identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038B6F68AD374647FF1C9CFCD8D8FD88.text	038B6F68AD374647FF1C9CFCD8D8FD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudopoliosia Kruger 2015	<div><p>Genus Pseudopoliosia Krüger, 2015</p> <p>The genus Pseudopoliosia was established by Krüger (2015), with Poliosia nigrifrons Hampson, 1900 as the type species. Initially comprising four taxa, it has now been reduced to three species (without pulverosa) plus two herein newly described species (see checklist hereafter).</p> <p>The main autapomorphic character defining Pseudopoliosia is the ventrally concave vinculum in the male genitalia. Moreover, Krüger (2015) reports the “subapically notched dorsal part of the valvae” and the conspicuous processus distalis plicae, both conditions being observed in the two new species. Here we observe that the vesica of the aedeagus can contain cornuti, and we note the presence of at least one dimple-shaped signum on the corpus bursae of the female genitalia.</p> <p>The genus has an Afrotropical distribution (Nigeria and Uganda, in Krüger 2015). The two new species hereafter described enlarge the genus’ range to include Gabon. Both of them confirm the genus’ affinity with wet forested environments (see also Durante &amp; Panzera 2001: 469, Figs. 1–3, and Krüger 2015: 49).</p> <p>Checklist of Pseudopoliosia species (alphabetic order)</p> <p>- Pseudopoliosia aestuariensis Durante n. sp.</p> <p>- Pseudopoliosia conica Durante n. sp.</p> <p>- Pseudopoliosia danella (Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002)</p> <p>Pusiola danella Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002; Durante, M.A. &amp; Panzera, S. (2002) I Lepidotteri del Delta del Niger (quarto contributo) (Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). Lambillionea, 102 (2), 136.</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia danella (Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002); Krüger, M. (2015) Generic classification of Afrotropical footman moths sensu stricto (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini (partim)). Transvaal Museum Monograph, 15: 49. - Pseudopoliosia nigeriana (Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002)</p> <p>Pusiola nigeriana Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002; Durante, M.A. &amp; Panzera, S. (2002) I Lepidotteri del Delta del Niger (quarto contributo) (Arctiidae, Lithosiinae). Lambillionea, 102 (2): 137.</p> <p>Pusiola nigeriana Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002, synonymized with Pusiola nigrifrons (Hampson, 1900) by Kühne (2005).</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia nigeriana (Durante &amp; Panzera, 2002); Krüger, M. (2015) Generic classification ofAfrotropical footman moths sensu stricto (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini (partim)). Transvaal Museum Monograph, 15: 49. - Pseudopoliosia nigrifrons (Hampson, 1900), type species</p> <p>Poliosia nigrifrons Hampson, 1900; Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Arctiadae (Nolinae, Lithosianae). Vol. II. Trustees of the British Museum, London: 109.</p> <p>Pusiola nigrifrons (Hampson, 1900); Kühne L. (2005) Neue Taxa und Synonyne afrikanischer Arctiidae (Lepidoptera). Lambillionea, 105 (3): 490.</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia nigrifrons (Hampson, 1900); Krüger, M. (2015) Generic classification of Afrotropical footman moths sensu stricto (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini (partim)). Transvaal Museum Monograph, 15: 49.</p> <p>Key to Pseudopoliosia species (wings)</p> <p>(Figures in Table 1)</p> <p>The following key is to be considered tentative: although the wing colours seem quite stable within the species, many species are described on the basis of only one or very few specimens, leaving a degree of uncertainty regarding intraspecific variation.</p> <p>1. Forewing upperside ground colour different from hindwing ground colour........................................ 2</p> <p>- Upperside ground colour quite similar in fore- and hindwings.................................................. 3</p> <p>2(1). Forewings with costa straw yellow.................................................................. danella</p> <p>- Forewings with costa concolourous with upperside ground colour...................................... conica n.sp.</p> <p>3(1). Wing upperside ground colour grey-white........................................................... nigrifrons</p> <p>- Wing upperside ground colour from ivory to light brown...................................................... 4</p> <p>4(3) Wing upperside ground colour ivory (slightly darker and warmer than nigrifrons)....................... nigeriana n.sp.</p> <p>- Wing upperside ground colour light brown (slightly darker than nigeriana)......................... aestuariensis n.sp.