identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039C87EAFFA5FFF8FF226F8C1EA87435.text	039C87EAFFA5FFF8FF226F8C1EA87435.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia taraxaci (Denis & Schiffermuller 1775)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia taraxaci (Denis &amp; Schiffermüller, 1775)</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–17, 53, 58–63, 88–93, 114–115)</p>
            <p> 
Bombyx taraxaci 
Denis &amp; Schiffermuller, 1775 , Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend, 57. Type locality: Austria, Vienna area. Types do not exist. </p>
            <p> = Phalaena  Bombyx taraxaconis Gmelin, 1790 , Caroli a Linné, systema naturae, 1(5), 2415. Type locality: Austria. Types were not found. Unnecessary replacement for  Bombyx taraxaci Denis &amp; Schiffermüller, 1775 . </p>
            <p> =  
Lemonia taraxaci terranea 
Rothschild, 1909 , The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, Series 8, 3(13), 7. Type locality: France, Le Lautaret, 45.03541° N, 6.40171° E. Lectotype ♂ (NHML). </p>
            <p>
                 =  Lemonia taraxaci ab. depuncta  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.3472/lat 50.4642)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.3472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.4642">Stephens</a>
                 , 1924,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.3472/lat 50.4642)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.3472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.4642">Deutsche</a>
                 entomologische  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.3472/lat 50.4642)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.3472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.4642">Zeitschrift</a>
                 “Iris,” 38: 204. Type locality: Poland, Karłów, 50.4742° N, 16.3379° E and Poland, Fort Karola, 50.4642° N, 16.3472° E. Syntypes ♂ and ♀ were not found. Invalid infrasubspecific name. 
            </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Lemonia taraxaci is a Central European species, it is restricted to the Alps and the surrounding lowlands. It has a 2.18% gap analysis distance from  L. sibirica and 2.98% from  L. italiana sp. n. (Fig. 115).  Lemonia taraxaci is externally and morphologically variable, without reliable characters found to distinguish it from the other closely related species. </p>
            <p>Variability. The coloration of the species varies from pale yellow to vivid yolk yellow and from brownish yellow to brown (see Figs 1–17). The brown tint suggested to be related to inhabiting height – as higher specimen flies as darker it is (Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011), compare Figs 10 and 11 – 199 and 2275 m accordingly.Although, specimens from the same location may be of a different color (Figs 8 and 9). In addition, specimens with a brown tint are known not only from a mountainous areas but from lowlands too: Osp, Slovenia (35 m; Fig. 12) and Prague, Czechia (250 m; Fig. 14). Few specimens known with darkened veins (Figs 5–6). Discal spot a slightly variable in size dot (Figs 2 and 10) or a lunule- or a comma-shaped spot (Fig. 13).</p>
            <p>Uncus in male genitalia (Fig. 53) varies in a wide range with no system (Figs 58–63), even specimens from the same location are different (Figs 59–60).</p>
            <p>Spurs on tarsi vary in number and size without any system (Figs 88–93).</p>
            <p> Distribution (Fig. 114). The range, especially in the lowlands around the Alps, is not clear. The western, northern and eastern distribution boundaries are likely to shrink because of active land use (The Council of the European Union, 2013). In the northeast and east it is probably limited by the Ore Mountains, the Sudetes and then the Carpathian Mountains. The species range does not exceed the Alps in the southwest and is limited by the Po Valley in the south. In the southeast, the border between  L. taraxaci and  L. strigata may be somewhere across coastal Croatia if it exists at all. Specimens externally looking like  L. taraxaci are known from the Balkans but here we regard them under  L. strigata according to fresh DNA data (see “Taxonomic note. 1.” for  L. strigata strigata ). Wang (1998) recorded  L. taraxaci from China, but later Cui et al. (2017) showed it is a misidentified  Bombycidae species. </p>
            <p>Taxonomic notes. 1. The species was described from the “Wienergegend” – Vienna area – a lowland below 300 m. Here we consider mountain and lowland populations within the same species. Further studies are necessary, and DNA analysis may show in fact some differences.</p>
            <p> 2. Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011) listed  Lemonia taraxaci var. montana Buresch, 1915 as a synonym of  L. taraxaci , assuming it is just “an ecologic form with dark and somewhat hyaloid scales.” A syntype female from the NMNHS collection was known to the authors and to us by a color photo (Fig. 38). Here we regard it under  L. strigata strigata (see “Taxonomic notes. 2.”). They also listed  Lemonia taraxaci ab. antigone Stauder, 1913 (type locality: Adriatic Sea coast) among invalid infrasubspecific names for  L. taraxaci , but considering the type locality we list it as a synonym of  L. strigata strigata instead. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined:   France: ♂, Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur, N Col de la Boucharde /  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.7433/lat 44.2833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.7433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.2833">Col de la Cayolle</a>
                 N, 44.2833° N, 6.7433° E, 1930 m, 26.VII.2009, leg. P. Huemer, TLMF Lep 00400 (TLM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.76167/lat 44.4759)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.76167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.4759">Les Gleizolles</a>
                 , 44.4759° N, 6.76167° E, 25.VIII.1962, leg. W. Strehlau (CGM)  ;   2♂, High Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.539/lat 14.529)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.529">Queyras Valley</a>
