identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3E9A836F7D0F594AB3F0259B6D80B1CE.text	3E9A836F7D0F594AB3F0259B6D80B1CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis buehrnheimi Bento, Jameson & Seidel 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis buehrnheimi Bento, Jameson &amp; Seidel sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3A-G, 4A-D, 5A-C, 12</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p> (1 male, 1 female). Holotype male deposited at CZPB, labeled: "BRASIL, Amazonas, Coari, / rio Urucu, LUC - 09, 4°51'56"S, 65°04'56"W, / 25/I-10/II/1995, P. F. /  Bührnheim et al col." (white, printed) //  “à luz mista / de  mercúrio” (white, printed) // "HOLOTYPE / Macraspis buehrn-/ heimi Bento, Jameson, / Seidel, 2022 / M. Bento, det. 2022. Paratype: same data as holotype (1 ♀, CZPB). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia are required for identification: lateral articular areas of tectum pointed and strongly projected distally (Fig. 3E); paramera in dorsal view slightly constricted medially, with middle portion almost as wide as apical portion (Fig. 3E); apex of paramera in caudal view obtusely triangulate, with a strong median tooth (Fig. 3F, G).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Holotype male (Fig. 3A, B, E-G). Length 10.6 mm, width 5.9 mm. Body rounded-oval. Coloration. Head, elytra, and scutellar shield shiny green, with brownish reflections. Pronotum shiny green, anterolateral areas with brownish reflection, and posterolateral areas with yellow maculae laterally extending to anterior margins. Pygidium and venter shiny green with strong brownish reflections. Head. Vertex sparsely punctate on disc, laterally punctostriate. Frons with slight V-shaped depression, moderately punctate, punctures moderate and deep. Interocular width 3.7 times wider than transverse eye diameter. Clypeus confluently punctate, with anterior margin subtrapezoidal, slightly raised medially. Mandible with outer teeth strongly raised, outer margin slightly curved near base. Pronotum shallowly and sparsely punctate on disc, punctures small and shallow; anterolaterally punctostriate, punctures large and deep. Scutellar shield moderately punctate, longer than elytral suture. Elytra 2 times longer than mid-width, moderately punctate, punctuations large and shallow. Posthumeral depression well developed laterally. Apical umbone wide and poorly defined. Pygidium strongly convex, with weak and concentric sculpturing, slightly effaced posteriorly. Venter glabrous, moderately punctate. Mesometaventral process anteriorly directed between procoxae, ventrally flat, with apex abruptly acute in anteroventral view. Mesepimera partially exposed in dorsal view, strongly convex and transversally ridged. Legs. Protibia externally tridentate, with proximal tooth well defined and acute. Protarsomere V longer than protarsomeres I-IV combined. Anterior protarsal claw enlarged, unequally bifid and obliquely truncated. Mesotibia with internal margin straight, with inner apex not dilated. Mesotarsomere IV with ventroapical projection well developed, thickened and ventrally swollen. Abdomen with ventrite 6 broadly and slightly emarginated posteriorly. Aedeagus (Fig. 3E-G). Tectum abruptly narrowed towards the apical edge, with lateral articular areas pointed and strongly projected distally. Paramera in dorsal view slightly constricted medially, with middle portion almost as wide as apical portion; apex in caudal view triangulated with a strong median tooth, strongly deflected ventrally. Endophallus (Fig. 4A-D) divided into three portions: one narrow, tube-shaped basal portion; one wide, sac-shaped medial portion; and one hairy, slender apical portion (partially lost in Fig. 4A, B, D). Proximal portion distally hairy; V-shaped sclerite with thin, long arms; and temones large, fused into a single sclerite with a mediolongitudinal carina. Medial portion with a broad ventral raspula and a small dorsomedial raspula bearing moderately dense, thin-walled asperites; a dorsodistal raspula bearing multiple, irregular, and dense rows of thick-walled asperites; and a large, triangular lateral sclerite, with distal edge thick and slightly raised.</p>
