taxonID	type	description	language	source
E84587EDFFA3087BE7BCFD7062DEFB9E.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A – 1 K, 9 B – 9 D, 9 G, 10 A, 10 E, 11 A)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA3087BE7BCFD7062DEFB9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of this species can be easily distinguished from those of other Japanese species by the male genitalia: Each intermediate appendage is very short and needle-like in this species (Figs 1 D, 1 F – 1 G), but long and curved in other Japanese species. The female genitalia of this species are distinguished from those of other Japanese species by the shapes of paired pigmentations of sternum IX that are long triangular with the apexes directed posteromesad in ventral view (Fig. 1 K). The larva is unique among known Japanese larvae in having a dark longitudinal median-band from the head to the mesothorax dorsally (Figs 9 B, 9 D), and in having many branches (more than 20 branches on each side of segments II – V) of the dorsal or ventral abdominal gills (Figs 9 C, 9 G). Adult (Figs 1 A – 1 C, 10 A). General color of body, antennae, and wings black to dark brown (Fig. 10 A). Length of each forewing: male 10 – 13 mm (mean = 11.9, n = 15), female 13 – 16 mm (mean = 15.1, n = 9). Antennae 1.5 times as long as forewings in male, 1.2 times in female. Head with pair of anteromesal, anterior, posterior and posterolateral setal warts; in dorsal view, each anteromesal wart round between antennal sockets, each anterior setal wart narrow, each posterior wart large oval, each posterolateral setal wart narrow and extending ventrad along posterior margin of eye. Venation as in Figures 1 B, 1 C: in each forewing, fork I rooted on discoidal cell about 1 / 3 its length in male, 1 / 8 in female; combined anal vein A 1 + 2 + 3 with forewing coupling setae ventrally on false vein posterior of A 1 + 2 + 3 (for fore- and hind wings to link on each side) (Stocks 2010); in each hind wing, fork I rooted on discoidal cell about 1 / 3 its length in male, about 1 / 4 in female, crossvein m-cu present in male and female; costa with coupling setae dorsally to link with forewing. Male genitalia (Figs 1 D – 1 I). Tergum IX elongate, subtriangular to rectangular in dorsal view, bearing steep sides above basal setal warts (Figs 1 D, 1 F). In inferior appendages, each basal segment as long as preanal appendages, cylindrical with many long setae, slightly enlarged basoventrally in lateral view; each apical segment about 1 / 3 length of basal segment, apicomesal half with many brown teeth (Figs 1 E, 1 F). Preanal appendages elongate, broadest at basal half and tapered distally in lateral view, extending to posterior margins of lateral processes, each with several long setae near apex (Figs 1 D, 1 F). Median dorsal process of segment X with shallow apical concavity in dorsal view (Fig. 1 D), and slightly clavate apically in lateral view (Fig. 1 F). Pair of lateral processes of segment X protruding posteriorly, each with acuminate ventral projection extended posterad; each intermediate appendage very short, needle-like, directed anterolaterad (Figs 1 F, 1 G). Phallus with phallotheca long, cylindrical; endotheca ventrally with pair of thick parameres (Figs 1 H, 1 I); aedeagus membranous with sclerotized ventral plate, phallotremal sclerite strongly curved dorsad, C-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 1 H). Female genitalia (Figs 1 J, 1 K). Sternum IX semicircular, as long as wide, with pair of dark pigmentations along median shallow sulcus in ventral view; each pigmentation subtriangular with acute apex directed posteromesad (Fig. 1 K). Segment X with pair of fin-like dorsoposterior lobes, setose dorsally in dorsal view (Fig. 1 J); with deep V-shaped incision in dorsal and ventral views (Figs 1 J, 1 K). Vaginal apparatus longer than sternum IX, anterior sclerite rectangular in ventral view (Fig. 1 K). Final instar larva (Figs 9 B – 9 D, 9 G). Length of final instar larva up to 17 mm. Head and thorax brown to reddish brown dorsally, with dark median longitudinal band from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of mesonotum (Figs 9 B, 9 D). Among primary setae on head, setae 9, 11, 14, 15, and 17 thick, brown; 16 fine, transparent; other setae fine, pale brown; 14 longest, 1.5 times as long as 15. Branched abdominal gills as in Fig. 9 G present on each side of following segments (numbers of branches in parenthesis, n = 3): anterior dorsal gills on segments II (20 – 36), III (22 – 44), IV (22 – 34), V (28 – 29), VI (9 – 12), VII (9 – 10), and VIII (6 – 8); anterior ventral gills on segments II (29 – 46), III (28 – 56), IV (28 – 44), V (21 – 28), VI (13 – 24), VII (18 – 24), and VIII (7 – 12); anterior lateral gills on segments II (9 – 16) and III (7 – 10). Larval case cylindrical, slightly curved and