identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038F6B05FFD5AE7755DEFBA2FA5066AC.text	038F6B05FFD5AE7755DEFBA2FA5066AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis Candolle 1836	<div><p>Callilepis Candolle (1836: 671) emended P.P.J.Herman; Harvey (1865: 136); Bentham (1873: 339); Hoffmann (1889: 210); Phillips (1951: 810); Dyer (1975: 694); Hilliard (1977: 286); Wild (1980: 91); Anderberg (1991: 46, 1994: 324); Herman et al. (2000: 127); Bayer et al. (2007: 259).</p> <p>Type species: — Callilepis laureola Candolle (1836: 671). (It seems Phillips (1951) was the first person to designate C. laureola as the type species of the genus).</p> <p>= Zoutpansbergia Hutchinson (1946: 350); Dyer (1975: 686). Type species: — Zoutpansbergia caerulea Hutchinson (1946: 350).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, a shrub or small tree (1 species), glabrous or non-glandular hairy. Leaves opposite, subopposite, alternate or spirally arranged, sessile, with petiole-like base or shortly petiolate, simple, margin entire, serrate or serrulate, glabrous or non-glandular hairy, blade glabrous or non-glandular hairy, with 1 or 3(5) main veins from base. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary or in open, few- or many-headed corymbs; shortly to distinctly pedunculate. Involucre obconical, hemispherical, campanulate or urceolate. Involucral bracts in several rows, subequal or imbricate with outer shorter than inner; inner sometimes grading into outer paleae. Receptacle conical or rarely flat, paleate; paleae boat-shaped, apex acute to apiculate, enveloping disc florets and inner ray florets. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1 to 3 rows; usually with staminodes, very rarely occasional neuter floret or bisexual floret with few fertile stamens. Styles bifurcate or sometimes undivided, exserted; style branches equal or unequal, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ray ovaries obovate, narrowly obovate, obconic, narrowly or linear obconic, or narrowly oblong, trigonous or, of inner ray florets, obovate, laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins. Ray cypselae obovate, narrowly obovate, narrowly or linear obconic, or narrowly oblong, trigonous, cypselae of inner ray florets obovate, laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins, margins upwards elongated into pappus awns. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of elongated awns and few smaller obtuse scales in between, in one species sometimes absent, or of scales only, or only one awn and scales. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many, very rarely occasional outer floret female; corolla tubular below, slightly widening upwards towards lobes, deeply 5-lobed. Anthers 5, exserted, with ovate to narrowly ovate apical appendages; bases caudate and calcarate, tails ciliate. Styles bifurcate; style branches linear to oblong, apex conical or obtuse, with ring of acute hairs around base of cone outside, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries obovate, narrowly obovate, linear-obconic or narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, glabrous or twin hairy or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins. Disc cypselae narrowly to very narrowly or broadly obovate, linear-obconical or narrowly oblong, laterally compressed, glabrous or twin hairy, or surfaces glabrous but twin hairy ciliate along margins, surface smooth or striated, margins elongated upwards into pappus awns. Disc pappus dimorphic, of awns and smaller, obtuse scales in between, in one species sometimes absent, or of scales only, or only one awn and scales.</p> <p>Geographic range:—Endemic to the eastern parts of southern Africa: eSwatini (Swaziland), Mozambique, South Africa.</p> <p>Key to the species of Callilepis</p> <p>1a. Involucral bracts narrow, subequal, ovaries and cypselae glabrous, vary rarely pectinate along margins...................................... 2</p> <p>1b. Involucral bracts ovate to broadly oblong, imbricate, outer shorter than inner, surfaces of ovaries and cypselae glabrous but margins long twin hairy ciliate or entire ovary and cypsela surfaces twin hairy............................................................................. 9</p> <p>2a. Leaves filiform to linear, ≤ 0.5–1.5(–2.0) mm broad.............................................................................................. 1. C. leptophylla</p> <p>2b. Leaves narrowly obovate, elliptic, linear elliptic or narrowly to broadly ovate, ≥ 2 mm broad...................................................... 3</p> <p>3a. Leaves semi-succulent, narrowly obovate or sometimes narrowly elliptic or linear, attenuate or tapering to petiole-like base, usually with a single prominent main vein and sometimes two faint side veins parallel to main vein, pappus of ray florets absent, OR consisting of scales only, OR a single long awn with smaller scales, rarely with 1 long awn and 2 shorter awns with smaller scales in between; pappus of disc florets absent, OR consisting of scales only, OR a single long awn with smaller scales; rarely with 1 long awn, 1 short awn and smaller scales in between..................................................................................... 2. C. lancifolia</p> <p>3b. Leaves elliptic or ovate, pappus of ray florets usually consisting of 1 long awn and 2 shorter awns with smaller scales in between or like those in disc florets; pappus of disc florets usually consisting of 1 long awn and 1 shorter awn with smaller scales in between............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>4a. Leaves elliptic or linear-elliptic........................................................................................................................................................ 5</p> <p>4b. Leaves ovate..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7</p> <p>5a. Capitula arranged in few-headed corymbose synflorescences, leaves linear-elliptic, apex acuminate to attenuate, blade narrowing to petiole-like base, with a prominent main vein......................................................................................................... 3. C. retiefiae</p> <p>5b. Capitula solitary, leaves narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3(5)-veined or with a prominent main vein and two faint lateral veins fading upwards............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6</p> <p>6a. Plants totally glabrous except for small hair tufts in leaf axils, leaves opposite or subopposite in lower part of stem, alternate upwards, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, rarely broadly elliptic, up to 45(–50) mm long, apex acute to bluntly acute or obtuse, base cuneate, narrowly cuneate, obtuse to rounded or rarely almost subcordate, confined to a small area in southern KwaZulu-Natal and north-eastern Eastern Cape, near the coast..................................................................................................................... 4. C. glabra</p> <p>6b. Plants glabrous or sparsely to more densely hairy, leaves opposite or subopposite basally, alternate or spirally arranged upwards, narrowly elliptic, tapering to both apex and base, up to 80(–105) mm long, apex attenuate, acuminate or acute, base petiole-like, attenuate, or narrowly cuneate to cuneate, widely distributed.................................................................................. 5. C. salicifolia</p> <p>7a. Involucral bracts tomentose, indumentum of leaves and stems tomentose, hairs evenly distributed on entire leaf surface................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. C. nepotiana</p> <p>7b. Involucral bracts glabrous or rarely with few longish curly hairs at base and margins ± ciliate, leaves and stems glabrous or sparsely to densely villous but hairs on leaves mostly along veins and leaf margins.................................................................................... 8</p> <p>8a. Capitula solitary..................................................................................................................................... 7a. C. laureola var. laureola</p> <p>8b. Capitula in few-headed corymbs.................................................................................................. 7b. C. laureola var. paucicephala</p> <p>9a. Shrub or small tree, leaves obovate, narrowly obovate or rarely very narrowly obovate, ≥ 3.5 mm broad, capitula solitary.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8. C. caerulea</p> <p>9b. Perennial herbs from underground rootstock, leaves linear, ≤ 2 mm broad, capitula in corymbose synflorescences................... 10</p> <p>10a. Surfaces of ovaries (and cypselae?) glabrous, margins long twin hairy ciliate, leaves linear, 42–65 × 1–2 mm, margin entire or distantly serrulate in the upper half......................................................................................................................... 9. C. corymbosa</p> <p>10b. Surfaces of ovaries (and cypselae?) densely covered with long twin hairs, leaves filiform, up to 80 mm long, ± 0.5 mm broad, margin entire................................................................................................................................................................ 10. C. normae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFD5AE7755DEFBA2FA5066AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFD6AE7255C0F943FEDB6723.text	038F6B05FFD6AE7255C0F943FEDB6723.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis leptophylla Harvey 1865	<div><p>. Callilepis leptophylla Harvey (1865: 136); Claassen (1969: t. 1554); Hilliard (1977: 288); Retief &amp; Herman (1997: 297).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. ‘Betchuanaland’, Machalisberg [North-West, Magaliesberg], (QDS: 2527DC Rustenburg), October 1841, Zeyher 1043 (lectotype SAM /NBG barcode SAM0038644-1, image, designated here; isolectotypes K barcode K000410210, P barcodes P00063646, P00063647, S barcode S14-14636, SAM/NBG barcodes SAM0038644-2, SAM0038644-3, all images).</p> <p>Note:—On the SAM specimen (barcode SAM0038644-2) the number 164.10 is written in pencil. According to Glen &amp; Germishuizen (2010), this number denotes the locality where the specimen was collected and the month of collection; the year also given by Glen &amp; Germishuizen (2010).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, 200–600 mm, rarely up to 1 m, high. Stems unbranched or branched, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, usually with hair tufts in leaf axils. Leaves subopposite, alternate or spirally arranged, sometimes some lowest leaves opposite, sessile, linear or filiform, rarely very narrowly obovate or linear-elliptic, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (5–)10–80 × ≤ 0.5–1.5(–2.0) mm, margin entire, sometimes sparsely and minutely serrulate in upper part, sometimes whitish or paler than rest of leaf blade, glabrous or with occasional hair or more hairy, blade glabrous, with occasional hair or more hairy, with prominent single main vein or in broader leaves sometimes with 2 faint side veins parallel to main vein. Capitula solitary, heterogamous, radiate. Involucre hemispherical or broadly campanulate, (12–)15–25(–30) mm wide. Involucral bracts in 3 or 4 rows, subequal, inner grading into outer (ray) paleae; outer row linear-triangular, narrowly triangular or rarely narrowly ovate-acuminate, 5–10 × 0.5–1.5(rarely up to 2.5) mm, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous, sometimes sparsely and minutely pectinate, glabrous or sometimes with few short hairs or rarely long hairs, surface glabrous, rarely with few hairs basally; second row narrowly triangular or narrowly to very narrowly ovate, acuminate to long acuminate, 5–10 × 0.8–1.8 mm, margin often very narrowly membranous, sometimes sparsely and minutely pectinate, glabrous or sometimes with few short hairs or rarely long hairs, surface glabrous, rarely with few hairs basally; third row narrowly ovate to ovate, 5–10 × 1.0– 2.5 mm, apex acuminate to long acuminate, margin narrowly membranous in lower half or all along, sparsely and minutely pectinate, glabrous or sometimes with few short hairs or rarely long hairs, surface glabrous, rarely with few hairs basally; fourth row/inner ray palea narrowly ovate, (long) acuminate, 5–10 × 1.5–2.0 mm, sometimes 2- or 3-lobed apically, margin membranous in lower part, slightly or distinctly folded inwards, upwards narrowly membranous, faintly pectinate and glabrous or with few short hairs, surface glabrous. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae boat-shaped, 4–7 mm long with 0.5–2.5 mm long acute to apiculate, dark apex, glabrous, enveloping inner ray and disc florets, often persistent for some time after florets have been shed. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1 to 3 rows; corolla white, cream, creamy white or yellowish; tube 0.5–2.5(–3.0) mm long, usually with 1 to 5 staminodes, 1.0– 2.5 mm long; limb (8–)10–15(–20) × 2–6(–8) mm, unlobed or minutely 2- or 3-, rarely 4-, lobed. Styles 2–5 mm long, exserted, bifurcate, branches sometimes unequal, rarely unlobed; style branches oblong, obtuse, 0.5–1.5 mm long, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent apically or entire inner face stigmatic. Ray ovaries obovate, trigonous, 2–5 mm long, glabrous, with membranous wing on side of longest pappus awn or sometimes on all three angles and continuing up into pappus awns but shape and wings not always distinguishable in very young ovaries. Ray cypselae usually asymmetrically obovate, trigonous, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, ribbed, glabrous, cypsela of inner ray florets often laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets. Ray pappus dimorphic, of awns and scales; longest awn (2.5–)3.0–4.0(–5.5) mm long, opposite ray limb, 2 shorter awns (1.5–)2.0–3.0(–4.0) mm long, rarely only one short awn or 3 short awns, with elliptic-obtuse lacerate scales among awns, ± 1 mm long. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla purple, violet or blackish, rarely white; tube 3–5 mm long, tubular below, with parallel sides basally, between basal and upper part often with ring-like thickening and from there widening narrowly funnelshaped upwards, 5-lobed; lobes 1–2 mm long, narrowly ovate, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, exserted; 1.5–2.0 mm long, with narrowly ovate apical appendages, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles 2.5–5.0(–5.5) mm long, bifurcate; style branches oblong, 0.5–1.5(–2.0) mm long, apex conical or obtuse with ring of acute hairs outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas confluent apically or entire inner face stigmatic. Disc ovaries obovate, 2.5–5.0 mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, with membranous wing on side of longest pappus awn and continuing up on it. Disc cypselae asymmetrically obovate, 4.0–5.5 × 2.0– 3.5 mm, laterally compressed, glabrous, ribbed, margins elongated upwards into pappus awns. Disc pappus dimorphic, of awns and scales; inner pappus awn longest, (2.5–)3.0–4.0(–5.0) mm long, opposite acute or apiculate palea apex, one shorter awn (1.5–)2.0–3.5(–4.5) mm long, sometimes 2 shorter awns; with scales in between awns, acute to obtuse, ± 1(2) mm long, apices lacerate. Flowering time August to January, May and June, with peak in October and November. Figs 1 B, C, 2 B, 6 A, 7 C, 8 A, B, 9 B, 13.</p> <p>Distinguishing characters:— Callilepis leptophylla is easily recognisable by its linear or filiform leaves with a prominent single main vein, solitary capitula with subequal, narrow involucral bracts, white ray florets and mostly dark purplish or rarely white disc florets, and glabrous cypselae. Growing in grassland, it is one of the first spring flowers to appear.</p> <p>In the following specimens white or paler disc florets were recorded: white ray and disc florets (Bester 16667, PRE); disc florets pink (Koekemoer 2534, PRE); rays white, discs maroon in bud, white when open, ageing dark brown to black (Reddy et al. 609, PRE).</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis leptophylla is near endemic in northern and eastern South Africa and is widely distributed from Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, eSwatini and KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 14). According to Victor (2016), the Red List Status of C. leptophylla is Least Concern.