            <p>Paratype (1 female) (Fig. 3C, D). Length 11.2 mm. Width 6.3 mm. The female differs from male by the more robust and more convex body; interocular width 4.2 times wider than transverse eye diameter; clypeus longer, with anterior margin narrower and more raised; pygidium plano-convex; protibia with outer teeth stronger and apically rounded; Mesotarsomere IV with a short ventroapical projection straight and pointed; and abdominal ventrite 6 not emarginated. External genitalia (Fig. 5A-C). Gonocoxites dark brown, strongly sclerotized and moderately setose apically, setae moderately long. Proximal gonocoxites rugostriate and large, as long as wide, overlapping the distal gonocoxites; inner margin abruptly deflected to apex narrow. Distal gonocoxites with inner margin curved and apex narrowly rounded.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> This species is named after the Brazilian zoologist Paulo Friederich  Bührnheim (1937-2001), who greatly contributed to education and research in Amazonas state, Brazil. In addition, he founded the insect collection at the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) and collected the type series of this species. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>(Fig. 12). Brazil (2). Amazonas: Coari.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Macraspis buehrnheimi sp. nov. has the same color pattern as  M. lateralis (Olivier, 1789),  M. fernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014, and  M. phallocardia sp. nov. These species are only separated by careful comparison of male genitalia. The male aedeagus of  M. buehrnheimi is most similar to that of  M. fernandezi (unknown female) in that both have paramera apically dilated. Other characters that serve to separate  M. buehrnheimi and  M. fernandezi are (characters of  M. fernandezi given in parenthesis): tectum abruptly narrowed towards the apical edge, with lateral articular areas pointed and strongly projected distally (tectum evenly narrowed towards the apical edge, with lateral articular areas truncated and weakly projected distally (Fig. 3H )); paramera in dorsal view slightly constricted medially, with middle portion almost as wide as apical portion (paramera in dorsal view strongly constricted medially, with middle portion narrower than half the apical portion (Fig. 3H, I )); apex of paramera in caudal view triangulated, with a strong median tooth (apex in caudal view oblong-oval, with a weak median tooth (Fig. 3I )). </p>
            <p> There are no reliable means to distinguish the female of  M. buehrnheimi sp. nov. from that of  M. phallocardia sp. nov. based on external morphology. Analysis of the external genitalia showed conspicuous differences in the proximal and distal portions of the gonocoxites of these species (compare Fig. 5A, B to Fig. 5D, E). However, the scarce number of specimens prevented us from assessing intraspecific variation in these structures, which need further morphological examination within the genus. Females of these species should be reliably identified when collected with associated males. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E9A836F7D0F594AB3F0259B6D80B1CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
6209BC0395425304AE0FD2B0C1AA67E9.text	6209BC0395425304AE0FD2B0C1AA67E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis fernandezi Neita-Moreno 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis fernandezi Neita-Moreno, 2014</p>
            <p>Figs 1O, 3H-J, 4E-G, 12</p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype male deposited at IAVH, labeled: "COLOMBIA, Meta, PNN / La Macarena San Juan de / Arama 03°20'47"N, 73°53'22"W  Caño La Curia / 580 m Bos. Galeria 13.iii.1986 / F.  Fernández leg." (white, printed; duplicated label) // " Macraspis fernandezi / Neita-Moreno 2014 " (white, printed) // "HOLOTIPO / Macraspis fernandezi / Neita-Moreno, 2014" (red, printed) // "Instituto Humboldt / Colombia / IAvH-E-88479" (white, printed with added QR-code). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined</p>
            <p> (2 males).   Brazil, Roraima,  Caracaraí ,  Parque Nacional da Serra da Mocidade , 15-26.I.2016, F. F. Xavier, R. Boldrini, &amp; P. Barroso (legs.) (♂, INPA)  ;   Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus,  Fazenda Dimona - PDBFF, 19.VIII.2000, R. Andreazze (leg.) (♂, INPA)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>(Fig. 12). Colombia (1). Meta (Neita-Moreno 2014). Brazil (2). Roraima, Amazonas.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species was described based on a single male specimen from Colombia (Neita-Moreno 2014). Herein, two additional specimens of  M. fernandezi from Roraima and Amazonas states are recorded for the first time from Brazil (new country record). Further comparison to the holotype male showed that the paramera of Brazilian specimens are slightly narrower at middle, but they do not differ in the lateral articular areas of the tectum. The male endophallus (Fig. 4E-H) of the two Brazilian specimens were inflated and showed no conspicuous intraspecific differences. Female specimens of this species have not been described. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6209BC0395425304AE0FD2B0C1AA67E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
