identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A200C6C5D7A52C0BA6139507296112C.text	9A200C6C5D7A52C0BA6139507296112C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia alvarezii Pérez-Farr., Vovides & Iglesias, Novon 9: 410. 1999	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  
Ceratozamia alvarezii 
Perez-Farr
., Vovides &amp; Iglesias, Novon 9: 410. 1999
</p>
            <p>Figs 12B, 15A</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Cintalapa,  Rancho El Cafetal , 950 m, 4 Mar 1996, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 889 (holotype: CHIP! [acc. # 14306]; isotypes: F! [acc. # 2193633], HEM! [acc. # HEM004830], MEXU! [MEXU00827362], MO! [acc. # 04882667])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-60 cm long, 15-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2.0-5.0  × 1.5-3.0 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-30 (40), 36-125 cm long, ascending, brown at emergence with whitis gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 10-60 cm long, terete, linear, brown in mature leaves; with 11-40 thin prickles, 0.19-0.37 cm long. Rachis 25-87 cm long, terete, linear, brown to greenish brown in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 25-68 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear to lanceolate, generally longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, slightly involute, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetric at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 12-38  × 0.3-0.9 cm, 0.14-1.30 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.14-0.75 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 15-40 cm long, 3.5-5.1 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with blackish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 4-10 cm long, 1.5-2.1 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1.24-1.56  × 0.59-0.83 cm, elliptic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.50-0.81 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.14-0.30 cm long, 0.45-0.90 cm and an obtuse to acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 17-27 cm long, 7.2-12.3 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, glaucous green with reddish brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 4.0-10 cm long, 1.1-2.2 cm in diameter, erect, with scarce brownish tan trichomes; megasporophylls 20-80, 4-8 orthostichies with 5-10 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.15-2.80  × 3.90-6.30 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and thin and 0.32-0.51 cm long, 0.69-1.80 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 2.5-3.0 cm long, 2.3-2.9 cm in diameter, spherical, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia alvarezii is endemic to Mexico and only known from Cintalapa and Jiquipilas municipalities in Chiapas State, at the transition zone between pine and oak forest and oak forest; plants occur on karstic rocks between 900 and 1,450 m elevation (Fig. 14A). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet honors Miguel  Álvarez del Toro in recognition of its outstanding contributions for conservation in Chiapas and the establishment of its first reserves (  Pérez-Farrera et al. 1999). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas:  Espadaña cimarrona (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1370); palma, palmita (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 889). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> The seeds are used as food (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 889). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>(IUCN 2021). Endangered; A2ac; B1ab(I,iii)+2ab(i,iii); C1.</p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> The morphology of  Ceratozamia alvarezii is not very different from  C. mirandae . At population level, this species differs from  C. mirandae by having generally shorter leaves, smaller ovulate strobilus (up to 27 cm long and 5 to 10 sporophylls per orthostichy), and longer seeds. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Cintalapa , 1,100 m, 10 Mar 1993, A.P. Vovides 1234 (XAL); 920 m, 21 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2791-2799 (CIB); 980 m, 22 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2830 (CIB); 1,107 m, 18 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3177-3183 (CIB); 1,350 m, 18 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3186-3196 (CIB); 1,450 m, 11 Oct 1994, J. Castillo et al. 445 (CHIP); 920 m, 21 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1359-1369 (CIB), 1370 (CIB, MEXU); 980 m, 22 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1402 (CIB, MEXU); 925 m, 18 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1770 (CIB); 1,107 m, 18 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1771,1772 (CIB, MEXU), 1773 (CIB), 1774 (CIB, MEXU), 1775-1777 (CIB); 1,350 m, 18 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1784 - 1794 (CIB); 900 m, 10 Jul 1994, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 71 (CIB, CHIP, MEXU); 950 m, 5 Sep 1995, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 776 (CIB, XAL); 1,000 m, 27 Mar 2000, O. Farrera S. 2068 (CHIP). Mun. Jiquipilas, 1,200 m, 6 Jun 2002, A.  Reyes-García 5017 (MEXU); 1,380 m, 17 Feb 2000, E. Palacios E. 2469 (CHIP); 1,170 m, 7 Jul 1994, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 68 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A200C6C5D7A52C0BA6139507296112C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
5E0430B3E8B75713A3465D69A948237E.text	5E0430B3E8B75713A3465D69A948237E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia aurantiaca Pérez-Farr., Gut. Ortega, J. L. Haynes & Vovides, Taxonomy 1: 249. 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  
Ceratozamia aurantiaca 
Perez-Farr
., Gut.Ortega, J.L.Haynes &amp; Vovides, Taxonomy 1: 249. 2021
</p>
            <p>Figs 1C, 15B</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia martinezii Mart.-  Domínguez , Nic.-Mor. &amp; D.W.Stev., Nordic J. Bot. 1: 2. 2021 [2022]. Type. Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun. San Pedro Teutila, El Faro, 615 m, 28 Sep 2020, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2049 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 22845UV]; isotypes: MEXU!, NY!). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun. San Pedro Teutila,  Sierra Norte , 30 May 2021, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera &amp; P.  Díaz-Jiménez 4014 (holotype: HEM [n.v.]; isotype: XAL [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-250 cm long, 10-15 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect or sometimes decumbent. Cataphylls 3.6-6.5  × 2-3.3 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 7-30 (50), 117-240 cm long, ascending, reddish brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 45-85 cm long, terete, linear, reddish brown or greenish brown at emergence, dark green in mature leaves; with 16-47 thin prickles, 0.30-0.66 cm long. Rachis 70-160 cm long, terete, linear, dark green in mature leaves, with prickles in lower third. Leaflets 12-38 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, generally longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, abruptly acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, veins conspicuous and light-green; median leaflets 21-42.5  × 3.3-4.8 cm, 3.2-6.0 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.9-1.5 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 20-35 cm long, 3.1-4.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish with reddish trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 7.0-15 cm long, 1.5-2.1 cm in diameter, pubescent, reddish brown; microsporophylls 1.50-2.2  × 0.98-1.30 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion rounded and 0.47-0.84 cm long with horns straight and 0.16-0.38 cm long, 0.50-0.80 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 11-36 cm long, 9.4-12.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with an abundant reddish trichomes at emergence, green with brown trichomes at maturity, with an acute apex; peduncle 5.0-19.5 cm long, 1.3-2.3 cm in diameter, erect, light brown pubescent; megasporophylls 20-200, 5-11 orthostichies with 4-19 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.25-2.72  × 3.6-4.3 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns curved and 0.54-0.90 cm long, 1.05-1.77 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.4-3.0 cm long, 1.4-1.7 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia aurantiaca occurs in highlands south of  Río Santo Domingo and north of Sierra Norte in Oaxaca State, Mexico (Fig. 14B), where it occurs in the evergreen tropical forest on karstic rocks at 458-800 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet alludes to the leaf color at emergence. This is derived from Latin word aurantiacus for the orange color of emerging leaves.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> People use the leaves of  Ceratozamia aurantiaca to make flower arrangements in wreaths (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2022a). </p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> We visited three populations for  Ceratozamia aurantiaca in which we recorded between 100 to 300 adult plants. We observed seedlings, juveniles and reproductive individuals. However, one of these populations is in a risk area due to anthropogenic land-use changes and was affected by fire in 2018. In addition, it is not found within protected areas. Based upon this information,  C. aurantiaca should be considered "Endangered (EN)" in accordance with IUCN criteria. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia aurantiaca is most similar to  C. whitelockiana , however, differs from it in its oblong leaflets abruptly acuminate with a symmetric apex, its petiole with abundant (16-24) and long prickles (0.32-0.55 cm), and its rachis that has prickles in the proximal third of the leaf. In addition, the ovulate strobili have an acute apex, and the pollen strobili have obconic microsporophylls with a rounded infertile portion. The leaves are reddish brown at emergence, whereas in  C. whitelockiana they are green. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun.  Chiquihuitlán de Benito  Juárez , 861 m, 26 Nov 2004, C.A. Cruz-Espinosa &amp; G.  Juárez-García 1945 (MEXU). Mun. San Felipe Jalapa de  Díaz , 500 m, 28 Jun 2008, J.A.  Pérez de la Rosa et al. 1966 (IBUG). Mun. San Pedro Teutila, 458 m, 23 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3323-3333 (CIB); 500 m, 23 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3334-3337 (CIB); 615 m, 28 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3415-3419 (CIB); 708 m, 10 Jun 2004, G.  Juárez-García 425 (MEXU); 458 m, 23 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1946-1950 (CIB), 1951 (CIB, MEXU), 1952-1957 (CIB); 500 m, 23 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1958-1960 (CIB, MEXU), 1961 (CIB); 615 m, 28 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2050, 2052 (CIB, MEXU), 2051, 2053 (CIB); 539 m, 6 Apr 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2141, 2142, 2144 (CIB), 2143 (CIB, MEXU, NY). Mun. Santa  María Tlalixtac, 675 m, 25 Nov 2004, G.  Juárez-García &amp; C.A. Cruz-Espinosa 868 (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0430B3E8B75713A3465D69A948237E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
960BDC31034E58088BBCA73C600FFCAC.text	960BDC31034E58088BBCA73C600FFCAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia becerrae Pe ́ rez-Farr., Vovides & Schutzman, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 124. 2004	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Ceratozamia becerrae Pérez-Farr., Vovides &amp; Schutzman, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 124. 2004</p>
            <p>Fig. 15C</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Tabasco: Mun. Teapa, hill  Madrigal , Aug 2003, A.P. Vovides 1458 (holotype: XAL [XAL0148355])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 13-38 cm long, 9-15 cm in diameter, epigeous, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 2.6-5.7  × 1.3-4.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, glabrous at apex when mature, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-12 (17), 49-210 cm long, descending, light green, glaucous at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 35-111.5 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, yellowish green when mature; unarmed to armed with 3-27 thin prickles, 0.02-0.13 cm long. Rachis 30-105 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, yellowish green at mature leaves, generally unarmed. Leaflets 6-15 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong to oblanceolate, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, generally basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glaucous or glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate to acute, and asymmetrical (rarely symmetrical in apical leaflets) at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 16-30  × 4.5-8.8 cm, 5.5-11.1 cm between the leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.5 cm wide, green and yellowish. Pollen strobili solitary, 10.8-20 cm long, 2.8-4.0 cm in diameter, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, yellow-cream with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 5-10 cm long, 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter, tomentose, light brown; microsporophylls 0.9-1.37  × 0.7-0.9 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.35-0.39 cm long and linear with straight horns and 0.30-0.45 cm long, 0.70-0.80 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 15-23 cm long, 7.5-8.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, green with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 5-12 cm long, 1.6-2 cm in diameter, pendulous and erect, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 43-56, 6-8 orthostichies with 5-7 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.7-2.0  × 3.5-4.0 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.70-0.87 cm long, 0.92-1.50 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.5-2.4 cm long, 1.2-2.0 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink at emergence, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia becerrae is endemic to the mountains of Sierra Madrigal in southern Tabasco and Chiapas States, Mexico (Fig. 14C), where it occurs on karstic outcrops in evergreen tropical forest and oak forest from 100-800 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet was established in honor of Professor Marco E. Becerra for his relevant contributions in ethnology, archaeology and floristic research in Tabasco (Vovides et al. 2004).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>(IUCN 2021). Endangered; A2ac+4ac; B2ab(i,ii,iv); C1.</p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia becerrae has oblong and coriaceous leaflets and leaves that have a few thin and short prickles. This species belongs to a cryptic taxonomic group with  C. zoquorum and  C. santillanii (c.f.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017c; Vovides et al. 2020) and is morphologically similar in both vegetative and reproductive characters to  C. zoquorum . This species differs from  C. santillanii by its peduncle of ovulate strobili more than 3 cm long, but lacks morphological diagnoses with  C. zoquorum . </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas:  Mun. Amata ́n  ,   300 m, J.M. La ́zaro Z. 376 (CHIP). Tabasco:  Mun. Tacotalpa , 260 m, 12 Apr 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1999, 2000 (CIB); 260 m, 12 Apr 2014, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 108-127 (CIB); 19 Jan 2001, S. Avendaño R. 5214b (XAL). Mun. Teapa, 100 m, 29 Jan 1985, B.M. Schutzman 645, 648-650 (XAL); 204 m, 22 Feb 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1968, 1969 (CIB); 800 m, 11 Jun 1989, J.A. Alejandre Rosas 494 (CIB); 204 m, 22 Feb 2014, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 35-40 (CIB); 400 m, 16 Apr 1996, M.A. Pérez-Farrera 901 (CHIP, HEM, MEXU); 800 m, 7 Apr 1914, M.E. Becerra s/n (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/960BDC31034E58088BBCA73C600FFCAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
8D2FCB5EFA525DE3AD0DAEBDF3537D6E.text	8D2FCB5EFA525DE3AD0DAEBDF3537D6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia brevifrons Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-en natuurk Wet. 1: 41. 1847	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Ceratozamia brevifrons Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-en natuurk Wet. 1: 41. 1847</p>
            <p>Figs 3B, 12C, 14D, 15D</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz:  
Mun. Alto Lucero de 
Gutierrez
Barrios
 , Apr 2005, S. Avendan ̃o R. 5699 (neotype, designated by Vovides et al. 2012, pg. 38: XAL! [XAL0132508])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-70 cm long, 15-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect. Cataphylls 2-5  × 1.5-4 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity with an acuminate apex. Leaves 6-36, 58-173.5 cm long, descending, yellowish green at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 20-56 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 40-90 robust prickles, 0.24-50 cm long. Rachis 35-125.5 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 13-38 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion keeled, sometimes imbricate, lanceolate, abaxially curved, basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, light green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical to asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 15.5-41  × 2-4.1 cm, 0.5-3.2 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.6-1.7 cm wide, yellow. Pollen strobili 18-31 cm long, 4-7 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 4-10.3 cm long, 1.7-2.2 cm in diameter, reddish brown to light-brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1.55-2.3  × 0.80-1.5 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.50-0.70 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.24-0.40 cm long, 0.50-1.02 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 25-33 cm long, 9.8-12.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity and with an acuminate and apiculate apex; peduncle 6-14 cm long, 2.0-2.4 cm in diameter, pendulous and erect, brown to reddish brown pubescent; megasporophylls 80-224, 8-16 orthostichies with 10-15 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.5-2.8  × 2.5-3.2 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and robust and 0.75-0.95 cm long, 1.15-1.70 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.0-3.0 cm long, 1.3-2.0 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia brevifrons is known only from Sierra de Chiconquiaco in Veracruz State, Mexico (Fig. 14D) where it occurs in the transition zone between cloud forest and oak forest at 450 to 1,370 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet is derived from its relatively short leaves.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: Palma (J. Rees 1636); palmilla (A.P. Vovides et al. 682).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> The area of distribution of  Ceratozamia brevifrons is small and populations are close.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. (2021) using ecological niche model estimated approximately 817 km2 of potential distribution with 558 km2 of transformed habitat. In addition, this species is not in a protected area. All data suggest that  C. brevifrons could be assigned as "Endangered (EN)". </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia brevifrons is easily distinguished from its congeners by having adaxially keeled and coriaceous leaflets, petioles armed with abundant short and robust prickles and greenish yellow ovulate strobili with brown to blackish brown trichomes at maturity. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz:  
Mun. Alto Lucero de 
Gutierrez
Barrios
 , 24 Aug 1976  , A.P. Vovides 119 (XAL); 8 Jan 2009, D. Jimeno-Sevilla 694 (XAL); 1,052 m, 12 Jan 2013, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1711 - 1731 (CIB); 1,052 m, 22 Aug 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2027 - 2046 (CIB); 1,250 m, 6 Apr 1981, G. Castillo-Campos 1297 (XAL); 700 m, 3 Dec 1974, J. Rees 1636 (MO, XAL), 1641, 1642, 850 m, 21 Sep 1976, 1675 (XAL); 1,052 m, 21 Jun 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 130 - 133 (CIB); 842 m, 6 Feb 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 216 -226 (CIB); 1,052 m, 22 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 298 - 309 (CIB); 450 m, 14 Jul 1995, M.  Vázquez-Torres 4790 (CIB); 24 Jun 2010, M.  Vázquez-Torres et al. 9186 (CIB); 850 m, 10 Jan 2001,   T.W. Walters 2001-02-A, B (XAL).  Mun. Chiconquiaco , 1,268 m, 10 April. 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2237 - 2241 (CIB); 1,340 m, 2 May 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3138-3147 (CIB); 1,268 m, 10 Apr 2015, L.  Martínez-Domíguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 556 - 560 (CIB); 1,340 m, 2 May 2019,   L.  Martínez-Domíguez et al. 1729-1738 (CIB). Mun. Colipa, Marts 1841 (MO).  Mun. Juchique de Ferrer , 850 m, 30 Aug 1981, A.P Vovides 682 (XAL); 1,250 m, 6 May 1981, G. Castillo-Campos 1710, 1763, 1768 (XAL); 1,300 m, 7 May 1981, G. Castillo-Campos 1815, 1824, 1981 (XAL); 1,370 m, 24 Jul 2008,   M. Vazquez-Torres 8633 (CIB).  Mun. Vega de Alatorre , 650 m, 21 Jul 1981, B.  Guerrero &amp; J.I. Calzada 1826 (XAL) ; 550 m, 21 Jul 1981, G. Castillo-Campos 2033 (XAL). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D2FCB5EFA525DE3AD0DAEBDF3537D6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
3884E28F65AC57199CD99EF5F189E17E.text	3884E28F65AC57199CD99EF5F189E17E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 5: 7, t. 1. 1846.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ceratozamia Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 5: 7, t. 1. 1846.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Stem 10-250 cm long, 8-40 cm in diameter, epigeous or semi-hypogeous, erect or decumbent. Cataphylls persistent, triangular to narrowly triangular, reddish brown, tomentose to densely tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves stipulate, ascending to descending, light green or reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray or brown trichomes, generally glabrous at maturity; stipulate 2-6 cm long, linear, tomentose at maturity. Petiole straight or twisted, sometimes brown in mature leaves, without prickles or heavily to lightly armed with prickles; prickles can be bifurcate. Rachis straight or twisted, without prickles or armed with prickles up to half the length of the leaves. Leaflets articulate, sessile, membranaceous to coriaceous, linear to obovate, opposite to subopposite or clustered, not imbricate, generally acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, margins entire; articulations green to brown. Pollen strobili 1-2, with sterile tip, erect, cylindrical, green to cream with blackish to reddish brown trichomes at maturity; pollen sporangiophores deltoid to cuneate, basally stalked, distal face bicornate, fertile abaxial surface with 24-280 sporangia in clusters of (2)3(4-5), dehiscent by longitudinal slit; peduncle pubescent to tomentose. Ovulate strobili usually solitary, globose to cylindrical; green with pale pink to blackish trichomes at maturity, acute to apiculate apex; ovulate sporangiophores peltate with a narrow basal stalk and transversely hexagonal tips, bicornate at distal end; peduncle pubescent to tomentose, erect to pendulous. Seeds (ovules) 2 per megasporophyll projecting inward toward the strobilus axis, spherical, sarcotesta pink to yellowish when immature, light brown at maturity, sclerotesta smooth with several furrows longitudinal from micropylar end.</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitats.</p>
            <p> The 36 species of  Ceratozamia are only found from Mexico to Central America, usually in montane habitats on limestone soils at elevations from 19 to 2,000 m. Most of the species are narrowly endemic, and all are on CITES Appendix I. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3884E28F65AC57199CD99EF5F189E17E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
2626037019595B50B5DFF05114953E32.text	2626037019595B50B5DFF05114953E32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia chamberlainii Mart. - Domínguez, Nic. - Mor. & D. W. Stev., Phytotaxa 317 (1): 22. 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  
Ceratozamia chamberlainii Mart.- 
Dominguez
, Nic.-Mor. &amp; D.W.Stev., Phytotaxa 317(1): 22. 2017
</p>
            <p>Figs 3C, 15E</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. San Luis  Potosí : Mun. Xilitla, 1,044 m, 20 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 933 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 17766UV]; isotypes: MEXU! [MEXU1492226, MEXU1492227, MEXU14922278], NY!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-60 cm long, 15-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2.5-5.5  × 1.5-3.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, narrowly triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves (5)10-40, 100-207 cm long, descending, reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-69 cm long, terete, linear, blackish brown in mature leaves; with 9-30 robust prickles, 0.03-0.30 cm long. Rachis 65-144 cm long, terete, linear, reddish brown in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 20-42 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, dark green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetric at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and reddish brown veins; median leaflets 20-37  × 2.3-4 cm, 1.6-3.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.3 cm wide, generally reddish brown. Pollen strobili 20-31 cm long, 4.5-6 cm in diameter, generally solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, greenish brown at emergence with reddish trichomes becoming greenish with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 5.2-8.1 cm long, 1.6-2.3 cm in diameter, reddish brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1.6-2.3  × 0.9-1.5 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.44-0.55 cm long and linear with curved horns 0.25-0.40 cm long, 0.40-0.80 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 25.5-30 cm long, 7.5-10.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, erect, greyish green with reddish brown trichomes at emergence and becoming light grayish brown with reddish brown trichomes at maturity with an acuminate apex; peduncle 4.5-11.5 cm long, 1.3-2.5 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown to reddish brown; megasporophylls 49-180, 7-12 orthostichies with 7-15 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-3.0  × 2.3-4.0 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.40-0.80 cm long, 2.0-2.70 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.2-3.5 (4) cm long, 0.6-1.7 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red to pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia chamberlainii is distributed in the northern montane region of Carso Huasteco in San Luis Potosí, Querétaro and Hidalgo States, Mexico (Fig. 16A), where it occurs in cloud forest and pine-oak forest on rocky outcrops between 900-1,200 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is in honor of Charles Joseph Chamberlain in recognition of his remarkable contributions to knowledge of the biology of the cycads and his fieldwork on Mexican Cycads (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017a). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. San Luis  Potosí : Chamal (A.P. Vovides 1288), chamalillo (H. Puig 3979); Hidalgo: teocintle (A. Vite-Reyes et al. 23). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> According to the IUCN criteria, the data suggest "Endangered (EN)".  Ceratozamia chamberlainii is included in Biosphere Reserve Sierra Gorda and have 9 populations recorded by us with several adult plants, juveniles and seedlings. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia chamberlainii is close geographically and morphologically to  C. fuscoviridis and  C. latifolia ; however, it differs by its petioles and rachis bearing abundant and short prickles, and its oblong and coriaceous leaflets with conspicuous, reddish brown veins. In addition, the leaves are reddish brown at emergence and at maturity have this color in the leaflet articulations and at the base of leaflets in contrast to the yellowish to greenish articulations in  C. fuscoviridis and  C. latifolia . </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Hidalgo:  
Mun. 
