identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4.text	C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517 1821	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemania diffusa (Sowerby) S.F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 517 (1821).</p>
            <p>Fig. 8</p>
            <p>Teleomorph.</p>
            <p> Stromata superficial, effused-pulvinate, discoid, up to 2 cm long  × 0.3-1.5 cm wide, sessile, attachment to substrate with narrow connective; surface dark brown to blackish-brown, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds, carbonaceous immediately beneath surface; tissue between and beneath perithecia black to dark brown. Perithecia obovoid to cylindrical, 0.5-0.8 mm high  × 0.3-0.5 mm wide. Ostioles papillate to coarsely papillate. Asci cylindrical, with amyloid, urn-shaped apical apparatus, 2-3  µm high  × 1.5-2  µm wide, stipe up to 100  µm long, spore-bearing part 70-80  × 7-10  µm . Ascospores smooth, unicellular, brown to dark brown, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 9.5-13(-14)  × 4.5-6.5  µm , with straight germ slit spore-length on flattened side; perispore indehiscent in 10% KOH. </p>
            <p>Specimen examined.</p>
            <p> Iran, Guilan Province, Rezvanshahr County, 37°37'52"N, 40°02'18"E, 7 m elev., on fallen branch of  Quercus castaneifolia , 6 October 2016, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1626), ITS and LSU sequences GenBank OP352258 and OP352270, respectively. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Nemania diffusa , originally described from England (Sowerby 1803), is a widespread and fairly common species in Europe (Fournier et al. 2018). It has also been reported from North and South America (Petrini and Rogers 1986), Papua-New Guinea (Van der Gucht 1995) and Taiwan (Ju and Rogers 1999), but it has yet to be proven whether all these morphologically identified accessions are conspecific with the European ones. The Iranian specimen is in accordance with previous descriptions by Ju and Rogers (2002). It can be differentiated from  N. albocincta by its larger ascospores [9.5-13.5  × (4.5-)5-6 vs. 8-10  × 4-5  µm ], which are also more equilateral.  Nemania obscura also differs from it in stromatal features and smaller, strongly inequilateral ascospores (8.2-9.4  × 4.5-5.3  µm ) with subacute ends. Despite several attempts, we could not achieve a living culture. Therefore, to confirm our morphological species identification, we extracted DNA from stromata and performed PCR (ITS/LSU) and sequencing according to Pourmoghaddam et al. (2018). The ITS sequence of the Iranian collection (OP352258) is completely identical to numerous sequences of European accessions of  N. diffusa , some of which are morphologically well-documented to represent the species (e.g. MW489542 from Switzerland; Senn-Irlet et al. 2021), confirming the species identification. However, as RPB2 and TUB2 could not be obtained, the Iranian accession of  N. diffusa was not added to the phylogenetic multi-locus analyses. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3A1BE940A035B339EBDA0708C4B08A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad;Lambert, Christopher;Voglmayr, Hermann;Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar;Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard;Stadler, Marc	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad, Lambert, Christopher, Voglmayr, Hermann, Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Stadler, Marc (2022): Note on the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran. MycoKeys 93: 81-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148
6BE3E0DD9F56585FB7DB45865F5536D9.text	6BE3E0DD9F56585FB7DB45865F5536D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemania hyrcana Pourmoghaddam, Voglmayr & Khodaparast 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemania hyrcana Pourmoghaddam, Voglmayr &amp; Khodaparast sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 2, 3</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> Iran, Guilan Province, Astara County, Darband Forest, 38°21'26"N, 48°50'19"E, 17 m elev., on fallen branch of  Parrotia persica , 7 October 2017, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1628; living culture MUCL 57704). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet is derived from  “Hyrcania” , an ancient biogeographical region, located in the south of the Caspian Sea where the specimens were collected. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> differs from  Nemania subaenea by its smaller ascospores [12-16  × 4.5-6 vs. 14-17.5  × 6-7.5  µm ]. </p>
            <p>Teleomorph.</p>
            <p> Stromata superficial, effused-pulvinate, up to 2.5 cm long, 0.2-1.4 cm wide, sessile, attachment to substrate with narrow connective; surface brown, dark brown, dark grey with a slightly shiny metallic tone, with conspicuous perithecial mounds; carbonaceous tissue immediately beneath the surface and between the perithecia; tissue beneath the perithecial layer conspicuous. Perithecia obovoid to spherical, 0.5-0.7 mm high  × 0.4-0.6 mm wide; ostioles papillate to coarsely papillate. Asci cylindrical, with amyloid, urn-shaped apical apparatus, 3.5-4  µm high  × 2.5-3  µm wide, stipe up to 130  µm long, spore-bearing part 60-85  × 8-12  µm . Ascospores smooth, unicellular, pale brown to brown, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, 12-16  × 4.5-6  µm , with straight germ slit much less than spore-length on dorsal side; perispore indehiscent in 10% KOH. </p>
            <p>Cultures and anamorph.</p>
            <p> Colonies on OA covering a 9 cm Petri dish in 2 wk, at first white, becoming buff (45), felty, azonate; finally, attaining cream to grey after 50 days. Anamorph geniculosporium-like. Conidiophores variables in length, hyaline to light brown. Conidiogenous cells up to 50  × 2.5-3.5  µm , hyaline to light brown. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid with truncate base, 3.5-6  × 2.5-3.5  µm (Fig. 3). </p>
            <p>Other specimen examined.</p>