                 , 44.7333° N, 6.8166° E, 1400–2000 m, 12.VIII.1964, 17.VIII.1964, slides 14.529, 14.539 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♀, High Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.54189/lat 44.82342)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.54189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.82342">Les Vigneaux</a>
                 , 44.82342° N, 6.54189° E, 28.VIII.1965 (CGM)  ;   ♀, High Alps, Briançon,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.5812/lat 44.85842)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.5812&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.85842">Prelles</a>
                 , 44.85842° N, 6.5812° E, 13.VIII.1969 (CGM)  ;   ♂, High Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.54999/lat 44.98801)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.54999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=44.98801">Chantemerle</a>
                 , 44.98801° N, 6.54999° E, 1900 m, 2–14.VIII.1978, leg. P. Walter (ZSM)  ;   ♂, High Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.40773/lat 45.06409)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.40773&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.06409">Col du Galibier</a>
                 , 45.06409° N, 6.40773° E, 2600 m, 3.VIII.1962, leg. Lukasch (ZSM)  ;   ♂, High Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.92688/lat 45.98359)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.92688&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.98359">Argentière</a>
                 , 45.98359° N, 6.92688° E, 1400 m, VIII.1975, leg. W. Pevlee (CGM)  .   Switzerland: 2♂, Valais,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.86696/lat 46.27357)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.86696&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.27357">Zeneggen</a>
                 , 46.27357° N, 7.86696° E, 1450 m, 10.VIII.1968 (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Bern,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.67443/lat 46.49473)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.67443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.49473">Kandersteg</a>
                 , 46.49473° N, 7.67443° E, 1500 m (CGM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.8355/lat 46.49079)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.8355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.49079">St Moritz</a>
                 , 46.49079° N, 9.8355° E, 29.VII.1955 (CGM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.59356/lat 46.63391)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.59356&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.63391">Andermatt</a>
                 , 1700 m, 46.63391° N, 8.59356° E, 26.VII.1979, leg. H. Hacker, slide 14.528 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Valais,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.0322/lat 46.25059)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.0322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.25059">Col du Simplon</a>
                 , 46.25059° N, 8.0322° E, 12–26.VII.1952 (MNHN)  ;   3♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.7197/lat 46.48086)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.7197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.48086">Tremorgio Lake</a>
                 , 46.48086° N, 8.7197° E, 24.VII.1952, 27.VII.1952, leg. L. Settele (SMNH)  .   Germany: ♂, ♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.9223/lat 48.1888)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.9223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.1888">Hossingen</a>
                 , 48.1888° N, 8.9223° E, 8.VIII.1985, 10.VIII.1985, leg. Lingenhöle (CGM)  ;   ♀, S Bavaria, N Munich, Fröttmaninger Heide,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.6122/lat 48.2077)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.6122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2077">Am Kiefernwald</a>
                 , 48.2077° N, 11.6122° E 5–20.X.1930, leg. Kolb (CGM)  .   Italy: ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.051/lat 45.077)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.077">Colle delle Finestre</a>
                 , 45.077° N, 7.051° E, 2155 m, 26.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14638 (KLM)  ;   ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.951/lat 45.064)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.951&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.064">Testa</a>
                 dell’Assietta, 45.064° N, 6.951° E, 2530 m, 25.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14639 (KLM)  ;   ♂, South Tyrol,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.24852/lat 46.52951)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.24852&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.52951">Terlan</a>
                 , 46.52951° N, 11.24852° E, leg. F. Dannehl (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Valle d’Aosta, Val di Rhêmes, S Talende,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.08442/lat 45.51564)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.08442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.51564">Rifugio Benevolo</a>
                 , 45.51564° N, 7.08442° E, 2300–2400 m, 25.VII.1989, leg. E. Brockmann (ZSM)  ;   5♂, 5♀, Autonomous Province of Trento,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.1008/lat 46.083)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.1008&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.083">Vela</a>
                 , 46.083° N, 11.1008° E, 19.IX.1999, leg. M. Gick, slide Lemon-10 (CGM)  ;   ♂, Gardasee,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.84388/lat 45.72638)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.84388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.72638">Monte Baldo</a>
                 , 45.72638° N, 10.84388° E, 1100 m, VII.2002, leg. Weiss (CGM)  ;   ♂, Piedmont, Cottian Alps,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.051/lat 45.077)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.077">Colle delle Finestre</a>
                 , 45.077° N, 7.051° E, 2155 m, 26.VIII.2019, leg. Ch. Wieser, KLM Lep 14638 (KLM)  ;   ♂,  Bassano del Grappa , 500 m, 9.X.1972, leg. K. Heuberger-Regensburg (CGM)  .   Austria: ♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.23091/lat 48.00214)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.23091&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.00214">Baden</a>
