identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2121159CE5715DA1BDE6C3E16034DFD7.text	2121159CE5715DA1BDE6C3E16034DFD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara acuta Scudder 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara acuta Scudder, 1869</p>
            <p>Figs 9A, 10A</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p>  ECUADOR • 1 ♂;  Rio
Aliso
 , nr San Isidro Resort, 2000 m; 2-6 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  •   1 ♂;  Baeza ; 10 Jul. 1985; ANSP  •   ♂;  Cosanga ; 10 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p>Tegmina slightly longer than pronotum; venation at costal margin sometimes greenish. Pronotum sparsely pubescent and with contrasting coloration: lateral lobes dark, dorsal portion light with dark median markings on front and rear margin, sometimes separation of dark lobes and lighter dorsal portion developed as light medially restricted lateral stripes on disc. Last tergite shallowly emarginate. Cerci in dorsal portion elongate, inward-curved, and pointed; below that, another, slightly stronger and also inward-directed pointed branch, with dorsally slightly more sclerotized ridge, so the cerci look bifurcate in caudal view. Styli very short but distinctive, 1-2 times as long as wide.</p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 4.2 mm, tegmina 5.1 mm, hind tibiae 9.1 mm.</p>
            <p>Notes. -</p>
            <p> Our three males are so similar to the female holotype of  A. acuta that we consider them conspecific. Fastigium shape and coloration details of the body match very well (the type is unfortunately lacking all legs except its right middle leg). The female was collected by the naturalist James Orton somewhere between Quito and the Napo region (Scudder 1869). His expedition spent time in Baeza and then camped at a locality about 6 km further south on the banks of the Cosanga River (Orton 1870). This is the very area where our specimens have been found, as well as the ones of the following two new species, which differ in coloration. According to measurements of pronotum and hind femora in the original description, the holotype appears to be adult, not a last-instar nymph as Gurney (1972) suspected. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2121159CE5715DA1BDE6C3E16034DFD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
1D8701F70A645E2AB24177BF73DBEFD4.text	1D8701F70A645E2AB24177BF73DBEFD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara brachycyma Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara brachycyma sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9B, 10B, 15</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p> Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; San Isidro, nr Cosanga; 2-6 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris; MLP .   Paratypes • 7 ♂♂;  San Isidro , nr Cosanga; 2-6 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1 ♂;  Cosanga ; 10 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1 ♀;  San Isidro , nr Cosanga; 2-6 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  •   7 ♀♀;  San Isidro , nr Cosanga; 2-6 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> Greek  βραχύς - brachys [short] and  κύμα - kyma [wave], a reference to the predominantly ultrasonic spectrum of the song (noun in apposition). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p> Fastigium almost straight, very tip slightly downcurved. Tegmina about as long as pronotum, stridulatory area of left tegmen with translucent fields occupying almost  ¾ of total length, the bulgy vein with stridulatory file underneath barely longer than mirror width. Pronotum with small blackish median spot on anterior margin (sometimes surrounded by a pair of smaller spots) and up to five spots on the rear margin, the middle one being the most prominent and the most lateral ones contiguous with the dark coloration of the lateral lobes. Last tergite shallowly bilobate. Cerci with a small dorsal tip and terminating in a ventrally directed process. The dorsal tip is directed medially and obtusely pointed. The ventral process is S-shaped, curving first inward and then downward, with an acute tip. </p>
            <p>Notes. -</p>
