalpa Dist. / Fuente Pura / 11 November ‘96/ E. vandenBerghe// Euphoria vestita / (Gory and Percheron, 1833)/ det. A. Mudge, 2011” (2 ADMC). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 14.9 mm width 8.0 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, mostly tomentous. Pronotum shiny on apex and anterolateral angles, tomentous elsewhere, with 1 longitudinal, black vitta on each side of midline; vittae not covering midline or lateral margin, each with a circular, yellowish brown marking at middle. Elytra with black, irregular markings distributed mostly on costae and sides. Ventral surface, including legs, light to dark brown, abdominal sternites bicolored. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent laterally, densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides strongly raised, lateral declivity strongly expanded; apex moderately reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view; surface as on frons. Antennal club longer than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small, densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Sides strongly convergent anteriorly, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, punctures small. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 3–4 irregular rows of small, lunulate or irregular punctures, moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Costae weakly developed. Apical declivity and posterior sides weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Surface densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Protibiae slender, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth subobsolete. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatarsi longer than metatibiae. Metatibial spurs slender, apices sharp. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae, apex rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, sparsely punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view weakly concave.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except in the following: Length 12.4 mm; width 8.7 mm. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, sparsely setose, setae short. Clypeal sides weakly raised, apex weakly reflexed. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Shiny on anterior half, tomentous on posterior half, moderately setose, setae short to moderate in length. Legs: Protibiae robust. Metatarsi shorter than metatibiae. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (14 males, 1 female) are similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 14.3–14.9 mm; width 8.0– 8.4 mm. Color: Pronotum yellowish brown with black vittae or entirely black, black areas frequently with a green hint. Head: Clypeus subquadrate to subrectangular. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 34c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the larger body size, clypeal declivity strongly developed, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known of its biology.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. November (14), December (3) (Fig. 34d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from Nicaragua (Fig. 34e).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for the country of origin (Nicaragua) plus the Latin adjectival suffix “ ensis ” meaning “pertaining to, originating in”, together referring to being from Nicaragua.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D561B22985B141C4EC09F946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D566B22E85D040A7EC70F946.text	F449F723D566B22E85D040A7EC70F946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria paradisiaca Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria paradisiaca Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 35)</p> <p>Type Material (10). Holotype male labeled “ PANAMA, Chiriqui / Prov. 2Km W Cerro/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.6/lat 8.85)">Punta</a> 1720m 8°51′N / 82°36′W 1-7. VI. 77/ H. &amp; A. Howden ” and with my red holotype label (CMNC). Allotype female labeled “Monte Verde. 4000’/ Puntarenas Prov. / Costa Rica / IX-12-71/ P. Opler Coll // O.T. S. Ecosyst / Analysis/ Specimen # 13363” and with my yellow allotype label (UCB). Paratypes (8) with the following data: as holotype (2 CMNC, 1 JOAC, 1 UNSM); “ COSTA RICA. Punt. Monteverde. 1400m / 24.VIII.1987 / H. &amp; A,. Howden.// Euphoria / chontalensis/ Det. ASolis” (1 CMNC); “Nicaragua/ Jinotega / 20-VIII-89/ F. Reinboldt / EUPHORIA / SP./ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 1991 // Euphoria sp. (Nicaragua,/ Paraguay) (2)// MEL/ MAES 17972 ” (1 JMMC); “ PANAMA: Chiriqui Pr./ Bambito, el. 1650m. 18-21-VI-1994 / A.R. Gillogly// Intercept / Trap” (1 CASC); “ COSTA RICA: Puntar:/ Monteverde, 1400-/ 1500m. 13 14 Aug, 76/ E. M. Fisher, collr.// ARH// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences// precaria?” (1 CASC). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male (Fig. 35a). Length 13.0 mm width 7.9 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown with dark brown markings, tomentous. Pronotum with 1 longitudinal, black vitta on each side of midline covering most of its surface; vittae not covering anterior or basal margins, each with a circular, yellowish brown marking at middle. Elytra mostly yellowish brown with dark brown markings distributed on scutellar, humeral, lateral, and apical areas. Ventral surface, including legs, reddish brown. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent laterally, densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides weakly raised, lateral declivity moderately expanded; apex moderately reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view; surface densely punctate on basal half, moderately densely punctate on apical half. Antennal club longer than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small, densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Sides strongly convergent anteriorly, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum sparsely punctate, punctures small, mostly on basal portion. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2–3 irregular rows of small, lunulate or irregular punctures, middle row frequently obsolete, moderately densely setose, setae short to long. Costae moderately developed. Apex and sides posteriorly weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Surface densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Protibiae slender, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth weakly developed. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatarsi longer than metatibiae. Metatibial spurs slender, apices sharp. Apex of metatibiae not strongly expanded. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extended anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae, apex weakly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, sparsely punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus weakly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view weakly concave. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 35c.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except in the following: Length 15.5 mm; width 8.2 mm. Color: Pronotal vitta not covering midline. Head: Clypeal sides weakly raised, apex weakly reflexed. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Shiny on anterior half and sides. Scutellum mostly impunctate, with few small punctures at base. Legs: Protibiae robust, apical and medial teeth strongly developed, basal tooth weakly developed. Apex of metatibiae strongly expanded. Abdomen in lateral view weakly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (6 males, 2 females) are similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 13.1–15.6 mm; width 7.8–9.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface entirely yellowish brown with few dark brown markings to entirely dark brown with few yellowish brown markings. Pronotal vitta variable in shape, from almost covering the pronotum entirely to reduced to small markings. Head: Frons occasionally with weak middle ridge.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the body size, strongly developed lateral declivity of the clypeus, and form of the parameres. Euphoria paradisiaca appears in Solís (2004) as E. chontalensis (Appendix 5). Euphoria paradisiaca is easily separated from E. chontalensis based on the subparallel sides of the clypeus (arcuate in E. chontalensis), sinuate apex of the clypeus (entire in E. chontalensis), absence of cretaceous markings on the pygidium (present in E. chontalensis), and form of the male parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. According to Solís (2004), adult specimens are attracted to ripe banana and have been observed feeding on fallen fruits of Ficus sp. at elevations between 1,000 –2,000 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (5), August (2), November (1) (Fig. 35f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama (Fig. 35g).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the feminine form of the Latin “ paradisiacus ” meaning “of or belonging to paradise” and referring to the geographic area the species inhabits.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D566B22E85D040A7EC70F946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D567B22F85F140A7EBFDFCE8.text	F449F723D567B22F85F140A7EBFDFCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria schotti LeConte 1853	<div><p>Euphoria schotti LeConte, 1853</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 36)</p> <p>Euphoria schotti LeConte 1853: 441. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MCZ designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Two paralectotypes at MCZ, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 8). Length 10.3–11.1 mm; width 6.2–6.6 mm. Color: Dorsal surface reddish brown to black, mostly tomentous. Pronotum with 2 black vittae covering most of pronotum, sides and apex shiny, tomentous elsewhere. Elytra with small yellowish markings. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, many confluent, sparsely to densely setose; setae yellowish, long to moderate in length. Clypeus subrectangular, sides weakly raised; apex weakly reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, bisinuate in frontal view, surface as on frons. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round, small, densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Sides weakly angulate, moderately convergent anteriorly at base. Base in front of scutellum strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate, lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate, medial row; punctures small to moderate, lunulate to irregular, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Apex and posterior half of sides weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, sparsely setose; setae as on pronotum. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete. Metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, as long as or shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae, glabrous. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely to moderately setose medially, moderately setose laterally, setae moderate in size. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 36d.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from others in the group by the bisinuate apex of the clypeus and form of the parameres. Euphoria schotti and E. fascifera are the only species of the group present in the United States.</p> <p>Notes. This species can be considered rare since only eight specimens, including the types, were found in the collections examined. No recently collected specimens are known.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. LeConte (1853) described this species from specimens from Eagle Pass, Texas, USA (lectotype Fig. 36e, paralectotypes Fig. 36f–g). Hardy (2001) erroneously listed E. vestita and Euphoria irregularis Gory and Percheron as synonyms of this species.</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known of the biology of this species.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. Unknown.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, USA and Nuevo León, Mexico (Fig. 36h). Apart from the type locality, this species is only known in Texas from Big Bend National Park (Brewster County) (Riley and Wolfe 2003).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (8). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Lectotype male at MCZ labeled “[dark red disc =Texas]// schotti 3// Lectotype/ E. schotti Lec. / by/ A.R. Hardy 1977”. Paralectotype female at MCZ labeled “[dark red disc =Texas]// E. Schottii/ Lec.// Type/ 3785// Paralectotype/ E. schotti Lec. / By A.R.Hardy 1977// Jan.-Jul. 2005/ MCZ Image/ Database”. Paralectotype female at MCZ labeled “[dark red disc =Texas]// schottii 2// Type/ 3785// Paralectotype/ E. schotti Lec. / By A.R.Hardy ‘77”. Other material: MEXICO (2): NUEVO LEÓN: Monterrey (1). NO DATA (1). USA (3): ARIZONA: No data (1). NEW MEXICO: San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas (1); No data (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D567B22F85F140A7EBFDFCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D567B22C87EA43FFEA3EFA55.text	F449F723D567B22C87EA43FFEA3EFA55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria submaculosa (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria submaculosa (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 37)</p> <p>Cetonia submaculosa Gory and Percheron 1833: 58, 211. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG here designated. One paralectotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 47). Length 13.2–15.3 mm; width 7.5–8.7 mm. Color: Dorsal surface with bright green to bright yellowish green reflections, tomentous. Elytra with small, yellowish brown or orangish brown markings. Ventral surface and pygidium, including legs, light brown, dark brown, or reddish brown, frequently with green reflections. Head: Frons moderately to strongly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, large, frequently confluent, densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides subparallel, moderately raised, lateral declivity moderately developed; apex truncate in dorsal view, moderately sinuate in frontal view, moderately reflexed in males, weakly reflexed in females; surface as on frons. Antennal club longer than stem in males, as long as or slightly shorter than stem in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate in size, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Sides weakly angulate to evenly rounded, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate, lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate, medial row; punctures small, lunulate to irregular, lateral rows frequently with short grooves, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish; apex and sides posteriorly weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely to densely setose, setae short to moderate. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly developed in males, moderately developed in females. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, apically expanded in females; metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly well beyond mesocoxae. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, sparsely to moderately densely punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, moderately convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 37c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the greenish body with yellowish and brown markings, subrectangular clypeus, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. Nothing is known about the biology of this species.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (2), August (3), September (3), October (2) (Fig. 37d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz, Mexico (Fig. 37e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (47). Type material: Lectotype male at MHNG here designated labeled “Gory/ TYPE// Submaculosa/ G. et P. B/ Mexico // Coll. Melly ” and my lectotype label. Paralectotype male at MHNG labeled “Coll. Melly ” and my paralectotype label. Other material: MEXICO (45): OAXACA: Santiago Chazumba (1), Temascál (1), no data (1); PUEBLA: Huachinango (1), no data (1); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (8), Coscomatepec (1), Fortín de las Flores (4), Huatusco (3), Orizaba (4), San Pedro de Soteapan (2), Teocelo (3), Xalapa (7); NO DATA: “Mexica, San Pedro, Calif.” (1), “ Mexico ” (5). SUSPECT RECORDS (1): “Ecuador” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D567B22C87EA43FFEA3EFA55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D564B22D85AE4598EC3AFD6D.text	F449F723D564B22D85AE4598EC3AFD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria vestita (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria vestita (Gory and Percheron, 1833) status revised</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 38)</p> <p>Cetonia vestita Gory and Percheron 1833: 271. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined. As synonym of Euphoria schotti LeConte by Hardy (2001).</p> <p>Description (n = 202). Length 10.6–15.7 mm; width 6.1–9.1 mm. Color: Dorsal surface light brown, dark brown, yellowish brown, or reddish brown, tomentous, rarely shiny. Pronotum with 1 longitudinal, irregular vitta on each side of midline, occasionally covering surface entirely. Elytra with small, brown to black, irregular markings, markings occasionally covering most of elytra. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black. Head: Frons frequently weakly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent laterally, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, sides moderately to strongly raised in males, weakly raised in females, lateral declivity strongly expanded; apex truncate in dorsal view, sinuate in frontal view, strongly reflexed in males, weakly raised in females; surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Antennal club twice as long as stem in males, shorter than stem in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate in size, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides weakly angulate to evenly rounded, subparallel to convergent towards apex at base, anterior corners with few rugae. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum mostly impunctate, rarely with a few punctures bearing setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate, lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate, medial row; punctures small, lunulate to irregular, lateral rows frequently with long grooves, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish; apex and sides posteriorly weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely to densely setose, setae short to moderate. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth frequently obsolete in males. Metatibiae not apically expanded in males, expanded apically in females; metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females; spurs slender in males, lanceolate in females. Venter: Proepimeron deeply excavated anteriorly. Mesometasternal process weakly to moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or well beyond. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose laterally, moderately densely to densely setose laterally, sparsely to moderately densely punctate and sparsely setose at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly convex in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 38d.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the subrectangular clypeus, antennal club of males twice as long as stem, proepimeron deeply excavated anteriorly, and form of the parameres. Adults vary considerably in body size and shape of the mesometasternal process.</p> <p>Notes. The amount of intraspecific variation observed is higher for E. vestita than for any other member of the genus (Fig. 38e, f, g). The mesometasternal process can be weakly to moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to the same level as the mesocoxae or well beyond. Darker specimens (Fig. 38f) tend to be more prevalent in the southern part of the species’ geographic distribution but can also be found elsewhere. Specimens can range from 10.6–15.7 mm in length and 6.1–9.1 mm in width.</p> <p>Euphoria vestita was the name most frequently given in error on identification labels to several species in the avita and geminata species-groups.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Olivier (1789) described Cetonia irregularis without any locality information. Say (1825) described Cetonia vestita as occurring in the United States but from a mislabeled specimen of the European Tropinota hirta (Poda). Gory and Percheron (1833) described Cetonia vestita based on a Mexican specimen without any reference to the species from Say. In the same work, Gory and Percheron (1833) redescribed Cetonia irregularis Olivier based on a misidentified specimen from Mexico.</p> <p>Burmeister (1842) and Bates (1889) used Cetonia vestita Gory and Percheron as the original combination for the species and included Cetonia irregularis Gory and Percheron as a synonym. Hardy (2001) incorrectly put Cetonia vestita Gory and Percheron in synonymy with Euphoria schotti LeConte.</p> <p>Currently, Cetonia irregularis Olivier is a synonym of the South African Elaphinis cinereonebulosa De Geer. Cetonia vestita Say (= Tropinota hirta) has not been used as a valid name since it was published. Instead, Euphoria vestita Gory and Percheron has been consistently used as the presumed valid name in the literature. Cetonia irregularis Gory and Percheron is placed as incertae sedis since the type is unknown to me (probably lost).</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been captured on Acacia sp. and Quercus sp. and have been found in dry mesophytic forests. Morón et al. (1997) observed the species resting on Mimosa sp. and Bursera cuneata (Schl.). Adults have been collected between 1,500 –2,000 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (4), June (67), July (100), August (7), September (1) (Fig. 38h).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Durango, Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Sinaloa, Mexico (Fig. 38i). Morón et al. (1997) also recorded the species from Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (202). Type material: Holotype female at MNHN labeled “TYPE// Vestita/ G. P. Type/ irregularis G. P./ Mex// Ex-Musaeo/ Dejean// Ex-Musaeo/ JAMES THOMSON// MUSÉUM PARIS/ COLL. R. OBERTHUR// TYPE”. Other material: MEXICO (201): DURANGO: Durango (1), El Palmito (2), El Salto (1), Revolcaderos (3); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Ixtapan de la Sal (3), Tonatico (2); GUERRERO: Cacahuamilpa (1), Chilpancingo (1), El Tejocote (1), Taxco (1); JALISCO: Autlán (1), Los Mazos (4), Volcán Colima (2); MICHOACÁN: Carapán (7), Cherán (1), Morelia (2), Tuxpan (1), Tzararacua (1), Uruapan (2); MORELOS: Cuernavaca (8); OAXACA: Díaz Ordaz (2), San Juan Juquila Mixes (1), La Cumbre (30), Miahuatlán (1), Oaxaca (46), San Benito (3), San Felipe del Agua (2), Tlacolula (7), Teotitlán (50); PUEBLA: Atlixco (1), San Hipolito (8); SINALOA: El Palmito (2), Loberas (2); NO DATA: (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D564B22D85AE4598EC3AFD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D565B22387E84370ECE7FBD3.text	F449F723D565B22387E84370ECE7FBD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria geminata Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria geminata Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 4a–o)</p> <p>Species in this group have a sinuate clypeal apex, antennal club sexually dimorphic in length (longer in males than in females), clypeal sides not strongly raised, pronotum frequently vittate, pronotal base vaguely to moderately emarginate in front of scutellum, mesometasternal process not strongly extended beyond the mesocoxae, protibiae sexually dimorphic (slender in males, robust in females, except in E. kernii), meso- and metatarsal length sexually dimorphic (as long as or longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females), and apex of the metatibiae moderately to strongly expanded in females. Many of the species in this group are highly similar in general appearance but are separated authoritatively using the characters provided in the key. The most useful characters for identification are the shape of the clypeus, punctation on the dorsum, and form of the male genitalia.</p> <p>Euphoria kernii represents a challenge when trying to place it in a group as it possesses a combination of unique characters. The protibiae, aedeagal shape, and the mesometasternal process are similar to those found in species of the areata and discicollis species-groups. It also shows affinities with species in the pulchella species-group (elytral grooves, dorsal vestiture), but the clypeal shape, pronotal base, and geographic distribution suggest it would be better placed in the geminata species-group.</p> <p>Composition. Ten species are included in this group: E. casselberryi Robinson, E. eximia Bates, E. geminata (Chevrolat), E. hidrocalida Orozco, new species, E. humilis Blanchard, E. kernii Haldeman, E. mayita Orozco, new species, E. montana Orozco, new species, E. quadricollis Bates, and E. vittata Orozco, new species.</p> <p>Natural History. The sexes are dimorphic in some of the species, suggesting different mating strategies than for some of the species in the other groups. The protibial teeth of the males of most species are frequently completely abraded, suggesting they may dig in the soil.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GEMINATA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>(The males of E. hidrocalida are unknown.)</p> <p>1. Elytral striae formed almost exclusively by deeply impressed grooves. Dorsal surface never tomentous (Fig. 44a, d, e). Parameres as in Fig. 44c............................................. E. kernii Haldeman (p. 79)</p> <p>1′. Elytral striae not as above. Dorsal surface tomentous to shiny. Parameres not as in Fig. 44c...................................................2</p> <p>2(1′). Metasternum variably covered by whitish, cretaceous markings. Elytra frequently with long, black band on costae (Fig. 41a, d). Dorsum tomentous...................................................... E. geminata (Chevrolat) (p. 76)</p> <p>2′. Metasternum without cretaceous markings. Elytra never with long, black band on costae. Dorsum tomentous or shiny......3</p> <p>3(2′). Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly concave (males)......................................4</p> <p>3′. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex (females)...............................................10</p> <p>4(3). Antennal club twice as long as stem. Pronotum and pygidium with cretaceous markings (Fig. 40a).......................................................... E. eximia Bates (p. 75)</p> <p>4′. Antennal club less than twice as long as stem. Pronotum and pygidium without cretaceous markings...............................5</p> <p>5(4′). Elytral strial punctation well defined, with long grooves or double grooves............6</p> <p>5′. Elytral strial punctation weakly defined, without long grooves or double grooves................................................................7</p> <p>6(5). Clypeus as in Fig. 43b. Parameres as in Fig. 43c.... E. humilis Blanchard (p. 78)</p> <p>6′. Clypeus as in Fig. 48b. Parameres as in Fig. 48c......................................................... E. vittata Orozco, new species (p. 84)</p> <p>7(5′). Protibial teeth strongly oblique to tibial shaft. Clypeus as in Fig. 45b. Parameres as in Fig. 45c................................................... E. mayita Orozco, new species (p. 81)</p> <p>7′. Protibial teeth perpendicular to tibial shaft. Clypeus not as in Fig. 45b. Genitalia not as in Fig. 45c............................................ 8</p> <p>8(7′). Scutellum black or with black margin. Clypeus as in Fig. 39b........................................ E. casselberryi Robinson (p. 74)</p> <p>8′. Scutellum entirely yellowish brown. Clypeus not as in Fig. 39b...................... 9</p> <p>9(8′). Clypeus as in Fig. 47b. Parameres as in Fig. 47c..... E. quadricollis Bates (p. 83)</p> <p>9′. Clypeus as in Fig. 46b. Parameres as in Fig. 46c.................. E. montana Orozco, new species (p. 82)</p> <p>10(3′). Body length &lt;10 mm (Fig. 42a)......................................... E. hidrocalida Orozco, new species (p. 77)</p> <p>10′. Body length&gt; 10 mm........................... 11</p> <p>11(10′). Pronotum shiny....................................12</p> <p>11′. Pronotum tomentous or partially tomentous................................................................... 15</p> <p>12(11). Scutellum densely punctate. Clypeus as in Fig. 39b........................................................... E. casselberryi Robinson (p. 74)</p> <p>12′. Scutellum impunctate or sparsely punctate. Clypeus not as Fig. 39b............... 13</p> <p>13(12′). Elytral striae with long grooves or double grooves.... E. humilis Blanchard (p. 78)</p> <p>13′. Elytral striae without long grooves or double grooves........................................ 14</p> <p>14(13′). Pronotal base impunctate. Clypeus as in Fig. 47b........ E. quadricollis Bates (p. 83)</p> <p>14′. Pronotum punctate at base. Clypeus as in Fig. 40b............ E. eximia Bates (p. 75)</p> <p>15(11′). Pygidial apex light-colored. Clypeus as in Fig. 46b................. E. montana Orozco, new species (p. 82)</p> <p>15′. Pygidial apex same color as rest of pygidium. Clypeus not as Fig. 46b......................... 16</p> <p>16(15′). Clypeus as in Fig. 48b................................. E. vittata Orozco, new species (p. 84)</p> <p>16′. Clypeus as in Fig. 45b.................................... E. mayita Orozco, new species (p. 81)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO GEMINATA</p> <p>(Los machos de E. hidrocalida son desconocidos.)</p> <p>1. Estrías elitrales formadas casi exclusivamente por surcos profundos. Superficie dorsal nunca tomentosa (Fig. 44a, d, e). Parámeros como en la Fig. 44c............................................................ E. kernii Haldeman (p. 79)</p> <p>1′. Estrías elitrales no como en la anterior. Superficie dorsal tomentosa o brillante. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 44c........2</p> <p>2(1′). Metasterno parcial o totalmente cubierto por máculas cretáceas blanquecinas. Élitros frecuentemente con bandas largas y negras sobre las costas (Fig.41a, d). Dorso tomentoso................ E. geminata (Chevrolat) (p. 76)</p> <p>2′. Metasterno sin máculas cretáceas. Élitros sin bandas largas y negras sobre las costas. Dorso tomentoso o brillante.................... 3</p> <p>3(2′). Abdomen plano o ligeramente cóncavo en vista lateral (machos)........................4</p> <p>3′. Abdomen fuertemente convexo en vista lateral (hembras)...................................10</p> <p>4(3). Maza antenal 2 veces más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Pronoto y pigídio con máculas cretáceas (Fig. 40a)........................... E. eximia Bates (p. 75)</p> <p>4′. Maza antenal menos de 2 veces mas larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Pronoto y pigídio sin máculas cretáceas............... 5</p> <p>5(4′). Punteaduras estriales elitrales bien definidas, con surcos largos o dobles......................... 6</p> <p>5′. Punteaduras estriales elitrales levemente definidas, sin surcos de ningún tipo......7</p> <p>6(5). Clípeo como en la Fig. 43b. Parámeros como en la Fig. 43c.................................................. E. humilis Blanchard (p. 78)</p> <p>6′. Clípeo como en la Fig. 48b. Parámeros como en la Fig. 48c..... E. vittata Orozco, nueva especie (p. 84)</p> <p>7(5′). Dientes protibiales fuertemente oblicuos a la tibia. Clípeo como en la Fig. 45b. Parámeros como en la Fig. 45c......................... E. mayita Orozco, nueva especie (p. 81)</p> <p>7′. Dientes protibiales perpendiculares a la tibia. Clípeo no como en la Fig. 45b. Parámeros no como en la Fig. 45c........ 8</p> <p>8(7′). Escutelo negro o con margen negro. Clípeo como en la Fig. 39b................................................ E. casselberryi Robinson (p. 74)</p> <p>8′. Escutelo café-amarillento. Clípeo no como en la Fig. 39b............................................9</p> <p>9(8′). Clípeo como en la Fig. 47b. Parámeros como en la Fig. 47c................................................... E. quadricollis Bates (p. 83)</p> <p>9′. Clípeo como en la Fig. 46b. Parámeros como en la Fig. 46c.............. E. montana Orozco, nueva especie (p. 82)</p> <p>10(3′). Longitud corporal &lt;10 mm (Fig. 42a)................................ E. hidrocalida Orozco, nueva especie (p. 77)</p> <p>10′. Longitud corporal&gt; 10 mm..................11</p> <p>11(10′). Pronoto brillante...................................12</p> <p>11′. Pronoto parcial o completamente tomentoso................................................................... 15</p> <p>12(11). Escutelo densamente punteado. Clípeo como en la Fig. 39b............................................ E. casselberryi Robinson (p. 74)</p> <p>12′. Escutelo sin punteaduras o con punteaduras dispersas. Clípeo no como en la Fig. 39b................................................................... 13</p> <p>13(12′). Estrías elitrales con surcos largos o dobles.................. E. humilis Blanchard (p. 78)</p> <p>13′. Estrías elitrales sin surcos largos o dobles..............................................................14</p> <p>14(13′). Pronoto sin punteaduras en la base. Clípeo como en la Fig. 47b....................................................... E. quadricollis Bates (p. 83)</p> <p>14′. Pronoto con punteaduras en la base. Clípeo como en la Fig. 40b................................................................... E. eximia Bates (p. 75)</p> <p>15(11′). Ápice del pigídio con tonalidad más clara que el resto del pigídio. Clípeo como en la Fig. 46b................. E. montana Orozco, nueva especie (p. 82)</p> <p>15′. Ápice del pigídio del mismo color que el resto del pigídio. Clípeo no como en la Fig. 46b................................................ 16</p> <p>16(15′). Clípeo como en la Fig. 48b.......................... E. vittata Orozco, nueva especie (p. 84)</p> <p>16′. Clípeo como en la Fig. 45b..... E. mayita Orozco, nueva especie (p. 81)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D565B22387E84370ECE7FBD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D56BB22087F944ECECDEFE66.text	F449F723D56BB22087F944ECECDEFE66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria casselberryi Robinson 1937	<div><p>Euphoria casselberryi Robinson, 1937</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 39)</p> <p>Euphoria casselberryi Robinson 1937: 163. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 36). Length 10.7–12.9 mm; width 6.5–7.7mm. Color: Sexually dimorphic. Males: Surface tomentous or shiny, pronotum yellowish brown to orangish brown, pronotum with 1 large black vitta on each side of midline, occasionally covering surface entirely. Elytra yellowish brown to orangish brown, sparse black markings dispersed on humerus and disc. Venter light brown to black. Females: Surface shiny, pronotum black, occasionally with orangish brown markings at apex, base, and sides. Elytra black, occasionally with orangish brown markings dispersed through disc. Venter black. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, sparsely to densely setose; setae yellowish, long to moderate in length. Clypeus subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, laterally expanded in dorsal view, sides flat to slightly raised; apex not raised, sinuate; punctation and setae as on frons. Antennal club slightly shorter than stem in males, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, moderate in size, sides with few rugae, sparsely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Base in front of scutellum vaguely to weakly sinuate. Sides weakly to moderately angulate. Scutellum sparsely to densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, bearing short to moderately long setae. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 rows of small, lunulate, punctures or short grooves, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae moderately impressed, evenly spaced, weakly to moderately setose; setae as on pronotum. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, teeth equidistant, basal tooth frequently weakly developed. Mesotibial carina strongly developed, carina often ending in 1 or 2 sharp spines. Metatibiae moderately expanded apically in both sexes, metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, strongly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose medially, moderately setose laterally, setae moderate in size. Abdomen in lateral view flat to vaguely concave in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 39c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the sexually dimorphic coloration (elytra yellowish brown in males [Fig. 39a], mostly black in females [Fig. 39d]), apex of clypeus not strongly reflexed, elytral strial punctation weakly defined (without long grooves or double grooves), protibial teeth perpendicular, and scutellum sparsely to densely punctate and entirely black or with black margins.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. This species was described from four female specimens collected in the Davis Mountains, Texas, USA.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults are attracted to light traps. The largest series collected is composed entirely of males that were observed flying close to the ground in the afternoon after the first heavy rain of the season in Texas (Juan Limón and David G. Marqua, personal communication). The species has been collected between 1,700–2,100 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (21), July (1), August (1) (Fig. 39e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from southwest Texas, USA and Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico (Fig. 39f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (36). Type material: Euphoria casselberryi Robinson, 1937; holotype male at USNM labeled “TYPE/ Euphoria / casselberryi// Type No. 68658 U.S.N.M// Property of Mark Robinson // M. Robinson Collection 1959// Davis Mtns. Tex/ VI.30.1930/ G.P. Engelhardt ”. Other material: MEXICO (5): CHIHUAHUA. Hidalgo del Parral (1), Primavera (1), Santa Bárbara (1), Santa Clara (1); DURANGO. San Lucas (1). USA (30): TEXAS. Brewster Co.: Alpine (1), Big Bend National Park (2), Davis Co.: Davis Mountains (27).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D56BB22087F944ECECDEFE66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D568B221863A426EECE0FE16.text	F449F723D568B221863A426EECE0FE16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria eximia Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria eximia Bates, 1889</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 40)</p> <p>Euphoria eximia Bates 1889: 372. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Euphoria longula Casey 1915: 314. New synonymy.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 26). Length 10.3–14.1 mm; width 6.2–8.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous in males, shiny in females. Pronotum yellowish brown to black, with 1 large black vitta, frequently branched basally on each side of midline; sides occasionally with whitish, cretaceous lateral line in males. Elytra yellowish brown with black markings; markings small to moderate, irregular in shape, mainly on costae, occasionally covering most of surface. Ventral surface, including legs, dark brown, reddish, light brown, or a combination of these colors. Abdominal sternites of males frequently with lateral, cretaceous spots, sternites frequently bicolored. Male pygidium with 1 whitish, cretaceous marking on each side. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, confluent, moderate in size, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus elongated, laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view, lateral margins weakly raised or not raised, apex not reflexed, strongly sinuate, punctation and setae as on frons. Antennal club twice as long as stem in males, as long as or slightly shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate in size, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish; sides with few rugae. Small swelling frequently present behind anterior margin at center. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Scutellum impunctate or with a few small punctures on lateral margins. Elytra: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate, lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate medial row; punctures small to moderate, lunulate to irregular. Apex and sides weakly rugose. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae, minute to short, yellowish, females frequently with polished area at middle. Apex evenly rounded in males, slightly pointed in females. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete in males, weakly to well developed in females. Mesotibial carina weakly developed in males, moderately developed in females. Metatibiae strongly expanded apically in females, not expanded in males, spurs slender in males, at least one stout in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, mesosternal lobe glabrous, impunctate, apex variably rounded to truncate. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely setose medially, moderately setose laterally; setae moderate in size, whitish to yellowish. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly concave in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 40c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the elongate clypeus with apex not reflexed, sides of the pronotum, pygidium, and abdominal sternites of males frequently with cretaceous areas, antennal club twice as long as the stem in males, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Bates (1889) described the species based on two females from Costa Rica. Casey (1915) described an additional female of this species from San Pedro Sula, Honduras as E. longula. Hardy (2001) incorrectly included E. longula as a synonym of E. avita. Based on the examination of 26 specimens of E. eximia, and 61 of E. avita, including the types, I place E. longula in synonymy with E. eximia. Hardy (2001) used the incorrect spelling “ Euphoria exima ”.</p> <p>Natural History. Males have been observed attracted to females that were resting on vegetation. In Costa Rica, the species is known to occur at elevations between 1,000–1,500 m (Solís 2004).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (1), June (15), July (1) (Fig. 40e). Solís (2004) reported the species being active from February to July in Costa Rica.</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Chiapas, Mexico through Costa Rica (Fig. 40f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (26). Type material: Euphoria eximia Bates, 1889; lectotype male at BMNH labeled “LECTO-/TYPE/ TYPE// Costa Rica // Salle Coll// 1340// Euphoria / eximia/ Bates.// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria // LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / eximia/ Bates = By/ A.R. Hardy, 78”. Euphoria longula Casey, 1915; holotype female at USNM labeled “Hond// CASEY / bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48672 // longula/ Csy// Euphoria / longula/ Casey”. Other material: COSTA RICA (17): GUANACASTE: Cañas (5); HEREDIA: La Caja (1); PUNTARENAS: Santa Elena (5); SAN JOSÉ: San José (5); NO DATA: (1). HONDURAS (2): CORTÉS: San Pedro Sula (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (1). MEXICO (4): CHIAPAS: Chiapa de Corzo (1), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (3). NICARAGUA (1): GRANADA: Mombacho (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D568B221863A426EECE0FE16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D569B22687F941D9EBC6FD57.text	F449F723D569B22687F941D9EBC6FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria geminata (Chevrolat 1834)	<div><p>Euphoria geminata (Chevrolat, 1835)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 41)</p> <p>Cetonia geminata Chevrolat 1835: 107. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at RMNH, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 331). Length 9.7–13.4 mm; width 5.8–7.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous. Pronotum black, reddish, or yellowish, frequently with 1 large black longitudinal vitta on each side of midline. Elytra black, light yellow, reddish, or yellowish, frequently with black, longitudinal bands on costae. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black; mesofemora, metasternum, mesepimera, metepisterna, metacoxae, metafemora, abdominal sternites, and pygidium, frequently covered by whitish, cretaceous markings. Head: Frons frequently slightly raised in the middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view, lateral margins moderately raised in males, weakly raised in females; apex strongly sinuate in dorsal view, strongly reflexed in males, weakly to moderately reflexed in females; surface as on frons. Antennal club as long as or slightly longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, minute, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Sides weakly to moderately angulate. Base in front of scutellum vaguely to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate or with few minute to small punctures bearing setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 densely punctate lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate medial row; punctures small to moderate, lunulate to irregular; apex and posterior end of sides weakly rugose, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically to subconcentrically striate; striae moderately spaced, discontinuous, moderately densely setose; setae short, whitish to yellowish; pygidium wider than long. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete in males. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly developed in males, moderately to strongly developed in females. Metatibiae strongly expanded apically in females, not expanded in males; spurs of metatibiae sharp in males, rounded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex flat to variably rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, glabrous to weakly setose and sparsely punctate at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen of males with moderate to deep, medial, longitudinal depression. Abdomen in lateral view moderately concave in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 41c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the strongly raised apex of the clypeus in males, presence of cretaceous markings on the venter, and form of the parameres. Several color forms (Fig. 41 d-g) can be found in one single area. The protibial teeth are frequently entirely abraded in males and moderately worn in females. The parameres are almost entirely fused dorsally, a character that is only shared with E. eximia. The base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum varies from vaguely to strongly emarginate. This variation is unique in the genus.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Chevrolat (1835) described this species in Cetonia from a male specimen from Tampico, Mexico.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been found on flowers of Donnellsmithia hintonii Mathias and Constance (Apiaceae). Adults have been collected between 914–1,600 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (2), June (2), July (70), August (16), September (98), October (37), November (6), December (1) (Fig. 41h).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from northern Mexico through Nicaragua (Fig. 41i). Blackwelder (1944) incorrectly listed the species as occurring in Panama. The species was recorded from Durango and Morelos, Mexico by Morón et al. (1997).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (331). Type material: Cetonia geminata Chevrolat, 1835; holotype male at RMNH labeled “Tampico/ Mexico// Museum Leiden/ verz. F. T. Valck/ Lucassen/ Co. E. Janson ♂ // Cetonia / geminata/ Type Chev./ Coll. Chevrolat// type// amphistoros?/ erirhipis/ geminatus Chvo/ (Cetonia)/ Mexico VeraCruz Sallé caf ” and my holotype label. Another specimen at RMNH but without black markings on the dorsum bears “type” labels. As the locality of this specimen (Veracruz, Mexico) does not correspond with the original description (Tampico, Mexico) a “Not a type” label was placed under this specimen. Other material: EL SALVADOR (9): CUSCATLÁN: El Rosario (1), El Salvador (1); LA LIBERTAD: Santa Tecla (3); LA PAZ: Mercedes La Ceiba (1); SANTA ANA: Candelaria (1); SONSONATE: Sonsonate (1). No DATA (1). GUATEMALA (2): EL PROGRESO: Sanarate (1), no data (1). HONDURAS (9): COMAYAGUA: El Taladro (4), Siguatepeque (1); LA PAZ: La Paz (4). MEXICO (296): CHIAPAS: Ocozocoautla de Espinosa (1), Tapachula (8), no data (5); COLIMA: Colima (48); GUERRERO: Acahuizotla (1); JALISCO: Ameca (1), Chamela (1), La Quemada (8), Magdalena (2), Plan de Barrancas (1), San Patricio (1), Tequila (1), no data (1); NAYARIT: Ahucatlán (4), Compostela (1), Ixtlán del Río (3), Jala (6), Jalcocotan (47), Jesús María (1), Tepic (33), Volcán del Céboruco (20), Xalisco (8); OAXACA: Tehuantepec (2); SINALOA: Culiacán (1), Las Flores (10), Mazatlán (2); SONORA: Alamos (25), Guirocoba (14), “Hucoche” (2), no data (2); VERACRUZ: Córdoba (1), Boca del Río (1), Jalapa (1), Orizaba (2), Veracruz (4), no data (11). NO DATA (16). NICARAGUA (13): CARAZO: Diriamba (1), San Marcos (10); MASAYA: Masatepe (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D569B22687F941D9EBC6FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D56EB22787C6429FE9FFFB29.text	F449F723D56EB22787C6429FE9FFFB29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria hidrocalida Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria hidrocalida Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 42)</p> <p>Type Material (2). Holotype female labeled “ MEXICO: Aguascalientes / 13 miles west of/ Aguascalientes / July 5, 1984 / Carroll, Schaffner,/ Friedlander” (TAMU) and with my red holotype label. One female paratype with the same data (UNSM) and my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype female (Fig. 42a). Length 9.2 mm; width 5.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous and shiny, yellowish brown. Pronotum tomentous in front of scutellum, shiny elsewhere, black with reddish brown markings, vittae evident. Elytra tomentous on basal half, rest shiny, with black irregular markings. Ventral surface including legs, dark brown. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, frequently confluent, sparsely setose; setae yellowish, small. Clypeus subtrapezoidal, lateral margins weakly raised, strongly laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view; apex not raised, moderately sinuate; surface as on frons. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size, denser toward sides. Surface on sides only sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish. Apex with small swelling. Sides weakly angulate. Base impunctate, evenly rounded. Scutellum impunctate, apex sharp. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, striae bearing 2–3 rows of geminate and irregular punctures; apex and sides moderately to strongly rugose. Surface glabrous. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibiae robust, teeth equidistant. Mesotibial carina weakly developed, metatibial carina moderately developed. Metatibiae moderately expanded apically, metatarsi shorter than metatibiae. Venter: Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae, apex evenly rounded. Mesepimera, metasternum, metepimera, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, glabrous and impunctate at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen strongly convex in lateral view.</p> <p>Variation. The female paratype is similar in all respects to the holotype except in the following: Length 8.7 mm; width 5.0 mm.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the small body size, apex of pronotum with small swelling, pronotum and elytra densely punctate, and mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae, and with an evenly rounded apex.