</p> <p>Key to Pseudopoliosia species (male genitalia)</p> <p>(Figures in Table 1)</p> <p>1. Ala valvae with long S-shaped process (more than 1/3 of the total length of the ala valvae)........................... 2</p> <p>- Ala valvae process short (about 1/5 of the total length of the ala valvae), thorn-like................................. 3</p> <p>2(1). Aedeagus with cornutus........................................................................... danella</p> <p>- Aedeagus without cornutus............................................................... aestuariensis n.sp.</p> <p>3(1). Distal end of supravalva finger-like with sparse, fairly smooth setae............................................. 4 - Distal end of supravalva sub-oval with one margin (morphologically the dorsal one—see description) densely covered in thick setae and spines (arrows in Table 1)............................................................. conica n. sp.</p> <p>4(3). Distal process of the ala valva large, reinforced by a thick V-shaped crested sclerotization (arrow in Table 1)...... nigeriana</p> <p>- Distal process of the ala valva slender, with an X-shaped reinforcement (arrow in Table 1).................... nigrifrons</p> <p>Key to the species of Pseudopoliosia (female genitalia)</p> <p>(Figures in Table 1)</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia aestuariensis n. sp. and P. nigeriana are not included as the female is unknown.</p> <p>1. Bursa copulatrix with one dimple-shaped signum............................................................ 2</p> <p>- Bursa copulatrix with one double dimple-shaped signum........................................... conica n. sp.</p> <p>2(1). Ductus bursae short, highly sclerified.............................................................. nigrifrons</p> <p>- Ductus bursae long, membranous.................................................................... danella</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B6F68AD374647FF1C9CFCD8D8FD88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durante, Antonio;Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette	Durante, Antonio, Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette (2022): Sixth contribution to the study of the Lithosiini of Gabon: the genus Pseudopoliosia Krüger, 2015 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Zootaxa 5195 (6): 554-566, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.4
038B6F68AD314647FF1C98D0D867F819.text	038B6F68AD314647FF1C98D0D867F819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudopoliosia aestuariensis Durante & Apinda-Legnouo 2022	<div><p>Pseudopoliosia aestuariensis Durante n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 3A, 4)</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, GABON, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.277778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.45333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.277778/lat 0.45333332)">Kinguélé</a>, Monts de Cristal, 200 m asl, 0°27’12’’N 10°16’40’’E, 28/ 30-4-2019, Durante leg., g. sl. n. 1054 MAD; in coll. MSNS.</p> <p>Diagnosis (Table 1).</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia aestuariensis n. sp. differs from P. danella and P. conica n. sp. in having fore- and hindwings of the same colour, whereas in the latter two the forewings are lighter in colour than the hindwings. P. aestuariensis n. sp. is quite similar to other species of the genus, from which it can be clearly distinguished with reference to genitalia morphology: the S-shaped distal process of the ala valvae is not present in Pseudopoliosia conica n. sp., P. nigeriana or P. nigrifrons.</p> <p>On the other hand the male genitalia are very similar to those of P. danella, with respect to which P. aestuariensis can be diagnosed by the shape of the distal process on the ala valvae (S-shape more accentuated in P. danella —see Table 1, arrow), the shape of the processus basalis plicae (quadrangular in P. danella; papilla-shaped in P. aestuariensis n. sp.) and the absence of cornuti in the aedeagus (cornuti present in P. danella).</p> <p>Description. Wingspan ♂ 15 mm.</p> <p>Head frons and vertex, notum (including patagia and tegulae) all same colour as forewing upperside; frontoclypeus dark grey; antennae ciliated, dorsally same colour as vertex, ventrally unpigmented; labial palpi porrect, not extending beyond frons, as dark as frontoclypeus.</p> <p>Thoracic sternites as dark as forewing underside; legs same colour, but hind pair lighter; spurs formula 0-2- 4. Forewing upperside ground colour ivory, unmarked; costa with proximal 2/5 dark brown. Forewing underside brownish-grey with proximal half of costal area darker and distal half ivory. Hindwing upperside and underside same colour as forewing upperside. Fringes concolourous.