                 bei Wien, 48.00214° N, 16.23091° E, VIII.1931 (ZSM)  ;   ♀, Vienna,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.22052/lat 48.16969)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.22052&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.16969">Lainzer Tiergarten</a>
                 , 48.16969° N, 16.22052° E, 9.X.1922 (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Burgenland,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.35754/lat 47.17423)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.35754&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.17423">Kohfidisch</a>
                 , 47.17423° N, 16.35754° E, 260 m, 5–12.VIII.1964 (ZSM)  ;   ♂, ♀, Burgenland,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.09962/lat 47.5866)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.09962&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.5866">Aspang – Edlitz</a>
                 , 47.5866° N, 16.09962° E, 20.X.1981, leg. Pinker (CGM)  .  Czechia: ♂, Prague, 50.07553° N, 14.4378° E (CGM) .   Hungary: ♂, Nógrád,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.64529/lat 48.18002)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.64529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.18002">Egyházasgerge</a>
                 , 48.18002° N, 19.64529° E, 2.IX.1996, leg. O. Kostjuk, slide 14.543 (MWM / ZSM; CGM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.5/lat 48.08333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.08333">Bükk Mountains</a>
                 , 48.08333° N, 20.5° E, 8.IX.1963, leg. J. Jablonkay, slide 14.405 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Jósvafő,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.55044/lat 48.48262)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.55044&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.48262">Tohonyavölgy</a>
                 , 48.48262° N, 20.55044° E, 6.IX.1978, leg. P. Gyulai (CGM)  .   Slovenia: ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.59978/lat 46.32465)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.59978&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.32465">Kamniška Bistrica</a>
                 , 46.32465° N, 14.59978° E, 12.VII.1978 (ZSM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.85846/lat 45.57159)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.85846&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.57159">Osp</a>
                 , 45.57159° N, 13.85846° E, 6.X.1972, leg. P. Tonkli (CGM)  .   Croatia: ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.6387/lat 45.08116)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.6387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.08116">Rovinj</a>
                 , 45.08116° N, 13.6387° E, 0–50 m, 9.X.1967, leg. Dantel, slide 14.441 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.26834/lat 45.26906)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.26834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.26906">Medveja</a>
                 , 45.26906° N, 14.26834° E, 10–16.IX.1955 (ZSM)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFA5FFF8FF226F8C1EA87435	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
039C87EAFFA2FFFBFF226A0C1F8172B9.text	039C87EAFFA2FFFBFF226A0C1F8172B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia sibirica (Wnukowsky 1934) Wnukowski 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia sibirica Wnukowski, 1934 stat. rev. , bona sp. </p>
            <p>(Figs 18–23, 52, 64–66, 94–96, 114–115)</p>
            <p>
                 
Lemonia taraxaci 
ssp. sibirica Wnukowsky, 1934 , Entomologische Anzeiger, XIV, 112. Type locality: Russia, Novosibirsk Oblast, Ozero-Karachi, 55.3493° N, 76.9692° E and Russia, Altai Krai,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.0647/lat 53.516)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.0647&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.516">Kornilovo</a>
                 , 53.5160° N, 81.0647° E. Syntypes 3♂, two of them are syntypes of  Lemonia taraxaci ab. immaculata Wnukowsky, 1926, not examined. 
            </p>
            <p>
                 =  Lemonia taraxaci  ab. immaculata  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.9692/lat 55.3493)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.9692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.3493">Wnukowsky</a>
                 , 1926,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.9692/lat 55.3493)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.9692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=55.3493">Proceedings</a>
                 of the Tomsk State University, 77(2), 144. Type locality: Russia, Novosibirsk Oblast, Ozero-Karachi, 55.3493° N, 76.9692° E. Syntypes 2♂ (Tomsk State University), not examined. Invalid infrasubspecific name  . 
            </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Lemonia sibirica is an East European to South Siberian lowland species related to forest steppes and steppes. It has a 2.18% gap analysis distance from  L. taraxaci and 3.30% from  L. italiana sp. n. (Fig. 115). Externally and morphologically variable, no reliable characters were found to distinguish it from closely related species. </p>
            <p> Variability. Wnukovsky described the wing color of the type males as gray-green instead of pale-ochreyellow (“grau-grüne (anstatt hell-ockergelbe) Färbung,” 1934: 112) but no gray-green  L. taraxaci adult is known to us from any location, only pale yellow to vivid orangish yellow (Figs 18–23; see adult from Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in Rennwald &amp; Rodeland, 2022). Probably, Wnukovsky described somehow damaged or accidentally dyed specimens available. Discal dot slightly varies in size (Figs 19 and 23). </p>
            <p>Uncus in male genitalia (Fig. 52) varies with no system (Figs 64–66), even specimens 18 km far from each other are different (Figs 65 and 66).</p>
            <p>Spurs on tarsi vary in number and size without any system (Figs 94–96).</p>
