identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B963EB623B175468B45182D336208E45.text	B963EB623B175468B45182D336208E45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemaspis samui Ampai & Rujirawan & Yodthong & Termprayoon & Stuart & Wood Jr & Aowphol 2022	<div><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5, 6 Ko Samui Rock Gecko Thai common name: Jing Jok Niew Yaow Ko Samui (จิ้งจกนิ้วยาวเกาะสมุย)</p><p>Holotype</p><p>(Fig. 3). ZMKU R 00974, adult male from Thailand, Surat Thani Province, Ko Samui District, Ang Thong Subdistrict, Hin Lad Waterfall (9°31.151'N, 99°57.598'E; 150 m a.s.l.), collected on 19 June 2018 by Natee Ampai, Attapol Rujirawan, Siriporn Yodthong and Korkhwan Termprayoon.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>(Fig. 4). Seventeen paratypes (adult males = 14, adult females = 3). Five adult males (ZMKU R 00966-00970), same collection data as holotype except collected on 26 September 2015 by Natee Ampai, Attapol Rujirawan, Siriporn Yodthong, Korkhwan Termprayoon, and Anchalee Aowphol. Nine adult males (ZMKU R 00971-00973, ZMKU R 00975-00979 and ZMKU R 00983) and three adult females (ZMKU R 00980-00982), same data as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. differs from all other members of the  C. siamensis group by having the following combination of characters: (1) SVL 37.0-42.3 mm in adult males (mean 39.90  ± 1.98 mm; N = 15) and 36.4-41.6 mm in adult females (mean 39.75  ± 2.91 mm; N = 3); (2) eight or nine supralabial and infralabial scales; (3) ventral scales keeled (4) 5-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males, arranged in a chevron, separated, pore rounded in males; (5) 25-27 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; (6) 4-6 small, subconical spine-like tubercles present on lower flanks; (7) 22-25 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; (8) enlarged median subcaudal scale row present; (9) ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present; (10) one or two postcloacal tubercles on lateral surface of hemipenial swellings at the base of tail in males; and (11) gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish only in males.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>An adult male in good state of preservation; 42.3 mm SVL; head relatively moderate in size (HL/SVL 0.27), narrow (HW/SVL 0.16), flattened (HD/HL 0.39), depressed (HD/SVL 0.11), and head distinct from neck; snout moderate (ES/HL 0.43), in lateral profile slightly concave; loreal region slightly inflated, canthus rostralis not prominent, smoothly rounded; postnasal region constricted medially; scales of rostrum round, juxtaposed, keeled, larger than conical scales on occiput; weak, supraorbital ridges; gular and throat scales granular, keeled and round; shallow frontorostral sulcus; eye large (ED/HL 0.21) with round pupil; orbit with extra-brillar fringe scales slightly largest anteriorly; scales on interorbitals and supercilium slightly keeled; eye to ear distance greater than eyes diameter (EE/ED 1.33); ear opening vertical, oval, taller than wide (EL/HL 0.09); rostral slightly concave; rostral bordered posteriorly by supranasals and internasal; rostral in contact laterally with first supralabials; 9R,L supralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; 8R,L infralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; nostril small, oval, oriented dorsoposteriorly, surrounded posteriorly by small postnasal scales; mental scales enlarged, subtriangular, concave, extending to level of second infralabials, bordered posteriorly by three large postmentals.</p><p>Body relatively slender, elongate (AG/SVL 0.42); small, keeled, dorsal scales equal in size throughout body intermixed with several large, keeled, scattered, conical tubercles; 26 paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged; four small, subconical spine-like tubercles on flanks; tubercles present on lower flanks; tubercles extend from occiput to tail; pectoral and abdominal scales keeled, round, flat, slightly larger than dorsal and not larger posteriorly; ventral scales of brachia smooth, raised and juxtaposed; eight separated pore-bearing precloacal scales, arranged in a chevron, with rounded pores; precloacal depression absent; femoral pores absent.</p><p>Fore and hind limbs moderately elongate, slender; scales beneath forearm slightly raised, smooth and subimbricate; subtibial scales keeled; palmar scales smooth, flat and subimbricate; digits long, slender, distinctly inflected joint with strong, slightly recurved claws; subdigital lamellae unnotched; lamellae beneath first phalanges wide; lamellae beneath phalanx immediately following inflection granular; lamellae of distal phalanges wide; lamellae beneath inflection large; interdigital webbing absent; enlarged submetatarsal scales on 1st toe present; total subdigital lamellae on fingers I-V: 18-21-22-24-23 (right manus), 18-21-22-24-23 (left manus); fingers increase in length from first to fourth with fifth nearly equal in length as fourth; relative length of fingers IV&gt;V&gt;III&gt;II&gt;I; total subdigital lamellae on toes I-V: 14-20-21-24-23 (right pes), 14-(broken)-21-24-23 (left pes); toes increase in length from first to fourth with fifth nearly equal in length as fourth; relative length of toes IV&gt;V&gt;III&gt;II&gt;I.