tapered, constructed of coarse fragments of rock (Fig. 9 C). Specimens examined. Honshu, Aichi: 1 larva, Yato-cho, Seto-shi, 4. ix. 1999, N. Kawase; 2 larvae, Ichinoi, Maeguma, Nagakute-shi, 8. iv. 2010, N. Kawase; 2 males, same locality, 11. v. 2011, H. Nishimoto. Mie: 6 males, 2 females, Washiyama, Kameyama-shi, 9. vi. 2006, N. Kawase; 1 male and 1 female, same locality, 17. vi. 2006, H. Morita; 1 larva, same locality, 29. ix. 2006, N. Kawase. Shiga: 3 larvae, Kawashima, Adogawa-cho, Takashima-shi, 27. iv. 2003, N. Kawase; 8 males, 4 females, same locality, pupae collected on 24. v. 2004, adults emerged on vi. 2004, N. Kawase; 1 larva, same locality, 30. ix. 2007, N. Kawase; 2 larvae, same locality, 3. xi. 2010, N. Kawase; 1 larva, Shichiri, Ryu-oh-cho, 20. v. 2001 (no collector’s name is given).	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA3087BE7BCFD7062DEFB9E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta japonica is an East Palearctic species sparsely distributed in central to western Honshu (Fig. 11 A) and inhabits small water channels in lower hills or delta plains with spring water seeps (Fig. 10 E). Japanese name. Hitosuji-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA1087EE7BCFB6862DEFA9A.taxon	description	(Figs 2 A – 2 K, 9 E, 9 H, 10 C – D, 11 B)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA1087EE7BCFB6862DEFA9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male and female of this species can be easily distinguished from those of other Japanese species by the venation of each forewing. The fork II is rooted on the discoidal cell in this species (Figs 2 B, 2 C), but petiolate in other species. Furthermore, the male of this species is distinguishable from those of other Japanese species by the genital morphology. Each lateral process of segment X lacks a ventral projection in this species (Figs 2 F, 2 G), but bears the ventral projections in other Japanese species. The female genitalia are characterized by the shapes of a pair of dark pigmentations of sternum IX. Each pigmentation is narrowly projected posterad and extends to a narrow posterior portion adjacent to the median shallow sulcus in ventral view (Fig. 2 K). The female is also distinguishable by the shapes of the paired fin-like dorsolateral lobes that are strongly extruded posterolaterad in dorsal view (Fig. 2 J). In the larva, a pair of longitudinal dark dorsal bands extending from the anterior margin of the head capsule to the posterior margin of the mesonotum are unique among known Japanese larvae. Adult (Figs 2 A – 2 C). General coloration black to dark brown. Length of each forewing: male 9.2 – 11.2 mm (mean = 10.2, n = 56), female 9.8 – 12.7 mm (mean = 11.8, n = 29). Head (Fig. 2 A) with pair of indistinct anteromesal warts in male, distinct in female; anterior and posterior warts on each side fused into large circular wart; each narrow posterolateral wart extending ventrad along posterior margin of eye. Venation as in Fig. 2 B, 2 C; in forewings, fork I rooted on discoidal cell about 2 / 5 its length in male, 1 / 4 in female; fork II shallowly rooted; in hind wings, fork I rooted on discoidal cell about 1 / 2 its length in male about 1 / 3 in female, fork II shallowly rooted, crossvein m-cu present in male and female; location of fore- and hind wing coupling setae same as for P. japonica. Male genitalia (Figs 2 D – 2 I). Tergum IX triangular, extending posterad in dorsal view, with steep sides above basal setal warts (Figs 2 D, 2 F). Inferior appendages slightly shorter than preanal appendages, cylindrical with many long setae, slightly tapered; each apical segment about 2 / 3 length of basal segment, cylindrical with many brown teeth on apical half (Fig. 2 F). Preanal appendages each leaf-shaped in lateral view, basal 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 broadest; apical half slightly tapered, with several long setae near rounded apex (Fig. 2 F). Median dorsal process of segment X extending posterad, gradually tapered with acuminate apex in dorsal view (Fig. 2 D); pair of lateral processes heavily sclerotized and with spotted granular surfaces, protruding caudad (Fig. 2 D), flattened dorsally, acute apically in dorsal view (Fig. 2 D), abruptly enlarged apically in lateral view (Fig. 2 G); pair of intermediate appendages dark brown, heavily sclerotized, strongly curved, usually forming C-shaped structure in lateral view, each acute apex directed ventrad (Fig. 2 G), or rarely posterad. Phallus with phallotheca long, cylindrical; endotheca ventrally with pair of parameres; aedeagus with ventral surface weakly sclerotized, apex membranous, and phallotremal sclerite V-shaped in ventral view (Fig. 2 I), strongly curved dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 2 H). Female genitalia (Figs 2 J – 2 K). In ventral view, sternum IX