taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143714	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143752/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143752	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143803/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143803	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143726	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143748/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143748	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143766	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143778/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143778	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143813/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143813	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143821/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143821	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143831/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143831	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB7FFAF2720D4F6FD65FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143863/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143863	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143612/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143612	Figures 1–4. Grosphus madagascariensis. Type species of Grosphus Simon, 1880. Habitus. Male (1–2) and female (3–4), in dorsal (1, 3) and ventral (2, 4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 1–4. Grosphus madagascariensis. Type species of Grosphus Simon, 1880. Habitus. Male (1–2) and female (3–4), in dorsal (1, 3) and ventral (2, 4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143622	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143626	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143628	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143649/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143649	Figures 94–105. Spiracles on sternite IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Spiracle on right side of sternite IV in adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), shown under UV fluorescence. G. madagascariensis (94 from Anjiro, 95 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (96), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (97), G. voahangyae (98), T. ankarafantsika (99), T. ankarana (100), T. flavopiceus (101), T. grandidieri (102), T. limbatus (103), T. mahafaliensis (104), and T. olgae (105). Scale bars: 200 μm (96–98), 400 μm (94–95, 99, 103–105) or 1 mm (100–102).	Figures 94–105. Spiracles on sternite IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Spiracle on right side of sternite IV in adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), shown under UV fluorescence. G. madagascariensis (94 from Anjiro, 95 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (96), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (97), G. voahangyae (98), T. ankarafantsika (99), T. ankarana (100), T. flavopiceus (101), T. grandidieri (102), T. limbatus (103), T. mahafaliensis (104), and T. olgae (105). Scale bars: 200 μm (96–98), 400 μm (94–95, 99, 103–105) or 1 mm (100–102).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143685/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143685	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143714	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143718/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143718	Figures 239–243. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, dorsal (239) and ventral (240) views, sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (241), carapace and tergites I–III (242), and original label (243). Scale bar: 10 mm (239–240).	Figures 239–243. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, dorsal (239) and ventral (240) views, sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (241), carapace and tergites I–III (242), and original label (243). Scale bar: 10 mm (239–240).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143720/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143720	Figures 244–258. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (244), external (245), and ventrointernal (246) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (247), external (248), and ventral (249) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (250) and dorsal (251) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (252); right chelicera, dorsal (253) and ventral (254) views; telson lateral view (255); metasoma and telson, lateral (256), dorsal (257) and ventral (258) views.	Figures 244–258. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (244), external (245), and ventrointernal (246) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (247), external (248), and ventral (249) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (250) and dorsal (251) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (252); right chelicera, dorsal (253) and ventral (254) views; telson lateral view (255); metasoma and telson, lateral (256), dorsal (257) and ventral (258) views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143726	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143728/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143728	Figures 263–266. Grosphus hirtus, habitus. Male (263–264) and female (265–266), in dorsal (263, 265) and ventral (264, 2662) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 263–266. Grosphus hirtus, habitus. Male (263–264) and female (265–266), in dorsal (263, 265) and ventral (264, 2662) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143730/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143730	Figures 267–274. Grosphus hirtus, telson lateral view in male (267) and female (268); metasoma and telson in male and female, lateral (269, 272), ventral (270, 273) and dorsal (271, 274) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (269–274).	Figures 267–274. Grosphus hirtus, telson lateral view in male (267) and female (268); metasoma and telson in male and female, lateral (269, 272), ventral (270, 273) and dorsal (271, 274) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (269–274).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143732/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143732	Figures 275–290. Grosphus hirtus. Figures 275–277, 289–290. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (275) and external (276) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (277) view; sternopectinal region and sternite III (289) and carapace and tergites I–III (290). Figures 278–288. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (278), external (279) and ventrointernal (280) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (281), external (282) and ventral (283) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (284) and dorsoexternal (285) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (286); sternopectinal region and sternite III (287) and carapace and tergites I–III (288).	Figures 275–290. Grosphus hirtus. Figures 275–277, 289–290. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (275) and external (276) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (277) view; sternopectinal region and sternite III (289) and carapace and tergites I–III (290). Figures 278–288. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (278), external (279) and ventrointernal (280) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (281), external (282) and ventral (283) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (284) and dorsoexternal (285) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (286); sternopectinal region and sternite III (287) and carapace and tergites I–III (288).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143734/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143734	Figures 291–292. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai, dorsal (291) and ventral (292) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 291–292. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai, dorsal (291) and ventral (292) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143738/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143738	Figures 293–305. Grosphus hirtus. Figure 293. Juvenile paratype of G. garciai, pedipalp chela dorsal. Figures 294–305. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai. Figures 294–302. Left pedipalp (mirrored), pedipalp chela, dorsal (294), external (295) and ventrointernal (296) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (297), external (298) and ventral (299) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (300) and dorsal (301) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (302). Figures 303–305. Carapace and tergites I–III (303), sternopectinal region and sternites III–VI (304) and telson lateral view (305).	Figures 293–305. Grosphus hirtus. Figure 293. Juvenile paratype of G. garciai, pedipalp chela dorsal. Figures 294–305. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai. Figures 294–302. Left pedipalp (mirrored), pedipalp chela, dorsal (294), external (295) and ventrointernal (296) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (297), external (298) and ventral (299) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (300) and dorsal (301) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (302). Figures 303–305. Carapace and tergites I–III (303), sternopectinal region and sternites III–VI (304) and telson lateral view (305).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143742/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143742	Figures 306–309. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male (306–307) and female (308–309), dorsal (306, 308) and ventral (307, 309) views. Scale bars: 10 mm..	Figures 306–309. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male (306–307) and female (308–309), dorsal (306, 308) and ventral (307, 309) views. Scale bars: 10 mm..	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143744	Figures 310–315. Grosphus madagascariensis. Metasoma and telson. Male (310–312) and female (313–315), dorsal (310, 313), lateral (311, 314) and ventral (312, 315) views. Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 310–315. Grosphus madagascariensis. Metasoma and telson. Male (310–312) and female (313–315), dorsal (310, 313), lateral (311, 314) and ventral (312, 315) views. Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143748/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143748	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143750/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143750	Figures 320–340. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male (320–330) and female (331–340). Chela in dorsal (320, 331), external (321, 332) and ventrointernal (322, 333) views. Patella in dorsal (323, 334), external (324, 335) and ventral (325, 336) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (326, 337), dorsal (327, 338), ventral (329, 339) and external (329, 340) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (330). Scale bar: 4 mm.	Figures 320–340. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male (320–330) and female (331–340). Chela in dorsal (320, 331), external (321, 332) and ventrointernal (322, 333) views. Patella in dorsal (323, 334), external (324, 335) and ventral (325, 336) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (326, 337), dorsal (327, 338), ventral (329, 339) and external (329, 340) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (330). Scale bar: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143752/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143752	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143756/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143756	Figures 348–351. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male holotype (348–349) and female paratype (350–351) of Grosphus mandena in dorsal (348, 350) and ventral (349, 351) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 348–351. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male holotype (348–349) and female paratype (350–351) of Grosphus mandena in dorsal (348, 350) and ventral (349, 351) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143760/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143760	Figures 352–355. Grosphus voahangyae. Habitus. Male (352–353) and female (354–355), dorsal (352, 354) and ventral (353, 355) views. Scale bars: 5 mm.	Figures 352–355. Grosphus voahangyae. Habitus. Male (352–353) and female (354–355), dorsal (352, 354) and ventral (353, 355) views. Scale bars: 5 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143764/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143764	Figures 356–361. Grosphus voahangyae. Metasoma. Male (356–358) and female (359–361), dorsal (356, 359), lateral (357, 360) and ventral (358, 361) views. Scale bars: 2 mm.	Figures 356–361. Grosphus voahangyae. Metasoma. Male (356–358) and female (359–361), dorsal (356, 359), lateral (357, 360) and ventral (358, 361) views. Scale bars: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143766	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143768/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143768	Figures 366–386. Grosphus voahangyae. Pedipalp. Male (366–376) and female (377–386). Chela in dorsal (366, 377), external (367, 378) and ventral (368, 379) views. Patella in dorsal (369, 380), external (370, 381) and ventral (371, 382) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (372, 383), dorsal (373, 385), external (375, 386) and ventral (374, 384) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (376). Scale bars: 2 mm (366–375, 377–386).	Figures 366–386. Grosphus voahangyae. Pedipalp. Male (366–376) and female (377–386). Chela in dorsal (366, 377), external (367, 378) and ventral (368, 379) views. Patella in dorsal (369, 380), external (370, 381) and ventral (371, 382) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (372, 383), dorsal (373, 385), external (375, 386) and ventral (374, 384) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (376). Scale bars: 2 mm (366–375, 377–386).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143835/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143835	Figures 580–581. Grosphus madagascariensis. Male and female, in vivo habitus (580) and female with newborns (581).	Figures 580–581. Grosphus madagascariensis. Male and female, in vivo habitus (580) and female with newborns (581).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143837/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143837	Figures 582–583. Grosphus madagascariensis. Female with newborns (582) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (583).	Figures 582–583. Grosphus madagascariensis. Female with newborns (582) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (583).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFB9FFAA27A9D257FD18FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143622	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143626	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143628	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143861/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143861	Figures 606–609. Neogrosphus griveaudi. Habitus. Male (606–607) and female (608–609), dorsal (606, 608) and ventral (607, 609) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 606–609. Neogrosphus griveaudi. Habitus. Male (606–607) and female (608–609), dorsal (606, 608) and ventral (607, 609) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFAA27B2D214FC77FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143863/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143863	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143614	Figures 5–8. Teruelius limbatus. Type species of Teruelius gen. n. Habitus. Male (5–6) and female (7–8), dorsal (5, 7) and ventral (6, 8) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	Figures 5–8. Teruelius limbatus. Type species of Teruelius gen. n. Habitus. Male (5–6) and female (7–8), dorsal (5, 7) and ventral (6, 8) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143622/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143622	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	Figures 28–29. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Horizontal histograms comparing PTC in males (28), and females (29) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), bars mid-range values.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143626/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143626	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	Figures 30–35. Variation in pectinal tooth count (PTC) in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 30–31. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in males (30), and females (31) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Color lines are least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 32–33. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (32) and female (33) buthids including both α and β trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 1055♂, 1046♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for larger sample of buthids. Figures 34–35. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of PTC vs. carapace length in Figs. 30–31 superposed upon overall scaling trends for a larger sample of male (34) and female (35) α-buthids restricted to α trichobothrial configurations (gray symbols; 445♂, 371♀). Dark lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for α-buthids. Numbers: slopes of regression lines (= allometric exponents). Purple symbols and lines: outgroup Pseudolychas.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143628/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143628	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	Figures 36–39. Comparative biometrics of female basal pectinal tooth and hemispermatophore trunk of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figures 36–37. Logarithmic scatter plots showing scaling of length of female basal pectinal tooth vs. carapace length (36), and hemispermatophore trunk length vs. carapace length (37). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera. Figures 38–39. Logarithmic scatter plots of female basal pectinal tooth length vs. hemispermatophore trunk length (38), and the ratio of basal pectinal tooth length/ hemispermatophore trunk length (%) vs. hemispermatophore trunk length, showing fraction of trunk spanned by the female tooth (39). Female basal pectinal tooth length measured as chord length, from more proximal corner (along comb axis) at base of tooth, to more distal corner (along comb axis) at tip of tooth. Trunk length measured from proximal edge of basal lobe to pedicel (foot). Color lines: least squares linear regression fits of scaling trends for the different genera.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143647	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143685/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143685	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143714	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143772/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143772	Figures 387–390. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Habitus. Male paratype (387–388) and female holotype (389–390), dorsal (387, 389) and ventral (388, 390) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 387–390. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Habitus. Male paratype (387–388) and female holotype (389–390), dorsal (387, 389) and ventral (388, 390) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143774/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143774	Figures 391–408. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (391–393, 404–405) and female holotype (394–403, 406–408). Figures 391–402. Pedipalp.Chela in dorsal (391, 394), external (392, 395) and ventral (396) views. Patella in dorsal (397), external (398) and ventral (399) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (393, 400) and dorsal (401) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (402). Figures 403–408. Telson in lateral (403, 404) views. Metasoma and telson in lateral (405, 406), dorsal (407) and ventral (408) views.Scale bar: 10 mm (406–408).	Figures 391–408. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (391–393, 404–405) and female holotype (394–403, 406–408). Figures 391–402. Pedipalp.Chela in dorsal (391, 394), external (392, 395) and ventral (396) views. Patella in dorsal (397), external (398) and ventral (399) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (393, 400) and dorsal (401) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (402). Figures 403–408. Telson in lateral (403, 404) views. Metasoma and telson in lateral (405, 406), dorsal (407) and ventral (408) views.Scale bar: 10 mm (406–408).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143778/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143778	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143780/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143780	Figures 418–419. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Male in dorsal (418) and ventral (419) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 418–419. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Male in dorsal (418) and ventral (419) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143782/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143782	Figures 420–421. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Female in dorsal (420) and ventral (421) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 420–421. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Female in dorsal (420) and ventral (421) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143784/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143784	Figures 422–425. Teruelius annulatus. Habitus. Male (422–423) and female (424–425), dorsal (422, 424) and ventral (423, 425) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 422–425. Teruelius annulatus. Habitus. Male (422–423) and female (424–425), dorsal (422, 424) and ventral (423, 425) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143788/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143788	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143790/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143790	Figures 436–438. Teruelius bistriatus. Habitus. Female syntype in dorsal (436) and ventral (437) views, and original labels (438). Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 436–438. Teruelius bistriatus. Habitus. Female syntype in dorsal (436) and ventral (437) views, and original labels (438). Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143792/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143792	Figures 439–446. Teruelius bistriatus. Metasoma and telson. Male (439, 441–443) and female syntypes (440, 444–446), lateral (439–441, 444), ventral (442, 445) and dorsal (443, 446) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (441–443, 444–446).	