            <p>Distribution (Fig. 114). The subspecies flies from South Siberia (Knyazev, 2020) west to Central Russia and then probably further to Poland, Belarus and Ukraine, the western border is not clear and further DNA investigation is needed. We consider it may lie along the Ore Mountains, the Sudetes and then the Carpathian Mountains, records close to both sides of the mountains are known (Székely, 2010, 2012, 2018).</p>
            <p> Taxonomic notes. 1. Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011) synonymized  L. taraxaci sibirica with  L. taraxaci . Here we reconsider the taxon status as bona species based on a 2.18% gap analysis distance between  L. sibirica and  L. taraxaci and the distribution border along the Ore Mountains, the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains, this border may be related to the last glaciation periods. </p>
            <p> 2. A population from Romania (BOLD:ADF0319) is the nearest neighbor of  L. sibirica (BOLD:AAU1316) at a 1.76% distance, this data should be checked and compared with  L. taraxaci as well as with  L. strigata . </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined: Russia: numerous   ♂ and ♀, Middle Volga, Ulyanovsk Oblast,  Radishchevo , 10– 12.VII.1993, leg. Dantchenko, slide 14404 (MWM / ZSM; CGM)  ;   ♂, Ulyanovsk Oblast,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.64579/lat 54.05299)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.64579&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.05299">Shilovka</a>
                 , 54.05299° N, 48.64579° E, VII.1995, leg. V. Isaeva, slide Lemon-18 (CGM)  ;   2♂, Ulyanovsk Oblast,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.0896/lat 52.95755)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.0896&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.95755">Srednikovo</a>
                 , 52.95755° N, 48.0896° E, steppe, 6.VIII.1995, leg. V. Zolotuhin, slide Lemon-19 (CGM)  ;   2♂, Omsk Oblast,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.9586/lat 53.9111)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.9586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.9111">Russko-Polyansky District</a>
                 , 2 km SE Buzan, 53.9111° N, 73.9586° E, steppe near  Betula grove, 13.VIII.2010, leg. S. Knyazev, BOLD 2011.47, 2011.48 (CSK)  ;   ♂, Omsk Oblast, Cherlaksky District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.01827/lat 54.1335)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.01827&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=54.1335">Krasnyi Oktyabr</a>
                 , 54.1335° N, 75.01827° E, 17.VIII.2009, leg. O. Kholodov, BOLD 2011.49 (CSK)  ;   ♂, Novosibirsk Oblast, Karasukskiy District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.86765/lat 53.73046)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.86765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=53.73046">Lake Krotovo</a>
                 , 53.73046° N, 77.86765° E, 15.VIII.1981, leg. V. Dubatolov (ZISP)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFA2FFFBFF226A0C1F8172B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
039C87EAFFA1FFF5FF226C801FD5705D.text	039C87EAFFA1FFF5FF226C801FD5705D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia italiana Prozorov & Prozorova & Volkova & Yakovlev & Nedoshivina & Pinzari & Pinzari & Scalercio & Bianco & Saldaitis & Hausmann & Revay & Müller 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia italiana sp. n.</p>
            <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3B639832-7D67-4D8D-81F8-89F82148EB9A</p>
            <p>(Figs 24–31, 54, 67–73, 97–98, 114–118)</p>
            <p> =  Lemonia taraxaci  f. abluta Dannehl. Type locality: Italy,  Apennines centrale, Montagna Grande, 1200–1500 m. Paratype ♂ (ZSM), nomen nudum  . </p>
            <p>
                 Type material:   HOLOTYPE ♂, Italy, Calabria centr., Sila grd., Casali del Manco,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.52569/lat 39.29586)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.52569&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.29586">San Nicola Silano</a>
                 (CS), 39.29586° N, 16.52569° E, 1550 m, 2.IX.2012, leg. A. Hausmann, slide Lemon-7 (ZSM). 
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            <p>
                 PARATYPES (133♂, 5♀ total): Italy, Emilia-Romagna :   3♂,  Casina , 13.IX.1958, leg. A. Beyerl (CGM)  ;   ♂, Zattaglia, M.  Mauro , 350 m, 8.X.2010, leg. G. Govi (CAF)  .  Tuscany: 2♂, La Cisa, 44.4716° N, 9.9283° E, 1000 m, IX.1959, leg. L. Weinmann (SMNS) ;   3♂, 2♀, Siena, Geggiano,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.3856/lat 43.3639)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.3856&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.3639">Pianella</a>
                 , 43.3639° N, 11.3856° E, 350 m, 21–28.IX.2021, leg. N. Keil, BC ZSM Lep 113545 (CNK; CBM)  .   Marches: 3♂, Monte Catria, above  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.6661/lat 43.4704)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.6661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.4704">Fossato</a>
                 , 43.4704° N, 12.6661° E, 1100 m, 23.IX.2017, leg. G. Govi, BC ZSM Lep 114582, 114583, 114584 (ZSM)  ;   2♂, Monti Sibillini,  Pintura di Bolognola , 1400 m, 1.09.2011, leg. A. Floriani (CAF)   Umbria: 2♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.87161/lat 42.8469)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.87161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.8469">Montagna Grande</a>
                 , 42.8469° N, 12.87161° E, 1000 m, 12.IX (CGM)  .   Lazio: ♂, Roma, Monti Sabatini,  Casaccia ,  Santa Maria di Galeria , 30.IX.1970, leg. P. Maltzeff, slide Lemon-17 (CGM)  ;   ♂, Roma,  Olgiata , 7.IX.1967, slide 14.549 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   17♂, 2♀, Rieti, Vallemare,  Colle Marcone , 1121 m, 5.IX.1987, 13.IX.1987, 17.IX.1988, 20.IX.1991, 11.IX.2000, 8.IX.2002, 23.IX.2006, 14.IX.2008, leg. M. Pinzari (CMP, CGM)  ;   ♀, Rieti, Vallemare,  Costa della Chiusa , 1093 m, 16.IX.1989, leg. M. Pinzari (CMP)  ;   14♂, Rieti, Posta,  Villa Camponeschi ,  Colle Petruccio , 1000 m, 4–6.IX.1996, 8.IX.2001, leg. A. Zilli (CMP, CGM)  ;   ♂, Rieti,  Santa Anatolia , 750 m, 9.IX.1994, leg. P. Provera (CMP)  ;   20♂, Roma,  Olgiata , 30.IX.1961, 2.IX.1965, 3.IX.1965, 4.IX.1965, 3.IX.1966, 4.X.1966, 7.X.1966, 9.X.1966, 7.X.1967, 9.X.1972, leg. P. Provera (CMP)  ;   3♂, Roma, Casaccia,  Santa Maria di Galeria , 190 m, 5.X.1970, 7.X.1971, 22.X.1971, leg. P. Maltzeff (CMP, CGM)  .   Abruzzo: 2♂, L’Aquila,  Rocca di Botte , 800 m, 30.IX.1974, leg. P. Provera (CMP, CGM)  ;   ♂, L’Aquila, Sperone (  Gioia dei  Marsi ), 1000 m, 30.IX.1995, leg. P. Provera (CMP)  ;   ♂,  Pescina , 900 m, 7.IX.1994, leg. P. Provera (CJM)  ;   ♂, V. F. Capo,  La Maina mt. , 1100 m, 5.X.1980, leg. P. Provera (CGM)  .   Apulia: 3♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.57799/lat 40.72952)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.57799&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.72952">Ostuni</a>
