taxonID	type	description	language	source
039187E72C7991648CA2AF46FBE6FDBC.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Neotype FMNH 24029, adult female collected by J. Vera in 1923; skull partially damaged, mandible, and skin (see LaVal 1973). Type locality. Cucao, Chiloé Island, Los Lagos, Chile.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7991648CA2AF46FBE6FDBC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Occurs in Southern Chile, eastward into western Argentina and southward to Tierra del Fuego, occupying the Hyper-oceanic Temperate and Patagonian bioclimatic zones, in Deciduous Forest, Evergreen Forest, Valdivian Rainforest, and Magellanic Moorland (Ossa & Rodríguez-San Pedro 2015; Novaes 2019). Records are from sea level to ca. 1,400 m a. s. l.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7991648CA2AF46FBE6FDBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium to large size (FA 36.3 – 40.0 mm; GLS 13.8 – 15.3 mm); dorsal fur long (6.5 – 8.5 mm), woolly, unicolored or subtly bicolored, with medium-brown bases (near Mummy Brown) and tips generally Brussels Brown or Cinnamon Brown; ventral fur bicolored, with Mummy Brown bases and Dresden Brown tips; dorsal surface of the uropatagium naked; fringe of hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium absent; plagiopatagium connected to the feet by a broad band of membrane. Sagittal crest usually absent; broader skull; braincase high in profile and elongated in dorsal view; braincase roof formed by the parietal bone is straight; forehead subtly sloping in lateral view; broad and short rostrum; posterior region of the braincase rounded and quite projected beyond the limit of the occipital condyles; mastoid processes narrow.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7991648CA2AF46FBE6FDBC.taxon	description	Description and comparisons. Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, PM 3 / 3, M 3 / 3 (2 x) = 38, and the teeth are robust and well developed. The second upper premolar (P 3) is approximately the same size as the first upper premolar (P 2), aligned in the toothrow, and visible labially. Skull medium to large with braincase elongated in dorsal view; parietals slope subtly forward to frontal bone; braincase roof is straight; mastoid processes narrow and poorly developed; rostrum long and broad; the sagittal crest is usually absent and lambdoidal crests are present and low; and the occipital region is rounded and projected beyond the posterior surfaces of the occipital condyles. Ears comparatively short in size, not reaching the nostrils when extended forward. Membranes and ears are Mummy Brown. Plagiopatagium is connected to the feet at the level of the toes by a broad band of membrane; a fringe of scattered hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium is absent. Dorsal surface of the uropatagium virtually naked. Woolly and medium to long fur; dorsal hairs generally Brussels Brown or Cinnamon Brown, with the basal half subtly darker. Ventral fur bicolored, with Mummy Brown bases (1 / 2 of total hair length) and Dresden Brown tips (1 / 2 of total hair length). Considering either the assemblage of Myotis that occurs along mountainous habitats or in the lowland portion of the western side of the Andes (M. albescens, M. atacamensis, M. arescens, M. bakeri, M. keaysi, and M. oxyotus), M. chiloensis can be distinguished from all by the set of diagnostic traits. It is morphologically closer to M. arescens, from which it can be distinguished by its darker ventral fur (near Dresden Brown in chiloensis and near Pale Olive Buff on the tips in arescens), comparatively shorter ears (in arescens the ears reach the nostrils when extended forward), fringe of hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium absent (present in arescens), and broader rostrum (BAC ≥ 3.6 in chiloensis, BAC ≤ 3.6 in arescens). Furthermore, M. chiloensis is larger than M. arescens in general, with only the smallest individuals reaching sizes similar to those in the largest arescens individuals (Table 3). Myotis chiloensis can be distinguished from M. atacamensis and M. bakeri by its general smaller size (e. g., FA> 36 in chiloensis, FA <35 in atacamensis and bakeri); woolly fur with dorsal hair cinnamon-brown weakly contrasting between bases and tips, and venter brownish; in M. atacamensis and M. bakeri the fur is silky, dorsal hairs with strong contrast between bases (blackish) and tips (yellowish), and venter whitish. From M. albescens, it can be distinguished by the darker ventral fur color being entirely brownish with little contrast between base and tip in M. chiloensis; while M. albescens have the throat yellowish, grading to whitish towards the abdomen and sides of the body, with hairs strongly bicolored (blackish base and whitish tips). In addition, M. albescens has a more globular braincase (see Moratelli & Oliveira 2011); whereas in M. chiloensis the braincase is elongated. Myotis chiloensis can be distinguished from M. oxyotus by its shorter and woolly fur, with dorsal hairs cinnamonbrown with bases slightly darker, and ventral fur weakly bicolored, Dresden Brown in color; whereas in M. oxyotus the fur is silky and very long (LDF> 8 mm), bicolored, with blackish bases and generally Mummy Brown or Brownish Olive tips, and ventral fur strongly bicolored with blackish bases and tips ranging from Pale Pinkish-Buff to Deep Olive-Buff. In M. chiloensis the parietals slope subtly to the frontal bones and the braincase is elongated in dorsal view; whereas in M. oxyotus the parietals slope steeply to the frontal bones and the braincase is inflated in dorsal view. Myotis chiloensis can be distinguished from M. keaysi by its fur color, with dorsal hairs cinnamonbrown unicolored or with bases slightly darker, and ventral fur weakly bicolored, Dresden Brown in color; whereas in M. keaysi the dorsal fur is reddish-brown (from Cinnamon Brown to Ochraceous Tawny) with the base being remarkably darker, and ventral fur with Clove Brown bases and tips ranging from Ivory Yellow to Light Drab. In relation to skull morphology, it differs from M. keaysi by sagittal crest absent, mastoid process narrower and poorly developed, and parietals sloping subtly to frontal bones; in M. keaysi a sagittal crest is always present, mastoid process larger and well-developed, and parietals slope steeply to frontal bones.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7891678CA2AC82FCAAFC14.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Neotype USNM 391786, adult female collected by W. Mann and S. Mann in January 1944; skull partially damaged, mandible, and skin (see Novaes et al. 2022 b). Type locality. Near Minimini, Tarapacá, Chile.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7891678CA2AC82FCAAFC14.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Occurs from Arequipa, in western Peru, to northern Chile, being associated with Desertic and Xeric Tropical formations in elevations from 990 to 3,475 m, where it inhabits vegetational formations such as Absolute Desert, Desertic Shrubland, and Highland low-Shrublands.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7891678CA2AC82FCAAFC14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small size (FA 30.6 – 34.1 mm; GLS 12.6 – 13.6); dorsal fur long (7 – 9 mm), silky, and tricolored, with dark-brown bases (near Bone Brown), pale yellowish middle portions (near Pale Olive-Buff), and yellowishbrown tips (near Light Ochraceous Buff); ventral fur strongly bicolored, with Bone Brown bases and whitish-gray tips (near Pallid Brownish Drab); dorsal surface of the uropatagium covered by thin fur not extending beyond the knees; presence of a fringe of sparse hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium; plagiopatagium connected to the feet by a broad band of membrane. Sagittal crest usually absent; elongated and narrow skull; braincase remarkably inflated and high in profile; braincase roof formed by the parietal bone is straight; forehead steeply sloping in lateral view; narrow and short rostrum; posterior region of the braincase rounded and quite projected beyond the limit of the occipital condyles; mastoid processes narrow	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7891678CA2AC82FCAAFC14.taxon	description	Description and comparisons. Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, PM 3 / 3, M 3 / 3 (2 x) = 38, and the teeth are small. Skull small; forehead steeply sloping with inflated braincase; braincase roof is straight; mastoid processes narrow and poorly developed; rostrum narrow and comparatively short; the sagittal crest and lambdoidal crests are usually absent; and the occipital region is rounded and conspicuously projected beyond the posterior surfaces of the occipital condyles. The second upper premolar (P 3) is a little smaller than the first upper premolar (P 2), aligned in the toothrow and visible labially in all individuals. Ears are moderate in size, almost reaching the nostrils when extended forward. Membranes and ears are Mummy Brown or lighter. Plagiopatagium is connected to the feet at the level of the toes by a broad band of membrane; a fringe of scattered hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium is present and visible only under magnification. Dorsal surface of the uropatagium barely furred, with hairs not extending beyond to the knees. Silky and long fur; dorsal hairs tricolored, with Bone Brown bases (2 / 5 of total hair length), Pale Olive-Buff middle portions (2 / 5 of total hair length), and Light