semicircular, as long as wide; surface finely granular with pair of pigmentations (Fig. 2 K); each pigmentation large oval anteriorly, with narrow posterior extension adjacent to median sulcus (Fig. 2 K). Segment X with pair of dorsolateral fin-like lobes, setose dorsally; each apex strongly extruded posterolaterad in dorsal view (Fig. 2 J), concave posteromesally in ventral view (Fig. 2 K). Length of vaginal apparatus longer than that of segment IX (Fig. 2 K). Final instar larva (Figs 9 E, 9 H). Length up to 13.5 mm. Head and thoracic nota brown to reddish brown dorsally, with pair of dark longitudinal bands from anterior margin of head to posterior margin of mesonotum, and with a dark median band on the head. Among primary setae on head, setae 9, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 17 thick, brown to pale brown; other setae fine, pale or transparent; 14 longest, more than 2 times as long as 15, and 1.5 times as long as 9. Branched abdominal gills as in Fig. 9 H present on each side of following segments (numbers of branches in parenthesis, n = 3): anterior dorsal gills on segments II (8 – 10), III (14 – 16), IV (16), V (14 – 16), VI (14 – 16) and VII (6 – 8); anterior ventral gills on segments II (6 – 10), III (16), IV (14 – 16), V (12 – 16), VI (12 – 18), VII (12 – 16), and VIII (8); anterior lateral gills on only III (3 – 5). Case same as that of P. japonica. Specimens examined. Honshu, Aomori: 1 male, Koakagawa, Ohata-cho, Mutsu-shi, 29. vi. 1999, N. Kawase; 1 male, 9 larvae, same locality, 28. vii. 1999, N. Kawase. Iwate: 1 male, Matsukusazawa, Kawai, Miyako-shi, 12. vii. 1997, N. Kuhara; 1 male, 1 female, Hiraniwa-kogen, Yamagata, Kuji-shi, 12. vii. 1997, N. Kuhara; 8 males, Shimohata, Yamagata, Kuji-shi, 9. vii. 2004, N. Kuhara. Yamagata: 5 males, 1 female, Higashi-zawa, Hirokawara, Iide-machi, 3. vii. 1998, T. Hattori. Fukushima: 2 males, Funagahana-pass, Toaka, Shimogo-machi, 12. vii. 1997, N. Kawase. Niigata: 1 male, 1 female, Mushi-gawa, Ôyachi, Itoigawa-shi, 8. vi. 1996, T. Hattori. Fukui: 2 larvae, Irohama, Tsuruga-shi, 16. i. 2003, N. Kawase. Nagano: 2 females, Chigono-sawa, Fukushima, Kiso-machi, 13. vi. 1998, T. Hattori. Gifu: 6 males, Sakauchi-sakamoto, Ibigawa-cho, 7. vi. 1998, T. Hattori; 1 male, Ozu, Ibigawacho, 13. v. 2002, N. Kawase; 7 males, 1 female, Nishimaenotani, Tsurumi, Ibigawa-cho, N. Kawase. Shizuoka: 5 larvae, Yunoshima, Shizuoka-shi, 11. iv. 1998, T. Hattori; 9 males, Terajima, Shizuoka-shi, 15. v. 2002, T. Hattori. Mie: 9 males, 4 females, Miyazumakyo, Suizawa-cho, Yokkaichi-shi, 8. vi. 2009, H. Morita; 4 males, 5 females, same locality, 19. vi. 2009, H. Morita; 1 male, 2 females, same locality, 5. vii. 2009, H. Morita; 1 female, Hachisu, Iitaka-cho, Matsusaka-shi, 27. v. 2004. T. Hattori; 1 male, Tonaio, Kawahara, Hokusei-cho, Inabe-shi, 24. v. 2009, H. Morita; 3 males, Ishigure-minami, Daian-cho, Inabe-shi, 26. vi – 1. vii. 2001, H. Morita; 8 males, 1 female, same locality, 4 – 8. vi. 2001, H. Morita; 1 male, Nunobiki, Okubano, Iga-shi, 31. v. 2009, H. Morita; 4 males, 5 females, same locality, 29. v – 9. vi. 2012, H. Morita; 1 male, 1 female, Komegatani, Ôuchiyama, Taiki-cho, 1. vi. 1996, H. Morita. Shiga: 1 female, Kamitanakami-ohtorii-cho, Ôtsu, 19. v. 2014, N. Kawase; 2 larvae, Ôishi-tomikawacho, Ôtsu-shi 2. xi. 2006, N. Kawase; 1 male, Yamakado, Nishiazai-cho, Nagahama-shi, 24. v. 2006, N. Kawase; 15 males, 2 females, Nakanokawachi, Yogo-cho, Nagahama-shi, 17. v – 26. vi. 2010, N. Kawase; 3 males, 8 females, Ôkawara, Tsuchiyama-cho, Koka-shi, 14. v – 16. vi. 2008, N. Kawase; 1 male, Kuroko-pass, Shiratani, Makino-cho, Takashima-shi, 20. vi. 2014, S. Takeda; 1 male, 1 female, Yuzurio, Eigenji-cho, Higashiômi-shi, 31. v – 26. vi. 2009, N. Kawase; 2 males, 2 females, Ojigahata, Taga-cho, 1. vi. 2008, H. Morita. Kyoto: 1 male, Kuta, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, 8. vi. 2008, M. Aoyagi. Hyogo: 2 pupae, Kahosaka, Ôya-cho, Yabu-shi. 14. iv. 2004, T. Hattori. Nara: 6 males, Kotochi, Kamikitayama-mura, 28. v. 1993, N. Kuhara; 5 males, Okuchigawa, Uramukai, Shimokitayamamura, 28. v. 2004, T. Hattori. Wakayama: 3 males, Hirai, Kozagawa-cho, 21. v. 1990, N. Kuhara; 1 male, 1 female, same locality, 4. vi. 2000, T. Ueda. Shimane: 1 female, Mt. Sentsu, Takezaki, Okuizumo-cho, 17 – 26. vi. 2007, M. Hayashi; 1 male, same locality, 8 – 9. vii. 2019, N. Kawase and H. Morita; 1 male, Kami-hashinami, Sada-cho, Izumoshi, 17. v. 1993, N. Kuhara. Shikoku, Tokushima; 1 male, Kiyakeji, Masaki, Kamikatsu-cho. 27. v. 2018, M. Aoyagi; 2 males, Kami, Sanagochi-son, 27. v. 2018, M. Aoyagi and R. Toda.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA1087EE7BCFB6862DEFA9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta kisoensis is an East Palearctic species and the most common species among known Japanese Psilotreta species, widely distributed in Honshu and Shikoku (Fig. 11 B). The adults and larvae are found in small mountain streams (Figs 10 C, 10 D).	