identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AD87CEFF8DAD71FF26FD83973EE0DD.text	03AD87CEFF8DAD71FF26FD83973EE0DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharyngodictyon magnifili Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Pharyngodictyon magnifili Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991</p> <p>Figure 1</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: CP 5217: 4 specimens. CP 5237: 1 specimen.</p> <p>The largest specimen has a spherical head 15mm in diameter on a narrow peduncle 20mm long (Fig. 1A). The tunic is vitreous with some encrusted sand. The apertures cannot be seen, and all zooids are contracted. Thoraces and abdomens are located in the head and the long post-abdomens extend inside the peduncle. The oral tentacles are thin, long, protruding out of the siphon (Fig. 1B). The branchial tissue has at least seven transverse bars with triangular dorsal languets. The stomach is elongated with longitudinal folds (Fig. 1B). The ovary is anterior to a clump of testis lobes. In one zooid two immature embryos are incubated in the thoracic cavity (Fig. 1B). One tadpole (Fig. 1C) was found free inside the colony head. It has three adhesive papillae in a line circled by very numerous ramified vesicles (Fig. 1C). Sensitive organs cannot be clearly seen.</p> <p>All characters of the SPANBIOS specimens well correspond to those already described from New Caledonia and figured in Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991 (Figs 7F; 10).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF8DAD71FF26FD83973EE0DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF8CAD76FF26FE879623E211.text	03AD87CEFF8CAD76FF26FE879623E211.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharyngodictyon melanesius Exbodi 2022	<div><p>Pharyngodictyon melanesius sp. nov.</p> <p>Figure 2</p> <p>Etymology: from Melanesia</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: DW 5227: 1 specimen. DW 5228: 2 specimens designated as syntypes (MNHN IT-2018- 77 Paris, France).</p> <p>The colonies are composed of a spherical head above a long thin peduncle (Fig. 2A). The tunic is soft, translucent, without sand. The heads are 4 to 5mm in diameter; the longest peduncle is 30mm. The thoraces and abdomens are included in the head and the post-abdomens with gonads extend into the peduncle. The body wall has muscular fibres in a sphincter at the siphons and a few longitudinal fibres on the thorax. On one zooid two lips can be seen on each aperture. The oral tentacles are thin and numerous but could not be counted. The dorsal tubercle is button-like. The triangular dorsal languets are erect between seven to nine transverse branchial bars (Fig. 2B,C). The digestive loop forms a right angle with the thorax. The stomach is short and its wall could not be clearly seen. The post-abdomen extends the entire length of the peduncle with the gonads in a long mass in the anterior part. One larva 0.8mm in diameter was found in the colony head (Fig. 2D). Two sensitive organs are present as black spots. There are three adhesive papillae in a line each separated by a median protrusion with four round papillae on each larval side (Fig. 2D). This larva obviously differs from those of other Pharyngodictyon species recorded from the New Caledonian area: P. magnifili has similar colonies and zooids but a different larva. P. bisinus Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991 has club-shaped sandy colonies but zooids with only two transverse branchial bars. P. cauliformis MonniotC. &amp; Monniot F., 1991 differs by its large sandy ramified colony on a stout peduncle and a larva of three adhesive papillae circled by a ring of digitate vesicles.</p> <p>P. elongatum Millar, 1982 from New Zealand with club-shaped colonies has a naked tunic and the branchial tissue has three transverse bars.</p> <p>P. mirabile Herdman, 1886 from the Antarctic Ocean is bare, club-shaped with five transverse branchial bars according to Millar (1982) who examined the type and Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. (1985).</p> <p>P. reductum Sluiter, 1906 represents a sessile unique specimen collected on a beach which likely does not belong to the genus Pharyngodictyon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF8CAD76FF26FE879623E211	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF8BAD74FF26FDCB90F3E0DD.text	03AD87CEFF8BAD74FF26FDCB90F3E0DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ascidia tapuni Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1987	<div><p>Ascidia tapuni Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1987</p> <p>Figures 3–4</p> <p>Station: SPANBIOS: CP 5285: 5 specimens</p> <p>Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1987a, Polynesia. Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1987b, Nouvelle Calédonie. Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003, Fiji. Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2008, Indonesia.</p> <p>The body from 11mm to 21 mm in length has the same shape in all specimens which is uncommon for the genus Ascidia: the tunic on the dorsal side is smooth, naked and translucent but on the ventral side is covered with dense sandy filaments (Fig. 3A). The siphons do not protrude. The oral aperture is apical with eight lobes and the atrial aperture with six lobes, is located at half-length or slightly more posteriorly along the body. The body wall is thin with muscles in sphincters around the siphons and making a network of fibres on the right body side only (Fig. 4B). The oral tentacles are long and thin. The anterior blade of the prepharyngeal band has numerous filiform papillae (Fig. 4D). The space between the tentacles and the prepharyngeal band is spotted (Fig. 4D). The neural ganglion is button-like. The branchial sac is flat and wide (Fig. 4A). Fifty longitudinal vessels were counted on the right side and 40 on the left side. There are generally two stigmata in a mesh and no parastigmatic vessels. The branchial papillae are round. The digestive loop is double (Fig. 4A,B,C) located in the posterior part of the left side. The stomach is round with five longitudinal folds (observed in one specimen). The intestine draws a closed loop and the rectum is enlarged (Fig. 4C). The anus has two lips. The ovary lies inside the gut loop and the testis is spread on the gut loop. The genital ducts open close to the anus.</p> <p>The internal anatomy corresponds to that of littoral stations from diverse parts of the Pacific Ocean but the mode of fixation here is different, resulting in a tuft of ventral rhizoids likely due to a sandy habitat.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF8BAD74FF26FDCB90F3E0DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF87AD7BFF26FF36967AE1A5.text	03AD87CEFF87AD7BFF26FF36967AE1A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycarpa carpocincta Monniot F. & Monniot C. 2003	<div><p>Polycarpa carpocincta Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C., 2003</p> <p>Figures 7 – 8</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: CP 5284, 2 specimens. CP 5290, 2 specimens.</p> <p>All specimens are similar in shape and are coated with sand. They are about 2.5cm in diameter with a variable number of rhizoids issued from the ventral side (Fig. 7A; 8A). The siphons are inconspicuous. The tunic is resistant but thin. All internal tissues are pigmented in brown (Figs 7; 8). The musculature forms strong sphincters at the siphons and a dense network of thin brown fibres over the body. Some chalky pigment is present on the internal side of the siphons. Only in one specimen the white pigment was also abundant on the body wall and branchial vessels (Fig. 8B). The oral tentacles are numerous with several sizes. The double prepharyngeal band is curved in a deep dorsal V containing a small button-like dorsal tubercle. The dorsal lamina is long and low. There are four branchial folds on each side (Figs 7D; 8C) with eight to 12 longitudinal vessels and separated by two to three vessels; ten to 12 stigmata were counted in a mesh between the folds without parastigmatic vessels. The gut loop is narrow and occupies a small part of the left body side (Figs 7B,C; 8B); it contains a large endocarp. The stomach has internal longitudinal folds and a small button-like caecum. The anus has eight lobes. The gonads are round polycarps (Figs 7B,C; 8B) included in large translucent vesicles of the body wall. The gonoducts open in a single hole at the inner body wall surface. The number of gonads varies; in one specimen there are eight on the right and five on the left side. There are no endocarps on the body wall.</p> <p>P. carpocincta collected several times in the tropical western Pacific (Monniot F. &amp; C. 2003) seems to live in sandy bottoms between 100 to 200m depth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF87AD7BFF26FF36967AE1A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF85AD7EFF26FF3690B0E181.text	03AD87CEFF85AD7EFF26FF3690B0E181.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polycarpa triruga Monniot F. & Monniot C. 2003	<div><p>Polycarpa triruga Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C., 2003</p> <p>Figures 9–10</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: CP 5130; CP 5219; DW 5237; DW 5246. Many specimens.