</p><p>Tail complete, entire cylindrical, relatively slender, swollen at the base; tail length (TL) 52.2 mm; tail length longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.23); subcaudal scales keeled, juxtaposed, larger than dorsal scales of the tail; shallow, middorsal furrow; deeper lateral caudal furrow present; enlarged, transverse caudal tubercles arranged in segmented whorls, encircling tail; enlarged median subcaudal scale row present; caudal tubercles present between upper and lower of lateral furrow; 1R,L enlarged postcloacal tubercle at lateral surface of hemipenial swellings at the base of tail.</p><p>Measurements of holotype</p><p>(in mm; Table 5). SVL 42.3; TL (complete tail) 52.2; TW 4.4; FL 6.5; TBL 7.9; AG 17.9; HL 11.5; HW 6.9; HD 4.5; ED 2.5; EE 3.3; ES 5.0; EN 4.0; EL 1.0; IN 1.1; IO 3.3.</p><p>Coloration in life</p><p>(Figs 3, 4A). Dorsal ground color of head dark brown, top of head and snout bearing small, diffuse, finely speckled with yellowish spots; 3R,L thin, and faint dark postorbital stripes extending from eye to nape; pupil black with orange streak; irregular, pale yellowish marking on nape; a single yellowish prescapular crescent on shoulder each side, located at forelimb insertion dorsoanteriorly; dorsal ground color of body, limbs and tail brown overlain with black irregular blotches; two dark blotches form a bipartite pattern on nape; light-grey vertebral blotches extending from the nape to tail; flanks with scattered, incomplete light-grey to yellowish blotches becoming smaller posteriorly; tubercles on the whole body white or yellow; subconical spine-like yellowish tubercles on lower flanks; digits with dark brown and yellow bands; dorsum caudal bands light-grey and dark brown; ventral surfaces grayish-white intermixed with yellowish blotches on side of body; ventral pattern sexually dimorphic, gular, flanks, and caudal regions yellowish only in males; no dark markings on gular and belly; ventral side of caudal yellowish and indistinct bands.</p><p>Coloration in preservative</p><p>(Figs 5, 6). Dorsal ground color of head, body, limbs and tail darker brown than coloration in life; indistinct, irregular vertebral blotches; all yellowish spots and markings on head, body, limbs, and tail faded to whitish gray; banding on the tail faded and less prominent; ventral surface whitish gray with indistinct darker marking; gular, pectoral and tail regions with faint dark blotches.</p><p>Variation and additional information.</p><p>Most paratypes closely resemble the holotype in all aspect of pattern and coloration. Morphometric and meristic variation within the type series is presented in Table 5. Some paratypes differ in their degree of vertebral blotches. Sexual dimorphism in color pattern was apparent, as all adult male paratypes have yellowish coloration in the gular, flanks and caudal regions but this yellowish coloration was absent in females. ZMKU R 00968, ZMKU R 00971, ZMKU R 00973 (three adult males), and ZMKU R 00981-00982 (two adult females) have regenerated tails of uniform tan coloration. ZMKU R 00969 and ZMKU R 00975 (two adult males) have broken tail tips. ZMKU R 00976 (one adult male) has approximately three-fourth of the tail broken. ZMKU R 00966-00969, ZMKU R 00971, ZMKU R 00977, ZMKU R 00980, and ZMKU R 00983 (eight adult males) have paler dorsal markings that more resemble transverse bands than paravertebral blotches. ZMKU R 00969 and ZMKU R 00983 (two adult males) have 2R,1L enlarged postcloacal tubercles on the lateral surface of the hemipenial swelling at the base of tail.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is currently only known from the type locality at Hin Lad Waterfall (9°31.151'N, 99°57.598'E; 150 m a.s.l.; Fig. 7), Ang Thong Subdistrict, Ko Samui District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand, approximately 35 km off the mainland of Don Sak District, Surat Thani Province in the Gulf of Thailand.</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>The type locality is surrounded by lowland evergreen forest with granitic rocky outcrops along Lipa Yai Canal in the western part of Ko Samui. All specimens of  C. samui sp. nov. were found along rocky stream outcrops of Hin Lad Waterfall during the day (1435-1752 h) and night (1800-1845 h) with air temperatures of 26.2-30.1 °C and relative humidity of 76.9-92.7%. Their microhabitats in rocky boulders were relatively dry and cool. The male holotype was found at night (1845 h) perched upside down on an overhanging surface of a granitic rock boulder near a stream. Most specimens were found on or within deep cracks or crevices of boulders, or in shaded areas of the boulder near a stream, except that ZMKU R 00969 was found on a tree trunk and ZMKU R 00977 was found in a soil hole at the base of a boulder. Two gravid females ZMKU R 00981-00982 were carrying one or two eggs in July 2018. Some juveniles (not collected) were mostly found perched on vegetation (e.g., log, vine, tree root).  Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is assumed to be a diurnal rock-dwelling species. During the day, geckos were found to be active, wary and fast-moving. They were most often observed clinging upside down to the undersides of rock boulders and within deep crevices. When disturbed, they would quickly move to deeper cover and hide in the shaded area between boulder and the ground. At night, they were found to be inactive, slow moving, sheltered in crevices or cracks on rock walls, or sleeping on vegetation near rock boulders, making them easier to approach than during the day. During field surveys, the larger nocturnal gekkonid  Cyrtodactylus zebraicus (Taylor, 1962) was found in sympatry on the ground and vegetation near a stream.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet samui is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality of Ko Samui.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from all members of the  Cnemaspis siamensis group ( C. adangrawi,  C. chanardi,  C. huaseesom,  C. kamolnorranathi,  C. lineatubercularis,  C. omari,  C. phangngaensis,  C. punctatonuchalis,  C. selenolagus,  C. siamensis,  C. thachanaensis, and  C. vandeventeri) by having a unique combination of morphological characteristics (Table 6) and uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences of mtDNA (ND2) of 8.86-26.83% (Table 2).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. adangrawi Ampai et al. 2019 by having maximum SVL of 42.3 mm (vs. 44.9 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); 22-25 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 26-28 lamellae); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. chanardi Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 40.9 mm); 22-25 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 26-29 lamellae); single median row of subcaudals keeled (vs. smooth); and ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. huaseesom Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL of 42.3 mm (vs. 43.5 mm); pore-bearing precloacal scales row separated (vs. continuous); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 18-24 tubercles); ventral and subcaudal scales keeled (vs. smooth); single median row of subcaudals keeled (vs. smooth); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); and subtibial scales keeled (vs. smooth).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. kamolnorranathi Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 37.8 mm); pore-bearing precloacal scales row separated (vs. continuous); pore-bearing precloacal scales rounded (vs. elongated); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 19-24 tubercles); enlarged median subcaudal scale row present (vs. absent); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent); and ventral pattern sexually dimorphism present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. lineatubercularis Ampai et al. 2020 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 41.8 mm); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 19-21 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); 22-25 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 27-29 lamellae); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); and caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. omari Grismer et al. 2014 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 41.3 mm); single median row of subcaudals keeled (vs. smooth); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); and ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. phangngaensis Wood et al. 2017 by having eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); eight or nine infralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); 5-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males (vs. four scales); pore-bearing precloacal scales row separated (vs. continuous); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 22 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); 22-25 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 29 lamellae); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); and caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. punctatonuchalis Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL of 42.3 mm (vs. 49.6 mm); pore-bearing precloacal scales present (vs. absent); 22-25 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 29-31 lamellae); ventral and subcaudal scales keeled (vs. smooth); single median row of subcaudals