identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7220879B5C50770FFC95381CEA77497F.text	7220879B5C50770FFC95381CEA77497F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andersonaltica LINZMEIER & KONSTANTINOV 2012	<div><p>ANDERSONALTICA LINZMEIER &amp; KONSTANTINOV, 2012</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Andersonaltica pecki Linzmeier &amp; Konstantinov, 2012.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: The genus belongs to the mossinhabiting clade in the Monoplatus group. Our analysis revealed its sister-group as Ulrica Scherer, 1962.</p> <p>D i v e r s i t y a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n: S e v e n s p e c i e s o f Andersonaltica are known to date. They occur in Central America (Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) and in the West Indies (Dominican Republic).</p> <p>Revisions: Apart from five species described within the genus (Linzmeier &amp; Konstantinov, 2012), two additional species were described recently from the Dominican Republic (Konstantinov et al., 2020).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: The beetles are small, 1.76–2.07 mm long and 1.07–1.17 mm wide. Head with antennal calli small, widely separated anteriorly, slightly raised above surface of vertex, generally nearly indistinguishable; without supracallinal, orbital, supraorbital, suprantennal and frontolateral sulci. Suprafrontal sulcus deep. Antennae with 11 antennomeres; of which seven to 11 form a tight club; antennomere 6 generally shortest, wider than long. Pronotum without antebasal transverse impression; with anterior margin straight, posterior margin nearly straight to slightly concave, sides parallel or slightly convex. Anterior setiferous pores of pronotum present, facing laterally. Posterior setiferous pores facing dorsolaterally or dorsally. Pronotal disc raised with two elongate tubercles anteromedially with shallow groove in between. Elytral surface shiny, deeply punctured, with dense pilosity. Punctures forming nine striae (not counting short scutellar and marginal striae). Basal calli generally well developed. Humeral calli absent or poorly developed. Impression between basal and humeral calli ending deeper behind basal callus. Metatibia nearly straight in lateral view, slightly curved in dorsal view. Apex of outer lateral dorsal ridge with three to five denticles. Inner lateral dorsal ridge with one to three denticles at apex. Metatibial spur short. Metatibia with or without preapical tooth situated before tarsal insertion. Outer and inner dorsal margins of metatibia not connected at apex.</p> <p>Ecology: All Central American species were sifted from (cloud) forest leaf-litter at various elevations. West Indian species are known from moss cushions at about 1200 to 2600 m above sea level.</p> <p>Remarks: Andersonaltica may be separated from many genera of Monoplatina in having antennae with a compact club (compared to mostly filiform antennae in other Monoplatina). Andersonaltica is similar to Apleuraltica Bechyné, 1956 and can be differentiated from it by the following characters: five apical antennomeres forming a compact club (Apleuraltica has the five apical antennomeres clearly separated from each other, not forming a compact club); outer and inner dorsal margins of metatibia not connected at apex by a ridge (Apleuraltica has outer and inner dorsal margins of metatibia connected at apex by a ridge, before tarsomere insertion).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C50770FFC95381CEA77497F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5E770FFF4638D6EA714A79.text	7220879B5C5E770FFF4638D6EA714A79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baoshanaltica RUAN	<div><p>BAOSHANALTICA RUAN ET AL., 2017</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Baoshanaltica minuta Ruan et al., 2017.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5E770FFF4638D6EA714A79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5F770DFE8E3D19EA6348B2.text	7220879B5C5F770DFE8E3D19EA6348B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benedictus SCHERER 1969	<div><p>BENEDICTUS SCHERER, 1969</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Benedictus elisabethae Scherer, 1969.</p> <p>Synonymy: Himalalta Medvedev, 1990 (synonymized by Sprecher-Uebersax et al., 2009).</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: The genus belongs to the Manobia generic group, together with the winged and leaf-surface-living genera Aphthonoides Jacoby, 1885, Manobia Jacoby, 1885 and Phyllotreta Chevrolat, 1836. The sister-group of Benedictus is the morphologically similar new African moss-inhabiting genus Benedictoides.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: Twenty-eight species of Benedictus are described. The genus is mainly distributed in the Oriental region, where it clearly shows a ‘Himalayan’ pattern of distribution, with the centre of diversity in the Himalayas and adjacent lower mountain ranges in Thailand and China. It also reaches the Philippines (Luzon). Species of Benedictus are not yet known from any high mountain areas of Sundaland (like Mt. Kinabalu on Borneo or the mountain ranges of Sumatra), but a single species is known from southern India and one from New Guinea. However, the Papuan species (B. andersoni Sprecher-Uebersax et al., 2009) is highly divergent from other Benedictus species in its morphology and its generic status shall be, therefore, considered carefully.</p> <p>Revisions: The genus was revised by SprecherUebersax et al. (2009).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: The beetles are generally tiny (1–3 mm) with relatively distinct morphological diagnosis (Sprecher-Uebersax et al., 2009). Body elongate to oval, colour usually brown, in some species light brown with dark colour pattern on elytra. Head with distinct supracallinal sulci and frontal calli, antennae usually long, reaching almost the midlength of elytra. Pronotum massive, convex, in some species longer than broad or subquadrate, with distinct anterior pronotal edges. Pronotal disc bearing, usually, an antebasal transverse impression with a stripe of distinct punctures, sometimes, impression shallow or even absent. Some species have short, basal, longitudinal, pronotal impressions. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Elytra usually convex and (in most species) strongly punctate; punctures usually forming 11 longitudinal striae. Wings absent. Humeral calli usually absent or feeble, sometimes surrounded with a row of punctures anteriorly. Metatibiae straight, bearing an apical spur. Abdomen forming a flat process reaching metacoxae. Aedeagus usually long and slender, spermatheca in most species with a long and strongly curved duct, sometimes with many coils. Vaginal palpi parallel, with apices close together.</p> <p>Ecology: Many species of Benedictus were found by sifting moss or leaf litter at high altitudes, sometimes even around 4000 m a.s.l. Thus, members of the genus are believed to be moss-inhabiting (Sprecher-Uebersax et al., 2009). Interestingly, one species was recently also found in mid-elevation mountain habitats of Hong Kong, where it was collected using pitfall traps (DamaŠka &amp; Aston, 2019).