</p> <p>Notes. Males are unknown. One male specimen collected in the same area and deposited in my collection might constitute the male of this species. This specimen is similar to E. quadricollis in many aspects except for the genitalia. I am hesitant to consider it conspecific with E. hidrocalida because of its larger size (length = 11.2 mm; width = 6.5 mm) compared to the size of the small females of E. hidrocalida (females in the genus tend to be of the same size or larger than the male). This male specimen will remain undetermined until more material becomes available.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (2) (Fig. 42c).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico (Fig. 42d).</p> <p>Etymology. The Spanish “ hidrocalida ” is a feminine word given to the inhabitants of Aguascalientes, Mexico, the type locality.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D56EB22787C6429FE9FFFB29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D56FB22485C344BCEAE0FB79.text	F449F723D56FB22485C344BCEAE0FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria humilis Blanchard 1850	<div><p>Euphoria humilis Blanchard, 1850</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 43)</p> <p>Euphoria humilis Blanchard 1850: 13. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria nigriventris Bates 1889: 371 New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), not examined. Three paralectotypes at BMNH, one examined.</p> <p>Euphoria atra Bates 1889: 371 New synonymy.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at BMNH, not examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 76). Length 10.5–13.8 mm; width 6.2–8.1 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, usually tomentous in males, shiny in females. Pronotum vittate in males, entirely black in females; males with 2 longitudinal, black vittae and 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral mark at each side. Elytra yellowish brown with black markings; markings frequently covering elytra entirely in females. Ventral surface, including legs, light brown to black. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons frequently moderately raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate in size, occasionally confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subrectangular, surface as on frons, sides subparallel, weakly to moderately raised, apex vaguely to weakly reflexed, moderately sinuate. Antennal club slightly shorter than stem in males, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate, anterolateral margins with sparse rugae; punctures round to lunulate, small to moderate, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides weakly to moderately angulate. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Scutellum impunctate to sparsely punctate; punctures minute, bearing setae. Elytra: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; striae bearing 2, densely punctate, lateral rows and 1 sparsely punctate medial row; punctures small to moderate, lunulate, geminate, and double grooves in lateral rows, only lunulate in medial row; apex and posterior end of sides rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately to densely setose, setae short to moderate. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, teeth equidistant or apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth; teeth frequently strongly oblique, basal tooth frequently subobsolete. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed in males, strongly developed in females. Metatibiae moderately to strongly expanded in females at apex, metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly to moderately punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 43c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: subrectangular clypeus; clypeal sides weakly to moderately raised, clypeal apex vaguely to weakly reflexed; antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes (slightly shorter than stem in males, much shorter in females); double grooved elytral striae; oblique protibial teeth; and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Blanchard (1850) described the species from a female specimen from “ Mexico ”. Bates (1889) described E. nigriventris based on eight males from Jalapa, Etla, and Peras, all Mexico, and E. atra based on three males from Peras and Oaxaca, Mexico. Euphoria nigriventris and E. atra constitute intraspecific variation of E. humilis. Bates’ (1889) observations on the differences between these two species were all based on sexually dimorphic characters and color variation. Based on the examination of 76 specimens, including the types, I place E. nigriventris and E. atra in synonymy with E. humilis.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been captured on Acacia sp. and are known to occur between 1,767–2,400 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (23), July (30), August (1) (Fig. 43e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Puebla, Mexico (Fig. 43f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (76). Type material: Euphoria humilis Blanchard, 1850; holotype female at MNHN labeled “18/ 42// Euphoria / humilis/ Blanch// MUSEUM PARIS / MEXIQUE/ GIESBREGHT 1842// TYPE// C. humilis,/ Blanch./ Mexique / M. M. Giesbreght et Sallé” and my holotype label. Euphoria nigriventris Bates, 1889; paralectotype male at BMNH labeled “PARA-/ LECTO-/TYPE// SYN-/ TYPE//Etla// Mexico // Salle Coll// Euphoria / nigriventris/ Bates.// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria // PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / nigriventris/ Bates”. Euphoria atra Bates, 1889; lectotype male at BMNH labeled “LECTO-/TYPE/ SYN-/TYPE// Oaxaca,/ Mexico./ Hoege// B.C.A. Col., II(2)./ Euphoria / atra, Bates // LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / atra/ Bates = By/ A.R. Hardy, 78”. Other material: MEXICO (70): CHIAPAS: Arriaga (5), Navenchauc (3), Rincón las minas (1); OAXACA: Díaz Ordaz (2), La Cumbre (4), Matatlán (1), Mitla (9), Monte Albán (16), Nejapa de Madero (1), Oaxaca (12), Tapanatepec (1), Teotitlán (4), Tlacolula (6), no data (1); PUEBLA: Acatepec (3), Tlacotepec (1); NO DATA: “ Mexico ” (3).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D56FB22485C344BCEAE0FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D56CB23A85E1454DEB50FD6D.text	F449F723D56CB23A85E1454DEB50FD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria kernii Haldeman 1852	<div><p>Euphoria kernii Haldeman, 1852</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 44)</p> <p>Euphoria cernii Haldeman 1852: 374. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MCZ, not examined.</p> <p>Erirhipis clarki LeConte 1853: 441. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MCZ, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria texana Schaufuss 1863: 113. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype not located.</p> <p>Euphoria retusa Casey 1915: 310. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria wichitana Casey 1915: 311. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria connivens Casey 1915: 312. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 1,882). Length 8.7–11.9 mm; width 5.3–7.2 mm. Color: Body shiny, with variable black and yellow or orange and yellow patterns. Pronotum light yellow or dark orange, frequently with black central marking covering most of surface. Elytra with black markings extending broadly over surface. Melanistic forms present. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, confluent, sparsely to moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subquadrate, sides subparallel, not raised, punctation as on frons, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae as on frons; apex not reflexed or vaguely reflexed, weakly to moderately sinuate in dorsal view. Antennal club as long as stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size, confluent toward apex and sides, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Midline and base in front of scutellum impunctate; anterolateral area moderately rugose. Sides strongly angulate to evenly arcuate, base in front of scutellum rounded to sinuate. Scutellum densely punctate, punctures lunulate to irregular, with or without short, yellowish setae. Elytra: Surface densely punctate; striae bearing 2 lateral rows of double grooves and frequently a medial row of small, lunulate punctures; setae minute to short, yellowish. Costa strongly raised. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae shallowly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Pygidium subequal in shape in both sexes. Legs: Medial and basal protibial teeth proximal, basal tooth obsolete to subobsolete in both sexes, apical tooth strongly oblique. Metatibial spurs slender in males, at least 1 lanceolate in females. Apex of metatibiae not expanded in males, moderately expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae, strongly compressed, apex variably rounded to almost flat, densely setose on sutural area; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Median sulcus vaguely to strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites sparsely to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish; males with weak longitudinal depression at middle, surface weakly to moderately convex in males, flat to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 44c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: clypeus subquadrate, clypeal apex not reflexed; pronotum densely punctate, midline of pronotum and base in front of scutellum impunctate; scutellum densely punctate; elytral striae bearing two lateral rows of double grooves and frequently a medial row of small, lunulate punctures; apical protibial tooth strongly oblique; and form of the parameres. The lateral pronotal margins vary also in this species from strongly angulate to evenly arcuate. The base of the pronotum in front of the scutellum varies from rounded to sinuate in a similar way seen in E. geminata.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Haldeman (1852) named the species after “Mr. Kern” but formed the name as E. cernii in an apparent attempt to latinize the name (Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). LeConte (1853) was the first to list the species as “ kernii ”, and that spelling has been in prevailing use since then (E. kerni auct.).</p> <p>LeConte (1853) described a pale specimen as Erirhipis clarkii. Schaufuss (1863) described E. texana based on black specimens from Texas (although the type of E. texana was not located, the description matches E. kernii). Casey (1915) described a male specimen from Mexico as E. retusa, a large female from Kansas as E. wichitana, and a series of small specimens from Texas and Arizona with few black markings as E. connivens. Hardy (2001) placed all four species names, E. clarkii, E. wichitana, E. retusa, and E. conniven s, in synonymy with E. kernii.</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria kernii adults have been captured on flowers of Cirsium sp., fruits and flowers of Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck (Cactaceae), Prosopis sp., Callirhoe sp. (Malvaceae), A. platyceras, Triticum sp. (Poaceae), and Rosa sp. Adults have been collected also on grass and low vegetation, at lights, in Japanese beetle traps, and in nests of Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord.) (Sciuridae). In Nebraska, adults have been collected on Yucca sp. (Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Adults have been captured at elevations from 170–2,133 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. March (3), April (157), May (342), June (521), July (191), August (33), September (3), November (2) (Fig. 44f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from the central United States and Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, Mexico (Fig. 44g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (1,882). Type material: Erirhipis clarkii LeConte, 1853; holotype at MCZ labeled “[red disc]// E./ clarkii/ Lec.// kernii 13// Type 3783”. Euphoria connivens Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “TEX// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48671// connivens/ Csy// Euphoria / connivens/ Casey// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / connivens Csy / By A. R. Hardy ’78”; paralectotype female at USNM labeled “TEX// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// connivens. 2/ TYPE USNM/ 48671// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / connivens Csy ”. Euphoria retusa Casey, 1915; holotype male at USNM labeled “MEX// Casey/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48670// retusa/ Csy/ Euphoria / retusa/ Casey”. Euphoria wichitana Casey, 1915; holotype female at USNM labeled “Wallace, Ks/ W. Knaus.// Casey/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48669// wichitana/ Csy/ Euphoria / wichitana/ Casey”. Other material: MEXICO (66): CHIHUAHUA: Matamoros (1); COAHUILA: “Arroyo de Laja” (8), Carranza (27), Las Norias (3), Saltillo (9); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (1); DURANGO: Gómez Palacio (1); NUEVO LEÓN: Aramberri (1), Cañon Santa Rosa (1), China (1), Cola de Caballo (2), García (1), Monterrey (1), Pablillo (1), Sabinas Hidalgo (1), San Cayetano de Vacas (3); TAMAULIPAS: San Antonio (3); ZACATECAS: Villa de Cos (1). USA (1,790): ARIZONA. Cochise Co.: Willcox (1); Pima Co.: Tucson (1); Yavapai Co.: Crater Mountain (1). ARKANSAS. No data: “Arkansas” (1). COLORADO. Bent Co.: Hasty (15), no data (6); Boulder Co.: Boulder (16), no data (4); Cheyenne Co.: Cheyenne (1); Denver Co.: Denver (7); El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (26), Manitou Springs (1), Pikes Peak (4), Rock Creek Canyon (1), no data (1); Fremont Co.: Canon City (6), no data (5); Jefferson Co.: Morrison (1), no data (6); Larimer Co.: Fort Collins (3), Poudre Canyon (12); Las Animas Co.: Trinidad (1); Logan Co.: Peetz (1); Otero Co.: Vogel Canyon (21); Pueblo Co.: Pueblo (1); Sedgwick Co.: Sedgwick (4); No data: “Col.” (104). KANSAS. Barber Co.: Lake City (3), Medicine Lodge (8); Books Co.: Stockton (2); Finney Co.: Garden City (2); Ford Co.: Dodge City (9), no data (4); Gove Co.: No data (3); Hamilton Co.: No data (1); Kiowa Co.: Belvidere (8); Morris Co.: Council Grove (1); Rawlins Co.: No data (2); Reno Co.: No data (2); Riley Co.: No data (1); Scott Co.: Shallow Water (1); Seward Co.: No data (3); Sedgwick Co.: Viola (1); Trego Co.: Cedar Bluff State Park (1), no data (1); Wallace Co.: Sharon Springs (1), Wallace (4); Wichita Co.: No data (1); No data: “Ks” (2), “West Kansas” (2). MINNESOTA. Olmsted Co.: No data (1). NEBRASKA. Garden Co.: Lewellen (2); Fumas Co.: Beaver City (10); Hitchcock Co.: No data (9); McCook Co.: No data (22). NEW MEXICO. Chaves Co.: Elk (9), Roswell (40); Colfax Co.: Maxwell (1), Cathedral Rock (6); Curry Co.: Melrose (12); DeBaca Co.: Fort Sumner (12 mi. N) (3); Dona Ana Co.: Las Cruces (1); Eddy Co.: Carlsbad (6), Hope (35), Lincoln National Forest (1); Guadalupe Co.: New Kirk (4), Santa Rosa State Park (1); Lea Co.: Hobbs (1); Luna Co.: Deming (1); Otero Co.: Alamogordo (1); Quay Co.: Tucumcari (19); Roosevelt Co.: Milnesand (2), Portales (3); San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas (3); Sierra Co.: Hillsboro (1); Taos Co.: Taos (1); No data: “NM” (16), “Seleta” (3), “Velaverde” (1). OKLAHOMA. Alfalfa Co.: Great Salt Plains State Park (1); Beckham Co.: Erick (1); Bryan Co.: Durant (2); Caddo Co.: Bridgeport (3); Canadian Co.: El Reno (77); Carter Co.: Ardmore (2); Cherokee Co.: Cherokee (1); Cimarron Co.: Boise City (1), Kenton (6), Regnier (1); Comanche Co.: Cache (32), Fort Sill (2), Indiahoma (44), Lawton (4), no data (1); Custer Co.: Clinton (2), Weatherford (31); Garfield Co.: No data (5); Grady Co.: Chickasha (17); Harper Co.: Rosston (1); Logan Co.: Guthrie (12); Marshall Co.: Willis (1); Mills Co.: Sweetwater (11); Noble Co.: Perry (1); Payne Co.: Stillwater (11); Tillman Co.: Davidson (1); Tulsa Co.: Woodland (3); Woodward Co.: No data (21). SOUTH DAKOTA. Bon Homme Co.: Springfield (1); Pennington Co.: Rapid City (1); No data: “Western South Dakota” (1). TEXAS. Armstrong Co.: Palo Duro Canyon State Park (3); Austin Co.: Austin (1); Bastrop Co.: Bastrop (1); Bee Co.: Beeville (26); Bell Co.: Salado (1); Bexar Co.: Salado Creek (4), San Antonio (33); Blanco Co.: Cypress Mill (14), Pedernales Falls State Park (1), Round Mountain (2), no data (1); Bosque Co.: Cliffton (1); Brewster Co.: Alpine (12), Big Bend (13), Chisos Mountains (14), Glenn Springs (1), Marathon (2); Brown Co.: Brownwood (1); Burnet Co.: Burnet (2), Irks Lake (6); Callahan Co.: Baird (5); Carson Co.: Panhandle (59); Childress Co.: Childress (11); Clay Co.: Henrietta (1), Lake Arrowhead (1); Comal Co.: Bulverde (2); Crockett Co.: Ozona (3); Comal Co.: Bulverde (2), New Braunfels (6), no data (3); Cooke Co.: Gainesville (4); Coryell Co.: McGregor (8); Dallas Co.: Dallas (28), no data (2); Davis Co.: Davis Mountains Resort (2), Fort Davis (12); Dallas Co.: Dallas (17); Denton Co.: Denton (2); Duval Co.: San Diego (4); Dimmit Co.: Brundage (1), Chaparral Wildlife Management Area (1); Donley Co.: Hedley (1); Dundy Co.: Haigler (1); Eastland Co.: Cisco (9), no data (108); Edwards Co.: Rock Springs (1); El Paso Co.: El Paso (5); Fayette Co.: La Grange (1); Fisher Co.: Roby (6); Foard Co.: Crowell (1); Frio Co.: Pearsall (20 mi SE) (2), Poteet (22); Gillespie Co.: Fredericksburg (31), Luckenbach (1), Pedernales (2), no data (1); Gray Co.: McLean (7); Hamilton Co.: Hamilton (1), Hemphill Co.: Canadian (19), no data (2); Hidalgo Co.: Bentsen-Rio Grande State Park (3), Edinburg (2); Howard Co.: Big Springs (3); Hudspeth Co.: Sierra Blanca (1); Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mountains (10), Wild Rose Pass (5), no data (9); Karnes Co.: Runge (35); Kendall Co.: Comfort (9); Kerr Co.: Kerrville (5); Kimble Co.: Segovia (2); Kinney Co.: Brackettville (2); Kleberg Co.: Kingsville (32), Riviera (3); Lampasas Co.: Lampasas (3); La Salle Co.: Cotulla (1), Encinal (1); Lee Co.: Fedor (1); Lubbock Co.: Lubbock (1); Mason Co.: Mason (6), no data (1); Medina Co.: D’ Hanis (6); Menard Co.: Menard (7); Maverick Co.: Eagle Pass (34); McLennan Co.: Waco (31); Mills Co.: No data (2); Montague Co.: Forestburg (2), no data (1); Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi (3), no data (18); Oldham Co.: Adrian (1); Parker Co.: Weatherford (1); Pecos Co.: Fort Stockton (14); Palo Pinto Co.: Brazos River (1); Potter Co.: Amarillo (2); Presidio Co.: Chinati Mountains (1), Marfa (4), Presidio (1); Randall Co.: Palo Duro Canyon (1); Real Co.: No data (1); Reeves Co.: Ninemile Draw (1); Smith Co.: No data (1); Scurry Co.: Snyder (2); Starr Co.: El Sauz (3), Rio Grande City (1), Roma (3), No data (15); Somervell Co.: Glen Rose (2); Stonewall Co.: Aspermont (2); Sutton Co.: Sonora (1); Tarrant Co.: Eagle Mountain Lake (1); Taylor Co.: Abilene (7); Terrell Co.: Independence Creek Reserve (3); Travis Co.: Austin (9), No data (2); Uvalde Co.: Uvalde (2), Sabinal (1); Val Verde Co.: Devils River (3), Dolan Falls (4), Seminole canyon (13), Val Verde City (5); Webb Co.: Laredo (19); Wheeler Co.: Shamrock (2); Wichita Co.: Wichita Falls (1); Wilbarger Co.: Vernon (3); Zavala Co.: Nueces River (4); No data: “Forest dale” (4), “Lub. Tex.” (1), “Rio Grande Valley” (1), “Texas” (1), “Tex.” (43); NO DATA: “Fountain Valley, California” (1), “Stowj Point N.Y.” (2). NO DATA (21): “Ind. Jer” (1), no data (20).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D56CB23A85E1454DEB50FD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D572B23B87EE4370EC4BFC82.text	F449F723D572B23B87EE4370EC4BFC82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria mayita Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria mayita Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 45)</p> <p>Type Material (26). Holotype male labeled “ MEX. Chiapas Hwy / 195 36Km S Jct 190/ X-15- 1988 / J. E. Wappes ” (TAMU) and with my red holotype label. Allotype female as holotype, with my yellow allotype label (TAMU). Paratypes (24) with the following data: As holotype (1 CMNC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas 2-3/ mi. W. of Rizo de Oro / tropical desiduous [sic]/ for. 914 m 26 VIII-1974 / D.E. &amp; J.A.Breedlove / Cal.Acad.Sci.Access.” (6 CASC, 1 JOAC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas 2-3/ mi. W. of Rizo de Oro / tropical desiduous [sic]/ for. 914 m 26 VIII-1974 / D.E. &amp; J.A.Breedlove / Cal.Acad.Sci.Access.// CAS // fulveola/ DET./ A. R. Hardy 19” (1 JOAC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas, Mu-/ nicípio de Cintalapa/ La Mina./ 914m 14.IX.1981 / D.E. &amp; P.M.Breedlove / and C. G. Whitefield // Collection of the/ CALIFORNIA ACADEMY/ OF SCIENCES, San/ Francisco, Calif ” (1 CASC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas;/ 22 Km. NE Tapanatepec / 750m 11-X-1997 / Xoll. A.R. Gillogly” (1 TAMU); “Cameron [sic] 19 mi SE/ VI-21-1967 Oax/ Mexel ftSLW” (1 BYU); “MEX: 33mi W/ Tehuantepec,/ Oax. VIII-23-65// Col. Slobodchikoff / Collector” (1 EMEC); “ MEXICO: Chiapas. Rio Cintalpa [sic], 20/ km W. of Cintalapa/ 914m alt 5-X-1972 / D.E/ Breedlove ” (1 JOAC); “ MEXICO Oaxaca, 14/ mi. NW. Tehuantepec / 26 June 1961 700’/ u. kans. Mex. Exped.// On flowers of/ Croton ” (1 SEMC); “ MEXICO, CHIAPAS / 9 KM N ARRIAGA/ OCT 15 1988 / E. GIESBERT, COLL.” (5 FSCA); “MEX. Chiapas Hwy / 195 26km S Jct 190/ X-15-1988 / J.E. Wappes // Euphoria / fulveola Bates / or nera/ Det. H. F. HOWDEN 90” (1 MJPC), “ MEX: GUERRERO / Acahuizotla 800m / 27 x 06 Curoe Col // 8 nigriv.” (1 DJCC); “ MEXICO, CHIAPAS / 9 KM N ARRIAGA / OCT 15 1998 / E. GIESBERT, COLL.// Euphoria / vestita/ G. y P., 1833/ A. C. deloya, det. IX-96” (2 CCDX). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male (Fig. 45a). Length 11.8 mm; width 6.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface tomentous. Pronotum yellowish brown with 2 longitudinal, black vittae on each side of midline, 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral mark at each side. Elytra yellowish brown, with black, moderately sized, irregular, markings. Ventral surface, including legs, dark brown. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in length, many confluent, moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate in size. Clypeus subrectangular, laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view, lateral margins moderately raised; apex weakly raised, moderately sinuate; punctation as on frons, sparsely setose; setae yellowish, short to moderate. Antennal club longer than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round to lunulate, small, denser and larger toward apex. Surface moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Sides moderately angulate. Base in front of scutellum weakly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, apex sharp. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2, lateral rows of moderately dense punctures, and 1 sparsely punctate medial row, punctures small to moderate, lunulate to irregular, sparsely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Apex evenly rounded. Legs: Protibiae slender, teeth sharp, equidistant, strongly oblique. Meso and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatibiae not strongly expanded apically, metatarsi longer than metatibiae. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, apex rounded, extended extended to same level as mesocoxae. Mesepimera, metasternum, metepimera, and metacoxae setose; setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, weakly punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except in the following: Length 12.0 mm; width 7.0 mm. Head: Frons glabrous. Clypeus glabrous, apex vaguely reflexed. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pygidium: Apex slightly pointed. Legs: Metatibiae moderately expanded apically, metatarsi shorter than metatibiae.Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (24) similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 9.9–13.1 mm; width 5.6–7.3 mm. Color: Melanistic forms present. Head: Frons weakly to moderately setose. Pronotum: Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, apical and medial teeth frequently proximal in males, basal tooth frequently obsolete to subobsolete in males, teeth frequently equidistant and well developed in females. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly to moderately developed in males, moderately to strongly developed in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 45c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: antennal club longer than stem in males; clypeus subrectangular; elytral striae without grooves; protibial teeth strongly oblique; and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (2), August (9), September (3), October (12) (Fig. 45d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 45e).</p> <p>Etymology. The name is derived from the feminine Spanish diminutive form of “Mayan”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D572B23B87EE4370EC4BFC82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D573B23887CE4355EC5FFA04.text	F449F723D573B23887CE4355EC5FFA04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria montana Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria montana Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 46)</p> <p>Type Material (36). Holotype male labeled “ MEXICO: STATE OF/ SINALOA, EL PAL-/ MITO ON RT. 40// F. A. LEE./ COLL. 3 IX 63// At Rubus // ELEVATION/ 6000–6500 FT.” (FSCA) and with my red holotype label. Allotype female labeled as holotype, with my yellow allotype label (FSCA). Paratypes (34) with the following data: as holotype (11 FSCA, 2 JOAC); “ MEXICO: Durango: vic./ Revolcaderos (km189)/ 43 km. W. La Ciudad / 1900 m 11&amp; 13Aug.1979 / W.M.&amp;J.L. Fisher coll” (1 CASC); “MEX: Durango, 11 mo/ E Revolcaderos/ 7800’ VIII-10-72/ J. Powell. Collr. ” (5 UCB); “EL PALMITO, ± 6000’/ SINALOA, MX / 2 Aug 83” (1 FSCA); “Mazatlan/ Mexico/ VIII. 1978 ” (2 USNM); “ MEXICO, SINALOA / 2–7 KM W EL PALMITO/ AUG 7 1983 / E. GIESBERT, COLL.” (1 UNSM); “ MEXICO: Sinaloa / El Palmito (W. edge of town)/ 6530 ft. 26.Aug.1961 / I.J. Cantrall &amp; T. J.Cohn # 47” (1 UMMZ); “ MEXICO: STATE OF/ SINALOA, EL PAL-/MITO ON RT. 40// F. A. LEE/ COLL. 3-IX 63// At Rubus // ELEVATION/ 6000–6500 FT.” (3 MJPC); “ MEXICO: STATE OF/ SINALOA, EL PAL-/ MITO ON RT. 40// F. A. LEE/ COLL. 3-IX 63// At Rubus // ELEVATION/ 6000–6500 FT.