identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C087A3FFA0FF85FF1CFCC8A759FB50.text	03C087A3FFA0FF85FF1CFCC8A759FB50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax Lowe 1846	<div><p>Chaunax Lowe, 1846</p> <p>Chaunax Lowe, 1846:81</p> <p>(type species: Chaunax pictus Lowe, 1846; by monotypy).</p> <p>Chaunax differs from the only confamilial genus Chaunacops in having more lateral-line neuromasts: BD 2–5 (vs. 1), GH 10–19 (vs. 2–4) and BI 26–50 (vs. 18–26); a well expanded lower part of the maxilla, much broader than the upper part (vs. uniformly narrow or with the lower part only slightly expanded); a narrower intersphenotic space (15.5–21.8% SL, vs. 21.8‒24.7% SL); a shorter illicium (2.3–5.0% SL, vs. 7.0‒7.4% SL); a shorter caudal fin (26.9–32.9% SL vs. 32.5‒35.7% SL); mainly 12 dorsal-fin rays (vs. mainly 11) and 7 anal-fin rays (vs. mainly 6); and well-toothed palatines with the teeth in a long, narrow band (vs. only a few teeth at the anterior end) (Caruso, 1989a, b; Ho &amp; McGrouther, 2015).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFA0FF85FF1CFCC8A759FB50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
03C087A3FFA1FF83FF1CFA73A0E9FDDF.text	03C087A3FFA1FF83FF1CFA73A0E9FDDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax Lowe 1846	<div><p>Key to species of Chaunax in Taiwan and adjacent waters</p> <p>1A. Illicial trough deep, concave and black; illicium very short, housed within illicial trough (Figs. 2A‒B)............................................................................................. (C. pictus group) C. penicillatus</p> <p>1B. Illicial trough shallow, of same color as body; illicium stout to slender (Figs. 2C‒F)................................ 2</p> <p>2A. No cirri on dorsal surface of head or above eyes; usually 1 or 3 pairs of spinules flanking lateral-line neuromasts (Figs. 3A–C); cirri along body margin flap-like (Fig. 4A) or filamentous........................................ 3 (C. abei group)</p> <p>2B. Cirri present on dorsal surface of head and above eyes; 3‒8 pairs of spinules flanking lateral-line neuromasts (Figs. 3D–E); cirri along body margin filamentous (Figs. 4B‒C)..............................................6 (C. fimbriatus group)</p> <p>3A. Mouth cavity, gill chamber and gill rakers grayish to blackish................................. C. albatrossae sp. nov.</p> <p>3B. Mouth cavity, gill chamber and gill rakers pale or, rarely, grayish in small areas.................................... 4</p> <p>4A. Coloration uniformly pink when fresh, without any discrete pattern, sometimes with deep red blotches; esca with pink or whitish cirri; dermal spinules slender and curved....................................................... C. apus</p> <p>4B. Dorsal surface spotted; esca with brown, green or gray cirri; dermal spinules stout and straight........................ 5</p> <p>5A. Spinules on dorsal surface all simple; dorsal surface of body densely covered with small spots.............. C. breviradius</p> <p>5B. Spinules on dorsal surface both bifurcate and simple; large green spots encircled by yellow or large yellow spots on dorsal surface of body.................................................................................. C. abei</p> <p>6A. Two large white patches on dorsal surface, one associated with underlying third dorsal-fin spine and one before dorsal-fin origin; filaments on body usually highly branched.................................................. C. fimbriatus</p> <p>6B. No large white patches on dorsal surface; filaments on body surface usually simple................................. 7</p> <p>7A. Body uniformly red when fresh; esca pink; entire fish turning creamy-white when preserved; BI 29–33; GH 10–11........................................................................................... C. erythraeus sp. nov.</p> <p>7B. Irregular greenish or orange-red patterns on dorsal surface when fresh; esca green; gray to dark brown blotches and/or reticulates pattern on dorsal surface and esca gray to brown when preserved; BI 32–37; GH 11–13.............................. 