            <p>Iran, Golestan Province, Aliabad-e-Katul County, Kaboudwall Forest, 36°52'25"N, 54°53'14"E, 1076 m elev., on dead branches (host unknown), 10 November 2017, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1627; living culture MUCL 57703, IRAN 3734C).</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  Nemania subaenea (Fig. 4), which was erected based on a single specimen from Guyana by Ju and Rogers (2002). Later, Fournier et al. (2018) reported it from Martinique and also mentioned  N. plumbea , another single-specimen-based species from Thailand (Tang et al. 2007), which differs from  N. subaenea only in the stromatal surface colour and in having slightly smaller ascospores (Tang et al. 2007). However, neither Ju and Rogers (2002) nor Fournier et al. (2018), who proposed that  N. plumbea should be regarded as a synonym of  N. subaenea , studied the cultures and anamorph of the neotropical species. The type of  N. plumbea , on the other hand, was cultured and DNA sequences are available for comparison with the Iranian species. A comparison of these sequence data revealed significant differences between the two Iranian strains of  N. hyrcana (MUCL 57703/ MUCL 57704) and the ex-type strain of  N. plumbea (29/31 bp differences of 494 nucleotide characters in the ITS: 19/20 substitutions, 10/11 indels; 2 bp differences of 764 nucleotide characters in the LSU: 2 substitutions; 27 bp differences of 884 nucleotide characters in the RPB2: 28/27 substitutions; and 319/321 bp differences of 1422 nucleotide characters in the TUB2: 279/282 substitutions, 40/39 indels). This supports the erection of a new species for the Iranian fungus, for which multiple specimens and two cultures are available. Even if  N. plumbea is not regarded as a synonym of  N. subaenea , it should be kept in mind that both taxa are derived from tropical areas that are far away from Iran. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BE3E0DD9F56585FB7DB45865F5536D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad;Lambert, Christopher;Voglmayr, Hermann;Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar;Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard;Stadler, Marc	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad, Lambert, Christopher, Voglmayr, Hermann, Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Stadler, Marc (2022): Note on the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran. MycoKeys 93: 81-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148
A3BEBF11E1085C1980A3DD0A7DCAC3D6.text	A3BEBF11E1085C1980A3DD0A7DCAC3D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemania serpens (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 516 1821	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemania serpens (Pers.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. (London) 1: 516 (1821).</p>
            <p>Figs 5, 6</p>
            <p>Teleomorph.</p>
            <p> Stromata superficial, effused-pulvinate, up to 4 cm long  × 0.2-1.2 cm wide, sessile, attachment to substrate with strong connective; surface dark brown to black, with conspicuous perithecial mounds, carbonaceous immediately beneath surface; tissue between and beneath perithecia black to dark brown. Perithecia obovoid, 0.35-0.65 mm high  × 0.25-0.4 mm wide, ostioles papillate to coarsely papillate. Asci cylindrical, stipe up to 130  µm long, spore-bearing part 55-70  × 7-9  µm , apical apparatus not bluing in  Melzer’s reagent, dextrinoid (= red to red brown) in  Lugol’s solution. Ascospores smooth, unicellular, pale brown to brown, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly or broadly rounded ends, 10-14  × 4-5(-6)  µm , with straight germ slit much less than spore-length; perispore indehiscent in 10% KOH. </p>
            <p>Cultures and anamorph.</p>
            <p> Colonies on OA covering a 9 cm Petri dish in 18 days, at first white becoming Vinaceous (57), felty, azonate; finally, attaining Amber (47) to Honey (64) after 50 days. Anamorph geniculosporium-like. Conidiophores variables in length, hyaline to light brown. Conidiogenous cells up to 60  × 2.5-3.2  µm , hyaline to light brown. Conidia hyaline, ellipsoid with truncate base, 3-4.8  × 2-3.5  µm (Fig. 6). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.862526/lat 38.384445)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.862526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.384445">Iran</a>
                 , Mazandaran Province, Ramsar County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 48.862526/lat 38.384445)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=48.862526&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.384445">Safarud Forest</a>
                 , 36°53'49"N, 50°35'29"E, 815 m elev., on fallen branch of  Parrotia persica , 29 October 2016, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1625; living culture MUCL 57702, IRAN 3735C); Guilan Province, Astara County, 38°23'04"N, 48°51'45.10"E, 1 m elev., on fallen branch of  Parrotia persica , 22 October 2021, leg. M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1903)  . 
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            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> Nemania serpens is a very common fungus in Europe (Petrini and Rogers 1986; http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/, accessed 8 Aug 2022). In combination with pale olive brown ascospores with broadly rounded ends and with a short inconspicuous germ slit,  N. serpens is characterised by a dextrinoid reaction of the ascal apical apparatus in  Lugol’s solution, while it does not react in  Melzer’s reagent, which is an exceptional combination within  Nemania (Granmo et al. 1999; http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/, accessed 8 Aug 2022). Most of the characters of the Iranian specimens are in accordance with the neotype specimen (Fig. 7; Ju and Rogers 2002), aside from insignificant variations in the size of ascospores. We studied the neotype material and did not observe a conspicuous ascal apical apparatus as described by Ju and Rogers (2002). Morphological species identification of the Iranian specimens is corroborated by the ITS sequence data, as the Iranian and the ex-neotype sequence of  N. serpens are almost identical (3 substitutions, 3 gaps). Finally, we would like to mention that, for the neotype specimen, Daranagama et al. (2018) erroneously described the ascal apical apparatus as bluing (I+) in  Melzer’s reagent, while their fig. 7h clearly shows a not bluing (I-) ascal apical apparatus. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3BEBF11E1085C1980A3DD0A7DCAC3D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad;Lambert, Christopher;Voglmayr, Hermann;Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar;Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard;Stadler, Marc	Pourmoghaddam, Mohammad Javad, Lambert, Christopher, Voglmayr, Hermann, Khodaparast, Seyed Akbar, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Stadler, Marc (2022): Note on the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae) - first records and a new species of the genus from Iran. MycoKeys 93: 81-105, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.93.94148