Figures 439–446. Teruelius bistriatus. Metasoma and telson. Male (439, 441–443) and female syntypes (440, 444–446), lateral (439–441, 444), ventral (442, 445) and dorsal (443, 446) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (441–443, 444–446).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143794/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143794	Figures 447–458. Teruelius bistriatus. Pedipalp. Female (447–452) and male (453–458) syntypes. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (447, 453), external (448, 454) and ventrointernal (449, 455) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (450, 456) and ventral (457) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter in dorsal (451, 458) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (452). Pedipalp of male is mirrored.	Figures 447–458. Teruelius bistriatus. Pedipalp. Female (447–452) and male (453–458) syntypes. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (447, 453), external (448, 454) and ventrointernal (449, 455) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (450, 456) and ventral (457) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter in dorsal (451, 458) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (452). Pedipalp of male is mirrored.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143796/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143796	Figure 459. Teruelius feti. Holotype juvenile male. Habitus, dorsal view, with specimen labels (FMNH). Scale bar: 5 mm (holotype). Figure 459a. Adult female from Makay Mts., carapace and tergites I–II.	Figure 459. Teruelius feti. Holotype juvenile male. Habitus, dorsal view, with specimen labels (FMNH). Scale bar: 5 mm (holotype). Figure 459a. Adult female from Makay Mts., carapace and tergites I–II.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143798/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143798	Figures 460–472. Teruelius feti. Holotype male. Metasoma and pedipalp. Figures 460–462. Metasoma in dorsal (460), lateral (461) and ventral (462) views. Figures 463–472. Pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (463), external (464) and ventral (465) views. Patella in dorsal (466), external (467) and ventral (468) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (469), dorsal (470), ventral (471) and external (472) views. Right femur shows developmental anomaly (Figs. 469, 472). Scale bars: 2 mm (460–462, 463–472).	Figures 460–472. Teruelius feti. Holotype male. Metasoma and pedipalp. Figures 460–462. Metasoma in dorsal (460), lateral (461) and ventral (462) views. Figures 463–472. Pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (463), external (464) and ventral (465) views. Patella in dorsal (466), external (467) and ventral (468) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (469), dorsal (470), ventral (471) and external (472) views. Right femur shows developmental anomaly (Figs. 469, 472). Scale bars: 2 mm (460–462, 463–472).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143801/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143801	Figures 473–476. Teruelius flavopiceus. Habitus. Male (473–474) and female (475–476), dorsal (473, 475) and ventral (474, 476) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 473–476. Teruelius flavopiceus. Habitus. Male (473–474) and female (475–476), dorsal (473, 475) and ventral (474, 476) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143803/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143803	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143805/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143805	Figures 491–494. Teruelius grandidieri. Habitus. Male (491–492) and female (493–494), dorsal (491, 493) and ventral (492, 494) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 491–494. Teruelius grandidieri. Habitus. Male (491–492) and female (493–494), dorsal (491, 493) and ventral (492, 494) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143809/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143809	Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496. Habitus in dorsal (495) and ventral (496) views, and original labels. Figures 497–499. Metasoma in lateral (497), ventral (498) and dorsal (499) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496. Habitus in dorsal (495) and ventral (496) views, and original labels. Figures 497–499. Metasoma in lateral (497), ventral (498) and dorsal (499) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143811/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143811	Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (500), external (501) and ventrointernal (502) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (503), external (504) and ventral (505) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (506) and dorsal (507) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (508). Figure 509. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 510. Sternopectinal region. Figure 511. Telson lateral view.	Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (500), external (501) and ventrointernal (502) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (503), external (504) and ventral (505) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (506) and dorsal (507) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (508). Figure 509. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 510. Sternopectinal region. Figure 511. Telson lateral view.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143813/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143813	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143815/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143815	Figures 516–521. Teruelius limbatus. Figures 516–519. Habitus. Male (516–517) and female (518–519), dorsal (516, 518) and ventral (517, 519) views. Figure 520. Pedipalp chela external, male. Figure 521. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin, female. Scale bar: 10 mm (516–519).	Figures 516–521. Teruelius limbatus. Figures 516–519. Habitus. Male (516–517) and female (518–519), dorsal (516, 518) and ventral (517, 519) views. Figure 520. Pedipalp chela external, male. Figure 521. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin, female. Scale bar: 10 mm (516–519).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143817/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143817	Figures 522–525. Teruelius mahafaliensis. Habitus. Male holotype of G. rossii (522–523) and male from near the type locality of T. mahafaliensis (524–525), dorsal (522, 524) and ventral (523, 525) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 522–525. Teruelius mahafaliensis. Habitus. Male holotype of G. rossii (522–523) and male from near the type locality of T. mahafaliensis (524–525), dorsal (522, 524) and ventral (523, 525) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143819/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143819	Figures 526–537. Teruelius mahafaliensis, female (526, 529–530, 535), male (527–528, 531–534) and male holotype of G. rossii (536–537). Sternopectinal region (526–527). Carapace and tergites I–II (528). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (529). Pedipalp chela dorsal (530–531) and external (532) views. Pedipalp patella dorsal (533) view. Pedipalp femur and trochanter dorsal (534) view. Metasoma V and telson lateral (535) view. Metasoma and telson dorsal (536) and ventral (537) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (536–537).	Figures 526–537. Teruelius mahafaliensis, female (526, 529–530, 535), male (527–528, 531–534) and male holotype of G. rossii (536–537). Sternopectinal region (526–527). Carapace and tergites I–II (528). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (529). Pedipalp chela dorsal (530–531) and external (532) views. Pedipalp patella dorsal (533) view. Pedipalp femur and trochanter dorsal (534) view. Metasoma V and telson lateral (535) view. Metasoma and telson dorsal (536) and ventral (537) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (536–537).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143821/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143821	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143823/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143823	Figures 542–546. Teruelius olgae, male paratype.Figures 542–543. Habitus, dorsal (542) and ventral (543) views, and original labels. Figures 544–546. Metasoma and telson in lateral (544), ventral (545) and dorsal (546) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (542–543, 544–546).	Figures 542–546. Teruelius olgae, male paratype.Figures 542–543. Habitus, dorsal (542) and ventral (543) views, and original labels. Figures 544–546. Metasoma and telson in lateral (544), ventral (545) and dorsal (546) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (542–543, 544–546).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143825/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143825	Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548. Habitus, dorsal (547) and ventral (548) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 549–551. Metasoma and telson. lateral (549), ventral (550) and dorsal (551) views. Scale bar: 5 mm.	Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548. Habitus, dorsal (547) and ventral (548) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 549–551. Metasoma and telson. lateral (549), ventral (550) and dorsal (551) views. Scale bar: 5 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143827/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143827	Figures 552–563. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Figures 552–560. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (552), external (553) and ventrointernal (554) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (555), external (556) and ventral (557) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (558) and dorsal (559) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (560). Figure 561. Carapace and tergites I–II. Figure 562. Sternopectinal region. Figure 563. Telson lateral view.	Figures 552–563. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Figures 552–560. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (552), external (553) and ventrointernal (554) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (555), external (556) and ventral (557) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (558) and dorsal (559) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (560). Figure 561. Carapace and tergites I–II. Figure 562. Sternopectinal region. Figure 563. Telson lateral view.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143829/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143829	Figures 564–575. Teruelius olgae. Female pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (564), external (565), ventral (566) and internal (567) views. Patella in dorsal (568), external (569), ventral (570) and internal (571) views. Femur and trochanter in dorsal (572), internal (573), external (574) and ventral (575) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	Figures 564–575. Teruelius olgae. Female pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (564), external (565), ventral (566) and internal (567) views. Patella in dorsal (568), external (569), ventral (570) and internal (571) views. Femur and trochanter in dorsal (572), internal (573), external (574) and ventral (575) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143831/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143831	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143839/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143839	Figures 584–587. Teruelius ankarana. Juveniles before second (584 top), after second (584 below and 585), third (586) and fourth (587) ecdysis.	