</p> <p>All specimens are broken, many are empty tunics. The shape looks like an egg and is the same for all samples. The tunic as a shell is hardened by thin sediment and some larger particles (Fig. 9B). The body wall is very thin and transparent and closely adherent to the tunic. The siphons are sessile and distant by half-length of the body; they have a muscular sphincter with very short longitudinal muscle fibres. No muscles or endocarps have been observed on the body wall. The oral tentacles are large in 3 orders of size planted on a strong rod. The prepharyngeal band is undulated and forms a deep dorsal V (Fig. 9C). The branchial sac (Figs 9A; 10A,B) is only linked to the body wall by thin trabeculae. The dorsal lamina is long. There are four branchial folds on each side, irregular in thickness, well separated by nine to 12 longitudinal vessels. There are one or two large stigmata in a mesh between the folds. The gut loosely attached to the body wall remained more or less linked to the branchial tissue (Figs 9A; 10A,B). The oesophagus is short and narrow, followed by a round stomach with seven to 10 longitudinal folds and a small button-like caecum. The long intestine does not form a closed loop; it ends in an undulated anus rim. Loosely attached to the body wall most of the polycarps are missing. When they remain they are placed in a long series on each side along a ventral line (Figs 9A; 10A). As many as 30 polycarps were present in one specimen; they are ovoid with short apical genital papillae, the male papilla a little behind the female.</p> <p>The SPANBIOS specimens differ from P. triruga Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C., 2003 by the absence of muscles on the body sides, the constant presence of four branchial folds instead of three on each side and a higher number of polycarps. Nevertheless the egg shape of the body, the closely adherent body wall to the tunic, the gut and absence of endocarps are similar. Some of the numerous specimens collected from Fiji have been re-examined.An important variability was observed in the thickness and extension of the branchial folds and one specimen had four well developed branchial folds on each side. Taking into account the variability commonly observed in deep sea ascidians it seems convenient to group the populations from Fiji and New Caledonia in a single species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF85AD7EFF26FF3690B0E181	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF83AD7EFF26FE7B958FE33B.text	03AD87CEFF83AD7EFF26FE7B958FE33B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer 1906)	<div><p>Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906)</p> <p>Figure 11</p> <p>Station: EXBODI: cp 3789, 10 specimens</p> <p>Present from shallow to bathyal bottoms C. irene is common in the New Caledonian area (Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003; Monniot F. 2021). With a maximum size of 3.5cm all specimens have the same mammilated tunic (Fig. 11A) and the same internal characters. The four branchial folds are widely separated (Fig.11E). The gut is located posteriorly on the left side of the body (Fig. 11D) with a plicated stomach without caecum and a lobed anus. There are two elongated gonads on each side (Fig. 11C,D). Several foliated endocarps are scattered on both sides of the body wall (Fig. 11D).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF83AD7EFF26FE7B958FE33B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF82AD7CFF26FF3697BCE235.text	03AD87CEFF82AD7CFF26FF3697BCE235.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemidocarpa pilocincta Exbodi 2022	<div><p>Cnemidocarpa pilocincta sp. nov.</p> <p>Figure 12</p> <p>Etymology: circled with hairs.</p> <p>Station: EXBODI: CP 3892, 1 specimen designed as Holotype (Type MNHN-IT-2018-78)</p> <p>The body is almost spherical, 2.6cm in diameter, coated with sediment with a belt of hair filaments, except on a well delimited naked disk of the tunic on the ventral side (Fig. 12A,B). The siphons are slightly protruding dorsally and close to each other. Curiously the aspect and size of this specimen is exactly the same as in Bathyoncus lanatus collected at the same station, they would have been confused without dissection. The body wall is thicker dorsally than ventrally with dense longitudinal muscle fibres (Fig. 12C). Both siphons have a stout sphincter. The oral tentacles are simple in three orders of size. The prepharyngeal band in a single blade is slightly curved dorsally, not in a V. The dorsal tubercle is button-shaped. The long dorsal lamina has a plain edge. There are four branchial folds on each side (Fig. 12D). The first fold near the endostyle and the third fold on the right side are thinner. On the right side the