8</p> <p>8A. Very fine greenish-yellow patches on dorsal surface when fresh, these turning brown and forming very fine, pale, reticulated pattern when preserved......................................................................... C. umbrinus</p> <p>8B. Large and irregular green reticulate patterns or yellow patches on dorsal surface when fresh, changing into dark brown reticulate patterns or fading when preserved........................................................................ 9</p> <p>9A. Mouth cavity pale gray, not especially dark; bright white dots or patches on head and dorsal-fin origin when fresh; irregular green reticulate pattern on dorsal surface when fresh, changing to dark gray blotches with pale reticulate pattern when preserved. C. viridiretis sp. nov.</p> <p>9B. Mouth cavity dark gray posteriorly; no bright white dots on head or dorsal-fin origin when fresh; dorsal surface with irregular yellow patches when fresh, but patches fading after preservation, forming pale blotches with light brown reticulate patterns...................................................................................... C. obscurus sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFA1FF83FF1CFA73A0E9FDDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
03C087A3FFA6FF8BFF1CF955A6F8FCE9.text	03C087A3FFA6FF8BFF1CF955A6F8FCE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax albatrossae Ho & Ma 2022	<div><p>Chaunax albatrossae sp. nov.</p> <p>English name: Albatross frogmouth</p> <p>Figs. 5, 6A; Tables 1‒4</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04839D32-DD22-42B8-868A-46FB5017D48C</p> <p>Holotype. MNHN 2005-0517 (77.3 mm SL), ca. 13°38’N, 121°39’E, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.65/lat 13.633333)">Luzon Island</a>, Philippines, 195–200 m, 1 Dec. 1973.</p> <p>Paratypes. Seven specimens, 59.3‒137.7 mm SL, all from Philippines: MNHN 2005-0608 (2 specimens, 59.3– 93.5 mm SL), 12°19’58.8’’N, 121°42’0’’E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.7/lat 12.333)">Tablas Strait</a>, between Mindoro and Tablas Island, 673–675 m, 4 Jun. 1985; MNHN 2005-0876 (3, 44.9–119.2), 12°10’4.8’’N, 121°45’0’’E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.75/lat 12.168)">Tablas Strait</a>, between Mindoro and Tablas Island, 700–702 m, 4 Jun. 1985; USNM 168872 (1, 113.7), 8°34’48’’N, 124°1’22.8’’E, Iligen Bay, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.58" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.023/lat 8.58)">Mindanao Island</a>, 8 Aug. 1909; USNM 168883 (1, 137.7), 10°0’0’’N, 125°6’36’’E, Sogod Bay, off Leyte <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.11&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.11/lat 10.0)">Island</a>, 3‒1412 m, 31 Jul. 1909.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the vessel USFC Albatross, treated as feminine, in service with the United States Bureau of Fisheries in the late 1800s and early 1900s, which collected the first two specimens of the present species.</p> <p>Diagnosis. A small species (reaching 137.7 mm SL) of the C. abei species group with dark gray mouth cavity and dark brown to black gill chamber and gill rakers; skin covered with short, simple spinules; lateral-line neuromasts BD 2–4 (mainly 3), GH 12–13, BI 28–33 (30–32); GRii 10–12 (11); eye large (9.6‒12.0% SL); head relatively long (42.4‒46.3% SL), pre-preopercular length 31.1‒32.1% SL, predorsal length 51.1‒53.0% SL, upper-jaw 25.0‒26.2% SL; peritoneum black; body in preserved state uniformly creamy-white, including esca.</p> <p>Description. Morphometric (expressed as % SL) and meristic data are given in Tables 1‒4. Data for holotype provided below followed by ranges for paratypes in parentheses, when different.</p> <p>D III, 12; P 12 (11‒12, mainly 12); A 7; C 9. Lateral-line neuromasts: AB 11 (10‒11); AC 8; BD 3 (2–4); CD 6 (5–7, mainly 5‒6); DG 3; EF 6; FG 3; GH 12/13 (12‒13); BB 6; BB’ 4; BI 32/33 (28–33, mainly 30‒32), including 2/3 (2–4) on caudal fin. Gill rakers: GRi 4 +12 (10‒12)=16 (14–16); GRii 11 (10–12); GRiii 1+11 (10‒11)=12 (11 or 12); GRiv 10 (9‒10).