</p> <p>Remarks: The genus resembles the Himalayan and Chinese genera Loeblaltica Scherer, 1989 and Microcrepis Chen, 1933, which are flightless and leaflitter-inhabiting. The genus Microcrepis differs from Benedictus especially in having closed procoxal cavities, compared to the open ones in Benedictus. Loeblaltica can be distinguished from Benedictus by having round metatibia in cross-section, not having a channel dorsally and by having triangular frons (SprecherUebersax et al., 2009). Benedictus can be separated from the similar African genus Benedictoides, based on the diagnosis provided below.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5F770DFE8E3D19EA6348B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5C770CFE993878EBAF4D2B.text	7220879B5C5C770CFE993878EBAF4D2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benedictoides Damaška & Konstantinov & Fikáček 2022	<div><p>BENEDICTOIDES GEN. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 5)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: 0D64E9D0-9F23-447C-963D-775BB7995B67</p> <p>Type species: Benedictoides munclingeri sp. nov..</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Benedictoides is placed in the Manobia group, with Benedictus revealed as its sistergenus. The morphologically similar Neotropical genus Aulonodera is not closely related to Benedictoides.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The single species is found in Cameroon, western Africa.</p> <p>Description: Body convex, elongate, 1.4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide in dorsal view, 0.5 mm high in lateral view. Ventral surfaces and legs brown without metallic lustre, dorsal surfaces dark blackish brown.</p> <p>Head: (Fig. 5) Nearly prognathous, triangular, slightly protruded anteriorly. Vertex impunctate. Supraorbital, orbital, suprafrontal, supraantennal and supracallinal sulci deep and well developed. Antennal calli well developed, oblique, rhomboidal. Frontolateral sulci feebly developed. Supraorbital pore large, circular, placed nearly equally distant from eye as diameter of eye from dorsal view. Orbit large, equally wide as diameter of eye in lateral view; impunctate, eyes projecting laterally. Frontal ridge slender, sharply projecting. Frons nearly impunctate with several scattered setae. Clypeus darkened. Labrum with a longitudinal row of four setae. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, antennomeres 9–11 rounded oval, equally wide, distinctly wider than antennomeres 2–7.</p> <p>Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 5) round, strongly convex in lateral view, impunctate, strongly narrowed basally by a deep antebasal transverse impression. Pronotal impression impunctate, reaching pronotal side. Anterolateral angles of pronotum extremely wide, projecting laterally, triangular, bearing a setiferous pore with a long seta. Posterolateral angles of pronotum small, sharp. Pronotal base straight, with a sharp edge. Procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly. Scutellum rounded-triangular. Elytra convex, punctate; punctures arranged in regular rows. Basal elytral margin widely rounded, elytral apices narrowed posteriorly. Lateral sides of elytra slightly produced laterally, lateral elytral margin and pleura not visible from dorsal view. Epipleura wide in basal parts, strongly narrowing towards apex. Humeral calli and wings absent. Metaventrite with a short, wide process extending about half of the space between the mesocoxae, not covering mesoventrite. Legs brown. Protibiae widened towards apex and slightly curved laterally. Metatibiae slightly widened apically, not bearing any distinct apical spine. Pro- and mesotarsi elongated; protarsi as long as a quarter of the protibiae, mesotarsi nearly as long as two-thirds of the mesotibiae. Metatarsomere 1 elongated, as long as metatarsomeres 2 and 3 combined.</p> <p>Abdomen: Abdominal ventrites feebly punctate. First abdominal ventrite with a wide process reaching the space between the metacoxae.</p> <p>Generic diagnosis: Benedictoides is distinct among the Afrotropical fauna. It is only similar to the Afrotropical genus Celisaltica Biondi, 2001, sharing the lack of wings, somewhat elongated body, open procoxal cavities and apical antennomeres slightly widened. However, Benedictoides can be easily distinguished from Celisaltica by having a deep pronotal antebasal transverse impression and impunctate pronotum. The new genus is also similar to Manobia, from which it can be separated by lack of humeral calli (in Manobia, extremely projecting humeral calli are present). When compared to the fauna worldwide, Benedictoides is similar to the related Asian moss-inhabiting genus Benedictus. It also shares general body shape and many characters with the Neotropical genus Aulonodera Champion, 1918, but which is not related. Benedictoides shares the following characters with Benedictus: wings absent; procoxal cavities open posteriorly; pronotum impunctate with a deep, antebasal, transverse impression; well-developed frontal calli; elytra deeply punctate by deep punctures arranged in rows; and widely projected anterior pronotal angles. However, the new genus differs from Benedictus in the following characters (Fig. 4): (1) pronotum narrow, much narrower than basal part of elytra (in Benedictus, pronotum is usually as wide or only slightly narrower than basal part of elytra); (2) basal margin of elytra rounded, not forming a distinct edge between basal and lateral elytral margin (in Benedictus, basal elytral margin is straight, basal and lateral margin of elytra forming an edge); (3) pronotum and elytra extremely convex (in Benedictus, pronotum and elytra are not extremely convex or even flat in some species); (4) pronotal antebasal transverse impression reaching pronotal side (in Benedictus, pronotal antebasal transverse impression usually ends before pronotal side, in many species surrounded by short basal longitudinal impressions); and (5) antennomeres 9–11 rounded oval, equally wide, distinctly wider than antennomeres 2–7 (in Benedictus, antennomeres are widening gradually from basal to apical, with antennomere 11 the widest and antennomeres are subtriangular, widening apically). Benedictoides shares the following characters with Aulonodera: wings absent; pronotum narrower than basal part of elytra; basal elytral margin rounded, lacking an edge between basal and lateral margins; ovalrounded distal antennomeres; and antebasal pronotal transverse impression reaching pronotal pleura. The new genus differs from Aulonodera by having elytra punctate with deep punctures arranged in rows (in Aulonodera, elytra are nearly impunctate); and procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly (in Aulonodera, procoxal cavities are partially closed posteriorly).</p> <p>Ecology: The only species, here described, was collected by sifting moss cushions in a tropical montane cloud forest (Fig. 6).</p> <p>Etymology: The name Benedictoides means ‘similar to Benedictus ’ and refers to the strong similarity between these two moss-inhabiting flea beetle genera. The name is masculine.