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA1087EE7BCFB6862DEFA9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tsuda (1942) synonymized Psilotreta armata with this species, but Parker & Wiggins (1987) noted that Martynov’s illustration lacks the large intermediate appendages found in the male of P. kisoensis. In this study, the author examined plenty of Psilotreta males collected from Honshu, including 23 males from Shiga Prefecture where P. armata was collected, but found no male that lacks the intermediate appendages. Additionally, most genitalic characters other than the intermediate appendages agree with those of P. kisoensis. Furthermore, the fork II in male and female forewings is sessile in P. armata (Martynov 1933, fig. 7), and only P. kisoensis shares this unique character (Figs 2 B, 2 C) among Japanese Psilotreta species. Therefore, the author agrees with the treatment by Tsuda (1942) even though the holotype of P. armata could not be examined. Kawase (2021) stated that the records of P. kisoensis from Shikoku, one of the main islands of Japan, by Kuwada (1965) and Tanida (2018) were based on misidentifications of P. voluta. Although P. kisoensis was deleted from the list of Psilotreta in Shikoku at that time, the author found three males of P. kisoensis from Shikoku for the first time in the present study. On the other hand, the author could not find any specimens from Kyushu Island, another main island of Japan although Parker & Wiggins (1987) recorded this species from Fukuoka on Kyushu as “ Fukuoka Prefecture: Wakamatsu, 27. vii. 1952, 1 ♂ (CNC); Sendai, 3. v. 1952, 1 ♂ (CNC) ”. According to the collection data of the CNC (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes), these two males bear the labels “ 1 male, JAPAN. (Fuk.) Wakamatsu, 27. vii. 1952, K. Nagayama ” and “ 1 male, JAPAN. Honshu: Sendai, 38 ° 16 ’ 12 ”, N 140 ° 52 ’ 1 ” E, 3. v. 1952, M. Kohno ”, respectively (CNC 1150853 <https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Specimen. php? id = 1772585> and CNC 311389 <https: // cnc. agr. gc. ca / taxonomy / Specimen. php? id = 1772585 & action = findid>). The locality name “ (Fuk.) Wakamatsu ” must be Wakamatsu-shi (now Aizu-Wakamatsu-shi) in Fukushima (not Fukuoka) Prefecture in northeastern Honshu because the collector, the late Mr. Koichi Nagayama, was an amateur entomologist who actively collected many insect specimens around Aizu-Wakamatsu-shi in Fukushima Prefecture (Kohno 1986). The other locality name “ Honshu: Sendai ” and its longitude and latitude definitely indicate that the corresponding male was collected in Sendai-shi in Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Honshu. Thus, there is presently no reliable record of P. kisoensis from Kyushu. Japanese name. Futasuji-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	description	(Figs 3 A – 3 M, 9 F, 9 I, 11 C)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male genitalia of P. spatulata sp. nov. are most similar to those of P. moritai in the shapes of a pair of flattened spatula-shaped lateral processes but can be distinguished from the latter by the following structures: (1) the shape of each lateral process of tergum X is sub-triangular in lateral view in P. spatulata sp. nov. (Figs 3 I 1 – 3 I 4), but narrow rectangular in P. moritai (Figs 4 C 1, 4 C 2); and (2) a pair of parameres in the phallus are long and located laterally in P. spatulata sp. nov. (Figs 3 J, 3 K), but they are short and located ventrally in P. moritai (Figs 4 D, 4 E). Adult (Figs 3 A – 3 C). Body and antennae brown, wings light brown in alcohol. Length of each forewing: male 8.2 – 9.3 mm (mean = 8.7, n = 10), female 8.2 – 9.9 mm (mean = 9.3, n = 7). On head dorsally, eyes hemispherical, large especially in male (Fig. 3 A); locations and shapes of setal warts most similar to those of P. japonica (Fig. 1 A), but pair of anterior warts round oval (narrow transverse in P. japonica). Venation similar to that of P. japonica (Figs 1 B, 1 C), but crossvein m-cu absent in male hind wings (Fig. 3 B), and base of M 3 + 4 and Cu 1 a directly connected without cross vein in female forewings (Fig. 3 C). Male genitalia (Figs 3 D – 3 K). Tergum IX elongate, subtriangular in dorsal view, with steep sides above basal setal warts (Figs 3 D, 3 E, 3 H). Basal segment of each inferior appendage as long as preanal appendages, thick, slightly dilated at middle in lateral view, covered with setae; apical segment about 1 / 2 as long as basal segment, cylindrical with many small brown teeth on apical half (Figs 3 D, 3 G, 3 H). Preanal appendages elongate, compressed (Fig. 3 D). Median dorsal process of tergum X extending posteriorly, apical