</p> <p>Head length 2.3 (2.2–2.4) in SL; head width 5.5 (5.3–5.7) in SL, 2.4 (2.3–2.4) in HL; predorsal length 1.9 (1.9– 2.0) in SL; pre-gill-opening length 1.6 (1.5–1.7) in SL; pre-preopercular length 3.2 (3.1–3.2) in SL, 1.4 (1.3–1.5) in HL; upper jaw 3.9 (3.8–4.0) in SL, 1.7 (1.7–1.8) in HL; illicial length 12.0 (11.8–12.6) in HL; pre-illicial length 13.8 (13.4–14.5) in HL; illicial trough length 6.4 (5.5–7.1) in HL; eye diameter 4.5 (4.2–4.8) in HL; post-anus length (TL1) 3.1 (2.8–3.2) in SL, 1.4 (1.3–1.4) in HL; post-dorsal length (TL2) 5.1 (4.9–5.2) in SL, 2.2 (2.1–2.3) in HL; post-anal length (TL3) 5.7 (5.3–6.5) in SL, 2.5 (2.3–2.8) in HL; caudal-peduncle height 5.2 (5.0–5.4) in HL; caudalfin length 3.4 (3.2–3.7) in SL, 1.5 (1.4–1.6) in HL.</p> <p>Body slender but head globular, skull slightly elevated posteriorly. Skin thin, loose and flaccid, semi-transparent. Pectoral- and pelvic-fin rays with free tips. Caudal peduncle relatively long and slender, slightly depressed, tapering posteriorly.</p> <p>Illicium short and stout, esca with large central tongue (sensu Le Danois, 1978) bearing many thin cirri. Illicial trough broadly rounded or oval, flat, relatively short and broad, subequal in length to diameter of eye pupil. Interorbital space flat and broad.</p> <p>Dermal spinules relatively short and thin, all straight and simple (Fig. 6A); 4 or 5 rows of spinules in front of illicial trough; no spinules on illicial trough or illicial base; 3 or 4 pairs of spinules flanking lateral-line neuromasts.</p> <p>Teeth on both jaws slender, fang-like. Band of 6–7 irregular tooth rows on upper jaw, tooth length gradually increasing from outer to inner rows; 3–4 irregular rows of teeth on lower jaw, in same arrangement as on upper jaw. Teeth on vomer small, in approximately 3 irregular rows, separated into 2 patches by medial gap. Teeth on palatine small, in elongate patch close to outer end of corresponding vomerine patch.</p> <p>Cirri present on surfaces of both jaws and lateral sides of body, mainly associated with lateral-line canals; no cirri on dorsal surface of head, supraocular membranes or lower part of maxilla.</p> <p>Coloration. Fresh coloration unknown but presumably uniformly pinkish, with or without colored spots or patches. Preserved specimens light brownish without marks or spots; esca creamy-white, most cirri pale or brownish distally, but some uniformly brown on anterior surface; tongue and mouth cavity blackish (some paratypes paler than others following long-term preservation); gill chamber mostly blackish, paler on ventral surface; gill arches uniformly blackish, except rakers and filaments pale; peritoneum black.</p> <p>Size. Attaining 137.7 mm SL (USNM 168883); apparently a small species.</p> <p>Distribution. Type series collected from central Philippines at depths of 195–702 m, excluding one specimen (USNM 168883) with imprecise depth record of 3‒1412 m. This species apparently rare in collections, possibly reflecting either low population size or restricted distribution.</p> <p>Remarks. This new species is quite unusual in having a dark mouth cavity and gill chamber, something that is rare in chaunacids. Four other chaunacid species, three of them newly described below in the C. fimbriatus species group, do possess this feature but can be easily separated from C. albatrossae by the cirri on the dorsal surface of their heads and other diagnostic characters given in their respective accounts. Another species Chaunacops melanostomus, which has a uniformly dark brown body, also has dark mouth cavity and gill chamber.</p> <p>All the specimens comprising the type series of C. albatrossae were initially identified by us as Chaunax apus Lloyd, 1909 (Fig. 7A), a species that also occurs in the Philippines, because both species have a uniform, creamywhite color when preserved and they share similar proportions. But the new species differs from C. apus in having a dark gray or dark brown mouth cavity and gill chamber (vs. uniformly pale); relatively short and fine, uniformly straight dermal spinules (Fig. 6A; vs. slender and curved, Fig. 6B); GH 12‒13 (vs. 12–19, mainly 14–16); and BI 28‒33 (vs. 30‒43, mainly 37‒40).</p> <p>Chaunax albatrossae is likely sympatric with C. breviradius but not with C. abei. It has a relatively larger eye diameter, longer head, longer pre-opercular, predorsal and pre-gill opening lengths and longer upper-jaw length than either C. abei (Figs. 7B, C) or C. breviradius (Figs. 7D, E) from the South China Sea (Table 4), as well as the other members of the C. abei species group in the Indo-West Pacific region besides C. apus (Ho, pers. data). Moreover, C. albatrossae has short, simple dermal spinules (Fig. 6A), different from the mixture of bifurcate and simple spinules in C. abei (Fig. 6C) but similar to those of C. breviradius (Fig. 6D).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFA6FF8BFF1CF955A6F8FCE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