</p> <p>Abdomen same colour as hindwings; eighth abdominal segment less than half as long as seventh, with anterior margin slightly sclerotized laterally and ventrally (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Genitalia. ♂. Uncus pointed, long and slender, bent backwards; tegumen short and slender, inverted-V-shaped in dorsal view with bulbous apex and slender pedunculi (sensu Diakonoff 1939); vinculum also slender, but more sclerotized than tegumen, with almost parallel arms and double saccus; juxta shield-shaped with triangular notch ventrally; apparently no valvellae. Valva about three times longer than wide (3.03 length:width ratio, see Fig. 4A); basis valvae dorsally extending mesad to meet each other and forming rod-like transtilla, ventrally tapering and touching each other. Ala valvae twice as wide as supravalva, distally tapering suddenly and ending with sturdy S-shaped process, distally slightly exceeding supravalva. Supravalva slender, digitiform, with costa S-shaped, protruding in large papilla-shaped sack-like processus distalis plicae in middle of valva (Fig. 4B). Aedeagus tubular, slender, ¾ length of ala valvae; caudal end with area covered by small imbricate sclerites (Fig. 4C); coecum penis absent, ductus seminalis inserted at anterior end; vesica globular, with scobination of tiny subconical granicula on left half (Fig. 4D) terminating cephalad with small double lobe.</p> <p>Etymology. The new species’ name derives from the Latin “aestuarium”, meaning estuary, and refers to the name of the Estuaire province in Gabon where the type locality is, in the Mont de Cristal National Park.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B6F68AD314647FF1C98D0D867F819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durante, Antonio;Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette	Durante, Antonio, Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette (2022): Sixth contribution to the study of the Lithosiini of Gabon: the genus Pseudopoliosia Krüger, 2015 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Zootaxa 5195 (6): 554-566, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.4
038B6F68AD324649FF1C9AE9DFFBF99B.text	038B6F68AD324649FF1C9AE9DFFBF99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudopoliosia conica Durante & Apinda-Legnouo 2022	<div><p>Pseudopoliosia conica Durante n. sp.</p> <p>(Figs. 3B, 3C, 5, 6)</p> <p>Holotype: ♂, GABON, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=9.335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5788889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 9.335/lat 0.5788889)">Mondah Forest</a> [near Libreville], 0 m asl, 0°34’44’’N 9°20’06’’E, 26-11-2017, Durante leg., g. sl. n. 1018 MAD; in coll. MSNS.</p> <p>Paratypes: 21 ♂♂, same data as the holotype, g. sl. n. 1038, 1039, 1053, 1067 MAD; 1 ♀, same data, g. sl. n. 1051 MAD. All in the first author’s collection.</p> <p>Diagnosis (Table 1).</p> <p>Bar is 1 mm unless otherwise stated; bar in pictures of P. nigrifrons wings is conjectural. Figures without scale bar are from pictures without size references.</p> <p>Pictures of P. aestuariensis n. sp. are all from the holotype, male, g. sl. n. 1054 MAD;</p> <p>Pictures of P. danella: wings are from the paratype, female, g. sl. n. 177 MAD, coll. MSNS; male genitalia after Durante &amp; Panzera (2002: 139); female genitalia are from the paratype, female, g. sl. n. 173 MAD, coll. MSNS.</p> <p>Pictures of P. conica n. sp.: wings are from the holotype, male, g. sl. n. 1018 MAD, coll. MSNS; male genitalia are from the paratype g. sl. n. 1038 MAD, coll. MAD; valva and aedeagus are from the paratype g. sl. n. 1053 MAD, coll. MAD; processus distalis plicae is from the holotype g. sl. n. 1018 MAD, coll. MSNS.</p> <p>Pictures of P. nigeriana: wings are from the paratype, male, g. sl. n. 160 MAD, coll. MSNS; genitalia are from the paratype, male, g. sl. n. 148 MAD, coll. MSNS.</p> <p>Pictures of P. nigrifrons: wings and male genitalia are from the holotype, g. sl. no. Arct. 869, coll. NHMUK; female genitalia are from g. sl. no. Arct. 5679, coll. NHMUK.</p> <p>Pseudopoliosia conica n. sp. externally resembles P. danella, both having forewings lighter than the hindwings, although the latter species seems to have a slightly wider wingspan. However, the genitalia are clearly different (with the processus of the ala valvae thorn-like in P. conica n. sp. and S-shaped in P. danella). In all the other species of the genus, the fore- and hindwings are practically of the same colour.</p> <p>The male genitalia of P. conica n. sp. are very similar to those of P. nigeriana and P. nigrifrons. However, the conspicuous cluster of strong setae on the distal process of the supravalva very clearly distinguishes P. conica n. sp. from both.