taxonID	type	description	language	source
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet, longhagen, is a combination of " long " - a Tok Pisin word meaning ' from' and " hagen " that refers to the type locality of Mt. Hagen Town (Fig. 1). Tok Pisin is a uniting and official language of Papua New Guinea, the most linguistically complex region on the planet with more than 800 unique languages (Foley 2010).	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized species with moderate habitus (566.0 total length, 12.8 maximum lateral width) with 15 - 15 - 15 dorsal scale rows, 200 ventral scales, 43 paired subcaudals, preocular present and not fused to prefrontal, preocular not in contact with internasal or nasal; prefrontal separating preocular from internasal and nasal by contacting second supralabial; frontal not fused with supraoculars; internasals not fused; four circumoculars - one supraocular, one preocular, two postoculars; nasals divided; one anterior temporal not fused with supralabials, one posterior temporal; six supralabials, the second in contact with prefrontal, preventing contact between nasal and preocular; cloacal plate divided; ventrals yellowish with light to dark brown. Toxicocalamus longhagen can be distinguished from T. holopelturus McDowell, 1969 by having paired subcaudals (vs. single); from T. mintoni Kraus, 2009, T. cratermontanus Kraus, 2017, T. stanleyanus Boulenger, 1903, T. misimae McDowell, 1969, T. longissimus Boulenger, 1896, T. buergersi (Sternfeld, 1913), and T. preussi (Sternfeld, 1913) by having preocular not fused to prefrontal (vs. fused); from T. pumehanae O'Shea, Allison & Kaiser, 2018 by having prefrontal distinct from internasal (vs. fused); from T. goodenoughensis Roberts & Austin, 2020, and T. pachysomus Kraus, 2009, by lacking contact between internasal and preocular (vs. internasal and preocular in contact); from T. nigrescens Kraus, 2017, T. loriae (Boulenger, 1898), T. spilolepidotus McDowell, 1969, T. grandis (Boulenger, 1914), and T. ernstmayri by having preocular lacking contact with nasal (vs. preocular contacting prefrontal and nasal). In having prefrontal in contact with second supralabial, preventing contact between preocular and either internasal or nasal, T. longhagen is most similar in head scalation to T. mattisoni Kraus, 2020. It can be further distinguished from T. mattisoni by presence of two postoculars (vs. one), by having one large posterior temporal (vs. two posterior temporals), and presence of more ventrals (200 vs. 170 - 181). Toxicocalamus longhagen has scalation similar to some specimens of Apistocalamus loennbergii Boulenger, 1908, a taxon currently in synonymy with T. loriae (Kraus 2017; Kraus 2020); specifically, in both the new species and some A. loennbergii specimens, the prefrontal scale contacts the second supralabial, preventing preocular and nasal scale contact. Kraus (2020) described A. loennbergii as having " preocular and nasal scales [that] may or may not be in contact " because they are barely separated on just the right side in the lectotype (BMNH 1946.1.18.24) but bilaterally in contact in the two paralectotypes (BMNH 1946.1.18.25 - 26). Disregarding this character, T. longhagen can still be distinguished from A. loennbergii by having two postoculars (vs. 1, " exceptionally two " sensu Boulenger 1908), fewer ventrals (200 vs. 213 - 218), and more subcaudals (43 vs. 22 - 32).	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male confirmed by µCT scans showing the presence of well-developed hemipenes, length 19.0, width 3.2 (1.6 each) (Fig. 3). Total length 566.0, snout-vent length 476.0, tail length 90.0, eye-naris distance 2.8, internarial distance 2.8, head length 12.7, head width 8.6. Rostral broader (3.2) than tall (2.4); internasals near triangular, wider (2.2) than long (1.3); prefrontals pentagonal, unfused to preoculars (Fig. 4 D, E), as long (2.8) as they are wide (2.8); preocular fan-shaped, not fused with supraocular and not in contact with internasal or nasal (Fig. 4 A, B); parietal scales longer (5.7) than wide (each 3.5), parietal suture 4.0. Nasals divided, separated by large nares; postoculars two, top postocular 3 x larger than bottom postocular; anterior temporal single, rectangular, positioned above and in contact with fifth and sixth supralabials; posterior temporal single, positioned between sixth supralabial and parietals. Supralabials six, third and fourth in contact with eye; infralabials six, first four in contact with genials (first three with anterior genials, fourth with posterior genials). Mental triangular, wider (2.0) than tall (1.3); anterior genials in contact, anterior margin bordering first infralabials; posterior genials separated from each other along entire interior margin by intergenial gular (2.7 long by 1.7 wide) and separated entirely from fifth infralabial by two lateral gulars. Eye small (diameter 1.6); pupil round. Dorsal scale rows 15 - 15 - 15, smooth without apical pits. Ventrals 200, 5 x wider than long; paired subcaudals 43. Cloacal plate divided, wider (6.3) than long (2.5). Tail with conical spine (length 3.3). Maxilla with six (right) and five (left) teeth, both sides with maxillary positions for two grooved envenoming front fangs (II, 4 / II, 3; but each side appears to be missing one of the front envenomating fangs); dentary with 11 (right) and 12 (left) teeth, front three (four on right) separated from remaining posterior dentary teeth by 0.5 mm; palatine with six (right) and seven (left) teeth; pterygoid with 15 and 16 (left) teeth that extend posteriorly past basisphenoid and basioccipital suture. Postfrontal bones present, triangular or teardrop in shape, curved and extending ventrally at roughly 45 - degree angle from skull (Roberts and Austin 2020).	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently, T. longhagen is only known from the holotype, collected in Dobel Village (1,650 m a. s. l., - 5.837603, 144.278022), Mt. Hagen Town, Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. This area now, according to satellite imagery, is within a developing portion of Mt. Hagen Town comprising small structures and small-scale tilled plots of land and gardens. We also examined vouchers of T. loriae from three localities from Chimbu Province in the Waghi Valley east of the T. longhagen type locality (Dobel Village): Kup near Mt. Kubor (58 km straight-line distance from Dobel Village), Kondiu (66 km), and Kundiawa (79 km). Based on the straight-line distance from type locality and some morphological similarities, these specimens may be conspecific but we are not confident of this and do not include them as conspecific at this time.	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
229CCF6B7D3451C8A692DB0F55EF2D73.taxon	materials_examined	Deposited material. µCT scans of holotype comprise scans of the body and CLAHE corrected scans of the head deposited on Morphosource (Identifier - PNGM 22160).	en	Roberts, Jackson R., Iova, Bulisa, Austin, Christopher C. (2022): A new species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake (Serpentes, Elapidae, Toxicocalamus Boulenger, 1896) from Western Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2): 399-409, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90520