03C087A3FFAEFF96FF1CFC08A75DFC35.text	03C087A3FFAEFF96FF1CFC08A75DFC35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax erythraeus Ho & Ma 2022	<div><p>Chaunax erythraeus sp. nov.</p> <p>Red eyebrow frogmouth</p> <p>Figs. 8, 9, 10A‒D; Tables 1‒3, 5</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C36C1B7-4329-4943-B4E0-8911C24A5D06</p> <p>Holotype. NMMB-P21097 (1, 225), ca. 24°30’N, 125°25.2’E, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.42/lat 24.5)">Da-xi</a>, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, bottom trawl, ca. 300 m, 17 Jun. 2013, purchased from fish market.</p> <p>Paratypes. NMMB-P21098 (1, 203), 17 Jun. 2013; ASIZP 63219 (1, 224), 24 Apr. 2004; both collected from near the type locality.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name erythraeus, a Latin adjective meaning reddish, refers to the uniformly pinkishred coloration, which is unique among the members of the C. fimbriatus species group.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body uniformly pinkish- or orange-red when fresh, mouth cavity light gray but darker in pharyngeal region, gill chamber entirely black. Tail short and stout (TL1=27.1‒27.9% SL; TL2=13.5‒16.1% SL; TL3=10.4‒ 11.1% SL). GH 10 (rarely 11), BI 29‒33, GRii 8‒9, P 13.</p> <p>Description. Morphometric (expressed as % SL) and meristic data are provided in Tables 1‒3, 5 Following data provided first for holotype, followed in parentheses by range for paratypes, when different.</p> <p>D III, 12; P 13; A 7; C 9. Lateral-line neuromasts: AB 10/10 (10‒11); AC 8/8 (8); BB 6 (6); BB’ 4 (4); BD 3/3 (2‒3); CD 7/6 (6‒7); DG 4/4 (3‒4); EF 6/6 (6); FG 3/3 (3); GH 10/11 (10‒11); BI 32/33 (29‒33), including 3/4 (3‒4) on caudal fin base. Gill rakers: GRi 3+9= 12 (3+8‒9=11‒12); GRii 9 (8‒9); GRiii 1+9=10 (1+7‒9=8‒10); GRiv 7 (6‒7)</p> <p>Head length 2.4 (2.4‒2.5) in SL; head width 5.2 (4.5‒5.5) in SL, 2.2 (1.9‒2.2) in HL; pre-preopercular length 3.5 (3.5) in SL, 1.4 (1.4) in HL; predorsal length 2.1 (2.0‒2.1) in SL; pre-gill-opening length 1.7 (1.6‒1.7) in SL; illicial length 13.6 (10.3‒13.6) in HL, illicial trough length 6.7 (5.9‒6.8) in HL; eye diameter 5.6 (5.0‒5.6) in HL; upper jaw 4.7 (4.7‒4.8) in SL, 1.9 (1.9‒2.0) in HL; post-dorsal fin length 6.3 (6.2‒7.4) in SL, 2.6 (2.5‒3.0) in HL; post-anus length 3.6 (3.6‒3.7) in SL, 1.5 (1.4‒1.5) in HL; post-anal fin length 9.7 (9.0‒9.3) in SL, 4.0 (3.7‒4.0) in HL; caudal peduncle depth 4.4 (4.1‒4.4) in HL; caudal fin length 3.5 (3.5‒3.7) in SL, 1.5 (1.4‒1.5) in HL.</p> <p>Body robust, relatively deep and broad. Head globular with broad interorbital space; skull slightly elevated posteriorly. Trunk cylindrical. Skin relatively thin, loose and flaccid; tips of pectoral- and pelvic-fin rays well connected by membranes. Caudal peduncle relatively short and stout, slightly cylindrical, tapering posteriorly.</p> <p>Illicium short and stout; esca with fat central tongue bearing many thin, pink cirri. Illicial trough relatively shallow, oval, about 1.5 times longer than wide, slightly smaller than eye window. Second dorsal-fin spine close to illicium, third dorsal-fin spine situated at about midpoint of pre-dorsal distance, both spines embedded beneath skin.</p> <p>Dermal spinules relatively thin and slender (Figs. 10A‒D), mostly simple but those on body mixed with very sparse bifurcate spinules; interspaces of dermal spinules about equal to their length. In front of illicial trough, wide band of 4 rows of dermal spinules and more posterior narrow band of 1‒2 rows separated by short naked area; 3‒4 pairs of short spinules bridging successive neuromasts. Interspaces of lateral-line neuromasts much wider than width of neuromast.</p> <p>Teeth relatively slender, fang-like. Broad band of about 8 irregular rows of teeth on upper jaw, those situated mesially slightly larger, posterior one-third of band tapering. Band of about 6 irregular rows of teeth on lower jaw; teeth similar in size to those in upper jaw, those of innermost row slight longer than others. Vomer with 2 bands of teeth separated by small gap, each band comprising about 4 irregular tooth rows. Each palatine with single band of about 4 rows of small teeth.