identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03ED8788FFD06139F012DB7B41E8FF0E.text	03ED8788FFD06139F012DB7B41E8FF0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus Ausserer 1871	<div><p>GENUS ISCHNOCOLUS AUSSERER, 1871</p> <p>Type species: Ischnocolus holosericeus Koch, in Ausserer (1871) by original designation, syn. of Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820).</p> <p>Diagnosis: See Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014) for a recent diagnosis of the genus.</p> <p>Species included: Ischnocolus elongatus (Simon, 1873); Ischnocolus ignoratus Guadanucci &amp; Wendt, 2014; Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch, 1875; Ischnocolus mogadorensis Simon, 1909; Ischnocolus rubropilosus Keyserling, 1891 (note: taxonomic allocation of I. rubropilosus in Ischnocolus is dubious because it lies far outside the zoogeographical range of the genus); Ischnocolus tomentosus Thorell, 1899 (probably belongs to Myostola Simon, 1903, according to Guadanucci &amp; Wendt, 2014, who considered it as incertae sedis); Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour, 1820) (type species).</p> <p>860 J. KORBA ET AL.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFD06139F012DB7B41E8FF0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
03ED8788FFD16139F3C4D8FF439FFB4B.text	03ED8788FFD16139F3C4D8FF439FFB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus Ausserer 1871	<div><p>ISCHNOCOLUS VANANDALAE MONTEMOR ET AL., 2020</p> <p>Type material: Holotype: Male, Oman, Dhofar, Salalah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.352776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.103334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.352776/lat 17.103334)">Wadi Darbat</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=54.352776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.103334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 54.352776/lat 17.103334)">Tawi Atayr</a>, 17°06´12 ʺ N, 54°21´10 ʺ E, x.2000, S.Huberleg. (SMNS-Aran-003439). Notexamined.</p> <p>Material examined: 1♂ (SMNS-Aran-002581), Ad Dakhiliyah Governorate, Muhafazat ad Dakhiliyah, Dar Sawda’, flank of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.19361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.238611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.19361/lat 23.238611)">Jebel Shams</a>, 23°14´19 ʺ N, 57°11´37 ʺ E, 03.ix.2016. 1♂ (SMNS-Aran-002587), Al Wusta Governorate, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=57.39389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.974722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 57.39389/lat 18.974722)">Ras Madrakah</a>, near coast, 18º58 ′ 29 ″ N, 57º23 ′ 38 ″ E), 05.ix.2016.</p> <p>Diagnosis, description and distribution: See Montemor et al. (2020).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFD16139F3C4D8FF439FFB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
03ED8788FFD16139F392DA734167F9AF.text	03ED8788FFD16139F392DA734167F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch 1875	<div><p>ISCHNOCOLUS JICKELII L. KOCH, 1875</p> <p>Ischnocolus jickelii L. Koch, 1875: 58, pl. 6, fig. 2 (♀). Guadanucci &amp; Wendt [2014: 395, fig. 4B (♀)]. Zonstein [2018: 110, fig. 914: 3 (♂)]. Chaetopelma adenense Simon [1890: 83 (♀)]. Synonymized with I. jickelii by Guadanucci &amp; Gallon (2008: 42).</p> <p>Type material: Holotype, female Eritrea: Hamasien (BMNH 19-9-18-5698-99), Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014), not examined.</p> <p>Material examined: Somaliland: 2♂♂ 5♀♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.30361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.760555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.30361/lat 10.760555)">Daallo forest</a> park; 10°45 ′ 38 ″ N, 47°18 ′ 13 ″ E; 4.ix.17 (P. Just, D. Král, P. Frýdlová, D. Frynta, F. Kova ř ík, T. Mazuch &amp; M. Häckel leg.).</p> <p>Diagnosis description and distribution: See Montemor et al. (2020).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFD16139F392DA734167F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
03ED8788FFD16123F007DB5640A4F98F.text	03ED8788FFD16123F007DB5640A4F98F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus mogadorensis Simon 1909	<div><p>ISCHNOCOLUS MOGADORENSIS SIMON, 1909,</p> <p>SP. REVAL.</p> <p>(FIGS 5C, 7, 8, 9B, 10B, 13B, 14A–N, 15A–G, 16A–D, 17A–F)</p> <p>Ischnocolus mogadorensis Simon (1909, description of female, p. 10).</p> <p>Ischnocolus valentinus: Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014: 391, as senior synonymy of I. mogadorensis).</p> <p>Type material: Female holotype. Morocco: Mogador (Essaouira), Martínez de la Escalera leg., presumably deposited in MNHN in Paris, lost (Guadanucci &amp; Wendt, 2014). Not examined.</p> <p>Material examined: Morocco: 1♂, 2♀♀ (CRBA004988, CRBA004989, CRBA004990), province of Agadir, Ankrime, 30°37 ′ 25 ″ N, 9°34 ′ 50 ″ W, 26.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 1♂, 3 juv. (CRBA004981, CRBA004982, CRBA004983, CRBA004984), province of Tiznit, Bou Tazlaft, 29°37 ′ 40 ″ N, 9°52 ′ 52 ″ W, 24.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.), 1 juv. (CRBAMM000346), province of Agadir, Imoza, 30°38 ′ 34 ″ N, 9°42 ′ 20 ″ W, 7.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000342), province of Essaouira, Tamanat, 31°00 ′ 21 ″ N, 9°35 ′ 49 ″, 7.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAMM000348), province of Taroudant, Cova Maravilles, 30°10 ′ 40 ″ N, 8°17 ′ 38 ″ W, 8.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀, 1 juv. (CRBAMM000370, CRBAMM000366), province Al Haouz, Asni, 31°11 ′ 22 ″ N, 8°03 ′ 27 ″ W, 9.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 2 juv. (CRBAMM000358, CRBAMM000359), province of Taroudant, Tafingoult, 30°44 ′ 31 ″ N, 8°24 ′ 06 ″ W, 9.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M.Arnedo leg.). 