                 , 40.72952° N, 17.57799° E, 5 m, 1–10.X.1969, leg. E. Beyerl (CGM)  .   Basilicata: 9♂, Forststraβe  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.8148/lat 40.143)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.8148&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.143">Mad. di Sirino</a>
                 , 40.1430° N, 15.8148° E, 1570 m, 5.IX.2011, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Forststraβe  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.3633/lat 40.2417)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.3633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.2417">Mad. di Sirino</a>
                 , 40.2417° N, 16.3633° E, 1570 m, 5.IX.2011, leg. A. Hausmann, BC ZSM Lep 60899 (ZSM)  ;   ♂,  Md. di Sirino , 1060 m, 15.IX.1991, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  ;   ♂,  Piano di Ruggio , 1545 m, 16.IX.2004, leg. Scalercio &amp; Greco (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Costa tirr.,  Cristo di Maratea , 620 m, 28.X.1996, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  ;   2♂, Valle Noce,  Trecchina , 320 m, 29.X.1996, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  .   Calabria: 3♂, Pollino,  Mercene , 300 m, 6.X.1980 (ZSM)  ;   ♂, Mte. Pollino, Col. d.  Dragone , 1620 m, 12.IX.1995, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  ;   ♂,  Casali del Manco , San Nicola Silano (CS)  ,  1450 m, 4.IX.2000, leg. S. Scalercio (ZSM) ;   ♂, La Sila,  Lago di Arvo , 1350 m, 11.IX.1971, leg. Wiegel (CGM)  ;   8♂, Sila grd.,  Casali del Manco , San Nicola Silano (CS)  ,  39.29719° N, 16.5261° E, 1550 m, 31.VIII.2012, 2.IX.1999, leg. A. Hausmann, BC ZSM Lep 30795, slides Lemon-6, Lemon-8, Lemon-9 (ZSM) ;   ♂, Sila Grande, M.  Curcio , 1690 m, 9.X.2002, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (ZSM)  ;   2♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.4243/lat 39.312)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.4243&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.312">Sila</a>
                 , Mte Curcio S, 39.3120° N, 16.4243° E, 1730 m, wetland, 22.VIII.2000, leg. A. Hausmann (ZSM)  ;   2♂, Donnici,  Fosso Cucolo , 550 m, 18.X.1996, leg. S. Scalercio, slide Lemon-5 (ZSM)  ;  ♂, P. del minatore, 39.7837° N, 16.0753° E, 1420m, 29.IX.2016, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL) ;   ♂, Bocca di Novacco,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.0451/lat 39.814)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.0451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.814">Saracena</a>
                 , 39.8140° N, 16.0451° E, 1340m, 23.IX.2015, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, Quaresima,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5087/lat 39.2353)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5087&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2353">Aprigliano</a>
                 , 39.2353° N, 16.5087° E, 1310m, 7.IX.2015, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL)  ;   2♂, Colle Macchie,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5271/lat 39.2591)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2591">Pedace</a>
                 , 39.2591° N, 16.5271° E, 1440m, 7.IX.2015, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, Colle Macchie,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5308/lat 39.2597)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5308&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2597">Pedace</a>
                 , 39.2597° N, 16.5308° E, 1450m, 7.IX.2015, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, Colle Macchie,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5272/lat 39.2589)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.2589">Pedace</a>
                 , 39.2589° N, 16.5272° E, 1440m, 7.IX.2015, leg. Scalercio &amp; Infusino (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, C. da Licari,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.4977/lat 38.9188)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.4977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.9188">Marcellinara</a>
                 , 38.9188° N, 16.4977° E, 215m, 10.X.2018, leg. S. Scalercio (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, Vallone Tasso,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.415113/lat 39.335983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.415113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.335983">Spezzano Sila</a>
                 , 39.335985° N, 16.415114° E, 1409m, 10.IX.2018, leg. S. Scalercio (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂, Villaggio Buturo,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.2713/lat 39.0766)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.2713&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0766">Zagarise</a>
                 , 39.0766° N, 16.2713°E, 1540m, 14.IX.2020, leg. S. Scalercio &amp; C. Di Marco (CREA-FL)  ;   2♂, Fiume Crati,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.2713/lat 39.6086)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.2713&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.6086">Tarsia</a>
                 , presso cimitero di Tarsia, 39.6086° N, 16.2713° E, 55m, 15.X.2021, leg. S. Scalercio (CREA-FL)  ;   ♂,  Gambarie D’Aspromonte , 1300 m, 15.IX.1970, leg. F. Hartig (CGM)  .   Sicilia: ♂, ♀,  Mistretta , IX.1938 (CGM)  ;   ♂,  Mistretta , 14.IX.1938 (CGM)  ;   ♂, ♀,  Madonie , 1200 m, 9.IX (CGM)  ;   2♂, Madonie,  Mandria del Conte , 1300 m, 18.IX.1993, leg. N. Grillo (CMP, CGM)  ;   2♂,  Bosco di Malabotta , 1320m, 2.X.07, leg. Infusino (CREA-FL)  . 