</p> <p>Cirri present on external surface of both jaws, membrane above eye, interorbital space, dorsal surfaces of head and body, lower part of premaxilla, lateral sides of body and caudal peduncle; those on dorsal surface of head sometimes branched.</p> <p>Coloration. When fresh (Figs. 8. 9A), body surface uniformly pinkish-red with ventral side paler; cirri on esca pinkish with orange tips; cirri on body white to pink; gill chamber uniformly black (Fig. 9D); mouth cavity white anteriorly, gradually becoming gray posteriorly. After preservation, body surface uniformly creamy-white; illicium, esca and illicial trough pale; gill chamber uniformly black; gill arches light gray; and peritoneum black.</p> <p>Distribution. Only known from three species in the type series collected from northeastern Taiwan at depths of around 300 m; apparently endemic to this region.</p> <p>Remarks. Chauanx erythraeus sp. nov. is the only species among the ten species recognized in the C. fimbriatus species group with a uniformly pinkish- or orange-red coloration (uniformly creamy-white when preserved) and a uniformly black gill chamber (vs. a uniformly pale gill chamber or one with some black patches; Ho, pers. obs.).</p> <p>Chaunax flammeus, known only from the holotype taken off northern Madagascar, also has a uniformly pale body color when preserved, but Le Danois (1979) stated that the fresh adult is yellow-pink with irregular marbling. In addition, C. erythraeus has a relatively short tail (TL1=27.1‒27.9% SL, TL2=13.5‒16.1% SL, TL3=10.4‒11.1% SL) compared to that of C. flammeus (TL1=34.1% SL, TL2=18.5% SL, TL3=16.9% SL); and a black gill chamber (vs. uniformly pale).</p> <p>Chaunax hollemani Ho &amp; Ma 2016 also displays a uniformly creamy-white color when preserved, but its fresh coloration is still unknown. It differs from C. erythraeus in having different numbers of lateral-line neuromasts: DG 3 (vs. mainly 4), GH 11‒14 (mainly 11; vs. 10‒11, mainly 10), and BI 33‒38 (vs. 29‒33). It also has a relatively longer tail (TL1=28.9‒31.8% SL, TL2 15.2‒19.4% SL, TL3=13.7‒15.9% SL), compared to those of C. erythraeus (TL1= 27.1‒27.9%SL, TL2=13.5‒16.1% SL and TL3= 10.4‒10.7% SL).</p> <p>The remaining 8 congeners in the C. fimbriatus species group have complex color patterns that easily allow their separation from C. erythraeus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFAEFF96FF1CFC08A75DFC35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
03C087A3FFB3FF91FF1CFC74A5A3FE19.text	03C087A3FFB3FF91FF1CFC74A5A3FE19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax obscurus Ho & Ma 2022	<div><p>Chaunax obscurus sp. nov.</p> <p>Black-mouth frogmouth</p> <p>Figs. 11, 12A‒C, 13A‒E, 14A; Tables 1‒3, 5</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F9C7A38E-63BD-4DEF-BD39-DB8A4CD405D9</p> <p>Holotype. NMMB-P34690 (254), ca. 24°30’N, 125°25.2’E, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.42/lat 24.5)">Daxi</a>, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, bottom trawl, ca. 200‒300 m, 25 Aug. 2020.</p> <p>Paratypes. ASIZP 71252 (1, 175), off Daxi, Yilan, 7 Jul. 2004; NMMB-P34691 (1, 187), NMMB-P34692 (1, 180), NMMB-P34693 (1, 170), NMMB-P34694 (1, 164), NMMB-P34695 (1, 141), NMMB-P34696 (1, 133), all collected together with holotype.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name, a Latin adjective meaning dark, refers to the black mouth cavity and gill chamber.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species of C. fimbriatus group distinguished from other members of that group by its black mouth cavity and gill chamber; skin covered with simple spinules; relatively short caudal peduncle (TL1=25.5% SL, TL2=17.9% SL, TL3=13.5% SL); 3‒5 spinules flanking neuromasts; fresh body coloration (orange-red with irregular small yellow patterns on dorsal surface, latter turning pale when preserved); yellowish green to brown esca; modal lateral-line neuromasts: BD 2, CD 6, DG 3 or 4, FG 3, GH 11 or 12; and P 13 or 14.