F08D8D808CF25F469A361D04E7FB1650.text	F08D8D808CF25F469A361D04E7FB1650.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis lateralis (Olivier 1789)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis lateralis (Olivier, 1789)</p>
            <p>Figs 6A-D, 7A-E, 10H-J, 11A-D, 12</p>
            <p> Cetonia lateralis Olivier, 1789: 80. </p>
            <p> Cetonia virens Fabricius, 1801: 141. Junior subjective synonym by Burmeister (1844: 350). </p>
            <p> Macraspis lateralis var. cincticollis Ohaus, 1898: 52. Junior subjective synonym by Machatschke (1972: 71). </p>
            <p> Macraspis lateralis var. immaculata Ohaus, 1898: 52. Junior subjective synonym by Machatschke (1972: 71). </p>
            <p>Type material examined.</p>
            <p> Neotype male (Fig. 6) deposited at MNHN, labeled: "Guyane  franç . / Passoura / E.LeMoult 1905.6 //  Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R.  Oberthür / 1952 // NEOTYPE / Cetonia / lateralis Ol. / M. SOULA det // MNHN / EC1215" (http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ec/ec1215). Images of the male aedeagus provided by Jhon  César Neita Moreno and  Julián Clavijo-Bustos (IAVH). Holotype female of Cetonia virens (Fig. 7) deposited at ZMUK, labeled: "Essequibo. / Smidt. / Mus: J: Lund. / Lateralis / Cetonia Oliv. / virens. F." (white, handwritten) //  “TYPE” (red, printed) // "ZMUKFabricius / 002261" (white, printed with QR code) // "zmuc / 00031432" (white, printed). </p>
            <p>Non-type material examined</p>
            <p> (2 males, 2 females). Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 21.II.1978, Jorge Arias (leg.) (♀, INPA); idem, but no date and collector (♂, INPA); idem, but campus UA, 07.III.2005, Herbert &amp; Marcos Pantoja (legs.) (♂, INPA); Brazil,  Pará ,  Santarém , I.1922, J. F.  Zikán Coll. (♀, CEIOC). </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> (Fig. 12). Suriname (Hielkema and Hielkema 2019). French Guiana. Guiana. Venezuela (Soula 1998, 2002, 2005). Brazil. Amazonas,  Pará (Ohaus 1898; present paper). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Fabricius (1801) described  Cetonia virens from "America Meridionali" (= South America). This species was synonymized under  M. lateralis by Burmeister (1844), and the synonymy was maintained by Soula (2003) without any additional statements. One of us (MS) located and examined the female holotype of  C. virens at ZMUK (Fig. 7A-E). Inspection of the label, which was never been completely transcribed, revealed additional, important information. The word  “Essequibo” (Guiana), which was omitted from the original description and all treatments of this species, allowed us to ascertain that the type locality was from Guiana. The female holotype is not associated with male specimens so it cannot be reliably identified. However, because the distribution of  C. virens lies within the known range of  M. lateralis in the Guiana Shield, we maintain the synonymy. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F08D8D808CF25F469A361D04E7FB1650	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
6588A24D1B2659B9ADD46C0850DDA833.text	6588A24D1B2659B9ADD46C0850DDA833.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis maculata Burmeister 1844	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis maculata Burmeister, 1844</p>
            <p>Figs 2E, 8A-D, 9I-M, 12</p>
            <p> Macraspis maculata Burmeister, 1844: 351 (original description); Lucas 1857: 124, pl. 7 fig. 6; Ohaus 1898: 52; 1918: 55; 1934: 154; Blackwelder 1944: 242; Machatschke 1972: 71; Soula 1998: 37; 2003: 39; Krajcik 2007: 80;  Brûlé et al. 2014: 182; Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 199; Hielkema and Hielkema 2019: 143. </p>
            <p> Macraspis maculata crosarai Soula, 1998: 38 (original description); Soula 2003: 39; Krajcik 2007: 80. Syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Type material examined</p>
