taxonID	type	description	language	source
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	description	Figs 1 a, b, 2 a, 3 a, 4 a-c, 5 a-c	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scutellum mostly brownish black, middle area yellow; wing marked with small brown marks at base of Rs, tip of R 1, base of R 2 + 3, fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, and fork of M 1 + 2; epandrial clasper tapering and slightly curved distally to the middle, inner side with two papillary projections; medial lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus ear-shaped.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 8.0 mm, wing length 9.0 mm. Vertex and frons black; face and clypeus yellow with brown hairs; gena yellow with a black elliptical spot medially, hairs on gena dark brown; occiput yellow. Compound eyes black without pubescence. Scape, pedicel and basal 1 / 2 of 1 st flagellomere yellow, remaining flagellomeres dark brown; hairs dark brown. Proboscis yellow with brown hairs. Palpus yellow with last segment gradually darked apically, hairs brown. Thorax (Fig. 1 a, b). Pronotum and propleuron yellow. Prescutum mostly brownish black, anterior margin with lateral area yellow; scutum and paratergite mostly brownish black, posterior margin yellow; scutellum mostly brownish black, middle area yellow with a patch of dense brown hairs; postnotum yellow. Mesopleuron uniformly yellow. Coxae and trochanters yellow. Wing (Fig. 2 a) 3.3 times as long as wide, subhyaline, apical 1 / 2 slightly brown, marked with small brown marks at base of Rs, tip of R 1, base of R 2 + 3, fork of R 4 + 5, r-m, and fork of M 1 + 2. Veins brown; Sc ending in C exceeding basal 1 / 3 of R 2 + 3; Rs straight, 4 times the length of r-m; r-m arise from Rs. Wing with setae below fold in cell cua 2, and over tip 1 / 3 of wing. Halter and prehaltere pale yellow with brown hairs. Abdomen. First tergum yellow with caudal 1 / 3 brownish black, 2 nd tergum brownish black with middle area yellow, 3 rd tergum yellow with caudal 1 / 3 brownish black, 4 th tergum yellow with caudal 1 / 2 black, 5 th to 7 th terga black; first to 4 th sterna yellow, 5 th to 7 th sterna black; hairs on abdomen yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 3 a, 4 a-c, 5 a-c) black except caudal 1 / 2 of epandrial clasper brownish yellow. Epandrium (Fig. 4 a) bilobed, epandrial lobe narrow, epandrial clasper tapering and slightly curved distally to the middle, inner side with two papillary projections, with brown long hairs; epiproct V-shaped, with short hairs. Gonocoxite (Fig. 4 b) long and stout, 2 times as long as wide, basal apodeme small; apical process of paramere triangular, apex semilunar. Gonostylus (Fig. 4 b): anterior lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus elliptic with dense short hairs; medial lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus ear-shaped with dense short hairs; secondary lobe of apical stylus of gonostylus finger-shaped, slightly curved distally with several long hairs; tertiary lobe of apical stylus of gonostylus triangular, pointed apically; apical stylus of gonostylus finger-shaped, swollen distally with long hairs. Hypandrium (Fig. 4 c): basal division of hypandrium dumbbell-shaped basally with dense long hairs posteriorly; spathate lobe of hypandrium triangular with several long hairs; lateral extension of terminal division of hypandrium elliptic with dense long hairs on posterior 1 / 2; terminal division of hypandrium papillary. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 a-c): subapical sclerite tongue-shaped, apex of subapical sclerite round; aedeagal sclerites with apex laterally compressed, with dorsal corner extended dorsoanterior, curved sided and convergent; lateral ejaculatory processes with base narrow, extended anterolaterally; sperm sac subspherical; ejaculatory apodeme flag-like, closely associated with aedeagal sclerites, larger than sperm sac, paralleling anterior margin of sperm sac. Female. Unknown.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China · 1 ♂, holotype; Yunnan Province, Hekou District, Nanxi Town; 132 m; 22 May 2009; T. Zhang leg.; CAU · 1 ♂, paratype; same collection data as holotype; CAU.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