keeled (vs. smooth); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. selenolagus Grismer et al. 2020 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 36.2 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 or 11 scales); eight or nine infralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); pore-bearing precloacal scales row separated (vs. continuous); pore-bearing precloacal scales shape rounded (vs. elongated); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 16-18 tubercles); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); subtibial scales keeled (vs. smooth); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. siamensis (Smith, 1925) by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 39.7 mm); pore-bearing precloacal scales present (vs. absent); single median row of subcaudals keeled (vs. smooth); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. thachanaensis Wood et al. 2017 by having maximum SVL 42.3 mm (vs. 39.0 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 or 11 scales); pore-bearing precloacal scales present (vs. absent); 25-27 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 15-19 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); enlarged median row of subcaudal scales present (vs. absent); caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present); one or two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. absent); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis samui sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. vandeventeri Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL of 42.3 mm (vs. 44.7 mm); 5-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales (vs. four scales); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); and having yellow coloration in the subcaudal region present (vs. absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B963EB623B175468B45182D336208E45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ampai, Natee;Rujirawan, Attapol;Yodthong, Siriporn;Termprayoon, Korkhwan;Stuart, Bryan L.;Wood Jr, Perry L.;Aowphol, Anchalee	Ampai, Natee, Rujirawan, Attapol, Yodthong, Siriporn, Termprayoon, Korkhwan, Stuart, Bryan L., Wood Jr, Perry L., Aowphol, Anchalee (2022): Hidden diversity of rock geckos within the Cnemaspis siamensis species group (Gekkonidae, Squamata): genetic and morphological data from southern Thailand reveal two new insular species and verify the phylogenetic affinities of C. chanardi and C. kamolnorranathi. ZooKeys 1125: 115-158, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060
FDCA055516B352E592A773D90ADA47E3.text	FDCA055516B352E592A773D90ADA47E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cnemaspis similan Ampai & Rujirawan & Yodthong & Termprayoon & Stuart & Wood Jr & Aowphol 2022	<div><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 10, 11 Ko Similan Rock Gecko Thai common name: Jing Jok Niew Yaow Ko Similan (จิ้งจกนิ้วยาวเกาะสิมิลัน)</p><p>Holotype</p><p>(Fig. 8). ZMKU R 00984, adult male from Thailand, Phang-nga Province, Thai Mueang District, Lam Kaen Subdistrict, Mu Ko Similan National Park, Ko Similan, Ao Nguang Chang Bay (8°64.840'N, 97°64.834'E; 13 m a.s.l.), collected on 5 March 2018 by Natee Ampai, Attapol Rujirawan, Siriporn Yodthong and Piyawan Puanprapai.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>(Fig. 9). Three adult females paratypes. ZMKU R 00985-00986 (two adult females), same data as holotype. ZMKU R 00987 (one adult female), same data as holotype except collected on 6 March 2018 by Natee Ampai, Attapol Rujirawan, Siriporn Yodthong and Piyawan Puanprapai.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other members of the  C. siamensis group by having the following combination of characters: (1) SVL of 47.6 mm in adult male and 38.6-48.1 mm (mean 43.6  ± 4.8 mm, N = 3) in adult females; (2) eight or nine supralabial and seven or eight infralabial scales; (3) ventral scales keeled (4) one pore-bearing precloacal scale, pore rounded in male; (5) 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; (6) five small, elongated, spine-like tubercles on lower flanks; (7) 23 or 24 subdigital lamellae under the 4th toe; (8) no enlarged median subcaudal scale row; (9) ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present; (10) two postcloacal tubercles on lateral surface of hemipenial swellings at tail base in male; (11) sexual dimorphism in dorsal and ventral patterns; and (12) pale yellow reticulum on head, neck, flanks, belly and limbs only in male.