most dorsal branchial fold begins close to the dorsal lamina but parts from it ventrally (Fig. 12D). The branchial folds are low and well separated by four to seven longitudinal vessels. The stigmata are irregular, not in the common elongated shape of the Styelidae but round holes pierced in a sheet and strangled by parastigmatic vessels (Fig. 12E). This design is present in the whole branchial sac. There are two or three stigmata in a mesh between the folds. The digestive loop occupies a small posterior part of the left body side. It is loosely attached to the body wall. The stomach has numerous well marked longitudinal folds (Fig. 12C) and a small caecum. The primary intestinal loop is narrow, the rectum curves dorsally ending in a denticulate anus. There are two elongate cylindrical gonads on the right side and one on the left side (Fig. 12C) made up of a central ovary and lateral testis vesicles. The gonoducts open at the base of the atrial aperture with joined but slightly divergent male and female papillae (Fig. 12F). There are about 10 endocarps on the right body side some very small and others in large ampullae (Fig. 12C). On the left side there are four endocarps anterior to the gonad and a group of small transparent vesicles posterior to the stomach.</p> <p>Taken together, the body shape, number and disposition of the gonads, shape of stigmata in C. carpocincta do not correspond to any other Cnemidocarpa recorded from the South Pacific Ocean; they justify a new species even if with a single specimen the number of gonads cannot be ascertained as it is often variable in the genus Cnemidocarpa. The unusual aspect of the stigmata may be due to a deep habitat.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF82AD7CFF26FF3697BCE235	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF81AD63FF26FD2F958BE235.text	03AD87CEFF81AD63FF26FD2F958BE235.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyoncus lanatus Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Bathyoncus lanatus Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F., 1991</p> <p>Figures 13 – 15.</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: CP 5220; DW 5257, 11 specimens. EXBODI: CP 3892, 1 specimen.</p> <p>B. lanatus was previously colllected several times in different cruises around New Caledonia from 400 to 1100 m depth and in Fiji (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991). Some of them have been re-examined. The different specimens have variable anatomical characters even at the same station concerning the number of branchial vessels and number of gonads but the external aspect is always the same (Fig. 13A). They certainly represent a single species. The body is round, enclosed in a tunic encrusted with sand with dense rhizoids except on a ventral disc which is naked. Both siphons are placed close to each other at the upper side of the body (Fig. 13A). The body wall is thin, with a network of crossed muscles thinner on the ventral body side (Fig. 14A). The siphon sphincters are strong. The oral tentacles are long and thin. The prepharyngeal band does not curve at the level of the button-like dorsal tubercle. The branchial tissue (Fig. 13C,D) without true stigmata is made of crossed longitudinal and transverse vessels variable in number and not related to the number of gonads and their development. Most of the specimens of the SPANBIOS stations have no more than seven longitudinal vessels on each side but one specimen has up to 12 vessels on each side. On the right side three longitudinal vessels are grouped in a kind of fold (Fig. 13C,D). Occasionally on the left side one or two dorsal vessels do not reach the base of the branchial sac (Fig. 13D). The dorsal lamina is smooth. A single specimen from the EXBODI expedition may belong to the same species. It has many more longitudinal vessels with some grouped in a fold (Fig. 15B). In all specimens the gonads (Fig. 14B) are long hermaphrodite tubes ending in short, closed male and female papillae. The sperm-duct runs along the ovary. There are either two gonads on each side (Figs 14A) or one gonad on each side (Fig. 14C) or two gonads on the right and one gonad on the left (Fig. 15A). Ampular endocarps are scattered on the body wall on both sides (Fig. 14A,B,C; 15A). The digestive loop is widely open (Figs 14A,B,C; 15A)). The olive-shaped stomach has 15 to 20 longitudinal folds and a curved caecum. The anus rim is thick and undulated.</p> <p>The morphological characters of B. lanatus seem highly variable among the numerous specimens present in New Caledonia. There remains some doubt about the specific position of the specimen from the EXBODI expedition collected at the same geographic area, having a much more developed branchial tissue but with the same absence of true stigmata; all other organs match well.