half clavate with truncate or round apex in dorsal view (Figs 3 D – 3 F 2). Pair of lateral processes of tergum X sclerotized, as long as median dorsal process, forming subtriangular plate in lateral view (Fig. 3 H); each with ventral projection extending antero-ventrad (Figs 3 I 1 – 3 I 4); posterior portion of each lateral process occasionally bearing few denticles ventrally (marked with arrows in Figs 3 I 1, 3 I 2), dorsal margins of lateral processes sometimes partially concave beside their intermediate appendages (marked with arrows in Figs 3 E, 3 I 4). Pair of intermediate appendages dark brown, heavily sclerotized, and strongly curved, C-shaped in lateral view, with acute apex directed posterad (Figs 3 D, 3 H, 3 I 1 – 3 I 3), sometimes directed posterolaterad (Figs 3 E, 3 I 4). Phallus with phallotheca long, cylindrical; endotheca with pair of long, acute parameres laterally, each apex directed posterolaterad; aedeagus membranous with weakly sclerotized ventral plate, phallotremal sclerite V-shaped in ventral view, strongly curved dorsad (Figs 3 J, 3 K). Female genitalia (Figs 3 L – 3 M). Sternum IX semicircular to sub-triangular in ventral view with median longitudinal sulcus at posterior 2 / 3 of sternum IX between pair of indefinite broad pigmentations (Fig. 3 M). Posterior margin of segment X transverse, almost straight in ventral view; segment X with pair of flattened (depressed) dorsolateral lobes, sparsely setose (Fig. 3 L). Length of vaginal apparatus 2 times as long as sternum IX. Final instar larva (Figs 9 F, 9 I). Length up to 9 mm. Generally similar to those of P. japonica and P. kisoensis, but head and thoracic nota uniformly brown to dark brown without markings. Among primary setae on head, setae 9, 12, 14, and 15 thick, pale brown, other setae fine, white to near transparent; setae 14 longest and 1.5 to 2 times as long as 9; setae 9 second longest and about 1.5 to 2 times as long as 15. Branched gills as in Fig. 9 I on each side of abdomen (numbers of branches in parenthesis, n = 3): anterior dorsal gills on segments II (8 – 10), III (8 – 14), IV (10), V (7 – 8), VI (4 – 7), VII (3 – 5) and VIII (0 - 4); anterior ventral gills on segments II (8), III (10 – 14), IV (8 – 12), V (8 – 11), VI (6 – 7), VII (4 – 7) and VIII (2 – 4); anterior lateral gills lacking. Case similar to that of P. japonica, but smaller.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male (in alcohol), Okinawa Island. Okuni-rindo, Iji, Kunigami-son, Okinawa Pref., 26 ° 44 ' 03 " N 128 ° 13 ' 36 " E, 21. iii. 1999, T. Ito and A. Ohkawa (LBM 1410012539). Paratypes. Okinawa Island: 9 males, 1 female, same data as holotype (LBM 1410012540 – LBM 1410012549); 1 male, Sukuna-gawa, Yona, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 45 ' N 128 ° 13 ' E, 22. iii. 1999, T. Ito and A. Ohkawa (LBM 1410012550); 4 males, same locality, 10. iv. 2011, T. Ito (LBM 1410012551 – LBM 1410012554); 9 males, 4 females, Genka, Nago-shi, 26 ° 36 ' N 128 ° 04 ' E, 8. iv. 2011, T. Ito (LBM 1410012555 – LBM 1410012567); 1 male, 5 females, Benoki, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 8 ' N 128 ° 3 ' E, 9. iv. 1996, M. Aoyagi (OMNH); 2 males, Hiji river, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 7 ' N 128 ° 2 ' E, 12. iv. 1996, M. Aoyagi (OMNH); 2 males, 1 female, Ryukyu University Station, Yona, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 76 ' N 128 ° 21 ' E, 11. iv. 1996, M. Aoyagi (OMNH). Other specimens examined. Okinawa Island: 1 male, 2 females, Genka, Nago-shi, 26 ° 36 ' N 128 ° 04 ' E, 8. iv. 2011, T. Ito; 3 males, same locality, 18. iii. 2012, T. Ito; 2 males, 2 females, Hogen-hashi, Genka, Nago-shi, 8. iv. 2011, T. Ito; 3 larvae, same locality, 22 – 24. xi. 2010, T. Ito; 6 larvae, same locality, 17 – 19. x. 2014, T. Ito; 1 female, Heigi-hashi, Genka, Nago-shi, 26 ° 45 ' N 128 ° 13 ' E, 18. iii. 2012, T. Ito; 1 larva, Teina-gawa, Nago-shi, 26 ° 56 ' N 128 ° 09 ' E, 10. i. 1989, T. Kishimoto (OMNH); 1 male, 1 female, Benoki, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 8 ' N 128 ° 3 ' E, 12. iv. 1997, M. Yoshio; 9 males, same locality, 12. iv. 1997, T. Ueda; 1 female, Ie-rindo, Sosu, Kunigami-son, 11 – 15. iv. 2001, K. Uesugi; 1 male, Hiji, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 42 ' N 128 ° 11 ' E, 27. iii. 2006, K. Konishi; 8 males, 2 females, same locality, 8. iv. 2011, T. Ito; 1 male, 1 female, same locality, 10. iv. 2011, T. Ito; 1 larva, same locality, 21. iii. 1999, T. Ito and A. Ohkawa; 1 male, Ryukyu University Station, Yona, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 76 ' N 128 ° 21 ' E, 2. iv. 1986, N. Kobayashi (OMNH); 1 male, same locality, 8. iv. 1996, M. Aoyagi; 2 larvae, Aha, Kunigami-son, 26 ° 70 ' N 128 ° 28 ' E, 16. x. 1988, S. Shokita (OMNH); 2 larvae, 4 cases, same locality, 5. ix. 1994, M. Aoyagi (OMNH); 1 male, Takasato, Ogimison, 26 ° 41 ' N, 128 ° 11 ' E, 17. iii. 2012, T. Ito; 1 larva and 2 pupae, Okukubi, Kin-cho, 26 ° 28 ' 20 ” N 127 ° 55 ' 35 ” E, 22. vi. 2004; 3 males, 1 female, Okukubi, Kin-cho, 26 ° 29 ' N 127 ° 55 ' E, 1. iii. 2011, R. Kuranishi. Ishigaki Island: 1 male, Omoto-dake, Ishigaki-shi, 18 – 19. iii. 2002, I. Oshima, K. Sugishima and T. Yoshida.