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5C770CFE993878EBAF4D2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5D770BFC3E3CC9E9EB4CCC.text	7220879B5C5D770BFC3E3CC9E9EB4CCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Benedictoides munclingeri Damaška & Konstantinov & Fikáček 2022	<div><p>BENEDICTOIDES MUNCLINGERI SP. NOV.</p> <p>(FIG. 5)</p> <p>Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: EFFFD238-A15A-49BB-870B-7CE4EC04690C</p> <p>Type locality: Mount Cameroon (Fako), Cameroon.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (male, NMPC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.183889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.1408334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.183889/lat 4.1408334)">Label</a> data: (1) CAMEROON: Fako reg., Mount Cameroon; 4°08′27″N, 9°11′02″E; sifting moss; 3. xii. 2019; Pavel Munclinger lgt.; (2) VOUCHER SPECIMEN ex coll. A. F. DamaŠka, no. AFD-281; (3) HOLOTYPE Benedictoides munclingeri Albert F. DamaŠka des. 2021.</p> <p>Description: Body (Fig. 5) 1.4 mm long, 0.75 mm wide in dorsal view, 0.5 mm high in lateral view. Dorsal surfaces brown; ventral surfaces dark blackish brown. Antennae long, reaching to one-half of the elytra. Antennomeres 1–2 and 11 light yellowish brown, antennomeres 3–5 and 10 brown, antennomeres 6–9 dark blackish brown. Basal half of femora darkened, apical half of femora, tibiae and tarsi brown. Pronotum convex, elevated anteriorly in lateral view; anterior angles of pronotum with a long seta reaching basal elytral margin. Elytra with nine regular rows of large, deep punctures; interspace between rows 8 and 9 slightly elevated, forming a longitudinal ridge. Basal elytral margin surrounded by a deep groove reaching to a quarter of the lateral elytral margin. Aedeagus (Fig. 5) long, slender in ventral, bow-like in lateral view. Basal orifice slightly widened basally, basal two-thirds of aedeagus parallel-sided, apical third narrowed in ventral view. Apex of aedeagus dull, with a small, pointed tip in ventral view, forming an apical edge-like tip sharply curved ventrally in lateral view. Tegmen slender. Female unknown.</p> <p>Etymology: The species is named in honour of Pavel Munclinger who collected the only known specimen while sifting for the first time in his life. The species name is a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>DNA material: The sequences of Benedictoides munclingeri are available under the following GenBank accession numbers: cox 1 barcode (OK561527), wingless (OK500042).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5D770BFC3E3CC9E9EB4CCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5A770BFF253DFEEC6B4C9A.text	7220879B5C5A770BFF253DFEEC6B4C9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borinken Konstantinov & Konstantinova 2011	<div><p>BORINKEN KONSTANTINOV &amp; KONSTANTINOVA, 2011</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Borinken elyunque Konstantinov et al., 2011.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: The genus belongs to the Leptophysa generic group, together with the mossinhabiting genus Stevenaltica and the winged, leafsurface-living genus Leptophysa, which is its sister-group.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The two known species are both found in Puerto Rico.</p> <p>R e v i s i o n s: T h e g e n u s wa s d e s c r i b e d r e c e n t l y (Konstantinov &amp; Konstantinova, 2011), another species has been described by Konstantinov et al. (2020).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body small (1 mm), not abruptly convex, brown with no metallic lustre.</p> <p>Head with a deeply punctate vertex; frontal ridge distinct and narrow. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, which gradually widen towards the antennal apex, thus antennae tend to form a long antennal club. Pronotum subquadrate in dorsal view, strongly and deeply punctured; pronotal punctures identical with punctures on elytra. Punctation of pronotum irregular, not forming any rows or antebasal impressions. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Mesoventrite not covered by metaventrite in the intercoxal space, metaventral process relatively short, bearing a lateral row of deep punctures. Elytra fused together, subconical in dorsal view, covered by rows of deep punctures. Wings and humeral calli absent. Aedeagus simplified, wide and short; spermatheca simple, spermathecal duct without coils. Vaginal palpi fused basally.</p> <p>Ecology: Only a few specimens have been collected to date, from moss on various substrates in montane cloud forest at about 1000–1400 m a.s.l..</p> <p>Remarks: The genus is unique among all flea beetles in its general body shape, size, colour and punctation. Among New World flea beetles it is somewhat similar to Centralaphthona Bechyné &amp; Bechyné, 1960, sharing the general body shape, regularly punctate elytra, presence of antennal calli on head and open procoxal cavities. However, Borinken can be separated easily e.g. by having strongly punctate pronotum, fused elytra and the shape of antennal calli. It differs from the Oriental and Palaearctic genus Benedictus by lacking the antebasal transverse impression and also in the general body shape.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5A770BFF253DFEEC6B4C9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5A770AFCEE3C5FEC0F4B0A.text	7220879B5C5A770AFCEE3C5FEC0F4B0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cangshanaltica Konstantinov	<div><p>CANGSHANALTICA KONSTANTINOV ET AL., 2013</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Cangshanaltica nigra Konstantinov et al., 2013.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Cangshanaltica has recently been revealed as a member of the Chabria group, together with the moss-inhabiting genus Ivalia and the leaf-surfaceliving genera Chabria Jacoby, 1887, Chabriosoma Chen, 1934 and Sutrea Baly, 1876 (DamaŠka et al., 2020). In our present study, the sister-group of Cangshanaltica is Ivalia (pp = 0.95). However, a larger phylogenetic analysis of the Chabria group revealed Cangshanaltica as a sister-group of a clade containing mostly winged genera, namely Chabria, Chabriosoma, Sutrea and Parathrylea Duvivier, 1892 (DamaŠka et al., 2020).</p> <p>Revisions: The genus was recently described (Konstantinov et al., 2013) as monotypic, with additional species described since (DamaŠka &amp; Konstantinov, 2016; Konstantinov et al., 2016; DamaŠka &amp; Aston, 2019; Ruan et al., 2020; Takemoto &amp; Suenaga, 2021).</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: Seven species have been described; descriptions of four additional species are in preparation (DamaŠka et al., in prep.). The genus is distributed in the Himalayan foothills (China and Thailand), the Philippines, the Chinese coast from Hong Kong to Zhejiang, in Taiwan (DamaŠka et al., 2021) and in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Takemoto &amp; Suenaga, 2021).