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            <p> Diagnosis.  Lemonia italiana is an Italian and Sicilian species. It has a 2.98% gap analysis distance from  L. taraxaci and 3.30% from  L. sibirica (Fig. 115). Externally and morphologically variable, no reliable characters were found to distinguish it from closely related species. </p>
            <p>Description. Male habitus (Figs 24–31). Antenna orange, flagellum apically covered with black scales. Head and thorax orange. Forewing length: 20–24 mm; wingspan: 43–46 mm. Wing somewhat triangular, external margin rounded and smooth, apex obtuse. Coloration ranges from pale to yolk yellow and may saturate towards the external margin. Cilia is wing color. Discal mark a small dark brown dot or lunule-shaped spot on the outer margin of the cell. Hindwing follows the same coloration as forewing. Cilia is of the same color as the wing. Abdomen black dorsally, the yellow interspace between abdominal segments may appear (Fig. 30), laterally orange, and ventrally yellow. Femur yellow, tibia of fore and middle legs speckled yellow and black, tibia of hind leg yellow, tarsi black. The tibial spur formula is 0-2-2, epiphysis absent (Figs 97–98). Male genitalia (Fig. 54). Tegumen somewhat triangular, widening basally. Socii membranous, covered with short chaetae. Uncus elongated, varies in width and length but always bifurcated apically and with isthmus near its base, covered with chaetae (Figs 67–73). Gnathos short, rounded, spatula-like with an uneven surface, a narrow subanal plate going from it towards the anal opening. Vinculum narrow, band-like. Valvae elongated, rounded, covered with chaetae, the ventral lateral margin may be convex or concave; sacculus weakly pronounced. Juxta boat-like pointed apically, widened basally, surrounds aedeagus. Aedeagus elongated, narrow, and c-shaped. Vesica small, elongated, and bag-shaped. Eighth sternum small, somewhat triangular, apically rounded, and varies in shape. Eighth tergum trapezoid not modified. Female habitus (Fig. 31). Forewing length: 24 mm; wingspan 48 mm. Fore and hind wing coloration pale yellow. Female genitalia not studied.</p>
            <p>Etymology. We dedicate the species not to the Italian territory, which also includes Sicily, but to the Italian language and culture that we all admire.</p>
            <p> Distribution (Fig. 114). The Italian Peninsula southwards of the Po Valley to Sicily, the northeast border is somewhere between the Alps and the Apennines. Earlier recorded as  L. taraxaci by Grünberg, 1913; Mariani, 1941; Rougeot, 1971; Teobaldelli, 1976; Prola et al., 1978; de Freina &amp; Witt, 1987; Bertaccini et al., 1994; Sciarretta &amp; Parenzan, 1998; Sciarretta &amp; Zahm, 2002; Parenzan &amp; Porcelli, 2006; Sciarretta et al., 2008; Pinzari et al., 2010; Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011; Zerunian &amp; Zilli, 2014, Infusino &amp; Scalercio, 2018; Scalercio &amp; Greco, 2018; Scalercio, 2020; Scalercio et al., 2022. </p>
            <p>Biology (Figs 116–118). Ecologically the species is related to the following regions (Dinerstein et al., 2017): Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests, Apennine deciduous montane forests, Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests, and South Apennine mixed montane forests. It inhabits heights from 55 (Fiume Crati, Tarsia, 39.6086° N, 16.2713° E) up to 2200 m (Monte Pollino, 39.907° N, 16.18886° E) above sea level. Adults were collected from August to October.</p>
            <p>
                 Taxonomic note.   Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011: 15) mentioned a series of paratypes of  Lemonia taraxaci f. abluta Dannehl deposited in ZSM. Adults were collected in Italy, Umbria,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.87161/lat 42.8469)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.87161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.8469">Montagna Grande</a>
                 , 42.8469° N, 12.87161° E – a location within the new species distribution area. Neither we nor Antoshin and Zolotuhin found the name in the available literature, so we treat the name abluta as nomen nudum  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFA1FFF5FF226C801FD5705D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
039C87EAFFAEFFF4FF226FC41D8D7436.text	039C87EAFFAEFFF4FF226FC41D8D7436.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia strigata Antoshin & Zolotuhin 2011	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia strigata Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011</p>
            <p>(Figs 32–51, 55–57, 74–87, 99–115)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Lemonia strigata is a medium-sized, yellow-colored moth with a dark postmedial line and a single dark spot on a forewing, and a black dorsal abdomen, but these characters may vary even within the same population. The species is found throughout the Balkans and the Cyclades. </p>
            <p> Variability. The species’ coloration varies from pale yellow to vivid yolk yellow (Figs 36 and 33, 41 and 41), the postmedial line may fade until barely noticeable and even absent (Figs 32–51); known females pale yellow to yellow. The strength of the line does not seem to be related to the distribution or anything else, specimens from close or the same location may have or have no stripe (Figs 34 and 36, 39 and 40, 41–48, 49 and 50). Discal spot varies in males from small round dot to thicker lunule (Figs 32 and 49) and much more in females, it widens to big triangular spot (Figs 35 and 37). Cilia is usually of the same color with the wing, though may include dark scales (Fig. 36). Abdomen coloration like  L. taraxaci – dorsally black, ventrally yellow. It may be striped in adults with a postmedial line on wings (Figs 36 and 49) and without it (Figs 40 and 50), so stripes on the abdomen do not seem to be any kind of a reliable character and are more likely related to the way the abdomen was dried, same happens with  L. taraxaci (Fig. 30). </p>