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin species epithet spatulata is derived from the spatula-shaped lateral processes in the male genitalia.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta spatulata sp. nov. is an Oriental species distributed in Okinawa and Ishigaki Islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan (Fig. 11 C) and was found in small mountainous streams.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFA40871E7BCFA6C62C0FDFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Tsuda (1938) recorded larvae and pupae of unidentified Psilotreta species from Okinawa Island and Tanida (1997) also recorded unidentified larvae and males from Okinawa Island. These larvae do not have distinct markings on their heads and thoracic nota as found in previously known Japanese species, P. japonica and P. kisoensis (Tsuda 1938, Tanida 2003). The author examined the male and larval specimens deposited in Osaka Museum of Natural History that were used by Tanida (1997) and confirmed that both the adults and larvae agree with those of P. spatulata sp. nov. described above. Although the author could not examine specimens used by Tsuda (1938), they most probably belong to this species. Japanese name. Okinawa-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0871E7BCFDCC6228FC04.taxon	description	(Figs 4 A – 4 E, 11 C)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0871E7BCFDCC6228FC04.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male of this species is very similar to that of P. spatulata sp. nov. but can be distinguished from the latter by characters given in the diagnosis for P. spatulata sp. nov. Female & larva. Unknown.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0871E7BCFDCC6228FC04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta moritai is an East Palearctic species distributed in Kii Peninsula, central Honshu (Fig. 11 C). Adults were collected near mountain streams at light. Japanese name. Morita-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0874E7BCFB9F62D7FEFE.taxon	description	(Figs 5 A – 5 H, 11 C)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0874E7BCFB9F62D7FEFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male genitalia of P. atrocaudata sp. nov. are most similar to those of P. voluta, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) the median dorsal process of segment X is parallel-sided in dorsal view and broadly dark pigmented caudally in P. atrocaudata (Figs 5 B, 5 D) (the median dorsal process of segment X is constricted at mid-length and pigmented only apically in P. voluta (Fig. 6 A )); (2) lateral processes of tergum X are subtriangular in lateral view in P. atrocaudata (Fig. 5 E) (lateral processes are oval in lateral view in P. voluta (Figs 6 C 1, 6 C 2 )); and (3) each paramere bears a distinct mesal protrusion and the acute apex is directed laterad in P. atrocaudata (Fig. 5 G) (each paramere lacks a mesal protrusion and is straight in P. voluta (Fig. 6 E )). Additionally, the male genitalia of P. atrocaudata also resemble those of P. clyssan Malicky 2014 described from Taiwan but are easily distinguishable from the latter by the broadly dense pigmentation on the median dorsal process and lateral processes, and by the apices of the intermediate appendages that are extended ventrolaterad in P. atrocaudata (that pigmentation is not present and the apices of the intermediate appendages are strongly curved and directed ventrad in P. clyssan). The female genitalia of P. atrocaudata are most similar to those of P. voluta but can be easily distinguished from them by the horn-like projection on the posterior margin of sternum IX (Fig. 5 H). Adult (Fig. 5 A). Body and antennae brown, wings dark brown in alcohol. Length of each forewing: male 7.9 – 9.2 mm (mean = 8.4, n = 5), female 9.4 – 11.2 mm (mean = 10.0, n = 4). General morphology including wing venation similar to that of P. spatulata sp. nov. (Figs 3 A – 3 C), but in each female forewing, M 3 + 4 and Cu 1 a connected by short cross vein m-cu in P. atrocaudata sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A) (those connected directly without crossvein m-cu in P. spatulata sp. nov. (Fig. 3 A )). Male genitalia (Figs 5 B – 5 G). Tergum IX elongate, subtriangular in dorsal view, with steep sides deeply above basal setal warts (Figs 5 B, 5 D). Basal segment of each inferior appendage approximately same length as preanal appendages, cylindrical, slightly