1 ♀ (CRBA005025), province of Taroudant, Tizi n ′ Test 30°49 ′ 40 ″ N, 8°23 ′ 57 ″ W, 24.ii.2010 (A. Calatayud-Mascarell &amp; A. Sánchez-Vialas leg.). 1 juv. (CRBA005026), province of Agadir, Assaka, 30°50 ′ 18 ″ N, 9°45 ′ 53 ″ W, 28.xii.2018 (A. Sánchez-Vialas leg.). 1♂, 1 juv, (CRBA005030, CRBA005031), province of Guelmim, Playa Blanca, 28°57 ′ 39 ″ N, 10°33 ′ 03 ″ W, 23.iv.2019 (A. Sánchez-Vialas leg.). 1 juv. (CRBA005037), province of Taroudant, Alto Atlas, 30°53 ′ 59 ″ N, 8°19 ′ 35 ″ W, 24.ii.2020 (A. Calatayud-Mascarell &amp; A. SánchezVialas leg.), 1♂ (SMNS-Aran-3824), province of Azilal, Demnate, 31°45 ′ 03 ″ N, 7°05 ′ 33 ″ W.</p> <p>Justification for the revalidation of the species: Integration of evidence provided in this work has revealed that the ‘south’ lineage of the valentinus morphotype clade represents a different species from the ‘north’ lineage, which corresponds to the nominal I. valentinus. Simon (1909) described the female of I. mogadorensis from the surroundings of Essaouira (Mogador), but the type material could not be examined because it is presumably lost (Guadanucci &amp; Wendt, 2014). The original description lacks any diagnostic traits other than a ‘pinkish-brown coloration’ (Simon, 1909: 10). The type locality is Mogador (today Essaouira) but can refer broadly to the surroundings of the city. We lacked samples from the direct vicinity of Essaouira, but our nearest locality, Tamanat, is just 60 km south. Additionally, the SDM of I. valentinus ‘south’ lineage predicted its distribution well into coastal plains up to Essaouira (see Fig. 13B). Therefore, we propose restoring the name I. mogadorensis and revalidating the species.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Males can be distinguished from their congeners by the presence of two short, strong spines apically on the ventral part of tibia I and a moderate number of remaining spines distributed equally across tibia I (Figs 8, 14B–D). They further differ from I. valentinus by their smaller size (N = 3) and markedly S-shaped embolus (Figs 7, 14F–J, L, M).</p> <p>Females differ from all other Ischnocolus species, except I. jickelii, by the spermatheca shape, which is longer than wide, narrowing apically and having three cross-like shaped apical lobes (Figs 5, 15F).</p> <p>Description: Male (CRBA004987, Ankrime): total length 12.93. Colour pattern: Colour in ethanol:</p> <p>legs and carapace light yellow-brown. Carapace with silver hairs (Fig. 14A). Abdomen darker brown with dorsal light, striped pattern. Colour of live specimen (Fig. 16): variable, depending on the life stage. Legs and carapace golden brown, chelicerae golden grey, abdomen dark with lighter striped pattern (Fig 14B, C). After moulting, specimens can be dark. Carapace: 5.32 long, 4.46 wide; cephalic region almost flat from lateral view; eye tubercle low 0.49 long, 0.85 wide;</p> <p>fovea with shallow depression, slightly recurved (Fig. 14A). Clypeus 0.15 wide. Eyes (Fig. 14E): AME 0.15, PME 0.16, ALE 0.27, PLE 0.17; PME-PME 0.46, ALE-AME 0.23, ALE-PLE 0.26, AME-PLE 0.34, AMEAME 0.27, ALE-ALE 0.67. Sternum, labium and maxillae: sternum 2.4 long, 2.02 wide, setose, with three inconspicuous sigilla on each margin opposite to coxa I, II and III. Labium twice as wide as long, 0.37 long, 0.86 wide, with two cuspules. Maxillae with approx. 40 cuspules (Fig. 14K). Abdomen: 6.30 long, 3.23 wide; long setae scattered across the dorsal part of abdomen with a group of long black setae in the anterior part. PLS basal segment 0.87 long, median segment 0.67 long, apical segment digitiform 0.75 long. Chelicerae: 2.31 long, basal article with nine teeth intercheliceral tumescence present, few long bristles along the margin. Pedipalps: length: 7.76 (femur 2.71, patella 1.80, tibia 2.12, tarsus 1.13). Furrow on ventral tibia short, slightly sigmoid. Spination: femur (p)1ap. Copulatory bulb: small bulb with remarkably S-shaped embolus with flattened tip (Figs 7, 14). Legs: scopula on all tarsi divided by a thick band of setae. Scopula on ventral metatarsus I nearly totally occupied, II half occupied, III and IV &lt;half occupied. Leg measurement: length of legs IV&gt; I&gt; II&gt; III; leg I: 15.98 (femur 4.72, patella 2.14, tibia 3.64, metatarsus 3.18, tarsus 2.23), leg II: 15.12 (femur 4.13, patella 2.09, tibia 3.61, metatarsus 3.16, tarsus 2.13), leg III: 14.30 (femur 3.78, patella 1.83, tibia 3.51, metatarsus 3.12, tarsus 2.04), leg IV: 19.15 (femur 4.93, patella 2.04, tibia 4.50, metatarsus 4.90, tarsus 2.76). Spines: I femur (p)1, tibia (p)2-2, (v)3-1- 1-ap2, tarsus(v)1-1. II femur (r)1, tibia (r)1-1-1, (v)1-1- 1-2, metatarsus(r)1-0-0, (p)1-0-0, (v)1-1; III femur (r)1, tibia (r)1-1,(v)1-1-1-3, metatarsus (r)1-0-1, (v)1-1; IV femur (r)1, (p)1, patella (p)2, tibia (r)1-2-1-1, (p)1-1-1, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)1-1-2-1-1-1, (p)1-1-1-1-1, (v)1- 1-2; tarsus IV pseudosegmented.</p> <p>Female (CRBA004989, Ankrime): Total length 15.86. Colour pattern: Colour in ethanol: carapace, chelicerae and legs light orange, abdomen greybrown with light striped pattern (Fig. 15A, E). Colour of live specimen: body uniformly dark-brown-pinkish. Abdomen with light, striped pattern (Fig. 15A–C). Carapace: 5.51 long, 4.34 wide; cephalic region almost flat from lateral view (Fig. 15E); eye tubercle low, 0.50 long, 0.87 wide. Fovea with shallow depression slightly recurved (Fig. 15A). Clypeus 0.22. Eyes (Fig. 15C): AME 0.14, PME 0.13, ALE 0.26, PLE 0.19; PME-PME 0.50, ALE-AME 0.23, ALE-PLE 0.29, AME-PLE 0.35, AME-AME 0.28, ALE-ALE 0.68. Sternum, labium and maxillae: sternum 2.69 long, 2.18 wide; labium twice as wide as long, 0.45 long, 0.97 wide, with four cuspules; maxillae with approx. 