            <p> Very similar to  A. ridiculosa Gorochov, 2015 and distinguished by the following differences: no reticulation on mirror area of left tegmen (dense venation network in  Acanthacara ridiculosa according to photo in Gorochov 2015, fig. 69, cannot be illumination artifact); rear margin of last tergite shallowly emarginate without distinct lateral tips, rather with very broad lateral lobules (more or less distinctly rounded tips in  Acanthacara ridiculosa , see ventral view in fig. 71 (Gorochov 2015) for true contour, probably no shrinkage artifact); the secondary (dorsal) tip or process on the cerci is very short when viewed from all possible angles, directed inward, and in approximately same plane as terminal  Acanthacara zigzag process (in  Acanthacara ridiculosa , sticking out in dorsal view, apparently quite long in ventro-lateral view of fig. 72); the  Acanthacara zigzag process is distinctly thinner than rest of cercus and fully S-shaped: curved first perpendicularly inward-not quite horizontally but slightly downward-and then halfway-rearward and perpendicularly downward (in  Acanthacara ridiculosa , not thin over noticeable length, tip close to compact base, the inward-curved part relatively shorter in dorsal view in fig. 70). There are broad, thin and transparent, remotely cup-shaped structures below the cerci into which the latter could be stored, perhaps belonging to the paraproct, without any elongate or pointed processes (in  Acanthacara ridiculosa , corresponding structure with conspicuous processes visible in fig. 70 and looking acutely pointed in ventral view in fig. 71). Subgenital plate shallowly emarginate, with two lobes between the styli and with very short styli that are hardly twice as long as wide (the subgenital plate of  Acanthacara ridiculosa has a straight rear margin and the styli considerably longer according to figs 71, 72). </p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 4.3 mm, tegmina 4.0 mm, hind tibiae 9.3 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D8701F70A645E2AB24177BF73DBEFD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
EBA60A937BA856EEA8A7EF20B7960E2C.text	EBA60A937BA856EEA8A7EF20B7960E2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara dyonessa Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara dyonessa sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9D, 10D</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p> Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; old Baeza; 8 Apr. 1989; G.K. Morris; SN-2; MLP .   Paratypes: ECUADOR • 2 ♂♂;  Rio
Huagra Yacu
 near Baeza; 9 Apr. 1989; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1 ♂;  Baeza ; 23 Apr. 1989; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1 ♂;  Baeza ; 11 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p>Greek dyo [dive], nessa [duck] - referring to shape of male cerci resembling a diving duck.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p>Fastigium slightly longer than in other species. Tegmina as long as pronotum. Pronotum with small blackish spot on front margin and more or less extensive spot on rear margin. Cerci with bulky and obtuse in- and upward-directed tip, below that with another half as bulky inward-directed process, which has a thin digitiform and pointed ventral appendage. Styli very short and looking like lateral tips of the subgenital plate.</p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 4.5 mm, tegmina 3.9 mm, hind tibiae 9.6 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBA60A937BA856EEA8A7EF20B7960E2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
5510F4A018275C9695A1977CAAA41F99.text	5510F4A018275C9695A1977CAAA41F99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara incisa Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara incisa sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 9F, 10F, 18, 19</p>
            <p> Gymnacoustes unizip ('  Gymnacoustes unizip ' Morris 1987, field name:  Baños Blackface) </p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p> Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; Tungurahua; 25 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP .  Paratypes: ECUADOR • 1 ♂; Tungurahua; 25 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; SN-5, 85-5, Rec.; ANSP •  2 ♂♂; Tungurahua; 26 May 1983; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> Referring to the significant midline emargination of the posterior margin of abdominal tergite IX. In an excess of caution, we are careful to avoid a species name relating to song- e.g.,  Gymnacoustes unizip , as given in the ISV poster-for both the preceding  A. ortoni and  A. incisa . The two sing in earshot of each other and solitary vs. doubled zips easily distinguish their songs, but some confusion in field naming might have led to misapplication of song to these species. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p>Similar to previous species. Tegmina almost twice as long as pronotum. Pronotum with blackish spot on prozona and posteriorly diverging blackish spot on metazona, both spots connected by more narrow dark coloration in between. Last tergite with deep narrow cleft, wider in distal portion, and the lobes formed by this division with inward-directed tips sporting tiny teeth. Cerci with obtuse dorsal tip as in previous species; below that, with curved inward-directed process; ending also sort of two-tipped, with the lower tip developed as short spinule. Styli almost twice as long as wide.</p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 5.0 mm, tegmina 6.3 mm, hind tibiae 8.4 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5510F4A018275C9695A1977CAAA41F99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