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Near Sandlane Border Post on road to Bhunya, grassland, gentle slope, well-drained, 1416 m, (QDS: 2630DB Carolina), 20 November 2002, Koekemoer 2534 (PRE). Inter Dalriach et Forbe’s Reef, in colle saxoso, in terra “High Veld” dicta, 6500 ped. [between Dalriach and Forbes Reef, on rocky hills, in area called “High Veld”, 1981 m], (QDS: 2631AA/AC Mbabane), December 1905, Bolus 12001 (PRE). Mbabane District, Dalriach, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 25 October 1957, Compton 27142 (NBG image, PRE). Mbabane District, Ukutula, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 13 November 1955, Compton 25250 (NBG image, PRE). Mbabane District, Ukutula, 4000 ft [1219 m], (flowering after fire in March), (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 17 June 1958, Compton 27884 (PRE). Mbabane District, Poliniane River, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 27 September 1962, Dlamini s.n. PRE 702612 (PRE). Mbabane District, Black Mbuluzi Valley, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 1 October 1958, Compton 28069 (NBG image, PRE). Mbabane District, Black Mbuluzi Valley, burnt area, 3500 ft [1067 m], (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 22 September 1959, Compton 29077 (PRE).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo: Pietersburg Division, hillside at Haenertsburg, (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), 20 October 1938, Hafström &amp; Acocks 1545 (PRE). Grassland westl. von Haenertsburg (Nähe Str. R 71) [W of Haenertsburg, near R 71, grassland], 1500 m, (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), 15 November 1991, Leverkusen RSA 16691 (PRE). Haenertsburg, (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), November 1913, Pott s.n. TvlMus13295 (PRE). Woodbush State Forest, Wegränder [roadside], 1600 m, (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), 15 November 1991, Leverkusen RSA 16791 (PRE). Woodbush (N Tvl), Mountain Home Farm, common on grassland ridges, 5100 ft [1554 m], (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), 18 December 1935, Mogg 14702 (PRE). Woodbush Forest Station, (QDS: 2329DD Pietersburg), December 1924, Van Dam s.n. PRE 59624 (PRE). Woodbush, Pypkop, mountain slope, grassland, 1821 m, (QDS: 2330CC Tzaneen), 4 November 2010, Kremer-Kohne 34 (PRE). Near Tzaneen, open rocky grassland, (QDS: 2330CC Tzaneen), 24 November 1985, Onderstall 1278 (PRE). Geelhoutkop, (QDS: 2428AD Nylstroom), January 1918, Breyer s.n. TvlMus18014 (PRE). Potgietersrus District, Sterkrivier Dam [Doorndraaidam?], deep sandy soil, (QDS: 2428BD Nylstroom), 21 October 1972, Van Vuuren 1840 (PRE). Warmbad, Gedeelte 19 van Gedeelte F van die plaas Cyferfontein Nr 434 [section 19 of section F of the farm Cyferfontein Nr 434], (QDS: 2428CC Nylstroom), 14 October 1972, Hanekom 1880 (PRE). Waterberg District, Nylstroom area, ± 100 m after Kranskop turn-off to Nylstroom along N1 highway, gentle E facing hill slope, savanna, sandy loam soil, 1391 m, (QDS: 2428CD Nylstroom), 4 October 2000, Burgoyne &amp; Klapwijk 4 (PRE). Warmbaths, (QDS: 2428CD Nylstroom), 21 October 1909, Leendertz s.n. TvlMus7586 (PRE). Potgietersrust, ad urbem P., in steppo aperto [at the town Potgietersrust, in open grassland], (QDS: 2429AA Zebediela), 16 October 1930, Fries, Norlindh &amp; Weimarck 1944 (PRE), Fries, Norlindh &amp; Weimarck 1944a (PRE). Pyramid Estate near Potgietersrust, mountain tops, 5600 ft [1707 m], (QDS: 2429AA Zebediela), 27 October 1922, Galpin 9145 (PRE). Zebediela, Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve, savanna, sandy granitic soil, 4500 ft [1372 m], (QDS: 2429AA Zebediela), 28 January 1968, Huntley 1086 (PRE). Pietersburg, Wolkberg Plateau, 16 miles [25.7 km] S of Boyne, sandy soil, (QDS: 2429BB Zebediela), 5 February 1961, Van Vuuren 1307 (PRE). The Downs 34 KT, slight NE facing slope, short sparse woodland, dark brown sand, 1481 m, (QDS: 2430AA Pilgrim’s Rest), 20 May 1986, Krynauw 1234 (PRE). The Downs, Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve, slight N facing slope, well-drained sandy soil, (QDS: 2430AA Pilgrim’s Rest), 8 October 1984, Stalmans 194 (PRE). Serala Peak, Farm Wolkberg 634 LT, open short montane grassland, slight NE facing slope, grey-brown sandy loam soil, 1760 m, (QDS: 2430AA Pilgrim’s Rest), 10 September 1985, Venter 10887 (PRE).</p> <p>North-West: Wolhuterskop, (QDS: 2527DA Rustenburg), August 1909, Crawley s.n. TvlMus10405 (PRE).</p> <p>Gauteng:Rustenburg, Uitkomst 499 JQ, naby suidwestelike hoekpaal, grasveld, effense konkawe noordfronthelling met dolomiet dagsome en sanderige leemgrond, 5000 ft [near south-western corner pole, grassveld, slight concave N facing slope with dolomite outcrops and sandy loam soil, 1524 m], (QDS: 2527DD Rustenburg), 19 November 1970, Coetzee 427 (PRE, PRU). Pretoria District, Zoutpan [Tswaing Meteorite Crater], (QDS: 2528AC Pretoria), December 1911, Van Dam s.n. PRE 59601 (PRE). Pretoria, Onderstepoort, (QDS: 2528CA Pretoria), 27 September 1912, Theiler 9199 [PRE 740036] (PRE). Pretoria, Rietondale flats, grassveldt, (QDS: 2528CA Pretoria), November 1934, Leemann s.n. PRE 43264 (PRE). Pretoria, Swartspruit, (QDS: 2528CA Pretoria), 27 October 1917, Pole-Evans 401 (PRE). Pretoria, 4800 ft [1463 m], (QDS: 2528CA Pretoria), 15 November 1893, Schlechter 3697 (PRE, 2 sheets; PRU); TvlMus1950 (PRE). Pretoria, National Botanical Garden, grassland N and NW from Education Building, welldrained sandy soil, recently burned, 1364 m, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 4 November 2003, Bester 4324 (PRE). Pretoria, National Botanical Garden, grassland S of road to nursery, sandy red soil, burnt in winter, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 1 December 1993, Hobson 1970 (PRE, PRU). Pretoria, Botanical Research Institute, open grassland, occurs naturally in area, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 28 November 1986, Joffe 147 (PRE). Pretoria, wild National Botanical Garden, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 9 October 1967, Collett 61 / Killick s.n.?(3836 [FPA]) PRE 30281 (PRE). Pretoria, BRI PNBG [Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria National Botanical Garden], recently mown grassland, well-drained loam soil, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 2 October 1984, Turner 232 (PRE). Pretoria, Silverton, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 27 October 1959, Schlieben &amp; Strey SKF834 (PRE). Pretoria, Silverton, on bank alongside fence along Premier Mine Road, (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 28 October 1925, Smith 1085 (PRE). Pretoria Distrik, Roodeplaatdamnatuurreservaat, goedgedreineerde sandgrond [Pretoria District, Roodeplaatdam Nature Reserve, well-drained sandy soil], (QDS: 2528CB Pretoria), 15 October 1979, Van Rooyen 1941 (PRE, PRU). Pretoria District, open veld E of Christoburg and S of Laudium, gentle S facing hill slope, grassland, recently burned, 1431 m, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 29 October 2021, Bester 16667 (PRE). Pretoria, Pinedene near Irene, shallow gravelly soil, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 27 October 1904, Burtt-Davy 2309 (PRE). Irene, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 30 October 1906, Leendertz s.n. TvlMus(909)8704 (PRE). Pretoria, Klapperkop, S valleys, 4500 ft [1372 m], (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 8 October 1928, Mogg 15418 (PRE). Pretoria, Fountains, hillside, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), November 1928, Munro P.S. 164 (PRE). Pretoria District, Irene, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), October 1929, Obermeyer 92 (TvlMus27715) (PRE). Pretoria, Groenkloof, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 9 October 1924, Pole-Evans 464 (PRE, 2 sheets). Pretoria, Fountains, hillside in grass, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 22 October 1928, Repton 37 (PRE). Pretoria, N slope of Klapperkop, ± halfway up the hillside, 4520 ft [1378 m], (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 13 September 1925, Smith 584 (PRE). Pretoria, Waterkloof, hill slope, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 18 November 1919, Verdoorn 46 (PRE). Pretoria, [?Fountains Valley—not on original label], hill slopes, (QDS: 2528CC Pretoria), 22 October 1928, Verdoorn 529 (PRE). Pretoria, between Government House and Old Fort on Hill Crest, amongst grasses, 4550 ft [1387 m], (QDS: 2528CA/CC Pretoria), 14 November 1926, Smith 3339 (PRE). Pretoria, Pretoria University Farm, near wireless masts, dense grassveld, (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 6 October 1946, Codd 1764 (PRE). Pretoria, University Farm, (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 1 November 1947, Robertson 6 (PRE). Pretoria, 10 miles [16 km] SE of Pretoria on Delmas road, grassveld, (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 1956, Letty 355 (PRE). Pretoria, Garstfontein, open grassveld among rock outcrop, (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 24 October 1937, Repton 1122 (PRE). Pretoria District, Rietvlei Reserve, grass hillslopes, E of vlei, red soil, 4500 ft [1372 m], (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 9 October 1947, Repton 3434 (PRE). Pretoria, La Montagne, rant N van Chambord W/S [hill N of Chambord flats], (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 30 September 1978, Van Wyk 2411 (PRE, PRU). Pretoria, Faerie Glen, langs Moreletta spruit, vleigrond [along Moreletta spruit, clayey soil], (QDS: 2528CD Pretoria), 3 December 1984, Van Wyk 6855 (PRE). Bronkhorstspruit, Ogies, Goedvertroudt, Farm 499 JR, gentle mountain slope, welldrained sandy loam soil, grassland, 1554 m, (QDS: 2528DD Pretoria), 6 November 2009, Swelankomo 330 (PRE). Krugersdorp, Zwartkrans Caves, (QDS: 2627BB Potchefstroom), October 1898, Gilfillan 7a (PRE 2335) (PRE). Johannesburg, kaal erwe langs Monkor en Jukskeiweg en omgewing in Kelland [empty plots along Monkor and Jukskei roads and surroundings in Kelland], (QDS: 2627BB Potchefstroom), 2 November 1976, Liebenberg 8495 (PRE). Randburg District, Robindale, park on the corner of Bellairs Street and Gaiety Avenue, on basalt, base of ridge, 1800 m, (QDS: 2627BB Potchefstroom), 24 September 1997, Reddy, R. A., Reddy, K. B. &amp; Reddy, P. 493 (PRE). Roodepoort District, 2 km NE of WWR [Witwatersrand] Botanical Garden [Walter Sisulu Botanical Garden], Stallion Road, Ruimsig Entomological Reserve, on basalt, flat grassland, 1630 m, (QDS: 2627BB Potchefstroom), 3 October 1997, Reddy, R. A., Reddy K. B. &amp; Reddy P. 609 (PRE). Johannesburg, ad pagum Rosebank [in Rosebank area], (QDS: 2628AA Johannesburg), 25 October 1930, Fries 5382 [? 115] (PRE). Johannesburg, (QDS: 2628AA Johannesburg), December 1908, Leendertz s.n. TvlMus6086 (PRE). Doornfontein 24 farm, Johannesburg, rocky hillside, (QDS: 2628AA Johannesburg), 13 November 1948, Prosser P 1131 (PRE).</p> <p>Mpumalanga: Pilgrimsrest, slope above Blijde River [Blyde River] at the lower end of the town, (QDS: 2430DD Pilgrim’s Rest), 18 November 1937, Galpin 14555 (PRE). Pilgrim’s Rest, farm Ledovine 507 KT, closed grassland, slight E facing slope, dark brown clayey loam soil, 457 m, (QDS: 2430DD Pilgrim’s Rest), 18 November 1986, Raal &amp; Raal 907 (PRE). Witbank, Loskopdam, Nooitgedacht, sandgrond [sandy soil], (QDS: 2529AC Witbank), 21 October 1967, Theron 1579 (PRE, PRU). Middelburg District, Loskopdam Nature Reserve, Bushveld, 3100–4500 ft [945–1372 m], (QDS: 2529AC/AD Witbank), 5 October 1959, Mogg 30546 (PRE). Middelburg District, 10 km NNE of Roossenekal, Mapochs grounds, Farm Sterkstroom, gentle NW facing slope, savanna, recently burned, well-drained sandy soil, 1449 m, (QDS: 2529BB Witbank), 24 October 2010, Bester 10305 (PRE). Middelburg, Tautesberg, side of kloof, dry and moist situations, (QDS: 2529BD Witbank), 9 November 1933, Young A 173 (PRE). Middelburg District, ± 15 km N of Middelburg on road to Loskopdam, grassland, black turf soil, roadside, recently burned, 1576 m, (QDS: 2529CB Witbank), 26 October 2010, Bester 10338 (PRE). Near Witbank Station, (QDS: 2529CC Witbank), December 1905, Gilfillan 7200 (PRE). Middelburg, Pokwani, (QDS: 2529CD Witbank), October 1921, Rogers 24837 (TvlMus 24255) (PRE). Farm Weltevrede 224, Witklip road, red brown clay soil, (QDS: 2530AD Lydenburg), 8 November 1984, Steyn 31 (PRE). Carolina District, ± 11 km NNW of Badplaas, gentle NW facing hill slope, grassland, welldrained loam soil, 1192 m, (QDS: 2530DC Lydenburg), 27 November 2017, Bester 13889 (BNRH image, PRE). Witbank area, in the veld near Argent, (QDS: 2628BB Johannesburg), October 1930, Murray 643 (NBG image, PRE). Carolina, (QDS: 2630AA Carolina), September 1915, Roberts s.n. TvlMus15869 (PRE). Zwischen Badplaas und Lochiel, Wegrander [Between Badplaas and Lochiel, roadside], (QDS: 2630BA Carolina), 7 December 1989, Luck RSA 15389 (PRE). Songimvelo, Eerstehoek, grassland, (QDS: 2630BB Carolina), 21 October 1998, Brand 46 (PRE, PRU). Piet Retief District, Iswepe, grassveld, (QDS: 2630DC Carolina), 14 August 1948, Sidey 1484 (PRE). Piet Retief, (QDS: 2730BB Vryheid), January 1921, Shultz s.n. PRE 43273 (PRE).</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal:Paulpietersburg, rocky grassy hillslope, (QDS:2730BD Vryheid), 23 October 1982, Germishuizen 2367 (PRE). Louwsburg, near Itala Nature Reserve, sparse thornveld, (QDS: 2731CB Louwsburg), December 2001, Edwards &amp; Beaumont 2169 (NU image, PRE). Ladysmith, (QDS: 2829DB Harrismith), November 1906, Rogers s.n. TvlMus5061 (PRE). Port Shepstone, Gibraltar, grassland, (QDS: 3030CB Port Shepstone), 5 November 1972, Strey 11035 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFD6AE7255C0F943FEDB6723	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFD3AE7E55C0F8CBFB576437.text	038F6B05FFD3AE7E55C0F8CBFB576437.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis lancifolia Burtt Davy	<div><p>. Callilepis lancifolia Burtt Davy in Burtt Davy &amp; Hutchinson (1936: 84); Retief &amp; Herman (1997: 296).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Transvaal [Mpumalanga]: Carolina, (QDS: 2630AA Carolina), 5600 ft [1707 m], November 1917, Rogers 19689 (holotype K barcode K000410209, image).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, 250–400(–470) mm high. Stems unbranched, rarely sparsely branched, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, glabrous, hairy to sparsely hairy, with small hair tufts in leaf axils, often hairy below capitula. Leaves lowest opposite or subopposite, upwards alternate or spirally arranged, narrowly obovate or sometimes narrowly elliptic or linear, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (13–)18–65(–68) × (1.5–)2.0–7.0(–8.5) mm, apex attenuate, acuminate or acute, sometimes mucronate, base petiole-like or attenuate, margin whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire, rarely in some leaves minutely and distantly serrulate in upper part of leaf, glabrous, with occasional hair or hairy to sparsely hairy, blade glabrous, with occasional hair or with some hairs especially along main vein on lower surface, or hairy to sparsely hairy, usually with prominent main vein and sometimes (in broader leaves) two faint side veins parallel to main vein, sometimes more distinctly 3-veined, semi-succulent. Capitula solitary, heterogamous, radiate. Involucre hemispherical, 17–25(–30) mm wide. Involucral bracts in 3 or 4(5) rows, subequal, inner grading into outer (ray) paleae; outer row linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate, 6.5–7.5(–10.0) × 1.0– 1.5 mm, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous, glabrous or with long or short hairs in lower half, short hairs upwards, sometimes finely pectinate basally, surface glabrous, sometimes with few hairs basally; second row linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular or very narrowly ovate, (6.0–)8.0–9.5 × (1.0–)1.4–2.0(–2.5) mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous, densely long-hairy all along or only in lower part, upper part glabrous, or sparsely hairy or faintly pectinate in lower part, surface glabrous or sparsely hairy basally; third row narrowly triangular, narrowly or very narrowly ovate, (5.5–)7.0–8.5(–10.5) × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous, glabrous or densely long-hairy in lower part, or sparsely and minutely pectinate in lower part and upwards with some hairs, surface glabrous or sparsely hairy on lower part, glabrous in upper part; fourth row ovate or narrowly ovate, 6.5–10.0 × 2.0–2.5(–3.0) mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin ± (narrowly) membranous, faintly pectinate in lower part, sometimes with some hairs, surface glabrous or sparsely hairy in lower part; inner row/ray palea narrowly ovate, (6.5–)8.0(–9.0) × 2.0– 2.5 mm, apex shortly acute or acuminate, margin membranous in lower part and folded inwards there, surface glabrous. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae boat-shaped, 5–7(–8) mm long with (0.5–)1.0– 1.5 mm long, acute to apiculate, dark apex, enveloping disc florets. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1, 2 or rarely 3 rows; corolla white, whitish, cream, creamy white; tube (1.0–)2.0(–3.5) mm long; limb (8.2–)11.0–15.0(–17.0) × (3.0–)4.0–6.5(–7.0) mm, minutely, rarely deeply, sometimes unevenly, 2- or 3-lobed, or unlobed; staminodes (0)2 to 4(5), 1–2 mm long, often exserted. Styles (2.5–)3.0–5.0(–5.5) mm long, exserted, upper part below style branches often cup-shaped, bifurcate; style branches oblong or linear, (0.8–)1.0–1.5(–2.0) mm long, apex obtuse or acute, with (broad) marginal stigmatic areas confluent apically (basally separated but apically confluent) or entire inner surface stigmatic, purplish in fresh state. Ovaries obovate, trigonous or those of second and third rows of ray florets obovate, laterally compressed like those of disc florets, (2.0–)2.5–4.0 mm long, glabrous, sometimes with membranous wings. Ray cypselae rarely present in collected material, obovate, trigonous or inner rows obovate, laterally compressed like those of disc florets, (3.0–)4.0(–4.5) × (1.5–)2.0(–2.5) mm, ribbed, glabrous, with membranous wing on one side. Ray pappus variable: some ovaries/cypselae with no awns, only elliptic-obtuse or sometimes acute, lacerate scales, ≤0.5–1.0 mm long OR ovaries/cypselae with one long awn, 2–4 mm long and elliptic-obtuse or sometimes acute lacerate scales, 0.5–1.5 mm long OR ovaries/ cypselae with one long awn, 2–4 mm long, one or two longish elliptic-obtuse awn(-s) or scale-like awn(-s), 1–3 mm long and elliptic-obtuse lacerate scales among awns, 0.5–1.5 mm long, OR sometimes pappus absent. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla brownish, dark purple, purple black, black, dirty pink, but white also recorded; tube 4.0–4.5(–5.0) mm long, tubular, with parallel sides basally, between basal and upper part often with ring-like thickening and from there widening narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, 5-lobed; lobes (narrowly) ovate, 1–2 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, exserted, 1.5–2.0 mm long, apical appendages ovate or narrowly ovate, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0(–1.5) mm long, ciliate. Styles (3.0–)4.0–5.2(–6.0) mm long, upper part below style branches often cup-shaped, bifurcate; style branches linear to oblong, (0.8–)1.0– 1.5 mm long, apex conical, broadly conical or obtuse, with acute hairs outside at base of cone, entire inner surface stigmatic or marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically broadly confluent, purplish in fresh state. Ovaries obovate, 2.5–5.0 mm long, laterally compressed, sometimes with membranous wing, glabrous. Disc cypselae rarely present in collected material, obovate, rarely elliptic, (3.5–)3.8–4.5 × (1.6–)2.0–2.5(–3.0) mm, laterally compressed, ribbed, glabrous. Disc pappus variable: some ovaries/cypselae with no awns, only elliptic-obtuse or sometimes acute lacerate scales, ≤ 0.5–1.5 mm long OR ovaries/cypselae with one long awn, 2–4 mm long and elliptic-obtuse lacerate scales, ± 1 mm long OR ovaries/cypselae with one long awn, 2–4 mm long, one or two shorter awn(-s) or scale-like awn(-s), 1.5–3.0 mm long and elliptic-obtuse lacerate scales among awns, ± 1 mm long, OR sometimes pappus absent. Flowering time October to December, one record for February, with peak in December. Figs 7 A, 8 C, D, 9 C, D, 15.</p> <p>Distinguishing characters:— Callilepis lancifolia can be distinguished by its semi-succulent, narrowly obovate or sometimes narrowly elliptic or linear leaves with attenuate, acuminate or acute apex and attenuate or tapering petiole-like base, usually with a single, prominent main vein and sometimes two faint side veins parallel to main vein, solitary capitula with subequal, narrow involucral bracts, white ray florets, dark purplish or white disc florets, and glabrous cypselae. Burtt Davy (1936) described the pappus as consisting of only one, very narrow, scale [awn] as a distinguishing character.Although this character can be seen as diagnostic, it is variable and should be used cautiously. In some cases, in both the ray and disc florets, the pappus can be absent, OR the long pappus awn(-s) is/are totally absent and only small scales are present while in other instances one long pappus awn and smaller scales are present (as described by Burtt Davy 1936) (Figs 8C, D, 9 C, D). However there are also florets in a capitulum where the pappus is similar to those of the other taxa in the genus, i.e. in the ray florets one long awn, two shorter awns as well as smaller scales in between and in the disc florets one long awn, one shorter awn as well as smaller scales in between. It is necessary to study more than one capitulum in a collection/population to verify the identification of the specimen.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis lancifolia is endemic to South Africa and occurs in Mpumalanga and northern KwaZuluNatal (Fig. 16). According to Kamundi &amp; Victor (2005), the Red List Status of C. lancifolia is Least Concern.</p> <p>Note:— Burtt Davy (1936) quoted two specimens in his original description: Rogers 19689 (K), which he designated as the type, and Rogers 21285 with no indication of herbarium location. One Rogers 21285 specimen was located in the GRA herbarium. According to Burtt Davy (1936) Rogers 21285 was collected at Kaapsche Hoop in the Barberton District. However, the label on the Rogers 21285 specimen housed in GRA seems to contain a mixture of information of the two specimens: the same locality information as that of the type specimen (Carolina, Transvaal) but with a different date (November 1915). No date was reported for the specimen in Burtt Davy (1936).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: Along N4 between Belfast and Machadodorp, 1600 m, (QDS: 2530CA Lydenburg), 5 December 2001, Bayer, Chandler, Koekemoer SAF-01009 (PRE). Along N4 between Belfast and Machadodorp, gentle hill slope, grassland, 1602 m, (QDS: 2530CA Lydenburg), 5 December 2001, Koekemoer 2111 (PRE). Along N4, ± 10 km from Belfast between Paardeplaas and Eerstelingfontein turnoffs, roadside, grassland, recently burned, 1908 m, (QDS: 2530CA Lydenburg), 7 December 2020, Koekemoer 5555 (PRE). Belfast, (QDS: 2530CA Lydenburg), December 1923, Pole-Evans s.n. PRE 43276 (PRE). 7 miles [11.2 km] E of Belfast, open grassy position, (QDS: 2530CA Lydenburg), 10 October 1950, Prosser 1511 / J. B. G. 1682 (PRE). Machadodorp, (QDS: 2530CB Lydenburg), 9 October 1954, Strey 2807 (PRE). Carolina District, on R 36 between Machadodorp and Carolina, ± 10 km NNE of Carolina, roadside, moderate ESE facing rocky hill slope, grassland, 1712 m, (QDS: 2530CC Lydenburg), 27 November 2017, Bester 13928 (PRE). Carolina [? rather Barberton District, Kaapsche Hoop [Kaapsehoop], (QDS: 2530DB Lydenburg), November 1915, Rogers 21285 (GRA). On road between Jambila and Badplaas, 46 km from Barberton, (QDS: 2530DC Lydenburg), 12 February 1985, Clarke 1320 (PRE). Carolina, Leeuwpoort 195, clearing among belt of pines, (QDS: 2630AA Carolina), 22 December 1907, Burtt-Davy 7384 (PRE). Carolina, grassy fields, 5500–5650 ft [1676–1722 m], (QDS: 2630AA Carolina), 10 October 1932, Galpin 12433 (PRE). Carolina District, on R 38 between Badplaas and Carolina, ca. 8.26 km along turn-off to Doornkloof and Jessievale, farm Kleinbuffelspruit 31 IT, grassland, 1799 m, (QDS: 2630AB Carolina), 11 December 2008, Bester 8899 (PRE). Along gravel road between Badplaas and Chrissiesmeer, roadside, plain, grassland, 1744 m, (QDS: 2630AB Carolina), 23 November 2009, Koekemoer 3863 (BNRH image, PRE). Ermelo District, near farm Hereford, between Lothair and Swaziland [eSwatini], banks of Umpilusi River [Mpuluzi River], NE slope, grassveld, 4500 ft [1372 m], (QDS: 2630BD Carolina), 15 December 1945, Story 677 (PRE). Ermelo P.K. [P.O.], Athole Landbou navorsingstasie [Research Station], 4700 ft [1433 m], (QDS: 2630CB Carolina), 5 December 1947, Gericke A.40 (PRE).</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal: Amajuba District Municipality Area, Utrecht Municipality Area, Luiperdkloof Farm, Utrecht, SE facing mountain slope, grassland, (QDS: 2730AD Vryheid), 18 November 2010, Makanya 38 (PRE). [eDumbe Municipality], Pivaanspoort, (QDS: 2730BD Vryheid), December 2006, Edwards 3463 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFD3AE7E55C0F8CBFB576437	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFDFAE7855DEFBB7FE016247.text	038F6B05FFDFAE7855DEFBB7FE016247.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis retiefiae P. P. J. Herman 2022	<div><p>3. Callilepis retiefiae P.P.J.Herman, sp. nov.</p> <p>Similar to C. corymbosa and C. normae but with subequal, narrow involucral bracts and broader leaves. Also similar to C. leptophylla but with corymbose synflorescence and linear-elliptic leaves 3.5–5.5 mm wide.</p> <p>Type: — SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Mankaiana District, Mankaiana [Mankayane], among rocks, 4500 ft [1372 m], (QDS: 2631CA Mbabane), 3 February 1958, Compton 27498 (holotype PRE; isotype NBG, image). Fig. 17.</p> <p>Etymology:—Named for Dr Elizabeth Retief, my former colleague and friend who sadly subcombed to Covid-19 related complications.</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb up to 600 mm high. Stem unbranched, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, linear-elliptic, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, 33–80 × 3.5–5.5 mm, apex acuminate to attenuate, narrowing into petiole-like base, margin entire, whitish or paler than rest of blade, surface glabrous, with prominent main vein and sometimes with 2 faint side veins. Capitula arranged in corymbose synflorescence, heterogamous, radiate. Involucre ± hemispherical, 18–25 mm wide. Involucral bracts in ± 5 rows, subequal, glabrous; outer row narrowly triangular, 9 × 2 mm; second row narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate, 9 × 1.8 mm, apex (long) acuminate, margin very narrowly membranous in lower part and faintly pectinate there; third row narrowly ovate, 10 × 2 mm, apex acuminate, margin narrowly membranous in lower part and faintly pectinate there; fourth row narrowly ovate, 10 × 2.5 mm, apex acuminate, margin membranous in lower half and faintly pectinate there; fifth row narrowly ovate, 9 × 2.2 mm, apex shortly acuminate, margin membranous. Receptacle paleate; paleae boatshaped, 7–8 mm long with ± 2 mm long dark brown tip. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, corolla cream; tube 2.0– 2.5 mm long; limb 7 × 3 mm, minutely 3-lobed. Staminodes 2 or 3. Styles 3.0– 3.5 mm long, bifurcate, exserted; style branches oblong, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas confluent apically. Ovary trigonous-obovate, 4.0– 4.5 mm long, margins ciliate. Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 5 mm long, 2 slightly shorter awns, 4.0– 4.5 mm long and obtuse scales, 1.0– 1.5 mm long, between the awns. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, corolla dark; tube 3.5 mm long, 5-lobed; lobes 1.5–1.8 mm long. Anthers 2 mm long, apical appendages narrowly ovate, ± 1 mm long; bases caudate and calcarate, tails ± 1 mm long, ciliate. Styles 3.0– 4.5 mm long, bifurcate; style branches oblong, 1.0– 1.5 mm long, apex conical with acute hairs outside at base of cone, with marginal stigmatic areas confluent apically. Ovary obovate, 6 mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous (?). Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 5 mm long, two shorter awns, 4.0– 4.5 mm long and obtuse scales 1.5–2.0 mm long, between the awns. Flowering time: February.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters:— Callilepis retiefiae is characterised by the glabrous stems, leaves and involucral bracts, the linear-elliptic leaves with a prominent main vein, acuminate to attenuate apex and narrowing into a petiole-like base, the entire leaf margin, the capitula arranged in a corymbose synflorescence with subequal, narrow involucral bracts. It differs from the other taxa with corymbose synflorescences by the subequal, narrow involucral bracts and the slightly broader leaves. The other taxa with corymbose synflorescences have broad, imbricate involucral bracts and narrow leaves. Callilepis retiefiae differs from C. laureola var. paucicephala by its linear-elliptic leaves; those of C. laureola var. paucicephala are narrowly to broadly ovate.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis retiefiae seems to be endemic to eSwatini and is currently known from the type locality and one other locality in the same country (Fig. 18).</p> <p>Additional specimen examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Mbabane District, Ukutula, (QDS: 2631AC Mbabane), 18 February 1955, Compton 24941 (2 sheets) (NBG, images).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFDFAE7855DEFBB7FE016247	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFD9AE4455C0F899FD0E677B.text	038F6B05FFD9AE4455C0F899FD0E677B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis glabra Candolle 1836	<div><p>. Callilepis glabra Candolle (1836: 671).</p> <p>= Callilepis laureola var. glabra (DC.) Sonder in Harvey (1865: 136); Hilliard (1977: 287); Wild (1980: 92).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Natal [KwaZulu-Natal]: Omsamculo, Grasshöhe, 400 ft [Umzimkulu, grassy hills, 122 m], (QDS: 3030CB Port Shepstone), 3 May 1832, Drege 5115 (lectotype G-DC barcode G00456480!, designated here; isolectotypes P barcodes P00063632, P00063633, P00063634). Fig. 4.</p> <p>= Callilepis glabra var. kraussii Schulz Bipontinus (1844: 673). Type: —[South Africa.] In arenosis graminosis circa Natalbai [in sandy grassveld, Natal Bay (?Durban)], (QDS: probably 2931CC Stanger), Julio 1839, [July 1839], Krauss 281 (lectotype TUB barcode TUB-005377, image, designated here; isolectotypes P barcode P 00063636, image, TUB barcode TUB-005378, image).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, 300–450(–550) mm high. Stems sparsely branched or unbranched, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, glabrous or very rarely with occasional hair, but with sparse hair tufts in leaf axils. Leaves sessile, opposite or subopposite in lower half of stem, upper alternate, narrowly elliptic or elliptic, rarely broadly elliptic, sometimes lower leaves narrowly ovate or ovate, decreasing upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (10–)15–50(–52) × 3–15(–25) mm, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes obtuse, base cuneate, narrowly cuneate, obtuse to rounded or rarely almost subcordate, margin glabrous or very rarely with occasional hair, whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire, or sometimes sparsely and minutely serrulate in upper part of leaf, blade glabrous, 3(rarely 5)-veined from base, but sometimes prominent main vein and 2 faint side veins. Capitula solitary, heterogamous, radiate. Involucre hemispherical, 15–25(–30) mm wide. Involucral bracts in 3 or 4, rarely only 2 or up to 5 rows, subequal, glabrous, inner grading into outer paleae; outer row linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, rarely very narrowly elliptic or very narrowly ovate, (5.8–)6.0–11.0(–14.0) × 0.8–1.5 mm, apex (long) acuminate or acute, margin paler or narrowly to very narrowly membranous, sometimes faintly pectinate in lower part, surface glabrous; second row linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, oblong or narrowly oblong or (rarely) narrowly ovate, (5.6–)6.0–10.0(–13.0) × 1.0– 1.8 mm, apex acute or (long) acuminate, margin paler, narrowly or very narrowly membranous, sometimes faintly pectinate in lower part, surface glabrous; third row/ray palea linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, (very) narrowly ovate, rarely oblong or rarely narrowly obovate, (5.0–)6.0–8.0(–11.5) × 1.0–2.0(– 2.5) mm, apex acute or acuminate to long acuminate, margin narrowly to very narrowly membranous, sometimes faintly pectinate in lower part or all along, sometimes folded inwards, surface glabrous; fourth row/ray palea linear-triangular, narrowly ovate, 5.5–11.5 × 1–2 mm, apex (long) acuminate, margin (very narrowly) membranous, sometimes folded inwards, sometimes faintly pectinate in lower half, surface glabrous; fifth row/ray palea narrowly ovate, 6.5–7.0 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, apex acuminate, margin membranous, faintly pectinate in lower part, lower part folded inwards, surface glabrous. Receptacle paleate, paleae boat-shaped, (4.5–)5.0–7.5(–9.0) mm long with 1.0–1.5(–2.0) mm long acute or acuminate, dark apex, glabrous, often with very narrow membranous wing along back. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1, 2 or 3 rows; corolla white, cream or light yellow; tube (0.5–)1.0–2.5(–3.0) mm long, limb (10–)12–16(–23) × 3.0–6.5(–9.0) mm, minutely 2- or 3-lobed or unlobed. Staminodes (0)1 to 3, ± 1–2 mm long. Styles (2.0–)2.8–3.5(–4.2) mm long, exserted, bifurcate, branches sometimes unequal or often undivided, undivided styles (2.8–)3.0– 3.5 mm long; style branches oblong or linear-elliptic, (0.4–) 0.5–1.5 mm long, uneven or sometimes one lobe under-developed, unlobed style branch oblong, 0.5–1.2 mm long, apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent in broad band or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ray ovaries obovatetrigonous, 2.0–3.5(–4.0) mm long, or those of inner ray florets often laterally compressed as in disc florets, glabrous. Ray cypselae (only two seen) usually obovate-trigonous, 3.5–4.5 × 1.8–2.0 mm, glabrous. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 2.5–4.5(–5.0) mm long, (one)two shorter awns, (1.5–)2.0– 3.5 mm long and few smaller obtuse scales in between, ± 1.0(–1.5) mm long, apices often lacerate. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla purple, maroon, brown, violet-black or black; tube (2.0–)3.0–4.0(–4.5) mm long, tubular with parallel sides basally, between basal and upper part often with ring-like thickening and from there widening narrowly funnelshaped upwards, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, 1–2 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, 1.5–2.0 mm long, exserted, apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.5 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles (2–)3–4(–5) mm long, exserted, bifurcate, upper part below branches sometimes cup-shaped; style branches oblong or linear, (0.5–)0.8–1.0(–1.2) mm long, apex broadly conical, with acute hairs outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent in broad band, or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries obovate, (2–) 3–5 mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, margins slightly winged. Disc cypselae (4 seen) obovate, (4.0–)5.0(–5.5) × (2.2–)2.5(–3.0) mm, laterally compressed, ribbed, glabrous. Disc pappus dimorphic, consisting of one (rarely two) long awn(-s), 2.5–4.0 mm long, one (rarely two) shorter awn(-s), 1.5–3.0(–3.5) mm long and smaller, oblong-obtuse scales in between, 1–2 mm long, apices often lacerate. Flowering time: July to June (throughout the year). Figs 19, 20.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters:— Callilepis glabra can be recognised by totally glabrous plants except for hair tufts in the leaf axils, its narrowly elliptic or elliptic, rarely broadly elliptic leaves, sometimes lower leaves narrowly ovate or ovate, leaves are ± regularly set along the stems and ± similar in size throughout for a specific specimen, arranged more obviously opposite in ± lower half of stems, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes obtuse, base cuneate, narrowly cuneate, obtuse to rounded or rarely almost subcordate, solitary capitula with narrow, subequal involucral bracts, white, cream or light yellow ray florets, purplish or blackish disc florets and glabrous cypselae. Callilepis salicifolia also has elliptic leaves, but they taper on both sides towards the apex and base, the apex is usually attenuate, acuminate or acute and the base narrowed petiole-like, attenuate or narrowly cuneate to cuneate, and it has a different distribution.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis glabra is endemic to South Africa and has a small distribution area in southern KwaZulu-Natal and north-eastern Eastern Cape, usually found near the coast (Fig. 18).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal: In apertis, Claremont, Umgebung von Durban [open places, Claremont near Durban], 15 m, (QDS: 2930DD Pietermaritzburg), 26 June 1893, Schlechter 2835 (PRE, 2 sheets). Inanda District, Verulam, disturbed ground, 1000 ft [305 m], (QDS: 2931CA Stanger), 28 July 1965, Moll 1841 (NU image, PRE). Berea, open places, 250 ft [76 m], (QDS: 2931CC Stanger), 13 June 1893, Medley Wood 4873 (PRE). Scottburgh near Durban, (QDS: 3030BD Port Shepstone), July 1914, Wahl s.n. TvlMus14028 (PRE). Umtentweni District, coastal, grassveld, (QDS: 3030CB Port Shepstone), December 1956, Repton 4515 (PRE). Port Edward District, Umtamvuna Nature Reserve, Farm Clearwater, near cottage, steep, rocky slope, grassland, recently burned, (QDS: 3030CC Port Shepstone), 18 July 1995, Germishuizen 8068 (PRE). Port Shepstone, Uvongo Beach, short grass/bush clump vegetation, 300 ft [91 m], (QDS: 3030CD Port Shepstone), March 1967, Liebenberg 7984 (PRE). Port Shepstone, Uvongo Beach, in kort gras op sandgrondbult [in short grass on hillock in sandy soil], 300 ft [91 m], (QDS: 3030CD Port Shepstone), April 1968, Liebenberg 8104 (PRE). Port Shepstone District, Shelley Bay, sandy soil, littoral shrub, (QDS: 3030CD Port Shepstone), December 1930, Mogg 12124 (PRE). South Coast, St Michaels-on-Sea, (QDS: 3030CD Port Shepstone), 12 January 1937, Mogg 13427 (PRE). Port Shepstone District, Marina Beach, sandy hills, (QDS: 3030CD Port Shepstone), 9 August 1965, Strey 5945 (NU image, PRE). Port Shepstone, (QDS: 3030CB/ CD Port Shepstone), June 1904, Burtt-Davy 2405 (PRE). Port Shepstone, (QDS: 3030CB/CD Port Shepstone), April 1897?, No Collector 408?/ PRE 4991 (PRE). Omsamcaba, 800 ft [Umsikaba, 244 m], (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 21 February 1832, Drege 5115 (P barcode P 00063623, image). Port Edward, Clearwater, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 23 July 1982, Abbott 119 (PRE, PRU). Just outside Port Edward on road to Bizana, hillside, grassland, recently burned, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 20 September 1996, Germishuizen 8666 (PRE). 2 km from Umtamvuna bridge on Port Edward road, seaward slope of grassland, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 10 December 1985, Pienaar 769 (PRE). 3 km from Umtamvuna River bridge on road to Port Edward, roadside grassveld, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 10 December 1985, Pienaar 791 (PRE). Port Edward, burnt hillside, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 12 September 1981, Stirton 9067 (PRE). Port Shepstone District, Port Edward hills, mountain grassveld, ± 600 ft [183 m], (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 25 October 1962, Strey 4500 (PRE).</p> <p>Eastern Cape: Lusikisiki District, Mkambati Leper Institute, Skotogi camp, grassveld, (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 27 October 1955, Marais 976 (PRE). Lusikisiki District, Umsikaba river mouth, Pondoland, (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 20 January 1937, Mogg 13324 (PRE). Mkambati Game Reserve, moderate rocky slope, loam soil, grassland, 53 m, (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 16 January 1997, Sebothoma 199 (PRE). Mkambati Game Reserve, moderate rocky slope, loam soil, grassland, 53 m, (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 16 January 1997, Sebothoma 223 (PRE). Port St. Johns, Lusikisiki Distrik [District], monding van Mkwenirivier suid van Goss Point, in grasveld op noordelike oewer van rivier [mouth of Mkweni River south of Goss Point, north bank of river, grassveld], (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 13 July 1976, A.E. Van Wyk 1626 (PRE). Transkei, Mkambathi, 1.3 myl vanaf hospitaal, volop in afgebrande veld [1.3 miles [2.1 km] from hospital, common in burnt veld], (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 9 July 1976, Venter 822 (PRE). Mkambati Game Reserve, at Horseshoe Waterfall, rocky outcrop, moderate slope, grassland, 175 m, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 16 January 1997, Germishuizen 9121 (PRE).</p> <p>No locality, no date: Watt &amp; Brandwyk 207 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFD9AE4455C0F899FD0E677B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFE5AE4255DEF873FA8F629F.text	038F6B05FFE5AE4255DEF873FA8F629F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis salicifolia Oliver 1885	<div><p>5. Callilepis salicifolia Oliver (1885: 65, t. 1482); Retief &amp; Herman (1997: 297).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: Sabia River [Sabie River, vague locality, QDS: probably 2431CD/2531AA/BB], C. Mudd s.n. (holotype K barcode K000410208, image).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, 300–670(–780) mm high. Stems unbranched or sparsely branched, becoming pedunculoid upwards and ending in solitary capitula, ribbed, glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely hairy, sometimes more densely hairy below capitula, with small hair tufts in leaf axils. Leaves lowermost opposite to subopposite, alternate or spirally arranged upwards, narrowly elliptic, linearelliptic, rarely linear-obovate or very narrowly ovate, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (15–)20–65(–105) × 1.5–15.0 mm, tapering on both sides towards apex and base, apex usually attenuate, acuminate or acute, base narrowed petiole-like, attenuate or narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margin glabrous, with occasional hair or rarely sparsely hairy, sometimes in young leaves more hairy, whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire or minutely and sparsely serrulate, mostly in upper half of leaf, sometimes more prominently serrulate in upper half, blade glabrous, with occasional hair or rarely sparsely hairy, sometimes young leaves more hairy, with prominent main vein and two faint lateral veins fading upwards, rarely prominently 3-veined from base. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary. Involucre hemispherical, 15–28(–30) mm wide. Involucral bracts in (2)3 or 4 rows, subequal, inner grading into outer ray paleae; outer row linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, narrowly to very narrowly ovate, (4–)6–12(–14) × 0.5–2.0(–2.5) mm, apex (long) acuminate, margin paler or often very narrowly membranous in lower part, sometimes sparsely hairy and/or faintly pectinate in lower part, surface glabrous; second row linear-triangular, narrowly triangular, narrowly to very narrowly ovate, (5.0–)6.0–12.5 × (0.5–)1.0–2.0(–2.5) mm, apex acute or long acuminate, margin paler or very narrowly membranous in lower part and often minutely pectinate there, sometimes also with few hairs in lower part, surface glabrous; third row narrowly triangular, narrowly to very narrowly ovate, rarely narrowly obovate, (5.0–)5.5–10.5(–13.5) × (0.5–) 1.2–2.5 mm, apex acute or (long) acuminate, margin narrowly membranous in middle or lower part and pectinate there, hairy or sometimes with occasional hairs in lower part, surface glabrous; fourth row/ray palea narrowly to very narrowly ovate, rarely narrowly obovate, 5.0–11.5 × (1.2–)1.5–2.0(– 3.0) mm, apex acute to (long) acuminate, margin narrowly membranous in lower part, sometimes folded inwards, often faintly pectinate, sometimes hairy in lower part, surface glabrous. Receptacle conical, paleate, paleae boatshaped, 4.5–9.0(–10.0) mm long with (0.5–)1.0– 2.5 mm long, dark apex, glabrous, enveloping disc florets and inner ray florets. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1, sometimes 2 row(-s); corolla white, cream, creamy white, ivory white, pale/light yellow, yellowish cream or yellow; tube 1–3(–4) mm long, limb (9.0–)10.0–21.5(–26.0) × 3–7(–10) mm, minutely 2- or 3-lobed, or unlobed; staminodes 0 to 4(5), (1.0–)1.5–3.0(–3.5) mm long, sometimes exserted. Styles 2.0–5.0(–5.5) mm long, exserted, bifurcate or often undivided, unlobed styles 2.0–4.5(–5.0) mm long, when bifurcate upper part below style branches often cup-shaped; style branches oblong or linear, 0.5–1.5 mm long, sometimes unequal, rarely 3 style branches, undivided style lobe oblong, (0.5–) 0.8–1.5 mm long, apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically broadly confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ray ovaries obovate-trigonous, 2–6 mm long, glabrous, with narrow membranous wing on side of long awn, or those of inner row obovate, laterally compressed, similar to disc ovary. Ray cypselae asymmetrically obovate-trigonous, 4–5 × (1.5–)2.0–3.0 mm, ribbed, glabrous, narrow membranous wing on side of long awn and continuing up onto it; some ray cypselae laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets. Ray pappus dimorphic, of awns and scales; one long awn, 2.5–5.0 mm long, (one)two(three) shorter awns, (1.2–)1.5–4.0 mm long, among awns also obtuse or acute scales 1–2(–3) mm long with lacerate margins; shorter awns rarely absent, then only one long awn and ring of scales; in laterally compressed ovaries/cypselae only one long awn and one shorter awn with smaller scales in between as in disc cypselae. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla brown, dark brown, purple, dark purple, mauve, dark mauve, maroon, black, sometimes white with dark anthers and style (Kluge 1987, PRE); tube 3.0–5.0(–5.5) mm long, tubular with parallel sides basally, between basal and upper part often with ring-like thickening and from there widening narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, 1–2 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, 1.5–2.0(–2.5) mm long, exserted, with narrowly ovate apical appendages, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles 3.0– 5.5 mm long, upper part below style branches often cup-shaped, bifurcate, exserted; style branches oblong, 0.8–1.5 mm long, apex conical or obtuse, with acute hairs outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically broadly confluent or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries obovate, (2.0–)3.0–6.0(–6.5) mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous, often with narrowly membranous wings along margins. Disc cypselae asymmetrically obovate, 4.0–6.0(–6.5) × (2.0–) 2.5–3.5 mm, laterally compressed, glabrous, ribbed, with narrow wing on side of long awn and continuing up onto it. Disc pappus dimorphic, of awns and scales, one, rarely two, long awn(-s), 2.5–5.0 mm long, one(two, three) short awn(-s), (1.5–)2.0–4.0 mm long, among awns also smaller, acute or obtuse scales (0.5–)1.0–2.0 mm long; short awn rarely absent, then only long awn and ring of scales. Flowering time July to March, peak from August to January. Figs 21, 22.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters:— Callilepis salicifolia can be distinguished by its narrowly elliptic or linear-elliptic leaves tapering on both sides towards the apex and base, apex usually attenuate, acuminate or acute and the base narrowed petiole-like, attenuate or narrowly cuneate to cuneate, with a prominent main vein and two faint lateral veins fading upwards or rarely prominently 3-veined from the base, solitary capitula with narrow, subequal involucral bracts, white ray florets, purplish or black, rarely white, disc florets, and glabrous cypselae. Oliver (1885) described the leaves as having remotely serrulate margins. Sometimes the leaf margins are very distinctly serrulate, but mostly only minutely and sparsely serrulate, mostly in the upper half of the leaf but more often entire.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis salicifolia is near endemic to northern and eastern South Africa and is widely distributed in South Africa from Limpopo, Mpumalanga, eSwatini, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 23). The distribution of C. salicifolia is much wider than previously acknowledged. The misidentification of most specimens resulted in an incomplete picture of its true distribution in South Africa. The reference to C. laureola in Herman et al. (2017) is wrong and should rather be C. salicifolia. Callilepis laureola was not encountered in the Free State during this study. According to Foden &amp; Potter (2005), the Red List Status of C. salicifolia is Least Concern.