40 cuspules (Fig. 15B). Abdomen: 8.35 long, 4.14 wide; PLS basal segment 0.82 long, median segment 0.51 long, apical segment 0.75 long, digitiform (Fig. 15G). Vulva: spermathecae longer than wide, each with three apical lobes in a cross-like disposition (Fig. 15F). Chelicerae: 2.93 long; basal article with 10 teeth; few long bristles on the margin (Fig. 15D). Pedipalps: length: 9.06 (femur 3.05, patella 1.89, tibia 2.20, tarsus 1.92). Spination: without spines. Legs: Scopula on all tarsi divided by a thick band of setae. Scopula on ventral metatarsus I and II entirely occupied, III three-quarter occupied, IV half occupied. Leg measurement: length of legs IV&gt; I&gt; II&gt; II. Leg IV: 17.93 (femur 4.63, patella 2.54, tibia 4.09, metatarsus 4.28, tarsus 2.39); leg III: 12.45 (femur 3.28, patella 1.92, tibia 2.50, metatarsus 2.89, tarsus 1.86), leg II: 12.65 (femur 3.62, patella 2.20, tibia 2.64, metatarsus 2.40, tarsus 1.79); leg I: 14.24 (femur 4.12, patella 2.69, tibia 3.16, metatarsus 2.58, tarsus 1.69). Spines: I femur (p)0-0-1, tibia (p)0-1-1, (v)1-1- 2, (p)1-2-1, (v)1-2-2; II femur (p)0-0-1, tibia (p)1-1-1, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (v)1-1; III femur (d)0-0-1r., tibia (r)1-1, (p)2-2-1, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)2-2, (p)2-2-2, (v)1-1-1, patella (p)2; IV femur (r)0-0-1, (p)0-0-1, tibia (r)1-2-2-1, (p)1-2-1-2, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)1-1-1- 1-1-1-1, (p)3-2-2-2, (v)1-1-1, patella (p)2; tarsus IV pseudosegmented.</p> <p>Distribution: The species is endemic to southern Morocco and northern Western Sahara. Actual distribution includes western High Atlas (either the southern and northern slopes east to Demnate) and Anti-Atlas Mountain ranges (up to 2000 m a.s.l.), the coastal region south from Essaouira and the coastal part of southern Morocco down to Western Sahara (Fig. 13B)</p> <p>Natural history: The lifestyle is similar to that of I. valentinus and could be described as opportunistic. Some specimens were found to excavate shallow chambers under rocks covered with loose, sheet web, whereas others were found in deeper holes under rocks, or they inhabited the cavities between rocks and stones (Fig. 17E, F). Habitat preferences range from coastal forests of Barbary thuja, Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast., habitats with dwarf fan palm (Chamaerops humilis L.) (Fig. 17A), coastal Euphorbia L. communities (Fig. 17D), High Atlas Juniperus L. communities (Fig. 17C) to semi-desert habitats. The distribution model for this species overlaps with the extension of the Mediterranean Acacia – Argania Dry Woodland and Succulent Thicket ecoregion (PA1212), defined by the WWF (2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFD16123F007DB5640A4F98F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
03ED8788FFCB612FF3B0D825435DFD1C.text	03ED8788FFCB612FF3B0D825435DFD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus valentinus (Dufour 1820)	<div><p>ISCHNOCOLUS VALENTINUS (DUFOUR, 1820)</p> <p>(FIGS 5A–B, 7, 8, 9A, 10A, 13A, 18A–N, 19A–G, 20A–F)</p> <p>Mygale valentina Dufour (1820: 101; description of male).</p> <p>Mygale valenciana: Walckenaer (1837: 228).</p> <p>Trechona valentina: Thorell (1870: 168).</p> <p>Ischnocolus holosericus L.Koch, in Ausserer (1871: 186; description of juvenile); Simon (1892: 136, fig. 119); Bacelar (1932: 171); Smith (1990: 129, figs 819–829; description of female).</p> <p>Ischnocolus triangulifer Ausserer (1871: 186; description of juvenile); Bacelar (1932: 171).</p> <p>Avicularia andalusiaca Simon (1873: 197, pl. 1, fig. 2; description of male and female); Bacelar (1932: 171, figs. 3–5).</p> <p>Ischnocolus algericus Thorell (1875: 123, description of male). Simon (1903: 925, figs. 1070–1071, m).</p> <p>Ischnocolus fuscostriatus Simon (1885: 41; description of male).</p> <p>Leptopelma cavicola Simon (1889: 396; description of male and female, burrow structure; 1909: 8); Reimoser (1919: 7); Roewer (1942: 222); Bonnet (1957: 2395); Benoit (1964: 414, figs 1, 2; male and female).</p> <p>Ischnocolus maroccanus Simon (1873: 199; description of male and female).</p> <p>Ischnocolus numidus Simon (1909: 9; description of male).</p> <p>Ischnocolus tripolitanus Caporiacco (1937: 57; description of female).</p> <p>Ischnocolus valentinus: Ausserer (1871: 186); Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014: 391; description of male and female); Zonstein (2018: 114; description of male) (synonymy of Nemesia cavicola); Montemor et al. (2020: 89, fig. 9C, D); Tamajón Gómez et al. (2020: 165).</p> <p>Type material: Type locality Moixent, Valencian Community, Spain. Female neotype deposited at BMNH, examined.</p> <p>Material examined: Spain: 1♂, 1♀ (CRBAMM000941, CRBAMM000930), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.3719444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.447224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.3719444/lat 36.447224)">Cádiz</a>, El Bosque, 36°26 ′ 50 ″ N, 5°22 ′ 19 ″ W, 27.iii.2010 (M. A. Ferrández leg.). 3♀♀ (CRBAMM000965, CRBAMM000966, CRBAMM000967), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.2927775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.45778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.2927775/lat 36.45778)">Cádiz</a>, Grazalema, 36°27 ′ 28 ″ N, 5°17 ′ 34 ″ W, 28.iii.2010 (M. A. Ferrández leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000948), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.253889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.56611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.253889/lat 36.56611)">Sevilla</a>, Castaño, 36°33 ′ 58 ″ N, 5°15 ′ 14 ″ W, 27.iii.2010 (M. A. Ferrández leg.). 