Ochraceous Buff (1 / 5 of total hair length), however, the contrast between tip and middle portion of the hair is quite subtle. Ventral fur strongly bicolored, with Bone Brown bases (2 / 3 of total hair length) and Pallid Brownish Drab tips (1 / 3 of total hair length). Myotis atacamensis differs from all South American congeners by the tricolored dorsal fur. From Chilean Myotis, M. atacamensis can be distinguished from M. arescens and M. chiloensis by its general smaller size (Table 3); silky, brighter, and longer fur, with dorsal hair tricolored and strongly contrasting between bases (dark brown) and tips (yellowish), and whitish-gray venter; in M. chiloensis, the fur is woolly and shorter, dorsal hairs with weak contrast between bases (medium-brown) and tips (cinnamon-brown) and medium-brown venter; whereas in M. arescens, the fur is woolly and shorter, dorsal hairs with clear contrast between bases (dark-brown) and tips (cinnamon-brown), and pale-yellowish venter. Myotis atacamensis is morphologically closer to M. bakeri, from which it can be distinguished by slightly lighter dorsal fur (near Light Ochraceous Buff on the tips in atacamensis and near Buckthorn Brown on the tips in bakeri); presence of a fringe of hairs along the trailing edge of uropatagium (absent in M. bakeri); and narrower skull (e. g., POB <3.5 in atacamensis, POB ≥ 3.5 in bakeri); in addition, the base of dorsal fur is dark brown in M. atacamensis and blackish in M. bakeri. From M. albescens, M. atacamensis can be distinguished by the conspicuously paler dorsal fur color (dorsal fur dark to medium-brown on the bases [4 / 5 of the total fur length] and yellowish on the tips [1 / 5] in albescens, conveying a brownish general appearance to the dorsum; in contrast with bases and tips strongly contrasting and general yellowish appearance in atacamensis). Additionally, M. albescens have the throat yellowish, grading to whitish towards the abdomen and perianal area, and a more globular braincase (see Moratelli & Oliveira 2011); whereas in M. atacamensis the entire venter, from the throat to the abdomen, is whitish-gray and the skull is narrower, and the braincase is less globular. In addition, M. atacamensis is conspicuously smaller than M. albescens in external and cranial measurements (see Moratelli & Oliveira 2011). Myotis atacamensis can be distinguished from M. oxyotus by the dorsal fur paler and with strong contrast between bases and tips, and the ventral fur whitishgray; whereas the dorsal fur is darker, and the ventral fur is yellowish in M. oxyotus. Myotis atacamensis is smaller than M. oxyotus in virtually all external and cranial measurements (e. g., GLS 12.6 – 13.6 mm in atacamensis, 14.1 – 15.0 mm in oxyotus; POB 3.0 – 3.2 mm in atacamensis, 3.3 – 3.9 mm in oxyotus; MAL 8.5 – 9.3 mm in atacamensis, 9.9 – 11.2 mm in oxyotus). Myotis atacamensis can be distinguished from M. keaysi by its general smaller size (FA 30.6 – 34.1 mm in atacamensis, 38.5 – 43.4 mm in keaysi; GLS 12.6 – 13.5 mm in atacamensis, 13.9 – 14.7 mm in keaysi), paler, longer, and silky fur (shorter, woolly, and either brownish or reddishbrown in keaysi). In relation to skull morphology, it differs from M. keaysi by sagittal crest usually absent, mastoid process narrower and poorly developed, and shorter rostrum. In addition to these characters, M. atacamensis differs from its aforementioned South American congeners, except M. albescens and M. arescens, by the presence of a fringe of scattered hair on the distal edge of the uropatagium.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7B91668CA2AA32FE8BFC30.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype FMNH 24396, adult male collected by J. A. Wolffsohn on January 1, 1925; skin only. Type locality. Hacienda Limache, Valparaíso, Chile.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7B91668CA2AA32FE8BFC30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. There are records from Central Chile, in the regions of Valparaíso, Coquimbo, Maule, and Araucanía, associated with Mediterranean vegetational formations, such as Desertic low-Shrubland, Sclerophyllous Shrublands, Sclerophyllous Forest, and Broadleaf Rainforest, from sea level to 1,020 m a. s. l.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7B91668CA2AA32FE8BFC30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized species (FA 34.5 – 37.8 mm; GLS 13.6 – 15.0 mm); dorsal fur medium to long (6.5 – 7.5 mm), woolly, and remarkably bicolored, with dark-brown bases (near Bone Brown) and tips generally Brussels Brown or Cinnamon Brown; ventral fur strongly bicolored, with Bone Brown bases and Pale Olive Buff tips; dorsal surface of the uropatagium barely furred; fringe of hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium present; plagiopatagium connected to the feet by a broad band of membrane. Sagittal crest usually absent; broader skull; braincase high in profile and elongated in dorsal view; braincase roof formed by the parietal bone is straight; forehead subtly sloping in lateral view; broader and short rostrum; posterior region of the braincase rounded and quite projected beyond the limit of the occipital condyles; mastoid processes narrow.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