8C05DDF21556506FBF5B03818C420DC2.text	8C05DDF21556506FBF5B03818C420DC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara ortoni Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara ortoni sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 4, 5, 9E, 10E, 16, 17</p>
            <p> Gymnacoustes isoharmonicus ('  Gymnacoustes isoharmonicus ' - Morris 1987, field name: Baeza Blackface) </p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p>  Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; Tungurahua,  Pondoa ; 16 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; 85-2; MLP  .   Paratypes: ECUADOR • 1 ♂; Tungurahua,  Pondoa ; 16 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; 85-1; ANSP  •   1 ♂; Tungurahua,  Pondoa ; 16 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; 85-3; ANSP  •   1 ♂; Tungurahua,  Pondoa ; 16 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; 85-4 [field recorded 1 of 3, 85-1, 85-2, 85-3]; ANSP  . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p>Dedicated to the aforementioned James Orton (1830-1877), Professor of Natural history at Vassar College in New York State, naturalist in South America (Orton 1916, Miller 1982). On his first trip there in 1867 he crossed the continent west to east, starting in Ecuador, securing biological specimens along the way. Among them were 22 new species of orthopterans, including 9 species of katydids (described in Scudder 1869, 3 names of grasshoppers are now considered synonyms). On the way home from his third expedition, after a series of mishaps which affected his health, he unfortunately died during a passage across Lake Titicaca at only 47 years old.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p>Similar to the next species. Tegmina slightly longer than pronotum; dark markings on pronotum indistinct. Last tergite terminally truncate or with broad and shallow emargination (perhaps shrinkage artifact). Cerci with obtuse dorsal tip; below that with curved and tapering inward-directed process, ending with sharp and recurved spine, and above this with small and inconspicuous obtuse tip. Styli about twice as long as wide.</p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 4.7 mm, tegmina 5.2 mm, hind tibiae 8.4 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C05DDF21556506FBF5B03818C420DC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
E677DF7F5F6159EF83BD52A98A6D520F.text	E677DF7F5F6159EF83BD52A98A6D520F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara Scudder 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara Scudder, 1869</p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> Not mentioned in the original description; probably derived from Greek  άκανθα -  ácantha [thorn] and, as in  Cestrophorus , certainly referring to the vertex being "prolonged into a sharply pointed, long and curved thorn" (Scudder 1869). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p> Habitus more slender compared to  Cestrophorus , with more delicately thin and elongate fastigium verticis. Tegmina not much longer than the narrower and more elongate pronotum; in males, the left tegmen with distinctively developed stridulatory area with transparent fields, the vein with the stridulatory file underneath relatively short. Male cerci not conspicuously broad at base and male subgenital plate with distinct styli. </p>
            <p>Redescription. -</p>
            <p> Small and slender, yellowish brown, brachypterous coneheads with strongly oblique face and prominent, almost straight or slightly recurved acuminate fastigium. Body length 17-22 mm; fastigium length almost twice the eye diameter. Pronotum shallow and rounded, dorsal contour flat or almost flat, posteriorly produced and in males diverging overtop bases of short tegmina that are of equal length or little longer than the pronotum, leaving at least half of the abdomen uncovered in live individuals. Stridulatory area of left tegmen subdivided in transparent fields usually free from venation: a speculum lies right behind the short cubital vein, and an adjacent lateral field lies left of this  ‘mirror’ . The cubital vein is fairly bulgy and occupies half or a little more of the total dorsal width of the tegmen. Females are apterous. The tiny acoustic spiracles are directed latero-posteriorly. All genicular lobes except the outer one of the fore tibiae armed. Male cerci at base moderately wide, with more or less prominent distal dorsal process and below that with another inward-directed process that sometimes has a more delicate ventral appendage. Male subgenital plate with short but distinct styli. Coloration ochre or light brown with extensive black markings on face and with darker brown and blackish markings and patterns on pronotum, abdomen and legs. Living in montane woodland. </p>