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>An adult male in good state of preservation; 47.6 mm SVL; head moderate in size (HL/SVL 0.26), narrow (HW/SVL 0.16), flattened (HD/HL 0.39) and head distinct from neck; snout moderate (ES/HL 0.43), in lateral profile concave; loreal region marginally inflated, canthus rostralis nearly absent; postnasal region concave medially; scales of rostrum smooth, raised, larger than conical scales on occiput; weak and faint supraorbital ridges; gular scales granular, keeled, rounded, juxtaposed; throat scales granular, keeled, flat, subimbricate; shallow frontonasal sulcus; eye large (ED/HL 0.19); pupil round; extra-brillar fringe scales small in general but slightly larger anteriorly; scales on interorbitals and supercilium keeled; eye to ear distance greater than eyes diameter (EE/ED 1.50); ear opening elongate, much taller than wide (EL/HL 0.08); rostral concave dorsally; rostral bordered posteriorly by supranasals and laterally by first supralabials; 8R,L supralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; 7R,L infralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; nostril small, elliptical, oriented dorsoposteriorly, bordered posteriorly by small postnasal scales; mental scales large, triangular, flat, extending to level of second infralabial scales, bordered posteriorly by three large postmental scales.</p><p>Body robust, not elongate (AG/SVL 0.41); small, raised, keeled, dorsal scales equal in size throughout body intermixed with numerous large, keeled, multicarinate tubercles; 24 paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged; five small, elongated, spine-like tubercles on flanks; tubercles present on lower flanks; tubercles extend from occiput to tail; pectoral and abdominal scales keeled, round, flat, imbricate; abdominal scales larger than pectoral and dorsal scales; ventral scales of brachia smooth, raised and juxtaposed; one pore-bearing precloacal scale, with rounded pore; precloacal depression absent; femoral pores absent.</p><p>Fore and hind limbs moderately long, slender; scales beneath forearm slightly raised, smooth and subimbricate; subtibial scales keeled; palmar scales keeled, flat and subimbricate; digits long, slender with inflected joint; claws slightly recurved; subdigital lamellae unnotched; lamellae beneath first phalanges wide; lamellae beneath phalanx immediately following inflection granular; lamellae of distal phalanges wide; lamellae beneath inflection large; interdigital webbing generally absent; enlarged submetatarsal scales on 1st toe present; total subdigital lamellae on fingers I-V: 15-21-22-24-23 (right manus), 15-21-23-24-23 (left manus); fingers increase in length from first to fourth with fifth nearly equal in length as fourth; relative length of fingers IV&gt;V&gt;III&gt;II&gt;I; total subdigital lamellae on toes I-V: 17-20-22-24-23 (right pes), 17-19-22-24-23 (left pes); toes increase in length from first to fourth with fifth nearly equal in length as fourth; relative length of toes IV&gt;V&gt;III&gt;II&gt;I.</p><p>Tail regenerated, subcylindrical, relatively swollen at the base; tail length (TL) 49.6 mm; tail length longer than head and body (TL/SVL 1.04); dorsal and ventral scales at the tail base similar in size on mid-body dorsum; subcaudal scales keeled, juxtaposed, larger than dorsal scale of the tail size; shallow, middorsal furrow; lateral caudal furrow present; enlarged, transverse caudal tubercles arranged in segmented whorls, encircling tail; enlarged median subcaudal scale row absent; caudal tubercles present between upper and lower of lateral furrow; rest of the tail regenerated, slightly keeled, imbricate scales with no enlarged tubercles; scales on ventral aspect of the regenerated tail marginally larger in size than mid-body ventrals; 2R,L enlarge postcloacal tubercle at lateral surface of hemipenial swellings at the tail base.</p><p>Measurements of holotype</p><p>(in mm; Table 7). SVL 47.6; TL (regenerated tail) 49.6; TW 4.6; FL 6.8; TBL 8.6; AG 19.6; HL 12.4; HW 7.8; HD 4.8; ED 2.4; EE 3.6; ES 5.3; EN 4.0; EL 1.0; IN 1.1; IO 3.1.</p><p>Coloration in life</p><p>(Figs 8, 9). Dorsal ground color of head brown, top of head and snout bearing diffuse, mottled with smaller yellowish markings; 3R,L vertical, thin and fine dark stripes extending from postorbital to neck; 1R,L indistinct darker stripes runs from preorbital to supranasal; pupil black with orange streak; irregular, faint pale yellow reticulum on lateral surface of head, neck and flanks; 1R,L light-colored prescapular crescent on shoulder, located at forelimb insertion dorsoanteriorly; two dark streaks form a bipartite pattern on neck; dorsal ground color of body and tail brown with irregular black blotches except much paler brown on limbs; pale sage vertebral blotches run from the nape to tail; flanks with smaller dark and larger pale yellow streaks; enlarged conical spine-like yellowish tubercles on lower flanks; tubercles on the whole body pale sage and pale yellow; digits with distinct dark and pale bands; dorsum of limbs pale brown with dark blotches randomly arranged; ventral surfaces pale greyish intermixed with pale yellowish blotches on gular, neck, limbs and belly; no markings on gular and belly regions; original part of the tail brown with dark streaks form a bipartite pattern; regenerated part of the tail brown without bands; ventral side of tail pale greyish with no markings.