narrower near apex, covered with long setae; apical segment about 0.4 times as long as basal segment, cylindrical with several small brown teeth on apical half (Figs 5 C, 5 D). Preanal appendages elongate, long-oval, not extending beyond posterior margin of lateral processes in lateral view. Tergum X forming median dorsal process thick, parallel-sided in dorsal view (mostly fused with tergum IX); heavily sclerotized, darkly pigmented in caudal half; round apex with several setae in dorsal view (Fig. 5 B); lateral processes subtriangular, each with dorsal margin partially concave (concavity marked with arrow in Fig. 5 E); ventral projection heavily sclerotized, curved anteroventrad with acute apex; intermediate appendages dark brown, heavily sclerotized, strongly curved, C-shaped ending in acute apex directed ventrolaterad (Figs 5 B, 5 C, 5 E). Phallus with phallotheca long, cylindrical; endotheca with pair of parameres ventrally: each paramere broad at basal half in ventral view, with distinct protrusion mesally in middle, tapering to acute apex directed laterad (Fig. 5 G); aedeagus membranous with ventral plate weakly sclerotized, phallotremal sclerite V-shaped in ventral view, strongly curved dorsad in lateral view (Fig. 5 F). Female genitalia (Fig. 5 H). Sternum IX wider than long, semicircular with short horn-like median projection posteriorly in ventral view; with pair of leaf-like pigmented areas. Posterior margin of segment X transverse, almost straight with small mesal notch in ventral view, with pair of short fin-like lobes dorsolaterally. Length of vaginal apparatus 2 times as long as sternum IX. Larva. Unknown.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0874E7BCFB9F62D7FEFE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male (in alcohol), Amami Island, Mt. Yuwan-dake to Materiya falls, Uken-son, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, 28 ° 17 ' 42 " N 129 ° 19 ' 56 " E, 9. v. 2011, T. Ito. (LBM 1410012568). Paratypes. Amami Island: 2 males, 3 females, same locality as the holotype, 9. v. 2007, T. Ito (LBM 1410012569 – LBM 1410012573); 2 males, 1 female, Miyama-gawa, Setouchi-cho, 21. iv. 2008, T. Ito (LBM 1410012574 – LBM 1410012576).	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0874E7BCFB9F62D7FEFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin species epithet “ atrocaudata ” refers to the dark pigmentation of the median dorsal process of segment X in the male genitalia.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAB0874E7BCFB9F62D7FEFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta atrocaudata sp. nov. is an Oriental species distributed on Amami Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan (Fig. 11 C). Adults were collected near mountainous streams by light traps or sweeping. Japanese name. Amami-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0874E7BCFEC8620AFBE5.taxon	description	(Figs 6 A – 6 F, 10 B – 10 C, 11 D)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0874E7BCFEC8620AFBE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male and female of this species are most similar to those of P. atrocaudata sp. nov. but can be distinguished by characters given in the diagnosis for P. atrocaudata sp. nov. The larva collected from Fukue Island near Kyushu and associated with the male of this species cannot be distinguished from the larva of P. spatulata sp. nov. described above. Some larval specimens that are identical to those of P. voluta or P. spatulata sp. nov. were found also widely over much of Kyushu Island (Kawase unpublished) but the association of those larvae and adults needs to be confirmed. Specimens examined. Fukue Island: 1 larva, Goto-shi, Tomie-machi, Shigejiki, Nagasaki, 32 ° 39 ' N, 128 ° 45 ' E, 28. viii. 2018, N. Shimura; 1 male, 2 females, larvae collected from same locality on same date, adults emerged from iii. 2019 to 16. v. 2020 by N. Shimura.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0874E7BCFEC8620AFBE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta voluta is an East Palearctic species distributed in western Honshu, Shikoku, Fukue Island and Yakushima Island (Fig. 11 D, arrows). Adults were collected near mountainous streams at light in Honshu, Shikoku and Yakushima Island. Larvae were found in small streams of Fukue Island. Japanese name. Uzu-kiso-tobikera.