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body generally ovate to round in dorsal view, strongly convex in lateral view, head nearly hypognathous. Antennal calli indistinct. Antennae with 11 antennomeres; apical antennomeres tend to be widened. Antennomere 7 bears a distal protrusion. A remarkably similar protrusion was recently discovered in a flightless galerucine Prathapanius fortis Viswajyothi &amp; Clark, 2020. Pronotum short, convex, with an anterolateral setiferous pore placed nearly in the midlength of the lateral pronotal margin. Procoxal cavity open posteriorly. Mesoventrite entirely covered by the anterior process of the metaventrite in the area between the mesocoxae. The surface of the anterior metaventral process is strongly modified with distinctly projecting lateral margin, forming a specific ‘horseshoe-like’ shape. Elytra convex, usually covered with scattered feeble punctures. Legs robust, metatibiae slightly or strongly curved. First metatarsomere elongated. First abdominal ventrite with an elevated ridge, surrounded by deep punctures, exceeding as an anterior abdominal process between metacoxae. Aedeagus usually simple, long, with somewhat arrow-like apex. Spermathecal duct without coils. Vaginal palpi fused basally.</p> <p>Ecology: Unlike other moss-inhabiting flea beetle genera, the ecology of Cangshanaltica is well documented. The montane species (C. mindanaoensis DamaŠka et al., 2020, C. nigra and C. siamensis DamaŠka &amp; Konstantinov, 2003) live in moss cushions in montane cloud forests or close to the tree line. Cangshanaltica sprynari DamaŠka &amp; Aston, 2019 and C. fuanensis Ruan et al., 2020, on the contrary, were found at low elevations. Individuals of C. sprynari were documented to be active only for few days during the year, usually after rains, walking over substrate covered by thin layers of mosses (instead of inside of moss cushions). Cangshanaltica nigra is documented to feed on tissues of Hypnum Hedw. moss, as documented by the dissection of its gut content; C. sprynari feeds on Fissidens Hedw., which was also demonstrated by dissection (Konstantinov et al., 2013; DamaŠka &amp; Aston, 2019). Ruan et al. (2020) described the larva and ecology of C. fuanensis, including the length of the larval development and egg-laying ecology.</p> <p>Remarks: Externally, Cangshanaltica is s i m i l a r t o I v a l i a, s h a r i n g m o s t o f i t s g e n e r a l morphological features, i.e. round and convex body, curved metatibiae and the horseshoe-like anterior metaventral process. The main diagnostic characters between Cangshanaltica and Ivalia are: the anterolateral pronotal setiferous pore situated nearly in the midlength of the pronotal margin (in Ivalia, it is placed anteriorly, usually with an anterior lobe placed before the pore); seventh antennomere is modified, bearing a distal protrusion (in Ivalia, seventh antennomere does not bear such a protrusion). Members of Ivalia are also usually more ovate (Cangshanaltica is usually more rounded) and less convex in body shape.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5A770AFCEE3C5FEC0F4B0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C5B7709FC103AD7EC944B20.text	7220879B5C5B7709FC103AD7EC944B20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clavicornaltica Scherer 1974	<div><p>CLAVICORNALTICA SCHERER, 1974</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Clavicornaltica besucheti Scherer, 1974.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: In our analysis, Clavicornaltica has a long branch suggesting its rapid evolution, and making its phylogenetic placement difficult to reveal. Our analysis revealed Clavicornaltica as a member of the Aphthonine–Chabrine clade, with Neocrepidodera as the sister-clade, albeit with low support (P = 0.64). DamaŠka et al. (2020) revealed Clavicornaltica to form a moderately supported clade with Neocrepidodera and Orestia Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: To date, 27 species of Clavicornaltica are described from various countries across South-East Asia. The genus is distributed from Nepal, India and Sri Lanka to the Solomon Islands, one known species lives in Australia and the northern boundary of the range is in Japan and China. Because the treatment of Clavicornaltica and the dissection of genitalia are extremely difficult, older authors used a wide species concept, treating the observed variation as unnamed forms. Modern studies based on genitalia morphology have shown that this approach is incorrect and the true diversity of Clavicornaltica is huge, probably reaching hundreds of undescribed species.</p> <p>Revisions: The complete fauna of Clavicornaltica was reviewed by Medvedev (1996); a long-term study on the genus was also performed by Manfred Döberl, but its results were never published. Konstantinov &amp; Duckett (2005) described new species and provided a key for species distributed in southern China and Vietnam, Suenaga &amp; Yoshida (2016) summarized the known fauna of Japan and Taiwan with descriptions of more new species. Other studies on Clavicornaltica only describe single new species, without providing a wider comparison or updated identification keys.</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Clavicornaltica specimens, being the smallest among leaf beetles, are characterized by very small body size (0.7–1.5 mm). Body generally extremely compact, round, pronotum and elytra strongly convex in lateral view. Head hypognathous, triangular in frontal view, in some species with developed frontal callosities and frontal ridge. Antennae short; antennomeres 5–11 strongly widened, forming a distinct antennal club. The shape of the antennal club varies from relatively elongated, not welldefined one to strongly compact and rounded (the latter is present in most species). Pronotum strongly convex, legs short. Metatibiae extremely widened. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Mesoventrite completely invisible in ventral view, entirely covered by an elongated anterior metaventral process. First abdominal ventrite with an anterior process reaching the space between metacoxae with distinct ridge surrounded by deep punctures. Elytra strongly convex, usually covered with poorly visible punctures. Males of most species winged; females of all known species flightless and wingless. The morphology of both male and female genitalia is extremely diverse and seems to be one of the only morphological characteristics useful for species-level diagnostics. Aedeagus moderately sclerotized to nearly completely unsclerotized; in many species, basal opening of the aedeagus strongly elongated, forming up to a half of the aedeagus length. Aedeagi of many species strongly curved in lateral view or, on the other hand, strongly elongated, in extreme cases longer than abdomen stretching up to prothorax. The morphological diversity of spermatheca is also high; the shape of the pump and receptacle varies from a cylindrical pump with distinctly separated, short and slender receptacle, to bow-like spermatheca with receptacle and pump fused. Duct usually short, but strongly coiled in many species; on the other hand, the duct is extremely shortened and nearly not present in some species. Vaginal palpi usually long, slender and parallel.</p> <p>Ecology: Little information is available about Clavicornaltica ecology. The beetles are usually collected by sifting, males are sometimes detected in flight-intercept traps or malaise traps. Konstantinov et al. (2013) mentions some species to be associated with mosses, which is the reason why we list the genus here. However, the majority of species are probably associated with decaying material and can be collected by sifting forest leaf-litter without mosses. Therefore, we treat the genus as leaf-litter-inhabiting in the phylogenetic study.