Chapulhuacan , 1,500 m, 21 Feb 1998,  Alcántara-Ayala 3650 (FCME); 8 Jan 2009, A. Vite-Reyes et al. 23 (XAL); 1,157 m, 30 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2200 - 2203 (CIB); 20 Sep 1964, L.  González-Quintero 4634 (ENCB);   1,157 m, 30 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 429 - 454 (CIB).  
Mun. La 
Mision , 1,120 a 1,400 m, 5 Oct 2007, A. Castro-Castro et al. 1017 (IBUG, XAL);   7 Jan 2009, A. Vite-Reyes et al. 20 (XAL).  Querétaro :  Mun. Landa de Matamoros , 1,050 m, 28 May 1999, A.P. Vovides 1288, 1289, 1290, 2000 (XAL), 1291 (XAL, MEXU); 2 Apr 1991, E. Carranza 6333 (IEB); 940 m, 2 Apr 1991, 3119 (MEXU); 1,335 m, 30 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2192 - 2197 (CIB); 1,145 m, 30 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2198, 2199 (CIB); 1,335 m, 30 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 379 (CIB, MEXU), 380- 407 (CIB); 1,145 m, 30 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 408-428 (CIB);   1,070 m, 9 May 1989, R. Hiram 647 (XAL). San Luis  Potosí :  
Mun. 
Aquismon , 600 m, 10 Feb 1969, H. Puig 3979 (ENCB, P); 27 May 1979, J.A. Alcorn 3093 (MEXU);   1,125 m, 9 Jun 2015, T. Diego-Vargas &amp; M. Bonta 35 (XAL).  Mun. Tamazunchale ,  Jul 1952, A. Wilson 273, 274 (US) ;   Jul 1937, C.L. Lundell &amp; A.A.  Lundell 7235 (CIB, IEB)  ;   600-900 m, 29 Jun 1959, J. Rzedowski 11087 (ENCB).  Mun. Xilitla , 1,044 m, 20 Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2407 - 2420 (CIB); 1,044 m, 20 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 924 - 932, 934 - 937 (CIB), 938 (CIB, MEXU), 939 (CIB); 1,948 m, 12 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters, TW-2001-04-A,B (XAL), TW-.2001-04-C (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2626037019595B50B5DFF05114953E32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
F5DCCDFED99051DAB219ACF618415FE8.text	F5DCCDFED99051DAB219ACF618415FE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia chimalapensis Pérez-Farr. & Vovides, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157: 169. 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  
Ceratozamia chimalapensis 
Perez-Farr
. &amp; Vovides, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157: 169. 2008
</p>
            <p>Fig. 15F</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca:  Chimalapa , 21 Jan 2002, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 2622 ♀ (holotype: HEM [n.v.]; isotypes: XAL [XAL0146074], MEXU [n.v.], MO [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-60 cm long, 15-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4-7.5  × 2.5-4.3 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, scarce brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 7-24, 66-250 cm long, ascending, brown at emergence, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 40-70 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 20-30 thin prickles, 0.05-0.30 cm long. Rachis 60-150 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 36-70 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, light green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 27-46  × 1.2-1.8 cm, 0.8-1.3 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-0.9 cm wide, brown to yellowish brown. Pollen strobili 25-40 cm long, 3-5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence with few brown trichomes, greenish to cream at maturity; peduncle 5-11 cm long, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, reddish brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1.3-2  × 0.6-1 cm, elliptic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate to slightly lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.7-1.1 cm long and linear with curved horns 0.30-0.43 cm long, 0.8-1.1 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 35-40 cm long, 7.3-10.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, green with blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 7-11 cm long, 1.7-2 cm in diameter, erect, brown to reddish brown pubescent; megasporophylls 99-192, 11-12 orthostichies with 9-16 sporophylls per orthostichy, 4-5.9  × 1.8-2.5 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and thin and 0.78-0.98 cm long, 0.98-2.0 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.0-3.0 cm long, 1.4-1.9 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia chimalapensis is endemic to Oaxaca State (Mexico) in the Sierra Atravesada mountain range at 290-1,000 m (Fig. 16B) in oak forest on clay soils. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is in honor of the Chimalapa region renowned for its biological richness, particularly its floristic diversity.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Oaxaca: Mazacopa (Vovides et al. 2008).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The sarcotesta of seeds is used as food; the ground seed is used as a rodenticide and with honey added, used as an insecticide (Vovides et al. 2008).</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia chimalapensis is only known from a narrow area with several individuals. Data are insufficient to propose a conservation status at this time. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia chimalapensis is similar to  C. mirandae and  C. alvarezii in leaf morphology; however, there are differences in reproductive structures; the ovulate strobilus of  C. chimalapensis is longer than in these species. The ovulate strobili have between 11-12 orthostichies with 9-16 sporophylls per orthostichy, and more than 90 seeds per strobilus. The seeds are ovate, whereas in the other two species, they are spherical. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun. Santa  María Chimalapa, 290 m, 11 Jun 1995, R.  García S. 319 (SERO, XAL). Mun. Santiago Niltepec, 1000 m, 3 Apr 1946, E.  Hernández Xolocotzi &amp; A.J. Sharp 1277 (MEXU)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5DCCDFED99051DAB219ACF618415FE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
3E10BF94F81559809A078DF5A3A280B1.text	3E10BF94F81559809A078DF5A3A280B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia decumbens Vovides, Avendan ̃ o, Pe ́ rez-Farr. & Gonz. - Astorga, Novon 18 (1): 110. 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Ceratozamia decumbens Vovides, Avendaño, Pérez-Farr. &amp; Gonz.-Astorga, Novon 18 (1): 110. 2008</p>
            <p>Fig. 15G</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Naranjal,  
Near Cueva de Los 
Munecos , 700 m, 8 Apr 2005, S.  Avendaño &amp; G. Alducin 5706 (holotype: XAL! [XAL0005416, XAL0005418]; isotypes: HEM [n.v.], MO!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-40 cm long, 10-25 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 1.5-3  × 2-4.2 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, densely tomentose at emergence, reddish brown and partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-7, 80-190 cm long, descending, reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 40-100 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves; with 2-22 (28) thin prickles, 0.02-0.23 cm long. Rachis 40-123 cm long, terete, linear, brown and green in mature leaves, with prickles and occasionally unarmed. Leaflets 8-24 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green, adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical to asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 23-47.5  × 2.8-5 cm, 2.6-6.5 cm between leaflets; with articulations 0.7-1.2 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 20-23 cm long, 3.8-4.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 8-10.8 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 1-1.9  × 1-1.4 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.59-0.65 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.27-0.33 cm long, 0.67-0.80 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 9-11 cm long, 7-8 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, wine at emergence, wine with blackish brown trichomes at maturity, with an acute apex; peduncle 3-4 cm long, 1-1.2 cm in diameter, erect, brown pubescent; megasporophylls 18-49, 6-7 orthostichies with 3-7 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.3-2.5  × 2-3 cm, with truncate distal face, horns straight and thin and 0.45-0.58 cm long, 0.99-1.48 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.2-2 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia decumbens is endemic to a small central mountain range in Veracruz State, Mexico (Fig. 16C) growing on karstic rocks in mountain tropical forest and cloud forest at 450-1,100 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet alludes to the decumbent nature of trunks in older mature plants.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia decumbens has not been listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (https://www.iucnredlist.org/). Its distribution area has been severely affected by anthropogenic land-use changes (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2021). However, known populations have between 100 to 150 adult plants with juvenile and seedlings. All data suggest that the conservation status should be "Endangered (EN)". </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia decumbens is distinguished from its most similar species (  C. mexicana and  C. morettii ) by the ovulate strobili which are are wine red with blackish brown trichomes at maturity and an acute apex, whereas in  C. mexicana they are green with blackish brown and gray trichomes with an acuminate apex, and  C. morettii are green with with blackish brown trichomes with an apiculate apex. In terms of vegetative morphology, it differs from these species by its reddish brown leaves with whitish gray trichomes at emergence. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Atoyac, 900 m, 28 Jan 1986, R. Acevedo R. 728 (XAL). Mun. Coetzala, 650 m, 30 Nov 2001, A.  Rincón G. 2798 (MEXU, XAL); 870 m, 15 Jul 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 655 - 683 (CIB). Mun.  Córdoba , 1,100 m, 10 Jun 1985, A.  Espíritu &amp; J.L.  Martínez 94 (XAL). Mun.  Ixtaczoquitlán , 1,090 m, 25 May 1985, A.  Pérez P. 282 (XAL). Mun. Naranjal, 11 Sep 1982, A.P. Vovides 751 (XAL); 10 Oct 1993, Brigada T. Walters s/n (XAL); 11 Sep 1982, J. Rees 1690 (XAL); 10 Oct 1993, T.W. Walters 41277, 41308, 41397 (XAL). Mun. Tequila, 445 m, 28 Oct 2007, J.E. Rivera Hdez. &amp; A. Vergara V. 4195 (MEXU, XAL); 959 m, 15 Jul 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2259, 2260 (CIB); 959 m, 15 Jul 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 684 - 703 (CIB). Mun. Tezonapa, 1 Dec 1995, M.A.  García B. 980 (XAL); 475 m, 24 Jun 1986, R. Robles G. 882 (XAL). Mun. Zongolica, 11 Mar 2011, L. Hermann  Bojórquez G. et al. 2337 (CIB)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E10BF94F81559809A078DF5A3A280B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
DAFB9C6F463C540F9EF531F67394F01C.text	DAFB9C6F463C540F9EF531F67394F01C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia delucana Vazq. Torres, A. Moretti & Carv. - Hern., Delpinoa 50 - 51: 129. 2013 (" 2008 - 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  
Ceratozamia delucana 
Vazq
.Torres, A.Moretti &amp; Carv.-Hern., Delpinoa 50-51: 129. 2013 (
"2008-2009"
)
</p>
            <p>Figs 2A, B, 10A, B, 15H</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Atzalan, road Atzalan- Tlapacoyan, 3 km NE from  Atzalan , 20 Jan 2012, M. Va ́zquez-Torres &amp; C. Carvajal-Herna ́ndez 10200 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 13915UV]; isotypes: XAL [n.v.], XALU!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-90 cm long, 25-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-5.5  × 2.5-4.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, narrowly triangular, reddish brown, densely tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 10-100, 106-223 cm long, ascending, yellowish green at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-87 cm long, terete, linear, light green at mature leaves; with 35-76 thin prickles, 0.21-0.76 cm long. Rachis 60-150 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 20-43 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate and oblong, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, basally falcate to non-basally falcate, papyraceous to coriaceous, flat, green, adaxial side glaucous and glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical to asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 22-45  × 2.3-4.6 cm, 1.5-5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.6-1.6 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 24-32 cm long, 5.5-7.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 3.5-12.5 cm long, 1.3-2 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to light-brown; microsporophylls 1.5-2.5  × 1.3-2 cm, discoid and obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.30-0.45 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.15-0.25 cm long, 0.40-0.60 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 17-40 cm long, 10-13.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical and globose, erect, dark green with blackish trichomes at emergence, green, generally glabrous at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 5.2-15 cm long, 1.8-2.2 cm in diameter, erect and pendulous, tomentose, brown to reddish brown; megasporophylls 48-266, 7-14 orthostichies with 6-19 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.2-4.2  × 3.4-4.5 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.45-0.72 cm long, 1.05-1.67 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.0-3 cm long, 1.35-2.1 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia delucana occurs in Veracruz and Puebla States, Mexico (Fig. 16D) and grows on karstic rocks in evergreen tropical forest at 500-1,650 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet is in honor of Dr. Paolo De Luca, Professor at University of Naples Federico II and a researcher into the biology of Mexican cycads (  Vázquez-Torres et al. 2013). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> During the last 6 years, we have monitored the 6 populations for  Ceratozamia delucana , in which no loss of individuals and regeneration has been observed. These populations are periodically producing ovulate and pollen strobili. The main problem is the loss of habitat in the central area of Veracruz, where there are no protected natural areas (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2021). These data suggest the category "Endangered (EN)" under (B1ab(iii)) criteria. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia delucana is highly variable and in vegetative morphology similar to  C. morettii . However, there are clear differences in their ovulate strobili. In  C. delucana , ovulate strobili are green and generally without trichomes at maturity and have an acute apex, whereas in  C. morettii they are green with blackish trichomes at maturity and have an apiculate apex. Additionally,  C. delucana is a larger plant than  C. morettii , with  C. delucana having leaves up to 223 cm long with up to 43 pairs of leaflets and ovulate strobili 17-40 cm long. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Puebla:  Mun. Hueytamalco , 520 m, 25 Feb 2008,   G. Ibarra  Manríquez et al. 5485 (MEXU, MO).  
Mun. 
Xochitlan
de Vicente 
Suarez , 1,644 m, 9 Jun 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2244, 2245 (CIB); 850 m, 25 Apr 1991, G. Villalobos &amp; E.  Guerrero C. 325 (MEXU); 1,644 m, 9 Jun 2015 , L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 587 - 616 (CIB).   Veracruz:  Mun. Atzalan , 1,400 m, 20 Feb 2013, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1740-1742 (CIB); 1,400 m, 16 Aug 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2125 - 2144 (CIB); 1,400 m, 13 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2168 (CIB); 1,400 m, 27 Oct 2008, L. Lagunes-Galindo et al. 153 (CIB); 1396 m, 28 Oct 2008, L. Lagunes-Galindo et al. 155 (CIB); 1,400 m, 16 Aug 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 163 (CIB); 863 m, 13 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 228 - 238 (CIB); 1,400 m, 13 Mar 2015,   L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 239 - 248 (CIB).  Mun. Las Minas , 2 Jun 1979  , A.P. Vovides 427 (XAL); 1,500 m, 22 Sep 1988, C.  Durán et al. 658 (XAL), 660 (MEXU, XAL); 1,500 m, 22 Sep 1988, C.  Durán E. 659 (MEXU, XAL); 1,586 m, 20 Feb 2013, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1735 - 1739 (CIB); 1,621 m, 16 Aug 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2107 - 2124 (CIB); 1,621 m, 16 Aug 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 162 (CIB); 1,621 m, 18 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 249-260 (CIB); 1 Mar 2005,   1,430 m, L.H.  Bojórquez-Galván 1349 (CIB)  ; 1,420 m, 16 Mar 2005, L.H.  Bojórquez-Galván 1374 (CIB); 1,470 m, 28 Apr 2009,   M.  Vázquez-Torres et al. 8972 (CIB).  Mun. Tlapacoyan , 900 m, 10 Jun 1970, Nevling &amp; A.  Gómez-Pompa 1083 (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DAFB9C6F463C540F9EF531F67394F01C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
BA3DBA66D6785AABBC578BC7DE0749FD.text	BA3DBA66D6785AABBC578BC7DE0749FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia euryphyllidia Vázq. Torres, Sabato & D. W. Stev., Brittonia 38 (1): 17. 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  
Ceratozamia euryphyllidia 
Vazq
.Torres, Sabato &amp; D.W.Stev., Brittonia 38(1): 17. 1986
</p>
            <p>Fig. 15I</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun.  Minatitlán , 21 Jun 1984, M.  Vázquez-Torres 2842 ♀ (holotype: NY! [acc. # 1157-1166]; isotypes: CHAPA [n.v.], NY! [♂ acc. # 00001167- 00001173], XALU [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 25-50 cm long, 8-15.3 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4.5-7  × 4.2-7.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acute. Leaves 2-22, 95-337.5 cm long, ascending, light green, glaucous at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 40-193 cm long, terete, linear, green to yellowish (pink in new leaves); with 8-35 thin prickles, 0.13-0.50 cm long. Rachis 53-218.5 cm long, terete, linear, green to yellowish in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 6-17 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, broadly obovate, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, membranaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with sinuate margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with prominent and light-green veins; median leaflets 19.9-35.7  × 8.5-17.6 cm, 9-22 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.9-1.4 cm wide, yellow and green. Pollen strobili 27-35 cm long, 3-4.3 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with reddish trichomes at emergence, greenish with black trichomes at maturity; peduncle 6-12 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.0-1.5  × 0.5-1.3 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.37-0.45 cm long and orbicular and rounded with straight horns 0.35-0.50 cm long, 0.60-0.72 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 15-20 cm long, 5-6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green to green with abundant, deep red trichomes at emergence, greenish brown with abundant, dark reddish brown trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 5-11.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 35-64, 1.5-3  × 1.2-1.8 cm, 7-8 orthostichies with 5-8 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-4.0  × 2.8-3.4 cm wide, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.60-0.80 cm long, 0.99-1.40 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.3-2.5 cm long, 1.5-1.7 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habit.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia euryphyllidia is endemic to the forest of Uxpanapa-Chimalapas in Oaxaca and Veracruz States, Mexico (Fig. 17A) where it inhabits evergreen tropical rain forest on clay soils at the top and sides of hills between 100 and 630 m elevation. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet represents the very wide, diagnostic leaflets of this species. It comes from the Greek euryphyllos, which means, "wide leaflet".</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia euryphyllidia is listed as "Critically Endangered (CR)" under criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v). We carried out a census in two populations for this species, in which we found between 20 to 60 adult plants. The population in Veracruz has reproductive plants, juvenile and seedlings; however, it is a small population and the surrounding area has been transformed to anthropogenic landscapes. We suggest that this status should be maintained. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia euryphyllidia is easily diagnosable from its congeners in Mexico by its broadly obovate, lustrous and membranaceous leaflets asymmetrical apex of leaflets. Also, the ovulate strobili are greenish brown with an acuminate apex, and its megasporophylls are green with abundant dark brown trichomes. This species is most similar to  C. hondurensis , but it can be distinguished by its sinuate margins at distal end of leaflets, whereas in  C. hondurensis they are entire. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun.  Minatitlán , 100 m, 24 Jul 1986, A.P. Vovides &amp; E.R. Acosta 1108 (MO, XAL); 21 Jun 1984, M. Vázquez-Torres 1157 (NY). Mun. Jesús Carranza, 24 May 1982, M. Vázquez-Torres 2532 (CIB, MEXU); 26 Mar 1982, M. Vázquez-Torres et al. 2374 (CHAPA, MEXU, NY); 100 m, 5 Jun 1989, M. Vázquez-Torres &amp; J.P. Sclavo 4037 (CIB); 18 Apr 1982, M. Vázquez-Torres 2451 (CHAPA, MEXU, MO, NY); 120 m, 28 Jul 1983, M. Vázquez-Torres 2614 (CIB, NY); 21 Jun 1984, M. Vázquez-Torres 4126 (NY); 120 m, 28 Dec 1984, T. Wenth et al. 4732 (CHAPA). Mun. Uxpanapa, 398 m, 18 Mar 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L. Martínez-Domínguez 1984 (CIB);  19 Mar 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n 71-77 (CIB). Mun. Hidalgotitla ́n (plant cultivated at JBC-INECOL), V.E. Luna M. 1520 (XAL). Oaxaca: Mun. Santa Mari ́a Chimalapa , 232 m, 13 May 1995, E. Torres B. 687 (SERO, XAL); 398 m, 18 Mar 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 1982, 1983 (CIB); 335 m, 5 May 1996, J.E. Rivera H. &amp; S. Escobedo 102 (XAL); 630 m, 16 May 1998, J.E. Rivera H. et al. 700 (MEXU); 475 m, 21 Mar 1999, J.E. Rivera H. et al. 1195 (SERO); 398 m, 18 Mar 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejón 51-70 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA3DBA66D6785AABBC578BC7DE0749FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
39A45C843C3E50ACBCF29799D3EB3B28.text	39A45C843C3E50ACBCF29799D3EB3B28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia fuscoviridis W. Bull., Retail List. 154: 4. 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 10.  Ceratozamia fuscoviridis W.Bull., Retail List. 154: 4. 1879</p>
            <p>Figs 3A, 9C, 15J</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. f. fuscoviridis (W.Bull.) J.Schust., Pflanzenr. (Engler) Heft 99, 4 fam 1: 132. 1932, as  C. mexicana var. longifolia f. fuscoviridis . Type: Based on  Ceratozamia fuscoviridis W.Bull. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Cultivated at Glasnevin, Ireland "Hort. Bot. Glasnevin", 21 Mar 1878 (accessioned 1881), D. Moore s.n. (neotype, designated by Calonje and Sennikov 2017, pg. 161: K! [K000501714, K000501712, K000501713]). Mexico. Hidalgo: Mun. Molango, km 3 carretera  Molango-Xochicoatlán , 1,860 m, 31 Mar 2015, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez et al. 493 ♀ (epitype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a: 105: CIB! [acc. # 17465UV]; isoepitype: MEXU! [acc. # 1520508, 1520282, 1520519])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-90 cm long, 25-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-4.5  × 2-3.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, narrowly triangular, reddish brown, densely brownish tomentose at emergence, tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 10-70, 92-215 cm long, ascending, light green and dark brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 40-95 cm long, terete, linear, dark green in mature leaves; with 14-60 (66) thin prickles, 0.09-0.33 cm long. Rachis 65-150 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 28-67 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, abaxially curved longitudinally, basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green, with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light brown veins; median leaflets 16.6-42  × 1.3-2.1 cm, 0.6-2 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.6-1.3 cm wide, green and brown. Pollen strobili 22-30 cm long, 5-8 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, brownish yellow at emergence, greenish brown with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 5-14.5 cm long, 1.6-2.3 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.6-2.4  × 1.2-1.6 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.45-0.56 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.16-0.29 cm long, 0.53-0.80 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 24-35 cm long, 8.5-15 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with brown trichomes at emergence, brown-green with dark brown trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 4-15.5 cm long, 1.8-2.5 cm in diameter, erect or pendulous, tomentose, brown to reddish brown; megasporophylls 49-195, 7-15 orthostichies with 7-15 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.3-3.5  × 3.0-4.0 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.70-0.99 cm long, 1.7-2.1 cm between horns and an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 2-2.6 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia fuscoviridis is endemic to south to central Carso Huasteco in Mexico from Hidalgo to northwest of Veracruz States (Fig. 17B) in cloud forests between 1,300-1,900 m elevation. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet refers to the dark-brown color of the leaf at emergence.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: teocintle, teocintli and tepecintli (Bonta et al. 2019).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>This species has decorative uses associated with religious ceremonies and national holidays. The leaves are commonly used to make arches in the entrances of some Roman Catholic churches or decorate the walls during national holidays.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia fuscoviridis is listed as "Critically Endangered" under criteria B1ab(i,iii,iv,v). This species requires a reassessment of its conservation status because new populations have recently been recorded, including its current circumscription that includes populations from Veracruz State. Based on the number of populations, modelled potential geographical distribution from ecological niche and its occurrence in a Natural Protected Areas (Los  Mármoles National Park),  C. fuscoviridis could be listed as "Endangered (EN)" (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2021). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia fuscoviridis is polymorphic within populations because individual plants may have either a light green or dark-brown leaf color at emergence. Individuals with dark-brown leaf at emergence also have a brownish abaxial side. This species is most geographically proximate to  C. chamberlainii , but it can be distinguished by lanceolate and papyraceous leaflets, a petiole armed with long and thin prickles; and ovulate strobili that are brownish green with dark trichomes at maturity. </p>
            <p> Osborne et al. (2006) intended to validate  Ceratozamia fuscoviridis D.Moore, which was invalidly published in 1878. However, in 2017, Calonje &amp; Sennikov published the correction to this name using a brief description by William Bull in horticultural catalogues. This work is the valid publication for the specie and the name "  C. fuscoviridis D.Moore" is an isonym with no nomenclatural status. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Hidalgo: Mun.  Eloxochitlán , 18 Mar 1995, I. Luna-Vega 54716 (FCME). Mun.  Metztitlán , 30 Dec 1992, J.L.  López-García 449 (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU).  Mun. Molango de Escamilla , 1,380 m, 29 May 1999, A.P. Vovides 1298 (XAL); 1,400 m, 29 May 1999, A.P. Vovides 1301 (XAL); 1,500 m, 24 Jul 2008, A. Vite-Reyes et al. 6 (XAL); 1,860 m, 31 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2209 - 2211 (CIB);   1,860 m, 31 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 485 -492, 494- 514 (CIB); T.W. Walters 2001-03-A (XAL).  Mun. Tenango de Doria , 1,700 m, 12 Mar 1993, I. Luna-Vega 914 (FCME). Mun. Tlanchinol, 1,450 m, 25 Aug 1992, I. Luna-Vega s/n (FCME); 1,420 m, 7 Oct 1992, I. Luna-Vega 625 (FCME, XAL); 25 Aug 1992, I. Luna-Vega 789 (XAL); 1,312 m, 31 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2204-2208 (CIB);   1,312 m, 31 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 455-484 (CIB).  