</p> <p>Description. Morphometric (expressed as % SL) and meristic data are provided in Tables 1‒3, 5. Following data provided first for holotype, followed in parentheses by range for paratypes, when different.</p> <p>D III, 12; P 13; A 7; C 9. Lateral-line neuromasts: AB 11/12 (10‒12, mainly 11); AC 8/8 (7 or 8, mainly 8); BB 6; BB’ 6 (4‒6, mainly 6); BD 2/2 (2); CD 6/7 (6‒8, mainly 6); DG 4/4 (3‒5, mainly 4); EF 6/6 (5‒7, mainly 6); FG 3/3 (2 or 3, mainly 3); GH 10/11 (10‒12, mainly 11); BI 28/30 (28‒36), including 0/2 (0‒4) on caudal-fin base. Gill rakers: GRi 4+9=13 (3‒4+8‒10=12‒14); GRii 9 (8‒10); GRiii 1+10=11 (1+9‒10=10‒11), GRiv 8 (7 or 8).</p> <p>Head length 2.3 (2.2‒2.4) in SL; head width 4.9 (4.5‒5.2) in SL, 2.1 (2.0‒2.2) in HL; pre-preopercular length 3.3 (3.1‒3.6) in SL, 1.4 (1.3‒1.5) in HL; predorsal length 2.1 (1.9‒2.1) in SL; pre-gill opening length 1.6 (1.5‒1.7) in SL; illicial length 11.5 (8.6‒11.5) in HL, illicial trough length 5.2 (5.3‒6.0) in HL; eye diameter 6.3 (4.7‒6.3) in HL; upper jaw 4.3 (4.2‒5.4) in SL, 1.9 (1.8‒2.3) in HL; post-dorsal fin length 6.3 (5.6‒8.1) in SL, 2.7 (2.4‒3.5) in HL; post-anus length 3.6 (3.2‒3.9) in SL, 1.6 (1.4‒1.7) in HL; post-anal fin length 9.4 (7.0‒9.4) in SL, 4.1 (3.0‒4.1) in HL; caudal peduncle depth 11.2 (10.2‒11.2) in SL, 4.9 (4.4‒4.9) in HL; caudal fin length 3.7 (3.2‒3.7) in SL, 1.6 (1.3‒1.6) in HL.</p> <p>Body robust, relatively deep. Head globular with broad interorbital space, skull slightly elevated posteriorly. Trunk cylindrical. Skin thick, loose and flaccid; tips of pectoral- and pelvic-fin rays well connected by thick skin. Caudal peduncle relatively short and stout, somewhat cylindrical, tapering posteriorly.</p> <p>Illicium short and stout; esca with thick central tongue bearing many yellowish-green to brown cirri. Illicial trough slightly concave, oval, about twice as long as wide, its length about equal to eye diameter.</p> <p>Dermal spinules relatively short and stout; interspaces slightly greater than spinule length. Broad band of about 14 (10‒14) rows of dermal spinules in front of illicial trough; 3‒5 pairs of short spinules flanking neuromasts; interspaces of lateral-line neuromasts much longer than width of neuromast.</p> <p>Teeth relatively slender and fang-like; band of about 8 (6‒8) irregular rows of teeth on upper jaw, those in middle portion slightly larger than rest, posterior one-third narrower than rest of band; band of 6 (5‒6) irregular rows of teeth on lower jaw, teeth slightly larger than those on upper jaw with those in innermost row slightly longer than others. Vomer with 2 bands of teeth separated by small gap, with about 4 (3 or 4) irregular rows in each band. Each palatine with single band of small teeth.</p> <p>Cirri present on external surface of both jaws, interorbital space, membranes above eye, dorsal surfaces of head and body, lower part of premaxilla, lateral body and caudal peduncle; most cirri relatively strong and branched.</p> <p>Coloration. When fresh (Figs. 11A‒B, 13A‒E), body covered with many irregular, 3‒8 mm wide yellow patches forming reticulate patterns on orange-red background, but ventral side paler. Cirri on esca yellowish-green to brown, those on body pale to orange red. In preserved state (Figs. 13C, 14A), markings faded to numerous irregular pale patches on light brown background and ventral side pale; cirri on esca deep brown, cirri on body pale; gill chamber black except for small pale region posteriorly, mouth cavity gray anteriorly but gradually becoming black posteriorly, gill arches gray, peritoneum black.</p> <p>Distribution. Currently only known from type series collected off northeastern Taiwan at depths of around 300 m; likely an endemic species in this area.</p> <p>Remarks. All of the present specimens of Chaunax obscurus sp. nov. were collected together with C. fimbriatus and C. viridiretis sp. nov. (described below) off northeastern Taiwan, but the first species was much less abundant than the other two. All three species are very similar to each other in coloration and morphology, but C. obscurus can be separated from C. fimbriatus by two distinct features, its lack of white patches dorsally (Figs. 11, vs. 15A) and its mainly black gill chamber (Fig. 13E; vs. pale, Fig. 13F, or sometimes with small irregular black patches). The dorsal white patches of C. fimbriatus are clear and distinct in both fresh and preserved condition and its color patches remain gray or brown in preserved specimens (Fig. 14B), whereas they fade in preserved specimens of C. obscurus (Fig. 14A).