// Euphoria / vestita G&amp;P/ Det: M.J. Paulsen 2005” (1 MJPC); “ MEXICO: STATE OF/ SINALOA, EL PAL-/MITO ON RT. 40// F. A. LEE/ COLL. 3-IX 63// At Rubus // ELEVATION/ 6000–6500 FT.// E. schotti / det. M.J. Paulsen 2007” (1 MJPC); “ 6.5 mi. E. Potrerillos / Sinaloa, MEX. VIII-21- 1964 / M. E. Irwin // UCR” (1 MJPC), “EL PALMITO, ±6000’/ SINALOA, MX / 2 Aug 83” (1 LACM), “ MEXICO / SINALOA / EL PALMITO// COLL/ R.J. HAMTON// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences// EUPHORIA / QUADRICOLLIS/ Det. HARDY” (1 CASC); “ 6.5 mi. E. Potrerillos / Sinaloa, MEX / VIII-21-1964 / M.E. Irwin // Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “Mex. Mex # 40 at/ Durango-Sin. State/ Line VIII.20.63// G.R. Noonan/ Collr.// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences// Euphoria / quadricollis/ Bates/ DET./ H.H. HOWDEN 66” (1 CASC). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 10.8 mm; width 6.3 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown, tomentous, elytral sides and apex shiny. Pronotum yellowish brown, with 2 longitudinal, regular, black vittae at each side of midline, midline reddish; 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral mark on each side. Elytra with small, black, irregular markings. Ventral surface, including legs, light to dark brown. Head: Frons slightly raised basally at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, confluent, moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate in size. Clypeus subrectangular, sides weakly raised, apex laterally expanded in dorsal view, moderately sinuate, not raised; punctation as on frons, moderately densely setose; setae yellowish, short to moderate. Antennal club longer than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate, small to moderate, denser and larger toward apex, midline and base mostly impunctate, moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Apex with small swelling at center. Sides moderately angulate. Base in front of scutellum weakly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, apex sharp. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate, striae bearing 2 moderately dense lateral rows of punctures and 1 sparsely punctate medial row; punctures small to moderate, lunulate to irregular; apex and posterior end of sides weakly rugose, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, densely setose, setae short to moderate. Apex rounded. Legs: Protibiae slender, apical and medial teeth proximal, basal tooth obsolete. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatibiae not expanded apically, metatarsi as long as metatibiae. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae. Mesepimera, metasternum, metepimera, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except in the following: Length 11.1 mm; width 6.3 mm. Color: Pronotal surface shiny on apex and sides, vittae covering the surface entirely except at base. Ventral surface, including legs, mostly dark brown. Pygidium lightly colored at apex. Head: Frons sparsely setose. Clypeus slightly subtrapezoidal, sparsely setose, apex weakly sinuate. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Base in front of scutellum weakly emarginate. Pygidium: Apex slightly pointed. Legs: Protibiae robust, teeth equidistant, well developed. Meso- and metatibial carinae strongly developed. Metatarsi shorter than metatibiae. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (16) similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 8.6–11.5 mm; width 4.8–6.2 mm. Color: Pronotal vittae variably extending over midline and lateral margins. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 46c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: small size; clypeus subrectangular to subtrapezoidal; pronotal apex with small swelling at center; mesometasternal process small, moderately compressed laterally; apex of pygidium sexually dimorphic in shape and color (round and monochromatic in males, weakly pointed and with lightly colored areas in females); and form of the parameres. Males of this species can be difficult to separate from those of E. quadricollis, but the parameres are shorter in E. montana than in E. quadricolli s. Euphoria quadricollis is a sexually dimorphic species in body size and coloration (males small and tomentous, females large and shiny). There is no sexual dimorphism of this type in E. montana.</p> <p>Natural History. Part of the type series was collected on Rubus sp. above 1,900 m elevation. Otherwise, nothing is known about its biology.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. August (13), September (23) (Fig. 46d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Sinaloa and Durango, Mexico (Fig. 46e).</p> <p>Etymology. From the Latin montanus meaning “from the mountains”. All specimens in the type series were collected above 1,900 m.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D573B23887CE4355EC5FFA04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D570B239861345C8EB83FB13.text	F449F723D570B239861345C8EB83FB13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria quadricollis Bates 1889	<div><p>Euphoria quadricollis Bates, 1889</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 47)</p> <p>Euphoria quadricollis Bates 1889: 371. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at BMNH designated by Hardy (2001), not examined. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Euphoria arizonica Schaeffer 1907: 73. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 119). Length 9.7–13.4 mm; width 5.3–7.7 mm. Color: Dorsal surface yellowish brown to light brown, tomentous in males, shiny in females. Pronotum with 2 longitudinal, regular, black vittae on each side of midline and 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral mark on each side; vittae rarely covering midline. Elytra with black, irregular markings; markings frequently sparse in males, dense in females. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, occasionally confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae whitish to yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus subtrapezoidal, punctation and setation as on frons, laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view, lateral margins weakly to moderately raised; apex vaguely to weakly reflexed, moderately sinuate. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate, anterolateral margins with sparse rugae; punctures lunulate, small to moderate, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Sides weakly to moderately angulate. Base rounded to weakly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate, punctures small to moderate; striae consisting of 3 irregular rows of lunulate punctures, irregular punctures, and short grooves; punctures frequently reduced in size and density in males, moderately densely setose; setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae dense, discontinuous, moderately densely to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish to whitish. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth frequently subobsolete in males. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately to strongly developed in females. Metatarsi longer than metatibiae in males, shorter or as long in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae or slightly beyond, apex variably rounded to truncate. Mesepimera, metasternum, metepimera, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly to moderately punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat to weakly convex in males, moderately to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 47c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: dorsum sexually dimorphic (tomentous in males, shiny in females); clypeus subtrapezoidal; pronotal base rounded to weakly emarginate; scutellum impunctate; and form of the parameres. The protibial teeth are frequently entirely abraded in males.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Bates (1889) described the species based on two males from Durango, Mexico. Schaeffer (1907) described E. arizonica based on six additional males from Arizona, USA and compared it with E. fulveola, apparently unaware of the similarities with E. quadricollis. Hardy (2001) placed E. arizonica in synonymy with E. quadricollis.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on B. salicifolia, B. sarothroides, Brickellia californica (Torr. and Gray) (Asteraceae), Quercus emoryi Torr., Q. hypoleucoides, Argemone sp., and Condalia lycioides (Gray). The species has been found in chaparral habitats, and it has been collected at elevations up to 2,500 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (95), August (10), September (3) (Fig. 47e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. K n o w n f r o m Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico and Arizona, USA (Fig. 47f).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (119). Type material. Euphoria arizonica Schaeffer, 1907; lectotype male at USNM labeled “TYPE// Palmerly/ Cochise Co. / July Ariz.// BROOKLYN/ MUSEUM/ COLL. 1929// Catal No./ 1351// Euphoria / arizonica/ Schaef.// Cotype/ 42588/ U.SN.M.// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / arizonica schf./ By A.R. Hardy 1979”. Other material. MEXICO (8): CHIHUAHUA: Matachic (3); DURANGO: Durango (2), Nombre de Dios (3). USA (109): ARIZONA: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mountains (1), Fort Huachuca (1), Huachuca Mountains (42), Miller Canyon (1), Palmerly (2); Pima Co.: Baboquivari Mountains (2), Box Canyon (4); Santa Cruz Co.: Amado (16), Patagonia (1), Ruby (9), Santa Rita Mountains (22), Sycamore Canyon (1), Tumacacori Mountains (7). NO DATA (1): “San Jose” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D570B239861345C8EB83FB13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D571B23E87FD44DBEC16FA55.text	F449F723D571B23E87FD44DBEC16FA55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria vittata Orozco. Las 2012	<div><p>Euphoria vittata Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 48)</p> <p>Type Material (37). Holotype male labeled “ MEX Jalisco / Chamela, vic UNAM / 9-19 VII- 1993 / JE Wappes” (TAMU) and with my red holotype label. Allotype female as holotype, with my yellow allotype label (TAMU). Paratypes (35) with the following data: As holotype (1 MJPC, 4 USNM, 3 PURC); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 14-VII-1993 / R. L. Westcott ” (1 JOAC, 6 ADMC, 1 UNSM); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 14-VII-1993 / R.L. Westcott// EUPHORIA / QUADRICOLLIS?/ BTS/ det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2005” (2 BCRC); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 20/ 21-VII-1993 / R. L. Westcott ” (1 JOAC, 1 ADMC); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 20-VII-1993 / R. L. Westcott ” (1 ADMC); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 19/ 22-VII- 1993 / R. L. Westcott ” (1 JOAC); “ MEXICO, Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela / 13/ 14-VII-1993 / R. L. Westcott ” (1 JOAC); “ MEXICO: JALISCO / Cuitzmala 290m / 22-23/julio/1995 / G. Nogueira Col. ” (6 IEXA); “ MEXICO: Jalisco, Mpio./ LaHuerta, Chamela Biol./ Sta., VII-29-31-1996 / Coll. W. Godwin / hanging bait trap with mango/watermelon” (2 TAMU); “ MEXICO: Jalisco / Est. Biol. Chamela/ VII-14/22-1992/ J. Chemsak coll” (1 EMEC); “ MEXICO, JALISCO / 28 KM NE LAS VARAS/ SEP 26 1991 / E. GIESBERT, COLL” (1 UNSM); “ MEXICO: Jalisco / Chamela, Vic., ESTC, UNAM 9-19- VII-1993 / J. Huether ” (1 WBWC); “México: Jalisco / Careyes/ 5-VII-1991 / R. Ayala” (1 IEXA). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 11.4 mm; width 6.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface reddish brown, mostly tomentous, partially shiny. Pronotal anterior margin shiny, tomentous elsewhere, with 2 longitudinal, regular, dark green vittae on each side of midline and 1 small, dark, semicircular, anterolateral marking on each side. Elytral apex and sides shiny, tomentous elsewhere, with dark green, irregular markings. Ventral surface, including legs, dark brown. Head: Frons slightly raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures deep, moderate in size, confluent, sparsely setose; setae yellowish, moderate in size. Clypeus subquadrate, slightly subtrapezoidal, laterally expanded anteriorly in dorsal view, lateral margins moderately raised; apex weakly reflexed, moderately sinuate; punctation as on frons, sparsely setose; setae yellowish, short to moderate. Antennal club as long as stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures round, small to moderate, denser and larger toward apex, sparsely setose; setae minute on sides, yellowish. Sides moderately angulate. Apex with small swelling. Midline and base impunctate. Base in front of scutellum weakly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, apex sharp. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate; striae bearing 2 densely punctate lateral rows of lunulate punctures, irregular punctures, and grooves and 1 sparsely punctate medial row of lunulate punctures; punctures small to moderate, glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish; apex and sides weakly rugose. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate;striae dense,discontinuous, moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate. Apex broadly, evenly rounded. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatibiae not expanded apically, metatarsi longer than metatibiae. Venter: Mesometasternal process moderately compressed laterally, extending anteriorly to same level as mesocoxae, apex truncate. Mesepimera, metasternum, metepimera, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, moderately to densely setose laterally, sparsely punctate and setose at middle, median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdomen in lateral view flat.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except in the following: Length 12.5 mm; width 7.2 mm. Color: Elytra entirely dark green, almost black. Head: Frons sparsely setose. Clypeus subquadrate, sides weakly raised, apex not reflexed. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Base in front of scutellum moderately emarginate. Pygidium: Apex slightly pointed. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly developed. Meso- and metatibial carinae strongly developed. Metatibiae moderately expanded apically. Metatarsi shorter than metatibiae. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (29) similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 10.9–12.7 mm; width 6.1–7.2 mm. Color: Surface dark brown to yellowish brown. Pronotal vittae occasionally reduced to absent. Elytral markings occasionally reduced to absent. Melanistic forms present. Head: Frons sparsely to moderately densely setose. Pronotum: Midline punctate to impunctate. Base in front of scutellum weakly to moderately emarginate. Elytra: Surface sparsely setose, setae minute to short. Legs: Protibiae slender in males, robust in females, basal tooth frequently obsolete to subobsolete in males, apical and medial teeth proximal in males; teeth equidistant and well developed in females. Meso- and metatibial carinae weakly to moderately developed in males, moderately to strongly developed in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 48c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from other species in the group by the following combination of characters: clypeus subquadrate; scutellum impunctate; elytral striae with irregular grooves; pygidial apex sexually dimorphic in shape (round in males, pointed in females); and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected in fruit traps baited with mango and watermelon, and have been captured at 290 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. July (36), September (1) (Fig. 48d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Jalisco, Mexico (Fig. 48e).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin vittata, meaning “with vittae”, referring to the dark pronotal markings of this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D571B23E87FD44DBEC16FA55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D576B23F861F4598ECE0FD17.text	F449F723D576B23F861F4598ECE0FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria pulchella Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria pulchella Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 4p–y)</p> <p>Species in the pulchella species-group have a clypeus with the apex and lateral margins not raised, pronotal sides generally strongly angulate, protibiae not sexually dimorphic, and elytral striae composed mostly of deep grooves.</p> <p>Composition. Four species are included in this group: Euphoria basalis (Gory and Percheron), E. canaliculata Orozco, new species, E. diminuta Orozco, new species, and E. pulchella (Gory and Percheron).</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria pulchella is the only species in the group that has been found associated with ants.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE PULCHELLA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Clypeal apex strongly attenuate (Fig. 52b). Body surface frequently with cretaceous markings (Fig. 52a, e)..................................... E. pulchella (Gory and Percheron) (p. 90)</p> <p>1′. Clypeus subrectangular. Body surface without cretaceous markings...............................2</p> <p>2. Mesometasternal process wide, weakly compressed laterally. Elytra with 2 bright yellowish bands extending toward suture from the sides (Fig. 49a, d). Male abdomen strongly concave in lateral view.................................... E. basalis (Gory and Percheron) (p. 86)</p> <p>2′. Mesometasternal process moderately to strongly compressed laterally. Elytra color pattern not as above. Male abdomen weakly convex in lateral view..................................3</p> <p>3. Antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes. Scutellum densely punctate basally; punctures moderate in size, lunulate to irregular. Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally................................................................ E. canaliculata Orozco, new species (p. 88)</p> <p>3′. Antennal club as long as stem in males, shorter in females. Scutellum impunctate or with small, round punctures basally. Mesometasternal process weakly compressed laterally..................... E. diminuta Orozco, new species (p. 89)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO PULCHELLA</p> <p>1. Ápice clipeal fuertemente atenuado (Fig. 52b). Dorso frecuentemente con maculas cretáceas (Fig. 52a, e).............................................................. E. pulchella (Gory y Percheron) (p. 90)</p> <p>1′. Clípeo subrectangular. Dorso sin máculas cretáceas........................................................2</p> <p>2. Proceso mesometasternal ancho, levemente comprimido lateralmente. Élitros con 2 bandas amarillas brillantes extendiéndose desde los lados hacia la sutura (Fig. 49a, d). Abdomen de los machos en vista lateral fuertemente cóncavo............ E. basalis (Gory y Percheron) (p. 86)</p> <p>2′. Proceso mesometasternal moderada o fuertemente comprimido lateralmente. Patrón de coloración elitral no como la anterior. Abdomen de los machos en vista lateral levemente convexo.....3</p> <p>3. Maza antenal en ambos sexos más corta que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Escutelo densamente punteado basalmente; punteaduras medianas en tamaño, lunuladas a irregulares en forma. Proceso mesometasternal fuertemente comprimido lateralmente......... E. canaliculata Orozco, especie nueva (p. 88)</p> <p>3′. Maza antenal en machos tan larga como el resto de los segmentos, más corta en hembras. Escutelo sin punteaduras o con pequeñas punteaduras redondas en la base. Proceso mesometasternal levemente comprimido lateralmente..... E. diminuta Orozco, especie nueva (p. 89)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D576B23F861F4598ECE0FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D577B23D87AC42A0E9CEFBD9.text	F449F723D577B23D87AC42A0E9CEFBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria basalis (Gory and Percheron 1833) Ramirez-Salinas et al. 2001	<div><p>Euphoria basalis (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 49)</p> <p>Cetonia basalis Gory and Percheron 1833: 274. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria basalis crinicauda Casey 1915: 324. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at USNM, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 990). Length 10.6–13.8 mm; width 6.5–8.0 mm. Color: Body shiny. Head, pronotum, scutellum, mesepimera, and venter black. Elytra with 1–2 transverse, occasionally obsolete, light yellow to light orange bands behind the humeral area, bands with irregular borders extending or not across midline. Elytral apex yellow. Ventral surface, including legs, shiny black to light brown. Head: Frons densely punctate, occasionally slightly raised at middle; punctures deep, moderate in size, confluent, becoming increasingly elongated towards sides, sparsely to densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus elongated, sides weakly convergent, not raised, punctation as on frons, glabrous to sparsely setose, setae as on frons; apex vaguely reflexed, weakly sinuate in dorsal view. Antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes, subequal in length. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, irregular, confluent toward apex and sides; midline, base in front of scutellum, and irregularly shaped areas at each side of midline, impunctate; anterolateral area strongly rugose; densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Sides strongly angulate, base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 3–4 rows of grooves, geminate and lunulate punctures; punctures moderate in size with yellowish setae; costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface strongly convex, concentrically striate; striae deep, continuous on apical half, discontinuous on basal half, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish, absent from apex. Male pygidium longer than wide, wider than longer in females. Legs: Apical and medial protibial teeth proximal, basal tooth smaller than other 2 in both sexes. Metatibial spurs slender in males, at least 1 stout or expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae, wide, weakly compressed laterally, apex variably rounded to almost flat, glabrous to sparsely setose; seta short, yellowish. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites with lateral patch of long setae, sternite 7 almost twice as long as other sternites, males with deep, median longitudinal depression. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex in males, flat to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 49c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria basalis is difficult to confound with any other species in the genus. This species is distinguished based on color pattern, the elongate clypeus, antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes, base of pronotum moderately to strongly emarginated in front of scutellum, wide mesometasternal process, strongly convex male abdomen, and form of the parameres. In no other species in the genus is the mesometasternal process as wide as in E. basalis. The strongly convex male abdomen and the strongly convex and concentrically striate pygidium are similar to those of E. fascifera. Nevertheless, E. fascifera is excluded from this group based on the absence of long grooves on the elytral striae, pronotal sides not strongly angulate, and the strongly reflexed clypeus of the males.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria basalis was described by Gory and Percheron based on one specimen from Mexico. Casey (1915) described E. basalis crinicauda based on specimens of a smaller size and a different color pattern from Guerrero, Mexico.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been found on blossoms of Taraxacum officinale Weber (Asteraceae), Cucurbita sp. (Cucurbitaceae), and Romneya coulteri Harvey (Papaveraceae), and on Ipomea longifolia Benth. (Convolvulaceae) and Z. mays. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species feeding on Dahlia mexicana Standley (Asteraceae), H. annus, Cucumis melo L. (Cucurbitaceae), Cucurbita pepo L., Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), and Rosa sp. Gómez (1999) recorded the species feeding on flowers of T. erecta and T. officinale. Ramírez- Salinas et al. (2001) recorded the species feeding on the petals and pollen of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz and Pavon (Asteraceae), B. oleracea var. italica, Zanthedeschia aethiopica L. (Araceae), and Hemerocallis flava L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae).</p> <p>Adults are frequently collected from a variety of habitats, including shrublands, pine and oak forests, gardens, cultivated fields (Morón et al. 1997; Yanes-Gómez and Morón 2010), grasslands, and scrub forests. Adults have also been attracted to light traps and have been captured from sea level to 2,350 m elevation. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species up to 2,600 m elevation. MacGregor and Gutiérrez (1983) considered the species a pest of cotton, melon, pumpkin, and sunflower in Mexico.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (1), May (1), June (78), July (147), August (169), September (111), October (67), November (22), December (2) (Fig. 49e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Widely distributed in Mexico (Fig. 49f). The only specimens known from the United States were collected at Eagle Pass, Texas.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (990). Type material: Cetonia basalis Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype male at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// Coll. Melly // basalis/ G. et P. B.// Mexico ” and my holotype label. Euphoria basalis crinicauda Casey, 1915; lectotype female at USNM labeled “Guer.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// crinicauda. 