Mun. 
Zacualtipan
de 
Angeles , 23 Jan, 1983, J. Rees 389 (CHAPA, FCME, MEXU)  ; 1,360 m, 4 Dec 1974, J. Rees 1611 (CHIP, XAL); 4 Dec 1974, J. Rees 6339 (IEB). Veracruz: Mun. Huayacocotla, 1,913 m, 23 Feb 2005, D. Saavedra  Millán 64 (FCME); 1,850 m, 13 Mar 1980, J. Palma G. 63 (XAL); 1,844 m, 1 Apr 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2212 - 2214 (CIB); 1,700 m, 24 Mar 1981, L. Ballesteros &amp; F. Ballesteros 460 (XAL); 1,550 m, 23 Apr 1981, L.G.  Juárez G. 47 (XAL); 1,844 m, 1 Apr 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 515 - 544 (CIB); 1,900 m, 11 Feb 1972, R.  Hernández M. 1507 (MEXU, XAL); 26 Feb 1975, V. Sosa 59 (XAL). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/39A45C843C3E50ACBCF29799D3EB3B28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
2B539FB3369F5343B7C062BA3841291F.text	2B539FB3369F5343B7C062BA3841291F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia hildae G. P. Landry & M. C. Wilson, Brittonia 31 (3): 422. 1979	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 11.  Ceratozamia hildae G.P.Landry &amp; M.C.Wilson, Brittonia 31(3): 422. 1979</p>
            <p>Fig. 18</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Cultivated in Baton Rouge , Louisiana USA   at 5988  South Pollard Parkway (plants originally from several km N of Xilitla, San Luis  Potosí , Mexico), G. Landry 76521 ♂ (holotype: GH! [00003274]; isotypes: FTG!, LSU! [LSU00048484], MEXU! [MEXU00443083, MEXU00443084, MEXU00443085], MICH! [1050284A, 1050284B], NY! [00001153-00001156], US! [00011993])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-20 cm long, 10-15 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 2.1-4.2  × 0.8-1.9 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-7, 95-202 cm long, ascending, reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 43-89 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown and green in adult leaves; with 2-12 thin prickles, 0.01-0.2 cm long. Rachis 60-130 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, with prickles and occasionally unarmed. Leaflets in 5-11 fascicles, 16-56 leaflets in total, clustered, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, basally falcate to non-basally falcate, membranaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical to asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 14.5-24  × 2.4-5 cm, 6-15 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.2-0.5 cm wide, brown and green. Pollen strobili 8-12.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, brown with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, reddish brown at maturity; peduncle 6-8 cm long, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 0.8-1.2  × 0.6-1 cm, discoid with non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.23-0.29 cm long and rounded with curved horns, 0.20-0.25 cm long, 0.39-0.50 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 10-15 cm long, 6-9 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green at emergence with brown trichomes, green with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 7.5-16 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 20-56, 5-8 orthostichies with 4-7 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2-3.7  × 2-4 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.30-0.50 cm long, 1.70-1.90 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.3-2.3 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia hildae is endemic to Sierra Gorda in Mexico, particularly in San Luis Potosí and  Querétaro (Fig. 17C), where it occurs in the evergreen tropical forests on karstic rocks at 300-1,200 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet is in honor of Hilda Guerra Walker, daughter of the original collector (Luciano E. Guerra, plant collector from Mission Texas) (Landry and Wilson 1979).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico.  Querétaro : Chamalillo, pata de gallo (J. Rees 312). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia hildae is listed as  “Endangered” under criteria A2abcd; B1ab(ii,iii,iv). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia hildae is easily distinguished from other members of the group by its clustered membranous oblong leaflets (Fig. 18A). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico.  Querétaro :  Mun. Arroyo Seco ,   1,181 m, 9 Nov 2003, J.A.  Pérez de la Rosa &amp; G. Vargas A. 1908 (IBUG).  Mun. Jalpan de Serra ,   850 m, 29 Dec 1977, A.P.  Vovides 337 (XAL)  ; 29 Dec 1977, A.P. Vovides s/n (IEB); 1,200 m, 8 Mar1991, B. Servin 870 (MEXU); 1,200 m, 20 Mar 1991, B. Servin 986 (MEXU); 8 Mar 1991, B. Servin 6328 (IEB); 20 Apr 1991, B. Servin 6330 (IEB);   Sep 1977, J. Rees s/n (IEB); 312 (XAL). San Luis  Potosí :  
Mun. 
Aquismon ,   300 m, 22 Sep 1977, A.P. Vovides &amp; J.  Rees 312 (MEXU, XAL)  ; 357 m, 20 Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2391 - 2406 (CIB); 357 m, 20 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 910-921, 923, 940 (CIB), 922 (CIB, MEXU);  26 Nov 1970, S. Longoria s/n (MEXU; US) ; 617 m, 15 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters TW-2001-14-A (MEXU, XAL), TW-2001-14-B (XAL), TW-2001-14-C (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B539FB3369F5343B7C062BA3841291F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
5541FFD41AE65C36A5BC8A46D45871C4.text	5541FFD41AE65C36A5BC8A46D45871C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia hondurensis J. L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & R. S. Adams, The Cycad Newsletter 31 (2 / 3): 16. 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 12.  Ceratozamia hondurensis J.L.Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman &amp; R.S.Adams, The Cycad Newsletter 31 (2/3): 16. 2008</p>
            <p>Fig. 15K</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  HONDURAS.  Atlántida : Mun. Esparta, 0.5 km SE of Jilamo Nuevo along the  Rio
Jilamito
 , 13 Apr 1994, A.E. Brand &amp; R.  Zúniga 2830, (lectotype, designated here: MO! [acc. # 5943287-5943289]; isolectotype: MEXU! [MEXU01347996-MEXU01347999])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stems 20-50 cm long, 20 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4.5-7  × 4.5-7.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-25, 120-322 cm long, ascending, light green at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 56-150 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 8-34 thin prickles, 0.26-0.50 cm long. Rachis 80-200 cm long, terete, linear, with prickles, green in mature leaves. Leaflets 10-18 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, obovate to broadly oblanceolate, in general longitudinally planar, generally not basally falcate, membranaceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with prominent and light-green veins; median leaflets 23-34.5  × 8-12.8 cm, 8.5-16 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.6 cm wide, green and yellow. Pollen strobili 30-35 cm long, 4-5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green at emergence, yellowish cream with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 2-4 cm long, 2-3 cm in diameter, tomentose, brown; microsporophylls 0.9-1.2  × 0.7-1.2 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.52-0.60 cm long, and orbicular and rounded with straight horns 0.18-0.23 cm long, 0.50-0.62 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 18-22 cm long, 8-10 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green to green with abundant, deep red trichomes at emergence, greenish brown with abundant, blackish trichomes at maturity, mucronate apex; peduncle 5-15 cm long, 1.0-3.0 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 72-120, 9-11 orthostichies with 8-11 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.5-2.5  × 4-5.5 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns curved and 0.60-0.80 cm long, 0.99-1.40 cm between the horns with an acute angle between horns. Seeds 2.1-2.6 cm long, 1.46-1.89 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia hondurensis is endemic to Honduras in the  Atlántida department (Fig. 17D), where it grows in evergreen tropical forest between 20-600 m elevation. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet alludes to the endemism of the species in Honduras.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Honduras.  Atlántida : Camotillo (Haynes et al. 2008). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> The stems are used to elaborate an infusion for poison animals or people. (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2241). Also, the stems are processed for medicinal purposes (Bonta et al. 2019). </p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia hondurensis is not listed in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. There is insufficient data on the  population’s status of this species, however, it is known that populations have suffered illegal wildlife trade as shown by seizures made at Customs of Honduras. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia hondurensis is similar in leaf morphology to  C. euryphyllidia . It differs in its leaflets with a symmetric apex and an entire margin at distal end as compared to the asymmetric apex and sinuate margin at distal end of the leaflets in  C. euryphyllidia . Additionally,  C. hondurensis differs in reproductive structures; the ovulate strobilus has mucronate apex, whereas in  C. euryphyllidia the ovulate strobilus has long (up to 5 cm) acuminate apex. </p>
            <p> In protologue, two specimens from " A.E. Brand &amp; R.  Zúniga 2830 " were cited as types: holotype in EAP and isotype in MO. The type specimen was not deposited in EAP (the herbarium has no record of this material nor was it found in unprocessed material). In addition, we consulted TEFH, the other herbarium in Honduras, with the same result. However, we found a duplicate specimen in MEXU. Thus, we are here designating the specimen in MO cited as isotype as the lectotype and the specimen at MEXU as the isolectotype. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Honduras.  Atlántida :  Mun. La Ceiba , 225 m, 14 Apr 1996, D.R. Hodel &amp; Schleder 1485 (MO); 217 m, 29 Jul 2003, J. Haynes et al. 47 (TEFH);   151 m, 19 May 2022, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2440, 2443, 2444, 2446-2448 (TEFH).  Mun. Tela , 0-500 m, 10 Feb 1994, C. Nelson et al. 17586 (TEFH); 200-500 m, 9 Apr 1994, D.L. Hazlett et al. 8036 (MO); 615 m, 13 Jul 2008, G. Sandoval et al. 1312 (TEFH);   615 m, 31 Jul 2003, J. Haynes et al. 40 (TEFH);  Cultivated , 615 m, 16 Mar 2017, L. Ferrufino et al. 777 (TEFH); 163 m, 17 May 2022, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2421, 2423, 2425, 2428-2430 (TEFH). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5541FFD41AE65C36A5BC8A46D45871C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
9FBAF21B3BD95E2C88E4645B177BC4CB.text	9FBAF21B3BD95E2C88E4645B177BC4CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia huastecorum Avendaño, Vovides & Cast. - Campos, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141 (3): 395. 2003	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 13.  
Ceratozamia huastecorum 
Avendano
, Vovides &amp; Cast.-Campos, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141(3): 395. 2003
</p>
            <p>Fig. 15L</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Tepetzintla,  Sierra de San Juan Otontepec , 1,300 m, 16 Dec 1981, G. Castillo-Campos et al. 2567 ♀ (holotype: XAL! [XAL0016937])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-50 cm long, 14-20 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 3.0-4.0  × 2.5-3.0 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 4-7, 50-80 cm long, ascending, light green at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 20-40 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 10-30 thin prickles 0.21-0.35 cm long. Rachis 40-70 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 8-18 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with prominent and light-green veins; median leaflets 12-22  × 2.5-6 cm, 1.6-5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.4-1.1 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 15-18 cm long, 2.5-3.2 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green at emergence, yellowish cream with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 6-23 cm long, 1.6-2.2 cm in diameter, tomentose, brown; microsporophylls 0.8-1.2  × 0.72-1.0 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.28-0.35 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.11-0.18 cm long, 0.50-0.68 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 13.5-18 cm long, 6-10 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green at emergence, dark green with abundant blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 3-8 cm long, 1.0-2.2 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 54-99, 9-10 orthostichies with 6-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.4-1.8  × 1.8-2.0 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.40-0.56 cm long, 1.0-1.60 cm between the horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 1.1-1.5 cm long, 1.0-1.2 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia huastecorum is endemic to the Sierra de Otontepec in the northwest of Veracruz State, Mexico (Fig. 19A) where it occurs in cloud forest on clay soils with rocky outcrops at 800 to 1,300 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet commemorates the Huasteca region, where this species is found; this region has cultural importance in Veracruz, Mexico.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: Palmilla (Bonta et al. 2019).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia huastecorum is currently listed as "Critically Endangered" under criteria B2ab(iii,v). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia huastecorum has a close morphological similarity to  C. latifolia . However,  C. huastecorum has light-green emergent leaves and coriaceous leaflets, whereas in  C. latifolia the leaflets are reddish brown at emergence and papyraceous. In addition, the ovulate strobili are larger than  C. latifolia , with 9 to 10 orthostichies as compared to  C. latifolia with 4-7 orthostichies. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Tepetzintla , 1,250 m, 26 Aug 1981, G. Castillo-Campos &amp; A. Benavides M. 2215 (XAL); 1,200 m, 27 Aug 1981, G. Castillo-Campos &amp; A. Benavides M. 2232, 2244 (XAL); 820 m, 14 Dec 1981, G. Castillo-Campos 2480, 2481, 2482 (XAL); 850 m, 10 Jan 1986, G. Castillo-Campos 4472 (XAL);   20 Sep 1989, P.  Zamora C. et al. 1197 (CH, MEXU, XAL)  ; 21 Sep 1989, P. Zamora et al. 1249 (MEXU, XAL). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FBAF21B3BD95E2C88E4645B177BC4CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
AD3592D891D25D3CB414A71FEFB90639.text	AD3592D891D25D3CB414A71FEFB90639.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia kuesteriana Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30: 187. t. 3. 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 14.  Ceratozamia kuesteriana Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30: 187. t. 3. 1857</p>
            <p>Figs 3D, 7A, 9B</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Cultivated in St. Petersburg, Russia "Ex Horto Petropolitano", 1856, E. Regel s.n. (holotype: LE! [LE00009046]; isotype: U! [U0007272]) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-30 cm long, 10-25 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 1.5-4  × 2-3.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 1-11, 80-133 cm long, ascending, reddish brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-72 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves; with 1-10 thin prickles, 0.01-0.15 cm long. Rachis 40-72 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, with prickles and rarely unarmed. Leaflets 22-50 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, adaxially curved, basally falcate, papyraceous, caniculate, green, adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light veins; median leaflets 17-32  × 0.6-1 cm, 0.3-2.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.2-0.8 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 11-15 cm long, 1.6-2.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish brown with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 8-14 cm long, 0.7-1 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 0.6-1.1  × 0.5-1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.28-0.32 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.05-0.25 cm long, 0.45-0.53 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 13-21 cm long, 7-9 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green at emergence with brown trichomes, grayish light green with black trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 9-16 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 30-72, 6-8 orthostichies with 5-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.5-4.0  × 2.3-3.5 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.30-0.52 cm long, 0.60-0.94 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 1.5-2.3 cm long, 1.2-1.8 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia kuesteriana is endemic to Tamaulipas State, Mexico (Fig. 19B), where it occurs on karstic rocks in pine-oak and cloud forests at 1,100-1,500 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is in honor of Baron K. von Kuester.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021). The status for  Ceratozamia kuesteriana "Critically Endangered" under criteria A2cd; B2ab(ii,iii,iv). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia kuesteriana is similar to  C. sabatoi , but it is easily distinguished by its canaliculate leaflets and ascending leaves. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined:</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Tamaulipas: Mun.  Gómez Farías , 1,260 m, 1 May 1967, A.  Gómez-Pompa 2029 (MEXU); 1,150 m, 12 Aug 1983, A.P. Vovides 791, 800, 2056 (XAL); 13 Aug 1983, A.P. Vovides &amp; G. Pattison 771, 772, 801 (XAL); 27 Jun 2017, C.I.  Carvajal-Hernández et al. 1355 (CIB); 1,200-1400 m, 20 Nov 1970, F.  González-Medrano &amp; E.  Martínez 3288 (MEXU); 1,100 m, 21 Jan 1970, F.  González-Medrano et al. 3362 (MEXU, MO); 13 Aug 1985, L. Trejo s/n (UAT); 1,050 m, 30 Mar 1961, P.S. Martin &amp; C. Saravia 1170 (ENCB). Mun. Ocampo, 1,255 m, 14 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters TW-201-11-A (XAL), TW-201-11-B (MEXU). Mun. Tula, 1,450 m, 21 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 569H, 569G, 569K (MEXU); 1,296 m, 19 Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2357 - 2365 (CIB); 1,296 m, 19 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 854 - 867, 869 (CIB), 868 (CIB, MEXU); 1,140 m, 19 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 870 - 881 (CIB); 24 Apr 2001, S.  Avendaño 5328 (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD3592D891D25D3CB414A71FEFB90639	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
94684D81DE30568F817819575172F967.text	94684D81DE30568F817819575172F967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia latifolia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1 (4): 206. 1848	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 15.  Ceratozamia latifolia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1(4): 206. 1848</p>
            <p>Figs 7B, 10A</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. latifolia (Miq.) J.Schust., Pflanzenr. 99: 131. 1932. Type: Based on  Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia microstrobila Vovides &amp; Rees, Madroño 30: 39. 1983. Type: Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Mun. Ciudad del Maíz, Ejido Las Abritas, km 47 Ciudad Mante-Ciudad del  Maíz , 850 m, 7 Nov 1974, J. Rees 1613 (holotype: XAL! [XAL0099666]; isotypes: FCME! [acc. # 132849], IBUG! [acc. # 155413], MO! [acc. # 5715707], XAL [n.v.]). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. San Luis  Potosí :  Route 70, 46 km West of Ciudad Valles, 650 m, 20 Jul 1983, D.E. Stevenson 565E (neotype, designated by Stevenson and Sabato 1986, pg. 579: NY! [00001117]; isoneotypes: MEXU! [MEXU00469173, MEXU00469148])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 5-15 cm long, 10-25 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 1.5-3  × 2-4 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 1-8, 53-163.5 cm long, descending, reddish brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 25-80 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, generally unarmed, rarely up to 3 prickles, 0.08-0.10 cm long. Rachis 25-110 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves, unarmed. Leaflets 7-22 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and indistinct veins; median leaflets 12-28  × 2.3-5.1 cm, 1.7-12.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.4-1.1 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 10-20 cm long, 2.1-2.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, reddish brown at maturity; peduncle 5-15 cm long, 0.79-1.5 cm in diameter, reddish brown to brown pubescent; microsporophylls 0.5-1.3  × 0.5-1.1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.20-0.30 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.1-0.20 cm long, 0.40-0.55 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 6.5-16 cm long, 5.5-8.0 cm in diameter, solitary, globose, erect, light green at emergence with brown trichomes, greyish light brown with brown trichomes at maturity, apiculate apex; peduncle 4-13.5 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm in diameter, erect, brown pubescent; megasporophylls 24-63, 5-7 orthostichies with 4-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.0-2.7  × 1.6-2.9 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.36-0.76 cm long, 0.54-0.63 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 1.5-2.2 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia latifolia is distributed widely in the mountainous region of San Luis Potosí State, Mexico (Fig. 19C), where it occurs in pine-oak, oak and cloud forests between 600-1,100 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word  “latus” (wide) and  “folium” (leaves). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. San Luis Potosí: Chamalillo, corosillo (S. Sabato et al. 2340); Konlif in the teenek/huasteco language (Bonta et al. 2019).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The seeds are used to obtain meal for tortillas (Bonta et al. 2019).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021). The status listed for  Ceratozamia latifolia is  “Endangered” under criteria A2cd+4cd. However, the current circumscription and distribution data indicate that status should be changed to "Vulnerable (V)". </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia latifolia differs from  C. chamberlainii by its unarmed petiole or if armed with no more than 3 prickles, its papyraceous leaflets, and discoid microsporophylls with a rounded distal face and horns up to 0.20 cm long. Additionally, this species is characterized by reddish brown leaves at emergence and ovulate strobilus is greyish light brown with brown trichomes at maturity and an apiculate apex. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. San Luis  Potosí :  Cultivated , 24 Jan 1994, F.  García S. s/n (SLPM); Dec 1977, N.F. McCarten 2552 (ENCB). Mun. Alaquines, 1,428 m, 21 Dec 2008, J. Fortanelli M. &amp; H.A. Castillo 141 (SLPM). Mun.  Cárdenas , 950 m, 12 to 15 Sep 1967, J. Rzedowski 24746 (ENCB). Mun. Ciudad del  Maíz , 750 m, 13 Oct 1968, H. Puig 3420 (ENCB, P); 25 Apr 2001, S.  Avendaño 5320 (MEXU); 900-1,300 m, 5 Feb 1984, S. Sabato et al. 2340 (ENCB, MEXU, MO). Mun. El Naranjo, 7 Nov 1951, Clint 144 (US); 20 Jul 1997, D.W. Stevenson 567 (XAL); 900 m, 19 Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2375 - 2389 (CIB); 900 m, 19 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 894 - 909 (CIB); 895 m, 13 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters TW-2001-08; 895 M, 14 Jan 2001, TW-2001-10A,B (MEXU, XAL). Mun.  Rayón , 812 m, 5 Aug 2003, A.P. Vovides et al. 1466 (XAL); 20 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 1117 (NY); 650 m, 20 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 565A (MEXU), 565B,C (MEXU, XAL); 993 m, 18. Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2320 - 2334 (CIB); 1,100 m, 30 Jun 1962, F. Medellin L. 1330 (ENCB, MEXU, SLPM); 1,221 m, 6 Apr 2013, H.A.  Castillo-Gómez et al. 558 (SLPM); 600 m, 17 Jul 1988, J.A.  Pérez de la Rosa &amp; L.M.  González-Villarreal 1564 (IBUG); 993 m, 18 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 811 - 827 (CIB); 24 Apr 2001, S.  Avendaño 5282 (MEXU). Mun. Tamasopo, 700 m, 15 Aug 2003, A.P. Vovides et al. 1465 (MEXU, XAL); 2 Jun 1968, F. Medellin L. 27241 (ENCB); 2 Jun 1968, F. Medellin L. s/n (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU, SLPM); 716 m, 18. Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2335 - 2348 (CIB); 716 m, 18 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 828 - 844 (CIB); 750 m, 11 Sep 1967, J. Rzedowski 24571 (ENCB); 900 m, 24 May 1981, P.A. Fryxell &amp; W.R. Anderson 3586 (NY; US); 856 m, 19 Jan 2013, U. Pineda M. 70 (SLPM)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/94684D81DE30568F817819575172F967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
20036E4799B65E3BA2EF245D63B9AD7C.text	20036E4799B65E3BA2EF245D63B9AD7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia leptoceras Mart. - Domínguez, Nic. - Mor., D. W. Stev. & Lorea-Hern., PhytoKeys 156: 13. 2020	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 16.  