            <p> (2 males, 1 female). Lectotype male of  Macraspis maculata (designated by Soula, 1998) deposited at MLUH, labeled: "maculata / Dej. / Bras. Coll. (green, handwritten) // LECTOTYPE ♂ / Macraspis / maculata B. / M. Soula 1994". Holotype male of  Macraspis maculata crosarai Soula deposited at MNHN, labeled:  “BRÉSIL /  ÉT . DE GOYAZ / JATAHY / PUJOL, 12-97; 1-98" (white, printed) // "HOLOTYPE / Macraspis / maculata / crosarai / So. / M. Soula det." (red, printed and handwritten). Paratype female of  M. maculata crosarai at MNHN, labeled: "Jathay /  État de Goyaz / Ch. Pujol 1895-96" (white, printed) //  “Muséum Paris / ex Coll. / R.  Oberthür / 1952" (bluish white, printed) // "MACRASPIS / maculata Bu / Soula det." (white, printed) // "ALLOTYPE / Macraspis / maculata / crosarai / So. / M. Soula det." (red, printed) // " MNHN / EC10776" (white, printed). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined</p>
            <p> (18 males, 13 females).   Brazil, Bahia,  Prado , 05.III.1971, C. Elias (leg.) (♀, DZUP)  ;   Brazil,  Espírito Santo,  Conceicao
da Barra
 , 04.X.1969, C. T. &amp; C. Elias (legs.) (♂, ♀, DZUP); idem, but 26.IX.1968 (2♂, ♀, DZUP); idem, but 19-25.XI.1968 (♂, ♀, DZUP)  ;   Brazil,  Espírito Santo, Linhares, X.1965 (♂, DZUP); idem, but XI.1965 (♀, DZUP); idem, but no date (♂, DZUP); idem, but XI.1966, A. Maller (leg.) (♂, ♀, DZUP); idem, but  Rio Itabapoana , 26.X.1906, J. F.  Zikán Coll. (♀, CEIOC)  ;   Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,  Corcovado , XII.1961, Seabra &amp; Alvarenga (legs.) (♀, DZUP)  ;   Brazil, Minas Gerais,  
Rio 
Jose
Pedro
 , 28.XI.1926, J. F.  Zikán Coll. (♀, CEIOC)  ;  Brazil, Tris. [= Trisanga (= Irisanga)], N.8 (3♂, NHMW) . </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> (Fig. 12). Brazil.  São Paulo (Irisanga =  Oriçanga ; Burmeister 1844), Rio de Janeiro,  Goiás (Soula 1998, 2003), Bahia,  Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais (new state records). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Macraspis maculata has been recorded from the Brazilian Amazon (Ohaus 1918, 1934; Machatschke 1972;  Brûlé et al. 2014) but similarities with other species have posed problems with identification. In his treatment for  M. maculata , Soula (1998) considered the species to be widely distributed, and he justified the creation of related taxa because:  “… some populations that are more geographically isolated are already genetically isolated enough to describe subspecies (or even new species ...)" (translated from French). Soula (1998, 2003) restricted  M. maculata maculata to Brazilian Atlantic Forest and described  M. maculata crosarai from Brazilian Cerrado (distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies by means of coloration). Influenced by Antonio  Martínez’s identification labels, Soula (1998) described  M. martinezi and compared it with  M. maculata (perhaps constituting one of  Soula’s "genetically isolated" populations of  M. maculata ). He included three subspecies,  M. martinezi auzerali ,  M. martinezi curoei Soula, 1998, and  M. martinezi colombica Soula, 1998, all of which are distributed in the Amazon biome (only the first subspecies is known from the Brazilian Amazon) and similar to  M. maculata in coloration, form, and genitalic form. The validity of  M. martinezi and its subspecies-complex requires evaluation in future studies. Examination of the primary types of  M. maculata maculata (Fig. 8A-D) and  M. maculata crosarai (Fig. 8E-H) revealed no conspicuous differences between these taxa. Based on this examination, we synonymize  M. maculata crosarai with the nominotypical  M. maculata . Now,  M. maculata no longer includes subspecies. Therefore, although the taxon has been recorded to the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana by past authors (Ohaus 1918, 1934; Machatschke 1972;  Brûlé et al. 2014),  M. maculata is treated sensu Soula (1998, 2003) in this paper and considered to be distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado and Atlantic Forest rather than the Brazilian Amazon region. For this reason, this species was excluded from the key provided here. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6588A24D1B2659B9ADD46C0850DDA833	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
DE103152DEDE5E5BB5852C0B156C4700.text	DE103152DEDE5E5BB5852C0B156C4700.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis oblonga Burmeister 1844	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis oblonga Burmeister, 1844</p>
            <p>Figs 1H, 2A, G, 12</p>
