identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D087A5FFF0FFD297472FF5F25E8C2C.text	03D087A5FFF0FFD297472FF5F25E8C2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes Chrevrolat 1860	<div><p>Genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860</p> <p>Clytus (Ochraethes) Chevrolat, 1860: 454.</p> <p>Clytopsis Casey, 1912: 350, 373. Type species. Clytopsis nimbata Casey, 1912 (= Clytus dimidiaticornis Chevrolat, 1860). Original designation.</p> <p>Ochraesthes – Thomson 1861: 219; 1864: 185; 1865: 424 (error). Ochrestes – Lacordaire 1869: 65 (error). Ochresthes – Bates 1880: 50 (error). Ochraethes – Casey 1912: 348. — Linsley 1935: 86 (list.); 1964: 100. — Hopping 1937: 453. — Arnett 1962: 868. — Monné 1993: 17 (cat.); 2005: 106 (cat.); 2012: 14 (cat.); 2021: 144 (cat.). — Bezark 2021: 73 (checklist). — Heffern et al. 2020: 178 (syn.). Clytopsis – Monné 1993: 24 (cat.); 2005: 77 (cat.); 2012: 13 (cat.). — Heffern et al. 2020: 178 (syn.).</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) circuliferus Chevrolat, 1860 (= Clytus sommeri Chevrolat, 1835). Subsequent designation, Thomson 1861: 219).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Ochraethes is characterized as follows: frons transverse; vertex wider than long; genae short or elongate, broad; upper interocular space slightly wider than lower interocular space; vertex transversely rectangular; subsutural costa (subparallel to suture) beginning from anterior third; elytral apex rounded, truncate or emarginate; prosternal process narrow or broad, arcuate, often with rounded lobes apically; mesoventrite with anterior portion from elevate to strongly elevate; and mesoventral process abruptly depressed. This genus exhibits pubescence patterns on the elytra that are useful for species identification. However, in most species the general coloration of the pubescence on body has a wide range from bright to dark (including the pubescence patterns on the elytra).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFF0FFD297472FF5F25E8C2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFF0FFD697672B23F0EA8E62.text	03D087A5FFF0FFD697672B23F0EA8E62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes confusus Pérez-Flores & Toledo-Hernández 2022	<div><p>Ochraethes confusus sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A9F5815E-5B2E-4092-9482-4B4F69E27A63</p> <p>Fig. 1</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name is an adjective derived from Latin ‘ confusus ’ (‘confused’); refers to the irregular pattern of black pubescence on the elytra, which is similar to that of other species of the genus.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Puebla, 1 km SW of Acatepec; 14 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; EMEC. Paratypes (34) MEXICO • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀ ♀; Muséum de Paris 1916 de Tonanzin, Biant 1864; MNHN. – Chiapas • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 16 km W of Ocozocoautla “ El Aguacero ”; 30 Sep. 1994; V.H. Toledo leg.; CIUM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16–23 Oct. 1988; E. Giesbert leg.; JEWC. – Oaxaca • 2 ♂♂; 4 km S of Miltepec; 13 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 15 km NE of Huajuapan de León; 2 Nov. 1991; alt. 1570 m; Felipe A. Noguera and A. Rodríguez leg.; EBCC • 2 ♂♂; Km 26 “carr. fed.” [federal road] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.65203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.712696" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.65203/lat 17.712696)">Huajuapan de León–Oaxaca</a>; 17°42′45.7″ N, 97°39′07.3″ W; alt. 2112 m; 5 Oct. 2009; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Huajuapan de León, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.78871&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.833046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.78871/lat 17.833046)">Huejonapa</a>; 17°49′58.96″ N, 97°47′19.35″ W; 6 Nov. 2016; O. Pérez Flores leg.; BMNH • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; CNIN • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; MX 125, 38 km NE of Huajuapan de León; 18 Oct. 2001; F. Skillman and J. Davidson; FWSC. – Puebla • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; EMEC • 1 ♀; 10 km NE of Chapulco; 15 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FWSC • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.606445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.220667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.606445/lat 18.220667)">Caltepec</a>, 3 km W of Acatepec; 18°13′14.4″ N, 97°36′23.2″ W; alt. 2022 m; 27 Oct. 2014; L. Cervantes and J. Báez leg.; “ matorral espinoso”; IEXA • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tehuacan; 19 Oct. 1941; DeLong, Good Culdwell and Plummer leg.; FMNH.</p> <p>Additional material</p> <p>MEXICO – Chiapas • 1 ♀; 16 km W of Ocozocoautla, “ El Aguacero ”; 30 Sep. 1994; V.H. Toledo leg.; CIUM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Oct. 1994; CIUM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Oct. 1994; CIUM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; EBCC • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Nov. 1994; CIUM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; EBCC • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Nov. 1994; CIUM • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; EBCC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Nov. 1994; CIUM • 1 ♀; “El Aguacero”, 16 km W of Ocozocoautla; 16–23 Oct. 1988; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Teotitlán del Valle; 19 Oct. 1978; E. Barrera leg.; CNIN • 1 ♂; Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Cañón del Sumidero, Mirador El Tepehuaje; 16°49′39.5″ N, 93°05′26.3″ W; alt. 1257 m; 28 Oct. 2008; M.M. Álvarez and T. Red leg.; “ selva baja caducifolia”; CIUM. – Oaxaca • 1 ♀; 22 Sep. 1923; E.G. Smyth leg.; JEWC • 1 ♂; 3 km SSE of Llano Verde, Km 124 “carr.” [road] Oax–Huajuapan; 17°16′49″ N, 97°04′26″ W; alt. 2280 m; 8 Oct. 2003; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 1 ♂; 3 mi. from Miahuatlán on Cuistla rd; 15 Oct. 1948; E.O. Wagner leg.; EMEC • 1 ♂; 3 mi. S El Camerón; 2 Oct. 1986; R. Miller and L. Stange leg.; FSCA • 2 ♂♂; 6 km S of Santiago Matatlán, RMO Ocotepec; 16 Oct. 2005; F. Skillman and B. Eya leg.; FWSC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; 8 mi NW of Tutla; alt. 5500 feet; 6 Oct. 975; J. Powell, J. Chemsak, T. Eichlin and T. Friedlander leg.; EMEC • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 15 km NE of Huajuapan de León; alt. 1570 m; 2 Nov. 1991; Felipe A. Noguera and A. Rodríguez leg.; EBCC • 1 ♀; 25 km SE of Huajuapan; 13 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 8 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; 25 km SW of Huajuapan de León; 24 Oct. 2005; F. Skillman and B. Eya leg.; flowers; FWSC • 1 ♀; 30 km SE of Cuicatlan; alt. 1281 m; 7 Oct. 2005, E. Elizalde and L. Cervantes leg.; “selva baja”; IEXA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 35 km N of Huajuapan de León; 15 Oct. 2005; F. Skillman and B. Eya leg.; FWSC • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 38 km NE of Huajuapan de León; 18 Oct. 2001; F. Skillman and J. Davidson leg.; FWSC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; 50 km NE of Huajuapan de León; 11 Oct. 1994; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; 63 km NE of Huajuapan; 14 