Ceratozamia leptoceras Mart.- 
Dominguez
, Nic.-Mor., D.W.Stev. &amp; Lorea-Hern., PhytoKeys 156: 13. 2020
</p>
            <p>Fig. 7C</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Guerrero: Mun. Tlacoachistlahuaca, 3 km NW de  San Pedro Cuitlapan , 1,400 m, 26 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1867 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 22405UV]; isotypes: MEXU!, NY!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-150 cm long, 11-35 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect to decumbent. Cataphylls 9-11  × 2.5-3 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose abaxially at emergence, pubescent at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 7-37 (55), 93.5-281 cm long, descending, green at emergence with sparse reddish brown pubescent, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 45-85 cm long, terete, linear, copperish green in mature leaves; with 50-75 thin prickles, 0.48-0.68 cm long. Rachis 75-196 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 22-61 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, abaxially curved, not basally falcate, membranaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and greenish veins; median leaflets 28-43.5  × 1.9-2.8 cm, 1.8-2.8 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.70-1.15 cm, generally copperish green. Pollen strobili 40-45 cm long 6.0-7.8 cm in diameter, generally solitary (rarely 2), cylindrical, erect, brownish yellow at emergence, yellowish green with brownish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 13-19 cm long, 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 2.1-2.45  × 1.09-1.30 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.83-0.96 cm long and linear with straight and thin horns and 0.1-0.23 cm long, 0.44-0.56 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 23.5-28 cm long, 9.5-11 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, brownish green with greyish black trichomes at emergence, copperish green with greyish black pubescent at maturity with an acute apex; peduncle 11-16 cm long, 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 56-81, 8-9 orthostichies with 7-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 4.9-5.6  × 2.2-2.6 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and robust and 0.63-0.81 cm long, 0.95-1.35 cm between horns and angle straight between the horns. Seeds 2.43-2.71 cm in long, 1.4-1.8 cm in diameter, ovoid, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia leptoceras is endemic to the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero State, Mexico (Fig. 19D), where it occurs on karstic rocks in cloud forest at 1,170-1,400 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words that describe the shape of the horns on the sporophylls:  “lepto” for thin or fine and  “ceras” in reference to the horns. </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Guerrero:  Shalukaá is the name used by the  “Mixteco” ethnic group (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Only three populations of  Ceratozamia leptoceras are known. In particular, one of these populations has few adult plants (approximately 30 individuals). The cloud forests in this area are less affected by anthropogenic pressures; however, this vegetation type is one of the most threatened in Mexico (Williams-Linera 2002). Based upon this information,  C. leptoceras should be considered "Endangered (EN)" in accordance with IUCN criteria. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia leptoceras is distinguished from  C. oliversacksii by its linear and membranaceous leaflets. The main differences are in reproductive structures,  C. leptoceras has and linear infertile portion of microsporophylls and ovulate strobilus with abundant pubescence at the base of the megasporophylls. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Guerrero: Mun. Cochoapa El Grande ,   1,170 m, 4 Feb 1984, F. Lorea-Herna ́ndez 2928 (FCME).  Mun. Tlacoachistlahuaca , 1,200 m, 29 May 219, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3173 (XAL), 3174 (FCME), 3175 (CIB); 1,200 m, 29 May 2019, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1756 (CIB), 1757 (CIB, MEXU), 1758 (XAL), 1759 (CIB, MEXU);   1,400 m, 26 Jun 2019, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n &amp; L.  Marti ́nez-Domínguez 3255-3261 (CIB)  ; 1,400 m, 26 Jun 2019, L. Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejón 1860, 1861 (MEXU), 1862-1866 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/20036E4799B65E3BA2EF245D63B9AD7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
5A1A34A40B3C555F9948FF8DBB39964F.text	5A1A34A40B3C555F9948FF8DBB39964F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia matudae Lundell, Lloydia 2: 75. 1939	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 17.  Ceratozamia matudae Lundell, Lloydia 2: 75. 1939</p>
            <p>Figs 7D, 8D-F, 10D</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: northern slope of  Mt. Ovando , 1,000 m, Feb 1939, E. Matuda 2645 ♂ (holotype: MICH! [1002583]; isotypes: CAS! [0001920], MEXU! [acc. # 86830],  US! [00620111]). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-50 cm long, 20-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4-6.0  × 2.5-4.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-14, 80-155 cm long, descending, green at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-79 cm long, terete, linear, green in adult leaves; unarmed to armed with 18-36 thin prickles, 0.1-0.28 cm long. Rachis 45-76 cm long, terete, linear, green with abundant brown trichomes in young leaves, yellow to yellowish green in mature leaves, unarmed to armed with prickles. Leaflets 23-53 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with base yellow and adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 23-40  × 0.6-1.3 cm, 0.6-1.7 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.3-0.8 cm wide, yellow. Pollen strobili 9.5-16 cm long, 3.5-5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 8-14 cm long, 1.8-2.2 cm in diameter, pubescent, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 0.78-1.4  × 0.77-1.1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.37-0.56 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.16-0.35 cm long, 0.50-0.81 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 8-15 cm long, 5-8 cm in diameter, solitary, globose, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, dark green with blackish trichomes at maturity, aristate apex; peduncle 11-17 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, pendulous, with trichomes scarce, blackish, pendulous and erect; megasporophylls 16-25, 4-5 orthostichies with 4-6 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.5-3.4  × 4.5-5.3 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns recurved, straight and thin and 0.59-1.50 cm long, 0.92-1.56 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 2.9-4.0 cm long, 1.9-4.0 cm in diameter, globose, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia matudae is endemic to Chiapas in Mexico (Fig. 20A), where it occurs on karstic rocks in evergreen tropical forest at 1,000-1,500 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is in honor of professor Eizi Matuda, for his contributions to botany in Mexico.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021). Currently,  Ceratozamia matudae is listed as  “Endangered” under criteria B1ab(ii,iii,v); C1. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia matudae differs from other  Ceratozamia species by its yellow rachis and petiole and leaflets with yellow base and articulations. In addition, the length of the peduncle is the same or longer than the fertile portion of ovulate strobili. The ovulate strobili have an aristate apex, and the megasporophylls have long recurved horns. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Acacoyagua , 1,400 m, A.P. Vovides 1069 (XAL);  1,300 m, 9 Jan 1987, D.W. Stevenson et al. 681 (FTG; MO; NY; US) ; 1,000 m, Feb 1939, E. Matuda 2646 (MEXU); 1,420 m, 24 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2832-2840 (CIB); 1,420 m, 24 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1404 - 1409, 1412, 1415, 1416, 1418, 1419 (CIB), 1405, 1407 (CIB, MEXU);   1,480 m, 29 Dec 1993, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 27 (CIB, CH, CHIP, MEXU, USCG)  ;   22 Feb 1995, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 142 (CHIP, FTG, MEXU).  Mun. Escuintla , 8 Feb 2000, O. Farrera S. 1875 (CHIP). Mun. Siltepec  , 1,500 m, 6 Nov 1945, E.H. Xolocotzi &amp; A.J. Sharp 367 (MEXU);   1,500 m,  Oct-Nov 1940, E. Matuda 4032 (MEXU; NY)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A1A34A40B3C555F9948FF8DBB39964F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
83C42D63182C5A58A0868E76413D78AB.text	83C42D63182C5A58A0868E76413D78AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 3, 5: 8, t. 1. 1846.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 18.  
Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 
ser
. 3, 5: 8, t. 1. 1846.
</p>
            <p>Figs 7E, 11B</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia intermedia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1(4): 40. 1848. Type. Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Puente Nacional, 1 km S of Palmillas, 600 m, 13 Mar 1985, G. Castillo-Campo &amp; Medina 4275 (neotype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a, pg. 111: XAL! [acc. # 16924]). </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia longifolia Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1(4): 40. 1848. Type. Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Zacuapam, Apr 1913, C. Purpus s.n. [6362]! (neotype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a, pg. 111: MO! [acc. # 741393]). </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia longifolia Miq. var. minor Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 2(4): 290. 1849. Type. Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Teocelo, Barranca of Teocelo, 1,020 m, 23 Dec 1975, M.G. Zola 146 (neotype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a, pg. 111: XAL! [acc. # 16957]). </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. longifolia (Miq.) Dyer, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 193. 1884. Type: Based on  Ceratozamia longifolia Miq. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Cultivated in Paris "Hort. Bot. Parisiensis", original material sent by A. Ghiesbrecht from Mexico, 1845, Anon. s.n. (holotype: P! [P02441737, P01637464-P01637466]). Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Totutla, Barranca El Coyotito, 1 km road from  El Mirador to  Conejos , 900 m, 8 Sep 1982, J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1688 (epitype, designated by Vovides et al. 2016, pg. 427: XAL! [acc. # 17004])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-80 cm long, 20-45 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-6  × 2.5-6 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 5-55, 100-270 cm long, descending, green at emergence, with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-93 cm long, terete, linear, dark green in mature leaves; with 8-30 thin prickles, 0.06-0.20 cm long. Rachis 56-154 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles and unarmed. Leaflets 25-42 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, in general longitudinally planar, basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 29-51  × 2.3-3.7 cm, 1.8-4 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.6-1.5 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 20-40 cm long, 4.5-7.6 cm in diameter, generally solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 3.5-9 cm long, 1.5-2.3 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to light-brown; microsporophylls 1.5-2.7  × 0.9-2.1 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.47-0.68 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.29-0.40 cm long, 0.51-1.05 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 23.5-40 cm long, 8-15 cm in diameter, generally solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, dark green with blackish trichomes at emergence, dark green with black and gray trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 7.6-11.5 cm long, 2.5-3 cm in diameter, tomentose, brown to reddish brown, erect or pendulous; megasporophylls 64-240, 8-16 orthostichies with 8-15 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-2.7  × 3.2-5.3 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.53-1.2 cm long, 1-2.1 cm between horns and a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.0-3.3 cm long, 1.4-2.5 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana is endemic to Veracruz State, Mexico from the River La Antigua drainage system to the southern end of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Fig. 20B). It occurs in cloud forest on karstic rocks at 500-1,100 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet is derived from the country of origin of the material used for the description of this species.  Ceratozamia mexicana was the first species described in the genus. </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia mexicana is listed as  “Vulnerable” under criteria A2acd+4cd. According to the current circumscription, this species only occurs in a narrow area, which suffered dramatic decline in forest (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2021). Besides, the populations visited by us have only between 30 and 50 adult plants. This data suggest  C. mexicana should be listed as "Critically Endangered (CR)" under criteria B1ab(iiii, iv) </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana is similar to  C. tenuis ,  C. morettii and  C. brevifrons , but it can be easily distinguished from vegetative and reproductive chracters. This species has lanceolate leaflets, whereas  C. tenuis and  C. morettii have linear and oblong leaflets, respectively. In addition,  C. mexicana has insertion in one plane for leaflets and thin prickles on petiole, whereas  C. brevifrons has keeled leaflets and petioles armed with robust prickles. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Coatepec , 1,600 m, 26 Jun 1990, P. Zamora C. 2450 (MEXU, XAL). Mun. Comapa, 1,003 m, 18 Feb 2013, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1732 - 1734 (CIB); 1,003 m, 28 Sep 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2145 - 2156 (CIB); 970 m, 13 Nov 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2269 - 2272 (CIB); 1,003 m, 28 Sep 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 164 (CIB); 970 m, 13 Nov 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 716 - 723, 725 - 730 (CIB), 724 (CIB, MEXU). Mun. Puente Nacional, 600 m, 13 Mar 1985, G. Castillo-Campos &amp; M. E. Medina 4299 (XAL). Mun. Sochiapa, 1,058 m, 9 Jul 2008, M.  Vázquez-Torres 8589 (CIB). Mun. Teocelo, 900 m, 16 Feb 1997, L.H.  Bojórquez-Galván et al. 531 (CIB); 1,070 m, 20 Nov 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2273 - 2278 (CIB); 1,065 m, 20 Nov 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 731 (CIB); 1,070 m, 20 Nov 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 732-733, 735 - 750 (CIB), 734 (CIB, MEXU); 1,070 m, 11 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 764, 765, 767- 770 (CIB), 766 (CIB, MEXU); 740-800 m, 20 Jul 1995, M. Vazquez-Torres 4865 (CIB). Mun. Tlaltetela, 1,196 m, 5 Jun 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2242 (CIB); 1,084 m, 5 Jun 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2243 (CIB); 1,196 m, 10 Jun 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2246 (CIB); 1,130 m, 21 Jun 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2253 - 2257 (CIB); 1,084 m, 5 Jun 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 584 - 586 (CIB); 1,196 m, 10 Jun 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 620 (CIB); 1,130 m, 21 Jun 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 628 - 635 (CIB). Mun. Totutla, 900 m, 23 Feb 1982, A.P. Vovides 730 - 733 (XAL); 900 m, 8 Sep 1982, A.P. Vovides 748 (XAL); 900 m, 9 Oct 1993, Brigada T. Walters s/n (XAL); 875 m, 8 Aug 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2262 (CIB); 864 m, 27 Jan 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2279 - 2281 (CIB); F.  Vázquez B. 730 (XAL); 1,094 m, 21 Jun 2016, J.M.  Ramírez-Amezcua &amp; A. Paizanni  Guillén 715 (MEXU); 8 Sep 1982, J. Rees 6344 (IEB); 800 m, 30 Dec 1975, J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1660, 1672 (XAL); 900 m, 8 Sep 1982, J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1689 (XAL); 875 m, 8 Aug 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 704 - 707 (CIB); 864 m, 27 Jan 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 752, 754-757 (CIB, MEXU), 758 (CIB). Mun. Xico, 1,195 m, 10 Jul 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 640 - 646 (CIB); 1,159 m, 10 Jul 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 647, 648 (CIB); 900 m, 13 Nov 1981, M. Nee 23035 (NY). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83C42D63182C5A58A0868E76413D78AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
19E2209773565A98A0C63E75C328118A.text	19E2209773565A98A0C63E75C328118A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia miqueliana H. Wendl., Index Palm. 68. 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 19.  Ceratozamia miqueliana H.Wendl., Index Palm. 68. 1854</p>
            <p>Figs 7F, 8A-C, 9D, 11A</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. miqueliana (H.Wendl.) J. Schust., Pflanzenr. (Engler) Heft 99, 4 fam 1: 131. 1932. Type: Based on  Ceratozamia miqueliana H. Wendl. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz:  West of Santiago Tuxtla , Cerro el Vigi ́a, 5 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 542 F (neotype, designated by Stevenson and Sabato 1986, pg. 580: NY! [00001118])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 45-75 cm long, 16-18 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 3-7  × 1.5-4 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 12-37, 35-261 cm long, ascending, light green and glaucous at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 31-97 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, green in mature leaves; with 8-60 robust prickles, 0.22-0.59 cm long. Rachis 41-164 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, yellowish green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 12-23 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with abaxial and adaxial sides glabrous, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, distal end with entire margins, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 16-36  × 4.4-8.7 cm, 2.9-8.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.3-1.8 cm wide, greenish. Pollen strobili 15-30 cm long, 3.1-4.2 cm in diameter, usually solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with red trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow to cream at maturity; peduncle 3.5-5.0 cm long, 1.9-2.2 cm in diameter, tomentose, light brown; microsporophylls 1-2  × 0.7-1.5 cm, obconical with a non-recurved distal face and deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.35-0.50 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.30-0.42 cm long, 0.52-0.70 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 22-30 cm long, 8.9-12 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes, yellowish green with blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 7-12 cm long, 2.7-3.3 cm in diameter, erect and pendulous, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 64-110, 8-11 orthostichies with 8-10 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-3.0  × 3.5-4.2 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.35-0.43 cm long, 1.06-1.12 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.4-3 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia miqueliana is endemic to southwest Mexico in Chiapas, Tabasco and Veracruz States (Fig. 20C), where it occurs on shallow soils in evergreen tropical rain forest at 19-1,000 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet was assigned in honor of Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: Palmita (J. Rees 1657).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The leaves are used for decorations during festivities in Santiago Tuxtla (Veracruz).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia miqueliana is listed as "Critically Endangered" under criteria A2acd. This species has a wide distribution; however, the evergreen tropical rain forest in Veracruz has declined dramatically in recent years (Guevara et al. 2004). In addition, most of the populations occur in areas of interest for the oil industry. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia miqueliana differs from its congeners by its robust and long prickles, and papyraceous, oblong and glabrous (lustrous) leaflets. In addition, ovulate strobili are yellowish yellowish green with blackish trichomes and have an acuminate apex at maturity. This species is closely related to  C. zoquorum , however, that species has descending leaves with coriaceous leaflets. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, 421 m, 23 Oct 1997, R. Jua ́rez-Galdamez 4 (CHIP, MO, XAL); 800 m, 21 Jan 2001, S. Avendan ̃o 5223 (MEXU); 765 m, 21 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-2036-A (MEXU); 2001-2036-C (XAL). Tabasco: Mun. Huimanguillo, 405 m, 10 Aug 2013, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n et al. 1826-1846 (CIB); 23 Jun 1998, G. Orti ́z G. 5291 (MEXU). Veracruz: Mun. A ́ngel R. Cabada, 231 m, 29 Oct 2013, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n et al. 1868-1887 (CIB); 30 Oct 2013, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n et al. 1888-1909 (CIB). Mun. Catemaco, 31 Oct 2013, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n et al. 1910-1929 (CIB). Mun. Coatzacoalcos, 22 m, 2 Apr 2003, C.H. Ramos 2266 (MEXU); Jun 1960, E.  Hernández X. et al. 162 (CHAPA); 26 Jun 1997, G. Castillo C. &amp; F. Morocini 16267 (XAL); 30 m, 7 Sep 2005, 30 m, L.H.  Bojórquez-Galván 1601 (CIB); 18 Jan 2001, S. Avendan ̃o R. 5214 (MEXU); 31 m, 18 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-21-A, B (XAL); T.W. Walters 2001-21-D (MEXU).  