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Malolotja Nature Reserve, Malolotja valley, above ‘Potholes’ on track, along firebreak, grassland, moderate slope, (QDS: 2631AA Mbabane), 27 August 1985, Heath 344 (PRE). NW of Mbabane, Malolotja Game Reserve, serpentine, 1600 m, (QDS: 2631AA Mbabane), 1 October 1997, McCallum &amp; Balkwill, M.- J. 187 (PRE). Ridge between Bremmersdorp [Manzini] and McNabstone, (QDS: 2631AD? Mbabane), January 1905, BurttDavy 2928 (PRE).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo: Duivelskloof [Duiwelskloof], Westfalia, open veld, (QDS: 2330CA/CC Tzaneen), 24 January 1931, The Forester [Holtz?] 22 (PRE). Wolkberg, Welcome Mine, open grass field, 6000 ft [1829 m], (QDS: 2330CC Tzaneen), 20 November 1945, Gerstner 5619 (PRE). Tzaneen, (QDS: 2330CC Tzaneen), November 1913, Rogers 12430 (NBG image, PRE).</p> <p>Mpumalanga: Mac-Mac Natuurreservaat, grasveld op steil oosfront glooing van eskarpement [Mac-Mac Nature Reserve, grassveld on steep E facing slope of escarp], 1400 m, (QDS: 2430DD Pilgrim’s Rest), 25 October 1979, Kluge 1987 (PRE). Graskop District, Drakensbergen 541 KT, short closed montane grassland, slight W facing slope, dark brown/black sand, 1556 m, (QDS: 2430DD Pilgrim’s Rest), 11 December 1986, Raal &amp; Raal 1136 (PRE). Middelburg District, SW corner of Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, bushveld vegetation, chiefly sandy soil, 3100–4500 ft [945–1372 m], (QDS: 2529AC Witbank), 8 December 1959, Mogg 31038 (PRE). Lydenburg, Witklip, grassveld, 4400 ft [1341 m], (QDS: 2530BB Lydenburg), 6 September 1973, Kluge 160 (PRE, PRU). Sabie, Langverwag, (QDS: 2530BB Lydenburg), 17 July 1962, Louw 2234 (PRE). Sabie, Langverwag, frequent on edge of bush, (QDS: 2530BB Lydenburg), 8 December 1962, Louw 2441 (PRE). Lydenburg, Wonderkloof Nature Reserve, grassveld, (QDS: 2530BC Lydenburg), 5 August 1974, Elan-Puttick 102 (PRE). Between White River and Nelspruit, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 24 October 1938, Hafström &amp; Acocks 1546 (PRE). Along road between Sabie and Witrivier, grassland, recently burned, roadside, sand, 1110 m, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 4 October 2001, Koekemoer 2088 (PRE). Barberton District, Songimvelo Nature Reserve, Onverwacht Farm, steep valley, grassy N slope, (QDS: 2530DD Lydenburg), 10 December 1993, Hobson 1772 (PRE). Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin, Pretoriuskop, Shabin, klipperige helling van Shabinkop, tussen gras [Kruger National Park, Pretoriuskop, Shabin [Shabeni?], rocky slope on Shabin Kop, amongst grasses], (QDS: 2531AA Komatipoort), 26 November 1959, Brynard &amp; Pienaar 4283 (PRE). Nelspruit District, Kruger National Park, 7 miles [11.2 km] S of Pretorius Kop, Lowveld woodland on sandy slopes, open grassy spaces, 1600 ft [488 m], (QDS: 2531AB Komatipoort), 3 November 1949, Codd 5675 (PRE). Barberton District, Pretorius Kop, (QDS: 2531AB Komatipoort), October 1931, Lang s.n. and Lang s.n. PRE 43246 (PRE). Along road between Josefsdal and Ekulideni township, S of Barberton, gentle mountain slope, grassland, recently burned, 868 m, (QDS: 2531BB Komatipoort), 27 December 2020, Koekemoer 5569 (PRE). Mukwana Heights, N of house, 2.4 km S of Barberton, burnt N facing mountain slope, 3700 ft [1128 m], (QDS: 2531CC Komatipoort), 25 August 1974, De Souza 425 (PRE). Barberton, (QDS: 2531CC Komatipoort), September 1907, Thorncroft s.n. TvlMus3105 (PRE). Sheepmoor area, 57 km outside Ermelo towards Piet Retief, grassland, 1500 m, (QDS: 2630CB Carolina), 24 October 1991, Matthews 962 (PRE, PRU). Piet Retief District, Mooihoek, open grassveld and hill slopes, 4300 ft [311 m], (QDS: 2630DD Carolina), 17 September 1960, Devenish 63 (PRE). Vryheid, Wakkerstroom, Groothoek, grassveld, 5000 ft [1524 m], (QDS: 2730BA Vryheid), 9 January 1969, Bührmann 23 (PRE).</p> <p>Locality not found: Mpumalanga. Kruger National Park, banks of Pabin, grassveld, 2000 ft [610 m], 12 November 1951, Van der Schijff 112 (PRE).</p> <p>Free State: Kerkenberg, mountain slope above camping site, grassland, (QDS: 2829AC Harrismith), 29 February 1964, Jacobsz 1410 (PRE).</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal: Newcastle District, Muller’s Pass, ± 4 km from Ncandu River to Ncandu Reserve, gentle N facing slope, roadside reserve, (QDS: 2729DC Volksrust), 19 November 1997, Ngwenya 1636 (PRE). Utrecht District, Farm Zoetfontein 892[392?], 2 km on R 543 from Wakkerstroom to Luneberg, ca. 1.4 km on Luneberg turn-off, moderate S facing hill slope, grassland, recently burned, 1539 m, (QDS: 2730AD Vryheid), 19 November 2010, Bester 10472 (PRE). Na(a)uwhoek, Utrecht District, mountain grassland, 6000 ft [1829 m], (QDS: 2730AD Vryheid), 18 December 1964, Devenish 1216 (PRE). Ngotshe District, 8 miles [12.8 km] due S of Dwarsrand, dense, tall grassveld, 2500 ft [762 m], (QDS: 2731CB Louwsburg), 12 October 1946, Codd 1971 (PRE). Zululand, Ngome Forest, ± 10 km from main office of forestry, on road to Vryheid, (QDS: 2731CD Louwsburg), 15 October 1982, Germishuizen 2094 (PRE). Zululand, Ngome Forest, ± 10 km from main office of forestry, on road to Vryheid, rocky grasshill, (QDS: 2731CD Louwsburg), 15 October 1982, Germishuizen 2102 (PRE). Biggarsberge, (QDS: 2829BA Harrismith), 12 October 1990, Vos 138 (NU image, PRE).?Estcourt District, near Ennersdale, grassy strip along railway, tall grassveld, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2829DD Harrismith), 24 September 1944, Acocks 10617 (PRE). Cathedral Peak Forest Reserve, northern Rainbow Gorge, NNE aspect, grassland, (QDS: 2829CD Harrismith), 4 November 1984, Hardy 18 (PRE). 5 km from Kranskop to Eshowe, burnt veld along railway line, 4000 ft [1219 m], (QDS: 2830DD Dundee), 11 October 1975, Stirton 5205 (PRE). Zululand District, Ulundi Municipality Area, Babanango, Gelykwater Farm, Mondi’s property, gentle NW facing hill slope, grassland, recently burned, 1300 m, (QDS: 2831AC Nkandla), 22 November 2011, Ngwenya 3851 (PRE). Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Amanzimnyama catchment, E slope, open grassveld, (QDS: 2832AA Mtubatuba), 1 November 1965, Bourquin &amp; Fakude 27 (NU image, PRE). Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Zangomfe, on top of Zangomfe hill, 1150 ft [351 m], (QDS: 2832AA Mtubatuba), 12 March 1965, Fakude 85 (PRE). Zululand, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Egodeni, (QDS: 2832AA Mtubatuba), 21 October?1971, Hitchins 434 (NU image, PRE). Zululand, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Hlaza, (QDS: 2832AA Mtubatuba), 15 November 1972, Hitchins 894 (PRE). Bergville District, Cathedral Peak Forest Research Station, grassveld along top edge of cliffs, 5700 ft [1737 m], (QDS: 2929AB Underberg), 21 February 1952, Killick 1772 (PRE). Estcourt District, Giants Castle Game Reserve, Witteberg area, N facing slope, 4800 ft [1463 m], (QDS: 2929AB Underberg), 19 September 1965, Trauseld 416 (NU image, PRE). Estcourt District?, Ntabamhlope?, hillside, 5000 ft [1524 m], (QDS: 2929BA Underberg), December 1964, Miller 255 (PRE). Estcourt District, Tabamhlope [Ntabamhlope], mountain summit, grassveld, 7000 ft [2134 m], (QDS: 2929BA Underberg), 16 January 1938, West 599 (PRE). Near Mooi River, (QDS: 2929BB Underberg), 10 December 1928, Hutchinson 1856 (PRE). Mooi River (T.E. Chapman), 1447 m, (QDS: 2929BB Underberg), 1 November 1918, Mogg 3282 (PRE). Estcourt, open veld, (QDS: 2929BB Underberg), 16 December 1954, Munro PS.494 (PRE). Mooi River, Mableston [Mabelston], (QDS: 2930AA Pietermaritzburg), 23 October 1918, Mogg 3083 (PRE). Greytown, just outside town on R 74 towards Muden, hill slope, mountain grassland, recently burned, 1180 m, (QDS: 2930BA Pietermaritzburg), 20 October 2005, Nkuna 2014 (PRE). Greytown, 3420 ft [1042 m], (QDS: 2930BA Pietermaritzburg), Oct-Nov. 1931, Wylie s.n. TvlMus34060 (PRE). Griqualand East, in clivis circa Clydesdale, 2500 ft [on hill slope near Clydesdale, 762 m], (QDS: 3029BD Kokstad), December 1884, Tyson 2094 (3 sheets) (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFE5AE4255DEF873FA8F629F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFE3AE4C55DEFD2FFB7267E3.text	038F6B05FFE3AE4C55DEFD2FFB7267E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis nepotiana P. P. J. Herman 2022	<div><p>6. Callilepis nepotiana P.P.J.Herman, sp. nov.</p> <p>Differs from all the other Callilepis taxa by having brownish tomentose involucral bracts. Similar to C. laureola var. laureola but stems, leaves and involucral bracts brownish tomentose.</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: Piet Retief District, near Commondale Station, grassveld, beside railway, protected from fire, 3000 ft [914 m], (QDS: 2730BD Vryheid), 19 October 1946, Codd 2121 (holotype PRE). Fig. 24.</p> <p>Etymology:—Named for my grandchildren.</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb up to 400 mm high, with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock. Stems unbranched or rarely some side branches from lower leaf axils, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, sparsely to densely tomentose. Leaves sessile, opposite basally, alternate upwards, ovate to broadly ovate, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, 15–50 × 10–30 mm, apex acute to acuminate, base subcordate and semi-amplexicaul or in upper leaves cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin entire, rarely very sparsely serrulate near apex of leaf, slightly paler than rest of blade, blade brownish tomentose, indumentum evenly distributed on entire surface (Fig. 25 A), 3(–5)-veined. Capitula solitary, heterogamous, radiate. Involucre hemispherical, 15–20 mm wide. Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 rows, subequal, hairy (Fig. 6C); outer row linear-triangular, narrowly triangular or narrowly ovate, 7.0–9.2 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to long acuminate, margin very narrowly membranous basally, surface brownish tomentose; second row lineartriangular, narrowly triangular or (very) narrowly ovate, 7.0–9.2 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to long acuminate, surface brownish tomentose; third row / inner ray palea narrowly ovate, 7.2–8.8 × 2 mm (excluding infolded margins), apex acute to long acuminate, margin membranous in lower part and folded inwards there, surface brownish tomentose. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae boat-shaped, 6.5–7.0 mm long, apex acute. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1 or 2 rows; corolla white or cream; tube 0.5–3.0 mm long; limb 10.0–13.5 × 3.0– 3.5 mm. Staminodes (0)1 to 3, ± 2.5 mm long. Styles 2–4 mm long, bifurcate, exserted; style branches oblong, 0.8–1.4 mm long, apex obtuse or rounded, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent apically, or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ray ovaries obovate-trigonous, 2.5–5.0 mm long, or those of second row similar to disc ovaries, glabrous. Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 3.0– 4.5 mm long, two shorter awns, 2.0– 3.5 mm long and some obtuse scales in between. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla dark violet, dark brown, tubular; tube 3.0– 3.8 mm long, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.0 mm long. Anthers 1.8–2.0 mm long, apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.5–0.8 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–0.8 mm long, ciliate. Styles 4–5 mm long, bifurcate; style branches 1.0– 1.5 mm long, apex conical with acute hairs at base outside, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent apically. Ovaries obovate, 2.8–4.5 mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous. Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 3.2–4.5 mm long, one shorter awn, 2.5–3.5 mm long and obtuse or acute scales, ± 2.0 mm long in between. Flowering time August to October. Figs 6C, 24, 25 A.</p> <p>Distinguishing characters:— Callilepis nepotiana is distinguished by its brownish tomentose stems, leaves and involucral bracts, ovate to broadly ovate leaves with acute to acuminate apex and subcordate, semi-amplexicaul base or upper leaves with cuneate to broadly cuneate bases, solitary capitula with narrow, subequal involucral bracts, white or cream ray florets, dark violet or brownish disc florets, and glabrous ovaries (cypselae?). The brownish tomentose indumentum is evenly distributed on the leaf surfaces and the leaf margins are not hairy (Fig. 25 A). Very similar to C. laureola var. laureola which also has ovate leaves but with a villose indumentum on stems and leaves and glabrous involucral bracts. The leaf margins of C. laureola var. laureola are often villose.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis nepotiana is near endemic to Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal and occurs in a small area in south-eastern Mpumalanga, southern eSwatini and northern KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 26).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Mankaiana [Mankayane] District, near Gege, 3500 ft [1067 m], (QDS: 2631CC Mbabane), 30 September 1965, Compton 32392 (NBG image, PRE). Shiselweni, Nhlangano, grassland, sandy loam soil, 895 m, (QDS: 2631CD Mbabane), 20 August 2002, Dlamini A 2370 (PRE).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: Piet Retief, hill slopes in grass, (QDS: 2730BB Vryheid), 7 October 1929, Galpin 9864 (PRE).</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal: Paulpieter(s)burg District, near Paul(s)pietersburg on Sunkelsdrift Road, Eulalia Sourveld, sandy soil, 3500 ft [1067 m], (QDS: 2730BD Vryheid), 14 September 1945, Acocks 11747 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFE3AE4C55DEFD2FFB7267E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFEEAE4E55C0FA70FA516356.text	038F6B05FFEEAE4E55C0FA70FA516356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis laureola Candolle 1836	<div><p>. Callilepis laureola Candolle (1836: 671); Harvey (1865: 136); Wild (1980: 92); Hilliard (1977: 287); Retief &amp; Herman (1997: 297); Cron et al. (2019: 464).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Eastern Cape: Zwischen Omsamwubo und Omsamcaba, an sumpfigen Oertern, Grasplätzen, 800 ft, [between Omsamwubo [Umzimvubu] and Omsamcaba [Umsikaba], in marshy areas, grassland, 244 m], (QDS: probably between 3129BD and 3129DA Port St Johns), February 1832, Drege 5115 (lectotype G-DC barcode G00456541, designated here; isolectotype P barcode P00063630 (the label has a ‘b’ on it, suggesting laureola)). Fig. 5. Localities and dates from Drege (1843) and Glen &amp; Germishuizen (2010).</p> <p>= Callilepis hispida Candolle (1836: 671). = Callilepis laureola var. hispida (DC.) Sonder in Harvey (1865: 136). Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. KwaZulu-Natal / Eastern Cape: Zwischen Omtendo und Omsamculo, auf Grashöhen, unter 500 Fuss [between Omtendo [Umtentu] and Omsamculo [Umzimkulu], on grassy heights, below 152 m], (vague locality, QDS: probably between 3030CB Port Shepstone/3130AA Port Edward), 9 May 1832, Drege 5114 (lectotype G-DC barcode G 00456444, image!, designated here; isolectotypes P barcodes P 00063638, P 00063639? (sterile specimen), P 00063640, all images, PRE barcode PRE 189425). The exact date from the Paris specimen (barcode P 00063638). Localities and dates from Drege (1843) and Glen &amp; Germishuizen (2010). Fig. 3.</p> <p>Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock. Stems unbranched or sparsely branched, becoming pedunculoid upwards or corymbosely branched upwards, ribbed, glabrous or sparsely to densely villous, often densely villous immediately below capitula, with tufts of hairs in leaf axils. Leaves sessile, lower opposite or subopposite, upwards alternate, sometimes alternate all along, narrowly to broadly ovate, sometimes some upper narrowly elliptic, rarely some narrowly obovate, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, apex acuminate or attenuate, sometimes acute, base subcordate, rounded or obtuse, especially in lower leaves, or narrowly to broadly cuneate in upper leaves, margin sometimes whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire or sometimes in some leaves sparsely and minutely serrulate in upper part of leaf, glabrous or sparsely to more densely villous, blade glabrous or sparsely to more densely villous, hairs sometimes concentrated along main veins on upper surface, 3(5)- veined from base. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary or in open, few-headed corymbs. Involucre hemispherical. Involucral bracts in (2)3 or 4(5) rows, subequal, inner grading into outer paleae. Receptacle paleate, paleae boatshaped with a dark apex, back sometimes with narrow membranous wing. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, rarely some neuter in a capitulum, arranged in 1, 2 or 3 rows; corolla white, cream, creamy, cream-white, yellow, lemon-yellow, sulphur yellow or pale greenish yellow; with or without staminodes. Styles exserted, bifurcate, lobes equal or sometimes unequal, rarely undivided. Ovaries obovate-trigonous, those of second and third rows of ray florets laterally compressed similar to disc floret ovaries, glabrous. Ray cypselae usually obconical-trigonous, those of second and third rows of ray florets obovate and laterally compressed, straw-coloured, glabrous, ribbed, each angle(margin) ending in a pappus awn. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of awns and scales in between. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla dark (purplish), tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers 5, exserted, apical appendages narrowly ovate, bases caudate and calcarate, tails ciliate. Styles bifurcate, sometimes exserted but mostly hidden within anther ring. Ovaries obovate, laterally compressed, glabrous. Disc cypselae obovate, laterally compressed, ribbed, glabrous. Disc pappus dimorphic, consisting of awns and smaller scales in between awns.</p> <p>Key to varieties:</p> <p>1a. Capitula solitary.......................................................................................................................................................... a. var. laureola</p> <p>1b. Capitula arranged in few-headed corymbose synflorescences...........................................................................b. var. paucicephala</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFEEAE4E55C0FA70FA516356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFEFAE5555C0FC59FF2C64DF.text	038F6B05FFEFAE5555C0FC59FF2C64DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis laureola var. laureola var. laureola	<div><p>a. Callilepis laureola var. laureola</p> <p>Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from large underground rootstock, (280–) 300–600 mm high. Stems unbranched or sparsely branched, becoming pedunculoid upwards, ribbed, glabrous, with occasional hair, or sparsely to densely villous, often densely villous immediately below capitula, with tufts of hairs in leaf axils. Leaves sessile, lower opposite or subopposite, upwards alternate, sometimes alternate all along, mostly narrowly ovate to ovate, sometimes some upper narrowly elliptic, rarely some narrowly obovate, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (10–)15–60 × (3–)4–20(–30) mm, apex acuminate or attenuate, sometimes acute, base subcordate, rounded or obtuse, especially in lower leaves, or narrowly to broadly cuneate in upper leaves, margin sometimes whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire or sometimes in some leaves sparsely and minutely serrulate in upper part of leaf, rarely with single small tooth on each side in upper part, glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely to more densely villous, blade glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely to more densely villous, hairs sometimes concentrated along main veins on upper surface (Fig. 25 B –D), 3(5)-veined from base. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary. Involucre hemispherical, 15–30(–35) mm wide. Involucral bracts in (2)3 or 4 rows, subequal, inner grading into outer paleae; outer row linear, linear-triangular, narrowly triangular or (very) narrowly ovate, 5.0–13.5(–14.0) × (0.5–)0.8– 1.5(–2.5) mm, apex acute to (long) acuminate, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous in lower part, minutely pectinate or sometimes sparsely villous basally, surface glabrous or occasionally sparsely villous basally (overflow from peduncle); second row linear-triangular, narrowly triangular or (very) narrowly ovate or narrowly oblong, (4–)5–11(–13) × (0.8–)1.0– 2.5 mm, apex acute or (long) acuminate, margin sometimes (very) narrowly membranous in lower part, minutely pectinate or sometimes with few hairs in lower part, surface glabrous or occasionally with few hairs basally (overflow from peduncle); third row / ray paleae narrowly triangular, ovate or narrowly to very narrowly ovate, 5.5–10.0(–11.5) × 1.0–2.5(–2.8) mm, apex (long) acuminate, margin very narrowly or broadly (ray paleae) membranous in lower part and sometimes folded inwards (ray paleae) there, glabrous, with few (long) hairs in lower part or faintly pectinate, surface glabrous or with few hairs near base; fourth row/ray paleae narrowly ovate or ovate, rarely narrowly triangular, 6.0–9.0(–10.5) × 1.5–2.0(–2.5) mm, apex (long) acuminate, margin very narrowly membranous, glabrous or sparsely hairy in middle part or pectinate, sometimes folded inwards, surface glabrous, rarely with few hairs at base. Receptacle conical, paleate, paleae boat-shaped, (4.0–)4.5–8.0(–8.2) mm long with dark apex, 0.5–2.0(–2.5) mm long, back sometimes with narrow membranous wing. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, rarely some neuter in a capitulum, arranged in 1, 2 or 3 rows; corolla white, cream, creamy, cream-white, yellow, lemon-yellow, sulphur yellow or pale greenish yellow; tube (0.5–)1.0–3.0(–4.0) mm long, limb (8.5–)10.0– 19.0(–24.0) × (2.5–)4.0–7.0(–8.5) mm, unlobed or minutely 2- or 3-lobed; staminodes 0 to 4(5), (1.0–)1.5–2.0(–2.5) mm long, sometimes exserted. Styles 2.0–4.5(–6.0) mm long, exserted, bifurcate, lobes equal or sometimes unequal, rarely undivided, upper part below style branches sometimes cup-shaped; unbranched styles (2.8–)3.5(–4.0) mm long (seen in 5 specimens); style branches oblong or linear, 0.5–1.2 mm long; unlobed style branch 0.8–1.0(–1.2) mm long (seen in 5 specimens); apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent in broad apical band or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ovaries obovate-trigonous, 2–5 mm long, those of second and third rows of ray florets laterally compressed similar to disc floret ovaries, glabrous. Ray cypselae (not often collected) usually obconical-trigonous, 5–7 × 2–3 mm (only seen in 4 specimens), those of second and third rows of ray florets obovate and laterally compressed, straw-coloured, glabrous, ribbed, each angle(margin) ending in a pappus awn. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn 2.5–5.0 mm long, (one)two shorter awns, 1.5–3.5 mm long (only one short awn in laterally compressed ovaries/cypselae of second and third row of ray florets), and few smaller obtuse or rarely acute, lacerated scales in between, 1(–2) mm long. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla purple, purplish, black, maroon, brown, brownish purple, tubular; tube (2.8–)3.0–4.0(–4.5) mm long, with parallel sides basally, between basal and upper part often with ring-like thickening and from there widening narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, (1.0–)1.5–2.0(–2.5) mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, 1.5–2.0(–2.2) mm long, exserted, apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.5–0.8(–1.0) mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles (2.5–)3.0–5.0(–5.2) mm long, bifurcate, sometimes exserted but mostly hidden within anther ring; style branches oblong or linear, 0.8–1.5 mm long, apex (broadly) conical or (broadly) obtuse, with acute hairs outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent in broad apical band or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ovaries obovate, 2–5(–7) mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous. Disc cypselae asymmetrically obovate, (4.0–)5.5–6.0(–7.0) × 2.5– 3.0(–4.8) mm, laterally compressed, ribbed, glabrous, straw-coloured, with slight membranous wing on side of longest pappus awn and running up into it. Disc pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 2.5–4.5 mm long, one(two, three) shorter awn(-s), (1.5–)2.0– 3.5 mm long, and smaller, oblong to narrowly elliptic, obtuse, sometimes acute, scales 1(–2) mm long, with lacerate apices, between awns. Flowering time recorded throughout the year but with a peak from August to February. Figs 9 A, 25 B –D, 27, 28.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters:— Callilepis laureola var. laureola can be distinguished by its mostly narrowly ovate to ovate, prominently 3-veined leaves with acuminate or attenuate, sometimes acute apex and subcordate, rounded or obtuse base, stems, leaf margins and leaf surfaces sparsely to more densely villous (Fig. 25 B –D), rarely glabrous, solitary capitula with narrow, subequal involucral bracts, white, creamy or yellowish ray florets, purplish or blackish disc florets, and glabrous cypselae. The presence and density of hairs on the plants are variable, but hairs are usually present on some parts of the plants. Only in a few cases the plants are totally glabrous but they can immediately be recognised by their ovate leaves in contrast to the glabrous C. glabra where the leaves are narrowly elliptic.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis laureola var. laureola is near endemic to northern and eastern South Africa and is distributed from Limpopo, Mpumalanga, eSwatini, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape (Fig. 29). Also present in Mozambique. According to Foden &amp; Potter (2005), the Red List Status of C. laureola is Least Concern.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Pigg’s Peak District, Pigg’s Peak, 2500 ft [762 m], (QDS: 2531CD Komatipoort), 27 October 1958, Compton 28203 (PRE). Manzini District, Mpisi, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2631BC Mbabane), 20 December 1961, Compton 31143 (PRE barcode PRE 189391-0). Mankaiana [Mankayane] District, Evelyn Baring Bridge, 2500 ft [762 m], (QDS: 2631CA Mbabane), 8 October 1959, Compton 29166 (PRE). Manzini, Ngwane Park Botanical Garden, grassland, steep slope, sandy soil, (QDS: 2631CB Mbabane), 26 September 2002, Dlamini A 2821 (PRE). Mankaiana [Mankayane] District, Ntondozi, 2000 ft [610 m], (QDS: 2631CB Mbabane), 14 November 1958, Karsten s.n. PRE 31848 /702550 (PRE). Hlatikulu District, Verdun, 1000 ft [305 m], (QDS: 2631CD Mbabane), 14 November 1956, Compton 26316 (NBG image, PRE). Manzini District, Bulunga Poort, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2631DA Mbabane), 9 February 1966, Compton 32513 (PRE). Top of Lubombo Mountains, near Umbeloosi Beacon [Umbuluzu?], southern bank of Umbuluzi Poort, open grassveld, (QDS: 2632AA Bela Vista), 6 September 1976, Culverwell 0198 (PRE). Blue Jay Ranch, Lubombe Mntns [Lubombo Mountains] S of Umbuluzi Gorge, 3½ miles [5.6 km] NW of Mhlumeni/Goba border post, open grassveld, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2632AA Bela Vista), 16 October 1977, Culverwell 1069 (PRE).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo: Wolkberg, Ararat 7 KT, mountain slope, grassland, recently burned, 1800 m, (QDS: 2430AA Pilgrim’s Rest), 7 October 2011, Kremer-Kohne 226 (PRE).</p> <p>Mpumalanga: Nelspruit, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), October 1917, Breyer s.n. PRE 59310 (PRE). Nelspruit, Lowveld Botanic Garden, garden side, along road amongst grass, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 6 October 1969, Buitendag 162 (NBG two images, PRE). Barberton District, Research Station, Nelspruit, grassland, 2375 ft [724 m], (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), October 1930, Liebenberg 2759 (PRE). Ex Nelspruit, flowering D. P. I. [Division of Plant Industry] gardens, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), no date, Liebenberg s.n. PRE 43248 (PRE). Nelspruit, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), August 1917, Pole-Evans H.16983 (PRE). Nelspruit, 2300 ft [701 m], (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 6 November 1905, Rogers s.n. TvlMus2378 (PRE). Barberton District, Nelspruit, on site of Subtropical Research Station, near western and eastern boundaries, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 3 December 1926, Smith 3550 (PRE). Barberton, Nelspruit, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), no date, Liebenberg s.n. PRE 43250 (PRE). Along roadside Rosehaugh–Schagen, among grass, (QDS: 2530BD Lydenburg), 17 February 1981, Welman 310 (PRE). 10 km from Nelspruit on road to Barberton, grassland, recently burnt, (QDS: 2530DB Lydenburg), 15 August 1985, Germishuizen 3307 (PRE). Barberton District, Farm Oorschot 692JT, ca. 6.3 km SW of Barberton next to Agnes Mine, moderate N facing mountain slope, grassland, sandy soil, 865 m, (QDS: 2530DD Lydenburg), 26 November 2017, Bester 13813 (PRE). Kruger National Park, Malelane, crest of Khandzalive [?Khandizwe], 39 m E of tower, open grassland, recently burned, 837 m, (QDS: 2531AD Komatipoort), 30 December 2015, G. Zambatis, N. Zambatis, MacFadyen, Hofmeyr &amp; Foxcroft GZ1258 (PRE). Barberton District, ca. 13 km directly NE of Barberton, Sheba Mine, in reserve beyond Edwin Bray Shaft, SW facing mountain slope, grassland, sandy soil, 1143 m, (QDS: 2531CA Komatipoort), 8 December 2008, Bester 8784 (PRE). Nelspruit District, Rhenosterkop, Uitkyk Road, open burnt grassland, granite outcrops, 900 m, (QDS: 2531CA Komatipoort), 4 November 1982, Onderstall 935 (PRE). Mukwana Heights, Brommers Farm, 2.4 km S of Barberton, mountain grassland, N facing slope, after burn, 1152 m, (QDS: 2531CC Komatipoort), 19 July 1975, De Souza 550 (PRE). Barberton, grassy meadows and mountain sides, 2200–4000 ft [671–1219 m], (QDS: 2531CC Komatipoort), September-October 1889, Galpin 469 (PRE). Barberton, (QDS: 2531CC Komatipoort), December 1916, Pott 5393 (PRE); November 1915, Rogers 18216 (TvlMus15980) (PRE); 14 October 1907, Turnbull s.n. (4079) PRE 4993 (PRE).</p> <p>KwaZulu-Natal: Bella Vista, 10 miles [16 km] from Ingwavuma/Maputa Road on way to Manyanseni, rock outcrop, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2632CC Bela Vista), 19 November 1969, Moll 4584 (PRE). Ubombo District, ½ mile [0.8 km] N of Ubombo Post Office, grassveld on top of Lebombo Mountains, 2000 ft [610 m], (QDS: 2732CA Ubombo), 16 October 1946, Codd 2067 (PRE). Nkandhla District, Zululand, near Katazo P.O., on Nkandhla road, grassland, 3500 ft [1067 m], (QDS: 2831CB Nkandla), 22 September 1945, Acocks 11794 (PRE, 2 sheets). Ntonjaneni [Mtonjaneni] District, 1.5 mile [2.4 km] S of Melmoth, dense grassveld, recently burnt, 2500 ft [762 m], (QDS: 2831CB Nkandla), 9 October 1946, Codd 1811 (PRE). Eshowe, (QDS: 2831CD Nkandla), September 1921, Rogers 24464 (mounted with Rogers 24637) (PRE) and Rogers s.n. TvlMus24067 (PRE). Mtunzini District, Leper Institute Road, Inyoni, common in recently burnt grassveld, 350 ft [107 m], (QDS: 2831DD Nkandla), 23 September 1962, Johnson 1454 (PRE). Zululand, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Mbhombe, [QDS: 2832AA Mtubatuba], 5 November 1971, Hitchins 600 (PRE). Zululand, Eastern Shores State Forest, Simbomvini area, in fire break next to pine plantation, mowed fire break in sand veld grassland, 40 m, [QDS: 2832AB Mtubatuba], 6 March 1985, Nicholas &amp; MacDevette 2156 (PRE). Lower Umfolozi District, Dukuduku Forest Reserve, between Mtubatuba and St. Lucia, (QDS: 2832AD Mtubatuba), 1 April 1965, Schlieben 10197 (PRE). Pietermaritzburg, (QDS: 2930CB Pietermaritzburg), 10 October 1918, Mogg (Hollins) 2230 (PRE). “Kloof” [?Pinetown], grassy fields, burnt previously, 1800 ft [549 m], (QDS: 2930DD? Pietermaritzburg), 15 June 1932, Galpin 12074 (PRE). Krantzkloof, (QDS: 2930DD? Pietermaritzburg), October 1921, Haygarth 24637 R /TvlMus23834 (PRE). Pinetown, Forest hills, Margaret Crescent, (QDS: 2930DD Pietermaritzburg), 27 October 1958, Johnson 1385 (PRE). Stanger, Tugela River bridge, Durban side, left embankment, 300 ft [91 m], (QDS: 2931AB Stanger), 8 December 1973, Stirton 404 (PRE). Amatikulu Nature Reserve, coastal grassland, 20 m, (QDS: 2931BA Stanger), 27 September 1988, Ward 2379 (PRE). Inanda District, 5 miles [8 km] W of Verulam, 800 ft [244 m], (QDS: 2931CA Stanger), 15 September 1965, Moll 2116 (NU image, PRE). Oribi Gorge, Fairacres, grassveld, (QDS: 3030CB Port Shepstone), 1 November 1981, A.E. van Wyk 5121 (PRE, PRU). Port Shepstone, (QDS: 3030CB Port Shepstone),? April 1897, No Collector 409 (PRE 4990) (PRE).