</p> <p>Remarks: The unique morphology of Clavicornaltica makes the genus clearly distinguishable from all other flea beetle genera distributed in the Old World. The only genus similar to Clavicornaltica is Kiskeya Konstantinov &amp; Chamorro-Lacayo, 2006 distributed in the West Indies. However, the two genera can be distinguished by different shape and structure of antennae and the antennal club, as well as by the shape of the metaventrite (Kiskeya does not have the metaventral process covering the mesoventrite in the space between the mesocoxae) and procoxal cavities (in Kiskeya, procoxal cavities are closed). Because of the morphological uniformity and strong morphological difference from other genera, no hypothesis on the relationships between Clavicornaltica and other flea beetle genera has been proposed to date.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C5B7709FC103AD7EC944B20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C587709FC0F3AF4ECA54D91.text	7220879B5C587709FC0F3AF4ECA54D91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distigmoptera BLAKE 1943	<div><p>DISTIGMOPTERA BLAKE, 1943</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Distigmoptera apicalis Blake, 1943.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Distigmoptera has been traditionally placed in the subtribe Monoplatina, which has been confirmed as monophyletic in our analysis. We found Distigmoptera as sister to the clade containing moss-inhabiting Andersonaltica and Ulrica.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: A total of 16 species of Distigmoptera are known, including one in Canada, two in Costa Rica, three in Mexico and one in the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. Nine Distigmoptera species occur in the USA (Riley et al., 2003).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C587709FC0F3AF4ECA54D91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C597708FF173D3AEA4E4D64.text	7220879B5C597708FF173D3AEA4E4D64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erinaceialtica KONSTANTINOV & LINZMEIER 2020	<div><p>ERINACEIALTICA KONSTANTINOV &amp; LINZMEIER, 2020</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Erinaceialtica rickstanleyi Konstantinov &amp; Linzmeier, 2020.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C597708FF173D3AEA4E4D64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C467717FEF13816EC3F4CDC.text	7220879B5C467717FEF13816EC3F4CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ivalia Jacoby 1887	<div><p>IVALIA JACOBY, 1887</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Ivalia viridipennis Jacoby, 1887, designated by Maulik (1926).</p> <p>Synonyms: Ancyloscelis Ogloblin, 1930, synonymized by Scherer (1969); Amphimeloides Jacoby, 1887, synonymized by Duckett et al. (2006); Taizonia Chen, 1934, synonymized by Duckett et al. (2006); Schereria Medvedev, 1984, synonymized by Gruev &amp; Askevold, (1988).</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: The genus belongs to the Chabria group, based on both our analyses and DamaŠka et al. (2021); the latter study revealed polyphyly of the genus, therefore, the genus will require revision.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: There are 86 known species of Ivalia; most species were catalogued by Nadein (2013a) listing 67 species.An additional two species were described by Medvedev (2016) and a further species by Takizawa &amp; Konstantinov (2018). New species from the Philippines were described by DamaŠka et al. (2020) and from Japan by Takemoto &amp; Suenaga (2021). The genus is distributed from India and the Himalayas to central China, Japan and southwards to Australia. Most species are described from high mountain ranges (Himalayas, Mt. Kinabalu and New Guinea).</p> <p>Revisions: The genus has not been revised recently. Duckett et al. (2006) redescribed the genus, described its larva and established new synonyms; fauna of Australia was revised by Nadein (2013a). Synoptic keys were presented by Medvedev (2009) for Indochina and Yang et al. (2015) for China and Taiwan.</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: The morphological features diagnosing Ivalia were proposed by Duckett et al. (2006) and should possibly be revised based on DamaŠka et al. (2021). The genus consists mainly of small to large flea beetles (1.5–5.0 mm). General body shape oval to rounded, convex in lateral view. Body colour from black, with or without metallic lustre, to yellow basic colour and variable pattern or dark elytral and pronotal spots. The majority of species are wingless. Head nearly hypognathous, antennal shape from long and slender to relatively short, with distal antennomeres somewhat widened, frontal calli poorly developed (Nadein, 2013a; Takizawa &amp; Konstantinov, 2018). Pronotum usually about twice as wide as long, convex, on apical margins sometimes with rounded lobes visible anterolaterally. Pronotal margin with a setiferous pore situated in the apical half of the pronotal length. Procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly.The anterior process of the metaventrite expanding between the mesocoxae partially covering the mesoventrite, similar to that of Clavicornaltica and Cangshanaltica. Metaventral intercoxal process surface excavated, forming a horseshoe-shaped structure (as in Cangshanaltica). Metafemora strongly curved in many species, some described species bearing straight metafemora (Takizawa &amp; Konstantinov, 2018). Metatibiae with a long apical spur, proximal metatarsomere elongated. Vaginal palpi fused basally, with apices widely separated. Spermatheca simply formed, with duct not bearing coils. Aedeagus usually simple with long, wide and flat apex.</p> <p>Ecology: In most species the ecology is not known, but all species with known biology are associated with mosses and known larvae feed on mosses (Duckett et al., 2006; Takizawa &amp; Konstantinov, 2018; Takemoto &amp; Suenaga, 2021). The majority of known species are described from high elevations up to 3500 m, but mid-elevation and lowland species are known as well (DamaŠka &amp; Aston, 2019; Takemoto &amp; Suenaga, 2021).</p> <p>Remarks: Diagnoses from Clavicornaltica and Cangshanaltica were mentioned above. Ivalia is also similar to Phaelota Jacoby, 1887, from which it can be distinguished by the morphology of procoxal cavities, closed posteriorly in Phaelota, open in Ivalia (Konstantinov et al., 2013).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C467717FEF13816EC3F4CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C467716FC963D98EA074C52.text	7220879B5C467716FC963D98EA074C52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kiskeya Konstantinov & Chamorro-Lacayo 2006	<div><p>KISKEYA KONSTANTINOV &amp; CHAMORRO- LACAYO, 2006</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Kiskeya baorucae Konstantinov et al., 2006.