            <p> Macraspis oblonga Burmeister, 1844: 359 (original description); Ohaus 1898: 51; 1918: 56; 1934: 154; Blackwelder 1944: 242; Machatschke 1972: 73; Soula 1998: 48, 111; 2003: 47; Krajcik 2007: 81; Hielkema and Hielkema 2019: 144. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> (4 females).   Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus,  Fazenda Esteio , 30.VIII.1984, R. C. Klein (leg.) (♀, INPA)  ;   Brazil, Amazonas, BR-174  Km 18, 11.VIII.1980, C. Fonseca &amp; E.  Bindá (legs.) (♀, INPA)  ;   Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus,  Reserva Ducke , 14.VIII.1969, A. Faustino (leg.) (♀, INPA)  ;   Brazil, Amazonas,  Presidente Figueiredo , 21.IX.1992, Aquino (leg.) (♀, INPA)  . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Suriname (Hielkema and Hielkema 2019). French Guiana (Soula 1998). Brazil (Fig. 12). Amazonas (present paper).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is sympatric with  M. olivieri , and both have a very similar color pattern. However,  M. oblonga is easily distinguished from  M. olivieri by (characters of  M. olivieri given in parenthesis): clypeal apex rugopunctate, with anterior margin strongly raised and subtruncated (Fig. 2A) (clypeal apex densely punctate, with anterior margin weakly raised and rounded (Fig. 2B )); scutellar shield shorter than elytral suture (longer); internoapical lobe of mesotibia weakly developed and barely defined (Fig. 1H) (strongly developed and well defined); posterior margin of pygidium narrowly rounded at middle (Fig. 2G) (evenly rounded). This is the first record of  M. oblonga in Brazil (new country record) based on female specimens collected in Amazonas state. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE103152DEDE5E5BB5852C0B156C4700	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
0861E88ABE06553BBFB62F743A10BB46.text	0861E88ABE06553BBFB62F743A10BB46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis opala Bento, Jameson, Seidel 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis opala Bento, Jameson, Seidel sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 9A-H, 12</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p> (2 males). Holotype male deposited at DZUP, labeled: "Brasil -  Pará / Itaituba / Rio  Tapajós” (white, printed) (verse: "RU / 65 ♂. / 2.65." (handwritten)) // " DZUP/530613" (white, printed) // "HOLOTYPE / Macraspis opala / Bento, Jameson, Seidel, / 2022 / M. Bento, det. 2022". Paratype male, labeled: "Brasil.  Rondônia - UHE / Samuel - Canteiro de / obras. 07-08/XI/1986 / J. C. Costa e Z. F. Silva, col." (white, handwritten) (CZPB). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Apex of pygidium smooth (Fig. 9C); metatarsomere IV with ventroapical projection short and apex acute; apical edge of tectum wider than base of paramera, with lateral articular areas horizontally rotated (Fig. 9E-H); paramera strongly declivous laterally, with sides inconspicuous in caudal view and strongly excavated medially (Fig. 9F-H).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Holotype male (Fig. 9A-G). Length 9.7 mm, width 5.6 mm. Body rounded-oval. Coloration. General color copper with green or red reflections. Head, pronotum, and scutellar shield with strong green reflections. Pronotum with yellow posterolateral maculae effaced. Elytra brownish copper, with two median yellow maculae somewhat effaced. Pygidium and venter with color more diffuse than dorsal surface. Head. Vertex sparsely punctate at disc, laterally punctostriate. Frons with slight V-shaped depression, densely punctate, punctures large. Interocular width 4.2 times wider than transverse eye diameter. Clypeus confluently punctate, with anterior margin subtrapezoidal, slightly raised medially. Pronotum shallowly and sparsely punctate at disc, with slight anterolateral depression densely punctate at lateral corner, punctures moderate and deep. Scutellar shield moderately punctate, longer than elytral suture. Elytra 1.8 times longer than mid-width, moderately punctate, punctuations moderate and shallow. Posthumeral depression weak. Apical umbone wide and well defined. Pygidium (Fig. 9C) strongly convex and apically smooth. Venter glabrous, moderately punctate. Mesometaventral process anteriorly directed between procoxae, ventrally flat, with apex abruptly acute in anteroventral view. Mesepimera partially exposed in dorsal view, slightly convex and transversally ridged. Legs. Protibia strongly tridentate externally, with proximal tooth well defined and pointed. Protarsomere V longer than protarsomeres I-IV combined. Anterior protarsal claw enlarged, unequally cleft and obliquely truncated. Mesotibia with internal margin straight, with inner apex not dilated. Mesotarsomere IV with ventroapical projection well developed, thickened and ventrally curved. Metatarsomere IV with spine-like ventroapical projection short and pointed. Abdomen with ventrite 6 broadly and slightly emarginated posteriorly. Spiculum gastrale (Fig. 9D) Y-shaped with proximal arms short and distal stem slender, about 2.8 times longer than arm length. Aedeagus (Fig. 9E-G). Tectum broadly curved laterally, not narrowed towards the apical third; apical edge wider than base of paramera, with lateral articular areas horizontally rotated. Paramera strongly declivous laterally, with sides inconspicuous in caudal view and strongly excavated medially to form a laterolongitudinal carina.