</p> <p>Eastern Cape: Mtentu South, Bridge Site, Relevé 5#19a, steep slope, grassland above gorge, (QDS: 3128CD? Umtata), 10 September 2003, Lubke 4807 (PRE). Msikaba River mouth, short grassland, black peaty sandy soil, (QDS: 3129BD Port St Johns), 28 August 1976, Venter &amp; Vorster 188 (PRE). Mkambati Nature Reserve, S of Horseshoe Falls, grassland, recently burned, sandy soil, most plants past flowering, 55 m, (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 29 January 2020, Koekemoer 5495 (PRE). Bizana District, Umtentu mouth, SE of Bizana, 100 ft [30 m], (QDS: 3130AA Port Edward), 17 August 1953, Story 4169 (PRE). NE Pondoland, Mkambati River hills, 1.61 km from coast, Table Mountain Sandstone formation, grassland, 60 m, (QDS: 3130AC Port Edward), 23 January 1937, Mogg 13549 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFEFAE5555C0FC59FF2C64DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFF4AE5755C0FAEFFA9B66C7.text	038F6B05FFF4AE5755C0FAEFFA9B66C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis laureola var. paucicephala P. P. J. Herman 2022	<div><p>b. Callilepis laureola var. paucicephala P.P.J.Herman, var. nov.</p> <p>Similar to C. laureola var. laureola but can be distinguished by its few-headed corymbose synflorescences in contrast to the solitary capitula of C. laureola var. laureola. It differs from C. retiefiae, which also has few-headed corymbose synflorescences, by its narrowly ovate leaves. Callilepis retiefiae has linear-elliptic leaves. It differs from the other taxa with corymbose synflorescences by its narrow, subequal involucral bracts in contrast to the broader, imbricate involucral bracts of the taxa with corymbosely arranged synflorescences.</p> <p>Type: — SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Stegi District [Siteki], Namahasha Road, burnt area, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2631BD Mbabane), 4 May 1959, Compton 28849 (holotype PRE (PRE703289); isotypes NBG image, PRE (PRE189390). Fig. 30.</p> <p>Etymology:— paucicephala = few-headed.</p> <p>Erect, perennial herbs with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, up to ± 560 mm high. Stems unbranched or sparsely branched, branching corymbosely upwards, ribbed, glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely to densely villose, with hair tufts in leaf axils. Leaves sessile, lowest opposite or subopposite, alternate upwards, ovate to narrowly ovate or broadly ovate, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, (20–)25–55(–78) × 6–25(–38) mm, apex acute or acuminate, base subcordate and semi-amplexicaul in broader/lower leaves, in upper/narrower leaves cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin whitish or paler than rest of blade, entire or sparsely and minutely serrulate in upper part of leaf, glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely to more densely villose, blade glabrous, with occasional hair or sparsely villous, 3(5)-veined from base. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, in open, few-headed corymbs. Involucre hemispherical, (10–)15–20(–22) mm wide. Involucral bracts in 2 to 4(5) rows, subequal, inner grading into outer paleae; outer row narrowly triangular or narrowly ovate, (3.5–)4.0–6.0(–7.0) × (0.8–)1.0– 1.5 mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin sometimes membranous, glabrous or sometimes hairy near base (overflow from peduncle), surface glabrous; second row narrowly triangular, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.0–4.5(–8.0) × (1.0–)1.5–2.0 mm, apex acute to acuminate, margin sometimes very narrowly membranous, glabrous, pectinate or hairy, surface glabrous; third row triangular, ovate or narrowly ovate, 5–7 × (1.5–)2.0(–2.2) mm, apex acuminate, margin very narrowly membranous, glabrous or faintly and sparsely pectinate in lower part, blade glabrous; fourth and fifth row/ray paleae ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.0–8.5 × (1.0–)2.0 mm, apex acuminate, margin membranous in lower part, often pectinate and often folded inwards, surface glabrous. Receptacle paleate, paleae boat-shaped, (5.0–)6.0– 7.5 mm long with 1.0– 1.5 mm long, acute to apiculate, dark apex, glabrous. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, arranged in 1 or 2 rows; corolla white or cream; tube 1.5–2.0(–4.0) mm long, limb (10.0–)12.0–17.5 × (3.0–)4.0–4.5(–6.0) mm, unlobed or minutely 2-lobed; staminodes apparently absent. Styles (1.5–)3.0 mm long, bifurcate, rarely undivided, exserted; style branches (0.5–)1.0 mm long, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, basally separated but apically confluent in broad band or entire inner surface stigmatic. Ray ovaries obconical-trigonous, 2–3(–4) mm long, glabrous. Ray cypselae usually obconical-trigonous, 2.5–4.0 × (1.5–) 1.8 mm, glabrous, ribbed, cypselae of inner ray florets often laterally compressed, similar to those of disc florets. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, (2.5–)3.0–4.5(–5.0) mm long, two (three) shorter awns, (1.5–)2.0–3.0 mm long, and few smaller oblong, obtuse scales in between, ± 1 mm long. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla dark (purplish), tubular below, slightly widening upwards towards lobes; tube 3–4 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.0 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, exserted, 1.5–2.0(–2.5) mm long, apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.5(–0.8) mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles 3–4(–5) mm long, bifurcate, sometimes exserted; style branches oblong, (0.8–)1.0– 1.2 mm long, apex (shallowly) broadly conical or obtuse, with acute hairs on outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent apically in broad band or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries obovate, 3.0–3.5(–4.8) mm long, laterally compressed, glabrous. Disc cypselae obovate, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, laterally compressed, ribbed, glabrous. Disc pappus dimorphic, consisting of one long awn, 3–4 mm long, one(two) shorter awn(-s), 1.8–3.0 mm long, rarely two additional linear awns in between, 1.0– 1.5 mm long and smaller, obtuse scales in between, (0.5–)1.0 mm long. Flowering time: recorded from November to as late as June, but usually after veld fires.</p> <p>Distinguishing characters:— Callilepis laureola var. paucicephala can be distinguished by its mostly narrowly ovate to ovate, prominently 3-veined leaves with acuminate or attenuate, sometimes acute apex and subcordate, rounded or obtuse base, stems, leaf margins and leaf surfaces sparsely to more densely villous, rarely glabrous, fewheaded corymbose synflorescences with narrow, subequal involucral bracts, white or creamy ray florets, purplish or blackish disc florets, and glabrous cypselae.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis laureola var. paucicephala occurs in eSwatini (Fig. 31) and also in Mozambique. It seems the two varieties can grow together in the same locality as can be seen from the Compton 31143 collection: there are two specimens with this number housed in PRE, the one specimen is C. laureola var. laureola (barcode PRE 189391-0) and the other var. paucicephala (barcode PRE 703288). The image of the Compton 31143 specimen in NBG (barcode NBG0055712-0) is C. laureola var. paucicephala.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Mliba, Low Veld, growing on dry rocks by streamside, 2000 ft [610 m], (QDS: 2631BA Mbabane), 9 January 1970, Barrett 474 (PRE). Manzini District, Mpisi, 1500 ft [457 m], (QDS: 2631BC Mbabane), 20 December 1961, Compton 31143 (NBG barcode NBG0055712-0, image, PRE barcode PRE 703288). Stegi District [Siteki], 5 miles [8 km] S of Stegi, 2500 ft [762 m], (QDS: 2631BD Mbabane), 25 November 1958, Compton 28384 (NBG image, PRE (2 sheets)). Blue Jay Ranch, 2 miles [3.2 km] SE of W entrance to Umbuluzi Gorge, Lubombo Mountains, open grassveld, 1300 ft [396 m], (QDS: 2632AA Bela Vista), 10 April 1977, Culverwell 747 (PRE). E of Siteki towards S tributary of the Mnzimyane River near the Mtonjane dip tank on farm of Mr Carmaichael, gentle hill slope, grassland, 433 m, (QDS: 2632AC Bela Vista), 2 December 2006, Koekemoer 3411 (PRE). Stegi District [Siteki], Palata, 2000 ft [610 m], (QDS: 2632CA Bela Vista), 11 January 1962, Compton 31206 (NBG image, PRE).</p> <p>Vague locality: between Black Mbelusi and Komatie, 21 June 1911, Burtt-Davy 10665 (PRE 4991) (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFF4AE5755C0FAEFFA9B66C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFF7AE5255DEFA71FCA26167.text	038F6B05FFF7AE5255DEFA71FCA26167.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis caerulea (Hutch.) Leins 1971	<div><p>8. Callilepis caerulea (Hutch.) Leins (1971a: 108); Retief &amp; Herman (1997: 296).</p> <p>= Zoutpansbergia caerulea Hutchinson (1946: 350); Venter (1995: 20); Coates Palgrave (2002: 1147); Hahn (2002: 122); Herman &amp; Condy (2015: 165).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Transvaal [Limpopo]: Zoutpansberg [Soutpansberg], Crewe Farm, West Zoutpansberg [Soutpansberg], north slopes of the mountains, 5200 ft [1585 m], (QDS: 2229DC Waterpoort), 23 August 1930, Hutchinson &amp; Gillett 4435 (holotype K barcode K000410213, image!; isotype K barcode K000410214, image!).</p> <p>Etymology:— caerulea = blue, deep sky blue.</p> <p>Glabrous shrub or small tree up to 4 m high. Branches dark brown or reddish brown, with remains of leaf bases. Leaves alternate or spirally arranged, ± subsessile or very shortly petiolate or with petiole-like base, obovate, narrowly obovate or rarely very narrowly obovate, 20–70(–75) × 3.5–13.0(–15.0) mm, apex obtuse or bluntly acute, base attenuate or petiole-like, margins bluntly serrulate in upper half, entire in lower part, glabrous, blade glabrous, with prominent main vein and two faint side veins from base parallel to main vein, fading upwards. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, solitary or up to 5 terminally in axils of upper leaves, shortly pedunculate; peduncle 10–30 mm long. Involucre campanulate or urceolate, (7–) 8–15 mm wide. Involucral bracts in 5 or 6 rows, imbricate, outer shorter than inner, glabrous, straw coloured, usually with dark or purplish midline ending in elliptic to narrowly obovate resin blotch or resin lines at apex of each bract; outer row consisting of 2 to 4 bracts, shallowly to broadly triangular or ovate, 5–6 × (2.5–)3.0–4.0(–5.0) mm, apex acute, centrally keeled basally, margin narrowly membranous; often also one or two smaller bracts at base of capitulum, broadly triangular, 4.0–4.5 × 2.5(–2.8) mm, keeled, margin membranous; second row ovate or broadly ovate, 6.0–7.0(–8.5) × (3.0–)3.5–5.0(–6.0) mm, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes also somewhat keeled, margin narrowly membranous; third row ovate, broadly ovate or elliptic, (6.5–)7.0–8.5 × (4.0–)4.5–5.5(–6.0) mm, apex acute to subacute, margin narrowly membranous; fourth row ovate or elliptic, 7.5–10.0 × (3.5–)4.0–5.0(–5.5) mm, apex acute to subacute, margin membranous; fifth row ovate or elliptic, (8.0–)8.5–10.0 × (3.0–)3.5–4.5(–5.0) mm, apex acute, mucronate, margin membranous; sixth row narrowly ovate, elliptic or oblong, 8.5–10.0 × (2.5–)3.0–4.0(–4.5) mm, apex acute, mucronate, margin membranous. Receptacle flat or conical, paleate; paleae straw coloured, outer paleae (ray paleae) transition between inner involucral bracts and disc paleae, linear-ovate to narrowly ovate, 9–10 mm long, apex acute, often also with dark blotch apically, with infolded, membranous margins; disc paleae narrowly boat-shaped, 9–11(–12) mm long, apex acuminate, apex usually purplish or dark and blade with dark mid-line, margins membranous, keeled, keel with narrow membranous wing, enveloping inner ray and disc florets. Ray florets arranged in 1 or 2 rows, zygomorphic, female, fertile, very rarely bisexual with one or two fertile stamens; corolla white, glabrous; tube (2.5–)3.0–5.0 mm long, with 1, 2 or 3 staminodes, (2.0–)2.5(–4.0) mm long; limb (7.0–)7.5–12.0(– 13.0) × 2.5–4.5(–5.0) mm, elliptic, apex minutely 3-lobed. Styles (3–)4–5(–6) mm long, bifurcate, shortly exserted or sometimes hidden in tube; style branches rose-pink in fresh state, linear, 1.0–1.5(–2.0) mm, apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent apically or stigmatic areas covering inside of branches; in bisexual ray florets, style branches as in disc florets. Ray ovaries/cypselae brownish to straw coloured, linear-obconical, narrowly obovate or narrowly oblong, 4.0–5.5 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, trigonous, margins long twin hairy ciliate, surfaces glabrous. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of 3(4) awns interspersed with small scales, awns from cypsela margins; inner awn (opposite ray limb) longest, (3.0–)4.0–5.5(–6.0) mm long, other 2(3) awns shorter, 2.5–4.5(–5.0) mm long; scales oblong, 0.5 mm long, apices lacerate. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile, many; corolla white or purplish blue, glabrous, tubular basally, slightly widening towards lobes; tube 5.0–6.0(–6.5) mm long, lower part of tube thickened, 5-lobed; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5–2.0 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, rose-pink or purplish in fresh state, exserted, 2.0– 2.5 mm long, apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.2 mm long, ciliate. Styles 4.0–6.0(–6.5) mm long, bifurcate; style branches rose-pink or purplish in fresh state, linear or oblong, (1.0–)1.5–2.0 mm long, apex obtuse or conical, with acute hairs outside, with broad marginal stigmatic areas or stigmatic areas covering inside of branches. Disc ovaries/cypselae brownish to straw coloured, linear-obconical, narrowly obovate or narrowly oblong, 4.5–6.5 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, laterally compressed or sometimes faintly triangular, margins long twin hairy ciliate, surfaces glabrous. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of 2(3) awns interspersed with small scales, awns from margins of cypselae; one long awn 4.0–5.5(–6.0) mm long, one(two) shorter awn(-s) (2.0–)3.0–5.0(– 5.5) mm long; scales oblong, 0.5–0.8 mm long, apices lacerate. Flowering time: recorded from February to December, with a peak from April to July (autumn and winter). Note on Venter 6189 and 6197 (PRE): flowers honey scented. Figs 1 A, 2 A, 6 B, 10 A, 11 A, B, 32.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters: — Callilepis caerulea is the only species in the genus that is a shrub or small tree up to 4 m high. Its glabrous leaves are alternate or spirally arranged, ± subsessile or with a petiole-like base, obovate, narrowly obovate or rarely very narrowly obovate, with an obtuse or bluntly acute apex, leaf margins are bluntly serrate in the upper half but entire in the lower part and with 2 faint veins from the leaf base parallel to the main vein, disappearing upwards, capitula solitary or up to 5 terminally in the axils of the upper leaves and shortly pedunculate, involucral bracts glabrous, arranged in 5 or 6 rows, imbricate, the outer shorter than the inner, ray florets white, disc florets white or purplish blue, and cypselae have long twin hairy ciliate margins but glabrous surfaces.</p> <p>Distribution: — Callilepis caerulea is endemic to the Blouberg and Soutpansberg in Limpopo (Fig. 33).According to Von Staden (2015), the Red List Status of C. caerulea is Least Concern. ‘It is a range-restricted (EOO 1960 km ²) but locally common species that is not in danger of extinction’ (Von Staden 2015).