            <p>Male genitalia of adults from close and even the same locations vary widely in the shape of uncus (Figs 75 and 76, 83 and 84), gnathos and valva. Uncus may be more or less narrow (Figs 84 and 76), straight or widened medially (Figs 82 and 75), with well or weakly pronounced isthmus (Figs 74 and 86, shown with arrows), with a well-split pair of apices or not (Figs 82 and 85), apices may be rounded or pointed (Figs 78 and 79). The distal radius of gnathos varies from narrow to wider (Figs 55 and 56). The external margin of valvae may be prominent or concave. Juxta and eighth sternum shapes were not studied.</p>
            <p>Spurs on tarsi vary as well in number and size without any system (Figs 99–113).</p>
            <p>Distribution (Fig. 114). The species is spread in the Balkans and the Cyclades.</p>
            <p> Taxonomic note. According to ICZN, Article 45.6.2., the taxon name  Lemonia taraxaci ab.  strigata Rebel, 1910 and its following usage by Rebel and Zerny (1931), Daniel (1964), and Rougeot (1971) was considered invalid by Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011). They assumed that the name  strigata “probably” should be attributed to Rougeot and Viette (1978) who used it for the first time as a trinomial  Lemonia taraxaci strigata . Although Rennwald (Rennwald &amp; Rodeland, 2022) suggested that Rougeot and Viette regarded it as an infrasubspecific taxon because they did not mention  strigata as well as some other infrasubspecific taxa in the “Species list (with family name) and their main subspecies.” We agree with Rennwald and change the authorship here to Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011 as the first reviewers of the taxon. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFAEFFF4FF226FC41D8D7436	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
039C87EAFFAEFFF1FF226A0C1E927359.text	039C87EAFFAEFFF1FF226A0C1E927359.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia strigata subsp. strigata Antoshin & Zolotuhin 2011	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia strigata strigata Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011</p>
            <p>(Figs 32–48, 55–56, 74–84, 99–111, 114–115)</p>
            <p> Lemonia strigata strigata Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011 , Eversmannia, 25–26, 15. </p>
            <p> =  Lemonia taraxaci ab.  strigata Rebel, 1910 , Fr.Berge’s Schmetterlingsbuch nach dem gegenwärtigen Stande der Lepidopterologie neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Professor Dr. H.  Rebel in Wien , 9, 131. Type locality: Croatia, Zadar. Female type was not found. Invalid infrasubspecific name. </p>
            <p> ?  
Lemonia taraxaci 
var. montana Buresch, 1915 ,  Travaux de la Socieìteì Bulgare des Sciences Naturelles , 7, 100. Type locality: Bulgaria, Rhodope Mts, Musala. Female syntype known by color photo (NMNHS). </p>
            <p> =?  Lemonia taraxaci ab. antigone Stauder, 1913, Bollettino della Societa Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste, 27: 159. Type locality: Adriatic Sea coast. Types were not found. Invalid infrasubspecific name. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  L. strigata strigata is a Balkan subspecies, it has a 2.99% gap analysis distance from  L. taraxaci , 2.82% from  L. sibirica and 2.66%  L. italiana sp. n. (Fig. 107). Externally and morphologically variable, no reliable characters were found to distinguish it from the Cycladic subspecies (see below) but it differs by a presence of a dark medial line from  L. taraxaci ,  L. sibirica , and  L. italiana sp. n.</p>
            <p> Variability. Like in  L. strigata above. </p>
            <p>Distribution (Fig. 106). The Balkans.</p>
            <p> Taxonomic notes. 1. Two barcoded males from Greece with a vague dark postmedial line (GWORQ826-10 and GWORQ827-10; Fig. 39) and the barcoded female from Bulgaria without the line but with a large triangular medial spot (LBEOW 786-10; Fig. 35) have only 0.76% genetic distance between. This proves that the postmedial line is not a stable diagnostic character for  L. strigata , the same we see in  Lemonia strigata deucalion Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011 , from the Cycladic islands, some of the adults in the type series are clearly without a stripe (Figs 50–51). We know also a series of adults that were bred in the same year ex ovo probably from the same batch of eggs from Lithochoro, Greece (Figs 41–48), they have more or less pronounced postmedial line. Thus, we suggest that  taraxaci -like adults without a stripe from the Balkans are just a variant of  L. strigata and list them in examined material here, under  L. strigata strigata . </p>
            <p> 2. The taxon  L. taraxaci var. montana is known to us just like to Antoshin and Zolotuhin (2011) by a photo of a female syntype from NMNHS (Fig. 38) – it is a pale  taraxaci -like worn specimen. According to a close genetic relationship between the typical  L. strigata and  taraxaci -like adults, we consider  L. taraxaci var. montana to be a senior synonym of  L. strigata , although leave the formal act of synonymy for the future when more Balkan adults will be barcoded. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined:   Croatia: ♂,  Zadar , 0 m, 18.X.1988, leg. H. Modl (CGM)  ;   ♂,  Mosor , 22.X.1974, leg. D. Müting (CGM)  .   North Macedonia :   ♂, Drenovo,  Kavadar , leg. J. Thurner, 1– 3.10.1959, 1–10.X.1959, slide 14.443 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂,  Strumica , 5.X.1973, slide 14.446 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   4♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.449/lat 14.447)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.449&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.447">Prilep</a>