1♂, 1♀ (CRBAMM 0 0 0 9 8 0, CRBAMM000986), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.2927775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.588886" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.2927775/lat 36.588886)">Sevila</a>, Coripe, 36°35 ′ 20 ″ N, 5°17 ′ 34 ″ W, 27.iii.2010 (M. A. Ferrández leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000141), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.27222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.04/lat 37.27222)">Almería</a>, La Rambla del Aljibe, 37°16 ′ 20 ″ N, 2°02 ′ 24 ″ W, 21.XI.2009 (E. Planas &amp; V. Opatova leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAME000858), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.518333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.961945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.518333/lat 36.961945)">Málaga</a>, Torcal de Antequera, 36°57 ′ 43 ″ N, 4°31 ′ 06 ″ W, 12.VI.2011 (E. Mora, V. Opatova &amp; P. Sousa leg.). Morocco: 2♀♀, 5 juv. (CRBAMM000386, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 8 7, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 8 8 C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 8 9, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 9 0 CRBAMM000391, CRBAMM000392), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.7680554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.959723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.7680554/lat 31.959723)">Azilal</a>, near Ouzoud falls, 31°57 ′ 35 ″ N, 6°46 ′ 05 ″ W, 10.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 2♀♀, 1♂, 3 juv. (CRBAMM000393, CRBAMM000395, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 9 6, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 9 8 CRBAMM000399, CRBAMM 000400), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.3333335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.084442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.3333335/lat 32.084442)">Azilal</a>, Tilouguite, 32°05 ′ 04 ″ N, 6 °20 ′ 00 ″ W,</p> <p>10.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAMM000450), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.9694443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.106388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.9694443/lat 34.106388)">Fés</a>, Djebel Zalach, 34°06 ′ 23 ″ N, 4°58 ′ 10 ″ W, 12.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M.Arnedo leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAMM000485), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.0866666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.824444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.0866666/lat 34.824444)">Oujda</a>, Ain Sfa, 34°49 ′ 28 ″ N, 2°05 ′ 12 ″ W, 14.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 3 juv. (CRBAMM000564, CRBAMM000565, CRBAMM000566), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.522222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.38556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.522222/lat 35.38556)">Tetuán</a>, Beni Yder Cherki, 35°23 ′ 08 ″ N, 5°31 ′ 20 ″ W, 17.IV.2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 2 juv. (CRBAMM000493, CRBAMM000583), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.3966665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.3966665/lat 34.803333)">Berkane</a>, Beni Snassen, 34°48 ′ 12 ″ N, 2°23 ′ 48 ″ W, 1 4.IV.2 0 1 0 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM 000366), province of Al Haouz, Asni, 31°11 ′ 22 ″ N, 8°03 ′ 27 ″ W, 9.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♂ (SMNS-Aran-1376), province of Murcia, Mula, 38°03 ′ 41 ″ N, 1°31 ′ 05 ″ W, 2005. 1♂ (CRBA) province of Berkane, Taforalt, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.402778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.814445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.402778/lat 34.814445)">Grotte des Pigeons</a>, 34°48 ′ 52 ″ N, 2°24 ′ 10 ″ W, 15.iv.2002 (M. Arnedo &amp; C. Hernando leg.).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Males can be distinguished from their congeners, except I. jickeli, by bearing only one spine apically along with dense concentration of spines on pro-ventral tibia I (Figs 8, 18B–D). They further differ from all other Ischnocolus species by having straight embolus with narrowing tip (Figs 7, 18J–M). Females differ from their congeners by having spermathecae as wide as long with several (&gt; four) apical lobes (Figs 5A, B, 19F).</p> <p>Description: A detailed redescription is provided by Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014) with male and female reproductive organ drawings and male spine pattern on tibia I. Additional photos and drawings of male bulbus are shown by Zonstein (2018), Tamajón Gómez et al. (2020) and Decae (in: Nentwig et al., 2020).</p> <p>Distribution: Following our circumscription of I. valentinus to the ‘north’ lineage, the distribution of the species is more restricted than previously thought, as it only includes the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco (Fig. 13A). The northernmost current localities are near Benidorm, in Alacant, Spain and the southernmost ones are located on the northern slopes of the High Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Previous studies have suggested the species occurrence extending as far east as Sicily, Tunisia and Libya (Guadanucci &amp; Wendt, 2014). Although the only Sicilian sample included in our phylogeny was recovered within the ‘north’ lineage (i.e. I. valentinus), detailed morphological and molecular analyses of a more thorough specimen sampling in Algeria, Tunisia and Sicily will be required to confirm the status of the easternmost populations.</p> <p>Natural history: Similar to I. mogadorensis, I. valentinus is an opportunistic species inhabiting natural cavities under and between rocks and tree roots. It usually covers the entrance with a dense, sheet web, sometimes resembling that of a funnelweb spider Macrothele calpeiana Walckenaer, 1805 or some Agelenidae. The burrow entrance can also sometimes resemble that made by I. elongatus, but the web of I. valentinus is less dense and more sheetlike (Fig. 20E, F). The burrow of I. valentinus never forms a proper tube, but continues as an irregular hole connecting one or several natural underground cavities. Habitat preferences range from Mediterranean open grasslands to dense Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) or Barbary thuja (Tetraclinis articulata) forests.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFCB612FF3B0D825435DFD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