F44654F232D45A11A80607D87D52E45A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific name Ptychoptera hekouensis (adjective, feminine) referring to the type locality, Hekou.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	description	Figs 1 c, d, 2 b, 3 b, 4 d-f, 5 d-f	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mesopleuron mostly brown, except upper 1 / 2 of anepisternum yellow; wing marked with four brown marks and one brown band; epandrium not bilobed, epandrial lobe rectangle; epandrial clasper finger-shaped, merged basally, basal 1 / 2 broad and rectangle, apical 1 / 2 narrowing bilaterally; secondary lobe of apical stylus of gonostylus sickle-shaped; terminal division of hypandrium elliptic.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 7.5 mm, wing length 7.5 mm. Vertex and frons brown; face and clypeus yellow with brown hairs; gena yellow with a black elliptical spot medially, hairs on gena brown; occiput yellow. Compound eyes black without pubescence. Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres light yellow; hairs on antenna brown. Proboscis yellow with brown hairs. Palpus yellow with brown hairs. Thorax (Fig. 1 c, d). Pronotum light brown; propleuron yellow. Prescutum, scutum and paratergite uniformly brown; scutellum mostly brown, middle area yellowish brown; postnotum brown, laterotergite with a patch of dense brown hairs. Mesopleuron mostly brown, except upper 1 / 2 of anepisternum yellow. Coxae and trochanters yellow. Wing (Fig. 2 b) 3.8 times as long as wide, subhyaline, marked with four brown marks and one brown band as follows: four elliptic brown marks at base of cell R, tip of R 1, fork of R 4 + 5, and fork of M 1 + 2; one brown band extending from anterior margin of wing, covering base of R 2 + 3 and r-m, to the bend in distal section of CuA 2. Veins brown; Sc ending in C at level of basal 1 / 3 of R 2 + 3; Rs straight, 2 times the length of r-m; r-m arise from R 4 + 5. Wing with setae over Sc and Rs, at and below fold in cell cua 2, and over tip 1 / 2 of wing (sparse before forks of R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2). Halter and prehaltere pale yellow with light brown hairs. Abdomen. First tergum brown with basal 1 / 3 yellow, 2 nd tergum brown with middle 1 / 3 yellow, 3 rd tergum yellow with caudal 1 / 3 brown, 4 th to 6 th terga brown, 7 th tergum brown with posterior margin yellow; first to 3 rd sterna yellow, 4 th to 6 th sterna brown with posterior margin yellow, 7 th sternum yellow; hairs on abdomen brown. Male genitalia (Figs 3 b, 4 d-f, 5 d-f) yellow. Epandrium (Fig. 4 d) not bilobed, epandrial lobe rectangle, posterior margin with U-shaped concave; epandrial clasper finger-shaped, merged basally, basal 1 / 2 broad and rectangle, apical 1 / 2 narrowing bilaterally, with short brown hairs; epiproct triangular with short hairs. Gonocoxite (Fig. 4 e) short and stout, 1.5 times as long as wide, basal apodeme small; apical process of paramere papillary, apex with hooked projection. Gonostylus (Fig. 4 e): basal lobe of gonostylus ear-shaped with dense short hairs on inner side; secondary lobe of apical stylus of gonostylus sickle-shaped with short hairs; tertiary lobe of apical stylus of gonostylus triangular, round apically; apical stylus of gonostylus long and slender, finger-shaped with short hairs. Hypandrium (Fig. 4 f): basal division of hypandrium trapeziform, anterior margin with V-shaped concave, posterior margin with dense long hairs; membranous window of terminal division circular; terminal division of hypandrium elliptic. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 d-f): subapical sclerite rectangular, apex of subapical sclerite slightly concave; aedeagal sclerites with apex laterally compressed, with dorsal corner extended dorsoanterior, curved sided and convergent, base broad; lateral ejaculatory processes with base straight, narrow, extended straight anterolaterally; sperm sac subspherical; ejaculatory apodeme flag-like, closely associated with aedeagal sclerites, larger than sperm sac, paralleling anterior margin of sperm sac. Female. Unknown.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China · 1 ♂, holotype; Guizhou Province, Suiyang District, Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve; 11 Aug. 2010; S. Liu leg.; CAU · 1 ♂, paratype; same collection data as holotype; CAU.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guizhou).	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