</p> <p>Chaunax umbrinus Gilbert, 1905, which inhabits the Hawaiian Islands and the Emperor Seamount chain (pers. data), is readily separable from C. obscurus by having very fine greenish-yellow patches on the dorsal surface (Fig. 15B), that turn brown when preserved to form a very fine pale reticulated pattern on a brownish background (Figs. 14C).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFB3FF91FF1CFC74A5A3FE19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
03C087A3FFBAFF9DFF1CFF31A7F4FF61.text	03C087A3FFBAFF9DFF1CFF31A7F4FF61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaunax viridiretis Ho & Ma 2022	<div><p>Chaunax viridiretis sp. nov.</p> <p>Green-net frogmouth</p> <p>Figs. 14D, 16, 17; Tables 1‒3, 5</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 85DEDE30-A621-4AED-86D8-C99844D9C38D</p> <p>Holotype. ASIZP 64503 (196), ca. 24°58’N, 121°58’E, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.96667/lat 24.966667)">Da-xi</a>, Yilan, northeastern Taiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, ca. 300 m, 19 Jun. 2004, coll. H.-C. Ho, purchased from Da-xi fish market.</p> <p>Paratypes. Nine specimens, 162‒203 mm SL. ASIZP 64499 (2, 165–192), AMS I.44816-001 (ex. ASIZP 64499, 162), USNM 395937 (ex. ASIZP 64499, 2, 168–203), 13 Jun. 2004; ASIZP 64567 (3, 165–183), AMS I.44816-002 (ex. ASIZP 64567, 177), 7 Jul. 2004; ASIZP 64569 (2, 148–172), 7 Jul. 2004; ASIZP 65400 (1, 168), 7 Jul. 2004; NMMB-P23373 (1, 159), 7 Jul. 2004; NMMB-P23374 (1, 180), 7 Jul. 2004; all collected from near type locality.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a genitive noun phrase formed by combining the Latin adjective viridis, meaning green, and the genitive form retis of the Latin noun rete, meaning net, refers to the greenish irregular reticulate pattern on the body surface.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species in C. fimbriatus group displaying irregular green reticulate pattern on dorsal surface when fresh, with patches of small, bright white spots on interorbital space, head and origin of dorsal fin. Mouth cavity pale and gill chamber blackish. llicium short and stout; esca yellowish green. Slender cirri arising within interorbital space and on lower part of maxilla and supraocular membranes. Spinules on dorsal surface relatively strong and stout, their interspaces being shorter than their lengths. BD 2–3, GH 11–13, BI 32–35; GRii 8–9; P 13–14 (mainly 14).</p> <p>Description. Morphometric (expressed as % SL) and meristic data are provided in Tables 1‒3, 5. Following data provided first for holotype, followed in parentheses by range for paratypes, when different.</p> <p>D III, 12; P 13–14 (mainly 14); A 7; C 9. Lateral-line neuromasts: AB 11 (11–12); AC 8 (7–8); BB 6; BB’ 4 (4–5); BD 2 (2–3); CD 6 (6–7); DG 4 (3–5); EF 6 (5–7); FG 3; GH 12 (11–13); BI 33/35 (32–37), including 2–4 on caudal-fin base. Gill rakers: GRi 3–5+8–10=11–14; GRii 8–9; GRiii 1+9 =10 (1+8–9=9–10); GRiv 7.</p> <p>Head length 2.5 (2.3–2.7) in SL; head width 5.4 (5.1–5.7) in SL, 2.2 (2.1–2.3) in HL; pre-preopercular length 3.5 (3.3–3.9) in SL, 1.4 (1.3–1.6) in HL; predorsal length 2.1 (1.9–2.1) in SL; pre-gill opening length 1.6 (1.5–1.7) in SL; illicial length 10.4 (8.3–13.2) in HL; illicial trough length 6.1 (5.2–6.8) in HL; pre-illicium length 13.5 (11.0–15.3) in HL; eye diameter 5.5 (4.9–6.6) in HL; upper jaw 4.7 (4.3–5.0) in SL, 1.9 (1.8–2.0) in HL; post-anus length (tail 1) 3.4 (3.2–3.7) in SL, 1.4 (1.3–1.5) in HL; post-dorsal length (tail 2) 5.9 (5.3–6.9) in SL, 2.4 (2.2–2.7) in HL; post-anal length 7.2 (6.3–8.2) in SL, 2.9 (2.5–3.3) in HL; caudal peduncle depth 4.3 (3.9–4.7) in HL; caudal fin length 3.4 (3.2–3.6) in SL, 1.4 (1.3–1.5) in HL.</p> <p>Body rather robust. Interorbital space broad and skull slightly elevated posteriorly. Skin relatively thick, tips of pectoral- and pelvic-fin rays well-connected to each other by skin. Caudal peduncle somewhat cylindrical, short and stout, tapering posteriorly.