            <p>Notes. -</p>
            <p>All following diagnoses refer to males. Apart from the development of male tegmina, the species can be distinguished by the shape of male cerci. Measurements of the new species correspond to the holotypes (there is no significant variation among specimens of a particular species and there is little difference in the body size of all species). It is difficult to assign females to corresponding males. Below the species accounts, a key to all seven species is provided.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E677DF7F5F6159EF83BD52A98A6D520F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
D963756E533F521594C2138F1EEDEAD4.text	D963756E533F521594C2138F1EEDEAD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthacara zigzag Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acanthacara zigzag sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9C, 10C</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p> Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; old Baeza; 10 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris; MLP .   Paratypes: ECUADOR • 3 ♂♂; old  Baeza ; 10 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  • 1 ♂; old Baeza; 23 Apr. 1989; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP. </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p>Named for the alternating acute-angle direction changes of the male cerci.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p> Very similar to preceding species, with slightly longer cubital vein (longer than width of mirror) and different cerci. Fastigium almost straight. Tegmina of same length as pronotum; pronotum with 1 or 3 small blackish spots on anterior margin and 3 larger spots on rear margin. Last tergite ending in two lobes. Cercus with pointed medial branch, rectangularly inward-directed; below that, another inward-directed process with thinner and downward-directed appendage terminating in acute spinule. The structures below the cerci, mentioned for the previous species (see notes on comparison with  A. ridiculosa above), here have obtuse posterior tips. </p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Pronotum 4.0 mm, tegmina 4.3 mm, hind tibiae 7.6 mm.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D963756E533F521594C2138F1EEDEAD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
B84CC1A742BC52D1A265E629CA4561B8.text	B84CC1A742BC52D1A265E629CA4561B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cestrophorus amplitenuis Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cestrophorus amplitenuis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 7, 8E, F, 14</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p>  Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; Prov. Carchi, hwy 182, e. of  Maldonado ; 16 Apr. 1990; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  .   Paratypes: ECUADOR • 1 ♀; Prov. Carchi, hwy 182, e. of  Maldonado ; 16 Apr. 1990; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Prov. Carchi, hwy 182, e. of  Maldonado ; 16 Apr. 1990; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   4 ♂♂; Prov. Carchi, nr. road btwn Maldonado and Tulcan, s. of  Rio La Plata , 3100 m., primary forest; 26-31 Jul. 1988; Glenn, Pedersen &amp; Wechsler leg.; ANSP on loan to GKM  . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> Named in reference to the 'dying  fall’ of each  call’s amplitude: each song emission begins as intense sinusoids that then diminish (Fig. 14 B,C). Latin amplio [made large], tenuis [thin]. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p> As  C. ditachus , more slender than  C. paradoxus . Fastigium short and projecting only a little beyond scapus. General coloration light amber; in males. dorsal surface of pronotum medially dark brown, with whitish lateral fringes, especially in metazona. Male tegmina slender, almost as long as abdomen but leaving tip exposed. Females apterous. Male cerci with obtusely truncated dorsal lobe and acuminate terminal spine; ventro-internal process uniformly thin, fairly long, and slightly twisted. </p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Male: midline pronotum 4.4 mm, fastigium verticis 1.1 mm, tegmen 7.3 mm, hind tibia 9.1 mm; female: midline pronotum 4.0 mm, fastigium verticis 1.2 mm, hind tibia 9.5 mm, ovipositor 6.7 mm (based on holotype and one paratype).</p>