Figures 584–587. Teruelius ankarana. Juveniles before second (584 top), after second (584 below and 585), third (586) and fourth (587) ecdysis.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143843/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143843	Figures 588–589. Teruelius ankarana. Male (588) and female (589), in vivo habitus.	Figures 588–589. Teruelius ankarana. Male (588) and female (589), in vivo habitus.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143845/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143845	Figures 590–592. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juveniles after second (590), third (591) and fourth (592) ecdysis.	Figures 590–592. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juveniles after second (590), third (591) and fourth (592) ecdysis.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143847/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143847	Figures 593–594. Teruelius flavopiceus. Male (593) and female (594), in vivo habitus.	Figures 593–594. Teruelius flavopiceus. Male (593) and female (594), in vivo habitus.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143849/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143849	Figures 595–596. Teruelius flavopiceus. Female with newborns (595) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (596).	Figures 595–596. Teruelius flavopiceus. Female with newborns (595) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (596).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143851/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143851	Figures 597–599. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juvenile with duplicated metasoma (597, 599) and its unsuccesful second ecdysis (598).	Figures 597–599. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juvenile with duplicated metasoma (597, 599) and its unsuccesful second ecdysis (598).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143853/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143853	Figures 600–601. Teruelius grandidieri. Male (600) and female (601) in vivo habitus.	Figures 600–601. Teruelius grandidieri. Male (600) and female (601) in vivo habitus.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143857/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143857	Figures 602–603. Teruelius grandidieri. Female with newborns (602) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (603).	Figures 602–603. Teruelius grandidieri. Female with newborns (602) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (603).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143859/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143859	Figures 604–605. Teruelius limbatus. Male (in the middle) and females (604) and female with newborns (605).	Figures 604–605. Teruelius limbatus. Male (in the middle) and females (604) and female with newborns (605).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FFBCFFB224B1D341FDFCF845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143718/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143718	Figures 239–243. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, dorsal (239) and ventral (240) views, sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (241), carapace and tergites I–III (242), and original label (243). Scale bar: 10 mm (239–240).	Figures 239–243. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, dorsal (239) and ventral (240) views, sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (241), carapace and tergites I–III (242), and original label (243). Scale bar: 10 mm (239–240).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143720/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143720	Figures 244–258. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (244), external (245), and ventrointernal (246) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (247), external (248), and ventral (249) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (250) and dorsal (251) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (252); right chelicera, dorsal (253) and ventral (254) views; telson lateral view (255); metasoma and telson, lateral (256), dorsal (257) and ventral (258) views.	Figures 244–258. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (244), external (245), and ventrointernal (246) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (247), external (248), and ventral (249) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (250) and dorsal (251) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (252); right chelicera, dorsal (253) and ventral (254) views; telson lateral view (255); metasoma and telson, lateral (256), dorsal (257) and ventral (258) views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8DFF9B2461D66BFBE1FB8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143726	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	Figures 259–262. Grosphus goudoti, male holotype, distal segments of right legs I–IV, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143734/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143734	Figures 291–292. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai, dorsal (291) and ventral (292) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 291–292. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai, dorsal (291) and ventral (292) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143738/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143738	Figures 293–305. Grosphus hirtus. Figure 293. Juvenile paratype of G. garciai, pedipalp chela dorsal. Figures 294–305. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai. Figures 294–302. Left pedipalp (mirrored), pedipalp chela, dorsal (294), external (295) and ventrointernal (296) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (297), external (298) and ventral (299) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (300) and dorsal (301) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (302). Figures 303–305. Carapace and tergites I–III (303), sternopectinal region and sternites III–VI (304) and telson lateral view (305).	Figures 293–305. Grosphus hirtus. Figure 293. Juvenile paratype of G. garciai, pedipalp chela dorsal. Figures 294–305. Grosphus hirtus, male holotype of G. garciai. Figures 294–302. Left pedipalp (mirrored), pedipalp chela, dorsal (294), external (295) and ventrointernal (296) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (297), external (298) and ventral (299) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (300) and dorsal (301) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (302). Figures 303–305. Carapace and tergites I–III (303), sternopectinal region and sternites III–VI (304) and telson lateral view (305).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143728/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143728	Figures 263–266. Grosphus hirtus, habitus. Male (263–264) and female (265–266), in dorsal (263, 265) and ventral (264, 2662) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 263–266. Grosphus hirtus, habitus. Male (263–264) and female (265–266), in dorsal (263, 265) and ventral (264, 2662) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143730/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143730	Figures 267–274. Grosphus hirtus, telson lateral view in male (267) and female (268); metasoma and telson in male and female, lateral (269, 272), ventral (270, 273) and dorsal (271, 274) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (269–274).	Figures 267–274. Grosphus hirtus, telson lateral view in male (267) and female (268); metasoma and telson in male and female, lateral (269, 272), ventral (270, 273) and dorsal (271, 274) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (269–274).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143732/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143732	Figures 275–290. Grosphus hirtus. Figures 275–277, 289–290. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (275) and external (276) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (277) view; sternopectinal region and sternite III (289) and carapace and tergites I–III (290). Figures 278–288. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (278), external (279) and ventrointernal (280) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (281), external (282) and ventral (283) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (284) and dorsoexternal (285) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (286); sternopectinal region and sternite III (287) and carapace and tergites I–III (288).	Figures 275–290. Grosphus hirtus. Figures 275–277, 289–290. Female, pedipalp chela, dorsal (275) and external (276) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (277) view; sternopectinal region and sternite III (289) and carapace and tergites I–III (290). Figures 278–288. Male, pedipalp chela, dorsal (278), external (279) and ventrointernal (280) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (281), external (282) and ventral (283) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internodorsal (284) and dorsoexternal (285) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (286); sternopectinal region and sternite III (287) and carapace and tergites I–III (288).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D193FDFCF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143612/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143612	Figures 1–4. Grosphus madagascariensis. Type species of Grosphus Simon, 1880. Habitus. Male (1–2) and female (3–4), in dorsal (1, 3) and ventral (2, 4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 1–4. Grosphus madagascariensis. Type species of Grosphus Simon, 1880. Habitus. Male (1–2) and female (3–4), in dorsal (1, 3) and ventral (2, 4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143649/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143649	Figures 94–105. Spiracles on sternite IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Spiracle on right side of sternite IV in adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), shown under UV fluorescence. G. madagascariensis (94 from Anjiro, 95 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (96), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (97), G. voahangyae (98), T. ankarafantsika (99), T. ankarana (100), T. flavopiceus (101), T. grandidieri (102), T. limbatus (103), T. mahafaliensis (104), and T. olgae (105). Scale bars: 200 μm (96–98), 400 μm (94–95, 99, 103–105) or 1 mm (100–102).	Figures 94–105. Spiracles on sternite IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Spiracle on right side of sternite IV in adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), shown under UV fluorescence. G. madagascariensis (94 from Anjiro, 95 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (96), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (97), G. voahangyae (98), T. ankarafantsika (99), T. ankarana (100), T. flavopiceus (101), T. grandidieri (102), T. limbatus (103), T. mahafaliensis (104), and T. olgae (105). Scale bars: 200 μm (96–98), 400 μm (94–95, 99, 103–105) or 1 mm (100–102).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143685/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143685	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143714	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143756/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143756	Figures 348–351. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male holotype (348–349) and female paratype (350–351) of Grosphus mandena in dorsal (348, 350) and ventral (349, 351) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 348–351. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male holotype (348–349) and female paratype (350–351) of Grosphus mandena in dorsal (348, 350) and ventral (349, 351) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143752/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143752	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	Figures 341–347. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male. Chela in dorsal (341), external (342) and ventrointernal (343) views. Patella in dorsal (344) and external (345) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (346) and dorsoexternal (347) views. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143742/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143742	Figures 306–309. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male (306–307) and female (308–309), dorsal (306, 308) and ventral (307, 309) views. Scale bars: 10 mm..	Figures 306–309. Grosphus madagascariensis. Habitus. Male (306–307) and female (308–309), dorsal (306, 308) and ventral (307, 309) views. Scale bars: 10 mm..	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143744/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143744	Figures 310–315. Grosphus madagascariensis. Metasoma and telson. Male (310–312) and female (313–315), dorsal (310, 313), lateral (311, 314) and ventral (312, 315) views. Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 310–315. Grosphus madagascariensis. Metasoma and telson. Male (310–312) and female (313–315), dorsal (310, 313), lateral (311, 314) and ventral (312, 315) views. Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143748/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143748	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	Figures 316–319. Grosphus madagascariensis, male, right legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2722D713FB4DFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143750/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143750	Figures 320–340. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male (320–330) and female (331–340). Chela in dorsal (320, 331), external (321, 332) and ventrointernal (322, 333) views. Patella in dorsal (323, 334), external (324, 335) and ventral (325, 336) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (326, 337), dorsal (327, 338), ventral (329, 339) and external (329, 340) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (330). Scale bar: 4 mm.	Figures 320–340. Grosphus madagascariensis. Pedipalp. Male (320–330) and female (331–340). Chela in dorsal (320, 331), external (321, 332) and ventrointernal (322, 333) views. Patella in dorsal (323, 334), external (324, 335) and ventral (325, 336) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (326, 337), dorsal (327, 338), ventral (329, 339) and external (329, 340) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (330). Scale bar: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143760/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143760	Figures 352–355. Grosphus voahangyae. Habitus. Male (352–353) and female (354–355), dorsal (352, 354) and ventral (353, 355) views. Scale bars: 5 mm.	Figures 352–355. Grosphus voahangyae. Habitus. Male (352–353) and female (354–355), dorsal (352, 354) and ventral (353, 355) views. Scale bars: 5 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143764/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143764	Figures 356–361. Grosphus voahangyae. Metasoma. Male (356–358) and female (359–361), dorsal (356, 359), lateral (357, 360) and ventral (358, 361) views. Scale bars: 2 mm.	Figures 356–361. Grosphus voahangyae. Metasoma. Male (356–358) and female (359–361), dorsal (356, 359), lateral (357, 360) and ventral (358, 361) views. Scale bars: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143766	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	Figures 362–365. Grosphus voahangyae, male, left legs I–IV tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (362), leg II (363), leg III (364), leg IV (365). Scale bar: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D333FB5BFF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143768/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143768	Figures 366–386. Grosphus voahangyae. Pedipalp. Male (366–376) and female (377–386). Chela in dorsal (366, 377), external (367, 378) and ventral (368, 379) views. Patella in dorsal (369, 380), external (370, 381) and ventral (371, 382) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (372, 383), dorsal (373, 385), external (375, 386) and ventral (374, 384) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (376). Scale bars: 2 mm (366–375, 377–386).	Figures 366–386. Grosphus voahangyae. Pedipalp. Male (366–376) and female (377–386). Chela in dorsal (366, 377), external (367, 378) and ventral (368, 379) views. Patella in dorsal (369, 380), external (370, 381) and ventral (371, 382) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (372, 383), dorsal (373, 385), external (375, 386) and ventral (374, 384) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (376). Scale bars: 2 mm (366–375, 377–386).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D233FA99FF85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143636/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143636	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	Figures 52–70. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (and/ or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores unless indicated as mirrored left images. Figure 52. G. madagascariensis, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm). Figure 53. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 54. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Anjiro, G. halleuxi nr topotype, GLPC. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 55. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Mandena- Fort Dauphin, G. mandena paratype, MHNG.Scale bar: 500 μm.Figure 56. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Madagascar, det. Vachon, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 57. G. madagascariensis, capsule, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 58. G. goudoti, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 59. G. goudoti, capsule, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 60. G. hirtus, whole hemispermatophore (scale bar: 2 mm), capsule and flagellum (scale bar: 1 mm), Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 61. G. hirtus, capsule, Mahajamba River, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figures 62–65. G. hirtus, capsules in convex view.Antsiranana, Ramena vill., mirrored left, GLPC, FKCP (62), Jardin Botanique, MHNG (63), Ranohira-Llakaka, ZMUH, mirrored left (64), Forêt de Vohitaly, MHNG (65). Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 66. G. hirtus, capsule, Forest Station Ampijoroa, G. garciai holotype, MHNG. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 67. G. voahangyae, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 68. G. voahangyae, capsule, Analamy Forest, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 69. N. griveaudi, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 70. N. griveaudi, capsule, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D233FA99FF85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143643/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143643	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	Figures 86–89. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Grosphus and Neogrosphus. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Scale bars: 500 μm. Figure 86. G. madagascariensis, Sc1197, Andasibe, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 87. N. griveaudi, mirrored left, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 88. G. goudoti, Forêt de Bobankota, holotype, MHNG. Figure 89. G. voahangyae, Analamy Forest, FMNH.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D233FA99FF85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143861/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143861	Figures 606–609. Neogrosphus griveaudi. Habitus. Male (606–607) and female (608–609), dorsal (606, 608) and ventral (607, 609) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 606–609. Neogrosphus griveaudi. Habitus. Male (606–607) and female (608–609), dorsal (606, 608) and ventral (607, 609) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF9A2463D233FA99FF85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143863/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143863	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	Figures 610–619. Neogrosphus griveaudi, male (610–613, 617–619) and female (614–616). Figures 610, 614. Sternopectinal region. Figures 611, 615. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 612. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin. Figures 613, 616. Pedipalp chela in dorsal views. Figure 617. Metasoma V and telson lateral view. Figures 618–619. Right leg III (618) and leg IV (619), tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143772/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143772	Figures 387–390. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Habitus. Male paratype (387–388) and female holotype (389–390), dorsal (387, 389) and ventral (388, 390) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 387–390. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Habitus. Male paratype (387–388) and female holotype (389–390), dorsal (387, 389) and ventral (388, 390) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143774/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143774	Figures 391–408. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (391–393, 404–405) and female holotype (394–403, 406–408). Figures 391–402. Pedipalp.Chela in dorsal (391, 394), external (392, 395) and ventral (396) views. Patella in dorsal (397), external (398) and ventral (399) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (393, 400) and dorsal (401) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (402). Figures 403–408. Telson in lateral (403, 404) views. Metasoma and telson in lateral (405, 406), dorsal (407) and ventral (408) views.Scale bar: 10 mm (406–408).	Figures 391–408. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (391–393, 404–405) and female holotype (394–403, 406–408). Figures 391–402. Pedipalp.Chela in dorsal (391, 394), external (392, 395) and ventral (396) views. Patella in dorsal (397), external (398) and ventral (399) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (393, 400) and dorsal (401) views. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (402). Figures 403–408. Telson in lateral (403, 404) views. Metasoma and telson in lateral (405, 406), dorsal (407) and ventral (408) views.Scale bar: 10 mm (406–408).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143778/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143778	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	Figures 409–417. Teruelius ankarafantsika. Male paratype (409, 416–417) and female holotype (410–415). Figures 409–411. Carapace and tergites I–III (409–410) and sternopectinal region (411). Figures 412–417. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (412), leg II (413), leg III (414, 416), leg IV (415, 417).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143647	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143780/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143780	Figures 418–419. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Male in dorsal (418) and ventral (419) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 418–419. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Male in dorsal (418) and ventral (419) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8CFF992463D293FD7EFD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143782/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143782	Figures 420–421. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Female in dorsal (420) and ventral (421) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 420–421. Teruelius ankarana. Habitus. Female in dorsal (420) and ventral (421) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D751FAEEFAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143865/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143865	Figures 620–628. Pseudolychas ochraceus. Figures 620–623. Habitus. Male (620–621) and female holotype (622–623), dorsal (620, 622) and ventral (621, 623) views. Scale bars: 10 mm. Figures 624–625. Female, carapace and tergite I (624) and sternopectinal region (625). Figures 626–627. Telson lateral in female (626) and male (627). Figure 628. Male, leg III basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	Figures 620–628. Pseudolychas ochraceus. Figures 620–623. Habitus. Male (620–621) and female holotype (622–623), dorsal (620, 622) and ventral (621, 623) views. Scale bars: 10 mm. Figures 624–625. Female, carapace and tergite I (624) and sternopectinal region (625). Figures 626–627. Telson lateral in female (626) and male (627). Figure 628. Male, leg III basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D751FAEEFAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143869/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143869	Figures 635–641. Pseudolychas. Figures 635–638. P. ochraceus, pedipalp chela dorsal (635, 637) and external (636, 638) in male (635– 636) and female (637–638). Figures 639–640. P. transvaalicus, juvenile female, right pedipalp (639) and in vivo habitus 640. Figure 641. P. ochraceus, female in vivo habitus.	Figures 635–641. Pseudolychas. Figures 635–638. P. ochraceus, pedipalp chela dorsal (635, 637) and external (636, 638) in male (635– 636) and female (637–638). Figures 639–640. P. transvaalicus, juvenile female, right pedipalp (639) and in vivo habitus 640. Figure 641. P. ochraceus, female in vivo habitus.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D7B1FB59FB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143689/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143689	Figures 161–164. Hemispermatophore of Pseudolychas pegleri (Purcell, 1901). Whole hemispermatophore (161), and capsule region in anterior (162), convex compressed (163), and posterior (164) views. Scale bars: 500 μm (161), 200 μm (162–164). Right hemispermatophore (JA1418).	Figures 161–164. Hemispermatophore of Pseudolychas pegleri (Purcell, 1901). Whole hemispermatophore (161), and capsule region in anterior (162), convex compressed (163), and posterior (164) views. Scale bars: 500 μm (161), 200 μm (162–164). Right hemispermatophore (JA1418).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D6F1FC3DF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143867/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143867	Figures 629–634. Pseudolychas transvaalicus, juvenile female, habitus in dorsal (629) and ventral (630) views, carapace and tergites I–III (631), sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (632), telson lateral (633) and telson and metasoma in dorsal view (634). Scale bar: 10 mm (629–630).	Figures 629–634. Pseudolychas transvaalicus, juvenile female, habitus in dorsal (629) and ventral (630) views, carapace and tergites I–III (631), sternopectinal region and sternites III–IV (632), telson lateral (633) and telson and metasoma in dorsal view (634). Scale bar: 10 mm (629–630).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D6F1FC3DF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143869/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143869	Figures 635–641. Pseudolychas. Figures 635–638. P. ochraceus, pedipalp chela dorsal (635, 637) and external (636, 638) in male (635– 636) and female (637–638). Figures 639–640. P. transvaalicus, juvenile female, right pedipalp (639) and in vivo habitus 640. Figure 641. P. ochraceus, female in vivo habitus.	Figures 635–641. Pseudolychas. Figures 635–638. P. ochraceus, pedipalp chela dorsal (635, 637) and external (636, 638) in male (635– 636) and female (637–638). Figures 639–640. P. transvaalicus, juvenile female, right pedipalp (639) and in vivo habitus 640. Figure 641. P. ochraceus, female in vivo habitus.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D011FD46FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D011FD46FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D011FD46FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D011FD46FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143784/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143784	Figures 422–425. Teruelius annulatus. Habitus. Male (422–423) and female (424–425), dorsal (422, 424) and ventral (423, 425) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 422–425. Teruelius annulatus. Habitus. Male (422–423) and female (424–425), dorsal (422, 424) and ventral (423, 425) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D011FD46FE47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143788/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143788	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143788/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143788	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	Figures 426–435. Figures 426–432. Teruelius annulatus. Male (426, 428, 430–431) and female (427, 429). Sternopectinal region (426–427). Carapace and tergites I–III (428). Pedipalp chela dorsal (429–430). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (431). Metasoma V and telson lateroventral view (432). Figures 433–435. Teruelius bistriatus. Female (433–434) and male (435) syntypes. Sternopectinal region (433, 435). Carapace and tergites I–III (434).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143790/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143790	Figures 436–438. Teruelius bistriatus. Habitus. Female syntype in dorsal (436) and ventral (437) views, and original labels (438). Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 436–438. Teruelius bistriatus. Habitus. Female syntype in dorsal (436) and ventral (437) views, and original labels (438). Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143792/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143792	Figures 439–446. Teruelius bistriatus. Metasoma and telson. Male (439, 441–443) and female syntypes (440, 444–446), lateral (439–441, 444), ventral (442, 445) and dorsal (443, 446) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (441–443, 444–446).	Figures 439–446. Teruelius bistriatus. Metasoma and telson. Male (439, 441–443) and female syntypes (440, 444–446), lateral (439–441, 444), ventral (442, 445) and dorsal (443, 446) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (441–443, 444–446).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D351FEFEFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143794/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143794	Figures 447–458. Teruelius bistriatus. Pedipalp. Female (447–452) and male (453–458) syntypes. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (447, 453), external (448, 454) and ventrointernal (449, 455) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (450, 456) and ventral (457) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter in dorsal (451, 458) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (452). Pedipalp of male is mirrored.	Figures 447–458. Teruelius bistriatus. Pedipalp. Female (447–452) and male (453–458) syntypes. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (447, 453), external (448, 454) and ventrointernal (449, 455) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (450, 456) and ventral (457) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter in dorsal (451, 458) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (452). Pedipalp of male is mirrored.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D3D1FCB4FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143796/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143796	Figure 459. Teruelius feti. Holotype juvenile male. Habitus, dorsal view, with specimen labels (FMNH). Scale bar: 5 mm (holotype). Figure 459a. Adult female from Makay Mts., carapace and tergites I–II.	Figure 459. Teruelius feti. Holotype juvenile male. Habitus, dorsal view, with specimen labels (FMNH). Scale bar: 5 mm (holotype). Figure 459a. Adult female from Makay Mts., carapace and tergites I–II.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D3D1FCB4FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143798/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143798	Figures 460–472. Teruelius feti. Holotype male. Metasoma and pedipalp. Figures 460–462. Metasoma in dorsal (460), lateral (461) and ventral (462) views. Figures 463–472. Pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (463), external (464) and ventral (465) views. Patella in dorsal (466), external (467) and ventral (468) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (469), dorsal (470), ventral (471) and external (472) views. Right femur shows developmental anomaly (Figs. 469, 472). Scale bars: 2 mm (460–462, 463–472).	Figures 460–472. Teruelius feti. Holotype male. Metasoma and pedipalp. Figures 460–462. Metasoma in dorsal (460), lateral (461) and ventral (462) views. Figures 463–472. Pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (463), external (464) and ventral (465) views. Patella in dorsal (466), external (467) and ventral (468) views. Femur and trochanter in internal (469), dorsal (470), ventral (471) and external (472) views. Right femur shows developmental anomaly (Figs. 469, 472). Scale bars: 2 mm (460–462, 463–472).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D3D1FCB4FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D3D1FCB4FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143647	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143851/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143851	Figures 597–599. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juvenile with duplicated metasoma (597, 599) and its unsuccesful second ecdysis (598).	Figures 597–599. Teruelius flavopiceus. Juvenile with duplicated metasoma (597, 599) and its unsuccesful second ecdysis (598).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143801/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143801	Figures 473–476. Teruelius flavopiceus. Habitus. Male (473–474) and female (475–476), dorsal (473, 475) and ventral (474, 476) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 473–476. Teruelius flavopiceus. Habitus. Male (473–474) and female (475–476), dorsal (473, 475) and ventral (474, 476) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D2F1FF4AF987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143803/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143803	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	Figures 477–490. Teruelius flavopiceus, male. Figures 477–486. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (477), external (478) and ventrointernal (479) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (480), external (481) and ventral (482) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (483) and dorsal (484) views; pedipalp chela, movable (485) and fixed (486) finger dentate margin. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated by white circles in Figures 477a–484a. Figures 487–490. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg IV (487), leg III (488), leg. II (489), leg I (490).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143805/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143805	Figures 491–494. Teruelius grandidieri. Habitus. Male (491–492) and female (493–494), dorsal (491, 493) and ventral (492, 494) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 491–494. Teruelius grandidieri. Habitus. Male (491–492) and female (493–494), dorsal (491, 493) and ventral (492, 494) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D491FD4AFB27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143809/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143809	Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496. Habitus in dorsal (495) and ventral (496) views, and original labels. Figures 497–499. Metasoma in lateral (497), ventral (498) and dorsal (499) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496. Habitus in dorsal (495) and ventral (496) views, and original labels. Figures 497–499. Metasoma in lateral (497), ventral (498) and dorsal (499) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143811/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143811	Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (500), external (501) and ventrointernal (502) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (503), external (504) and ventral (505) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (506) and dorsal (507) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (508). Figure 509. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 510. Sternopectinal region. Figure 511. Telson lateral view.	Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (500), external (501) and ventrointernal (502) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (503), external (504) and ventral (505) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (506) and dorsal (507) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (508). Figure 509. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 510. Sternopectinal region. Figure 511. Telson lateral view.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143813/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143813	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	Figures 512–515. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (512), leg II (513), leg III (514), leg IV (515).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992722D6F1FD8EF447.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143614/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143614	Figures 5–8. Teruelius limbatus. Type species of Teruelius gen. n. Habitus. Male (5–6) and female (7–8), dorsal (5, 7) and ventral (6, 8) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	Figures 5–8. Teruelius limbatus. Type species of Teruelius gen. n. Habitus. Male (5–6) and female (7–8), dorsal (5, 7) and ventral (6, 8) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143620/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143620	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	Figures 21–27. Positions of trichobothria Eb, Eb and petite Eb on manus of pedipalp chela in Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. 1 2 3 n. Figures 21–24. External views of pedipalp chela, shown under UV fluorescence to highlight trichobothrial areolae. G. hirtus ♂ (21), G. madagascariensis ♀ (22), T. limbatus ♂ (23), T. ankarafantsika ♀ (24). Positions of Eb 1, Eb 2 and Eb 3 and lines joining them shown as white overlays. Scale bars: 2 mm. Figures 25–26. Horizontal histograms comparing ratios, R = d(Eb, Eb)/ d(Eb, Eb), of Eb -Eb distance, to Eb - 123 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 Eb distance, in males (25), and females (26) of Grosphus, Neogrosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Error bars indicate ranges (minimum, maximum), 2 histogram bars mid-range values. Figure 27. Scatter plot of male vs. female ratios R. Ratio is larger in males if points fall above the diagonal 123 (gray) line, larger in females if they fall below it.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143647/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143647	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	Figures 90–93. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen. n. Cross stereoscopic convex views. Figure 90. T. ankarana, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Figure 91. T. limbatus, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Figure 92. T. flavopiceus, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Figure 93. T. ankarafantsika, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bars: 200 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143671/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143671	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 122–126. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Grosphus spp. and Teruelius limbatus under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. G. hirtus (122), G. madagascariensis (123 from Anjiro, 124 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (125), and T. limbatus (126). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143685/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143685	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	Figures 158-160. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Figure 158. Horizontal histograms comparing relative fluorescence emission intensities measured by photodiode current, for Grosphus and Teruelius species.Histogram bars are means, error bars are SE, species averages over all samples, male and female (sexes not significantly different, P> 0.05). Sample sizes: G. hirtus, 1♂, 1♀; G. sp. nr hirtus, 6♀; G. madagascariensis, 9♂, 1♀; G. voahangyae, 4♂, 1♀; T. ankarafantsika, 2♂, 2♀; T. ankarana, 1♂, 1♀; T. flavopiceus, 1♂, 1♀; T. grandidieri, 1♂, 1♀; T. limbatus, 6♂, 5♀; T. mahafaliensis, 2♂, 2♀; T. olgae, 1♂, 1♀. Sample means may not reflect single specimen intensities recorded in Figs. 145–157. Figure 159. Time course of photodiode current in UV fluorescence emission measurement for T. limbatus (upper curve), and two specimens of G. madagascariensis (middle and lower curves) over 620 s. Arrow indicates time of shutter opening to initiate UV excitation.160. Photobleaching time course for UV fluorescence emission of T. limbatus (middle curve) and G. madagascariensis (upper and lower curves) over 600 s following shutter opening (see Fig. 159). Ordinate is percentage bleaching relative to initial fluorescence after shutter opening. Blue curves are mono-exponential fits with decay time constants: T. limbatus, 640.2 s; G. madagascariensis, 1 654.4 s and 2 347.5 s.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143712	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	Figures 227–230. Right lateral eyes of Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (227), G. voahangyae (228), T. limbatus (229) and T. flavopiceus (230). All species comply with the 5-eye buthid pattern with series of 3 larger ocelli in lower position, and two smaller ocelli in posterior and upper positions. UV fluorescence, males. Scale bars: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143714	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 231–238. Males. Right chelicera. Figures 231–234. Grosphus madagascariensis, dorsal (231, 233) and ventral (232, 234) views, under white light (231–232) and UV fluorescence (233–234). Figures 235–238. Teruelius limbatus, dorsal (235, 237) and ventral (236, 238) views, under white light (235–236) and UV fluorescence (237–238). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D191FA76FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143815/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143815	Figures 516–521. Teruelius limbatus. Figures 516–519. Habitus. Male (516–517) and female (518–519), dorsal (516, 518) and ventral (517, 519) views. Figure 520. Pedipalp chela external, male. Figure 521. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin, female. Scale bar: 10 mm (516–519).	Figures 516–521. Teruelius limbatus. Figures 516–519. Habitus. Male (516–517) and female (518–519), dorsal (516, 518) and ventral (517, 519) views. Figure 520. Pedipalp chela external, male. Figure 521. Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin, female. Scale bar: 10 mm (516–519).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143817/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143817	Figures 522–525. Teruelius mahafaliensis. Habitus. Male holotype of G. rossii (522–523) and male from near the type locality of T. mahafaliensis (524–525), dorsal (522, 524) and ventral (523, 525) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	Figures 522–525. Teruelius mahafaliensis. Habitus. Male holotype of G. rossii (522–523) and male from near the type locality of T. mahafaliensis (524–525), dorsal (522, 524) and ventral (523, 525) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143819/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143819	Figures 526–537. Teruelius mahafaliensis, female (526, 529–530, 535), male (527–528, 531–534) and male holotype of G. rossii (536–537). Sternopectinal region (526–527). Carapace and tergites I–II (528). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (529). Pedipalp chela dorsal (530–531) and external (532) views. Pedipalp patella dorsal (533) view. Pedipalp femur and trochanter dorsal (534) view. Metasoma V and telson lateral (535) view. Metasoma and telson dorsal (536) and ventral (537) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (536–537).	Figures 526–537. Teruelius mahafaliensis, female (526, 529–530, 535), male (527–528, 531–534) and male holotype of G. rossii (536–537). Sternopectinal region (526–527). Carapace and tergites I–II (528). Pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (529). Pedipalp chela dorsal (530–531) and external (532) views. Pedipalp patella dorsal (533) view. Pedipalp femur and trochanter dorsal (534) view. Metasoma V and telson lateral (535) view. Metasoma and telson dorsal (536) and ventral (537) views. Scale bar: 10 mm (536–537).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143821/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143821	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	Figures 538–541. Teruelius mahafaliensis, male holotype of G. rossii. Left legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral views. Leg I (538), leg II (539), leg. III (540), leg IV (541).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143706/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143706	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	Figures 196–210. Female basal pectinal teeth of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (196–198), G. madagascariensis (199), G. madagascariensis, paratype of G. mandena(200), T. ankarafantsika (201),T. ankarana (202), T. annulatus (203),T. bistriatus (204), T. flavopiceus (205), T. grandidieri (206), T. intertidalis (207), T. limbatus (208), T. mahafaliensis (209), T. feti (210).