</p> <p>Illicium short and stout, esca with broad central tongue bearing many thin, greenish or yellowish cirri. Illicial trough relatively deep, oval, about 1.7 times longer than wide and shorter than eye window diameter.</p> <p>Dermal spinules relatively short and stout (Figs. 12F‒G), forming rough skin covering entire body except for eye windows, outer half of pectoral fins, entire anal fin and membranes of all fins; interspaces between dermal spinules slightly longer than spinule lengths. Wide transverse band of 7 or 8 rows of dermal spinules in front of illicial trough. Interspaces of lateral-line neuromasts slightly greater than the width of neuromasts; 3 or 4 pairs of short spinules flanking neuromasts.</p> <p>Teeth relatively slender and fang-like. Band of 5–6 irregular rows of teeth on upper jaw, those on middle and in inner row slightly longer than others, posterior one-third of band narrowing; band of 3–4 irregular rows of teeth on lower jaw, these teeth slightly longer than those of upper jaw, with those in innermost row slightly longer than others. Vomer with two bands of teeth separated by small gap, with 3 irregular tooth-rows in each band. Each palatine with single band of small teeth.</p> <p>Cirri on external surfaces of both jaws, interorbital space, supraocular membrane, dorsal surfaces of head and body, lower part of premaxilla, lateral sides of body and caudal peduncle; those on interorbital space and dorsal surface of head sometimes branched.</p> <p>Coloration. When fresh, body reddish with irregular greenish reticulate pattern on dorsal surface and paler ventral surface; small bright-white spots in small patches on interorbital space, head and origin of dorsal fin; esca yellowish-green. When preserved, dorsal surface showing gray reticulate pattern, esca brownish. Mouth cavity pale anteriorly, grayish posteriorly; gill chamber and peritoneum black.</p> <p>Distribution. Currently only known from the type series collected (according to the fishermen involved) by bottom trawl from a rocky bottom near the coast of northeastern Taiwan at depths of about 300 m. Likely an endemic species in this area, in light of the first author’s more than 20 years of observations in many museum collections.</p> <p>Remarks. Chaunax viridiretis sp. nov. shares similar body proportions and meristic values with C. fimbriatus and C. obscurus, which co-occur with it in northeastern Taiwan (Tables 1–3, 5). When fresh, C. obscurus has yellow patches on an orange-red background, which fade after preservation to form pale patches with light brown reticulations, whereas C. viridiretis has small, yellow-green patches on a reddish background, which turn dark gray after preservation and form a dark-brown marbled pattern with paler reticulations (Fig. 14A, vs. 14D). Furthermore, the mouth cavity of C. obscurus is gray anteriorly and black posteriorly (Fig. 13D), while that of C. viridiretis is mostly pale, with the pharyngeal region light gray. Chaunax viridiretis sp. nov. differs from C. fimbriatus in having fine greenish reticulation on dorsal surface and bright white patches on the interorbital space, head and origin of the dorsal fin (vs. a yellowish or reddish pattern with two bright-white patches on the dorsal surface); greenish cirri on the esca when fresh (vs. grayish to brownish cirri); relatively stout (vs. slender) spinules; BD mainly 2 (vs. 3); and CD mainly 6 (vs. 7).</p> <p>Among non-sympatric species, C. viridiretis sp. nov. is similar to C. umbrinus in having a complicated reticulate color pattern, but can be distinguished by the pattern’s greenish color and the bright white patches on the interorbital space, head and origin of the dorsal fin (vs. a fine yellowish or reddish pattern and no white patches); greenish cirri on the esca (vs. brownish cirri); relatively stout (vs. relatively slender) spinules; and DG modally 4 (vs. modally 3), CD modally 6 (vs. modally 7) (Tables 1‒4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A3FFBAFF9DFF1CFF31A7F4FF61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Ma, Wen-Chun	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Ma, Wen-Chun (2022): Four new species of the frogmouth genus Chaunax (Lophiiformes: Chaunacidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines. Zootaxa 5189 (1): 146-179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.17