Mun. 
Ixhuatlan
del Sureste
 , 45 m, 13 Sep 2011, J.  Calónico-Soto &amp; B.  Gómez C. 27780 (MEXU). Mun. Las Choapas, 115 m, 26 Nov 2011, A. Rinco ́n G. 2894 (XAL); 115 m, 30 Jun 2003, E. Lo ́pez P. 634 (XAL); 100 m, 25 Nov 2004, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n et al. 1434 (XAL). Mun. Mecayapan, 13 Jul 1994, G. Castillo-Campos et al. 12,565 (ENCB, XAL); 9 Mar 1995, G. Castillo-Campos et al. 13470, 13489 (XAL); 5 Aug 1985, J.I. Calzada 11207 (CH, MEXU)  ;   300 m, 16 Jul 1982, M. Nee et al. 25066 (XAL), 25118 (MO, NY, XAL); 950 m, 26 Jan 1992, M. Va ́zquez- Torres 4123 (CIB); 5 May 1995, M. Va ́zquez- Torres 5017 (CIB). Mun.  Moloacán , 60 m, 19 Dec 1974, J. Rees 1657 (MEXU, XAL), 1658 (XAL), 6347, 6348 (IEB). Mun. Nanchital, 34 m, 12 Aug 2011, J. Rivera H. et al. 4530 (XAL). Mun. Santiago Tuxtla, 900- 1,000 m, 5 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson et al. 541 A-C- F, I, K (NY), G, H, J, N (MEXU, NY); 5 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson et al. 542 A-E, H (NY); 650 m, 28 Mar 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n &amp; L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez 1988-1998 (CIB); 950 m, 24 Jan 1972, J.H. Beaman 5507 (XAL); 650 m, 28 Mar 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n 88-106 (CIB), 107 (CIB, MEXU); 800 m, 28 May 1967, L. Scheinvar 673 (MEXU); 29 Aug 1967, M. Sousa 3201 (MEXU); 845 m, 17 Jan 2001, S. Avendan ̃o R. 5207 (MEXU); 845 m, 17 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters et al. TW 2001-2019 (MEXU, XAL). Mun. Pajapan, 830-980 m, 15 Jul 1982, M. Nee et al. 25066 (XAL). Mun. Soteapan, 250 m, 13 May 1986, M. Va ́zquez-Torres 3360 (CIB, XAL).  Mun. Tatahuicapan de Jua ́rez, 849 m, C.I. Carvajal &amp; M.J. Fragoso 797 (CIB); 15 Mar 2008, L H.  Bojórquez-Galván et al. 1939, 1946 (CIB)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/19E2209773565A98A0C63E75C328118A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
E90B352E7ECE57BA841E097AA650C2F5.text	E90B352E7ECE57BA841E097AA650C2F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia mirandae Vovides, Pérez-Farr. & Iglesias, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 137: 81. 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 20.  
Ceratozamia mirandae Vovides, 
Perez-Farr
. &amp; Iglesias, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 137: 81. 2001
</p>
            <p>Fig. 7G</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Villa Flores, Ejido La Sombra de la Selva, 880 m, 20 Sep 1997, J.  
De La Cruz 
Rodriguez 66 (lectotype, designated here: MEXU! [MEXU00934924, MEXU00934907, MEXU00934905])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-60 cm long, 20-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 3-8.0  × 1.5-4.0 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-50 (150), 46-242.5 cm long, ascending, brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 16-98 cm long, terete, linear, brown in mature leaves; with 11-46 thin prickles, 0.30-0.40 cm long. Rachis 26-144.5 cm long, terete, linear, brown to greenish brown in mature leaves, lower 2/3rds with prickles. Leaflets 28-94 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear to lanceolate, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, lightly involute, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 10-40  × 0.4-0.9 cm, 0.2-1.6 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.12-1.20 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 16-55 cm long, 4.0-7.7 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 5-11 cm long, 0.8-1.4 cm in diameter, pubescent, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.23-1.80  × 0.62-0.86 cm, elliptic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.62-0.81 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.17-0.39 cm long, 0.56-0.95 cm and an obtuse to acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 13.5-35 cm long, 7-12.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, glaucous green with reddish brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle with trichomes scarce, brownish, 4.5-12 cm long, 1.0-2.2 cm in diameter, erect; megasporophylls 42-72, 6-8 orthostichies with 7-10 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-3.0  × 2.8-6.1 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.29-1.47 cm long, 1.55-2.09 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 1.9-2.9 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm in diameter, spherical, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mirandae is widely distributed in Chiapas State, Mexico from "Tres Picos" hill and Sierra Morena to a mountain range in Mun. Jiquipilas (Fig. 20D); it occurs on karstic rocks with abundant organic material in oak forest and transitional oak forest between pine oak forest and cloud forest between 850 and 1,500 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This species was named in honor of Dr. Faustino Miranda for his untiring contributions to the flora of Chiapas (Vovides et al. 2001).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Amenduai (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1428; M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1261A),  Espadaña de cochi (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 26A), Peinetilla (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 37). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The mature seeds are used as food (U. Bachem C. &amp; R. Rojas 579).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia mirandae is listed as  “Endangered” under criteria C1. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mirandae is similar to  C. alvarezii . However, in  C. mirandae , the leaves and ovulate strobilus are larger at the population level than in  C. alvarezii , which is a more diminutive species overall. </p>
            <p> In the original publication of  C. mirandae , there were no isotypes cited, only the holotype in CHIP. Because no holotype of  C. mirandae has been found in CHIP, despite intensive searches, we designate the uncited isotype found in MEXU as the lectotype. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Jiquipilas , 1,170 m, 19 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2749-2759 (CIB); 1,015 m, 8 Mar 1995, J.J.  Castillo-Hernández 548 (CHIP); 1,170 m, 19 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1312-1316, 1318, 1320, 1321 (CIB), 1317 (CIB, MEXU), 1319 (CIB, MEXU); 1,270 m, 25 May 1995, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 465 (CHIP). Mun. Villa Corzo, 1,320 m, 12 Jul 2004, A.  Reyes-García et al. 7134 (MEXU); 1,500 m, 9 Feb 1972, D.E. Breedlove 23999 (MEXU, MO); 1,170 m, 16 Mar 1989, U. Bachem &amp; R. Rojas C. 579 (CHIP, MEXU, SLPM). Mun. Villaflores, 960 m, 6 Apr 1995, A.P. Vovides &amp; M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1261 (XAL); 1,157 m, 7 Jul 2004, D.  Álvarez 9809 (MEXU); 1,277 m, 25 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2854-2863 (CIB); 1,195 m, 20 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3208-3213 (CIB); 1,350 m, 21 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3215-3224 (CIB); 1,015 m, 5 Aug 1994, J.J.  Castillo-Hernández 230 (CIB, MEXU, USCG); 1,250 m, 5 Apr 1995, J.J.  Castillo-Hernández 595 (CHIP); 1,140 m, 6 Aug 2002, L. Alvarado C. et al. 368 (MEXU); 1,195 m, 20 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1808-1813 (CIB); 1,350 m, 21 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1814-1825 (CIB); 1,277 m, 25 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1428, 1429, 1431-1438 (CIB), 1430 (CIB, MEXU); 940 m, 22 Dec 1993, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera s/n (XAL), 26 (CHIP, XAL); 910 m, 28 Apr 1994, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 37 (CHIP, XAL); 1,460 m, 16 Sep 1994, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 126 (CHIP); 950 m, 12 Apr 1996, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1480 (CHIP). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E90B352E7ECE57BA841E097AA650C2F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
AF657135F53A5B7BBCCD310DF063E586.text	AF657135F53A5B7BBCCD310DF063E586.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia mixeorum Chemnick, T. J. Greg. & Salas-Mor., Phytologia 83 (1): 47 1998 (" 1997	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 21.  
Ceratozamia mixeorum Chemnick, T.J.Greg. &amp; Salas-Mor., Phytologia 83(1): 47 1998 (
"1997"
)
</p>
            <p>Fig. 7H</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca:  Cercanía a  Juquila Mixe , 1,737 m, 21 May 1997. J. Chemnick &amp; T. Gregory 49 (lectotype, designated by  Nicolalde-Morejón and  Avendaño 2011, pg. 1033: XAL! [XAL0065870])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-100 cm long, 18-25 cm in diameter, epigeous, decumbent. Cataphylls 1.8-4.6  × 1.9-4.3 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-17 (30), 85-246 cm long, descending, light green and glaucous at emergence with light brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 46-132 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 30-50 thin prickles, 0.20-0.38 cm long. Rachis 58-118 cm long, terete, linear, green to greenish in mature leaves, with scarce prickles. Leaflets 19-35 pairs, opposite to subopposite insertion in one plane, lanceolate, abaxially curved, rarely planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 24-39  × 1.9-2.9 cm, 1.7-3.0 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.6-1.0 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 22-30 cm long, 4.5-7 cm in diameter, generally solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, greenish at emergence with reddish trichomes, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 10-15 cm long, 1.2-2.0 cm in diameter, glabrous or with trichomes scarce reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.4-2.4  × 0.7-1.3 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.39-0.48 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.30-0.50 cm long, 0.50-0.93 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 23-32 cm long, 12-16 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, green with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, apiculate apex; peduncle 12-23.5 cm long, 1.3-2.1 cm in diameter, pendulous, glabrous or with scarce reddish brown trichomes; megasporophylls 60-112, 6-9 orthostichies with 10-14 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.4-2.8  × 4.0-5.1 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.90-1.1 cm long, 0.92-1.2 cm between horns and a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.2-3.0 cm long, 1.6-2.0 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mixeorum is endemic to the southern portion of Sierra Norte of Oaxaca State (Mexico), along the highlands in the Mixe area (Fig. 21A), where it occurs in karstic rocks of cloud and oak forests between 1,170 to 2,150 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet was named in honor of the Mixe people.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Oaxaca: Carrete (Chemnick et al. 1998).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The pollen strobilus is used as a toy (Chemnick et al. 1998).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia mixeorum is listed under criteria A2cd+4cd; B1ab(ii,iii,v) as  “Endangered” . </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mixeorum is similar to  C. whitelockiana , but has prickles on the rachis of the leaf and a densely prickly petiole (up to 50 prickles), ovulate strobili with long and pendulous pedunclse up to 23.5 cm long. The fertile portion of ovulate strobilus has 6-9 orthostichies and 10-14 sporophylls per orthostichy; in contrast to 4-5 orthostichies and 5-8 sporophylls per orthostichy in  C. whitelockiana . </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun. Guevea de Humboldt, 1,300 m, 30 Mar 1991, A. Campos 3614 (MEXU). Mun. San Juan Juquila Mixes, 1,605 m, 7 Apr 1995, E. Torres B. 563 (SERO, XAL); 1,595 m, 25 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3368 (CIB); 1,681 m, 25 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3369-3371 (CIB); 1,595 m, 25 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2001, 2002 (CIB); 1,681 m, 25 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2003 (CIB, MEXU), 2004-2006 (CIB). Mun. San Pedro Ocotepec, 8 Apr 1995, 1,600 m, E. Torres B. et al. 607 (XAL). Mun. Santa  María Guienagati, 1,200 m, 25 Jan 1996, M.  Cerón C. et al. 249 (MEXU, SERO, XAL). Mun. Santa  María Tepantlali, 1,728 m, 25 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3362-3367 (CIB); 2,147 m, 15 May 2011, G.  Juárez-García 3871 (MEXU); 1,728 m, 25 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1994-1995 (CIB, MEXU), 1996-2000 (CIB). Mun. Totontepec Villa de Morelos, 1,300 m, 7 Dec 1989, E.  Vargas-Ruíz 476 (MEXU); 1,900 m, 21 Apr 1986, J. Rivera-Reyes &amp; Gary J. Martin 246 (MEXU); 1,700 m, 15 Jul 1987, E.  Velasco-López &amp; G.J. Martin 60 (MEXU); 1,900 m, 6 Jan 1988, J. Rivera-Reyes &amp; G.J. Martin 920 (MEXU); 2,000 m, 16 Sep 1987, W.  Ruíz S. 46 (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF657135F53A5B7BBCCD310DF063E586	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
122290CE5CE35A3DB71C802B069282A4.text	122290CE5CE35A3DB71C802B069282A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia morettii Va ́ zq. Torres & Vovides, Novon 8 (1): 87. 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 22.  Ceratozamia morettii Vázq.Torres &amp; Vovides, Novon 8 (1): 87. 1998</p>
            <p>Figs 7I-J, 10A, C</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Landero y Coss, El Raicero, 4 km NE from  Landero y  Coss , 1,500 m, 7 Jan 1992, M. Va ́zquez-Torres &amp; H. Barney 4097 (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 22297UV]; isotypes: CIB! [acc. # 24578UV], MEXU [n.v.], XAL! [XAL0001061, XAL0001064]) </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-23 (50) cm long, 20-35 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4-6.5  × 3-3.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-30, 82-200 cm long, descending, light green at emergence, with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-90 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 8-60 thin prickles, 0.01-0.20 cm long. Rachis 50-116 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 10-23 pairs, opposite to subopposite, oblong, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, coriaceous, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, and with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 17.5-41  × 2.6-4.3 cm wide, 2.1-6 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.6 cm wide, green and yellow. Pollen strobili 12-22 (35.5) cm long, 3.8-5.2 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, brownish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with blackish pubescent at maturity; peduncle 3-7 (12.5) cm long, 1.1-1.6 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.0-2.0  × 0.9-1.15 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.37-0.75 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.15-0.53 cm long, 0.47-0.92 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 14-20 cm long, 8-9.9 cm in diameter, solitary, globose, erect, yellowish green with brown trichomes at emergence, green with blackish trichomes at maturity and with apiculate apex; peduncle 4-7 cm long, 1.2-1.8 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 35-81 (108), 7-10 orthostichies with 5-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.7-2.6  × 3.0-4.5 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.32-0.69 cm long, 1.05-1.6 cm between horns and a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.5-2.3 cm, 1-1.6 cm in diameter, ovate and globose, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia morettii is endemic to the Sierra de Chiconquiaco in Veracruz State, Mexico (Fig. 21B), here it occurs in cloud forest on karstic rocks and cliffs between 1,150-1,850 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet honors the Italian botantist Aldo Moretti from the Orto Botanico and Istituto di Biologia Vegetale at the University of Naples Federico II, in recognition of his scientific contributions to cycad biology (  Vázquez-Torres et al. 1998). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: Palmita (J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1663), palmilla (J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1676).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>Leaves are used in flower arrangements to decorate the homes during religious rites (Fig. 28A).</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia morettii has been listed as  “Endangered” under criteria B1ab(i,iv,v)+2ab(i,iv,v). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> In leaf morphology,  Ceratozamia morettii is morphologically similar to  C. delucana ; however, there are differences in the total size of the plant and in its reproductive structures. The microsporophyll horns of  C. morettii form an acute angle, whereas those of  C. delucana form a right angle. The ovulate strobilus in  C. morettii is green with blackish trichomes at maturity and an apiculate apex. In contrast, in  C. delucana , the ovulate strobilus is green and glabrous at maturity with an acute apex. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Chiconquiaco , 1,700 m, 5 Sep 1981, A.P. Vovides 687 (XAL); 1,850 m, 18 Dec 1981, A.P. Vovides 704 (XAL); Sep 1829, C.J.W. Schiede s/n (XAL); 1,598 m, 17 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3318 - 3322 (CIB); 26 Nov 1974, J. Rees 6336 (IEB); 1,700 m, 5 Jun 2018, L. Lagunes G. 83, 84, 85, 86 (CIB); 1,600 m, 26 Apr 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1280 - 1290 (CIB); 1,700 m, 3 Dec 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1567, 1568 (CIB); 1,500 m, 15 Mar 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1660, 1661 (CIB); 1,550 m, 26 Mar 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1680, 1681 (CIB); 1,598 m, 17 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1931-1934, 1936 (CIB), 1935 (CIB, MEXU). Mun. Landero y Coss, 1,750 m, 1 Jan 1976, J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1662 - 1664 (XAL); 1,750 m, 23 Sep 1976, J. Rees &amp; A.P. Vovides 1676 (XAL); 1,830 m, 3 Mar 2011, L.H.  Bojórquez G. et al. 23101-2316 (CIB); 1,472 m, 29 Jan 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 185 - 214 (CIB); 1,765 M, 22 Apr 2008, M.  Vázquez-Torres et al. 8349 (CIB); 3 Mar 2001, S.  Avendaño 5378 (MEXU); 1,520 m, 10 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-01-E (XAL). Mun.  Tenochtitlán , 1,500 m, 10 Apr 2002, A.  Rincón G. et al. 2996, 2997 (XAL); 1,500 m, 12 Apr 2002, A.  Rincón G. et al. 2998 (XAL). Mun. Yecuatla, 1,400 m, 26 May 1981, C.  Gutiérrez B. &amp; A. Montoya L. 134 (MO, XAL); 1,211 m, 28 Sep 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2087 - 2106 (CIB); 1, 200 m, 26 Sep 1976, J. Rees 1677 (XAL); 1,211 m, 9 Aug 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 161 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/122290CE5CE35A3DB71C802B069282A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
9CBD0D5C557252D3953F80AA0BABEA34.text	9CBD0D5C557252D3953F80AA0BABEA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia norstogii D. W. Stev., Brittonia 34: 181. 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 23.  Ceratozamia norstogii D.W.Stev., Brittonia 34: 181. 1982</p>
            <p>Fig. 27A</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Rancho Fenia, Mar-Apr 1925, C. Purpus 6 ♀ (holotype: NY! [00001116]; isotypes: F! [acc. # 1530231], MO!, US! [00620294]). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-60 cm long, 20-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 4.5-6  × 2.5-6.4 cm wide at the base, persistent, long triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 5-48, 50-126 cm long, ascending, copperish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 10-49 cm long, terete, twisted, copperish with abundant greyish trichomes in young leaves, copperish and glabrous in mature leaves; with 30-60 robust prickles, 0.11-0.31 cm long. Rachis 40-88 cm long, terete, twisted, copperish with abundant greyish trichomes in young leaves, copperish and glabrous in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 33-91 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion irregular to in one plane, linear, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate to basally falcate, coriaceous, strongly involute to caniculate, green with yellowish green base and with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acute and symmetric at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 14-48  × 0.21-0.46 cm, 0.2-1.3 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.08-0.66 cm wide, yellowish. Pollen strobili 13.2-25 cm long, 3.1-8 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, brown with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish green to cream at maturity; peduncle 2.0-5.5 cm long, 1.3-2.3 cm in diameter, tomentose, brown; microsporophylls 0.92-1.16  × 0.86-0.1.1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.36-0.45 cm long and orbicular with straight horns 0.07-0.13 cm long, 0.35-0.56 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 21-35 cm long, 8.5-10.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, grayish green with abundant blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 4.8-9 cm long, 1.8-2.2 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 42-63, 6-7 orthostichies with 7-9 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.6-3.0  × 3.6-4.0 cm, with a truncated distal face, horns straight and 0.37-0.58 cm long, 0.37-0.42 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.0-3.5 cm long, 1.1-1.9 cm in diameter ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia norstogii is distributed in mountainous regions in Chiapas and Oaxaca States, Mexico (Fig. 21C), where it occurs on karstic rocks in pine-oak forest and the transition between pine forest and oak forest between 800-1,650 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This species was named in honor of Knut Norstog, for his extensive and significant contributions to cycad biology (Stevenson 1982).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021). The currect category of threat to  Ceratozamia norstogii is  “Endangered” under criteria A2abd; B1ab(iii,iv,v); C1. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia norstogii is easily diagnosable by its petiole and raquis twisted. The linear leaflets are coriaceous, strongly involute and appear caniculate and have an acute apex. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas:  Mun. Cintalapa , 1,100 m, 19 Mar 1993, A.P. Vovides et al. 1230, 1231, 1233, 1235 (XAL);   1,600 m, 3 Nov 1971, D.E.  Breedlove 21813 (MEXU, MO)  ;   1,600 m, 21 Apr 1972, D.E.  Breedlove 24709 (MO)  ;   1,600 m, 12 Oct 1979, D.E.  Breedlove 44431 (MEXU)  ;   800 m, 4 May 1988, E.  Palacios E. 375 (CHIP, IBUG)  ;   1,240 m, 6 Jun 1993, E.  Palacios E. 2155 (CHIP)  ;   1,280 m, 22 May 2001, J.M.  Lázaro-Zermeño 251 (CHIP)  ;   1,038 m, 20 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2762-2770 (CIB)  ;   1,325 m, 20 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2771-2780 (CIB)  ; 1,038 m, 20 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1326 - 1334 (CIB), 1335 (CIB, MEXU);   1,325 m, 20 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1337 - 1349 (CIB)  ;   1,100 m, 5 Oct 1995, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 775 (CH, CIB, XAL)  ;   5 Dec 1996, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1483 (HEM). Oaxaca:  Mun. San Miguel Chimalapa ,   1,120 m, 1 Apr 1996, S. Salas-Morales et al. 1173 (SERO, XAL).  Mun. Santo Domingo Zanatepec ,   800 m, 22 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2819-2828 (CIB)  ; 800 m, 22 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1380, 1381, 1383, 1386, 1389-1391, 1394, 1396, 1399 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CBD0D5C557252D3953F80AA0BABEA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
2644CF65A3C5560F907C3AA4FF9B52EF.text	2644CF65A3C5560F907C3AA4FF9B52EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia oliversacksii D. W. Stev., Mart. - Domínguez & Nic. - Mor., Kew Bull. 77: 212. 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 24.  