039187E72C7B91668CA2AA32FE8BFC30.taxon	description	Description and comparisons. Dental formula is I 2 / 3, C 1 / 1, PM 3 / 3, M 3 / 3 (2 x) = 38, and the teeth are robust and well developed. Skull medium to large with braincase elongated in dorsal view; parietals slope subtly forward to frontal bones; braincase roof is straight; mastoid processes narrow and poorly developed; rostrum long and narrow; the sagittal crest absent and lambdoidal crests present and low; and the occipital region is rounded and projected beyond the posterior surfaces of the occipital condyles. The second upper premolar (P 3) smaller than first upper premolar (P 2), aligned in the toothrow and visible labially. Ears comparatively large and reach the nostrils when extended forward. Membranes and ears are Mummy Brown. Plagiopatagium is connected to the feet at the level of the toes by a broad band of membrane; a fringe of scattered hairs on the distal border of the uropatagium is present. Dorsal surface of the uropatagium is barely furred, with hairs reaching knee level or just beyond. Woolly and medium to long fur; dorsal pelage sharply bicolored with Bone Brown bases and tips ranging from Brussels Brown to Cinnamon Brown. Ventral fur strongly bicolored, with Bone Brown bases (1 / 2 of total hair length) and pale-yellowish tips (near Pale Olive Buff). Myotis arescens is morphologically closer to M. chiloensis, from which it can be distinguished by lighter ventral fur (near Pale Olive Buff on the tips in arescens and near Dresden Brown in chiloensis); comparatively longer ears (in chiloensis the ears not reaching the nostrils when extended forward); and narrower rostrum (BAC ≤ 3.6 in arescens, BAC ≥ 3.6 in chiloensis,). Furthermore, M. arescens is smaller than M. chiloensis in general (Table 3). Myotis arescens can be distinguished of M. atacamensis and M. bakeri by its general larger size (e. g., FA> 34.5 in arescens, FA <34.5 in atacamensis and bakeri); woolly fur with cinnamon-brown dorsal hairs, and venter paleyellowish; whereas in M. atacamensis and M. bakeri the fur is silky, dorsal hairs with strong contrast between bases (dark brown or blackish) and tips (yellowish), and venter whitish. In relation to M. albescens, M. arescens can be distinguished by the conspicuously bicolored dorsal fur, with Bone Brown bases and tips generally Brussels Brown or Cinnamon Brown; whereas in M. albescens the dorsal fur is almost entire Bone Brown with yellowish on the tips (1 / 5 of hair length). In addition, M. albescens has a more globular braincase (see Moratelli & Oliveira 2011); whereas in M. arescens the braincase is elongated. Myotis arescens can be distinguished from M. oxyotus by its shorter and woolly fur, with dorsal hairs cinnamonbrown with darker bases, and ventral fur bicolored, with pale-yellowish appearance; whereas in M. oxyotus the fur is silky and very long (LDF> 8 mm), with blackish bases and generally Mummy Brown or Brownish Olive tips, and ventral fur with blackish bases and tips ranging from Pale Pinkish-Buff to Deep Olive-Buff. In M. arescens the parietals slope subtly to frontal bones and braincase is elongated in dorsal view, whereas in M. oxyotus the parietals slope steeply to frontal bones and braincase is inflated in dorsal view. Myotis arescens can be easily distinguished from M. keaysi by its ventral fur color, pale-yellowish in arescens and Ivory Yellow or Light Drab in keaysi; it differs from M. keaysi by sagittal crest absent, mastoid process narrower and poorly developed, and parietals sloping subtly to frontal bones; in M. keaysi sagittal crest is always present, mastoid process larger and well-developed, and parietals slope steeply to frontal bones. In addition, M. arescens differs from its aforementioned South American congeners, except M. atacamensis, by the long ear, reaching or almost reaching the nostrils when extended forward.	en	Novaes, Roberto Leonan M., Pedro, Annia Rodríguez-San, Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Mónica M., Aguilera-Acuña, Omayra, Wilson, Don E., Moratelli, Ricardo (2022): Systematic review of Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from Chile based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Zootaxa 5188 (5): 430-452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5188.5.2