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D371FB2EFF87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143708/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143708	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	Figures 211–226. Ventral tarsal setation of legs III or IV in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. goudoti (211), G. hirtus (212), G. hirtus (G. garciai) (213), G. madagascariensis (214), G. madagascariensis (G. mandena) (215), Teruelius ankarana (216), T. flavopiceus (217), T. annulatus (218), T. ankarafantsika (219–220), T. bistriatus (221), T. intertidalis (222), T. grandidieri (223), T. mahafaliensis (224), T. limbatus (225), T. feti (226).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143823/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143823	Figures 542–546. Teruelius olgae, male paratype.Figures 542–543. Habitus, dorsal (542) and ventral (543) views, and original labels. Figures 544–546. Metasoma and telson in lateral (544), ventral (545) and dorsal (546) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (542–543, 544–546).	Figures 542–546. Teruelius olgae, male paratype.Figures 542–543. Habitus, dorsal (542) and ventral (543) views, and original labels. Figures 544–546. Metasoma and telson in lateral (544), ventral (545) and dorsal (546) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (542–543, 544–546).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143827/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143827	Figures 552–563. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Figures 552–560. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (552), external (553) and ventrointernal (554) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (555), external (556) and ventral (557) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (558) and dorsal (559) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (560). Figure 561. Carapace and tergites I–II. Figure 562. Sternopectinal region. Figure 563. Telson lateral view.	Figures 552–563. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Figures 552–560. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (552), external (553) and ventrointernal (554) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (555), external (556) and ventral (557) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (558) and dorsal (559) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (560). Figure 561. Carapace and tergites I–II. Figure 562. Sternopectinal region. Figure 563. Telson lateral view.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143831/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143831	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	Figures 576–579. Teruelius olgae, male paratype. Right legs tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus, retrolateral and ventral views. Leg I (576), leg II (577), leg III (578), leg IV (579).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143618/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143618	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	Figures 9–20. Position of femur trichobothrium d 2in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Dorsal surfaces of proximal pedipalp femur of adult females (♀, left panels) and adult males (♂, right panels), underUV fluorescence to highlightgranulation,carinae and trichobothrial areolae.Whitearrows indicate positions of trichobothrium d in each image. G. madagascariensis (9, 10; 2 samples from Anjiro (9) and Andasibe (10) show consistency of d 2 2 position),G. hirtus(11), G. voahangyae (12), T. ankarafantsika (13, 15; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show consistency ofd 2position),T. ankarana (14), T. flavopiceus (16), T. grandidieri (17), T. limbatus (18), T. mahafaliensis (19), and T. olgae (20). Scale bars: 1 mm (9–20♀) or 500 μm (20 ♂).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143641/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143641	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	Figures 71–85. Hemispermatophores and capsule regions of Teruelius gen n. Multi-panel figures show: whole hemispermatophore; whole hemispermatophore and/or capsule with flagellum; capsule region in convex (or convex compressed), anterior and posterior views (panels in left to right sequence). Right hemispermatophores. Figure 71. T. ankarana, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 72. T. ankarana, capsule, left mirrored, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 73. T. grandidieri, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 4 mm. Figure 74. T. grandidieri, capsule, Antsakabe River, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 75. T. flavopiceus, whole hemispermatophore. Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 76. T. flavopiceus, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 77. T. annulatus, capsule, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 78. T. ankarafantsika, capsule and flagellum. Scale bar: 400 μm. Figure 79. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Forêt d’Ankavanana, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 80. T. ankarafantsika, capsule, Réserve Forestière de l’Ankarafantsika, FMNH. Scale bar: 200 μm. Figure 81. T. olgae, capsule, Itampolo village, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 82. T. limbatus, whole hemispermatophore (flagellum truncated). Scale bar: 2 mm. Figure 83. T. limbatus, capsule, Forêt d’Ianasana, FMNH. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 84. T. mahafaliensis, capsule views, Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm. Figure 85. T. intertidalis, capsule, Madagascar, GLPC, FKCP. Scale bar: 500 μm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143694/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143694	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	Figures 165–180. Carapace of representative Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. G. madagascariensis (165, 168), G. hirtus (166–167), G. voahangyae (169), T. ankarafantsika (170–171), T. ankarana (172), T. flavopiceus (173–174), T. grandidieri (175), T. limbatus (176), T.mahafaliensis (177–178) andT. olgae (179–180).UV fluorescence,♂male, ♀female.Scale bars:2mm (165–171, 176–180),4 mm (172–175).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143700	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	Figures 181–195. Telson of representativeGrosphus andTeruelius gen. n. G. hirtus (181–182), G. madagascariensis (183–184), G. voahangyae (185), T. ankarafantsika (186–187), T. ankarana (188), T. flavopiceus (189), T. grandidieri (190–191), T. limbatus (192), T. mahafaliensis (193) and T. olgae (194–195). UV fluorescence, ♂ male, ♀ female. Scale bars: 2 mm (181–187, 192–195), 4 mm (188–191).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143634/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143634	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figures 40–51. Female basal pectinal teeth in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral views of proximal left pectine of females shown under UV fluorescence to highlight cuticular surface texture, setation and absence of peg sensillae on basal tooth vs. their presence on other teeth. G. sp. nr hirtus (40), G. madagascariensis (41), G. hirtus (42), G. voahangyae (43), T. ankarafantsika (44–45; 2 samples fromAmpijoroa show variation in tooth shape), T. ankarana (46), T. flavopiceus (47), T. grandidieri (48), T. limbatus (49), T. mahafaliensis (50), and T. olgae (51). Scale bars: 1 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143675/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143675	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	Figures 127–132. Ventral aspect of metasoma and telson of adult males (♂) or females (♀) of representative Teruelius gen. n under UV fluorescence to reveal carination and granulation. T. ankarafantsika (127), T. ankarana (128), T. flavopiceus (129), T. grandidieri (130), T. mahafaliensis (131), and T. olgae (132). Scale bars: 4 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143677/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143677	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	Figures 133–144. Ventral setation of telotarsus III in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Ventral surfaces of right telotarsus III of adult males (♂) or females (♀), shown under UV fluorescence to highlight setation. Macrosetae appear dark with strongly fluorescent cuticular sockets at their base. Putative chemosensory microsetae appear bright. G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (133), G. hirtus (134), G. madagascariensis (135, from Anjiro, 136 from Andasibe), G. voahangyae (137), T. ankarafantsika (138), T. limbatus (139), T. mahafaliensis (140), T. ankarana (141), T. grandidieri (142), T. flavopiceus (143), and T. olgae (144). Scale bars: 500 μm (133–140, 144) and 1 mm (141–143).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143681/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143681	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	Figures 145–157. Comparative intensity of UV fluorescence in Grosphus and Teruelius gen. n. Photographic comparison of fluorescence emission intensities of representative species of each genus, including adult males (♂) or females (♀). G. madagascariensis (145 from Anjiro, 148 from Andasibe), G. hirtus (146), G. voahangyae (147), G. hirtus (= G. h. garciai) (149), T. ankarafantsika (150), T. grandidieri (151), T. olgae (152), T. flavopiceus (153), T. ankarana (154–155), T. mahafaliensis (156), and T. limbatus (157). Images acquired under identical intensities of UV excitation (395 nm LED source, 0.35 A current) and camera exposure (Canon EOS 7D Mark II, 100 mm f/13, 0.5 s, ISO 320), with 475 nm longpass filter to block excitation wavelengths. Scale bars: 10 mm (145–150, 152–153, 156–157), 20 mm (151, 154–155).	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143825/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143825	Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548. Habitus, dorsal (547) and ventral (548) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 549–551. Metasoma and telson. lateral (549), ventral (550) and dorsal (551) views. Scale bar: 5 mm.	Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548. Habitus, dorsal (547) and ventral (548) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 549–551. Metasoma and telson. lateral (549), ventral (550) and dorsal (551) views. Scale bar: 5 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
03BB8789FF8FFF992463D291FAC0F9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7143829/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7143829	Figures 564–575. Teruelius olgae. Female pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (564), external (565), ventral (566) and internal (567) views. Patella in dorsal (568), external (569), ventral (570) and internal (571) views. Femur and trochanter in dorsal (572), internal (573), external (574) and ventral (575) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	Figures 564–575. Teruelius olgae. Female pedipalp. Chela in dorsal (564), external (565), ventral (566) and internal (567) views. Patella in dorsal (568), external (569), ventral (570) and internal (571) views. Femur and trochanter in dorsal (572), internal (573), external (574) and ventral (575) views. Scale bar: 2 mm.	2019-12-31	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František		Zenodo	biologists	Lowe, Graeme;Kovařík, František			