4/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48685// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / basalis/ crinicauda Csy/ By A. R. Hardy ’78”; paralectotype male USNM labeled “Guer.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE UNSM/ 48685// crinicauda Csy// PARALECTOTYPE / E. basalis / crinicauda Csy/ A. R. Hardy ’78”. Other material: MEXICO (969): AGUASCALIENTES: Aguascalientes (3), Cerro de Picacho (1); CHIAPAS: San Cristóbal de las Casas (1), Santa Rosa (1); COAHUILA: Torreón (4); COLIMA: Colima (3), El Terrero (1), Mazamitla (6); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Azcapotzalco (26), Chapultepec (6), Ciudad de México (179), Coapa (22), El Jazmín (13), Guadalupe (6), San Andrés Tomatlán (7), San Ángel (10), Tacubaya (1), Xochimilco (1), no data (1); DURANGO: Durango (34), Goméz Palacio (4), Guadalupe Victoria (1), Lerdo (21), Nombre de Dios (2), Tlahuililo (6), Yerbanís (1); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Chalco (2), Chapingo (3), Chapultepec (13), San Cristóbal Ecatepec (4), Temascaltépec (11), Teotihuacán (20), Tepexpan (2), Tlalmanalco (1), Toluca (4); GUANAJUATO: Irapuato (14), La Sauceda (1), San José Iturbide (1); GUERRERO: Acahuizotla (4), Amula (1), Chichihualco (1), San Francisco Acuitlapán (1), Taxco (5); HIDALGO: Actopán (9), Apam (1), Jacala (1), Lagunillas (4), Pachuca (20), Santiago (1), Tula (9); JALISCO: Ajijíc (32), Acatlán de Juárez (1), Autlán (5), Chapala (2), Cocula (1), Guadalajara (29), Huentitán (4), La Venta (2), Los Mazos (1), Magdalena (1), Mascota (2), Mazamitla (2), Otolomilco (1), San Gabriel (5), San Miguel el Alto (11), Teocaltiche (2), Tepatitlán (5), Tequila (15), Unión de Tula (1),Villa Guadalupe (7), Volcán Colima (33); MICHOACÁN: Cotija (3), El Pueblito (4), Morelia (5), Palo Alto (1), Patzcuaro (12), Periban de Ramos (1), San Lorenzo (1), Tangamandapio (1), Uruapán (22), Zacapán (1), Zitácuaro (1); MORELOS: Cañon de Lobos (2), Cuernavaca (41), Tepoztlán (12); NAYARIT: Tepic (27); NUEVO LEÓN: El Castillo (3), Iturbide (1), Saltillo (9), no data (8); OAXACA: Huajuapan de León (1), Mitla (2), Oaxaca (18), Santiago Chazumba (17), Talaxico (2); PUEBLA: Atlixco (1), Azumbilla (1), Chapulco (16), Cholula (13), Necaxa (13), Puebla (5), Tecamachalco (4), Tehuacán (1); QUERÉTARO: Acahuizotla (1), Bucarel (1), Cadereyta (5), Camargo (3); SAN LUIS POTOSÍ: Charcas (1), Ciudad del Maíz (1), Matehuala (2), San Luis Potosí (2), no data (1); SINALOA: Mazatlán (3); TLAXCALA: Tlaxcala (2); VERACRUZ: Acultzingo (3), Fortín de las Flores (1), Huatusco (1), Limón (6), Puerto del Aire (1), Taza de Agua Ojo Zarco (1), Veracruz (3); ZACATECAS: Fresnillo (2), La Ceja (5), Loreto (1), Sombrerete (2), Tlultenango (1), Zacatecas (5); NO DATA: “AtlX” (1), “C. Valle” (1), “IX” (2), “Fodala” (1), Estrado (1), Juaras (1), Mexico (1), “Mex” (1), San Juan (1). USA (5): TEXAS. Maverick Co.: Eagle Pass (3); No data (2). NO DATA (5): “52” (1), “306” (1), no data (3). SUSPECT RECORDS (8): “Central Europe” (1), “Nicaragua, Momotombo” (7).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D577B23D87AC42A0E9CEFBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D575B23285A944ECE958FA9F.text	F449F723D575B23285A944ECE958FA9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria canaliculata Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria canaliculata Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 50)</p> <p>Type Material (33). Holotype male labeled “México-México/ Ixtapan del Oro 10.93/ Ing. S. Pokorny lgt.” and with my red holotype label (UNSM). Allotype female as holotype and with my yellow allotype label (UNSM). Paratypes (31) with the following data: as holotype (2 JOAC, 2 UMMZ, 2 DJCC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12-1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors” (3 CMNC, 1 JOAC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12-1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors// n. sp. 3/ DET/ A. R. Hardy 19” (1 CMNC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12- 1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors// EUPHORIA / N. SP. #3/ Det. Hardy ” (1 JOAC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12-1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences// EUPHORIA / N. SP. #3/ Det. Hardy ” (1 CASC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12-1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors // Dr. Alan R. Hardy / 2005 donation to/ California Academy / of Sciences ” (3 CASC); “Tuxpan Mich./ MEXICO / VII-12-1963 // F. D. Parker / L.A.Stange / Collectors// n. sp. #3/ det. D. Carlson ” (2 CMNC); “ MEXICO / Michoacán / TUXPAN/ Kohlmann Leg./ Coll. Martinez / Jun 9 75// H. &amp; A. HOWDEN/ COLLECTION/ Ex A. Martinez coll.” (2 CMNC); “ 5 mi. N Tuxpan / Micho. Mexico/ VII.16.53 5500ft // STEPHANUCHA / BISPINIS/ BATES / det. B.C. Ratcliffe 1986” (1 BCRC); “ MEXICO, Mich., Hwy./ 15,4mi SE Tuxpan/ 6500’ 16Aug.1982 CW&amp;/ L.O’ Brien &amp; G. Wibmer ” (1 WBWC); “México- México/ Ixtapan del Oro 9.07/ Ing. S. Pokorny lgt// BMNH {E}/ 2010-30// Euphoria / sp. nov. S. Pokorny det. 2010” (8 BMNH); “Tuxpan, Mich-/ oacan, Mex./ 11 July 1951 // H. E. Evans / collector” (1 USNM). All paratypes with my yellow paratype label.</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 8.4 mm width; 4.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny. Pronotum black, elytra black with yellowish brown markings; markings sparse, irregular in shape. Ventral surface including legs, black; abdominal sternites light brown at middle. Head: Frons moderately raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate, confluent laterally, moderately setose; setae, yellowish, short and moderate. Clypeus subrectangular, sides not raised; surface densely punctate; punctures round, deep, strongly confluent; apex weakly reflexed, weakly sinuate. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, anterolateral areas with abundant rugae; punctures round and lunulate, moderate in size, densely setose; setae moderate in size, yellowish. A small, impunctate area either side of midline on disc. Midline weakly raised, impunctate, glabrous. Base in front of scutellum impunctate, weakly emarginate. Scutellum densely punctate at basal corners, punctures irregular, moderate in size, setose. Elytra: Surface moderately punctate, punctures small and moderate; apical declivity and lateral margins strongly rugose. Elytral striae consisting of 2 rows of double grooves or geminate punctures surrounding a row of lunulate punctures; punctures on striae with short and moderately long setae. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate; striae dense, mostly discontinuous at base, continuous at apex, moderately setose, setae short to long. Apex evenly rounded. Legs: Protibiae slender, teeth equidistant. Legs densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Meso- and metatibial carinae strongly developed. Protarsi longer than protibiae. Metatibial spurs slender, apices sharp. Venter: Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, weakly expanded laterally, apex evenly rounded, extended to same level as mesocoxae. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs; metepimera weakly setose. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, weakly punctate and glabrous, median sulcus moderately impressed. Abdominal sternites with moderately impressed, longitudinal depression. Abdomen in lateral view moderately concave.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except for the following: Length 9.7 mm; width 5.6 mm Legs: Protarsi shorter than protibiae. Internal metatibial spur lanceolate, apex rounded. Venter: Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (2 males, 14 females) similar to the holotype and allotype except in the following: Length 8.4–10.1 mm; width 4.5–5.7 mm. Color: Elytral markings light yellow to yellowish brown, markings mostly on basal half. Venter: Mesometasternal process at same level or extending anteriorly slightly beyond mesocoxae. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 50c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from the other species in the group based on the antennal club subequal in size (shorter than the stem in both sexes), scutellum densely punctate at base, strongly compressed mesometasternal process, protarsi sexually dimorphic in length (longer than protibiae in males, shorter in females), and form of the parameres. Euphoria diminuta, a related new species, is separated based on the sexually dimorphic length of the antennal club (longer in males than in females), scutellum impunctate, mesometasternal weakly compressed laterally, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. The only ecological data associated with the few specimens known are the species being collected at 1,676 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. June (2), July (10), August (1), October (10) (Fig. 50e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from Michoacán, Mexico (Fig. 50f).</p> <p>Etymology. From the Latin canaliculatus meaning “grooved”, referring to the deep striation present on the elytra.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D575B23285A944ECE958FA9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D57AB23385CC4526E97AF946.text	F449F723D57AB23385CC4526E97AF946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria diminuta Orozco 2012	<div><p>Euphoria diminuta Orozco, new species</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 51)</p> <p>Type Material (23). Holotype male labeled “Tegucigalpa/ Hond// FJDyer/ Coll// n. sp#4/ det D. Carlson ” (CMNC) and my red holotype label. Allotype female as holotype and with my yellow allotype label (CMNC). Paratypes (21) with the following data: as holotype (1 CMNC); “ Guatemala / G. Bernoiilly [?]// Museum Leiden/ verz F.T. Valc/ Lucassen// Euphoria / sp.// vu par/ Bourgoin/ 1930” (1 RMNH); “Hond// LWSaylor” (1 CASC); “Hond// LWSaylor// EUPHORIA / N. SP. #4/ Det Hardy” (1 CASC); “14892// 23-9-77/ Siguat. Hond.// J.V. Mankins/ collector// mankins// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “14892// 23-9-77/ Siguat. Hond.// J.V. Mankins/ collector// mankins// Euphoria. n. sp #4/ DET/ A. R. Hardy 1978// EUPHORIA / N. SP. #4/ Det Hardy// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “15967// TEGUS./ 8-10-77.// J.V.Mankins/ collector// mankins// Dr. Alan R. Hardy/ 2005 donation to/ California Academy/ of Sciences” (1 CASC); “Zaragoza/ Chimalté-nango,/ Guatemala / 24. III. 1976 / 2000 m. alt.//Museum Leiden/ coll P.J.J. H./ Kuijten” (2 RMNH); “Tegucigalpa/ Honduras / XI. 13. 17// F.J. Dyer. Coll / No. 30747// Ac. 24309// EUPHORIA / NV. SP./ DET. E.R.L.// AMNH ” (1 USNM); “Tegucigalpa/ Honduras / XI. 13. 17// F.J. Dyer. Col / No. 30747// Ac. 24309// EUPHORIA / SP.// SP. NOV.// EUPHORIA / N. SP. #4/ Det Hardy” (1 USNM); “Tegucigalpa/ Honduras / XI. 13. 17// F.J. Dyer. Coll / n. sp # 4/ det D. Carlson (1 CMNC); “ Tegucigalpa / Honduras / XI.14.17// F.J. Dyer, Col./ No. 30830// Ac 240309 (1 UNSM); “Tegucigalpa/ Honduras / X.30.1917// F.J. Dyer, Col./ No. 30251//Ac 240309 (1 UNSM); “Tegucigalpa/ Hond// FJDyer/ Coll” (1 JOAC, 1 UNSM, 1 USNM); “Tegucigalpa/ Hond// Nov./ 1517// FJDyer/ Coll” (1 USNM); “GUAT., Jutiapa/ 6-9-1979 / # 79-2318/ Coll. J. Schuster ” (1 USNM); “La Ceiba/ Honduras / Aug 10 ‘16// FJDyer/ Coll” (1 JOAC); “Tegucigalpa/ Honduras / X. 30. 1917 // F. J. Dyer Col. / No. 30250// 302416/ 30251/ Jose/ Chaparro./ 30282/ 30253/ 30284/ [illlegible]/ 30258/ [illegible]/ 30216/ [illegible]/ [illegible]/ 30257/ small/ [illegible]/ F. J. Dyer / [illegible]/ 09.30/ 1917” (1 USNM).</p> <p>Description. Holotype male. Length 8.5 mm width 5.0 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny. Pronotum black, elytra yellowish brown with black markings; markings sparse, irregular. Ventral surface, including legs, black to light brown, abdominal sternites light brown. Head: Frons moderately raised at middle, densely punctate; punctures round, deep, moderate, confluent laterally; densely setose; setae, yellowish, moderate and long. Clypeus densely punctate; punctures round, deep, strongly confluent; subrectangular, sides not raised; apex vaguely reflexed, moderately sinuate. Antennal club as long as stem. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, anterior corners with abundant rugae; punctures round to lunulate, moderate; densely setose; setae moderate in size, yellowish. Base in front of scutellum impunctate, moderately emarginate. Scutellum glabrous. Elytra: Surface moderately densely punctate; punctures small and moderate in size; base and apex on sides strongly rugose. Striae with 2 rows of long grooves surrounding 2 rows of lunulate punctures bearing moderate to long setae. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate; striae dense, mostly discontinuous on base, continuous at apex, moderately densely setose, setae short to long. Legs: Protibiae slender; apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Meso- and metatibial carinae moderately developed. Metatibial spurs slender, apices sharp. Venter: Mesometasternal process wide, weakly compressed laterally, apex evenly rounded, extending anteriorly beyond level of mesocoxae. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae densely setose, setae as on legs; metepimera sparsely setose. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, weakly punctate and setose at middle; median sulcus moderately impressed. Abdominal sternites with weakly impressed, longitudinal depression. Abdomen in lateral view moderately concave.</p> <p>Allotype. Female. Similar to holotype except for the following: Length 9.9 mm; width 5.6 mm Head: Frons sparsely setose; setae short, yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeal apex not reflexed, weakly sinuate. Antennal club shorter than stem. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely setose, mostly glabrous at middle. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly worn down. Meso- and metatibial carinae strongly developed. Metatibial spurs lanceolate, apices rounded. Venter: Mesometasternal process extended to the same level as mesocoxae. Abdomen in lateral view strongly convex.</p> <p>Variation. Paratypes (7 males, 7 females) similar to holotype and allotype except for the following: Length 7.6–11.4 mm; width 4.4–6.6 mm. Color: Base of pronotum black to yellowish. Black markings on elytra abundant to absent. Melanistic forms present. Head: Frons and clypeus glabrous to densely setose. Pronotum: Surface glabrous to densely setose. Elytra: Surface sparsely to densely setose. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 51c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria diminuta is separated from the other species in the group based on the antennal club as long as the stem in males and shorter in females, scutellum impunctate, weakly compressed mesometasternal process, and form of the parameres. Euphoria canaliculata, a related new species, is separated based on the subequal length of the antennal club in both sexes, scutellum impunctate, strongly compressed mesometasternal process, protarsi sexually dimorphic in length (longer than protibiae in males, shorter in females), and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Natural History. This species was collected at 2,000 m.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. March (2), August (1), September (3), October (3), November (5) (Fig. 51f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Guatemala and Honduras (Fig. 51g).</p> <p>Etymology. From the Spanish “ diminuta ” meaning diminutive, referring to the reduced body size of the adult.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D57AB23385CC4526E97AF946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D57BB23187B440A7EA0AFEC6.text	F449F723D57BB23187B440A7EA0AFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria pulchella (Gory and Percheron 1833)	<div><p>Euphoria pulchella (Gory and Percheron, 1833)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 52)</p> <p>Cet onia pulchella Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MHNG here designated. One paralectotype at MHNG, examined.</p> <p>Cetonia ferrugata Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Cetonia montesuma Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia children Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia thelasco Gory and Percheron 1833: 64. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Description (n = 1,670). Length 8.7–10.1 mm; width 4.8–6.1 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny or tomentous, black, red, dark brown, light brown, orange, or a combination of these colors. Pronotum occasionally with lateral, cretaceous band. Pronotum frequently with 1 black medial vitta on each side of midline. Elytra frequently with reddish areas on disc and a transverse cretaceous band on posterior third. Ventral surface, including legs, black to light brown or a combination of both. Pygidium frequently with cretaceous spots on anterolateral corners. Head: Frons densely punctate, frequently slightly raised at middle; punctures moderate in size, deep, confluent, moderately densely to densely setose; setae yellowish, moderate to long. Clypeus elongated, sides strongly convergent, punctation as on frons, glabrous to sparsely setose; apex not raised, emarginate. Antennal club as long or slightly longer than stem in males, much shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate; punctures moderate, lunulate at middle, sides with fine rugae distributed in a concentric pattern from middle of disc, glabrous to densely setose; setae short to long, yellowish. Sides strongly angulate to arcuate, base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum elongated, apex pointed, sparsely to densely punctate; punctures small, lunulate, setigerous. Elytra: Surface densely punctate, striae bearing 2 rows of grooves surrounding 1–2 rows of lunulate punctures or lunulate punctures surrounding the grooves; punctures moderate in size, bearing short to moderate, yellowish setae, costae well defined. Posterior half of sutural costa raised in lateral view. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate; striae deep, frequently continuous, moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Surface strongly to weakly convex, subequal in shape in both sexes. Legs: Protibial teeth frequently worn down, apical tooth strongly developed in females, basal tooth frequently obsolete to subobsolete in males. Protarsi longer in males than in females. Mesotibial carina often ending in 1–2 short spines. Metatibial spurs slender in males, at least 1 stouter or expanded in females. Venter: Mesometasternal process extending anteriorly slightly or well beyond mesocoxae, weakly to strongly constricted laterally, apex variably rounded. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, sparsely to moderately densely punctate at middle, median sulcus shallowly to deeply impressed. Sternites at sides moderately densely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish, abdomen in lateral view moderately convex in males, flat to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 52c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria pulchella is a highly variable species in color but is separated from the other species in the group based on the strongly attenuate clypeus, base of pronotum moderately to strongly emarginate in front of scutellum, and body frequently with cretaceous markings.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Gory and Percheron (1833) described five different species based on color variants. Burmeister (1842) recognized as valid only E. pulchella.</p> <p>Natural History. This is a frequently collected species. Adults have been found on Buddleja wrightii Robinson (Scrophulariaceae), Baccharis sp., Acacia angustissima (Mill.), Eupatorium sp., and Gossypium sp., and on flowers of C. suberosus and Hyptis mociniana Betnh. (Lamiaceae). Deloya (1988) observed adults copulating on flowers of Bursera subomonoliforme Engl. in Morelos, Mexico. Pacheco et al. (2008) found adults on the flowers of Jatropha curca L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Chiapas, Mexico. Adults are attracted to ultraviolet and white light traps as well as fruit traps and have been collected in tropical deciduous forests, dry forests, pasture lands, and scrub forests. Imagos have been found in the debris piles of A. mexicana in Mexico (Hinton and Ancona 1935; Deloya 1988; Rojas 1989; Deloya and Morón 1994; Deloya et al. 1995; Navarrete-Heredia 2001). Specimens have been collected between 366–2,300 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (4), March (6), April (18), May (101), June (438), July (253), August (95), September (235), October (226), November (6), December (6) (Fig. 52f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from northern Mexico through El Salvador (Fig. 52g). Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from Chihuahua, Durango, and Hidalgo, Mexico.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (1,670). Type material: Cetonia pulchella Gory and Percheron, 1833; lectotype at MNHG here designated labeled “Gory/ TYPE// pulchella/ G. et P. B.// Coll. Melly // Mexico ” and my lectotype label; paralectotype at MHNG labeled “Coll. Melly ” and my paralectotype label. Cetonia ferrugata Gory and Percheron, 1833; holotype at MHNG labeled “Gory/ TYPE// var. ferrugata / G. et P./ Mexico / Coll. Melly ” and my holotype label. Other material: BELIZE (1): TOLEDO: Columbia Forest Reserve (1). EL SALVADOR (5): CUSCATLÁN: El Rosario (4); SAN SALVADOR: San Salvador (1). GUATEMALA (84): ALTA VERAPAZ: Cobán (1), La Llamaca (“ Chacoj ”) (1); BAJA VERAPAZ: Salamá (11), San Jerónimo (1); EL PROGRESO: El Progreso (6), Morazán (1); EL QUICHÉ: Río Blanco (1), Sacapulas (1); JALAPA: Jalapa (1), PETÉN: Tikal (3); ZACAPA: La Unión (2), San Lorenzo (48); NO DATA: “Guatemala” (7). HONDURAS (78): COMAYAGUA: Comayagua (1), El Taladro (68); CORTÉS: Yojoa (2); LA PAZ: La Paz (1); YORO: Arenal (3); NO DATA: “Honduras” (3). MEXICO (1,494): CAMPECHE: Hopelchen (1); COLIMA: Colima (25), Manzanillo (2); CHIAPAS: Altamirano (1), Arriaga (1), Chicoasén (1), Chorreadero (2), El Aguacero (22), Ixtapa (5), La Sepultura (3), Ocozocoautla (3), Santa Rosa (7), La Sepultura (4), Suchiate (3), Parque Nacional Cañon del Sumidero (72), Tuxtla Gutiérrez (5); DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (3); ESTADO DE MÉXICO: Tejupilco (3), Temascaltepec (3); GUERRERO: Almolonga (11), Arcelia (35), Coayula (51), Cuapongo (4), El Ocotito (8 km W) (1), Iguala (2) (10 km N) (2), Mexcala (1), Michapa (1), Río Balsas (137), Taxco de Alarcón (1), Xochipala (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (47), Autlán (4), Chamela (26), Chapala (12), Cuitzmala (1), El Tuito (7), Guadalajara (222), Huentitán (14), Jalastitlán (1), La Quemada (4), Magdalena (9), Puerto Los Mazos (1), Puerto Vallarta (1), Tequila (13), Tesistan (22 km N) (1), Tlaquepaque (5), Volcán Colima (27); MICHOACÁN: Acahuato (12), Apatzingán (2), Cotija (1), El Sabino (1); MORELOS: Alpuyeca (17), Amacuzac (6), Cuernavaca (49), Huajintlan (3), Joyutla (1), Puente de Ixtla (4), Tepoztlán (1), Xochicalco (28); NAYARIT: Acaponeta (1), Compostela (1), Jesús María (9), Ixtlán del Río (2), Peñita (1), La Quemada (2), San Blas (15), Santa María (1), Tepic (3), Volcán Ceboruco (3); OAXACA: El Vado (1), El Zopilote (1) Guelatao (1), Juchitán (1), Huajuapan (3), Matias Romero (3), Monte Albán (186), Niltepec (1), Oaxaca (72), Pueblo Nuevo (16), San Juan Juquila Mixes (32), Santiago Chazumba (2), Tehuana (1), Tehuantepec (3), Teotitlán (8), Tepanatepec (2), Tlacotula (7), Xochicalco (2); PUEBLA: Acatlán (6), Pahuatlán (1); SINALOA: Acaponeta (2), Choix (2), Guamúchil (3), Mazatlán (21), San Blas (2), Walamo (23); SONORA: Álamos (6), Guiricoba (5); VERACRUZ: Actopan (3), Balsapote (5), Barranca de Metlac (1), Córdoba (14), Cuitláhuac (1), Descanso (1), Fortín de las Flores (5), Huatusco (5), Jalapa (19), La Tinaja (2), Los Tuxtlas (2), Palma Sola (4), Puente Nacional (9), Rinconada (2), San Martín (1), Santa María del Mar (4), Sontecomapan (5), Tierra Blanca (1), Tinajitas (1); YUCATÁN: No data: (1); ZACATECAS: La Ceja (11), Tepetongo (3); NO DATA: “Mexico” (10). SUSPECT RECORDS (5): “Costa Rica” (1), “Venezuela” (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D57BB23187B440A7EA0AFEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D579B23185EA4101EA0AF946.text	F449F723D579B23185EA4101EA0AF946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria inda Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria inda Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 5a–d)</p> <p>Species in the inda species-group are distinguished by the broad clypeus, labium thickened anteriorly, emarginate pronotal base, irregularly shaped areas on each side of midline impunctate and glabrous, and distinct male genitalia (Figs. 53c, 54c).</p> <p>Composition. Two species are included in this group: E. hirtipes Horn and E. inda (L.).</p> <p>Natural History. Both adults and larvae have been found associated with ants of the genus Formica, but they are also known to develop independently.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE INDA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes. Protibiae robust, medial and basal teeth closer to each other than to apical tooth. Elytra shiny, mostly yellowish brown, black markings limited to sutural and posterior area (Fig. 53a). Males with dense fringe of setae on metatibiae.......... E. hirtipes Horn (p. 92)</p> <p>1′. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Protibiae slender, teeth equidistant. Elytra tomentous (rarely shiny), with black markings distributed throughout entire surface (Fig. 54a, d). Males without dense fringe of setae on metatibiae...................................................... E. inda (L.) (p. 93)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO INDA</p> <p>1. Maza antenal en ambos sexos más corta que el resto de los segmentos antenales. Protibias robustas, dientes basales y mediales más cercanos entre ellos que al diente apical. Élitros brillantes, café amarillentos en su mayoría, marcas negras solo en la región sutural y posterior (Fig. 53a). Machos con un grupo denso de setas en la metatibia................................... E. hirtipes Horn (p. 92)</p> <p>1′. Maza antenal en los machos más larga que el resto de los segmentos antenales, más corta en las hembras. Protibias delgadas, dientes equidistantes. Élitros tomentosos (raramente brillantes), con marcas negras distribuidas sobre toda la superficie (Fig. 54a, d). Machos sin grupo denso de setas en la metatibia............................................... E. inda (L.) (p. 93)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D579B23185EA4101EA0AF946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D579B236861340A7ECF6FE41.text	F449F723D579B236861340A7ECF6FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria hirtipes Horn 1880	<div><p>Euphoria hirtipes Horn, 1880</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 53)</p> <p>Euphoria hirtipes Horn 1880: 401. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MCZ designated by Hardy (2001), examined. One paralectotype at MCZ, not examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 240). Length 10.2–13.4 mm; width 5.8–7.7 mm. Color: Head and pronotum black; pronotum frequently with 1 yellowish brown marking at each side anteromedially. Elytra usually yellowish brown, with black markings on apex and sutural costa. Head: Frons densely punctate; punctures moderate in size, round, frequently confluent; surface frequently depressed, with 1 central depression, or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by a weak, longitudinal ridge; surface densely setose; setae long, yellowish. Clypeus short, subrectangular to subtrapezoidal, punctate to strigopunctate; punctures as on frons; surface moderately to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish, limited to basal portion of clypeus; sides not raised, apex vaguely reflexed, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely sinuate in frontal view. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes. Pronotum: Surface densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish; densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size at middle, denser and larger towards sides. Midline and 1 irregularly shaped area at each side impunctate and glabrous. Base in front of scutellum moderately to strongly emarginate. Scutellum longer than wide, apex pointed or rounded, sparsely setose, setae as on pronotum, apex frequently depressed. Elytra: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures irregular in shape, moderate in size, distributed in 3–4 rows on striae. Costae weakly to strongly raised. Posterior half of sutural costa elevated. Setae as on pronotum. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae weakly to moderately impressed, discontinuous. Setae as on pronotum. Legs: Protibiae robust, basal and medial teeth widely fused at bases. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 2 sharp spines. Metatibial carina strongly developed; metatibial apex expanded; metatarsi moderately flattened. Metatibiae of males with fringe of dense, long, setae on internal angle. Venter: Mesometasternal process small, strongly compressed, extending anteriorly at same level of mesocoxae or slightly beyond, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, densely setose at suture. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, densely setose laterally, moderately setose and sparsely punctate at middle; median sulcus strongly impressed. Abdominal sternites 2–3 frequently with deep, longitudinal line medially in both sexes; abdomen of males densely setose, moderately setose in females, abdominal sternites 6–7 frequently with row of long setae in males, row absent in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 53c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria hirtipes is separated from E. inda, the other species in the group, by the following combination of characters: body densely setose, antennal club shorter than stem in both sexes, protibiae robust with medial and basal teeth closer to each other than to the apical tooth in both sexes, mesotibiae with well-developed carina, males with dense fringe of hairs on metatibiae, and abdominal sternites 2–3 frequently with medial longitudinal line. Casey (1915) erroneously reported this species as lacking a lateral line on the pronotum. I found that the line can become more difficult to discern in specimens with a densely punctate pronotum but is never completely absent.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria hirtipes was described based on 42 males and 56 females from Dodge County, Nebraska, USA (Horn 1880). Casey (1915) created the monotypic genus Euphoriaspis for this species. In Casey’ s view, the absence (as observed by him) of the lateral line of the pronotum, in addition to the robust protibiae, metatibial fringe of hairs in the males, and short tarsi were unique and of generic significance. Except for the lateral line on the pronotum, Casey’ s observations were accurate and this species is indeed unique. Hardy (1988) synonymized Euphoriaspis with Euphoria, providing no comment on this proposed change.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults and larvae have been collected in mounds and nests of Formica obscuripes Forel (Wheeler 1910; Windsor 1964; Paulsen 2002). Ratcliffe (1976) studied the biology of the species in Nebraska, finding both adults and larvae associated with Formica sp. ants; as many as 60 larvae and 85 adults were found in one nest. Adults were found scattered throughout the thatch portion of the nest, the majority being found in the upper 5–25 cm in the soil-thatch interface. Adults were never found in the ant galleries. Adults overwinter in the nest and oviposit there the next spring. The larval stage lasts between 11–15 weeks and the pupal stage between 10–20 days. Pupation takes place 10–25 cm below the soil surface. The immature stages were described by Ratcliffe (1976).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. April (100), May (45), July (1), September (5), November (1) (Fig. 53d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Colorado, Nebraska, and North Dakota, USA (Fig. 53e). Riley and Wolfe (2003) recorded the species from Deaf Smith County, Texas.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (240). Type material: Euphoria hirtipes Horn, 1880; lectotype at MCZ labeled “ Dodge Co. / Nebr.// E./ hirtipes/ Horn // MCZ TYPE/ 7901 // TYPE No. 3708/ Euphoria / hirtipes/ G. H. Horn// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / hirtipes Horn / 1880/ By A. R. HARDY/ 1977”. Other material: USA (227): COLORADO. El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (1). NEBRASKA. Blaine Co.: Sandhills (4); Cuming Co.: West Point (20); Dodge Co.: Dodge (1); Garden Co.: Ash Hollow State Park (2); Keith Co.: Ogallala (14); McPherson Co.: Tryon (4); Thomas Co.: Halsey (175); No data (9). NORTH DAKOTA. Kidder Co.: No data (1), Stutsman Co.: Chase Lake (4). NO DATA: (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D579B236861340A7ECF6FE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D57EB20B862D4194EA0AFEF0.text	F449F723D57EB20B862D4194EA0AFEF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria inda (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Euphoria inda (L., 1758)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 54)</p> <p>Scarabaeus indus Linnaeus 1758: 352. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at UUZM, examined.</p> <p>Cetonia marilandica von Frölich 1792: 116.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia barbata Say 1824: 239. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Cetonia brunnea Gory and Percheron 1833: 63. Synonym.</p> <p>Type not located.</p> <p>Euphoria inda var. nigripennis Klages 1894: 198. Synonym.</p> <p>Type at CUIC, not examined.</p> <p>Goraqua smithsana Péringuey 1907: 358. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at Iziko Museum of Cape Town (formerly South African Museum), not examined.</p> <p>Euphoria rufobrunnea Casey 1915: 309. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at USNM designated by Hardy (2001), examined. Nineteen paralectotypes at UNSM, one examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 2,201). Length 11.5–16.1 mm; width 6.9–9.6 mm. Color: Surface tomentous or shiny, pronotum black or with a complex pattern of black and yellowish-brown markings. Elytra yellowish brown with small to moderate, black, markings; markings abundant to scarce. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons densely punctate or strigose; punctures moderate in size, round, frequently confluent; surface rarely with 1 central depression or 2 longitudinal depressions separated by a weak, longitudinal ridge; densely setose; setae, long, yellowish. Clypeus subquadrate, punctate, strigose, or strigopunctate; punctures as on frons; sparsely to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish; lateral margins weakly to moderately raised, subparallel to subparabolic, apex weakly reflexed in both sexes, truncate in dorsal view, vaguely sinuate in frontal view. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females. Pronotum: Surface moderately densely to densely punctate; punctures lunulate, moderate in size at middle, denser and larger towards sides, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish, distributed in irregular patches. Midline, pronotal base, and irregularly shaped areas on each side of midline impunctate and glabrous. Base in front of scutellum weakly to strongly emarginate. Scutellum impunctate, glabrous, longer than wide, apex pointed. Elytra: Surface sparsely to moderately densely punctate; punctures lunulate to irregular in shape, small to moderate in size, distributed in 2–3 rows on striae. Glabrous to moderately densely setose; setae short, yellowish. Costae weakly to moderately raised. Posterior half of sutural costa elevated. Pygidium: Surface frequently with irregular depressions, subconcentrically striate; striae weakly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, densely setose; setae short to moderate in size, yellowish. Legs: Basal and medial protibial teeth frequently closer to each other than to apical tooth, basal tooth occasionally subobsolete in males. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 1–2 sharp teeth; metatibiae slightly expanded apically; metatibial spurs subequal in form in both sexes. Metatarsi weakly flattened. Venter: Mesometasternal process weakly to strongly compressed, extending anteriorly to the same level of mesocoxae or slightly beyond, glabrous on mesosternal lobe, glabrous to densely setose at suture. Mesepimera, metasternum, and metacoxae setose, setae as on legs. Metasternum rugose, setose laterally, glabrous to sparsely setose. Median sulcus weakly to moderately impressed. Abdomen flat in lateral view in males, moderately to strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 54c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria inda is separated from E. hirtipes by the entire body not densely setose, antennal club longer than stem in males, shorter in females, slender protibiae, absence of a setose fringe on the metatibiae, and surface frequently with irregular depressions.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria inda was the first species of Cetoniini described from the Americas. Subsequently, intraspecific variation resulted in this species being described many times, all of which are now considered synonyms (i. e., von Frölich 1792; Say 1824; Gory and Percheron 1833; Klages 1894). Burmeister synonymized C. barbata, C. brunnea, and C. marilandica with E. inda. Goraqua smithsana was described by Péringuey (1907) based on a female specimen of E. inda mislabeled as from Cape Colony, South Africa (Holm 1989). Casey (1915), based on specimens from New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Washington, described E. rufobrunnea. According to Casey, E. rufobrunnea was different from E. inda by being of a larger size, having an entirely black pronotum, and larger protibial teeth. Casey (1915) also described E. inda nigripennis. Hardy (2001) synonymized both of Casey’ s (1915) names with E. inda.</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria inda has been collected on Asclepias speciosa Torr., Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.), E. nauseosa, H. annus, Solidago sp., Dahlia sp. (Asteraceae), Castanea dentata (Marsh.), and Quercus sp. Adults have also been found boring in Syringa sp. (Oleaceae), buried in the soil among roots of Piper nigrum (L.) (Piperaceae), under wood pieces on a stump of Acer sacharum Marsh., and under dry cow dung. Adults have been observed feeding on sap from wounds gouged in sunflower stalks (Diana Pilson, in litt.), rotten apples, ripe peaches, rotten cotton balls, corn, tomatoes, overripe figs, and watermelons. One specimen was collected from the hair of Procyon lotor (L.) (Carnivora: Procyonidae), and some have been collected from Formica sp. nests. Adults are occasionally attracted in large numbers to Lindgren funnel traps baited with a variety of lures, including ethanol and scolytine and bostrichid pheromones in eastern Montana (Michael Ivie, in litt.). Specimens were also occasionally collected in unbaited pitfall traps. Lago et al. (1979) and Paulsen (2002) observed adults in the nests of F. obscuripes. In Wisconsin, adults were collected in flight intercept traps, baited pitfall traps, pocket gopher mounds, and flying over sandy areas (Kriska and Young 2002). Both adults and larvae were observed in the vicinity of Formica sp. thatch ant nests (Ratcliffe 1976; Kriska and Young 2002). Ratcliffe (1991) reported the species feeding en masse on Hibiscus esculentus (L.) (Malvaceae). Euphoria inda has been collected in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, scrub forest, pine/hardwood forest, and sandy soils.</p> <p>Larvae are known to pupate in June–July. Adults emerge shortly thereafter and are active until temperatures drop in the fall. During the winter, the adults become inactive and possibly burrow in the soil. Adults are rarely found on warm days in the middle of the winter. With rising temperatures the following spring, adults become active again and oviposit (Blatchley 1910; Hayes 1925; Lago et al. 1979; Ritcher 1966; Ratcliffe and Paulsen 2008). Larvae have been recorded in organic debris at the edges of haystacks, compost piles, manure (Ritcher 1966), grass clippings (Kohlmann 1979), rotten wood (Blatchley 1910), and Formica sp. nests (Schwarz 1890; Wheeler 1910; Ratcliffe 1976).</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (3), February (2), March (57), April (239), May (212), June (52), July (140), August (310), September (391), October (53), December (1) (Fig. 54f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Mexico, throughout most of the United States to Canada (Fig. 54g). McNamara (1991) recorded the species in Canada from the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Saskatchewan. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from Chihuahua, Colima, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Sinaloa, and Veracruz, Mexico.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (2,201). Type material: Scarabaeus indus Linnaeus, 1758; holotype male at UUZM labeled “indica./ mus. Reg. p. 87./ mus. Guff. Ad.[?]// indus/ typus// Lectotypus/ Scarab./ Indus L./ design./ BOL-56”. (The label data from this specimen indicates it is a lectotype. Nevertheless, I was unable to find a published designation and therefore treat this specimen as the holotype). Euphoria rufobrunnea Casey, 1915; lectotype male at USNM labeled “Ft. Wingate/ N. Mex// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// rufobrunnea. 20/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48674// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / rufobrunnea Csy / by A.R./ Hardy 1978”; paralectotype female at USNM labeled “N.M.// CASEY/ bequest/ 1925// TYPE USNM/ 48674// rufobrunnea/ Csy// PARALECTOTYPE / Euphoria / rufobrunnea Csy ”. Other material: CANADA (5): ONTARIO: Port Hope (2), Toronto (2), no data (1). MEXICO (66): DISTRITO FEDERAL: Ciudad de México (24); DURANGO: Cerro Gordo (1), Durango (8), El Yaquil (2); JALISCO: Ajijíc (15), Guadalajara (1); HIDALGO: Pachuca (3), Zimapán (1); NUEVO LEÓN: La Rosita (1); SONORA. Nogales (1); NO DATA: (9). USA (2,127): ALABAMA. Baldwin Co.: Daphne (1); Jefferson Co.: Birmingham (1), Monte Sano (1); Madison Co.: Huntsville (1); St. Clair Co.: Springville (1). ARIZONA. Apache Co.: Ganado (3), White Mountains (2); Cochise Co.: Cave Creek Canyon (1), Chiricahua Mountains (3), Portal (7); Coconino Co.: Grand Canyon National Park (2); Gila Co.: Globe (15), Pinal Mountains (4), Sierra Ancha Mountains (1); Greenle Co.: South Fork (11); Navajo Co.: Heber (1), Winslow (1); Santa Cruz Co.: Nogales (1); Yavapai Co.: Cherry (1), Prescott (5), Sedona (2); No data: (1). ARKANSAS. Lawrence Co.: Imboden (2); Sharp Co.: Highland (1); Washington Co.: Fayetteville (2), no data (1). CALIFORNIA. Modoc Co.: No data (8). COLORADO. Boulder Co.: Boulder (4), no data (4); Cheyenne Co.: Cheyenne (1); Custer Co.: Wetmore (3); Denver Co.: Denver (5); Douglas Co.: Cherry Creek (1); El Paso Co.: Colorado Springs (1); Garfield Co.: Glenwood Springs (4); Jeff Co.: Bear Creek Park (2); Jefferson Co.: Edgewater (1), no data (1); Larimer Co.: Fort Collins (2); Las Animas Co.: Trinidad (1); Mesa Co.: Palisade (1); Otero Co.: La Junta (1); Saguache Co.: Great Sand Dunes National Monument (2); San Juan Co.: Silverton (7); Yuma Co.: Wray (7). CONNECTICUT. Fairfield Co.: Stamford (1); Litchfield Co.: Canaan (1); Middlesex Co.: Cromwell (1); New Haven Co.: West Rock Park (1); New London Co.: Lyme (1). DELAWARE. New Castle Co.: Newark (1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Rock Creek National Park (14), Washington D.C. (23). FLORIDA. Alachua Co.: Gainesville (2). Hillsboro Co.: No data (1); Lake Co.: Lady Lake (1); Liberty Co.: Torreya State Park (1); Levy Co.: No data (1); Miami-Dade Co.: Haulover (1); Orange Co.: No data (1); Volusia Co.: Daytona Beach (1); No data: (1). GEORGIA. Dade Co.: Head River (1), Trenton (1); DeKalb Co.: No data (1); Fulton Co.: Atlanta (2); Henry Co.: No data (1); Upson Co.: The Rock (1). IDAHO. Bannock Co.: Lava Hot Springs (1), Pocatello (9); Canyon Co.: Parma (1); Kootenai Co.: Coeur d’ Alene (1); Nez Perce Co.: Arrow Junction (1), Hells Gate State Park (1); Washington Co.: Weiser (1). ILLINOIS. Cook Co.: Bowmanville (1), Chicago (5), Evanston (2), Willow Springs (1), Winnetka (1); Fayette Co.: (1), no data; McLean Co.: Bloomington (1); Lake Co.: No data (3); Lee Co.: No data (1); Rock Island Co.: Rock Island (1); No data: (1). INDIANA. Allen Co.: No data (1); Benton Co.: Pine (1); Brown Co.: No data (3); Clark Co.: Borden (2); Dekalb Co.: No data (2); Dubois Co.: Ferdinand State Forest (1), Jasper (1); Elkhart Co.: Eby’ s Pines (1); Fulton Co.: Kewanna (1), no data (1); Hamilton Co.: No data (1); Hendricks Co.: Brownsburg (2); Jefferson Co.: Madison (1); Kosciusko Co.: Syracuse (2), no data (1); Lake Co.: Hammond (2), Whiting (1); LaGrange Co.: Pigeon River State Fish and Wildlife Area (5); La Porte Co.: Kingsbury (2), no data (1); Lawrence Co.: Bedford (8), no data (5); Marion Co.: Indianapolis (1), no data (4); Monroe Co.: No data (2); Montgomery Co.: No data (1); Noble Co.: Chain O’ Lakes State Park (2); Porter Co.: Dunes State Park (1), Tremont (1); St. Joseph Co.: Bendix Woods (2); Tippecanoe Co.: Lafayette (1), no data (11); Union Co.: No data (1); Vigo Co.: No data (2); Wabash Co.: No data (1); Warren Co.: Pine Village (2); Wells Co.: Bluffton (1); Whitely Co.: No data (2). IOWA. Clarke Co.: Liberty (1); Clayton Co.: McGregor (1); Hancock Co.: Forest City (1); Johnson Co.: Iowa City (6); Story Co.: Ames (1). KANSAS. Clark Co.: Englewood (5); Doniphan Co.: Troy (1); Douglas Co.: Lawrence (1), no data (1); Finney Co.: Garden City (3); Kiowa Co.: Belvidere (1); Labbett Co.: Oswego (2); Leavenworth Co.: No data (1); Riley Co.: Manhattan (5); Sedgwick Co.: Wichita (12); Scott Co.: Scott City (2); Shawnee Co.: Richland (4), Topeka (1); Sumner Co.: Wellington (1). KENTUCKY. Allen Co.: Scottsville (8mi. S.) (1); Edmonson Co.: Mammoth Cave National Park (1); Green Co.: Crailhope (6); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Hardin Co.: Fort Knox (1); Knox Co.: Barbourville (1); Martin Co.: Pilgrim (1); Menifee Co.: Frenchburg (1). MAINE. Hancock Co.: Bar Harbor (1), Echo Lake (1); Kennebec Co.: Augusta (3); Penobscot Co.: Orono (2); York Co.: Ogunquit (5), Saco (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Laurel (5), Odenton (1), Riverdale (1); Frederick Co.: Frederick (1), Myersville (1); Montgomery Co.: Ashton (3), Cabin John (1), Kensington (1), Plummers Island (10); Prince George Co.: Avenel (1), Cheverly (1), Beltsville (2), Bladensburg (1), Bowie (1), College Park (3), no data (1); Rock Co.: Montville (1); No data (4). MASSACHUSSETTS. Barnstable Co.: Woods Hole (1); Bristol Co.: Mansfield (1); Essex Co.: Beach Bluff (1), Boxford (1), Ipswich (1), Lawrence (1), Saugus (3); Hampshire Co.: Amherst (3); Middlesex Co.: Framingham (6), Melrose (5), Natick (2); Norfolk Co.: Blue Hills (3), Deadham (1); Plymouth Co.: Brockton (1); Suffolk Co.: Forest Hills (6). MICHIGAN. Alcona Co.: No data (1); Allegan Co.: Allegan State Forest (1); Arenac Co.: Charity Island (1); Barry Co.: Barry Township (1); Charlevoix Co.: Beaver Island (1); Berrien Co.: No data (1); Clinton Co.: Rose Lake (1); Ingham Co.: East Lansing (6); Jackson Co.: No data (1); Kalamazoo Co.: Portage (1); Kent Co.: Grand Rapids (7); Lapeer Co.: Sawdel Lake (1); Livingston Co.: Pinckney (2); Manistee Co.: No data (3); Macomb Co.: Warren (1); Oakland Co.: Davisburg (1), Millord (1), Ortonville (1); Washtenaw Co.: Ann Arbor (19), Halfmoon Lake (2); Wayne Co.: Detroit (1), no data (2); No data: “Chittenden Nursery” (1). MINNESOTA. Anoka Co.: Cedar Creek (5), no data (12); Beltrami Co.: Bemidji (6); Blue Earth Co.: No data (1); Carver Co.: Waconia (9); Cass Co.: Cass Lake (1); Clay Co.: No data (1); Clearwater Co.: Bagley (1), Lake Itasca (1); Cottonwood Co.: Windom (2); Crow Wing Co.: Nisswa (1); Dakota Co.: Rosemount (1), no data (1); Douglas Co.: Alexandria (1); Goodhue Co.: Red Wing (11), no data (3); Grant Co.: Herman (2); Hennepin Co.: Fort Snelling (6), Lake Minnetonka (1), Minneapolis (2), Mound (5), no data (11); Houston Co.: No data (10); Hubbard Co.: Itasca State Park (1), Park Rapids (1); Mille Lacs Co.: Mille Lacs Lake (1), no data (1); Morrison Co.: Lake Alexander(1); Nicollet Co.: St. Peter (2); Olmsted Co.: No data (11); Otter Tail Co.: Pelican Rapids (1), Perham (6), Wadena (3); Pine Co.: Pine City (4), no data (1); Pipestone Co.: No data (1); Ramsey Co.: Saint Paul (197), Vadnais Lake (7), no data (9); Scott Co.: Jordan (1); Sherburne Co.: Becker (1), no data (3); Stearns Co.: St. Cloud (1); Stevens Co.: Donnelly (1); Todd Co.: Hewitt (2); Wabash Co.: Hammond (2); Washington Co.: Afton (2), Lakeland (2), Newport (1), no data (5); No data: (3). MISSISSIPPI. George Co.: Lucedale (1). MISSOURI. Marion Co.: Monroe City (3); Greene Co.: Willard (1), no data (2); Saint Louis Co.: Kirkwood (1). MONTANA. Fallon Co.: Baker (1); Fergus Co.: Buffalo (1); Gallatin Co.: Bozeman (1), no data (1); Stillwater Co.: Columbus (1); Yellowstone Co.: Huntley (19), Laurel (25). NEBRASKA. Adams Co.: No data (2); Buffalo Co.: No data (1); Cherry Co.: Valentine (1); Cheyenne Co.: Sidney (4), Valentine (6); Clay Co.: No data (119); Cuming Co.: West Point (13); Custer Co.: Berwyn (1); Dawson Co.: No data (8); Dodge Co.: Fremont (1); Douglas Co.: Omaha (5); Dundy Co.: Haigler (7); Greeley Co.: Scotia (2), Greeley (7.3 m S) (5); Hall Co.: no data (1); Hitchcock Co.: No data (7); Kearney Co.: Kearney (1); Keith Co.: Ogallala (9), no data (7); Knox Co.: Walnut (1); Lancaster Co.: Havelock (11), Lincoln (25); McPherson Co.: Tryon (15); Nemaha Co.: Indian Cave State Park (1); Platte Co.: Columbus (1), Soulliere (1); Richardson Co.: Indian Cave State Park (4); Sarpy Co.: Bellevue (5); Saunders Co.: Ashland (1); Scotts Bluff Co.: Mitchell (2); Sioux Co.: Bad Lands (1), Monroe Canon (2); Thayer Co.: Hebron (1); Thomas Co.: Halsey (2); Washington Co.: Blair (1). NEW JERSEY. Bergen Co.: Alpine (1), Englewood cliffs (4); Burlington Co.: Browns Mills (1), Burlington (1), Palmyra (1), Riverton (5); Camden Co.: Clementon (1); Cape May Co.: Ocean City (1), Swainton (1); Cumberland Co.: Vineland (6), no data (1); Essex Co.: Newark (2); Gloucester Co.: Glassboro (1); Morris Co.: Boonton (1); Ocean Co.: Cassville (1), Lakehurst (6), Manchester (1), Warren grove (1); Passaic Co.: Clifton (1), Great Notch (9), Green Wood Lake (1); No data: “Southern NJ” (1). NEW MEXICO. Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque (9); Chaves Co.: Roswell (10); Colfax Co.: Koehler (1); Eddy Co.: Carlsbad Caverns (1), Lake Burford (1); Grant Co.: Emory Pass (2), Silver City (8), no data (1); Lea Co.: McDonald (12); Lincoln Co.: Sierra Blanca Mountains (9); McKinley Co.: Fort Wingate (1); Otero Co.: Cloudcroft (3), Sierra Blanca Mountains (32); Quay Co.: Tucumcari (4); Rio Arriba Co.: Abiquiu (1); San Juan Co.: Aztec (1); San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas (4); Sandoval Co.: Jemez Mountains (2); Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe (7); Sierra Co.: Kingston (2); Taos Co.: Taos (1). NEW YORK. Clinton Co.: Keeseville (2); Chautauqua Co.: No data (1); Erie Co.: Buffalo (1), Chafee (3), New Town (5); Genesee co.: Batavia (1); Kings Co.: Brooklyn (3); Nassau Co.: Long Island (1), Old Westbury (1), Roslyn (4), Valley Stream (1); New York Co.: New York (3); Niagara Co.: Olcott (2); Onondaga Co.: Elbridge (1), no data (1); Orange Co.: West Point (9); Orleans Co.: Medina (4); Oswego Co.: Mallory (2), Oswego (1); Queens Co.: Richmond Hill (1); Richmond Co.: Staten Island (1); Rockland Co.: Sloatsburg (1); Schenectady Co.: No data (1); Suffolk Co.: Babylon (1), Cold Spring Harbor (1); Tompkins Co.: Ithaca (14); Ulster Co.: Gardiner (1); Westchester Co.: Pelham (1), Somers (1), Yonkers (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Buncombe Co.: Ashville (1); Craven Co.: New Bern Fairfield Harbor (1); Jackson Co.: Balsam (5); Madison Co.: Hot Springs (1); Mecklenburg Co.: No data (1); Moore Co.: Southern Pines (1). NORTH DAKOTA. Grand Forks Co.: Forest River Biology Area (1); Logan Co.: Gackle (1); Ransom Co.: Sheldon (2); Richland Co.: No data (2); Stark Co.: Dickinson (3); Ward Co.: Minot (1), no data (1). OHIO. Athens Co.: Athens (2); Butler Co.: Butler (1); Cuyahoga Co.: Cleveland (1); Delaware Co.: No data (1); Erie Co.: Sandusky (1); Franklin Co.: Columbus (1); Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati (1); Hocking Co.: Good Hope (1), Jackson Co.: Buckeye (1); Lake Co.: Painesville (1); Lucas Co.: Oak Openings Park (1); Sandusky Co.: Sandusky (1); Scioto Co.: Shawnee State Park (1); Stark Co.: Minerva (1); Vinton Co.: No data (2); Washington Co.: Squaw Hollow (2); Wayne Co.: Wooster (2); Wood Co.: Bowling Green (25); No data: “Birmingham” (1). OKLAHOMA. Comanche Co.: Lawton (1); Custer Co.: Weatherford (1); Delaware Co.: No data (1); Rogers Co.: Garnet (1); Woodward Co.: Woodward (1). OREGON. Baker Co.: Baker (1), Durkee (1); Hood River Co.: Hood River (1); Morrow Co.: Ione (3); Sherman Co.: Biggs Junction (7); Umatilla Co.: Hermiston (1), Milton (1), Weston (4); Wasco Co.: The Dalles (3). PENNSYLANIA. Allegheny Co.: Gibsonia (1), Oak Station (3), Pittsburgh (3), West View (1); Beaver Co.: Raccoon Creek Park (1); Bucks Co.: New Hope (1); Butsaxton Co.: No data (1), Centre Co.: State College (2), no data (1); Chester Co.: Hickory Hills (1); Crawford Co.: Meadville (1); Dauphin Co.: Inglenook (1); Delaware Co.: Broomall (1), Lansdowne (1); Douglas Co.: Castle Rock (1); Franklin Co.: Roxbury (2); No data (1); Jefferson Co.: No data (1); Lawrence Co.: No data (1); Lebanon Co.: No data (1); Lycoming Co.: Barbours (4.8 km E) (1); Montgomery Co.: Glenside (1), Sumneytown (1); Northumberland Co.: Selinsgrove (1); Perry Co.: Bailey (1); Philadelphia Co.: Philadelphia (1); Somerset Co.: Somerset (1); Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette (1); Wyoming Co.: Lake Winola (1); York Co.: York (1). RHODE ISLAND. Kent Co.: Warwick (1); Providence Co.: Providence (1). SOUTH DAKOTA. Clay Co.: Vermillion (1), Davison Co.: Mitchell (1), Fall River Co.: Hot Springs (4); Pennington Co.: Rapid City (2); Roberts Co.: No data (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Aiken Co.: White Pond (1); Clarendon Co.: Manning (1); Florence Co.: Florence (1); Oconee Co.: Fish Hatchery (1), Walhalla (1), no data (4); Pickens Co.: Clemson (2), Pickens (1); Richland Co.: Columbia (1); Sumter Co.: Sumter National Forest (1). TENNESSEE. Madison Co.: Jackson (1); Morgan Co.: Burrville (1), Deer Lodge (4); Roane Co.: Harriman (5); Scott Co.: Big South Fork (1); Sullivan Co.: No data (1). TEXAS. Bexar Co.: Leon Valley (1); Bowie Co.: Texarkana (1); Cooke Co.: Lake Ray Roberts (1); Dallas Co.: Dallas (2); Donley Co.: Clarendon (2); Eastland Co.: No data (4); Jeff Davis Co.: Fort Davis (1); Gray Co.: McLean (1); Montgomery Co.: Willis (1); Potter Co.: Amarillo (1), Bushland (3); Smith Co.: Tyler State Park (1); Tarrant Co.: Arlington (3), Fort Worth National Centre (1); Taylor Co.: Abilene (1); Victoria Co.: Victoria (1); Wichita Co.: Wichita Falls (1); No data: (2). UTAH. Beaver Co.: Beaver (1); Box Elder Co.: Brigham City (4), Tremonton (5); Cache Co.: Logan (16); Davis Co.: No data (1); Duchesne Co.: Duchesne (11); Emery Co.: no data (2); Garfield Co.: Henrieville (1); Grand Co.: La Sal Mountains (9); Juab Co.: Eureka (1); Kane Co.: Zion National Park (1), no data (1); Millard Co.: Canosh (3); Salt Lake Co.: Draper (3), Saltair (2), Salt Lake City (2), Taylorsville (1); San Juan Co.: La Sal Mountains (1), Monticello (5), Navajo Mountains (1); Sanpete Co.: Indianola (2); Tooele Co.: Cedar Mountains (1), Dolomite (1), Flux (1), Stansbury Mountains (5), Stockton (9); Uinta Co.: Jensen (1), Roosevelt (1), Vernal (2); Utah Co.: Birdseye (1), Goshen (4), Lehi (1), Orem (5), Payson (12), Pleasant Grove (19), Provo (41), Rock Canyon (8), Santaquin (5), Spanish Fork (9), Springville (2), Squaw Mountain (1), West Mountain (5); Washington Co.: New Harmony (1), Santa Clara (1). VIRGINIA. Arlington Co.: Ballston (1); Clark Co.: Snickers Gap (1); Essex Co.: Dunnsville (4), Tappahannock (1); Fairfax: Falls Church (41), Springfield (2); Loudoun Co.: Snickers Gap (5); Montgomery Co.: no data (2); Norfolk: No data (1); Rockbridge Co.: Jefferson National Forest (1); Williamsburg (1). WASHINGTON. Garfield Co.: Snake River (1); Okanogan Co.: Brewster (1), Omak (12); Walla Walla Co.: Walla Walla (3); Whitman Co.: Almota (1), Colton (1), Wawawai (1); Yakima Co.: Tampico (1), Toppenish (1), Wapato (1), White Swan (2), Yakima (4); WEST VIRGINIA. Monroe Co.: Slaty Mountain Preserve (1); Pocahontas Co.: Marlinton (1); Ritchie Co.: Harrisville (1). WISCONSIN. Adams Co.: No data (3); Arlington Co.: No data (1); Brown Co.: Green Bay (1); Burnett Co.: Crex Meadows (7); Dane Co.: Brooklyn (1), Madison (31), Mazomanie (3), no data (12); Columbia Co.: Mud Lake (1); Crawford Co.: Gays Mills (7); Grant Co.: Bagley (1), Blue River Barrens (1), Lancaster (1), Woodman Lake (1); Iowa Co.: Arena (1), Brigham Township (1), Lowery Creek (3), no data (1); Iron Co.: Mercer (1); Jackson Co.: No data (2); Kenosha Co.: No data (1); Lafayette Co.: Hardscrabble Prairie (3); Marathon Co.: Stratford (1); Milwaukee Co.: Milwaukee (6); Monroe Co.: Fort McCoy (22); Oconto Co.: No data (1); Polk Co.: St. Croix Falls (3); Portage Co.: No data (1); Richland Co.: Lone Rock (5), no data (1); Rock Co.: No data (3); Sauk Co.: Barabul (6), Spring Green Preserve (4); Sawyer Co.: Hayward Nursery (3); Sheboygan Co.: Kohler Park Dunes (1); Vernon Co.: No data (1); Washburn Co.: Dunn Lake (1); Washington Co.: Westbend (2); Waukesha Co.: Kettle Moraine unit (1); Waushara Co.: Coloma Barrens (1), no data (1); Waupaca Co.: Clintonville (3), Hartman Creek (20); Winnebago Co.: Neena (1); Wood Co.: Cranmoor (1), Griffith State Nursery (1); No data: “Wisconsin” (1). WYOMING. Campbell Co.: Gillette (2). NO DATA: Columbus (2), Groveland (1), “Hodson’ s Orchard” (2), Marion County (1), “Monumental Park” (2), Steuben Co. (1), no data (8).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D57EB20B862D4194EA0AFEF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D543B20B85F341FCECE0FA81.text	F449F723D543B20B85F341FCECE0FA81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria areata Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria areata Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 5e–j)</p> <p>Species in this group are distinguished by their quadridentate clypeus, antennal club longer in males than in females, base of pronotum rounded, protibiae tridentate in both sexes, and strongly compressed mesometasternal process. The parameres are simple in general and of little use for species separation.</p> <p>Composition. Three species are known in this group: E. anneae (Howden), E. areata (F.), and E. pilipennis (Kraatz).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Species in this group were formerly included in the genus Stephanucha. Burmeister (1842) created Stephanucha based exclusively on Stephanucha areata by removing this species from Cetonia. Burmeister (1842) defined Stephanucha as having the clypeus not laterally raised but with four teeth apically, head with a strongly rugose surface, antennal club longer in males, base of pronotum rounded, elytra strongly convex, mesometasternal process small, legs short, and protibiae tridentate in both sexes. Lacordaire (1856) synonymized Stephanucha with Euryomia based on the idea that it was established based only on geographic distribution and could not be separated from other Old World genera. The catalog of Harold (1869) raised Stephanucha back from synonymy and Lacordaire’ s ideas were never considered again. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008), based on unpublished molecular data and observations on morphology, placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria.</p> <p>Natural History. Species of this group are known from sandy habitats. Adults and larvae of E. areata and E. pilipennis are associated with burrows made in sandy soils by ants and mammals and in manmade mounds. No specimens are known to have been collected in fruit traps or attracted to lights. Most of the specimens studied were caught in flowers, flying, or by sifting rodent burrows or ant nests. The larvae of E. areata were described by Skelley (1991) and are the only immatures known in the group.</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE AREATA SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>Species in this group are difficult to separate based on adult morphology alone. Since none of the species are sympatric, geographic distribution can be used as an aid to identification.</p> <p>1. Medial clypeal teeth generally fused at base (Fig. 57b). Elytra frequently densely setose with short to long setae (Fig. 57a)..................................... E. pilipennis (Kraatz) (p. 101)</p> <p>1′. Medial clypeal teeth not fused at base (Fig. 56b), if fused elytra never densely setose (Fig. 56a, d, e).................................................................. 2</p> <p>2. Black elytral markings on sutural area only (Fig. 56a). Eastern United States (Fig. 56g).............................................. E. areata (F.) (p. 99)</p> <p>2′. Black elytral markings distributed throughout disc (Fig. 55a). Texas, USA (Fig. 55f)................................ E. anneae (Howden) (p. 98)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO AREATA</p> <p>Las especies de este grupo son difíciles de separar usando la morfología de adultos exclusivamente. Dado que ninguna de las especies es simpátrica, la distribución geográfica puede ser usada como ayuda en la identificación.</p> <p>1. Dientes mediales clipeales generalmente fusionados en la base (Fig. 57b). Élitros frecuentemente densamente setosos, con setas largas y cortas (Fig. 57a).................................... E. pilipennis (Kraatz) (p. 101)</p> <p>1′. Dientes mediales clipeales no fusionados en la base (Fig. 56b), si fusionados, élitros nunca densamente setosos (Fig. 56a, d, e).............2</p> <p>2. Máculas elitrales negras distribuidas solamente sobre el área sutural (Fig. 56a). Este de los Estados Unidos (Fig. 56g)......................................................................... E. areata (F.) (p. 99)</p> <p>2′. Máculas elitrales negras distribuidas a través del disco (Fig. 55a). Texas, EEUU (Fig. 55f)......................... E. anneae (Howden) (p. 98)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D543B20B85F341FCECE0FA81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D543B20887EB454DECDDFBAE.text	F449F723D543B20887EB454DECDDFBAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria anneae (Howden 1955)	<div><p>Euphoria anneae (Howden, 1955)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 55)</p> <p>Stephanucha anneae Howden 1955: 263. Original combination. Holotype at CMNC, examined.</p> <p>Description (4). Length 11.8. 0–12.5 mm; width 7.4–8.0 mm. Color: Dorsal surface partially tomentous; head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium shiny, black. Pronotum mostly shiny, base matte; lateral margin with cretaceous whitish band; irregular, whitish, cretaceous markings frequently on pronotal disc. Elytra yellowish brown, with black markings distributed throughout entire disc. Head: Frons strongly strigose to strigopunctate, punctures moderate to large, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus strongly strigose, sides strongly declivous, weakly to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Apex with 4 short teeth, teeth equidistant or middle ones closer to each other than to lateral teeth. Clypeal margin in front of the eyes strongly raised, developed at times into a sharp denticle. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal stem longer in males than in females, club about as long as head in males, half as long or less in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, punctures small to moderate in size, lunulate; moderately to densely setose, setae short to long, yellowish. Anterior sides evenly arcuate to moderately tapered anteriorly. Lateral line extending only in anterior half or third. Midline frequently impunctate at base. Base strongly rounded to weakly extended posteriorly. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex pointed. Elytra: Surface weakly to moderately setose, setae short to moderate, yellowish. Punctures moderately dense to dense, lunulate to irregular in shape, randomly distributed thought disc. Costae obsolete to subobsolete. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface concentrically striate; striae discontinuous, moderately spaced, moderately impressed; weakly to moderately setose, setae minute to moderate, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly developed, not sexually dimorphic, first tooth oblique. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 1–2 sharp teeth. Metatibiae apically expanded; metatibial spurs frequently thicker in females. Metatarsomeres strongly expanded apically, basal tarsomere strongly expanded distally forming a spine. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Venter: Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, short, not extending anteriorly beyond the level of mesocoxae, mostly setose. Median sulcus weakly to moderately impressed. Abdominal sternites moderately to densely setose laterally, weakly setose to moderately medially, setae distributed along entire width of segment, moderate to long, yellowish. Abdomen laterally convex in females, flat to concave in males. Dorsal and lateral area of sternites frequently with white, cretaceous markings. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 55c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Euphoria anneae is separated from the other two species in the group based on the black elytral markings not originating from the sutural area as in E. areata and body not densely setose as in E. pilipennis. The clypeal denticles are not diagnostic in this species as they vary intraspecifically. This is the only species in the group that occurs in southern Texas, USA.</p> <p>Notes. The four specimens examined differ in the relative positions of the clypeal teeth; all four teeth being equidistant from each other in three specimens and the two middle teeth fused at the base and closer to each other than the outer two teeth in the other. The protibial teeth also show variation in their size, being weakly developed in the holotype and strongly developed in the other three specimens. The body of the holotype is moderately tapered posteriorly (as illustrated by Howden [1955]), a character that is not evident in the other three specimens examined. The pronotum has small, cretaceous markings in three of the four specimens studied (not in the holotype).</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Howden (1955) described the species in the genus Stephanucha based on two specimens collected in southern Texas, USA. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008) placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria, thus transferring E. anneae to the latter genus.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been seen flying low over sandy soil (Howden 1955). Riley and Wolfe (2003) collected both adults and larvae in mounds of Geomys sp.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. May (3), June (1) (Fig. 55e).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known only from southern Texas, USA (Fig. 55f). Riley and Wolfe (2003) recorded the species from Welder Wildlife Refuge, San Patricio County, Texas.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (4). Type material: Holotype male at CMNC labeled “Los Olmos Creek (2 mi. S.)/ U.S. 77, Tex, May 31,/ 1954 H. F. Howden, W. Cloyd // Holotype / Stephanucha / anneae/ H. Howden // BLNO/ 003345 ” Other material: USA (3): TEXAS: Cameron Co.: Padre Island (1); Kenedy Co.: Sarita (2 mi N, 7 mi S) (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D543B20887EB454DECDDFBAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D540B20E86344431EAE7FE8B.text	F449F723D540B20E86344431EAE7FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria areata (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Euphoria areata (F., 1775)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 56)</p> <p>Cetonia areata F. 1775: 50. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at ZMUC, not examined.</p> <p>Stephanucha thoracica Casey 1915: 339. Synonym.</p> <p>Lectotype at UNSM here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 224). Length 10.5–12.2 mm; width 6.5–7.7 mm. Color: Dorsal surface partially or entirely tomentous; head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium black. Pronotum frequently with whitish, cretaceous area on lateral margin. Elytra with yellowish brown markings covering most of the surface, markings extending from sides, frequently not reaching scutellar or apical area. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons strongly strigose to strigopunctate, punctures moderate to large, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, moderately dense to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus strongly strigose, sides strongly declivous, weakly to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Apex with 4 short teeth, teeth equidistant. Clypeal margin in front of the eyes strongly raised, developed at times into sharp denticle. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal stem longer in males than in females, club about as long as head in males, half or less in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, punctures small, lunulate; glabrous to moderately densely setose, setae short to moderate, whitish to yellowish. Anterior sides evenly arcuate to moderately tapered anteriorly. Lateral line extending only in anterior half or third. Cretaceous markings sometimes present on lateral border. Midline frequently impunctate at base. Base strongly rounded to weakly extended posteriorly. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex pointed. Elytra: Surface glabrous to weakly setose; setae minute to short, yellowish. Punctures moderately dense to dense, lunulate to irregular in shape, irregularly distributed throughout disc. Costae obsolete to subobsolete. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate to irregularly punctate; striae moderately impressed, discontinuous, moderately to widely spaced; punctures lunulate to round, moderate in size, frequently confluent, glabrous to weakly setose; setae minute to small, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly developed, not sexually dimorphic, first protibial tooth oblique. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 1–2 sharp teeth. Metatibiae apically expanded; metatibial spurs frequently stouter in females. Metatarsomeres moderately expanded apically, basal tarsomere weakly expanded distally forming a spine. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 56c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from the other species in the group based on the short equidistant clypeal denticles, mostly glabrous elytra, and form of the parameres. Euphoria areata is the only species in the group known from eastern United States.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria areata was removed from Cetonia by Burmeister and placed in his newly created genus Stephanucha. Casey (1915) described Stephanucha thoracica based on two specimens from Florida, USA. Harpootlian (2001) synonymized E. thoracica with E. areata. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008) placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria, thus transferring E. areata to that genus.</p> <p>Natural History. Euphoria areata is frequently encountered in excavated burrows in sandy soils (Blatchley 1930; Skelley 1991), Citrus sp. trees, mounds of Geomys pinetus Rafinesque, and nests of Pogonomyrmex badius (Latreille).</p> <p>Skelley (1991) found adults in Florida living in mounds made by the pocket gopher (G. pinetus) and the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus Daudin, Testudines: Testudinidae), and in manmade mounds from December to April. Examination of gut contents by Skelley (1991) did not provide any solid material. The larval stage was found to last about five months in the laboratory. Pupae were not found in the mounds. Adults were present but thought to remain quiescent in the pupal cells from mid-July until December.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (20), February (17), March (10), April (23), May (15), June (2), July (8), August (11), September (13), October (10), November (23), December (2) (Fig. 56f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from the eastern portion of the United States in Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina (Fig. 56g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (224). Type material: Euphoria thoracica Casey, 1915; lectotype at USNM here designated labeled “Flo.// CASEY/ bequest/1925// thoracica/ PARATYPE USNM/ 48651” and my lectotype label. Other material: USA (221): ALABAMA. Geneva Co.: Fort Rucker (4); Mobile Co.: Mobile (5); Monroe Co.: Monroeville (1). DELAWARE. Sussex Co.: Cape Henlopen (2); No data: “Delaware” (4). FLORIDA. Alachua Co.: Archer (21), Gainesville (10), no data (3); Calhoun Co.: Clarksville (1); Columbia Co.: White Springs (1); Duval Co.: Jacksonville (1); Escambia Co.: Pensacola (2); Lafayette Co.: Day (1); Leon Co.: Tallahassee (5); Levy Co.: Bronson (3); Madison Co.: Greenville (1); Nassau Co.: Boulogne (1); Okaloosa Co.: Deerland (1); Orange Co.: Orlando (1); Polk Co.: Eagle Lake (1), Lake Hamilton (1), Lake Marion Estates (1); Santa Rosa Co.: Avalon (1); Walton Co.: Mossy Head (1); No data: “Kissimmee River” (1), “St. Nicolas” (1). GEORGIA. Crisp Co.: Cordele (1); Dooly Co.: Vienna (1); Grady Co.: Cairo (1); Jefferson Co.: Wrens (1); Mitchell Co.: Baconton (1); Oconee Co.: Cumberland (1); Thomas Co.: Metcalf (1); Turner Co.: Ashburn (1). MARYLAND. Anne Arundel Co.: Bristol (1), Jasons Corner (11), Odenton (3), Waysons Corner (2); Charles Co.: Bryantown (1); Worcester Co.: Ocean City (1). NEW JERSEY. Burlington Co.: Bridgeboro (6), Cinnaminson (2), Pemberton (1), Rancocas (10), Riverton (1); Camden Co.: Atco (12), Clementon (1); Cape May Co.: Ocean City (1), Stone Harbor (1); Essex Co.: Newark (1); Gloucester Co.: Cecil (4), Wenonah (5), Westville (1); Middlesex Co.: No data (1); Monmouth Co.: Oceans Grove (2); No data: “NJ” (28). NEW YORK. Kings Co.: Coney Island (1); Nassau Co.: Long Island (1); Suffolk Co.: Montauk (4), Yaphank (1). NORTH CAROLINA. Moore Co.: Southern Pines (7); Scotland Co.: No data (1). PENNSYLVANNIA. Delaware Co.: Broomall (1); No data: “Pennsylvania” (1). SOUTH CAROLINA. Aiken Co.: No data (1); Barnwell Co.: Blackville (3); Florence Co.: Florence (1); Kershaw Co.: Cassatt (18); Lexington Co.: Lexington (2), New Brookland (1); Richland Co.: Columbia (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D540B20E86344431EAE7FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D546B20F85F54152E9B8FCA7.text	F449F723D546B20F85F54152E9B8FCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria pilipennis (Kraatz 1883)	<div><p>Euphoria pilipennis (Kraatz, 1883)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 57)</p> <p>Stephanucha pilipennis Kraatz 1883: 384. Original combination.</p> <p>Type at ZMUK, not examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 222). Length 9.4–11.9 mm; width 5.5–7.5 mm. Color: Dorsal surface partially or entirely tomentous; head, pronotum, scutellum, and pygidium black. Elytra with yellowish brown markings covering surface slightly to moderately. Markings extending from sides, frequently not reaching scutellar or apical area. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons strongly strigose to strigopunctate, punctures moderate to large, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Clypeus strongly strigose, sides strongly declivous, weakly to moderately setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Apex with 4 short denticles, medial teeth frequently closer to each other than to lateral teeth. Clypeal margin in front of the eyes strongly raised, developed at times into sharp denticle. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal stem longer in males than in females, club about as long as head in males, half or less in females. Pronotum: Surface densely punctate, punctures small in size, lunulate; moderately dense to densely setose, setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Anterior sides evenly arcuate to moderately tapered anteriorly. Lateral line extending only in anterior half or third. Cretaceous markings sometimes present on lateral border. Midline frequently impunctate at base. Base strongly rounded to weakly extended posteriorly. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate, apex pointed. Elytra: Surface weakly to densely setose, setae short to long, yellowish; punctures moderately dense to dense, lunulate to irregular in shape, randomly distributed throughout disc. Costae obsolete to subobsolete. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate; striae discontinuous, moderately to widely spaced, moderately impressed, apex frequently polished, moderately to densely setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly developed, not sexually dimorphic, first protibial tooth oblique. Mesotibial carina strongly developed into 1–2 sharp teeth. Metatibiae apically expanded; metatibial spurs frequently thicker in females. Metatarsomeres moderately expanded apically, basal tarsomere weakly developed in the external lateroapical angle forming a spine. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 57c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adults have the medial clypeal teeth generally fused at their bases or at least closer to each other than to the lateral teeth. The dorsal surface is frequently covered by long setae. The yellowish brown markings on the elytra are generally distributed in a “u” shape pattern on the disc. This species is the only one in the group known from the central portion of the United States.