</p> <p>The double dimple-shaped signum distinguishes P. conica n. sp. from both P. danella and P. nigrifrons (which have a single dimple-shaped signum).</p> <p>Description. Wingspan ♂ 13–16 mm; ♀ 17.5 mm.</p> <p>Head frons and vertex, notum (including patagia and tegulae) all same colour as forewing upperside or slightly lighter; frontoclypeus dark grey; antennae ciliated (cilia slightly thicker in male), dorsally same colour as vertex, ventrally unpigmented; labial palpi porrect, not extending beyond frons, as dark as frontoclypeus.</p> <p>Thorax. Thoracic sternites as dark as forewing underside; legs same colour, but hind pair lighter; spurs formula 0-2-4. Forewing upperside ground colour dark ivory, with sparse light brown scales on distal half; costa dark ivory. Forewing underside dark brownish-grey with anal area paler, proximal 2/5 of costal area darker and distal 3/5 ivory. Hindwing upperside darker than forewing upperside and turning to grey. Hindwing underside same colour as upperside and therefore lighter than forewing underside. Fringes concolourous.</p> <p>Abdomen same colour as hindwings; male with eighth abdominal segment short, about ½ length of seventh, with anterior margin slightly sclerotized laterally and ventrally; female with seventh abdominal segment only slightly longer than sixth, bearing two pleural membranous pouches on anterior margin; eighth abdominal segment one third length of sixth.</p> <p>Genitalia. ♂. Uncus pointed, long and slender, bent backwards, with slightly enlarged base; tegumen short and slender, inverted-V-shaped in dorsal view, with slender pedunculi (sensu Diakonoff 1939); vinculum also slender, but more sclerotized than tegumen, largely U-shaped, with saccus upwardly arched; juxta membranous, positioned between two bracket-shaped valvellae. Valva three and half times longer than wide (3.48 length:width ratio, see Fig. 5A); basis valvae dorsally extending mesad to meet each other and forming rod-like transtilla, ventrally tapering and touching each other. Costa with membranous papilla-shaped processus distalis plicae in fairly proximal position along costal margin, surmounted by 8-10 thin fairly long setae (Fig. 5B). Ala valvae slender, ending with a sturdy thorn-like process, distally slightly exceeding the supravalva. Supravalva with costa sclerotized and distal third flaplike, roughly ellipsoid, fairly sclerotized, with dorsal margin reinforced by conspicuous band of thick spines (Fig. 5A —in the picture, on the right valva, the dorsal margin is twisted as it is in the normal physiological position, so it seems ventral; on the left valva it has been deliberately twisted); aedeagus tubular, stout, quite short, enlarged at caudal end; coecum penis absent, ductus seminalis inserted at anterior end; vesica with two main lobes: right one smaller, globular (on the left in Fig. 5C); left one bigger with two main diverticula bearing two or three sturdy thornlike cornuti, and few small scobinate granicula between them (on the right in Fig. 5C).</p> <p>♀. Caudal ventral margin of seventh abdominal segment membranous, lamella antevaginalis membranous, not distinguishable from anterior edge of ostium bursae (Fig. 6B); lamella postvaginalis as longitudinal sclerotized bar occupying all of ventral A8; papillae anales square with rounded corners; apophyses half length of A7, posterior slightly longer than anterior; dorsal pheromone glands as two very small pouches with caudal opening at intersegmental membrane between A8 and A9 (Fig. 6C).</p> <p>Ostium bursae at intersegmental membrane between A7 and A8, ventrally membranous, dorsally highly sclerotized (lamella postvaginalis—see above); ductus bursae about as long as corpus, membranous, with caudal half (antrum) highly sclerotized and triangular in ventral view; corpus bursae spherical, membranous, not as thick as ductus, with scobination of tiny thorn-like spicules in tissue of wall; signum oval, dimple-like with tiny hard thornlike spicules (Fig. 6D). Small appendix bursae dome-shaped, membranous, connected to ductus bursae, bearing ductus seminalis originating in latero-caudal position (Fig. 6B).</p> <p>Etymology. The name of this species is derived from the Latin “conicus”, meaning conical, and refers to the conical shape of the cornuti in the male genitalia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B6F68AD324649FF1C9AE9DFFBF99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Durante, Antonio;Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette	Durante, Antonio, Apinda-Legnouo, Emelie Arlette (2022): Sixth contribution to the study of the Lithosiini of Gabon: the genus Pseudopoliosia Krüger, 2015 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Zootaxa 5195 (6): 554-566, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.4
