taxonID	type	description	language	source
6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE.taxon	description	Figs 8, 9, 10, 11, 12	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. China • 1 specimen; Philippine Sea, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, Mugiboshi Seamount; 16.57.14 ' N, 134.52.7 ' E; depth 3225 m; 11 August 2021; collected by an HOV JIAOLONG; preserved in alcohol; RSIO 68002.	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
6318B1AF001E5BE3A22D1E19EC49DFBE.taxon	description	Description. Disc pentagonal and almost flat, 10 mm in diameter, 3.2 mm in height, skin wrinkled under dry conditions (Fig. 9 A, B). Aboral surface of disc lacks external ossicles (Fig. 9 A, B). Radial shields narrow, slightly tumid, bar-like, without granules or spines, and almost reaching center of disc. (Fig. 9 A). Approximately 3.8 mm long and 0.6 mm wide in center and 0.8 mm wide on periphery (Fig. 9 A). Oral surface flat, covered by thin skin, and lacking external ossicles (Fig. 9 C). Oral shield triangular, one madreporite (Fig. 9 D). Adoral shield big and thick, quadrangular, and longer than wide (Fig. 9 D). Teeth spearhead-shaped, vertically on dental plate; each jaw bears a pair of short, conical oral tentacles (Fig. 9 C). Oral papillae indistinct or underdeveloped (Fig. 9 C). Two genital slits very short, 560 μm long and 110 μm wide, present on oral side of each interradius. Gonads visible in each interradius (Fig. 9 D). Five arms, long and slender, about nine to ten times as long as disc diameter, no abrupt change in width basally (Fig. 9 E). Proximal portion of arm 1.8 mm wide and 420 μm high, with arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface. Arms tapering gradually toward tip. Arm spines only present in ventral part of arm. First to third tentacle pores without arm spines, fourth tentacle pores with one arm spine and following tentacle pores with two arm spines. Inner arm spines longer than outer arm spines. On middle and distal part of arm, outer arm spines three-fourths as long as inner spines (Fig. 9 F). Three arm spines occurred once in two of the five arms. Lateral arm plates not projecting on arms. Color. Bright pink in situ, entirely white in alcohol (Fig. 8 B, C). Ossicle morphology. Vertebrae articulation streptospondylous, wider than long in proximal segments (Fig. 10 A, B), longer than wide in distal segments (Fig. 11 A, B). Oral side of each vertebra with longitudinal groove along midline, deeply depressed, and no oral bridge (Figs 10 C, 11 C). Pair of podial basins on oral side moderate in size (Figs 10 C, 11 C). Aboral side of each arm vertebra with longitudinal aboral groove, moderately depressed (Figs 10 D, 11 D). Lateral furrow of vertebrae declining obliquely from aboral to oral side (Figs 10 E, F, 11 E, F). Lateral arm plates crescent-shaped, each associated with one or two arm spines. Spine articulations with separated nerve and muscle openings, bulging outwards (Fig. 12 A, C). A ridge on inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig. 12 D). Arm spines cylindrical, never hooked, bearing fine thorns at apex throughout arms (Fig. 12 E, F).	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: China • 1 specimen; Northwest Pacific, Nazimov Guyot; 15 ° 11.34 ' N, 162 ° 49.26 ' E; depth 2713 m; 16 September 2020; collected by ROV HAILONG III; preserved in alcohol; RSIO 61068. Paratypes: China • 1 specimen; Northwest Pacific, Nazimov Guyot; 15 ° 11.34 ' N, 162 ° 49.26 ' E; depth 2713 m; 16 September 2020; collected by ROV HAILONG III; preserved in alcohol; RSIO 61069 • 1 specimen; Northwest Pacific, Caiwei Guyot; 15 ° 40.61 ' N, 154 ° 53.77 ' E; depth 2744 m; 7 September 2013; collected by HOV JIAOLONG; preserved in alcohol; RSIO 31004 • 1 specimen; the Philippine Sea, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, Roischesar Peak; 13 ° 20.85 ' N, 134 ° 32.81 ' E; depth 1900 - 2000 m; 2 August 2020; collected by ROV HAILONG IV; preserved in alcohol; RSIO 59012.	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc raised high above the arm. Aboral disc with plate-shaped external ossicles in the center and on the periphery. Radial shield narrow, longer than wide. Teeth triangular, oral papillae indistinct or underdeveloped. Genital slits short, approximately one-fourth of the height of the disc. Lateral arm plates crescent and not projecting on arms. Arm spines no more than two.	