            <p>Field notes. -</p>
            <p> A road (182) runs west along the Colombian border from  Tulcán to Maldonado and beyond. The insects were taken roadside roughly 50 km west of  Tulcán . After Tofino, the road climbs the slope of  Volcán Chiles into paramo dotted with tall columnar "grey friar" plants. Their flowers are like small sunflowers in clusters. The road was (still is?) a single lane of rough winding dirt that favors switchbacks. We descended into a col of the volcano and passed a strangely colored lake with the strong smell of sulfur in the air. The light was beginning to fade as we crossed a height of land on the west side of the volcano and began to steadily descend. After proceeding downhill for several kilometers, we left the paramo but were not yet into forest. We stopped here to listen, the road bordered by shrubs and sedge, and heard singing. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B84CC1A742BC52D1A265E629CA4561B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
6AE6E9B88E415EBAB9F5D5D3FD578F1C.text	6AE6E9B88E415EBAB9F5D5D3FD578F1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cestrophorus ditachus Braun & Morris 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cestrophorus ditachus sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 8C, D, 13</p>
            <p> Gymnacoustes ditachus ('  Gymnacoustes ditachus ' Morris, 1987) </p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p> Holotype: ECUADOR • ♂; old Baeza; 11 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; SN-2, MLP .   Paratypes: ECUADOR • 1 ♂; old  Baeza ; 10 Jul. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; 85-1, Glassy Tegmina, ANSP  •  1 ♂; Tungurahua; 25 Feb. 1985; G.K. Morris leg.; GLASSY TEG, SN-3, ANSP •   1 ♀;  Cosanga ; 19 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  •   1 ♀;  Cosanga ; 19 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris; ANSP  . </p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> Named for its two-part, two-pulse-rate, song structure, readily apparent to the human ear in real time. Greek  δι di [two],  ταξηοσ tachos [speed]. This insect is also named (inadvertently but deservedly) for Dita Klimas, katydid field photographer extraordinaire. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p> More slender and uniformly colored than  C. paradoxus , with shorter tegmina. General coloration pale greenish; in males, metazona of pronotum with brown trapezoidal spot fringed by elongate whitish lateral spots. Male tegmina leaving abdomen tip exposed. Females uniformly greenish and apterous. Male cerci with obtusely triangular dorsal lobe (internally with inconspicuous toothlet at the tip) and robust inward-curved acuminate spine, baso-ventral spine with broad base and tapering in perpendicularly upcurved tip; above it on same lobe, another short spine (difficult to see). Styli completely reduced. </p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Male: midline pronotum 4.3 mm, fastigium verticis 1.7 mm, tegmen 7.5 mm, hind tibiae 8.6 mm; female: midline pronotum 4.1 mm, hind tibiae 9.7 mm, ovipositor 8.7 mm (based on holotype and one paratype).</p>
            <p>Field notes. -</p>
            <p> We hunted in light rain at the [historic pre-earthquake] townsite of Baeza, along a muddy rock-strewn trail fenced by barbed wire, uphill beyond the hospital and cemetery on the night of July 10, 1985. We recorded and captured one male  ‘agraeciine’ of "pearly pale cast", [like  C. paradoxus ] with white maculae prominent laterad on its pronotal metazona, its very pale greenish tegmina shorter than the abdomen, and its eardrums not recessed behind slits [field name 'glassy  tegmina’ ]. This specimen is now the holotype male. On July 11, GKM recorded another singer up the eastern branch of the trail above Baeza but failed to capture him. </p>