03ED8788FFC7612BF386DCB94189F8FF.text	03ED8788FFC7612BF386DCB94189F8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnocolus elongatus (Simon 1873)	<div><p>ISCHNOCOLUS ELONGATUS (SIMON, 1873)</p> <p>(FIGS 6 A-L, 7, 8, 9C, D, 10C–F, 13C–F, 21A–N, 22A– G, 23A–F, 24A–H)</p> <p>Cyrtauchenius elongatus Simon, 1873: 32 (description of female). Moggridge (1874: 182, 189, 248, pl. XIII, fig. B; burrow entrance); Savory (1928: 290). Presumably deposited in MNHN, not found by Zonstein (2018), not examined. Topotypes (Ksar el Kebir) were included in this study.</p> <p>Leptopelma africana Ausserer, 1875: 167 (description of female). Synonymized with Cyrtauchenius elongatus Simon, 1873 by Simon (1889: 396).</p> <p>Leptopelma elongata Simon 1889: 395, pl. XIII, fig. 2 (female, burrow entrance), Simon (1909: 9); Reimoser (1919: 7); Berland (1932: 110, fig. 219; burrow entrance).</p> <p>Luphocemus insidiosus Denis, 1960: 186–189 (description of female), illustration of burrow (fig. 2, p.187). Deposition place unknown. Type not examined. Topotypes (Benslimane) were included in this study. New synonymy.</p> <p>Harpactirella insidiosa Benoit, 1965: 297; CalatayudMascarell &amp; Sánchez-Vialas (2020: figs 2–4, adult female and burrow).</p> <p>Ischnocolus hancocki Smith, 1990: 127, figs 803–818 (female); Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014: 394, fig. 4A; female); Zonstein (2018: 107, figs1–8; male). Deposited in BMNH, type not examined. Topotypes (Larache) were morphologically examined. New synonymy.</p> <p>Ischnocolus elongatus: Zonstein (2018: 106).</p> <p>Type material: Type locality Ksar el Kebir (Morocco), female holotype presumably in MNHN, not found by Zonstein (2018), not examined. Topotypes were included in this study.</p> <p>Material examined: Morocco: 9♀♀ (CRBAMM000430, CRBAMM000432,CRBAMM000424,CRBAMM000425,</p> <p>CRBAMM000426,CRBAMM000427,CRBAMM000428, CRBAMM000429, CRBAMM000431), province of Fés, Imouzer, 33°38 ′ 39 ″ N, 5°04 ′ 09 ″ W, 12.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M, Arnedo leg.). 1♀, 2 juv. (CRBAMM000351, CRBAMM000350), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.293889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.177776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.293889/lat 30.177776)">Taroudant</a>, Cova Maravilles, 30°10 ′ 40 ″ N, 8°17 ′ 38 ″ W, 8.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M.Arnedo leg.). 3♀♀, 3 juv. (CRBAMM000372, CRBAMM000363,CRBAMM000371,CRBAMM000364, CRBAMM000365, CRBAMM000367), province <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.0575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.189444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.0575/lat 31.189444)">Al Haouz</a>, Asni, 31°11 ′ 22 ″ N, 8°03 ′ 27 ″ W, 9.iv. 2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000534), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.931111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.631943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.931111/lat 34.631943)">Taounate</a>, Rhafsai, 34°37 ′ 55 ″ N, 4°55 ′ 52 ″ W, 16.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 1♂, 1 juv. (CRBAMM000397, CRBAMM000403), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.3333335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.084442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.3333335/lat 32.084442)">Azilal</a>, Tilouguite, 32°05 ′ 04 ″ N, 6°20 ′ 00 ″ W, 10.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 3♀♀, 4 juv. (CRBAMM 000411, CRBAMM 000406, CRBAMM000407,CRBAMM000408,CRBAMM000410, CRBAMM000412, CRBAMM000413), province of Béni- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.931111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.521946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.931111/lat 32.521946)">Mellal</a>, Ab el Hamam, 32°31 ′ 19 ″ N, 4°55 ′ 52 ″ W, 11.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 3♀♀ (CRBAMM000468, CRBAMM000467, CRBAMM000470), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.033889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.52222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.033889/lat 32.52222)">Taza</a>, Sidi Abdulah, 32°31 ′ 20 ″ N, 6°02 ′ 02 ″ W, 13.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M.Arnedo leg.). 1♀, 1 juv. (CRBAMM000483, CRBAMM000484), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.0866666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.824444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.0866666/lat 34.824444)">Oujda</a>, Ain Sfa, 34°49 ′ 28 ″ N, 2°05 ′ 12 ″ W, 14.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 4♀♀, 4 juv. (CRBAMM000501, CRBAMM000502,CRBAMM000503,CRBAMM000504, CRBAMM000506,CRBAMM000507,CRBAMM000508, CRBAMM000509), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.178889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.00528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.178889/lat 35.00528)">Al Hoceima</a>, Bni Hadifa, 35°00 ′ 19 ″ N, 4°10 ′ 44 ″ W, 15.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀, 2 juv. (CRBA004970, CRBA004971, CRBA004972), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.273889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.274721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.273889/lat 30.274721)">Taroudant</a>, Imgoune, 30°16 ′ 29 ″ N, 8°16 ′ 26 ″ W, 22.