Ceratozamia oliversacksii D.W.Stev., Mart.- 
Dominguez
&amp; Nic.-Mor., Kew Bull. 77: 212. 2022
</p>
            <p>Fig. 27B</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca: Mun. Candelaria Loxicha,  Cerro Perico , 1,616 m, 10 Jun 2021, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez et al. 2261 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 23411UV]; isotypes: K!, MEXU!, NY!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-80 cm long, 10-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, decumbent. Cataphylls 6.5-7.5  × 1.6-2.0 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 7-36 (50), 124-258 cm long, descending, green at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 45-110 cm long, terete, linear, green at emergence, dark green in mature leaves; with 40-65 thin prickles, 0.50-0.70 cm long. Rachis 85-182 cm long, terete, linear, dark green in mature leaves with prickles. Leaflets 24-47 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical (rarely asymmetrical) at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 25-40  × 2.3-3.6 cm, 2.0-3.3 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.1 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 20-35 cm long, 3.0-5.7 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish with reddish trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 10-15 cm long, 1.2-1.8 cm in diameter, pubescent, reddish brown; microsporophylls 2.5-2.75  × 0.99-1.28 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.60-0.80 cm long and a rounded with straight horns 0.08-0.18 cm long, 0.50-0.70 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 33-36 cm long, 11.5-14 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow with few reddish trichomes at emergence, green with brown to reddish brown trichomes or glabrous at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 8.0-10.0 cm long, 1.4-1.6 cm in diameter, erect, pubescent, light brown; megasporophylls 80-210, 9-10 orthostichies with 11-13 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.3-2.9  × 3.9-5.0 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.31-0.53 cm long, 1.33-1.40 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.45-2.65 cm long, 1.4-1.6 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia oliversacksii occurs along the Eastern Sierra Madre del Sur in the Oaxacan Highlands, Mexico (Fig. 21D), it is found on karstic rocks with abundant organic matter in cloud forest and the transition zone between it and pine forest between 1,040 to 1,850 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet honors Oliver Sacks, who loved cycads and was a distinguished American neurologist and historian of science. Sacks published Island of the Color Blind and Cycad Island (Sacks 1997) and Oaxaca Journal (Sacks 2002) (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2022b). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia oliversacksii should be listed as "Vulnerable (V)". We visited four populations in Oaxaca in which each population size was between 50 to 300 adult plants. We observed different age classes from seedling to reproductive individuals. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia oliversacksii is similar to  C. robusta and  C. leptoceras but is characterized by green leaves at emergence and the combination of linear and papyraceous leaflets. The ovulate strobili have 11 to 13 sporophylls per orthostichies and an acute apex, acute horns of megasporophylls up to 0.53 cm long, and microsporophylls with a rounded distal face and straight horns. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca:  Mun. Candelaria Loxicha , 1,380 m, 3 May 2005, A.  Luna-José &amp; B.  Rendón-Aguilar 1472, 1473 (XAL); 1,630 m, 23 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3231-3243 (CIB); 1,630 m, 23 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1832-1839 (CIB), 1840 (CIB, MEXU); 1,418 m, 20 April 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2160, 2161 (CIB);   1,616 m, 10 Jun 2021, M.  Rios-Méndez et al. 105 (CIB).  
Mun. San 
Agustin
Loxicha
 , 1,760 m, 12 Oct 2003, A.  Luna-José &amp; B.  Rendón-Aguilar 5 18 (XAL); 1,400 m, 23 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3229, 3230 (CIB);   1,400 m, 23 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1829-1831 (CIB).  Mun. Santa Catarina Juquila , 1,850 m, 13 Apr 1965, J. Rzedowski 1 9557 (ENCB); 1,450 -1,700   m, 11 Feb 1965, R. McVaugh 22346 (ENCB; MICH).  Mun. San Miguel del Puerto , 1,060 m, 25 Jun 2019, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 3244-3249 (CIB); 1,430 m, 17 Apr 2000, J. Rivera H. et al. 2378 (FCME, SERO); 1,060 m, 25 Jun 2019, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 1847-1849, 1851, 1852 (CIB), 1850 (CIB, MEXU); 1,040 m, 1 Apr 2003, L. Schibli et al. 152 (SERO). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2644CF65A3C5560F907C3AA4FF9B52EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
FEC37F523E7B59B2818B8BA674999F43.text	FEC37F523E7B59B2818B8BA674999F43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia osbornei D. W. Stev., Mart. - Domínguez & Nic. - Mor. 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 25.  
Ceratozamia osbornei D.W.Stev., Mart.- 
Dominguez
&amp; Nic.-Mor.
 sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 5, 6</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Similar to  Ceratozamia robusta and  C. subroseophylla , but distinguished by characters of reproductive structures. It has megasporophylls with abundant purple to wine-colored trichomes, ovulate strobili with an acuminate apex and up to 12 orthostichies with 31 sporophylls per orthostichy and pollen strobili with a long infertile portion from 0.65 to 0.80 cm long. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  BELIZE. Toledo: Southwestern Maya Mountains,  Columbia River Forest Reserve , Union Camp. 6 Apr 1992, B.K. Holst 4105 (holotype: NY! [01340569]; isotype: MO! [acc. # 04661737, 04661738])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-200 cm long, 20-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, generally decumbent. Cataphylls 5.5-8  × 2-3 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 12-50, 90-300 cm long, ascending, brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 75-100 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown or dark brown at emergence, green in mature leaves; with 20-40 robust prickles, 0.20-0.45 cm long. Rachis 90-200 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown or dark brown at emergence, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 26-51 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, dark green, adaxial side glabrous, abaxial side glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetric at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 30-45  × 2.5-4.0 cm, 1.7-5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.9-1.6 cm wide, brown in young leaves and green in mature leaves. Pollen strobili 60-80 cm long, 7-9 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with wine trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow at maturity with wine to purple trichomes; peduncle 7-11 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, tomentose, brown; microsporophylls 2.0-3.3  × 1.1-1.85 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.65-0.80 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.20-0.29 cm long, 0.55-0.75 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 30-50 cm long, 9-14 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with abundant wine to dark purple trichomes at emergence, green with abundant dark purple trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 12-20 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, reddish brown; megasporophylls 108-280, 9-12 orthostichies with 12-31 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.8-2.3  × 2.3-4.1 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.36-0.50 cm long, 0.90-1.35 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 3.0-4.5 cm long, 2.0-3.0 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia osbornei is endemic to Belize (Fig. 22A), where it occurs in evergreen tropical forest on karstic rocks with abundant organic matter between 200 and 750 m elevation. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet honors Roy Osborne in recognition of his remarkable contributions to the knowledge of the cycad diversity in the world. In particular, he has actively participated in the project "The World List of Cycads" since its inception (https://www.cycadlist.org).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p>There is insufficient data for evaluation, but it is known that some populations have more than 100 plants.</p>
            <p>Paratypes.</p>
            <p>BELIZE. Cayo: 19 Aug 2008, M. Calonje et al. BZ08-042 (FTG); 20 Aug 2008, M. Calonje et al. BZ08-056 (FTG); 25 Feb 1992, C. Hubbuch et al. (FTG); 6 Apr 1971, S. Kiem s.n. [027932] (FTG); Spring, 1973, S. Kiem s.n. [027929] (FTG); 550 m, 4 Aug 1980, Sutton et al. 15 (MEXU, MO); 455 m, 12 Dec 1996, T. Hawkins 1186 (NY, MO). Toledo: 750 m, 15 May 1979, C. Whitefoord 1764 (BM); 800-1,200 m, 23-27 Apr 1976, G.R. Proctor 35985 (BM, MO).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEC37F523E7B59B2818B8BA674999F43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
41F0AD37EA8F5A45B4270E4722B73AC4.text	41F0AD37EA8F5A45B4270E4722B73AC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia robusta Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1: 42. 1847	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 26.  Ceratozamia robusta Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1: 42. 1847</p>
            <p>Fig. 27C</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. robusta (Miq.) Dyer, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 193. 1884. Type. Based on:  Ceratozamia robusta Miq. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: NW of Tuxtla  Gutiérrez on road through  San Fernando 23.5 km from route 190, 1,000 m, 9 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson 549A (neotype, designated by Stevenson and Sabato 1986, pg. 581: NY! [00001119])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-100 cm long, 20-40 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 5.0-9.0  × 3.5-7.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, long triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 10-50, 138-266 cm long, ascending, dark brown at emergence, green and glabrous at maturity. Petiole 56-85 cm long, terete, linear, brown in young leaves, green in mature leaves; with 27-55 robust prickles, 0.48-0.70 cm long. Rachis 60-190 cm long, terete, linear, brown in young leaves, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 20-45 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 28-42  × 2.5-4.0 cm, 3.0-4.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.2-0.8 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 50-70 cm long, 7.0-8.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, light green to yellowish green with blackish trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 10-15 cm long, 2.5-3.2 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 2.33-3.0  × 1.14-1.90 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.45-0.65 cm long and rounded with curved horns 0.26-0.40 cm long, 0.55-0.75 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 26-40 cm long, 11-14.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, dark green at emergence, dark green with scarce blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 5.0-11.0 cm long, 2.5-4.0 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, reddish brown; megasporophylls 153-280, 8-14 orthostichies with 17-20 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.7-2.5  × 2.3-3.5 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.38-0.50 cm long, 1.35-1.60 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.5-3.5 cm long, 1.9-2.5 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia robusta is widely distributed in Chiapas State, Mexico and northern Guatemala (Fig. 22B). It occurs in evergreen tropical forest between 400 to 1,300 m on karstic rocks with humus soil. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The epithet is derived from the robust appearance of the species.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Amendu (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 30),  piña del tlacoache (A.P. Vovides &amp; J.I. Calzada 481). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The seeds are used as food, and the leaves to decorate altars.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia robusta is listed as  “Endangered” under criteria A2acd. This species has a wide distribution, but some populations previously considered to be part of this entity have been assigned to described species durint the last ten years. Therefore, a reassessment of its conservation status is required. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia robusta is similar to  C. subroseophylla and distinguished by its dark green ovulate strobilus with sparse blackish trichomes on megasporophylls at maturity, prominent distal face, straight horns with a right angle between them, differentiating it easily from  C. subroseophylla . The pollen strobilus of  C. robusta is the largest in the genus (up to 70 cm long). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Guatemala. Alta Verapaz: 200 m, 13 Jul 2002 , S.  Hernández 757 (MO); 1,800 -2,000 m, 27 Feb 1939, C.L. Wilson 262 (F); 300-500 m, 17 Apr 1942,  J.A. Steyermark 45734 (US); 879 m, 15 Mar 2008 ,   M.  Véliz et al. 19998 (BIGU). Huehuetenango: 2,000 m, 10 Sep 1942  ,  J.A. Steyermark 52046 (NY, US); 1,150 m, 26 Jul 1943 , J.A. Steyermark 49506 (F; MO; NY); 400 m, 27 Jul 1942, J.A. Steyermark 49682 (NY); 900- 1,300 m, 3 Sep 1942,  J.A. Steyermark 51818 (F; NY; US); 900- 1,000 m, 6 Mar 2009 , M.J.M. Christenhusz et al. 5600 (MO); 1,161 m, 21 Dec 2010, L.  Vélasquez et al. 1566 (BIGU).   Mexico. Chiapas:  
Mun. 
Berriozabal , 1,129 m, 6 Mar 2014  , F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1970-1975 (CIB); 1,129 m, 6 Mar 2014,   L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 41-47, 49, 50 (CIB), 48 (CIB, MEXU). Mun.  Copainalá , 1,100 m, M.  Gutiérrez &amp; T. Acero 240 (CHIP).  Mun. Ocosingo , 900 m, 16 Mar 1981  ,   A.P. Vovides &amp; J.I.  Calzada 481 (XAL); 14 Apr 1967  , D.E. Breedlove 15687 (ENCB); 700 m, 18 Apr 1985, E.  Martínez S. 12067 (MEXU); 860 m, 24 Feb 1984,   J.  García F. 720 (CH, CIB, XAL).  Mun. Ocozocoautla de Espinosa , 818 m, 11 Nov 1997  ,   R.  Álvarez G. 6 (CHIP).  Mun. Osumacinta , 692, 18 Jul 2008  ,   R. Gallegos Ramos 211 (CHIP).  Mun. San Fernando , 680 m, 29 Apr 1995  ,   A.P. Vovides &amp; M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1266ª (XAL); 22 Sep 1993  , Brigada T. Walters s/n (XAL); 9 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson et al. 549 B - F (NY); 1,000 m, 9 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson et al. 550 A-C (NY), 24 Apr 1999, M.A. Isidro V. 388 (CHIP); 29 Apr 1995, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 293 (MEXU); 12 Jun 2009, N.  Martínez-Meléndez 2692 (MEXU); 1,200 m, 5 Dec 2000, R.A.   Palestina &amp; I. Acosta 2707 (XAL).  
Mun. Tuxtla 
Gutierrez , 1,235 m, 19 Mar 1994  ,   M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 30 (CH, MEXU, XAL); 1,200 m, 1 Nov 1995  , M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 820 (CHIP). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41F0AD37EA8F5A45B4270E4722B73AC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
9879DB964EA45F99BF7171F4AF270807.text	9879DB964EA45F99BF7171F4AF270807.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia sabatoi Vovides, Vázq. Torres, Schutzman & Iglesias, Novon 3 (4): 502. 1993	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 27.  
Ceratozamia sabatoi Vovides, 
Vazq
.Torres, Schutzman &amp; Iglesias, Novon 3 (4): 502. 1993
</p>
            <p>Figs 1A, 27D</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico.  Querétaro : Mun. San  Joaquín , La Mojonera, 2 km on road San  Joaquín-El Aguacate , 1,850 m, 15 Apr 1991, A.P. Vovides &amp; P. Fawcett 1205 ♀ (holotype: XAL! [XAL0005310])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 8-30 cm long, 20-35 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 3-4.5  × 2-3.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-40, 60-129 cm long, descending, dark brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 20-60 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown in mature leaves; with 5-40 thin prickles, 0.02-0.19 cm long. Rachis 40-92 cm long, terete, linear, brown in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 26-54 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 13-32  × 0.6-1.5 cm, 0.5-1.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.3-0.7 cm wide, brown. Pollen strobili 11-18 cm long, 3.5-4.8 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 7-13 cm long, 1.1-1.9 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.0-1.9  × 0.85-1.90 cm, discoid with a recurved downward distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.33-0.43 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.06-0.20 cm long, 0.30-0.71 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 14-19.5 cm long, 5.5-8.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with brown trichomes at emergence, blue green with blackish trichomes at maturity, apiculate apex; peduncle 3.5-7 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 72-110, 8-10 orthostichies with 9-11 sporophylls per orthostichy, 3.5-5  × 3.8-4.5 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.28-0.40 cm long, 1.2-1.6 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.2-2.0 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia sabatoi is endemic to the Sierra Gorda mountain range in Mexico, particularly in  Querétaro and Hidalgo States (Fig. 22C), where it occurs in the understory herbaceous layer of the transition zone between oak forest and cloud forest at 1,600-1,900 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet honors Sergio Sabato, a distinguished professor at the University of Naples Federico II for his outstanding contributions to knowledge of the biology of  Zamiaceae (Vovides et al. 1993). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia sabatoi is listed as  “Endangered” under criteria A2c; B1ab(i,ii,iv)+2ab(i,ii,iv); C1. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia sabatoi differs from all  Ceratozamia species by its microsporophylls with a recurved downward distal face. In addition, this species differs from  C. kuesteriana by its flat leaflets and descending leaves. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Hidalgo:  Mun. Jacala de Ledezma , 1,725 m, 16 Aug 2007, A. Frias-Castro et al. 578 (IBUG);   1,500 m, 29 Oct 1946, H.E. Moore, Jr. 1788 (CHAPA).  
Mun. 
Zimapan , 2,000 m, 2 Jun 1989, M.  Vázquez-Torres &amp; J.P. Sclavo 4035 (CIB); 1,235 m, 22 May 2003, R. Contreras-Medina 55, 56 (XAL); 1,900 m, 13 Sep 1981, R. Fernandez-Nava 6561 (MEXU, MO, XAL).   Querétaro :  Mun. Cadereyta de Montes , 1,850 m, 15 Apr 1991, A.P. Vovides &amp; K. Norstog 1193 (XAL); A.P. Vovides et al. 1196 - 1199 (XAL), 1203 (MEXU, XAL);   1,850 m, 15 Apr 1991,); A.P.  Vovides 1201, 1205 (XAL)  ; 1,924 m, 28 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2169, 2170 (CIB); 1,924 m, 28 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 313 - 343 (CIB); 29 Mar 1995, R.  Fernández-Nava s/n (MEXU);   7 Dec 1990, R.  Zirahuén-Ortega V. 328 (MEXU).  Mun. Landa de Matamoros ,   1,439 m, 12 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-05-A, B (XAL).  Mun. Pinal de Amoles ,   1,760 m, 17 Sep 2001, E. Carranza G. &amp; I.  Silva 6254 (MO)  ; 1,678 m, 29 Mar 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2171, 2172 (CIB); 1,678 m, 29 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 344 - 372 (CIB); 1,700 m, 11 Dec 1988, Rzedowski s/n (XAL); 1,650 m, 4 Apr 1987, R.  Fernández N. 3819 (ENCB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9879DB964EA45F99BF7171F4AF270807	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
D6B2659E41365AE9845F17DCED907646.text	D6B2659E41365AE9845F17DCED907646.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia sancheziae Pérez-Farr., Gut. Ortega & Vovides, Phytotaxa 500 (3): 209. 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 28.  