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Paratype (1 male). The male paratype differs from holotype by the general coloration darker with stronger green reflections and elytra without yellow maculae; paramera slightly narrower, with lateral margins parallel and apex slightly more rounded (Fig. 9H).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word ' opalus ' (= precious stone) in reference to opal gemstone, alluding to the metallic, multicolor cuticular surface.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> (Fig. 12). Brazil (2).  Pará : Itaituba,  Rondônia : Candeias do Jamari. The two male specimens composing the type series were collected within the  Madeira-Tapajós interfluvium. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is quite similar to  Macraspis maculata Burmeister, 1844. However,  M. opala sp. nov. has a slightly smaller body size and is distinguished from  M. maculata by (characters of  M. maculata given in parenthesis): apex of pygidium smooth, without sculpturing (apex of pygidium with strong and concentric sculpturing (Fig. 9M )); metatarsomere IV with ventroapical projection short and pointed (metatarsomere IV with ventroapical projection thickened and truncated); tectum broadly curved laterally, apical edge wider than base of paramera, with lateral articular areas horizontally rotated (tectum laterally narrowed towards the apical third, apical edge as narrow as base of paramera, with lateral articular area vertically positioned (Fig. 9J-L )); paramera strongly declivous laterally, with sides inconspicuous in caudal view and strongly excavated medially to form a laterolongitudinal carina (paramera slightly declivous laterally, with sides conspicuous in caudal view and weakly excavated apically (Fig. 9K, L )). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0861E88ABE06553BBFB62F743A10BB46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
1DFAB3780AE1562E85F89A42ED723B33.text	1DFAB3780AE1562E85F89A42ED723B33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macraspis phallocardia Bento, Jameson, Seidel 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Macraspis phallocardia Bento, Jameson, Seidel sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 1L, 5D-G, 10A-G, 11E-H, 12</p>
            <p>Type material</p>
            <p> (4 males, 14 females). Holotype male deposited at DZUP, labeled: "Ouro Preto /  d’Oeste , RO / 29-X-1987 / C. Elias, leg" (white, printed) // "Projeto Po / -lonoroeste" (white, printed) // " DZUP / 530600" (white, printed) // "HOLOTYPE / M. phallocardia / M. Bento, det. 2019". Paratypes. Same data as holotype, but 05.IX.1987 (2 ♀, DZUP), 12.IX.1987 (♀, DZUP), 20.IX.1987 (♂, CEMT, ♀, DZUP), 27.IX.1987 (♀, CEMT, ♂, DZUP), 10.X.1987 (♂, INPA, 2 ♀, DZUP), 18.X.1987 (♀, INPA, 2 ♀, DZUP), 13.XI.1987 (2 ♀, DZUP), 19.VIII.1987 (♀, DZUP), 03.X.1987 (♀, DZUP). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Male: lateral articular areas of tectum thickened and deflected outward (Fig. 10E); paramera in caudal view rounded-oval, with apex rounded to slightly constricted and sides not declivous (Fig. 10F). Female: Females of this species are diagnosed in association with male specimens.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male holotype (Fig. 10A, B, E-G). Length 11.3 mm, width 6.1 mm. Body rounded-oval. Coloration. General color shiny green with brownish reflections. Pronotum with posterolateral yellow maculae laterally extending to anterior margins. Head. Vertex sparsely punctate at disc, laterally punctostriate. Frons with slight V-shaped depression, densely punctate, punctures moderate and deep. Interocular width 4 times wider than transverse eye diameter. Clypeus confluently punctate, with anterior margin subtrapezoidal, slightly raised medially. Pronotum shallowly and sparsely punctate at disc and moderately punctate anterolaterally, punctures moderate and deep. Scutellar shield moderately punctate, longer than elytral suture. Elytra 2.3 times longer than wide, moderately punctate, punctures large. Posthumeral