</p> <p>Two other species of the genus Bathyoncus are present in New Caledonia: Bathyoncus tantulus Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1991 has a body in two parts: a round head and a thick peduncle anchored by basal filaments. There are five longitudinal branchial vessels, one gonad in a polycarp-shape on each side and a large endocarp on the right side.</p> <p>Bathyoncus arafurensis Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2003 from Indonesia has a spherical naked and translucent body with a basal tuft of rhizoids. The branchial sac contains about 100 longitudinal bars on each side some of them grouped in a fold close to the dorsal lamina. A line of numerous polycarps lies ventrally on each body side along with many endocarps.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF81AD63FF26FD2F958BE235	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF9EAD60FF26FD2F9767E235.text	03AD87CEFF9EAD60FF26FD2F9767E235.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Culeolus herdmani Sluiter 1904	<div><p>Culeolus herdmani Sluiter, 1904</p> <p>Figure 16</p> <p>Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991 and synonymy. Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003. Monniot F. 2021.</p> <p>Stations: SPANBIOS: CP 5146; CP 5147; CP 5150; CP 5178; CP 5185; CP 5189; CP 5200; CP 5217; CP 5219; CP 5231; CP 5232; CP 5267; DW 5230; DW 5236. Stations EXBODI: CP 3786; CP 3805; CP 3810; CP 3824; CP 3833; CP 3836; CP 3839; DW 3785.</p> <p>Very common in the western tropical Pacific region C. herdmani was found as deep as 1700m depth (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991) but is particularly abundant between 400–500 m. The body shape is always the same. The head is naked with small scattered buttons on the tunic surface and a ring of papillae at some distance from the atrial aperture. The oral siphon is close to the curved origin of the peduncle. The atrial opening is at mid distance of the head length. The peduncle is narrow, stiff and long, with a longitudinal groove and is totally encrusted with sediment. The internal anatomy is constant even in small specimens. There are four branchial folds on each side and a long open gut loop (Fig. 16A) ending in a multilobed anus. There are two gonads on each side with a characteristic disposition (Fig. 16A,B) and one endocarp on each body side. The musculature covers the whole body (Fig. 16C,D) with large fibres particularly dense around the siphon apertures.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF9EAD60FF26FD2F9767E235	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF9DAD60FF26FD2F9198E4D5.text	03AD87CEFF9DAD60FF26FD2F9198E4D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herdmania pennata (Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991)	<div><p>Herdmania pennata (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991)</p> <p>Figure 17</p> <p>Pyura pennata Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991</p> <p>Herdmania pennata (Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003)</p> <p>Station: SPANBIOS: CP 5156, 1 specimen.</p> <p>The body (Fig. 17A), 14mm in diameter, is soft with a naked tunic with short spicules. The body wall and all internal organs contain verticill spindle-like spicules characteristic of the genus. There are three sizes of ramified oral tentacles. In addition to the siphon sphincters the body wall musculature consists of a few longitudinal ribbons issued from the oral and atrial siphons but which do not reach the ventral body side. Their design is the same as previously figured (Monniot C. &amp; F. 1991 Fig. 28A). The branchial sac (Fig. 17B) has high folds, nine on the right side and eight plus one incomplete fold on the left side. The digestive loop is open; the hepatic gland has round papillae. There is a long gonad on each side (Fig. 17B). The testis vesicles surround the tubular ovary. The long sperm duct running along the ovary has a distal opening as well as additional lateral openings on erect papillae (Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991 Fig. 28B). The oviduct opens in a wide terminal corolla. There are no endocarps. The anatomy of this single specimen corresponds to re-examined older samples of this species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF9DAD60FF26FD2F9198E4D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF9CAD66FF26FF369785E2F9.text	03AD87CEFF9CAD66FF26FF369785E2F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molgula delicata Monniot C. & Monniot F. 1991	<div><p>Molgula delicata Monniot C. &amp; Monniot F. 1991</p> <p>Figure 18</p> <p>Station: SPANBIOS: DW 5176, 3 specimens.