                 , 2–7.XI.1971, 2.XI.1972, 28.VIII.1973, 21.X.1973, slides 14.447, 14.449 (MWM / ZSM; CGM)  ;   ♂,  Ohrid environs, 12–15.IX.1937, 24.IX– 3.X.1937, leg. Thurner (CGM)  .   Bulgaria: ♀, syntype of montana Buresch, Musala, 2.VIII.1910, S. M. Ferdinand I, le  Roi des Bulgares (NMNHS)  ;   ♂,  Kresna Gorge, 8.X.1981, leg. J. Ganev, slide 14.520 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Rupite,  Kozhuh Heights , 21.X.1990 (CGM)  ;   ♂, ♀,  Struma valley , 3 km SW of Kresna, 20.X.2014, leg. Babics &amp; Benedek (CGM)  .   Greece: ♂, ♀,  Thermopilae , 60–100 m, 1.X.1971, 15.X.1977, leg. Lukasch (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Peloponnes,  Lagkadia , 1200 m, 2.X.1977, leg. Lukasch (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Epirus, Thesprotia,  Fascomillia , 20 m, 18.XI.1992, 14.X.1995, 15.XI.1999, leg. Schaider, slide 14.442 (MWM / ZSM; CGM)  ;   ♂, Igoumenitsa,  Phascomillia , 9.XI.1992, leg. Schaider, slide 14.540 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, Tripoli,  Stenon , 800 m, 12.VIII.1985, 21.VIII.1985, slide 14.541 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   2♂, ♀, Peloponnes,  15 km S Tripoli , 700 m, 6.X.1982, leg. H. Hacker, slides 14.448, 14.527, 14.542 (MWM / ZSM)  ;   ♂, S Hellas, NE Peloponnes, Prov. Korinth, 8 km to coast region, 10 km SW Sofiko, 12 km NE  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.034445/lat 37.77972)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.034445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.77972">Athikia</a>
                 , 37°46’47” N, 23°02’04” E, 22–23.X.2008, leg. Steidel, Mehlhom (CGM)  ;   ♂, Pieria Mts.,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.552/lat 40.0231)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.0231">Skotina</a>
                 , 40.0231° N, 22.5520° E, 700 m, 21.X.2014, leg. Babics, Benedek (CGM)  ;   4♂, 4♀,  Lithochoro , ex ovo, 10.X.1996, 23.X.1996, 4.XI.1996, leg. F. Hohensteiner (SMNS)  . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFAEFFF1FF226A0C1E927359	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
039C87EAFFB7FFEEFF22686918B671ED.text	039C87EAFFB7FFEEFF22686918B671ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemonia strigata subsp. deucalion Antoshin & Zolotuhin 2011	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lemonia strigata deucalion Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011</p>
            <p>(Figs 49–51, 57, 85–87, 112–115)</p>
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Lemonia strigata deucalion 
Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011 , Eversmannia, 25–26, 17. Type locality: Greece, the  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.8363/lat 37.8703)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.8363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8703">Cyclades</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.8363/lat 37.8703)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.8363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8703">Andros Island</a>
                 , Remata, 37.8703° N, 24.8363° E. Male holotype (MWM/ZSM). 
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            <p> Diagnosis.  L. syrigata deucalion is an island subspecies from the Cyclades. Externally and morphologically variable, no reliable characters were found to distinguish it from the Balkan subspecies. </p>
            <p> Variability. Like in  L. strigata above. </p>
            <p>Distribution (Fig. 106). The Cyclades.</p>
            <p> Taxonomic note. Described as much paler than  L. strigata strigata (Antoshin &amp; Zolotuhin, 2011) , although seems to be within a color variation of the species (Figs 49–51), some adults have paler thorax and abdomen (Fig. 49). The Cycladic adults have to be barcoded to confirm the validity of the subspecies. </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined:   Greece, the Cyclades: holotype ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.8363/lat 37.8703)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.8363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8703">Andros Island</a>
                 , Remata, 37.8703° N, 24.8363° E  ,   21.Х.1980, leg. H. Malicky (MWM / ZSM); paratypes 3♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.8363/lat 37.8703)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.8363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8703">Andros Island</a>
                 , Remata, 37.8703° N, 24.8363° E  , 21.Х.1980,   leg. H. Malicky, slide 14.547 (MWM / ZSM; CGM); paratypes 3♂, ♀,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.551/lat 37.1822)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.551&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.1822">Naxos Island</a>
                 , Apollonas, 37.1822° N, 25.5510° E, 26.Х.1980  ,  leg. H. Malicky, slides 14.444, 14.445, 16.967 (MWM / ZSM; CGM) . 
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87EAFFB7FFEEFF22686918B671ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Prozorov, Alexey M.;Prozorova, Tatiana A.;Volkova, Julia S.;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Nedoshivina, Svetlana V.;Pinzari, Manuela;Pinzari, Mario;Scalercio, Stefano;Bianco, Giovanni;Saldaitis, Aidas;Hausmann, Axel;Revay, Edita E.;Müller, Günter C.	Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Nedoshivina, Svetlana V., Pinzari, Manuela, Pinzari, Mario, Scalercio, Stefano, Bianco, Giovanni, Saldaitis, Aidas, Hausmann, Axel, Revay, Edita E., Müller, Günter C. (2022): Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa 5195 (4): 337-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2