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 2♀♀, 3 juv. (CRBA004973, CRBA004974, CRBA004975, CRBA004976, CRBA004977), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.031667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.681665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.031667/lat 29.681665)">Tiznit</a>, Tafraout, 29°40 ′ 54 ″ N, 9°01 ′ 54 ″ W, 23.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 2 juv. (CRBA004985, CRBA004986), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.0875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.197777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.0875/lat 29.197777)">Guelmim</a>, Mesti, 29°11 ′ 52 ″ N, 10°05 ′ 15 ″ W, 25.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 5♀♀, 2 juv. (CRBA004992, CRBA004993, CRBA 004994, CRBA 004995, CRBA 004996, CRBA004997, CRBA004998), province of Essaouira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.627222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.525555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.627222/lat 31.525555)">Ounagha</a>, 31°31 ′ 32 ″ N, 9°37 ′ 38 ″ W, 28.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 2♀♀ (CRBAMM000446, CRBAMM000447), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.3033338&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.059166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.3033338/lat 34.059166)">Fés</a>, Pantano, 34°03 ′ 33 ″ N, 5°18 ′ 12 ″ W, 12.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 2 juv. (CRBAMM000352, CRBAMM000353), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.025278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.59/lat 30.025278)">Taroudant</a>, Azoura, 30°01 ′ 31 ″ N, 8°35 ′ 24 ″ W, 8.iv.2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 4 juv. (CRBAMM000373, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 7 4, C R B A M M 0 0 0 3 7 5 CRBAMM000376), province of Azilal, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.7680554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.959723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.7680554/lat 31.959723)">Ouzoud falls</a>, 31°57 ′ 35 ″ N, 6°46 ′ 05 ″ W, 10.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000419), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.509444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.92806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.509444/lat 32.92806)">Khénifra</a>, Oumer Riba, 32°55 ′ 41 ″ N, 5°30 ′ 34 ″ W, 11.iv. 2010 (V. Opatova, M. Arnedo leg.). 2♀♀ (CRBAMM000448, CRBAMM000449), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.9694443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.106388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.9694443/lat 34.106388)">Fés</a>, Djebel Zalach, 34°06 ′ 23 ″ N, 4°58 ′ 10 ″ W, 12.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M.Arnedo leg.). 3♀♀, 1 juv. (CRBAMM000488, C R B A M M 0 0 0 4 8 9, C R B A M M 0 0 0 4 9 0 CRBAMM000491), province of Berkane, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.3966665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.3966665/lat 34.803333)">Beni Snassen</a>, 34°48 ′ 12 ″ N, 2°23 ′ 48 ″ W, 14.IV.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBA004980), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.881111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.627777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.881111/lat 29.627777)">Bou Tazlaft</a>, 29°37 ′ 40 ″ N, 9°52 ′ 52 ″ W, 24.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 1♀ (CRBA004991), province of Essaouira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.717777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.717777/lat 30.9)">Ida Ou Guelloul</a>, 30°54 ′ 00 ″ N, 9°43 ′ 04 ″ W, 27.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 2♀♀ (CRBA004978, CRBA004979), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.3975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.575556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.3975/lat 29.575556)">Tiznit</a>, Tighmi, 29°34 ′ 32 ″ N, 9°23 ′ 51 ″ W, 24.ii.2020 (J. Korba leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAMM000357), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.401667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.742222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.401667/lat 30.742222)">Taroudant</a>, Tafingoul, 30°44 ′ 32 ″ N, 8°24 ′ 06 ″ W, 9.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1 juv. (CRBAMM000356), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.9372225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.845001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.9372225/lat 29.845001)">Tiznit</a>, Tizegzauine, 29°50 ′ 42 ″ N, 8°56 ′ 14 ″ W, 8.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000415), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.974167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.623055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.974167/lat 32.623055)">Beni Mellal</a>, Cheikh, 32°37 ′ 23 ″ N, 5°58 ′ 27 ″ W, 11.iv.2010 (V. Opatova &amp; M. Arnedo leg.). 3♀♀ (CRBA005022, CRBA005023, CRBA005024), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.0305557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.034164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.0305557/lat 35.034164)">Larache</a>, Ksar el Kebir, 35°02 ′ 03 ″ N, 6°01 ′ 50 ″ W, 26.ii.2010 (A. Calatayud-Mascarell &amp; A. Sánchez-Vialas leg.). 3♀♀ (CRBA005027, CRBA005028, CRBA005029), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.089722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.65167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.089722/lat 33.65167)">Benslimane</a>, Benslimane, 33°39 ′ 06 ″ N, 7°05 ′ 23 ″ W, 26.ii.2020 (A. Calatayud-Mascarell &amp; A. SánchezVialas leg.). 5♀♀ (CRBA005032, CRBA005033, CRBA005034, CRBA005035, CRBA005036), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-9.009444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.610554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -9.009444/lat 32.610554)">Sidi Bennour</a>, Oualidia, 32°36 ′ 38 ″ N, 9°00 ′ 34 ″ W, 25.ii.2020 (A. Calatayud-Mascarell &amp; A. SánchezVialas leg.). 