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Disc pentagonal, notched interradial edges, 14 mm in diameter, 4.7 mm in height. Aboral surface almost flat, slightly depressed in the center, entirely covered by thickened skin with plate-shaped external ossicles in the center, about 220 μm long (Fig. 3 A). Peripheral disc covered with a few plate-shaped external ossicles, similar to those in the center but larger, approximately twice in length. Radial shields narrow, tumid, bar-like, without granules or spines, and almost reach center of disc (Fig. 3 A, B). Approximately 7.2 mm long and 550 μm wide in the center and 1.1 mm wide at periphery. Oral surface flat, covered by thickened skin. Oral shield small to invisible, one madreporite. Adoral shield obscured by skin (Fig. 3 C). Oral interradial surface covered with several plate-shaped external ossicles (Fig. 3 C). Six teeth, triangular, forming vertical row on dental plate, each jaw covered by a pair of conical oral tentacles (Fig. 3 C). Oral papillae invisible or underdeveloped. Two genital slits, small, about 1 / 4 as long of disc height (1.3 mm long and 260 μm wide), present on oral side of each interradius (Fig. 3 D). Gonads visible on each interradius (Fig. 3 C, D). Five arms, long and slender, about eight to nine times as long as disc diameter, no abrupt change in width basally (Fig. 3 E). Proximal segments 2.5 mm wide and 1.7 mm high, with arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface (Fig. 3 E), gradually tapering toward tip. Arm spines only present on ventral side. First to fourth tentacle pores with one arm spine and following tentacle pores with two arm spines. Outer arm spines slightly shorter than inner ones at proximal segments, but only three-fifths as long as inner spines on middle and distal segments (Fig. 3 F). Color. Pink in situ, white in alcohol (Fig. 2). Ossicle morphology of holotype. Vertebrae articulation streptospondylous, wider than long in proximal segments (Fig. 4 A, B), longer than wide in distal segments (Fig. 5 A, B). Oral side of each vertebra with longitudinal groove along midline, deeply depressed, and no oral bridge (Figs 4 C, 5 C). Pair of podial basins on oral side moderate in size (Figs 4 C, 5 C). Aboral side of each arm vertebra with longitudinal aboral groove, moderately depressed (Figs 4 D, 5 D). Lateral furrow of vertebrae declining obliquely from aboral to oral side (Figs 4 E-F, 5 E-F). Lateral arm plates crescent-shaped, each associated with one or two arm spines and spine articulations with nerve and muscle opening separated. Spine articulation bulges outward (Fig. 6 A, C). A ridge on inner side of lateral arm plate, parallel to proximal edge (Fig. 6 B, D). Arm spines cylindrical, never hooked, bearing fine thorns at tip throughout arms (Figs 3 F, 6 E-F).	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	description	Description of paratypes. Two paratypes (RSIO 31004, RSIO 61069) share the same morphological characteristics as the holotype, disc diameter 10.17 and 13.94 mm, about 1 / 10 and 1 / 9 as wide as the length of the arms, respectively. However, the radial shields of RSIO 31004 are shorter than the radial shields of the holotype and of RSIO 61069 (Fig. 7 F). Three arm spines exceptionally occurred only once in both paratypes (RSIO 31004 and RSIO 61069), the innermost arm spine of RSIO 61069 is the longest and the stoutest, while the middle arm spine of RSIO 31004 is the stoutest. (Fig. 7 A, B). The other paratype (RSIO 59012) is smaller, only 6 mm in disc diameter, about 1 / 3 as wide as the length of the arms and may be a juvenile of this species. The radial shields and the genital silts are much shorter than in the other three specimens (Fig. 7 C, D). Likewise, the arm spines are shorter than one segment (Fig. 7 E)	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name duo is derived from the Latin numeral word, meaning two, and Latin feminine noun, spina, meaning spine, referring to the presence of no more than two arm spines throughout the arm.	en	Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie, Zhang, Dongsheng (2022): Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific. ZooKeys 1123: 99-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397