</p><p>Coloration in preservative</p><p>(Figs 10, 11). Overall coloration of head, body, limbs, flanks and tail about the same as in life. Dorsal ground color of the whole-body became faded. The pale tones of limbs and tail darker than in life. Vertebral blotches run from the nape to tail became paler than in life. All pale yellowish coloration on head, limbs, flanks fade to creamy white. Ventral region of the whole-body homogenously tan colored.</p><p>Variation and additional information.</p><p>Due to having only a single adult male (N = 1), variation in adult males is currently unknown. Most paratypes approximate the holotype in general features of body pattern and coloration. Adult females lack pore-bearing precloacal scale. Pale yellowish markings in head, neck, limbs, flanks and caudal regions were also absent in adult females. Three adult females have paler dorsal markings than the holotype. ZMKU R 00985 and ZMKU R 00986 have regenerated tails of uniform tan colored. ZMKU R 00985 has a large calcium sac on each side of the neck. ZMKU R 00985 has also broken left 4th pes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is known only from the type locality at Ao Nguang Chang Bay (8°64.840'N, 97°64.834'E; 13 m a.s.l.; Fig. 12), Ko Similan, Lam Kaen Subdistrict, Thai Mueang District, Phang-nga Province, Thailand, approximately 65 km off the mainland of Thai Mueang District, Phang-nga Province in the Andaman Sea.</p><p>Natural history.</p><p>The type locality is dominated by mixed evergreen forest with shrub and beach forests. Ao Nguang Chang Bay is located at the southern part of the largest island, Ko Similan (= Ko Pad). All specimens of  C. similan sp. nov. were found in granitic rocky outcrops near Ao Nguang Chang Bay during the day (1542 h) and night (2023-2049 h) with an air temperature of 28.4 °C and relative humidity of 86%. Granitic boulder surfaces appeared to be relatively dry and cool. The male holotype was found during the night (2023 h) on a tree near a boulder. Most paratypes (ZMKU R 00985-00986) were found during the day time on vegetation (tree trunks, roots, or vines) except ZMKU R 00987, which was perched on a rock wall.  Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. seems to be a diurnal rock-dwelling species. During the day, geckos were generally active, quite wary and quickly retreated when approached or disturbed. At night, geckos were found inactive or sleeping on vegetation near crevices or cracks of rock boulder as high as 2 m above the ground. They were often found clinging upside down to the underside of rock boulder overhang. During field surveys, the larger, nocturnal gekkonid  Cyrtodactylus oldhami (Theobald, 1876) was found in sympatry on the ground and vegetation near boulders.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet similan is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality of Ko Similan.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. can be distinguished from 13 congeners of the  Cnemaspis siamensis group ( C. adangrawi,  C. chanardi,  C. huaseesom,  C. kamolnorranathi,  C. lineatubercularis,  C. omari,  C. phangngaensis,  C. punctatonuchalis,  C. samui sp. nov.,  C. selenolagus,  C. siamensis,  C. thachanaensis, and  C. vandeventeri) by having a unique combination of morphological characters (Table 6) and uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences in mtDNA (ND2) of 8.16-27.11% (Table 2).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. adangrawi Ampai et al. 2019 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 44.9 mm); seven or eight infralabial scales (vs. nine scales); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 6-8 scales); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 26-28 lamellae); and two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. one tubercle).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. chanardi Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 40.9 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 6-8 scales); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 26-29 lamellae); single median row of subcaudal keeled (vs. smooth); enlarged median subcaudal scales row absent (vs. present); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. one tubercle); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. huaseesom Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 43.5 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 5-8 scales); ventral and subcaudal scales keeled (vs. smooth); single median row of subcaudal keeled (vs. smooth); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); subtibial scales keeled (vs. smooth); yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. kamolnorranathi Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 37.8 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. six or seven