</p> <p>Synonyms: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: We found Kiskeya deeply nested inside the ‘Disonychine–Monoplatine’ clade, belonging to the Disonycha generic group, where it stands as a sister-lineage to all its remaining members.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: Five species of Kiskeya are known to date. The genus is endemic to the West Indies.</p> <p>Revisions: New species with keys provided are described in Konstantinov &amp; Konstantinova (2011) and Konstantinov et al. (2020).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body extremely small (0.8–1.1 mm), strongly ovate and extremely convex in lateral view. Head hypognathous. Antennae with only nine antennomeres, short, four apical antennomeres strongly widened, forming a compact and rounded antennal club. Pronotum strongly convex, bearing a pair of basal setiferous pores on lateral margin. Elytra extremely convex, round, nearly lacking punctures. Procoxal cavities closed posteriorly. Metaventral process short, triangular, not covering the mesoventrite in the space between the mesocoxae. Metafemora strongly widened, metatibiae slightly curved. The first abdominal ventrite bears a distinct ridge surrounded by deep punctures, with an anterior process reaching the space between metacoxae. Aedeagus simple and parallel-sided, curved in lateral view. Spermatheca subcylindrical, pump wide and relatively long. Spermathecal duct extremely short.</p> <p>Ecology: Specimens of Kiskeya were collected in cloud forests by sifting or individually from moss cushions. Larvae were also collected in the same moss samples (Konstantinov, unpubl. data).</p> <p>Remarks: The morphology of Kiskeya represents an extreme specialization for edaphic lifestyle, making Kiskeya completely different from all known Neotropical alticine genera. In worldwide fauna, the only similar genus is the Asian genus Clavicornaltica, which is diagnosed from Kiskeya above.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C467716FC963D98EA074C52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C477716FF713D0DEA4E4D55.text	7220879B5C477716FF713D0DEA4E4D55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Menudos Linzmeier & Konstantinov 2020	<div><p>MENUDOS LINZMEIER &amp; KONSTANTINOV, 2020</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Menudos toronegro Linzmeier &amp; Konstantinov, 2020.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C477716FF713D0DEA4E4D55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C447715FE973866EB8C4A1A.text	7220879B5C447715FE973866EB8C4A1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Minota KUTSCHERA 1859	<div><p>MINOTA KUTSCHERA, 1859</p> <p>(FIG. 6)</p> <p>Type species: Haltica obesa Waltl, 1839.</p> <p>Synonymy: Hypnophila Foudras, 1859 (synonymized by Kutschera, 1864).</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Minota belongs to the Mantura group, together with the leaf-surface-living genera Mantura and Novofoudrasia. The inner phylogenetic relationships of the Mantura group remain uncertain.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The genus has eight known species, which are distributed throughout the Palaearctic region from Europe to East Asia, with a few species found in Nepal and Sichuan.</p> <p>Revisions: The genus was partially revised by Döberl (2007).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body medium-sized (1.8–3.5 mm), oval in dorsal view, moderately convex in lateral view, dark or dark with metallic lustre. Head nearly hypognathous, frontal ridge short, wide and flat, antennal calli developed, but narrow. Antennae 11-segmented, apical antennomeres rounded, moniliform. Pronotum convex and sparsely punctate, with two short, longitudinal, antebasal impressions. Procoxal cavities closed posteriorly. Elytra with rows of punctures. Humeral calli and wings not developed. Legs usually paler than body surfaces. The morphology of the aedeagus usually relatively complex, with different structures visible in dorsal view. Spermatheca slender, with spermathecal duct simple or bearing coils.</p> <p>Ecology: Beetles of the genus Minota are known to feed on mosses, usually in mountains across Palaearctic (Konstantinov et al., 2013).</p> <p>Remarks: The genus is similar to Paraminota Scherer, 1989, from which it can be separated by having closed procoxal cavities (in Paraminota, procoxal cavities are open). It also resembles the genus Mantura, from which it can be separated by its lack of wings (Mantura is macropterous).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C447715FE973866EB8C4A1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C447714FC063BCCE94D48B2.text	7220879B5C447714FC063BCCE94D48B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mniophila Stephens 1831	<div><p>MNIOPHILA STEPHENS, 1831</p> <p>(FIG. 6)</p> <p>Type species: Haltica muscorum Koch, 1803.</p> <p>Synonymy: This genus has no generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Our Bayesian analysis revealed Mniophila as a sister-group to Pentamesa in the Pentamesa group. This result corresponds with Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses in DamaŠka et al. (2021). The maximum likelihood analysis performed here reveals Mniophila as a sister to the leaf-litter-inhabiting Patagonian Aulonodera with a low support (BS = 32), which we consider as less probable.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: Four species are known so far. The genus is distributed in Europe and adjacent areas around the Black Sea coast. Differences between the species are subtle and molecular treatment seems necessary to reveal the species status of various populations.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C447714FC063BCCE94D48B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C457714FEB53C24EBE14D34.text	7220879B5C457714FEB53C24EBE14D34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mniophilosoma Wollaston 1854	<div><p>MNIOPHILOSOMA WOLLASTON, 1854</p> <p>(FIG. 6)</p> <p>Type species: Mniophilosoma laeve Wollaston, 1854.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: The phylogenetic placement of Mniophilosoma has not been sufficiently resolved in our analysis; with a low support, it was revealed as a member of the Aphthonine–Chabrine clade.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The two known species of the genus are distributed in the Macaronesian islands of the Azores and Madeira. These species are similar and differ mostly in morphological details in elytral microsculpture and genitalia. Gillerfors (1986)</p> <p>proposed a hypothesis that the two species are closely related.</p> <p>Revisions: The genus contains two species only and was never revised. Diagnoses of both species were provided by (Gillerfors, 1986).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body small, around 1.5–2.0 mm long, elliptical in dorsal view, convex in lateral view. Body surfaces darkened or black with metallic lustre. Head nearly hypognathous, frontal calli well developed. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, pale yellowish. Apical antennomeres tending to form a slightly developed antennal club. Pronotum convex, lacking any grooves or impression, impunctate. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Posterior process of proventrite process strongly punctated. Elytra convex, sparsely punctate or microsculptured. Wings and humeral calli not developed. Legs pale, metafemora not strongly widened. Aedeagus long and parallelsided, spermathecal duct without coils.</p> <p>Ecology: The species are enigmatic and only a few papers comment on their biology. In the Azores, Mniophilosoma obscurum Gillerfors, 1986 was collected from Sphagnum L. moss cushions under Ericaceae shrubs (Gillerfors, 1986). The Madeiran species, M. laeve, inhabits moss cushions in wet subtropical laurisilva forests typical for Macaronesia (Prada et al., 2009). Mniophilosoma laeve is a common species in Madeira and can be easily collected. Interestingly, the beetles are slow in their movement and are almost unable to jump (DamaŠka, personal observation).</p> <p>Remarks: The genus is somewhat similar to the European Mniophila, from which it was diagnosed above.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C457714FEB53C24EBE14D34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C457714FC723C96ECA64EC0.text	7220879B5C457714FC723C96ECA64EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monotalla BECHYN 1956	<div><p>MONOTALLA BECHYN, 1956</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Monotalla guadeloupensis Bechyně, 1956.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C457714FC723C96ECA64EC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C427713FF5F3CA8EA784EF0.text	7220879B5C427713FF5F3CA8EA784EF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicaltica Konstantinov 2009	<div><p>NICALTICA KONSTANTINOV ET AL., 2009</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Nicaltica selvanegra Konstantinov et al., 2009.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C427713FF5F3CA8EA784EF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C427713FC0B3DA0ECB44D9F.text	7220879B5C427713FC0B3DA0ECB44D9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraminota Scherer 1989	<div><p>PARAMINOTA SCHERER, 1989</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Paraminota nepalensis Scherer, 1989.</p> <p>Synonymy: Chabriella Medvedev, 1990, synonymized by Konstantinov (2002); Schawalleria Medvedev, 1990, synonymized by Konstantinov (2002).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C427713FC0B3DA0ECB44D9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C437712FF053DC5EA4E4D7F.text	7220879B5C437712FF053DC5EA4E4D7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraminotella DOBERL & KONSTANTINOV 2003	<div><p>PARAMINOTELLA DÖBERL &amp; KONSTANTINOV, 2003</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Paraminota nepalensis Döberl, 1991.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C437712FF053DC5EA4E4D7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C437711FC5C3A78E9A34B90.text	7220879B5C437711FC5C3A78E9A34B90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaelota Jacoby 1887	<div><p>PHAELOTA JACOBY, 1887</p> <p>(FIG. 4)</p> <p>Type species: Phaelota semifasciata Jacoby, 1887.</p> <p>Synonymy: This genus has no generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Unknown. A possible placement in the Chabria group has been discussed, but no molecular or morphological phylogenetic analysis has been published to justify this.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: So far, 16 species of Phaelota are known (Ruan et al., 2017). The genus is found mainly in India and Sri Lanka. One species was described from Borneo (Konstantinov, 2008).</p> <p>Revisions: The fauna of southern India and Sri Lanka was recently revised by Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath (2009).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body large, 2.5 to 5.5 mm long, oval to round in dorsal view, moderately convex in lateral view, colour variable. Head hypognathous, partially retracted into prothorax. Antennal calli well developed, triangular, separated from vertex and from each other by deep impressions. Frontal ridge wide and flat. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, not widened or forming any apical club. Pronotum wide, with a feebly developed a n t e b a s a l t r a n s v e r s e i m p r e s s i o n, s u r r o u n d e d by two short longitudinal impressions. Procoxal cavities closed posteriorly; in Phaelota sindhoori Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath, 2004, procoxal cavities narrowly open. The intercoxal proventral process wide. Elytra narrowing towards apex, with rows of slightly developed punctures. Legs long; all coxae with a triangular posterior denticle. Aedeagus simple, slightly curved in lateral view. Spermatheca simple, with a long pump and bulbous receptacle; spermathecal duct without coils. Vaginal palpi fused basally, and parallel.</p> <p>Ecology: The genus contains both moss-inhabiting and leaf-surface-living species (Konstantinov et al., 2013; Ruan et al., 2017). Prathapan &amp; Viraktamath (2009) report that at least three leaf-surface-living Indian species feed on ferns. It is likely that various species from the genus feed on various food sources; however, the ecology of Phaelota needs more research to be resolved.</p> <p>Remarks: The genus is similar to Chabria and Acrocrypta Baly, 1862. It can be separated from Chabria, by having closed procoxal cavities (procoxal cavities are open in Chabria). From Acrocrypta, the genus differs by having a wide intercoxal proventral process and elytral punctures in rows (in Acrocrypta, the intercoxal proventral process is narrow and elytra are confusedly punctured).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C437711FC5C3A78E9A34B90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C407711FF773D43EB054C62.text	7220879B5C407711FF773D43EB054C62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stevenaltica Konstantinov 2014	<div><p>STEVENALTICA KONSTANTINOV ET AL., 2014</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Stevenaltica normi Konstantinov et al., 2014.</p> <p>Synonymy: This genus has no generic synonyms.</p> <p>P h y l o g e n e t i c p o s i t i o n: O u r a n a l y s i s p l a c e d Stevenaltica as a member of the Leptophysa group, where it stands as a sister-lineage to Leptophysa and Borinken.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: Two species of Stevenaltica are known so far. Both species were collected in mountain ranges in Bolivia.</p> <p>Revisions: The genus has not been revised, but a key to distinguish both known species is given in the generic description (Konstantinov et al., 2014).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body 1.6–1.8 mm long, elongate in dorsal view, feebly convex in lateral view. General body colour dark brown. Head prognathous with developed antennal calli. Frontal ridge narrow. Antennae with 11 elongate antennomeres, not forming apical club. Pronotum with a feeble antebasal transverse impression, nearly as long as wide, pronotal margin S-shaped. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Proventral intercoxal process strongly widened apically.Anterior metaventral process exceeding into the space between the mesocoxae, not cover the mesoventrite. Anterior process of the first abdominal ventrite wide. Legs generally pale. Metatibiae gradually widening from base towards apex. Aedeagus simple, parallel-sided in dorsal view, relatively flat in lateral view. Spermathecal pump well separated from the receptacle, slender. Spermathecal receptacle longer than wide, slender. Spermathecal duct long with developed coils. Vaginal palpi fused basally and slightly separated apically.