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been collected on flowers and roots of Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. and from the roots of Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae). Adults have been observed hovering around H. annus and Cirsium canescens Nutt. (Paulsen 2002). Knaus (1897), Lago et al. (1979), and Paulsen (2002) found adults in sandy habitats.</p> <p>Lago et al. (1979) observed that during one year most specimens from North Dakota were collected during the first week of June. Of 184 specimens he captured, only 17 were females, corresponding to a 1.0:0.1 male to female sex ratio. In addition, Lago (1979) observed males emerging earlier than females in the season and flying over sandy patches to later burrow into the sand. In contrast, Paulsen (2002), during a study in Nebraska, found the highest number of adults in September. Adults collected during this month appeared to have recently emerged. Paulsen (2002) also observed E. pilipennis becoming thanatotic when in contact with F. obscuripes. The beetles were observed being transported by the ants but escaping before being taken to the nest. No adults were found in the ant nest after inspection. Specimens have been collected between 200–1,500 m elevation. Hayes and McColloch (1928) collected a larva from pasture land and M. J. Paulsen (personal communication) reared an adult from a larva collected in mounds of G. bursarius.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (2), March (2), April (21), May (13), June (5), July (13), August (81), September (47), October (3), December (1) (Fig. 57d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from the central portion of the United States in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas (Fig. 57e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (222). U S A (2 2 2): COLORADO. Prowers Co.: Lamar (1); Weld Co.: Roggen (5). ILLINOIS. Morgan Co.: Meredosia (1). INDIANA. Dearborn Co.: Millers (1); Lake Co.: Hessville (1). IOWA. No data (2). KANSAS. Clark Co.: No data (1); Comanche Co.: No data (2); Douglas Co.: No data (1); Kiowa Co.: Glenn Salsbury (1), Mullinville (3); Morton Co.: No data (2); Reno Co.: Medora (3), no data (3); Riley Co.: No data (7); Rooks Co.: No data (1); Seward Co.: No data (2); Sumner Co.: Belle Plaine (1). NEBRASKA. Arthur Co.: Arapaho Prairie (1), no data (1); Cherry Co.: Valentine (4), no data (3); Cuming Co.: West Point (1); Custer Co.: Milburn (1); Dawes Co.: Whitney (1); Dundy Co.: Haigler (6); Garfield Co.: Burwell (1); Grant Co.: Hyannis (1); Greeley Co.: Greeley (42); Hall Co.: Cairo (1); Holt Co.: Atkinson (1), no data (2); Hooker Co.: Mullen (1); Kearney Co.: Kearney (3); Keith Co.: Lake McConaughy (3), Ogallala (3); Lancaster Co.: Roca (1); Logan Co.: Logan (1), Stapleton (1), no data (1); McPherson Co.: Tryon (1); Sheridan Co.: Lakeside (3); Thomas Co.: Halsey (25), Seneca (1), Thedford (2), no data (1); Wheeler Co.: Ericson (1), no data (1); No data: “Sand Hills” (29). NEW MEXICO. Chaves Co.: Roswell (10); Lea Co.: Hobbs (1); Roosevelt Co.: Milnesand (1), Socorro Co.: “Sand Hills” (1). NORTH DAKOTA. Bottineau Co.: No data (1); McHenry Co.: No data (3); Ransom Co.: Sheldon (2); Richland Co.: Walcott Dunes (9). OKLAHOMA. Alfalfa Co.: No data (1); Payne Co.: No data (1). SOUTH DAKOTA. Bennet Co.: Martin (3); Tripp Co.: McNeely (1). TEXAS. Winkler Co.: Kermit (1). NO DATA: “Clay County” (1), no data (4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D546B20F85F54152E9B8FCA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D547B20F85C04327EA34FA97.text	F449F723D547B20F85C04327EA34FA97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria discicollis Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria discicollis Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 5k–m)</p> <p>The only member of this group resembles those in the verticalis and areata species-groups in the globular body shape and ecology, but it exhibits a unique combination of characters to warrant placement in a different group. Together with the areata and verticalis species-groups, this group exhibits a strongly reduced mesometasternal process and a rounded pronotal basal margin. It is distinguished from these two other species-groups by the following: clypeus without denticles; tibial teeth strongly developed; antennal club longer in males; pronotum with a color pattern, body without cretaceous markings; and tarsal claws as long as or longer than last tarsomere (shorter than the last tarsomere in all other species in the genus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D547B20F85C04327EA34FA97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D547B20C85D24526E931F946.text	F449F723D547B20C85D24526E931F946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria discicollis (Thomson 1878)	<div><p>Euphoria discicollis (Thomson, 1878)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 58)</p> <p>Stephanucha discicollis Thomson 1878: 28. Original combination.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Stephanucha discicollis var. atrata Thomson 1878: 28. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MNHN, examined.</p> <p>Euphoria aestuosa Horn 1880: 398. Synonym.</p> <p>Holotype at MCZ, examined.</p> <p>Description (n = 31). Length 9.2–14.1 mm; width 5.6–8.4 mm. Color: Dorsal surface shiny; head, scutellum, mesepimera, and pygidium black, rest of body yellowish brown. Pronotum with black area on disc frequently covering most of pronotal surface; 1 small black spot frequently present at each side. Elytral suture, apical umbone, scutellar area, and humeral umbone frequently black. Ventral surface shiny, black to dark brown. Melanistic forms observed. Head: Frons densely punctate, strigose, or strigopunctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, sparsely to heavily setose; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish. Clypeal surface densely punctate, strigose, or strigopunctate, punctures moderate to large, round, glabrous to densely setose; setae yellowish to whitish, short to long. Clypeus subtrapezoidal to subquadrate, lateral margins vaguely to weakly raised, apex weakly reflexed. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal stem longer in males than in females, club about as long as head in males, half or less in females. Pronotum: Surface punctation moderately dense, punctures lunulate, small to moderate in size, weakly to densely setose; setae short to moderate, yellowish. Base strongly rounded in front of scutellum. Scutellum longer than wide, impunctate or with a few small punctures. Elytra: Costae obsolete to subobsolete. Apex strongly rounded, surface glabrous to densely setose, punctures moderately dense; punctures round to lunulate, small, organized in longitudinal lines through disc. Surface glabrous to sparsely setose; setae minute to short, whitish to yellowish. Pygidium: Surface subconcentrically striate, striae discontinuous, moderately impressed, frequently polished at middle, weakly to moderately setose; setae moderate to long, yellowish. Strongly convex. Legs: Protibial teeth strongly developed, equidistant. Mesotibial carina strongly developed. Metatibiae apically expanded; internal spur frequently longer and lanceolate. Claws thin, longer than last tarsomere. Venter: Mesometasternal process strongly compressed, short, not extending anteriorly beyond the level of mesocoxae, mostly setose. Median sulcus weakly to moderately impressed. Abdomen strongly cylindrical, convex in females. Abdominal sternites weakly setose laterally, weakly setose to glabrous medially; setae moderate to long, whitish to yellowish, distributed along entire width of segments. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 58c.</p> <p>Notes. Godwin (2000) found different color forms, including reddish specimens, in Texas. Only yellowish brown and black specimens were present in the material examined.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Thomson (1878) described the species in the genus Stephanucha based on one specimen from “America boreal” deposited in the Dejean collection (for a discussion of the possible origin of this specimen, see Hardy [1980]). Horn (1880) described a melanistic female specimen from Kansas as Euphoria aestuosa. Casey (1915) treated E. aestuosa in the subgenus Haplophoria together with E. eximia and E. kernii. Blackwelder (1939), following Chapin (in litt.), placed it in the genus Euphoriaspis. Hardy (2001) placed E. discicollis in his pulchella group together with E. kernii and E. pulchella, and synonymized E. aestuosa and E. discicollis var. atrata with it.</p> <p>Natural History. Adults have been found in ant nests, rodents nests, feces, malt-baited pitfall traps, and at black lights. Adult and immature specimens have been found in fecal chambers of Geomys breviceps Baird (Hardy 1980; Godwin 2000), G. bursarius (Godwin 2000), and G. pinetus (Skelley and Gordon 2001). Godwin (2000) indicated this species also occurs outside the ranges of the listed Geomys species and is expected to be found in the nests of other gopher species. Walter et al. (1938) collected some specimens 2.5 m deep inside the debris chamber of Atta texana (Buckley) in Texas. According to Godwin (2000), one specimen in the Salsbury collection (Kansas) was collected in a nest of Dipodomys sp. (Rodentia: Heteromyidae) in Kansas. This record seems plausible to me (contra Godwin 2000). Species of Euphoria are generally opportunistic and take advantage of available resources. Adults of E. discicollis have been found breeding in ant or rodent nests, but the immature stages are yet to be described.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. January (4), March (7), April (1), May (6) (Fig. 58f).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. K no w n f r om t h e United States in Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas (Fig. 58g).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (31). Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Euphoria discicollis Thomson, 1878; holotype at MNHN labeled “ Cetonia / discicollis [illegible]/ h. in Amer. bor I Leconte// Ex Musaeo/ JAMES THOMSON// Discicollis/ (Dej.) Thoms/ Type T. C. 28// Th./ TYPE/ TYPE” and my holotype label. Euphoria atrata Thomson, 1878; headless holotype at MNHN labeled “ Cetonia / atrata/ h in Amer. bor O. Leconte// th/ TYPE// Atrata/ (Dej) Thoms. Type/ T. C. 28/ Am. b// Ex Musaeo/ Dejean// Ex Musaeo/ JAMES THOMSON// TYPE” and my holotype label. Euphoria aestuosa Horn, 1880; holotype female at MCZ labeled “KS.// E./ aestuosa/ Horn// MCZ/ Type/ 34490// TYPE No. 3707/ Euphoriae/ aestuosa/ G.H.Horn”. Other material: USA (28): ARKANSAS. Cleburne Co.: Heber Springs (2). FLORIDA. Bay Co.: Betts (2); Santa Rosa Co.: Harold (6). GEORGIA. Baker Co.: Newton (2); Dodge Co.: Gresston (2). KANSAS. Gove Co.: No data (1); Kiowa Co.: Greensburg (1); No data: “ Kansas ” (1). LOUISIANA. Grant Pa.: Dry Prong (5). OKLAHOMA. Cleveland Co.: Norman (1); Payne Co.: Stillwater (1). TEXAS. Angelina Co.: Lufkin (1); Kendall Co.: Boerne (1); Nacogdoches Co.: Nacogdoches (1). NO DATA: (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D547B20C85D24526E931F946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D544B20D861140A7EA0AFC63.text	F449F723D544B20D861140A7EA0AFC63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria verticalis Species-Group	<div><p>Euphoria verticalis Species-Group</p> <p>(Appendix 3: Plate 5n–o)</p> <p>Species in this group are distinguished by the bidentate clypeus, antennal club subequal in length in both sexes, pronotum evenly rounded laterally, protibial teeth short and perpendicular, and body devoid of cretaceous markings or tomentous cover (see notes for Euphoria bispinis (Bates)). Male genitalia are useful for species diagnosis. The areata and discicollis species-groups share a number of characters with this group, including highly compressed mesometasternal process, rounded base of the pronotum, and globose body shape.</p> <p>Composition. Two species are included in this group: E. bispinis (Bates) and E. verticalis Horn.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Species included in this group have also been included in the genus Anatropis. Anatropis was created by Casey (1915) for one female specimen of E. verticalis. Casey noted the similarities in the clypeus of E. verticalis with one female specimen of C. vestita from Utah that he included in the Nearctic genus Tropinota. Cetonia vestita was long thought to be a mislabeled specimen of the Palaearctic Tropinota hirta (Poda) (see Say 1825; Horn 1880) and was never cited in the literature again. As in all the Cetoniini genera created by Casey in the Memoirs on the Coleoptera, the generic description was limited to the characters included in the key. According to Casey’ s key, Anatropis was characterized by having a 1) “mesosternal process always densely pubescent, its anterior end diversified in form”, 2) “clypeus broadly sinuated and laterally dentate at apex”, and 3) “body subglabrous, moderately pubescent beneath, the elytra convex and very differently sculptured; pronotum with a distinct and entire lateral bead, without trace of elevated median line”. Character 1 grouped Anatropis with Stephanucha and Casey’ s Tropinota. Character 2 was unique to Anatropis and his Tropinota, and character 3 was exclusive to Anatropis. Blackwelder and Arnett (1974) listed Anatropis as a valid genus. Hardy (1988) synonymized Anatropis with Stephanucha on the basis of the mislabeled specimen of Tropinota and the similarities in the base of the pronotum with his Stephanucha. The similarities in the base of the pronotum of species in the areata and verticalis species-groups are an indication that these two groups might be closely related. Nevertheless, there are enough differences between these two groups to consider them separately (see diagnosis).</p> <p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE VERTICALIS SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Frons with a small protuberance. Clypeal teeth located on anterolateral angles (Fig. 60b). Pronotal punctures moderately dense. Elytra glabrous or with sparse setae (Fig. 60a). Venter with moderately dense, tawny setae. Metafemora glabrous at middle........................................... E. verticalis Horn (p. 105)</p> <p>1′. Frons lacking small protuberance. Clypeal teeth located near middle of clypeus (Fig. 59b). Pronotal punctures dense. Elytra setose (Fig. 59a). Venter with dense, yellowish setae. Metafemora densely setose at middle........................................... E. bispinis (Bates) (p. 104)</p> <p>CLAVE PARA LAS ESPECIES DEL GRUPO VERTICALIS</p> <p>1. Frente con una pequeña protuberancia. Dientes clipeales ubicados en los ángulos anterolaterales (Fig. 60b). Punteaduras pronotales moderadamente densas. Élitros glabros o con setas dispersas (Fig. 60a). Vientre con setas moderadamente densas de color café amarillento. Metafémures glabros en el medio........................................... E. verticalis Horn (p. 105)</p> <p>1′. Frente sin protuberancia. Dientes clipeales ubicados cerca al medio del clípeo (Fig. 59b). Punteaduras pronotales densas. Élitros setosos (Fig. 59a). Vientre setoso, setas de color amarillento. Metafémures densamente setosos en el medio...... E. bispinis (Bates) (p. 104)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D544B20D861140A7EA0AFC63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D545B20285F0447AE9BEFDCC.text	F449F723D545B20285F0447AE9BEFDCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria bispinis (Bates 1889) Bates	<div><p>Euphoria bispinis (Bates, 1889)</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 59)</p> <p>Stephanucha bispinis Bates 1889: 362 Original Combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MNHN here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 11). Length 10.8–12.8 mm; width 6.8–7.8 mm. Color: Entirely shiny black, rarely with brown areas on elytra (see Notes). Head: Frontal surface flat to slightly raised at middle; strongly strigose to strigo-punctate, strigae deeply impressed; setose; setae moderate in length, light yellowish. Clypeus strongly strigose, punctate, or strigopunctate, apex narrowed anteriorly, anterior border emarginate, with 2 short teeth. Clypeus weakly to moderately setose, setae short, light yellowish; with medial, raised, longitudinal ridge. Labium thickened anteriorly. Antennal club subequal in length in both sexes Pronotum: Surface densely punctate with sparse to dense setae; punctures lunulate, confluent towards sides; setae short to moderate, light yellowish. Sides evenly rounded from base to apex; lateral line deeply impressed, continuous from apex to base. Base in front of scutellum vaguely sinuate. Elytra: Surface moderately densely setose, densely punctate; punctures small to moderate, lunulate. Striae with 4–5 irregular rows of punctures; setae short, light yellowish. Costae subobsolete to moderately developed. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface moderately to strongly striate, striae discontinuous, subconcentric, setigerous, setae as on pronotum. Legs: Protibiae not sexually dimorphic; teeth perpendicular, subequal in size, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metatibiae apically expanded; internal spur frequently longer. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Metafemora and metatibiae moderately densely to densely to punctate, punctures small to moderate, irregular. Venter: Surface setigerous, setae long, abundant, light yellow. Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, short, not extending anteriorly beyond level of mesocoxae, mostly setose, setae light yellow. Abdominal sternites with moderately dense setigerous punctures. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 59c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Adults are separated from E. verticalis based on the frons lacking a small protuberance, clypeal teeth located near middle of clypeus, pronotal punctures dense, elytra setose, venter with dense yellowish setae, metafemora densely setose at middle, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Notes. Daniel Curoe brought to my attention a series of eight specimens collected in Durango, Mexico and deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Mexico City. Seven of the specimens are dorsally tomentous with the elytra bright orange except for the area around the scutellum; the other specimen is entirely black. Examination of the parameres, clypeus, and body shape, together with geographic distribution, suggests that these specimens correspond to E. bispinis. I have only seen photographs of the specimens, so a closer examination would be required to confirm the identification of these specimens.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria bispinis was originally described by Bates (1889) in the genus Stephanucha based upon specimens from Ventanas, Durango, Mexico. He recognized the similarities with E. verticalis but still put the species in Stephanucha and left E. verticalis in Euphoria. Casey (1915) created Anatropis, but his definition of the genus did not allow him to include E. bispinis, and he left it unplaced: “[337]… I think it [A. bispinis] can probably enter this genus [Anatropis]”. Hardy (1988) synonymized Anatropis with Stephanucha and placed A. bispinis in the latter genus. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008) placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria, thus moving E. bispinis to that genus.</p> <p>Natural History. Morón et al. (1997) recorded the species from tropical deciduous, pine, and oak forests between 200–800 m elevation.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. September (5) (Fig. 59d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Durango, Jalisco, and Michoacán, Mexico (Fig. 59e).</p> <p>Specimens Examined (11). Type material: Lectotype female at MNHN here designated labeled “Ventanas, Mx.,/ 2000 ft / Forrer// Stephanucha / bispinis/ Bates// H. W. Bates / Biol. Cent. Amer” and my lectotype label. Other material: MEXICO (10): DURANGO: Ventanas (1); JALISCO: Ajijíc (3), Guadalajara (1), San Patricio (2), Tenacatita (1); MICHOACÁN: Santa Bárbara (1); NO DATA: “ Mexico ” (1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D545B20285F0447AE9BEFDCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
F449F723D54AB203841B4213EA49FD6D.text	F449F723D54AB203841B4213EA49FD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euphoria verticalis Horn 1880	<div><p>Euphoria verticalis Horn, 1880</p> <p>(Appendix 4: Fig. 60)</p> <p>Euphoria verticalis Horn 1880: 400. Original combination.</p> <p>Lectotype at MCZ here designated. Other syntypes not found; no paralectotypes designated.</p> <p>Description (n = 222). Length 10.6–13.3 mm; width 6.5–8.4 mm. Color: Dorsal and ventral surfaces entirely shiny black or reddish brown. Head: Frons strongly strigose to densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent, glabrous to weakly setose; setae short to moderate, tawny. Frons rarely depressed, with moderately to well developed basomedial protuberance. Clypeus glabrous, strongly strigose to densely punctate, punctures small to moderate, round, deeply impressed, frequently coalescent; surface dorsally depressed in anterolateral area; apex emarginate, with 2 strongly reflexed, anterolateral, moderate sized teeth. Labium thickened anteriorly. Pronotum: Surface glabrous, moderately densely to densely punctate, punctures lunulate, sides anteriorly with short rugae. Sides evenly rounded from base to apex; lateral line deeply impressed, continuous from apex to base. Base in front of scutellum evenly rounded. Elytra: Surface glabrous, densely punctate, punctures moderate in size, lunulate. Striae with 2–3 rows of punctures. Costae subobsolete to moderately developed. Apex strongly rounded. Pygidium: Surface glabrous, moderately to strongly striate, striae weakly to moderately impressed, discontinuous, subconcentric, frequently polished at middle. Legs: Protibiae not sexually dimorphic; teeth perpendicular, subequal in size, apical and medial teeth closer to each other than to basal tooth. Metafemora and metatibiae moderately densely to sparsely punctate, punctures small to moderate, irregular; metafemora impunctate at middle. Metatibiae apically, expanded; internal spur frequently longer. Claws shorter than last tarsomere. Venter: Surface setigerous, setae moderate to long, dense, tawny. Mesometasternal process strongly compressed laterally, short, not extending anteriorly beyond level of mesocoxae, mostly setose, setae tawny. Abdominal sternites weakly setose, with sparse, small to moderate, lunulate punctures. Abdomen in lateral view flat in males, strongly convex in females. Male genitalia: Parameres as in Fig. 60c.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The adults are separated from E. bispinis based on the frons with a small protuberance, clypeal teeth located in the anterolateral angles, pronotal punctures moderately dense, elytra glabrous or with sparse setae, venter with moderately dense, tawny setae, metafemora glabrous at middle, and form of the parameres.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Euphoria verticalis was described by Horn from one male and one female from Arizona and “the adjacent portion of California ” (USA). Casey (1915) created the genus Anatropis for this species only. Hardy (1988) formally synonymized Anatropis with Stephanucha and placed E. verticalis in the latter genus. Ratcliffe and Paulsen (2008) placed Stephanucha in synonymy with Euphoria, thus moving E. verticalis to that genus.</p> <p>Natural History. Adult specimens have been collected on Ambrosia sp., Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.), Baccharis sp., Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) (Asteraceae), Eriogonum sp. (Polygonaceae), roots of Helianthus sp., in pitfall traps, and by sweeping low vegetation. Adults have been observed feeding on plant exudates and flowers of Baccharis glutinosa (Ruiz and Pavón) and on roots of H. annus and other plants (Skelley 1991). In Arizona, adults have been observed feeding on roots of Tithonia sp. (William Warner, personal communication). Euphoria verticalis has also been collected from nests of N. albigula. It is known from elevations up to 1,700 m. The immature stages remain unknown but probably develop in rodent burrows or ant nests.</p> <p>Temporal Distribution. February (3), March (4), April (10), May (9), June (1), July (6), August (63), September (108), October (21) (Fig. 60d).</p> <p>Geographic Distribution. Known from Sonora, Mexico and Arizona and New Mexico, USA (Fig. 60e). Horn’ s (1880) record is the only one known from California, USA and is considered suspect.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (222). Type material: Lectotype at MCZ here designated labeled “E./ verticalis/ Horn// Ariz// TYPE No. 3710/ Euphoria / verticalis/ G. H. Horn// MCZ TYPE/ 7900// LECTOTYPE / Euphoria / verticalis Horn / 1880/ By A.R. Hardy/ 1977”. The label data from this specimen indicates Hardy already designated it as the lectotype for the species. Nevertheless, this was never published and therefore is considered an invalid designation. Other material: MEXICO (3): SONORA: Nogales (3). USA (218): ARIZONA. Cochise Co.: Apache (7), Benson (23), Bisbee (1), Dragoon Mountains (4), Douglas (8), Fairbanks (1), McNeal (1), Miller Canyon (1), Patagonia Mountains (11), Portal (18), Sycamore Canyon (1), Tombstone (2), Whetstone Mountains (2), no data (1); Gila Co.: Gisela (1), Globe (13), Pinal Mountains (1); Graham Co.: San Carlos Lake (1); Maricopa Co.: Sunflower (1), Tortilla Flat (1); Pima Co.: Arivaca (6), Baboquivari Mountains (1), Benson (1), Coyote Mountains (1), Kitt Peak (1), Madera Canyon (6), Sabino Canyon (4), Santa Catalina Mountains (11), Santa Rita Mountains (22), Rincon Mountains (2), Tortolita Mountains (1), Tucson (17), no data (1); Pinal Co.: Florence (1), Oracle (1); Santa Cruz Co.: Atascosa Mountains (4), Duquesne (1), Patagonia (7), Santa Rita Mountains (25), Ruby (1), no data (2); Yavapai Co.: Sedona (1). NEW MEXICO. Hidalgo Co.: Road Forks (2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F449F723D54AB203841B4213EA49FD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Orozco, Jesús	Orozco, Jesús (2012): Monographic Revision of the American Genus Euphoria Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 11) 66: 1-182, DOI: 10.1649/0010-066X-66.mo4.1