depression weak. Apical umbone wide and poorly defined. Pygidium strongly convex, with concentric sculpturing and moderately punctate posteriorly. Venter glabrous, moderately punctate. Mesometaventral process anteriorly directed between procoxae, ventrally flat, with apex abruptly acute in anteroventral view. Mesepimera partially exposed in dorsal view, slightly convex and transversally ridged. Legs. Protibia externally tridentate, with proximal tooth well defined. Protarsomere V enlarged, longer than protarsomeres I-IV combined. Anterior protarsal claw enlarged, unequally cleft and obliquely truncated. Mesotibia with internal margin straight, with inner apex not dilated. Mesotarsomere IV with ventroapical projection well developed, thickened and ventrally curved. Abdomen with ventrite 6 broadly and slightly emarginated posteriorly. Aedeagus (Fig. 10E-G). Tectum moderately narrowed towards the apical edge, with lateral articular areas thickened and deflected outward. Paramera in caudal view rounded-oval, with apex parabolic and sides not declivous. Endophallus (Fig. 11E-H) divided into three portions: one narrow, tube-shaped basal portion; one wide, sac-shaped medial portion; and one hairy, slender apical portion. Medial portion with a large ventral raspula and a small dorsoproximal raspula bearing dense, thin-walled asperites; a dorsodistal raspula bearing an irregular, dense multiple rows of thick-walled asperites; and a large and cultrate lateral sclerite, with proximal and distal edges thick and slightly raised.</p>
            <p>Paratypes (3 males, 14 females): male paratypes differ from holotype in length (10.7-11.7 mm), width (5.8-6.7 mm), and form of the apex of paramera (more round to slightly narrowed). Female paratypes (Fig. 10C, D). Length 10.8-11.8 mm, width 6-6.4 mm. The females differ from males by the clypeus longer, anteriorly narrower and more raised; pygidium plano-convex; protibia with outer teeth stronger and apically rounded; protarsomere V simple, with anterior claw unenlarged and equally cleft; inner metatibial spur apically rounded; Mesotarsomere IV with a ventroapical projection short and straight; and abdominal ventrite 6 not emarginated. External genitalia (Fig. 5D-F). Gonocoxites light brown, slightly sclerotized and moderately setose apically, setae moderately long. Proximal gonocoxites short and semicircular, wider than long, barely overlapping the distal gonocoxites; surface moderately punctate. Distal gonocoxites broadly rounded apically, with inner margin almost straight.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet is Greek for ' phallos ' (= penis) and ' kardia ' (= heart), refers to the heart-shaped male paramera of this species.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> (Fig. 12). Brazil (10).  Rondônia : Ouro Preto  d’Oeste . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species has the same color pattern as  M. buehrnheimi sp. nov.,  M. fernandezi , and  M. lateralis . The male genitalia of  M. phallocardia sp. nov. is more similar to that of  M. lateralis , but these species are differentiated by (characters of  M. lateralis given in parenthesis): tectum with lateral articular areas thickened and deflected outward (tectum with lateral articular areas compressed and straight; Fig. 10H); paramera in caudal view rounded-oval, with apex rounded to slightly constricted and sides not declivous (paramera in caudal view laterobasally projected backward, with sides slightly declivous and narrowly constricted apically; Fig. 10I); medial portion of endophallus with ventral and dorsoproximal raspulae (Fig. 11E-H), a dorsodistal raspula bearing dense and multiple rows of asperites (Fig. 11E), and a lateral sclerite with proximal and distal edges thin and slightly raised (Fig. 11F, G) (medial portion of endophallus without ventral raspulae, Fig. 11D; with a dorsodistal raspula bearing a sparse and simple row of asperites, Fig. 11A; and a lateral sclerite with medial edge raised and distal edge thickened and roundly protruding, Fig. 11B, C).  Macraspis phallocardia sp. nov. is apparently sympatric with  M. opala sp. nov., the type series of which was also collected in the  Madeira-Tapajós interfluvium. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1DFAB3780AE1562E85F89A42ED723B33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Bento, Matheus;Jameson, Mary Liz;Seidel, Matthias	Bento, Matheus, Jameson, Mary Liz, Seidel, Matthias (2022): New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil. ZooKeys 1124: 161-189, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156