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0876E7BCFBF162C5FE86.taxon	description	(Figs 7 A – 7 G, 11 E)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0876E7BCFBF162C5FE86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of this species is very similar to that of P. flavida, but is easily distinguishable from the latter by the shape of the median dorsal process of tergum X. A pair of small tubercules are present apicoventrally in this species (Figs 7 A, 7 B), but are lacking in P. flavida. The female of this species is also very similar to that of P. flavida but can be distinguished from the latter by having a pair of dark bands on sternum IX in ventral view (Fig. 7 G). Adult. General coloration pale brown in body, antennae and wings (in alcohol). Length of each forewing: male 6.0 – 6.2 mm (mean = 6.1, n = 2), female 6.1 – 6.5 mm (mean = 6.26, n = 5). In head, thoracic nota, and venation, general morphology most similar to P. flavida (Figs 8 A – 8 C), but in each female forewing, M 3 + 4 and Cu 1 a connected by short crossvein m-cu in P. bitubercula sp. nov., same as P. atrocaudata sp. nov. (Fig. 5 A) (those veins directly connected with each other without crossvein m-cu in P. flavida as in Fig. 8 C )). Male genitalia (Figs 7 A – 7 E). Tergum IX subtriangular in dorsal view, with steep sides above rounded basal setal warts (Figs 7 A, 7 C). Basal segment of each inferior appendage long, extending beyond posterior of lateral processes of tergum X, cylindrical and covered with setae, tapered (Fig. 7 C); apical segment about 1 / 3 length of basal segment, cylindrical, with many brown teeth on apical half. Preanal appendages oval and tapered apically in lateral view (Fig. 7 C), extending to posterior margin of median dorsal process of tergum X in dorsal view (Fig. 7 A). Tergum X bears median dorsal process heavily sclerotized dorsally and laterally, thick, turtle-head shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 7 A), sparsely setose apically, with pair of small setose tubercules apicoventrally (marked with arrow in Fig. 7 B); lateral processes each with long, acute ventral projection angled posterad (Fig. 7 C); pair of intermediate appendages heavily sclerotized, sharply curved posteroventrad, forming C-shaped in lateral view, positioned on lower 2 / 3 of each lateral process (Fig. 7 C). Phallus with phallotheca short, cylindrical; endotheca with pair of short and thick parameres located lateroventrally, each about 3 times as long as its basal width; aedeagus membranous with ventral plate weakly sclerotized, phallotremal sclerite distinct V-shaped in ventral view, strongly C-shaped in lateral view (Figs 7 D, 7 E). Female genitalia (Figs 7 F – 7 G). Sternum IX semicircular with pair of dark bands in ventral view (Fig. 7 G). Segment X bilobed in dorsal view, each round lobe setose (Fig. 7 F). Vaginal apparatus almost 2 times as long as sternum IX in ventral view (Fig. 7 G). Larva. Unknown.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0876E7BCFBF162C5FE86.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Male (in alcohol), Amami Island, Yakugachi-gawa, Sumiyo-cho, Amami-shi, Kagoshima Pref., Japan, 33 ° 45 ' N, 133 ° 11 ' E, 23. vi. 2007, M. Takai. (LBM 1410012577). Paratypes. Amami Island, 2 females, same locality as holotype, 23. vi. 2007, M. Takai (LBM 1410012578 – LBM 1410012579); 1 male, 1 female, same locality, 24. vi. 2007, M. Takai (LBM 1410012580 – LBM 1410012581); 1 female, same locality, 24. vi. 2007, M. Takai. (LBM 1410012583).	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0876E7BCFBF162C5FE86.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name “ bitubercula ” refers to two tubercules on the apical part of the median dorsal process of segment X in the male genitalia.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAE0876E7BCFBF162C5FE86.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta bitubercula sp. nov. is an Oriental species distributed on Amami Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan (Fig. 11 E). All specimens used in this study were collected streamside by light traps. Japanese name. Futakobu-kiso-tobikera	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAC0876E7BCF9B46236F832.taxon	description	(Figs 8 A – 8 H, 11 E)	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAC0876E7BCF9B46236F832.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male and female of this species are very similar to those of P. bitubercula sp. nov. but can be distinguished by characters given in the diagnosis for P. bitubercula sp. nov. Specimens examined. An additional record since Kawase (2021) is the following: Shikoku, Ehime: 1 male, Ishizuchi-onari, Komatsu-cho, Saijyo-shi, 22. vii. 2021, M. Aoyagi. Larva. Unknown.	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
E84587EDFFAC0876E7BCF9B46236F832.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Psilotreta flavida is an East Palearctic species distributed in Shikoku (Fig. 11 E). Adults were collected from many localities near mountain streams by light traps or Malaise traps. Japanese name. Kiiro-kiso-tobikera	en	Kawase, Naoki (2022): The genus Psilotreta Banks (Trichoptera, Odontoceridae) in Japan. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 501-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.1