1♀ (CRBAMM000222), province of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.9516664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.354168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.9516664/lat 31.354168)">Al Haouz</a>, Tahanaoute, 31°21 ′ 15 ″ N, 7°57 ′ 06 ″ W, 9.iii.2007 (M. Arnedo &amp; C. Ribera leg.). 4♀♀ (deposited in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.1008334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.202225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.1008334/lat 35.202225)">Department of Zoology</a>, Charles University), province of Larache, 35°12 ′ 08 ″ N, 6°06 ′ 03’’W, 12.ix.2021 (J. Korba &amp; V. Opatova leg.)</p> <p>Remarks: Originally described as Cyrtauchenius elongatus Simon, 1873, this species has been recently transferred to the genus Ischnocolus by Zonstein (2018) based on Ausserer’s description of Leptopelma africana, which clearly pointed to Theraphosidae (‘… two toothless claws bearing two tufts of hairs in each tarsi’). The three samples from the type locality analysed in our study (JK 82, JK83, JK84, see Fig. 3) were recovered within the elongatus clade, which is clearly defined by its distinct morphology. Similarly, we included individuals from the type locality of H. insidiosa (JK 87, JK88, see Fig. 3), which were shown to belong to the same clade as the remaining species identified as I. elongatus.</p> <p>In the case of I. hancocki, we could not examine the holotype female nor add samples from Larache (type locality) to the molecular analyses. However, we examined the morphology of specimens from the type locality, which fit the redescription by Guadanucci &amp; Wendt (2014) and turned out to be indistinguishable from the rest of the elongatus morphotype samples. Moreover, the type locality Larache is located within the estimated (SDM) range of occurrence, only 30 km north-west from the topotype locality of I. elongatus. The putative synonymy of I. elongatus and I. hancocki was already suggested by Zonstein (2018).</p> <p>Based on these arguments and the detailed examination of topotypes of each taxon, we herein propose I. elongatus as senior synonym of both I. hancocki and Harpactirella insidiosa.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Ischnocolus elongatus differs from all its congeners by the following combination of characters: robust appearance (Fig. 23), apical segment of PLS triangular (Figs 9C, D, 10C–F, 22D), cephalic region and eye tubercle elevated (Figs 11B, 22E), presence of black bristles on cheliceral margin (Fig. 22D) and tarsus IV without pseudosegmentation. Females further differ from other Ischnocolus species, except I. vanandalae, by possessing 0–2 apical lobes on spermathecae (Figs 6A–L, 22F). Males differ from other Ischnocolus species by having reduced spination on ventral tibia I (Figs 8, 21B–D) and having a shorter palpal tibia in comparison to the tarsus and patella (Fig. 21F–H). The lifestyle of I. elongatus is unique among its congeners [see Montemor et al. (2020) for natural history of Middle Eastern species], as it excavates deep tube-like burrows (see Natural history section).</p> <p>Description: Male, (CRBAMM 000397, Tilougguite): Total length 14.12. Colour pattern: Colour in ethanol: legs and carapace light yellow-brown. Carapace with silver hairs (Fig. 21A). Abdomen darker brown with dorsal light striped pattern. Carapace: 5.43 long, 4.72 wide (Fig. 21A); cephalic region raised from lateral view; eye tubercle elevated, 0.68 long, 1.08 wide; fovea slightly procurved (Fig. 21A). Clypeus 0.23 wide. Eyes (Fig. 21E): AME 0.18, PME 0.17, ALE 0.23, PLE 0.20; PME-PME 0.67, ALE-AME 0.26, ALE-PLE 0.34, AMEPLE 0.38, AME-AME 0.35, ALE-ALE 0.81. Sternum, labium and maxillae: sternum 2.60 long, 2.47 wide, setose; labium 0.58 long, 1.02 wide, with approx. 20 cuspules; maxillae with approx. 40 cuspules (Fig. 21I). Abdomen: 6.30 long, 3.23 wide; PLS basal segment 0.84 long, median segment 0.51 long, apical segment 0.52 long, triangular. Chelicerae: 2.27 long; basal article with nine teeth; intercheliceral tumescence present (Fig. 21N). Rastellum sensu Raven (1994) absent, but a group of strong black bristles in front of the fang base is present (Fig. 21N). Pedipalps: spination: femur (p)1ap., ventral furrow on tibia not sigmoid, broad. Length: 7.76 (femur 3.12, patella 1.82, ≤ tibia 2.09, tarsus 1.59). Copulatory bulb: bulb globular, embolus curved with pointed tip (Figs 7, 21F– H, J–M). Legs: scopula on all tarsi divided by a thick Figure 21. Ischnocolus elongatus, male, A –N (CRBAMM 000397). A, prosoma, dorsal view. B, tibia I, prolateral view. C, tibia I, ventral view. D, tibia I, retrolateral view. E, eye tubercle, dorsal view. F, palpal bulbus, prolateral view. G, palpal bulbus, ventral view. H, palpal bulbus, retrolateral view. I, sternum, maxillae, labium and chelicerae, ventral view. J, bulbus, prolateral view. K, bulbus, ventral view. L, bulbus, retrolateral view. M, bulbus, dorsal view. N, chelicerae, prolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.</p> <p>band of setae. Scopula on ventral metatarsus I nearly totally occupied, II half occupied, III and IV &lt;half occupied. Paired claws on tarsi I–IV, bipectinate, with two rows of five teeth. Leg measurement: length of legs IV&gt; I&gt; II&gt; III. Leg I: 15.98 (femur 4.76, patella 2.62, tibia 3.39, metatarsus 3.01, tarsus 1.94), leg III: 14.30 (femur 3.54, patella 2.06, tibia 2.27, metatarsus 3.22, tarsus 2.04), leg IV: 19.15 (femur 4.98, patella 2.55, tibia 3.78, metatarsus 4.26, tarsus 2.49). Spines: I femur (p)ap1, (r)ap1, patella (r)1, tibia (r)1-1, (v)2- 2-2, metatarsus (v)1-1; III femur (p)ap1, patella (p)1, tibia (r)1-1, (p)2-2, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)0-1-1, (p)2- 2-2, (v)1-1-1-1; IV femur (r)ap1, (d)ap1, patella (p)1, Figure 22. Ischnocolus elongatus, female, A –G (CRBA 005027). Prosoma, dorsal view. B, sternum, maxillae and chelicerae, ventral view. C, eye tubercle, dorsal view. D, chelicerae, prolateral view (arrow indicates dense strong black bristles). E, whole body, lateral view. F, spermathecae. G, posterior lateral spinneret, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.