            <p> On July 25, 1985, we drove from Quito and parked part way up  Volcán Tungurahua at signed "ecological reserve" hut under construction, below Pondua. Many  C. ditachus sp. nov. were heard singing from shrubby vegetation scattered about a pasture (never a bovid seen). GKM "recorded a male singing from well above my head in a clump of bamboo and one small hardwood tree. After recording, we bent the bamboo down and searched the foliage with our lights," finding and capturing the presumed singer. "As we left the immediate vicinity of the road and climbed several hundred feet, the incidence of [C. ditacus sp. nov.] singers declined to zero. They had ceased calling by 10:30 pm. Chilly and soon one could only hear single quiet lisps recurring at intervals of several seconds, presumably  Acanthacara incisa. " </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AE6E9B88E415EBAB9F5D5D3FD578F1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
4D743D417AA95F5AAD83FC6F286225DC.text	4D743D417AA95F5AAD83FC6F286225DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cestrophorus paradoxus Redtenbacher 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cestrophorus paradoxus Redtenbacher, 1891</p>
            <p>Figs 6, 8A, B, 11, 12</p>
            <p>Material examined. -</p>
            <p>  ECUADOR • ♂;  Rio
Aliso
 ; 4 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  •   6 ♂♂;  Rio
Aliso
 ; 10 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   6 ♂♂;  Rio
Aliso
 ; 19 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   5 ♂♂;  Rio
Aliso
 ; 4 Jul. 2003; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1 ♀;  Rio
Aliso
 ; 19 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; ANSP  •   1♀;  Cosanga ; 10 Feb. 1988; G.K. Morris leg.; MLP  . </p>
            <p>Redescription. -</p>
            <p>Robust with fastigium projecting well beyond scapus. Males with contrasting coloration: fastigium blackish, dorsal surface of pronotum medially dark, in prozona and metazona blackish, in metazona broadly trapezoideal and fringed by a pair of ovoid elongate whitish lateral maculae (Fig. 8A), thin distal portion of hind tibiae blackish. Male tegmina greenish, broadened beyond width of pronotum and covering abdomen completely. Male cerci approximately broadly triangular in dorsal and lateral view, obtuse medial lobes with inconspicuous obtuse and recurved hook, almost touching in the middle, cercus terminating in sharp upcurved spine, and at the base with long and more or less perpendicularly upcurved spine (up to beyond the height of the dorsal hook).</p>
            <p>Measurements. -</p>
            <p>Male: midline pronotum 4.6 mm, fastigium verticis 1.8 mm, tegmina 9.2 mm; female: midline pronotum 3.8 mm, fastigium verticis 1.7 mm (based on two specimens, no apparent variation in size).</p>
            <p>Note. -</p>
            <p> All specimens-in February 1988 and again in July 2003-were taken from beside a forest path tracing the south bank of the  Río Aliso upstream; the site is reached by a (very) secondary road branching west from the main highway just before the town of Cosanga. About 3 km along this sideroad is the lodge  Cabañas San Isidro; a few km farther on, a posted sign at an iron bridge identifies the  Río Aliso. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D743D417AA95F5AAD83FC6F286225DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
94156D83BBAB59D99DAB447CF5A7B5F0.text	94156D83BBAB59D99DAB447CF5A7B5F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cestrophorus Redtenbacher 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cestrophorus Redtenbacher, 1891</p>
            <p>Etymology. -</p>
            <p> From original description: Greek  κέστρο - Latin subula [  shoemaker’s awl] and  ϕέρω - fero [bear, carry], surely referring to the notable fastigium: " fastigium verticis articulo primo antennarum fere duplo longius, subulatum, decurvum " (Redtenbacher 1891). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. -</p>
            <p>Small, robust to moderately compact. In males, pronotum posteriorly widened and metazona usually at least slightly elevated; male tegmina covering abdomen completely or leaving only tip exposed, left tegmen uniformly with coarse venation and long cubital vein occupying considerably more than half of total width. Male cerci short, broad, dorsally with obtuse medial lobe, below that terminating in acuminate inward curved spine, and ventrally at the base with another upcurved spine. Male subgenital plate with very short styli, almost looking like latero-terminal tips rather than separately articulated styli, sometimes completely reduced.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/94156D83BBAB59D99DAB447CF5A7B5F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Braun, Holger;Morris, Glenn K.	Braun, Holger, Morris, Glenn K. (2022): New species of awl-head katydids, Cestrophorus and Acanthacara, from the Andes of Ecuador (Orthoptera, Conocephalinae, Cestrophorini). Journal of Orthoptera Research 31 (2): 143-156, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.82306