</p> <p>Ecology: The beetles were collected by sifting moss cushions on tree trunks, ground and rocks. Sampling sites of both known species were in montane cloud forests at high elevations (2500 m).</p> <p>Remarks: Stevenaltica somewhat resembles the Neotropical Exoceras Jacoby, 1891, from which it is diagnosed, e.g. by having frons and vertex feebly convex laterally (in Exoceras, they are strongly convex) or having the base of the pronotum feebly convex (in Exoceras, the base of the pronotum is extended into a lobe).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C407711FF773D43EB054C62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C407711FC6A3D0EECD04D49.text	7220879B5C407711FC6A3D0EECD04D49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulrica Scherer 1962	<div><p>ULRICA SCHERER, 1962</p> <p>(FIG. 3)</p> <p>Type species: Sparnus minutus Jacoby, 1889.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C407711FC6A3D0EECD04D49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C417710FF483AB8EA604E7C.text	7220879B5C417710FF483AB8EA604E7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adamastoraltica Biondi 2020	<div><p>ADAMASTORALTICA BIONDI ET AL., 2020</p> <p>Type species: Adamastoraltica humicola Biondi et al., 2020.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Adamastoraltica has been placed in the Aphthonine–Chabrine clade as a sister-group to a clade containing Neocrepidodera, Clavicornaltica and the Chabria group. DamaŠka et al. (2020) found different phylogenetic relationships inside the Aphthonine–Chabrine clade, placing Adamastoraltica as a sister-group to a clade containing Mniophila, Pentamesa and Argopus Fischer, 1824.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The only known species, as well as undescribed species from the material examined in this study, are known from the Western Cape Province in South Africa.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C417710FF483AB8EA604E7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C41771FFC063D8FEAAD4CDC.text	7220879B5C41771FFC063D8FEAAD4CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apteropeda CHEVROLAT 1836	<div><p>APTEROPEDA CHEVROLAT, 1836</p> <p>Type species: Haltica ciliata Olivier, 1808 = Apteropeda orbiculata Marsham, 1802.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Apteropeda is a sister-group to the Oriental and Eastern Palaearctic Argopistes, inside the Dibolia group.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The genus has four known species, which are distributed only in the Western Palaearctic (Europe and North Africa).</p> <p>Revisions: This genus has never been revised. A synoptic key to all known species is given in Warchałowski (2013).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body 2.0– 3.8 mm long, round-elliptical in dorsal view, convex in lateral view, brown to black or black with metallic lustre. Head nearly hypognathous; frontal ridge present and T-shaped. Antennae 11-segmented without any apical club. Pronotum short, wide, nearly impunctate or densely punctate. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Elytra convex, covered by rows of deep punctures. Wingless, humeral calli not developed. Legs relatively short, metatibiae variously modified (e.g. curved or deeply excavated). First metatarsomere elongated. Aedeagus short, bulbous with distinct excavations and furrows in dorsal view. Spermatheca simple; spermathecal duct U-shaped without coils.</p> <p>Ecology: The ecology and host plants of Apteropeda are not well known. Konstantinov &amp; Vandenberg (1996) list many different vascular plants to be previously documented as food sources (e.g. Ajuga L., Cirsium Mill., Plantago L., Satureja L., Veronica L., etc.), but the beetles are usually collected in plant detritus (ČÍŽek &amp; Doguet, 2008).</p> <p>Remarks: In the Western Palaearctic, the genus Apteropeda is somewhat similar to Sphaeroderma Stephens, 1831, from which it can be distinguished by having regular rows of punctures on the elytra(Palaearctic Sphaeroderma has confusedly punctate elytra).In general, Apteropeda is similar to the genus Argopistes, from which it can be separated by having nearly hypognathous head (in Argopistes, head is opistognathous) and by having moderately broadened metafemora and long metatibia (in Argopistes, metafemora are extremely enlarged and metatibiae shortened and usually strongly modified).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C41771FFC063D8FEAAD4CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
7220879B5C4E771FFEAF3D80EC7E4B94.text	7220879B5C4E771FFEAF3D80EC7E4B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aulonodera Champion 1918	<div><p>AULONODERA CHAMPION, 1918</p> <p>Type species: Aulonodera darwini Champion, 1918.</p> <p>Synonymy: No generic synonyms.</p> <p>Phylogenetic position: Uncertain phylogenetic position outside the major recognized clades. Our Bayesian analysis found Aulonodera to form an unresolved clade with the Manturine–Leptophysine and Aphthonine– Chabrine clades.</p> <p>Diversity and distribution: The only known species, Aulonodera darwini, is endemic in Chile, where it is known from Chiloe Island and from Arauco and Concepción provinces.</p> <p>Revisions: Aulonodera was redescribed and revised recently by Jerez &amp; Bocaz (2006).</p> <p>Morphological characteristics: Body 1.0– 1.7 mm long, elongate. Head with strongly developed antennal calli. Pronotum yellowish, rounded, long, convex, with a strong, antebasal, transverse impression formed by a distinct deep furrow without punctures. Lateral margin of pronotum forming distinct ‘ear-like’ edges. Elytra convex and shining, strongly produced laterally, elytral margin and pleura are not visible from dorsal view and epipleuron not visible even from lateral view. Each elytron with a distinct elevated ridge on elytral suture margin and on basal margin of elytra. Wings absent. Metatarsomere I elongate. Aedeagus short, parallel-sided. Spermatheca simple, spermathecal duct without coils.</p> <p>Ecology: Only a few specimens have ever been collected (the oldest specimen series was collected by Charles Darwin during his trip on HMS Beagle). Recently examined specimens were collected in Nothofagus Blume forests using pitfall traps, and it is proposed that this genus inhabits leaf litter. Nadein (2013a) proposes that the genus feeds on Nothofagus in his catalogue, which is not supported by any further data.</p> <p>Remarks: Aulonodera is somewhat similar to the Neotropical moss-inhabiting Stevenaltica, from which it is diagnosed above.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7220879B5C4E771FFEAF3D80EC7E4B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damaška, Albert František;Konstantinov, Alexander;Fikáček, Martin	Damaška, Albert František, Konstantinov, Alexander, Fikáček, Martin (2022): Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196: 647-676, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