Ceratozamia sancheziae 
Perez-Farr
., Gut.Ortega &amp; Vovides, Phytotaxa 500 (3): 209. 2021
</p>
            <p>Figs 9A, 12A, 23 D-F</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Tenejapa, 1,500 m, 16 May 2017, M.A. Pe ́rez Farrera 3558 ♀ (holotype: HEM [n.v.]; isotypes: MEXU [n.v.], XAL [n.v.]) . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 8-30 cm long, 10-20 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 2.5-5.8  × 1.3-5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 4-12 (20), 100-232.5 cm long, descending, green or brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 40-134.5 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown or green in mature leaves; unarmed or with prickles 2-28 thin, 0.05-0.34 cm long. Rachis 55-120 cm long, terete, linear, brown or green in mature leaves, unarmed or with scarce prickles. Leaflets 20-35 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, in general longitudinally planar, not basally falcate (sometimes basally falcate), papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 22-36  × 1.7-3.0 cm, 1.4-3.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.55-1.1 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 15-20 cm long, 1.8-3.2 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, light green at emergence, green with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 6-10 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 0.88-1.2  × 0.65-0.80 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.32-0.40 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.10-0.20 cm long, 0.63-0.70 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 12-25 cm long, 7.0-8.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green at emergence, green with scarce blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 5.0-11 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 35-100, 7-10 orthostichies with 5-10 sporophylls per orthostichy, 0.9-1.2  × 3.5-4 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns curved to straight and 0.50-0.73 cm long, 1.2-1.4 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 1.9-2.3 cm long, 1.4-1.5 cm in diameter, globose, sarcotesta whitish yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia sancheziae is endemic to Chiapas State, Mexico (Fig. 22D), where it occurs in oak forest and pine-oak forest between 1,000-1,536 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This species was named in honor of  María Ydelia  Sánchez-Tinoco , for contributions to our knowledge of the anatomy of Mexican cycad seeds (  Gutiérrez-Ortega et al. 2021). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The community in Tenejapa use the leaves of this species for ornaments in traditional community festivities.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia sancheziae could be included as  “Endangered” (EN) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on the number of populations, which have between 70 to 250 adult plants. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia sancheziae is geographically close to  C. robusta , but differs from it by its linear leaflets, leaves at emergence that are light green or reddish brown with a glaucous appearance, and ovulate strobili with curved to straight horns up to 0.73 cm long. </p>
            <p> Here, we have recircumscribed and clarified the taxonomic identity of  Ceratozamia sancheziae . In the description of this species, the authors mentioned Petalcingo as a municipality, but this is a locality that corresponds to Tila municipality in Chiapas (c.f.  Gutiérrez-Ortega et al. 2021). The distribution range for this species was considered to extend from Tenajapa municipality in Chiapas to the mountain area close to the border with the State of Tabasco (  Gutiérrez-Ortega et al. 2021). However, we found specimens from  Yajalón of Chiapas (M.A.  Pérez Farrera 1635 from XAL) that do not correspond to the species description (Suppl. material 2). We carried out fieldwork and collected botanical material at the population level in the surroundings of  Yajalón , Tila, Altamirano and Tenejapa. Based on the revision of herbarium specimens and the botanical material collected by us, we recircumscribed the populations for  Ceratozamia in this region into two species:  C. sancheziae and  C. zoquorum . One diagnostic character for  C. sancheziae is oblanceolate leaflets when juvenile, but we found in the field juveniles with linear leaflets only (  Gutiérrez-Ortega et al. 2021: 2009; Fig. 23D). Furthermore, we did not find populations near  Yajalón or Tila that correspond to  C. sancheziae . The paratypes cited from  Yajalón (  Méndez Ton 5498, 5722 both MEXU) have some vegetative characters that do not correspond with the species description; however, these could be part of the overall species variation of  C. sancheziae . Considering that sympatry is possible in this genus and that there is broad variation in  C. zoquorum , research at population level with reproductive structures and molecular variation could clarify what species is represented by these plants collected near  Yajalón . In addition, we have extended the range for  C. sancheziae to the south of Chiapas (i.e., populations from Altamirano municipality). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Altamirano , 1,215 m, 16 Jul 2021, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3691-3697 (CIB); 1,215 m, 16 Jul 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2318-2325 (CIB); 1,210 m, 28 Nov 1996, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 1468 (CHIP);   1,200 m, 18 May 1993, M.  González-Espinosa et al., 1973 (CH)  . Mun. Tenejapa, 1,000 m, 5 Jun 1972, D.E. Breedlove 25506 (MEXU); 1,536 m, 15 Jul 2021, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3683-3690 (CIB); 1,536 m, 15 Jul 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2310-2317 (CIB). Mun.  Yajalón , 1,434 m, 26 Aug 2015, F.  Hernández-Najarro 4382 (CHIP). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6B2659E41365AE9845F17DCED907646	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
40FB50ED8EC05A09B4FC8A8E6D0AC781.text	40FB50ED8EC05A09B4FC8A8E6D0AC781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia santillanii Pe ́ rez-Farr. & Vovides, Syst. Biodivers. 7 (4): 435. 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 29.  Ceratozamia santillanii Pérez-Farr. &amp; Vovides, Syst. Biodivers. 7 (4): 435. 2009</p>
            <p>Figs 1B, 27E</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Berriozábal, road Berrioza ́bal-El  Cairo , 15 Oct 2004, M.A. Pe ́rez Farrera 3030 ♀ (holotype: HEM! [HEM020981]; isotypes: XAL! [XAL0005415], MEXU [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-50 cm long, 11-13 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-4.5  × 1.7-4 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, with apex partiality glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-3, 50.5-79.3 cm long, descending, light green and glaucous at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, green and glabrous at maturity. Petiole 23.5-45 cm long, terete, linear, yellowish green green in mature leaves; with 4-15 thin prickles, 0.05-0.15 cm long or unarmed. Rachis 23-40 cm long, terete, linear, yellowish green green at emergence, yellowish green in mature leaves, unarmed to armed with prickles. Leaflets 6-12 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, not basally falcate to basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and asymmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 17.4-30.6  × 4.2-6.5 cm, 3.5-7.1cm between leaflets; articulations 0.7-1.1 cm wide, yellow. Pollen strobili 15-20 cm long, 1.5-3.0 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, yellow-cream with blackish at maturity; peduncle 2-4 cm long, 1.0-1.3 cm in diameter, scarce pubescent, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.2-2  × 0.5-1 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.34-0.37 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.20-0.25 cm long, 0.50-0.65 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 12-20 cm long, 7-9 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, green with scarce blackish trichomes at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 2-3 cm long, 0.9-1.3 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 21-56, 7-8 orthostichies with 3-7 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.3-2.2  × 1.5-2.2 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.60-0.80 cm long, 1.65-1.90 cm between horns with an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.2-2.4 cm long, 1.8-2.0 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia santillanii is endemic to the northern highlands of Chiapas State, Mexico and only known from the type locality in the municipality of Berriozábal (Fig. 24A), where it was collected in evergreen tropical rain forest on karstic rocks at 800-900 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet was assigned in honor of Professor Trinidad Alemán Santillán in recognition of his academic accomplishments in the training of young biologists in botany and ecology (  Pérez-Farrera et al. 2009). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> According to IUCN criteria  Ceratozamia santillanii should be listed as "Critically Endangered" (CR). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia santillanii belongs to a cryptic taxonomic group with  C. zoquorum and  C. becerrae , which is characterized by oblong and coriaceous leaflets with an acuminate and asymmetric apex.  C. santillanii is easily distinguished from the other taxa in this complex with internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal (nrITS) (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017c), and peduncle of ovulate strobilus 3 cm long or shorter. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas:  Known only from the type locality. 15 Oct 2004, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 2944 (HEM)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/40FB50ED8EC05A09B4FC8A8E6D0AC781	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
C00E8546A3555D3CA569ECB311880B43.text	C00E8546A3555D3CA569ECB311880B43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia subroseophylla Mart. - Domi ́ nguez & Nic. - Mor., Phytotaxa 268 (1): 35. 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 30.  Ceratozamia subroseophylla Mart.-Domínguez &amp; Nic.-Mor., Phytotaxa 268(1): 35. 2016</p>
            <p>Figs 12D, 25, 26</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia dominguezii Pérez-Farr . &amp; Gut.Ortega, Taxonomy 1: 353. 2021. Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Uxpanapa, 130 m, 29 May 2021, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 4013 (holotype: HEM [n.v]; isotypes: MEXU [n.v], XAL [n.v]). </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Santiago Tuxtla, hill in front  Sinapán , 425 m, 15 Jul 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez 158 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 16893UV]; isotypes: MEXU! [MEXU01446538-MEXU01446542], NY!)  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 30-250 (500) cm long, 18-45 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 5-7  × 2-2.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 10-83, 72-370 cm long, ascending, yellowish brown at emergence, with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 50-150 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown or dark brown at emergence, green in mature leaves; with 25-55 robust prickles, 0.40-0.85 cm long. Rachis 80-255 cm long, terete, linear, greenish brown or dark brown at emergence, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 23-48 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, abaxially curved longitudinally along distal half, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, dark green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 18-45  × 2.5-4 cm, 1.7-6.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.7-1.9 cm wide, brown in young leaves and green in mature leaves. Pollen strobili 15-30 cm long, 3.1-5.4 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with reddish trichomes at emergence, greenish yellow at maturity with dark brown trichomes; peduncle 9.5-19 cm long, 1.5-2.7 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown; microsporophylls 1.47-2.8  × 1.01-1.4 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.49-0.65 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.20-0.30 cm long, 0.48-0.53 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 15.5-40 cm long, 7-11.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellow with reddish to purple trichomes at emergence, green and megasporophylls with base pale pink and dark brown to reddish brown trichomes at maturity, mucronate apex; peduncle 9.8-17.5 cm long, 1.8-2.3 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 110-210, 9-12 orthostichies with 11-20 sporophylls orthostichy, 1.8-2.5  × 2.5-4.47 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight 0.34-1.0 cm long and 0.70-1.40 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.9-3.8 cm long, 0.80-1.75 cm in diameter ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia subroseophylla occurs from southeastern Veracruz State to Tabasco State, Mexico including the montane zone of the region Santiago Tuxtla and Uxpanapa (Fig. 24B). It occurs on soils of volcanic origin and karstic rocks in evergreen tropical rain forest between 111 and 1,050 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet efers to the rosaceous (i.e., pale pink) color at the base of megasporophylls.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>Mexico. Veracruz: Hymniom pekmuk (Popoluca ethnic group) (Leonti 542).</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>The stem is boiled to make medicinal tea to treat kidney stones (Leonti 542).</p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia subroseophylla has several populations throughout its distribution range, but anthropogenic land-use changes affect the populations of Veracruz and Tabasco. According to the IUCN Red List criteria, we recommend  “Endangered” (EN) for this species. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia subroseophylla is distinguished from  C. leptoceras and  C. oliversacksii by its green-brownish petiole and rachis with abundant and robust prickles, and its lanceolate and papyraceous leaflets (Fig. 25). In addition,  C. subroseophylla has affinity with  C. robusta , but it is easily identified by the ovulate strobilus which has mucronate apex, rosaceous base of megasporophylls rosaceous with dark brown to reddish brown trichomes at maturity (Fig. 26). </p>
            <p> Populations from Uxpanapa (Veracruz) were recently described as  Ceratozamia dominguezii , however, these fall within the range of variation of  C. subroseophylla as circumscribed here. Our circumscription is based on comparative morphology, both vegetative and reproductive structures, and phenology (Figs 25, 26). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Tabasco: Mun. Macuspana, 185 m, 13 Jul 2021, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3674-3680 (CIB); 185 m, 13 Jul 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2295-2300 (CIB), 190 m, 13 Jul 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2301 (CIB, MEXU). Veracruz: Mun. Catemaco, 1953, H. Bravo 26 (MEXU); 18 May 1995, M.A. Garci ́a B. et al. 813 (XAL). Mun.  Hidalgotitlán , 150 m, 16 Jan 1975,  
Brigada 
Vazquez 1760 (MO, XAL); 140 m, 16 Dec 1974, J. Rees 1655 (XAL); 16 Apr 1975, M.  Vázquez-Torres 1760 (MEXU).  Mun. Hueyapan de Ocampo , 400 m, 14 May 2000, Leonti 542 (MEXU). Mun.  Jesús Carranza, 100 m, 19 Feb 2009, D. Jimeno-Sevilla 1045 (MEXU, MO, XAL); 131 m, 27 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2040 (CIB); M.  Vázquez-Torres 2430 (CHAPA, ENCB, MEXU, NY, SLPM, XAL). Mun. Mecayapan, 950 m, 26 Jan 1992, M. Va ́zquez-Torres et al. 4122 (CIB). Mun. Santiago Tuxtla, 500 m, 5 Jul 1983, D.W. Stevenson et al. 539 A-L (NY), 540 F-H (NY); 420 m, 28 Mar 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n &amp; L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez 1985-1987 (CIB); 250-500 m, 30 Sep 1983, J.F. Ortega O. et al. 358 (XAL); 420 m, 28 Mar 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́ n 78, 79 (NY), 80, 81 (XAL), 82-87 (CIB); 420 m, 7 Jun 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez &amp; F. Nicolalde-Morejo ́n 129 (CIB); 425 m, 15 Jul 2014, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez 136-157, 159 (CIB); 500 m, 12 May 1965, M. Sousa 2420 (MEXU); 23 Aug 1962, R.F. Andrle 64 (US); 497 m, 17 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters TW-2001-17 (MEXU, XAL). Mun. Soteapan, 21 Jun 1963, G.N. Ross 57 (US); 1,050 m, 17 Mar 1968, M. Sousa 3645 (MEXU); 500 m, 18 May 1986, M. Va ́zquez-Torres et al. 3579 (CIB). Mun. Tatahuicapan de Jua ́rez, 849 m, C.I. Carvajal-Herna ́ndez &amp; M. Jua ́rez F. 796 (CIB). Mun. Uxpanapa, 131 m, 27 Sep 2020, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez et al. 2040 (CIB, MEXU); 111 m, 27 Sep 2020, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez et al. 2041 (CIB), 2042 (CIB, MEXU), 2043-2048 (CIB); 111 m, 11 Jun 2021, L. Marti ́nez-Domínguez et al. 2273 (CIB)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C00E8546A3555D3CA569ECB311880B43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
C0EA45994A565E5299031B2A4F57ABDF.text	C0EA45994A565E5299031B2A4F57ABDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia tenuis (Dyer) (Dyer) D. W. Stev. & Vovides, Bot. Sci. 94 (2): 425. 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 31.  Ceratozamia tenuis (Dyer) D.W.Stev. &amp; Vovides, Bot. Sci. 94 (2): 425. 2016</p>
            <p>Fig. 27F</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia tenuis Type. Cultivated in England at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew "Hort. Kew Palm House", 1881, Anon. s.n. (lectotype, designated by Vovides et al. 2016, pg. 425: K! [K001092673, K001092674]). Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Jilotepec, 19 Jan 1976, A.P. Vovides 18 ♂ (epitype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a, 117: XAL! [acc. # 16980]; isoepitype: NY!). </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. vulgaris J.Schust., Pflanzenr. (Engler) Heft 99, 4 fam 1: 131. 1932. Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Xalapa, Chiltoyac, 1,270 m, 18 Oct 2016, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 984 (neotype, designated by  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2018a, pg. 117: CIB! [acc. # 17988UV]). </p>
            <p> Ceratozamia mexicana f. tenuis (Dyer) J.Schust., Pflanzenr. (Engler) Heft 99, 4 fam 1: 132. 1932, as "  Ceratozamia mexicana var. longifolia f. tenuis ". Type: Based on  Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. tenuis Dyer </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> Based on  Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. var. tenuis Dyer, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 3: 193. 1884. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-100 cm long, 30-45 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-6  × 2-5.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 6-56, 85-225 cm long, ascending, dark green at emergence with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-93 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 10-55 thin prickles, 0.20-0.49 cm long. Rachis 56-154 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 30-56 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, basally falcate, papyraceous, involute, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 23-50.5  × 1-2.1 cm, 0.3-2.5 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.4-1.4 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 25-50 cm long, 4-8 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, greenish yellow with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 3.7-22 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to light-brown; microsporophylls 1.7-2.7  × 1.2-1.9 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.50-0.65 cm long and orbicular with recurved horns 0.25-0.46 cm long, 0.35-0.65 cm between the horns and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 22-35 cm long, (7.6) 10-14 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, dark green with blackish trichomes at emergence, dark green with blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 8-23 cm long, 1.5-2.4 cm in diameter, erect or pendulous, tomentose, brown to reddish brown; megasporophylls (48) 80-196, 7-16 orthostichies with 6-14 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.1-3.1  × 3.0-5.0 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns curved and 0.32-0.80 cm long, 0.80-1.60 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.5-3 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia tenuis is endemic to the central montane region in Veracruz State, Mexico (Fig. 24C), where it occurs in cloud forest at 1,200-1,920 m elevation on volcanic soils with basaltic rocks. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is derived from its thin leaflets.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Veracruz: Costilla de  león (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 573); palma del monte (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 166). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> Ovulate strobili are used as an insecticide; these are cut in half and mixed with milk or sugar to kill flies (L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 980). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia tenuis has not been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This species has populations with several adult plants (between 100 to 300); however, the total area of distribution is narrow and it is one of the areas that is highly affected by changes in land use in recent years. According to IUCN criteria this species should be considered as  “Endangered” (EN) under A1acd; B1ab(iii). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia tenuis is characterized by a petiole with thin prickles, and linear leaflets that are papyraceous and involute with a symmetric apex. The ovulate strobilus is dark green with blackish trichomes at maturity, a prominent distal face, and a right angle between the horns. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Veracruz: Mun. Banderilla , 1,450 m, 21 Apr 2017, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1000 (CIB). Mun. Chiconquiaco, 1,800 m, 26 Nov 1974, D. Jimeno-Sevilla 754 (XAL); 1,916 m, 27 Sep 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2456 - 2464 (CIB); 1,800 m, 26 Nov 1974, J. Rees 1625 (XAL), 1626 (MEXU, XAL); 1,916 m, 27 Sep 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 971, 973 - 981 (CIB), 972 (CIB, MEXU); 13 Apr 1967, R. Fernandez-Nava 385A (MEXU). Mun. Coacoatzintla, 8 Mar 1985, F. Vazquez B. 2275 (XAL); 1,400 m, 7 Jan 1977, G. Castillo-Campos 118 (XAL); 1,550 m, 3 Jun 2005, L.H.  Bojórquez-Galván &amp; A.M. Zapata-Aquino 1484, 1485 (CIB); 1,435 m, 9 Jan 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 165 - 184 (CIB); 1, 435 m, 18 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 273-282 (CIB); 1,540 m, 9 Feb 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 759 (CIB). Mun. Jilotepec, 1,300 m, 29 Feb 1980, A.P. Vovides 470 (XAL), 471 (IBUG, MEXU, XAL); 1,300 m, 14 Apr 1982, 735 (XAL); 1,385 m, 15 Nov 1978, E. Estrada et al. 757 (MEXU); 1,316 m, 22 Aug 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2067 - 2086 (CIB); 1,350 m, 7 Dec 1970, F. Ventura A. 2936 (ENCB); 1,300 m, 22 Jan 1971, F. Ventura A. 3014 (ENCB); 1,300 m, 18 Nov 1974, J. Rees 1620 (XAL); 1,363 m, 29 May 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 573 - 583 (CIB); 1,250 m, 23 Aug 1973, M.G. Zola 657 (XAL), 667 (MEXU, XAL); 1,250 m, 23 Aug 1975, R. Ortega J. 525 (XAL); Mar 2001, S.  Avendaño 5395 (MEXU). Mun.  Tepetlán , 1,420 m, 12 Jan 2013, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1691 - 1710 (CIB); 1,418 m, 21 Jun 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2001 - 2004 (CIB); 1,418 m, 22 Aug 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2047 - 2066 (CIB); 1,662 m, 10 Apr 2015, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón &amp; L.  Martínez-Domínguez 2217 - 2226 (CIB); 1,421 m, 26 Jul 2014, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 160 (CIB); 22 Mar 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 283 - 293 (CIB); 1,662 m, 10 Apr 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 545-555 (CIB); 2 Jul 2010, M.  Vázquez-Torres et al. 9215 (CIB). Mun. Tlacolulan, 1,540 m, 16 Jun 2017, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2516 (CIB); 1,540 m, 16 Jun 2017, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1041, 1042 (CIB). Mun. Xalapa, 1,270 m, 18 Oct 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2466-2468 (CIB); 1,270 m, 18 Oct 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 985, 987 (CIB), 986 (CIB, MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0EA45994A565E5299031B2A4F57ABDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
7DCCF1E75A3953AFA5C2A3ECF6D7FABA.text	7DCCF1E75A3953AFA5C2A3ECF6D7FABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia totonacorum Mart. - Domínguez & Nic. - Mor., Brittonia 69 (4): 518. 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 32.  
Ceratozamia totonacorum Mart.- 
Dominguez
&amp; Nic.-Mor., Brittonia 69 (4): 518. 2017
</p>
            <p>Figs 27G, 28B</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Puebla: Mun. Jonotla, 600 m, 9 Jun 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 618 ♀ (holotype: CIB! [acc. # 16735UV])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-45 cm long, 10-25 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 2-5  × 1.2-2.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 10-63, 100-265 cm long, descending, brown at emergence, with brown trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 30-80 cm long, terete, straight, green in mature leaves; with 10-40 thin prickles, 0.05-0.25 cm long. Rachis 85-185 cm long, terete, straight, green in adult leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 11-33 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong, longitudinally planar, not basally falcate to occasionally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 17-40  × 2.7-4.2 cm, 2-5.6 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.3 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 28-31 cm long, 5.0-6.0 cm in diameter, generally solitary (up to 2), cylindrical, erect, greenish yellow at emergence, yellow with brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 9-12 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, tomentose, light brown; microsporophylls 1.5-2.7  × 0.9-2.0 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.39-0.57 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.19-0.25 cm long, 0.52-0.69 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 20.5-28.7 cm long, 8.4-9.3 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, light green and glaucous, with orange to light brown trichomes at emergence, green with yellowish brown trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 10-11.2 cm long, 1.5-2.4 cm in diameter, erect or pendulous, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 64-120, 8-10 orthostichies with 8-13 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.6-2.3  × 2.6-3.6cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.55-0.80 cm long, 1.45-1.80 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2.5-3.5 (4) cm long, 0.88-1.6 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish red when immature, cream to light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia totonacorum occurs in the Sierra Norte de Puebla and the mountain region in Hidalgo and Veracruz States, Mexico (Fig. 24D). It occurs in cloud forest and the transition zone between evergreen tropical forest and cloud forest on rocky outcrops in exposed walls up to 80 m tall at 600-1,800 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is in reference to the Totonaco ethnic group of Santiago Ecatlán in Sierra Norte of Puebla, Mexico.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Puebla: Kun (Totonaco ethnic group) (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017b). </p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> In Sierra Norte of Puebla, the residents use the leaves of this species in local rituals to make  “arcos” and altars (Fig. 28B) (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017b). </p>
            <p>Preliminary conservation status.</p>
            <p> Based on total populations and the potential distribution and reduction of vegetation in the area for  Ceratozamia totonacorum , we recommend that it should be listed as  “Vulnerable” in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia totonacorum is distinguished from  C. delucana by its brown leaves at emergence, but this color disappears in the mature leaves which become green; besides, the leaves are descending. The ovulate strobilus is yellowish green with brown trichomes. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Hidalgo: Mun. Huehuetla, 1,150 m, 2 Jun 1976, A.P. Vovides 23 (XAL) .   Puebla: Mun. Atlequizayan, 1 Apr 2014, 867 m, L.  Caamaño Onofre &amp; A.B.  Cerón Carpio 4995 (XAL).  Mun. Cuetzalan del Progreso , 1,470 m, 1 Nov 2017, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1180-1189 (CIB). Mun. Jonotla, 760 m, 13 Feb 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1948 (CIB); 600 m, 13 Feb 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1949-1955 (CIB), 1956 (MEXU), 1957 (NY), 1958 - 1965 (CIB); 1,006 m, 14 Feb 2014, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1966, 1967 (CIB); 600 m, 9 Jun 2015, L.  Martínez-Domínguez &amp; F.  Nicolalde-Morejón 619 (CIB). Mun.  Pahuatlán , 1,800 m, 12 Jan 1987, G. Toriz et al. 226 (MEXU). Mun. Tlapacoya, 1,010 m, 14 Feb 1985, E. Meza P. 14 (XAL). Mun. Zacapoaxtla, 1, 365 m, 30 May 2014, L.  Camaño-Onofre 5329 (XAL)  .   Veracruz: Mun. Tlachichilco, 1,300 m, 12 Sep 2001, A.  Rincón G. et al. 2584 (XAL), 2585 (MEXU, XAL)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DCCF1E75A3953AFA5C2A3ECF6D7FABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
AE47E89386015B429736BE27E41194B1.text	AE47E89386015B429736BE27E41194B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia vovidesii Pérez-Farr. & Iglesias, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 153: 394. 2007	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 33.  