B314C53B572B50CEBDFFD78D4E00EEBD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific name from Latin Ptychoptera longa (adjective, feminine, meaning " long "), referring to the long epandrial clasper.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	description	Figs 1 e, f, 2 c, 3 c, 4 g-i, 5 g-i	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mesopleuron mostly brown, except upper 1 / 2 of anepisternum yellow; wing marked with three brown marks and two brown bands; epandrial clasper with a curved finger-shaped projection interiorly; anterior lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus nose-shaped; medial lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus toothbrush-shaped.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	description	Description. Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 7.0 mm. Vertex and frons brown; face and clypeus yellow with light brown hairs; gena yellow with a black elliptical spot medially, hairs on gena brown; occiput yellow. Compound eyes black without pubescence. Scape and pedicel yellow, flagellomeres light yellow; hairs on antenna brown. Proboscis light yellow with light yellow hairs. Palpus light yellow with light yellow hairs. Thorax (Fig. 1 e, f). Pronotum and propleuron light brown. Prescutum, scutum, and paratergite uniformly brown; scutellum mostly brown, middle area yellowish brown; postnotum brown, laterotergite with a patch of dense brown hairs. Mesopleuron mostly brown, except upper 1 / 2 of anepisternum yellow. Coxae and trochanters yellow; femora yellow with brown ring apically; hairs on legs brown. Wing (Fig. 2 c) 3.8 times as long as wide, subhyaline, marked with three brown marks and two brown bands as follows: one triangular brown mark at base of M, two elliptic brown marks at base of Rs and at midlength of CuA 1; median band extending from anterior margin of wing, covering base of R 2 + 3 and r-m, to the bend in distal section of CuA 2; subapical band extending from anterior margin of wing, covering tip of R 1, R 2, and fork of R 4 + 5, to fork of M 1 + 2. Veins brown; Sc ending in C not at level of basal third of R 2 + 3; Rs slightly curved medially, 4.1 times the length of r-m; r-m arise from Rs. Wing with setae over Sc and Rs, at and below fold in cell cua 2, and over tip 1 / 2 of wing (slightly sparse before forks of R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2). Halter and prehaltere pale yellow with light brown hairs. Abdomen. First tergum light brown, 2 nd tergum light brown with middle 1 / 3 yellow, 3 rd tergum yellow caudal 1 / 2 light brown, 4 th to 6 th terga light brown, 7 th tergum yellow with basal 1 / 3 light brown; first to 3 rd sterna yellow, 4 th to 6 th sterna light brown with posterior margin yellow, 7 th sternum yellow with basal 1 / 3 light brown; hairs on abdomen light brown. Male genitalia (Figs 3 c, 4 g-i, 5 g-i) brown. Epandrium (Fig. 4 g) bilobed, epandrial lobe semicircular; epandrial clasper broad basally, with a curved finger-shaped projection interiorly, finger-shaped projection basally narrow, apically swollen, with uniformly long hairs; epandrial clasper narrowed medially and slightly curved ventrally, slightly swollen and flat apically, with dense long hairs; epiproct triangular, with two papillary projections posteriorly, with short hairs. Gonocoxite (Fig. 4 h) broad, 2 times as long as wide, inner side with a triangular projection medially, with dense hairs; basal apodeme small; apical process of paramere hooked. Gonostylus (Fig. 4 h): anterior lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus nose-shaped with several long hairs; medial lobe of basal lobe of gonostylus toothbrush-shaped, with a hairy semilunar lobe basally and a hairy papillary projection medially; apical stylus of gonostylus finger-shaped with short hairs. Hypandrium (Fig. 4 i): basal division of hypandrium triangular, anterior margin with V-shaped concave; terminal division of hypandrium gourd-shaped with dense short hairs. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 g-i): subapical sclerite triangular, apex of subapical sclerite flat; aedeagal sclerites with apex laterally compressed, with dorsal corner extended dorsoanterior, curved sided and convergent, base broad; lateral ejaculatory processes with base straight, extended straight anterolaterally; sperm sac subspherical; ejaculatory apodeme flag-like, closely associated with aedeagal sclerites, larger than sperm sac, paralleling anterior margin of sperm sac. Female. Unknown.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China · 1 ♂, holotype; Guangdong Province, Ruyuan District, Nanling National Forest Park, Mount Xiaohuangshan; 24 Aug. 2010; T. Zhang leg.; CAU · 1 ♂, paratype; same collection data as holotype; CAU.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangdong).	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
196BA69E8A25550EBE5ED2A5891C132A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Specific name Ptychoptera xiaohuangshana (adjective, feminine) referring to the type locality, Mount Xiaohuangshan.	en	Kang, Zehui, Gao, Gang, Zhang, Xiao, Yang, Ding, Wang, Junping (2022): Three new fold-winged crane flies of the genus Ptychoptera Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Ptychopteridae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1122: 159-172, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.86483