</p> <p>The specimens, 4 to 5 cm in diameter, have a thin tunic heavily coated with sand and wearing thin and dense filaments resulting into a brittle shell. The ascidians were damaged during their collection. The siphon apertures are inconspicuous and close to each other (Fig. 18B,C). The body wall is thin and transparent (Fig. 18A,B). Longitudinal muscle ribbons starting from the apertures are short. They cross thinner circular fibres around the siphons (Fig. 18A). Between the siphons, in the middle of the dorsal side of the body wall, an additional long transverse muscle fibre extends to both sides (Fig. 18B,C). This peculiar muscle design was figured in Monniot C. &amp; F. (1991, Fig. 34B). The oral tentacles are ramified but short. The prepharyngeal band is curved in a deep V (Fig. 18C). The branchial tissue is thin with six folds on each side with very deep infundibula. Some extra infundibula can be seen between the folds. The gut forms a long loop (Fig. 18A). The stomach has six longitudinal folds. The anus rim is smooth. There is one long sinuous gonad on each side (Fig. 18A); the ovary is tubular with testis vesicles on each side. The ducts issuing from the testis vesicles join at the surface of the ovary to form a single canal erect with several papillae along its length (as figured in Monniot C. &amp; F. 1991 Fig. 34C). The oval kidney lies at some distance posteriorly from the right gonad (Fig. 18A).</p> <p>Molgula delicata collected several times from New Caledonia between 500 and 800m depth (Monniot F. &amp; Monniot C. 2003) is also present in New Zealand down to 1000m depth (Sanamyan &amp; Sanamyan, 1999) but has not been recorded elsewhere.</p> <p>A copepod and an amphipod have been found inside the body.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF9CAD66FF26FF369785E2F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
03AD87CEFF9BAD66FF26FCE396CFE691.text	03AD87CEFF9BAD66FF26FCE396CFE691.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oligotrema psammites Bourne 1903	<div><p>Oligotrema psammites Bourne, 1903</p> <p>Figure 19</p> <p>Station: SPANBIOS: DW 5257, 2 specimens.</p> <p>The body is oval covered with thin tunic filaments and coated with sediment. The oral aperture is lined by six pinnate equal lobes (Fig. 19A). The atrial siphon protrudes slightly at the opposite end of the body (Fig. 19A). Extracted from the tunic the body wall appears translucent. The oral musculature has a strong sphincter and short longitudinal fibres. Six short strong longitudinal muscles run on the ventral side of the body “neck”. Transverse muscular fibres are regularly spaced around the whole body (Fig. 19 B,C). The anal siphon has no sphincter. The oral aperture has a ring of flat tentacles. The neural ganglion is anteriorly prolonged by six stout nerves (Fig. 19E) and posteriorly extends along the whole dorsal line. The neural gland is situated at the right side of the neural ganglion. The anterior part of the pharynx is enlarged in a funnel with multiple perforations on each side (Fig. 19D,E). Posteriorly the oesophagus is long and enters into a large stomach pouch. The intestine forms a loop applied to the left side of the stomach. A network of pyloric tubules encloses the intestine. A large kidney containing a concretion occupies the right side of the atrial cavity (Fig. 19C). A thin-walled endocarp can be seen ventrally on each body side. There is one gonad on each side (Fig. 19B,C). The testis consists of a group of ramified lobes applied to the left and right sides of the stomach and has a short sperm duct. The ovaries are long curved tubes ending near the atrial aperture (Fig. 19B,C).</p> <p>Remarks. Kott (1989) synonymised Sorbera unigonas Monniot &amp; Monniot, 1984, Oligotrema psammites Bourne, 1903 and Oligotrema psammathodes (Sluiter, 1905) considering that no major differences occur in samples collected in wide geographical areas. The genus Oligotrema having priority the name Oligotrema psammites was employed by Monniot &amp; Monniot (2003) for specimens from New Caledonia, Philippines and Solomon Islands and is used here for the Spanbios samples. Detailed descriptions of this species under the name Sorbera unigonas can be found in Monniot &amp; Monniot (1984 and 1990).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87CEFF9BAD66FF26FCE396CFE691	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot	Exbodi, Françoise Monniot (2022): Additional records of bathyal ascidians (Tunicata) from the New Caledonia region. Zootaxa 5195 (3): 201-223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.1