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo: Western Soutpansberg, Blue Gums Road, Farm Crewe, ± 15 km from Louis Trichardt [Makhado], moderate N slope, Soutpansberg Arid Mountain Bushveld, ridge and ledges, 1680 m, (QDS: 2229DC Waterpoort), 1 May 1996, Bester &amp; Willis 3752 (PRE). Mutale District, along the road between Mufulwi and Tshumulungwi in the Soutpansberg Mountain on a rocky outcrop, gentle slope, grassland, 1115 m, (QDS: 2230CB Messina), 22 March 2002, Koekemoer 2259 (PRE). Tshanda [Tsaande?] Road in Soutpansberg, high altitude woodland, slight slope, W aspect, 1110 m, (QDS: 2230CB? Messina), 23August 2000, E. van Wyk EVW0116 (PRE). Sibasa District, Tate Vondo Forest Reserve, Tshilungwi, rocky mountain top, 1160 m, (QDS: 2230CD Messina), 8 December 1977, Hemm 404 (PRE, PRU). Matshavhawe area on dirt road towards Khunda, mountain, SE slope, mountain bushveld, 1585 m, (QDS: 2230CD? Messina), 19 October 2006, Nkuna &amp; Mabatha 2167 (PRE). Venda, ± 1 km vanaf Dzamba op pad na Rambuda, Bosgroep, ligte skadu, O-aspek, matige helling [± 1 km from Dzamba on road to Rambuda, slight shadow, slight E aspect], (QDS: 2230CD Messina), 12 April 1980, A.E. van Wyk 4081 (PRE, PRU). Venda, Dzamba, (QDS: 2230CD Messina), 22 May 1982, A.E. van Wyk 5664 (PRE, PRU). Venda, Gogogo, hoog teen kruin in oop veld [high up against summit in open veld], (QDS: 2230CD Messina), 6 October 1981, Van Wyk &amp; Theron 4692 (PRE, PRU). Venda, Dzamba, rotsagtig, humusryk en sanderige grond [rocky, humus rich, sandy soil], (QDS: 2230CD Messina), 6 October 1981, Van Wyk &amp; Theron 4860 (PRE, PRU). Zoutpansberg [Soutpansberg], Farm “Llewellyn 35 LS”, high hill west of house, E slope, high montane scrub, 4810 ft [1466 m], (QDS: 2329AB Pietersburg), 20 July 1981, Venter 6197 (PRE). Soutpansberg, plateau next to Letsjume on “Bergplaas 40 LS”, exposed sunny ridges, 5400 ft [1646 m], (QDS: 2329AB Pietersburg), 23 June 1981, Venter 6229 (PRE). Vivo, Mount Letsume on Soutpansberg, open montane grassveld, slight S slope, 1740 m, (QDS: 2329AB Pietersburg), 4 July 1985, Venter 10771 (PRE).</p> <p>Locality not found: Western Soutpansberg, Goro Game Reserve, [incomplete grid reference: 2329], no date, Willis s.n. PRE 590985 (PRE).</p> <p>Limpopo: Pietersburg District, Blaauwberg [Blouberg], in kloof leading to Trig. Beacon, 5600 ft [1707 m], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 29 April 1954, Codd 8757 (PRE). Pietersburg Division, Blaauwberg [Blouberg], on massive rock and on ledges above streams, S slopes, 5000 ft [1524 m], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 1 June 1953, Esterhuysen 21460 (PRE, 2 sheets). Louis Trichardt District, Blaauwberg [Blouberg] near Trig. Beacon, on boulders and ledges, S slope, 5000 ft [1524 m], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 31 May 1953, Esterhuysen s.n. PRE 42800 (PRE). Pietersburg District, Blaauwberg [Blouberg], growing in riverbed, 5500 ft [1676 m], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 10 May 1933, Leeman 116 (PRE). Pietersburg District, Blaauwberg [Blouberg], in kloof naby kruin van berg [in kloof near summit of mountain], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 26 April 1961, Van der Schijff 5401 (PRE, PRU). Baltimore District, Blouberg, middleupper slope, rock slabs, S facing slope, (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 3 December 1990, Van Jaarsveld 11411 (PRE). Blaauwberg [Blouberg], Farm “Leipzig 264 LR”, S slope of Lenare near top, high montane scrub forest, 4020 ft [1225 m], (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 15 July 1981, Venter 6167 (PRE). Top of Blaauwberg [Blouberg] above Farm “In der Mark”, gallery bush, grows on cliffs, 1495 m, (QDS: 2328BB Baltimore), 17 July 1981, Venter 6189 (PRE).</p> <p>No locality: High mountain forest, 4885 ft [1489 m], [locality not recorded on label but grid reference on label suggests Blouberg, 2329AB], 23 May 1982, Venter 8752 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFF7AE5255DEFA71FCA26167	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFF3AE5C55C0FE87FD8A6167.text	038F6B05FFF3AE5C55C0FE87FD8A6167.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis corymbosa Herman & Koekemoer 2014	<div><p>. Callilepis corymbosa Herman &amp; Koekemoer (2014: 254).</p> <p>Type: — SWAZILAND [eSWATINI]. Lubombo Province: SE of Sitsatsaweni at the top of the Mnyame River Gorge, gentle mountain slope, grassland, recently burned, 413 m, (QDS: 2632AC Bela Vista; GPS: 26°27’34”S 32°5’43”E), 24 November 2002, Koekemoer 2596 (holotype PRE!; isotypes BNRH, MO, US). Fig. 34.</p> <p>Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the capitula which are arranged in terminal corymbs.</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb with tufts of annual stems from underground rootstock, up to 1.2 m high. Stems unbranched basally, branching corymbosely upwards, glabrous, ribbed. Leaves alternate or spirally arranged, linear, decreasing in size upwards and passing into peduncular bracts, 42–65 × 1–2 mm, apex acute to acuminate, often mucronate, base cuneate, margin whitish or paler than rest of blade, glabrous, entire to distantly (minutely) serrulate in upper half, blade glabrous, with prominent main vein. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, up to ± 26 arranged in loose corymbs terminally. Involucre obconical to subglobose or cup-shaped, 8–10 mm wide. Involucral bracts in 5 or 6 rows, imbricate, outer shorter than inner, straw-coloured, glabrous; outer row shallowly triangular or ovate, 3–4 × 1.5–2.0 mm, apex acute, mucronulate, margin membranous, pectinate, main vein dark, keeled and broadening towards apex; second row broadly triangular or ovate, 4.0–4.5 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, apex acute, mucronulate, margin membranous, pectinate, main vein dark, slightly keeled and broadening towards apex; third row triangular or ovate, 4.0–4.5 × 2 mm, apex acute, mucronulate, margin membranous, pectinate, main vein dark, slightly broadening towards apex; fourth row ovate or elliptic, 4.5–5.0 × 2 mm, margin membranous, pectinate, main vein darkish, broadening upwards and with sunken oil glands; fifth row elliptic or oblong, 5.0–5.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, mucronulate, margin membranous, pectinate, main vein darkish, broadening upwards and with sunken oil glands; sixth row narrowly elliptic, oblong to obovate, 5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acute, mucronulate, margin membranous, pectinate in upper part, main vein darkish, broadening upwards and with sunken oil glands. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae boat-shaped, straw-coloured, keeled, 5–6 mm long, with 0.5–1.5 mm long, acute, brownish apex, with dark midline, margins pectinate, with few longish hairs along keel, enveloping disc florets. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, up to 15, in single row; corolla glabrous, white; tube 1.5–2.5 mm long, staminodes 0, 2 or 3; limb oblong-elliptic, 6.5–9.0 × 2–4 mm, (minutely) 3-lobed. Styles 2.8–3.5 mm long, bifurcate, exserted; style branches oblong or linear-elliptic, 0.3–0.8 mm long, obtuse, sometimes unequal, stigmatic areas marginal, confluent at apex. Ray ovaries brownish or greyish purple, obovate-trigonous, 2–3 mm long, surface glabrous, margins long twin hairy ciliate. Mature cypsela not seen. Ray pappus dimorphic, consisting of straw-coloured awns arising from tips of cypsela ribs and scales in between awns; one long awn 3–4 mm long, one or two shorter awns 2.5–3.5 mm long; interspersed with two to four oblong, lacerated, chartaceous scales, 1–2 mm long. Disc florets actinomorphoc, bisexual, fertile; corolla glabrous, white, tubular below, slightly widening upwards towards lobes; tube 2.5–4.0 mm long, 5-lobed; lobes ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long, acute. Anthers 5, 1–2 mm long; apical appendages ovate, 0.5–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.5–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles 3.5–4.0 mm long, bifurcate; style branches linear or narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.5 mm long, apex conical with acute hairs outside at base of cone, with broad marginal stigmatic areas, confluent at apex or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries brownish or greyish purple, obovate, 3–4 mm long, laterally compressed, occasionally weakly 3-angled, usually with midrib on one surface, surface glabrous, margins long twin hairy ciliate. Mature cypsela not seen. Disc pappus dimorphic, consisting of straw-coloured awns and scales in between; one long awn 3.5–4.0 mm long, one or two shorter awns ± 3 mm long, interspersed with three or four oblong, lacerated, chartaceous scales 1.5–2.0 mm long. Flowering time: recorded for November, December and February. Figs 10 B, 11 C, D, 34.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters: — Callilepis corymbosa is characterised by its glabrous stems, leaves and involucral bracts, linear leaves with a single main vein, leaf margins entire to distantly serrulate in the upper half, capitula arranged in loose corymbs, imbricate involucral bracts with the outer bracts shorter than the inner bracts, white ray and disc florets, surfaces of the ovaries (and cypselae?) glabrous but long twin hairy ciliate along the margins.</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis corymbosa is currently known from two localities in Mpumalanga and the type locality in eSwatini (Fig. 33).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: SATICO, northern boundary, Louws Creek area, N aspect, grassland, 956 m, (QDS: 2531CB Komatipoort), 5 December 2011, Burrows &amp; Turpin 12112 (BNRH image, PRE). S of Malelane, SSW of Spargo Dam, Farm ‘Sherlock’ Serenity Lodge, open rocky grassveld on steep NW slope, (QDS: 2531DA Komatipoort), 13 February 2004, McMurtry 11707 (PRE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFF3AE5C55C0FE87FD8A6167	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
038F6B05FFFDAE5E55C0FE87FF2C61D3.text	038F6B05FFFDAE5E55C0FE87FF2C61D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callilepis normae Herman & Koekemoer 2014	<div><p>0. Callilepis normae Herman &amp; Koekemoer (2014: 258).</p> <p>Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: NE of Lydenburg [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.6025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.009167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.6025/lat -25.009167)">Mashishing</a>], on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.6025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.009167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.6025/lat -25.009167)">Mount Anderson Ranch</a>, farm <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.6025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.009167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.6025/lat -25.009167)">Goedverwacht</a>, SE of guest cottages, gentle mountain slope, 1899 m, (QDS: 2530BA Lydenburg; GPS: 25°00’33”S 30°36’09”E), 14 February 2014, Koekemoer 4573 (holotype PRE; isotypes BC, BNRH, MO, NH, P, US). Fig. 35.</p> <p>Etymology:—Named for Mrs Norma Mary Rattray, hotelier and conservationist. Together with her husband (since 1972), M.L. P. Rattray, they were the first private individuals to establish a Big Five eco-tourism reserve as well as the first water catchment reserve. They are the owners of the Mount Anderson Ranch where the type species was collected for the first time (Herman &amp; Koekemoer 2014).</p> <p>Erect, perennial herb with tufts of annual stems from woody underground rootstock, rootstock deltoid, up to 110 mm in diameter at top, aromatic (smells like fennel: Foeniculum vulgare Miller (1768: FOEN)). Stems up to 1.2 m high, simple below, branching corymbosely in upper half, ribbed, glabrous. Leaves alternate or spirally arranged, filiform, up to 80 mm long, ± 0.5 mm broad, decreasing in size upwards, apex acute, margin entire, whitish or paler than rest of blade, glabrous. Capitula heterogamous, radiate, up to ± 16 in loose terminal corymbs. Involucre obconical, 10(–12) mm long, 10–12(–15) mm wide. Involucral bracts in 5 or 6 rows, imbricate, outer shorter than inner, straw-coloured, glabrous except for hairy apices; outer row narrowly triangular, 2.2 × 0.5–1.0 mm, acute OR ovate, 3–4 × 1.0– 1.2 mm, apex long acuminate, purplish, margin narrowly membranous, pectinate, midline keeled; second row triangular to narrowly triangular, 3 × 1.5 mm OR ovate, 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2.0 mm, apex acute to acuminate, purplish, margin narrowly membranous, pectinate, midline keeled, sometimes with row of dark oil glands along margin; third row ovate or narrowly ovate, 4–5 × 2.0– 2.2 mm, apex acute, purplish, margin membranous, pectinate, apically sometimes with two or four rows dark oil glands along margin or otherwise midline dark, broadening slightly towards apex; fourth row ovate, 5–7 × 2.2–3.0 mm, apex acute, purplish, margin membranous, pectinate, apically sometimes with dark oil glands in two rows or otherwise midline dark, elliptically broadened near apex; fifth row narrowly elliptic or oblong, 7.5–8.5 × 3.0– 3.5 mm, apex acute, purplish, margin membranous, pectinate, midline with dark oil glands, elliptically broadened near apex; sixth row oblong to narrowly obovate, 8.5–10.0 × 3.0– 3.5 mm, apex acute, purplish, margin membranous, pectinate, midline with dark oil glands. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae straw-coloured, narrowly boat-shaped, 7–10 × 1–4 mm, apex acute to bluntly acute, margins pectinate, midline dark, sometimes membranous winged and sparsely pectinate, glabrous except for hairy apices, enveloping disc florets. Ray florets zygomorphic, female, fertile, up to ± 12 in one row, corolla glabrous, white; tube 2.5–3.0 mm long, with staminodes; limb 8–9 × 4–5 mm, oblong to elliptic, narrowing abruptly towards tube, apex minutely 2- or 3-lobed. Styles 3.5–4.0 mm long, bifurcate, but often 3-furcate, exserted; style branches linear or oblong, 1 mm long, apex obtuse, with broad marginal stigmatic areas confluent at apex. Ray ovaries trigonous-obconical to narrowly trigonous-obconical, 4.0–4.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, surface densely covered with long twin hairs. Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of 3 or 4 awns, up to 4 mm long, slightly broadening towards base, interspersed by 5 or 6 flat, chartaceous scales, up to 2 × 1 mm, apices and margins pectinate. Disc florets actinomorphic, bisexual, fertile; corolla glabrous, white; tubular below, slightly widening upwards; tube 3–5 mm long, 5-lobed; lobes up to 2 mm long, acute, recurved. Anthers 5, purplish, 2 mm long; apical appendages narrowly ovate, 0.8–1.0 mm long, bases caudate and calcarate, tails 0.8–1.0 mm long, ciliate. Styles 3.5–5.0 mm long, bifurcate; style branches linear, 1.0– 1.4 mm long, apex conical or obtuse, with acute hairs outside at base, with marginal stigmatic areas, confluent at apex or entire inner surface stigmatic. Disc ovaries very narrowly obovate, 4–5 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, laterally compressed, surface densely covered with long twin hairs. Mature cypsela not seen. Pappus dimorphic, consisting of 3 or 4 awns, 3–4 mm long, slightly broadening towards base, interspersed by 5 or 6 flat, chartaceous scales, 1.5–2.0 × 1 mm, apices and margins pectinate. Flowering time: January and February (late summer). Figs 1D, 2 C, D, 7 B, D, 10 C, D, 12 A, B, 35.</p> <p>Diagnostic characters:— Callilepis normae is characterised by its glabrous stems, leaves and involucral bracts, filiform leaves with entire margins, capitula arranged in loose terminal corymbs with imbricate involucral bracts, the outer bracts shorter than the inner bracts, white ray and disc florets, and twin hairy ray and disc ovaries (cypselae?).</p> <p>Distribution:— Callilepis normae is endemic to Mpumalanga and is, except for specimens from the type locality, known from only two other localities in Mpumalanga (Fig. 31). According to Von Staden (2015), the Red List Status of C. normae is Rare.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga: Pelgrimrus Distrik, Ohrigstad[dam]natuurreservaat, steil suidoosfront glooiing, in vlak klipperige grond [Pilgrimsrest District, Ohrigstad Dam Nature Reserve, steep SE facing slope, shallow stony soil], (QDS: 2430DC Pilgrim’s Rest), 23 January 1976, Theron 3568 (PRE, PRU). Lydenburg District, [Mashishing], Mount Anderson Catchment Reserve, farm Goedverwacht 152JT, Golden Hill, hillside, WNW aspect, rocky quartzite, montane grassland, 1916 m, (QDS: 2530BA Lydenburg), 1 February 2014, Burrows &amp; Burrows 14008 (BNRH image, PRE). Golden Hill, Goedverwacht farm, Mt Anderson, moderate hill slope, grassland, (QDS: 2530BA Lydenburg), 1 February 2014, Raimondo s.n. (PRE 0863365-0) (PRE). On mountain slope ± 2 km from Sterkspruit Nature Reserve gate towards Lydenburg, lefthandside of road, grassland, (QDS: 2530BA Lydenburg), 20 January 2022, Steyn 661 (PRE).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6B05FFFDAE5E55C0FE87FF2C61D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Herman, Paul P. J.	Herman, Paul P. J. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa. Phytotaxa 563 (1): 1-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.563.1.1