</p> <p>tibia (r)1-1-1-1-1-1, (p)2-1-1-1, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)1-1, (p)1-2-1-1-2, (v)1-1. Tarsus IV without pseudosegmentation.</p> <p>Female (CRBA 005027, Benslimane): Total length 25.07. Colour pattern: Colour in ethanol: carapace, chelicerae and legs dark orange-brown, abdomen grey-brown with light striped pattern. Colour of live specimens: northern populations have beige-golden setae on carapace, legs and chelicerae. Basal part of the chelicerae is black without setae, black stripe on the patella of each leg. Abdomen beige-golden with black spots (Fig. 23C). Southern populations have orange legs with black setae, carapace golden brown, chelicerae black with golden brown setae. Abdomen light to dark-brown with golden spot pattern (Fig. 23A, B). Carapace: 7.74 long, 6.39 wide (Fig. 22A); cephalic region raised from lateral view; eye tubercle strongly elevated (Fig. 22E), 0.99 long, 1.40 wide; fovea deep, straight to slightly procurved (Fig. 22A); clypeus 0.29. Eyes (Fig. 22C): AME 0.20, PME 0.21, ALE 0.26, PLE 0.23; PME-PME 0.89, ALE-AME 0.31, ALE-PLE 0.43, AME-PLE 0.54, AME-AME 0.47, ALE-ALE 1.01. Sternum, labium and maxillae: sternum 3.87 long, 3.44 wide; labium 1.14 long, 1.63 wide, with approx. 20 cuspules; maxillae with approx. 70 cuspules (Fig. 22B). Abdomen: oval, 12.87 long, 6.77 wide (Fig. 22E); PLS basal segment 1.30 long, median segment 0.63 long, apical segment 0.84 long, triangular (Fig. 22G). Vulva: formed by two widely separated triangular receptacles without lobes (Fig. 22F). Chelicerae: robust, 4.20 mm long; basal article with nine teeth; rastellum sensu Raven (1994) absent, but a group of strong black bristles is present on the margin (Fig. 22D). Pedipalps: length: 11.61 (femur 4.26, patella 2.66, tibia 2.52, tarsus 2.17). Spination: femur (p)ap1, tibia, (v)1-1-2, (p)1-2-1. Legs: scopula on all tarsi divided by a thick band of setae.Scopula on ventral metatarsus Ientirely occupied, II four-fifths occupied, III three-quarters occupied, IV three-quarters occupied. Leg measurement: length of legs IV&gt; I&gt; II&gt; III. leg IV: 21.1 (femur 6.05, patella 3.36, tibia 4.58, metatarsus 4.45, tarsus 2.66), leg III: 14.52 (femur 4.59, patella 2.61, tibia 2.60, metatarsus 2.72, tarsus 2.00), leg II: 17.19 (femur 5.21, patella 3.07, tibia 3.59, metatarsus 3.08, tarsus 2.24), leg I: 19.44 (femur 5.99, patella 3.65, tibia 4.13, metatarsus 3.34, tarsus 2.33). Spines: I femur (p)ap1, tibia (v)1-1, tarsus (v)1-0; II femur (p)ap1, tibia (r)0-0-1, (v)1-1-2, tarsus (v)1-1; III femur (r)ap1, (p)ap1, patella (r)1, (p)2, tibia (r)1-1, (p)2-2, (v)1-1-2, metatarsus (r)1, (p)2-2-2, (v)1-1-2; IV femur (r)ap1, patella (r)ap1, tibia (r)1-1- 1, (v)2-1-2-1-2 metatarsus (r)1-2-1, (p)1-1, (v)2-2-2-3. Tarsus IV without pseudosegmentation.</p> <p>Distribution: The species is currently known only from Morocco, where it ranges from Larache in the north to Mesti in the south. Distribution in Algeria is highly probable.</p> <p>Natural history: Ischnocolus elongatus constructs a 20–30 cm deep tube burrow with an open entrance and a palisade build from surrounding material resembling that of wolf spider genus Lycosa, but with more dense and compact silk lining (Fig. 24E– H). Burrows in southern populations (~20 observed) consist of a single, slightly inclined underground tube, sometimes connected to the surface by side exits. Burrows in northern populations seemed to be more complex (~ten burrows observed). A tube vertically extending from the entrance ends after approximately 5–10 cm, forming a chamber where the spider deposits prey remnants and old exuviae. The main burrow connects laterally to the vertical tube few cm below the entrance. The opening to the lateral tube is small and often closed by a dense web. After a short distance, the horizontally oriented side tube turns vertical and continues approx. for another 20 cm.</p> <p>The species occurs in a wide variety of habitats and climates, also in sympatry with either I. valentinus or I. mogadorensis. It has been found in humid localities in northern Morocco, in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) or cork-oak (Quercus suber L.) forest with Mediterranean fan palm (Chamaerops humilis) (Fig. 24C), in the central coast on light sandy soil with Berber thuja (Tetraclinis articulata) (Fig. 24B) and in semi-arid localities in southern Morocco among argan stands [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] (Fig. 24D) or in Macaronesian vegetation with Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton and E. officinarum L. on hard sandstone bedrock (24A). In Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains, the localities do not exceed 2000 m a. s. l.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED8788FFC7612BF386DCB94189F8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korba, Jan;Opatova, Vera;Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau;Enguídanos, Alba;Bellvert, Adrià;Adrián, Silvia;Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto;Arnedo, Miquel A	Korba, Jan, Opatova, Vera, Calatayud-Mascarell, Arnau, Enguídanos, Alba, Bellvert, Adrià, Adrián, Silvia, Sánchez-Vialas, Alberto, Arnedo, Miquel A (2022): Systematics and phylogeography of western Mediterranean tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2): 845-884, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac042, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/845/6619232