Ceratozamia vovidesii 
Perez-Farr
. &amp; Iglesias, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 153: 394. 2007
</p>
            <p>Fig. 27H</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. La Concordia, Between Finca Santa Cruz and  El Puente ,  
Rancho Las 
Cabanas , 1,156 m, 19 Jul 2001, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 2620a ♀ (holotype: HEM!; isotypes: CHIP [n.v.], MEXU [n.v.], MO [n.v.], XAL [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 50-80 cm long, 20-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, erect and decumbent. Cataphylls 5-7.5  × 2.7-5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-18, 97-238 cm long, ascending, reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole terete, linear, 40-164 cm long, green in adult leaves, with 15-55 thin prickles, 0.14-0.38 cm long. Rachis terete, linear, 54-153 cm long, green in mature leaves, with prickles. Leaflets 30-85, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, mostly longitudinally planar, generally basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial side glabrous and abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 20-45  × 0.7-1.4 cm, 0.3-2.4 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.2-0.8 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 15-45 cm long, 3.5-5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, yellowish cream with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 6-9.5 cm long, 1.6-1.9 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.2-1.5  × 0.8-1.04 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.37-0.50 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.30-0.42 cm long, 0.52-0.84 cm with a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 26-40 cm long, 7.1-9.6 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greyish green with abundant reddish brown trichomes at emergence, green with abundant blackish trichomes at maturity, acuminate apex; peduncle 7-15 cm long, 1.7-2.2 cm in diameter, erect or pendulous, pubescent, brown; megasporophylls 60-70, 6-8 orthostichies with 7-12 sporophylls per row, 3.8-4.5  × 4-5 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns straight and 0.60-0.80 cm long, 0.99-1.40 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 2.2-2.7 cm long, 1.3-1.7 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia vovidesii is distributed along the Sierra Madre of Chiapas State in Mexico to Guatemala. It occurs on karstic rocks in cloud forest between 800 and 1,850 m elevation (Fig. 29A). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet honors Andrew P. Vovides in recognition of his systematic and ecological studies and efforts in the conservation of Mexican cycads, including the creation of the Mexican National Cycad Collection at the Francisco Javier Clavijero Botanic Garden in Xalapa (Veracruz, Mexico) (  Pérez-Farrera et al. 2007). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p> Decorative (M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 2620a). </p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia vovidesii is listed as  “Vulnerable” (V) under criteria D2. Here, we extended the distribution range for this species to Guatemala. Based on number of populations and data obtained during fieldwork we recommend not changing the current status. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia vovidesii shares several vegetative characteristics with  C. mirandae . However, there are differences in their pollen strobili;  C. vovidesii has obconic microsporophylls with rounded infertile portions, whereas those of  C. mirandae are elliptic with a linear infertile portion. </p>
            <p> There is some confusion concerning the holotype for  C. vovidesii . In 2012 the gathering  Pérez-Farrera 2620a also was used as the holotype in the protologue of  Zamia grijalvensis Perez-Farr., Vovides &amp; Mart.-Camilo (  Pérez-Farrera et al. 2012). The specimen,  Pérez-Farrera 2620a is clearly a  Ceratozamia and not a  Zamia and corresponds to the protologue of  C. vovidesii . Another specimen,  Pérez-Farrera 3026, is labelled as the holotype for  Z. grijalvensis and it clearly matches the protologue of that taxon. We are treating this miscitation of  Pérez-Farrera 2620a in the protologue of  Z. grijalvensis as a typographical error, which is now corrected. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Guatemala. Huehuetenango: 900- 1,300 m, 3 Sep 1942, J.A. Steyermark 51818 (NY; US); 1,630 m, 9 Jul 2006, M.  Véliz &amp; V. Davila 17042, 17043, 17044 (BIGU); 30 May 1906, O.F. Cook 51 (US); 1,629 m, 10 Jul 2006, V. Davila &amp; M.  Véliz 1050 (BIGU); 1,622 m, 10. Jul 2006, V. Davila &amp; M.  Véliz 1052, 1053 (BIGU)  .   Mexico. Chiapas: Mun.  Ángel Albino Corzo, 730 m, 23 Jan 1968, Alush Shilom Ton 3554 (ENCB); 14 Dec 1980, 1,380 m, D.E. Breedlove 48678 (NY); 800- 1,000 m, 8 Nov 1945, E.H. Xolocotzi &amp; A.J. Sharp 402 (CHAPA, ENCB, MEXU); 1,000 m, 2 Jun 1987, E.M.  Martínez S. et al. 21586 (MEXU); 1,819 m, 13 Aug 2009, H.  Gómez-Domínguez 2316 (MEXU); 1,650 m, 18 May 1982, J.I. Calzada et al. 9131 (XAL); 5 Mar 1989, U. Bachem C. &amp; R. Rojas 405 (CHIP). Mun. Jaltenango de la Paz, Jun 1995, E. Matuda s/n (MEXU); 1,500 m, 23 Jun 1990, M. Heath &amp; A. Long 1287 (CHIP); 25 Feb 1995, Miranda 7042 (MEXU).  Mun. La Concordia , 1,000 m, 5 Jun 1988, E. Palacios E. 1050 (CHIP); 1,840 m, 26 Jun 2018, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2864-2875 (CIB); 1,840 m, 26 Jun 2018, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1439-1451 (CIB); 1,156 m, 19 Sep 2001, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera 2621 (XAL); 1,600 m, M.A.  Pérez-Farrera s/n (CHIP); 1,120 m, 17 Jun 2014, M.G.  Díaz M. 961 (CHIP); 24 Mar 2001, R.  Martínez-Camilo 54 (CHIP); 1,100 m, 11 Jun 1988, T.G.  Cabrera-Cachón 74 (CHIP); 1,700 m, 1 Jun 1989, U. Bachem C. &amp; R. Rojas 795 (CHIP). Mun. Mapastepec, 1,750 m, 13 May 1982, J.I. Calzada et al. 8874 (IBUG, MEXU, MO, XAL). Mun. Siltepec, 28 Feb 2000, O. Farrera S. 1958 (CHIP)  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE47E89386015B429736BE27E41194B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
209342C85E725D53B4F2DAF76CB05429.text	209342C85E725D53B4F2DAF76CB05429.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia whitelockiana Chemnick & T. J. Greg., Phytologia 79 (1): 51. 1996 (" 1995	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 34.  
Ceratozamia whitelockiana Chemnick &amp; T.J.Greg., Phytologia 79(1): 51. 1996 (
"1995"
)
</p>
            <p>Fig. 30</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Oaxaca: Vicinity of Metates, south of  Valle Nacional , 628 m, 10 May 1995, J. Chemnick &amp; T. Gregory 5 (holotype: HNT [n.v.]; isotypes: FTG!, XALU [n.v.])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 20-80 cm long, 18-30 cm in diameter, epigeous, decumbent. Cataphylls 2-5  × 2-5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-10, 129-250 cm long, descending, light green and glaucous at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 60-140 cm long, terete, linear, green in mature leaves; with 3-22 thin prickles, 0.06-0.39 cm long. Rachis 70-160 cm long, terete, linear, greenish in mature leaves, unarmed. Leaflets 20-48 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, lanceolate, generally longitudinally planar, not basally falcate, papyraceous, flat, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and green-light veins; median leaflets 25-38.5  × 2.0-3.7 cm, 1.6-3.1 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.4 cm wide, green. Pollen strobili 20-30 cm long, 3-5 cm in diameter, generally solitary (1-2), cylindrical, erect, greenish at emergence with reddish trichomes, greenish yellow with reddish brown trichomes at maturity; peduncle 15-25 cm long, 1.2-1.9 cm in diameter, glabrous or with trichomes scarce reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 1.5-3.0  × 0.8-1.5 cm, elliptic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.40-0.50 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.38-0.50 cm long, 0.50-1.0 cm and a right angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 14-20 cm long, 7-10 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, yellowish green with abundant blackish trichomes at emergence, green with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, apiculate apex; peduncle 1-4 cm long, 1.0-1.8 cm in diameter, erect, glabrous or with trichomes scarce, reddish brown; megasporophylls 24-40, 4-5 orthostichies with 5-8 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.7-2.2  × 4.5-5.1 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.98-1.4 cm long, 0.95-1.3 cm between horns and an acute angle between the horns. Seeds 2.1-2.7 cm long, 1.4-1.8 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish yellow to yellow when immature, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia whitelockiana is endemic to the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca (Mexico), between 500 to 1,800 m in La Chinantla area (Fig. 29B). It occurs in the elevational gradient of evergreen tropical forest with  Quercus sp. and cloud forest with  Oreomunnea mexicana (Standl.) J.-F.Leroy on karstic rocks. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>This species was named in honor of Loran Whitelock for his contributions to cycad biology (Chemnick and Gregory 1996).</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia whitelockiana is listed as "Endangered (EN)" under criteria A2c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,v); C1. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia whitelockiana is similar to  C. mixeorum in leaf morphology; the only difference is the sparse prickles in  C. whitelockiana (between 3 to 22, in number), whereas  C. mixeorum has more than 28 prickles. Additionally, the length of the petiole is very long in relation to the total size of the leaf in  C. whitelockiana . In reproductive structures, the ovulate strobili in  C. whitelockiana have a long peduncle 12-23 cm and the fertile portion has 4-5 orthostichies with 5-8 sporophylls per orthostichy and the pollen strobili have a long peduncle that is the same size as the fertile part or longer (Fig. 30 A, C). In contrast,  C. mixeorum has ovulate strobili with a short peduncle from 1-4 cm long and pollen strobili with peduncles shorter than the fertile area. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Oaxaca: 660 m, 29 Jun 1977, T.B. Croat 39751 (MO). Mun.  Ixtlán de  Juárez , 1,640 m, 29 Jan 1998, Y. Arellanes C. et al. 283 (SERO); 1,640 m, 21 Aug 1998, Y. Arellanes C. et al. 413 (MEXU, MO, SERO). Mun. San Felipe Usila, 24 Oct 1994, P. Osorio H. 312 (MEXU). Mun. San Juan Bautista Valle Nacional, 650 m, 24 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3346 (CIB); 650 m, 24 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1968 (CIB, MEXU); 500 m, 22 Jan 2001, S.  Avendaño R. 5375 (MEXU); 518 m, 22 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-39-D,E (XAL). Mun. San Juquila Vijanos, 1,900 m, 15 Nov 1996, X. Munn et al. 233 (XAL). Mun. San Pedro Sochiapam, 1,682 m, 2 Nov 2016, M.B. Velasco-Pichardo et al. 225 (MEXU). Mun. San Juan Tepeuxila, 1,538 m, 9 May 2008, J.E.  Rivera-Hernández 4289 (MEXU, XAL); 1,538 m, 30 Jul 2008, J.E.  Rivera-Hernández 4380 (MEXU). Mun. Santiago Comaltepec, 1,750 m, 8. Jan 1995, A.  Rincón G. et al. 516 (MEXU, MO, XAL); 560 m, 24 Sep 2020, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3348-3355 (CIB); 560 m, 24 Sep 2020, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1973-1975, 1980 (CIB, MEXU), 1976, 1978, 1979, 1981 (CIB), 1977 (CIB, MEXU, NY); 1,600 m, 10 Jun 1988, R.  López-Luna &amp; G.J. Martin 285 (MEXU), 1,760 m, 26 Jan 1988, R. Torres C. &amp; E.  Martínez S. 11345 (MEXU). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/209342C85E725D53B4F2DAF76CB05429	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
50A0C7C4D7355C5B98D323F9207941D0.text	50A0C7C4D7355C5B98D323F9207941D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia zaragozae Medellín-Leal, Brittonia 15: 175. 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 35.  
Ceratozamia zaragozae 
Medellin-Leal
, Brittonia 15: 175. 1963
</p>
            <p>Fig. 27I</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. San Luis  Potosí : Mun.  Rio
Verde
 , 22 Jul 1962, F.  Medellín-Leal 1452 ♀ (holotype: SLPM! [acc. # 003530]; isotypes: ENCB! [ENCB003716], GH! [00003279], MEXU! [MEXU00162859, MEXU0053418], MICH! [1192896],  US! [00011997]). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 10-20 cm long, 10-15 cm in diameter, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 1.8-2.5  × 1-2 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, partially tomentose at maturity, apex acuminate. Leaves 3-27, 95-202 cm long, ascending, reddish brown at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 11-36 cm long, terete, twisted, green in mature leaves, unarmed. Rachis 40-77 cm long, terete, twisted, green in mature leaves, unarmed. Leaflets 25-46, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, linear, generally longitudinally planar, basally falcate, membranaceous, strongly involute, green with adaxial and abaxial sides glabrous, distal end with entire margins, acute and symmetrical at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 17-31.5  × 0.4-0.7 cm, 0.8-2.3 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.2-0.3 cm wide, yellow. Pollen strobili 15-19 cm long, 2-3.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, greenish with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, reddish brown at maturity; peduncle 5-8 cm long, 1.5-1.8 cm in diameter, tomentose, reddish brown to brown; microsporophylls 0.8-1.2  × 0.3-0.6 cm, obconic with a non-recurved distal face and a lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.25-0.35 cm long and rounded with straight horns 0.20-0.30 cm long, 0.22-0.30 cm and an obtuse angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 7-12 cm long, 5.5-7.3 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with scarce reddish brown trichomes at emergence, dark green at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 6-9 cm long, 0.9-1.2 cm in diameter, erect, tomentose, brown; megasporophylls 24-49, 5-7 orthostichies with 5-6 sporophylls per orthostichy, 2.0-2.6  × 2.2-3.7 cm, with a truncate distal face, horns straight and 0.33-0.45 cm long, 1.95-2.35 cm between horns with an obtuse angle between the horns. Seeds 2-2.8 cm long, 1.8-2 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia zaragozae is endemic to Mexico in a small mountain range in San Luis Potosí (Fig. 29C), where it occurs in pine-oak forest on karstic rocks at 1,500-1,950 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet refers to General Ignacio Zaragoza, who was a hero in the Battle of Puebla against the French Army in May of 1862.</p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia zaragozae is listed as "Critically Endangered (CR)" under criteria A2acd; B1ab(iii,iv,v)+2ab(iii,iv,v); C1. Castillo-Lara et al. (2018) evaluated the population structure and spatial distribution for this species and found that the populations have several individuals with a density variable from four to 209 plants in an area of 2500 m2, but low population growth. These authors suggest that the status for this species could be modified to "Endangered (EN)". </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia zaragozae and  C. norstogii are the only species in the genus with twisted petiole and rachis, but the first has an unarmed petiole, whereas  C. norstogii has abundant and robust prickles on the petiole. Additionally, leaflets are membranaceous in  C. zaragozae , whereas in  C. norstogii they are coriaceous. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. San Luis  Potosí : Mun.  Río Verde  , 1,700 m, 29 Mar 1984, A.G. Mendoza &amp; L. Vargas 1389 (MEXU); 1,750 m, 20 Sep 1979, A.P. Vovides 435 (XAL); 22 Jul 1962, E. Molseed 34 (MEXU; MICH); 1,860 m, 24 Jan 1994, F.  García S. s/n (SLPM);  1,800 m, 22 Jul 1962, F. Medellin-Leal 1451 (SLPM; US) ; 28 Oct 1965, F. Medellin-Leal s/n (SLPM); 1,900 m, Sep 1994, F. Medellin-Leal s/n (SLPM); 1,956 m, 18 Mar 2016, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 2307 - 2319 (CIB); 1,750 m, 13 Apr 1968, J. Rzedowski 25658 (ENCB; MICH); 1,956 m, 18 Mar 2016, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 792, 794-796, 798-808 (CIB), 793, 797, 799 (CIB, MEXU); 2031 m, 31 Jul 2017, P.  Chávez C. et al. 98 (SLPM); 1,532 m, 13 Jan 2001, T. Walters et al. TW-2001-07 (MEXU, XAL). Mun. Zaragoza, 1,869 m, 9 Nov 2012, P. Castillo-Lara et al. 593 (SLPM); 1,847 m, 14 Jul 2016, P. Castillo-Lara et al. 1073 (SLPM). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50A0C7C4D7355C5B98D323F9207941D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
4639B9A8F2DA5E839A7B50B9F41ECFCD.text	4639B9A8F2DA5E839A7B50B9F41ECFCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceratozamia zoquorum Pe ́ rez-Farr., Vovides & Iglesias. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 137 (1): 77. 2001	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 36.  Ceratozamia zoquorum Pérez-Farr., Vovides &amp; Iglesias. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 137 (1): 77. 2001</p>
            <p>Figs 1D, 23 A-C</p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  Mexico. Chiapas:  Northern mountain range , 18 Nov 1998, M.A. Pe ́rez-Farrera 1732 ♂ (holotype: CHIP [n.v])  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Stem 12-30 cm long, 8-15 cm in diameter, epigeous, semi-hypogeous, erect. Cataphylls 2.5-6.9  × 1.3-4.5 cm wide at the base, persistent, triangular, reddish brown, densely brown tomentose at emergence, glabrous at apex when mature, apex acuminate. Leaves 2-17, 46-216.5 cm long, descending, light green or brown, glaucous at emergence with whitish gray trichomes, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 23.3-111.5 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, yellowish green green at mature leaves; unarmed to armed with 3-27 thin prickles 0.08-0.15 cm long. Rachis 17.6-114.5 cm long, terete, linear, pink at emergence, yellowish green at mature leaves, generally unarmed. Leaflets 6-17 pairs, opposite to subopposite, insertion in one plane, oblong to oblanceolate, longitudinally curved abaxially to planar, generally basally falcate, coriaceous, flat, green with adaxial and/or abaxial side glaucous, distal end with entire margins, acuminate (rarely acute) and asymmetrical (rarely symmetrical in apical leaflets) at the apex, attenuate at base, with conspicuous and light-green veins; median leaflets 22-37  × 3.9-5.6 (7) cm, 4.6-11.1 cm between leaflets; articulations 0.5-1.5 cm wide, green and yellowish. Pollen strobili solitary (up to 2), 10.8-25 cm long, 2.8-4.3 cm in diameter, cylindrical, erect, green with blackish trichomes at emergence, yellow-cream with blackish trichomes at maturity; peduncle 5-13 cm long, 1.5-1.8 cm in diameter, tomentose, light brown; microsporophylls 0.9-1.4  × 0.7-0.9 cm, discoid with a non-recurved distal face and a deeply lobate fertile portion, infertile portion 0.35-0.40 cm long and linear with straight horns 0.30-0.45 cm long, 0.73-0.80 cm and an acute angle between the horns. Ovulate strobili 15-26 cm long, 7.5-9.5 cm in diameter, solitary, cylindrical, erect, green with reddish brown trichomes at emergence, green with brown to blackish trichomes at maturity, acute apex; peduncle 5-18.5 cm long, 1.6-2 cm in diameter, pendulous and erect, tomentose, light brown; megasporophylls 30-56, 6-8 orthostichies with 5-7 sporophylls per orthostichy, 1.5-2.0  × 3.5-4.0 cm, with a prominent distal face, horns curved to straight and 0.70-0.90 cm long, 0.92-1.56 cm between horns with a right angle between the horns. Seeds 2-2.8 cm long, 1.8-2 cm in diameter, ovate, sarcotesta whitish pink at emergence, light brown at maturity. </p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia zoquorum is endemic to the northern mountains of Chiapas, Mexico (Fig. 29D), where it occurs on karstic outcrops in evergreen tropical forest and oak forest between 500 and 1,150 m. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific epithet was established in honor of the Zoque culture (  Pérez-Farrera et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Common names.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Uses.</p>
            <p>None recorded.</p>
            <p>Conservation status.</p>
            <p> (IUCN 2021).  Ceratozamia zoquorum is listed as "Critically Endangered" under criteria A2c+4c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,v). </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Ceratozamia zoquorum has oblong and coriaceous leaflets and leaves with scarce thin and short prickles. It belongs to a cryptic taxonomic group, and is geographically close to populations of  C. becerrae and  C. santillanii , the other two species in this group. The three taxa are distinguishable with the nrITS (  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2017c). Morphologically,  C. zoquorum differs from  C. santillanii by its peduncle of ovulate strobili more than 3 cm long. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Mexico. Chiapas: Mun. Solosuchiapa , 530 m, 23 Jan 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1931, 1932 (CIB); 550 m, 23 Jan 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1933-1935 (CIB); 682 m, 24 Jan 2014, F. Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 1936-1947 (CIB); 531 m, 23 Jan 2014, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 1-5 (CIB); 500 m, 23 Jan 2014, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 6-14 (CIB); 682 m, 23 Jan 2014, L. Martínez-Domínguez et al. 15-34 (CIB);  520 m, 17 Apr 1996, M.A. Pe ́rez-Farrera 905 (CH, CHIP, HEM) ; 520 m, 16 Apr 1996, M.A. Pérez-Farrera s/n (HEM); 19 Jan 2001, S. Avendaño 5216 (MEXU); 531 m, 20 Jan 2001, T.W. Walters 2001-2028-A (XAL). Mun. Tila, 1,135 m, 16 Jul 2021, F.  Nicolalde-Morejón et al. 3698-3702 (CIB); 1,135 m, 16 Jul 2021, L.  Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2326-2330 (CIB). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4639B9A8F2DA5E839A7B50B9F41ECFCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili;Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando;Vergara-Silva, Francisco;Stevenson, Dennis Wm.	Martinez-Dominguez, Lili, Nicolalde-Morejon, Fernando, Vergara-Silva, Francisco, Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (2022): Monograph of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): an endangered genus. PhytoKeys 208: 1-102, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.80382