scales); pore-bearing precloacal scale row absent (vs. continuous); pore-bearing precloacal scale rounded (vs. elongated); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); and ventral pattern sexually dimorphic present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. lineatubercularis Ampai et al. 2020 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 41.8 mm); seven or eight infralabial scales (vs. nine scales); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 4-7 scales); 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 19-21 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 27-29 lamellae); caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present); two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. one tubercle); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. omari Grismer et al. 2014 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 41.3 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 3-6 scales); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 25-28 lamellae); single median row of subcaudal keeled (vs. smooth); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. one tubercle); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. phangngaensis Wood et al. 2017 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 42.0 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); seven or eight infralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. four scales); 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 22 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 29 lamellae); caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. punctatonuchalis Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL of 48.1 mm (vs. 49.6 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. absent); 23 or 24 lamellae under 4th toe (vs. 29-31 lamellae); ventral and subcaudal scales keeled (vs. smooth); single median row of subcaudal keeled (vs. smooth); and enlarged median subcaudal scales row absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. samui sp. nov. by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 42.3 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. 5-8 scales); enlarged median subcaudal scales row absent (vs. present); and yellow coloration in the subcaudal region absent (vs. present).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. selenolagus Grismer et al. 2020 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 36.2 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 or 11 scales); seven or eight infralabial scales (vs. 10 scales); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. six or seven scales); pore-bearing precloacal scale shape rounded (vs. elongated); 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 16-18 tubercles); tubercles on lower flanks present (vs. absent); ventral and subcaudal scales keeled (vs. smooth); ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent); and subtibial scales keeled (vs. smooth).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. siamensis (Smith, 1925) by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 39.7 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. absent); single median row of subcaudal keeled (vs. smooth); enlarged median subcaudal scales row absent (vs. present); and ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. thachanaensis Wood et al. 2017 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 39.0 mm); eight or nine supralabial scales (vs. 10 or 11 scales); seven or eight infralabial scales (vs. 9-11 scales); pore-bearing precloacal scale present (vs. absent); 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 15-19 tubercles); paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged (vs. linearly arranged); caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side absent (vs. present); and two postcloacal tubercles in males (vs. absent).</p><p>Cnemaspis similan sp. nov. is distinguished from  C. vandeventeri Grismer et al. 2010 by having maximum SVL 48.1 mm (vs. 44.7 mm); one pore-bearing precloacal scale (vs. four scales); enlarged median subcaudal scales row absent (vs. present); and ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present (vs. absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDCA055516B352E592A773D90ADA47E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ampai, Natee;Rujirawan, Attapol;Yodthong, Siriporn;Termprayoon, Korkhwan;Stuart, Bryan L.;Wood Jr, Perry L.;Aowphol, Anchalee	Ampai, Natee, Rujirawan, Attapol, Yodthong, Siriporn, Termprayoon, Korkhwan, Stuart, Bryan L., Wood Jr, Perry L., Aowphol, Anchalee (2022): Hidden diversity of rock geckos within the Cnemaspis siamensis species group (Gekkonidae, Squamata): genetic and morphological data from southern Thailand reveal two new insular species and verify the phylogenetic affinities of C. chanardi and C. kamolnorranathi. ZooKeys 1125: 115-158, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060