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; Chapulapa; 3 May 77; Castillo Cabos leg.; COLPOS • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Guelatao; alt. 1800 m; 15 Nov. 1964; EMEC • 1 ♂; Km 68.5 “carr. fed.” [federal road] Huajuapan de León–Oaxaca; 18°12′28.7″ N, 97°38´44.6″ W; alt. 1973 m; 6 Oct. 2009; W.J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 1 ♀; Km 75 “carr. fed.” [federal road] Huajuapan de León–Oaxaca; 17°42′45.7″ N, 97°39′07.3″ W; alt. 2112 m; 6 Oct. 2009; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 1 ♂; Km 122 “carr. fed.” [federal road] Miahutlan–Puerto Ángel; 16°14′55.1″ N, 96°32′44.2″ W; alt. 2051.3 m; 3 Oct. 2009; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 1 ♂; Miahuatlán; alt. 1000 m; 9 Oct. 1948; H.O. Wagner leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; km 15 Miahuatlán–Puerto Ángel; 16°14′55″ N, 96°32′43″ W; alt. 2047 m; 11 Oct. 2005; W.L. Cervantes and E. Elizalde leg.; “encinar”; IEXA • 1 ♀; Monte Albán; 17°03′00″ N, 96°45′56″ W; alt. 1859 m; 7 Oct. 2005; E. Elizalde and L. Cervantes leg.; “bosque pino”; IEXA • 13 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; vicinity of Matatlan; 19 Oct. 2001; F. Skillman and J. Davidson; microwave tower; FWSC. – Puebla • 2 ♀♀; 1 km SW of Acatepec; 14 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 2 km SE of Zapotitlán Salinas; alt. 1410 m; 3 Nov. 1991; F.A. Noguera and A. Rodríguez leg.; EBCC • 1 ♂; 4 mi. SW of Morelos; 20 Sep. 1977; J. Chemsak and A. and M. Michelbacher leg.; “cañada”; EMEC • 1 ♂; 5 mi. S of Chapulco; alt. 7500 feet; 4 Oct. 1975; J. Powell leg.; EMEC • 2 ♂♂; 6 km SW of Teontepec; 2 Oct. 2003; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS • 2 ♂♂; 6 mi. S of Zapotitlan; alt. 5500 feet; 6 Oct. 1975; EMEC • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 7 km SE of Morelos; alt. 7700 feet; 4 Oct. 1975; J. Powell, J. Chemsak, T. Eichlin and T. Friedlander leg.; “cañada”; EMEC • 1 ♂; 9 km NE of Chapulco; 15 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 1 ♀; 10 km S of Zapotitlán; 14 Oct. 1978; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 18 km SE of I. de Matamoros; alt. 1270 m; 31 Oct. 1991; F.A. Noguera and A. Rodríguez leg.; EBCC • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; 23 km SE of Zapotitlán Salinas; alt. 1880 m; 3 Nov. 1991; F.A. Noguera leg.; EBCC • 1 ♀; 25 km N of Tehuacán; 4 Nov. 1991; F.A. Noguera and R. Ayala leg.; EBCC • 1 ♀; Tehuacán; Sep. 1917; C.C. Hoffman leg.; CNIN • 1 ♂; El Tepenene, 10 mi. SE of Izucar de Matamoros; alt. 4500 feet; 8 Oct. 1975; J. Chemsak, T. Eichlin and T. Friedlander leg.; EMEC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Km 36 “carr.” [road] Zapotitlán–Acatepec; 18.17.30° N, 97.31.737° W; alt. 1633 m; 3 Oct. 2003; J. Romero Nápoles leg.; COLPOS. – Tabasco • 1 ♂; Tapijulapa; 28 Jun. 90; Moreno leg.; CNIN.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male (holotype)</p> <p>COLORATION. Integument black on head, thorax, elytra, and abdominal ventrites I–III, and basal half of IV; from reddish brown to dark orange on antennae, palpi, legs, posterior half of abdominal ventrite IV, and abdominal ventrite V.</p> <p>HEAD. Surface finely and densely punctate; with short bright yellow pubescence on frons, genae, gulamentum, and mouthparts, bright orange on vertex (yellow in some specimens), and dense, long, erect, homogeneous bright yellow setae. Frons 2.2× as wide as long; median groove defined; tentorial depression transverse superficial and incomplete. Eyes finely faceted, with interlobular space as long as width lower lobe; distance between upper eyes lobes 4.5 × as wide as upper lobe; interantennal space 0.6× length of scape. Antennal tubercles elevated with distinct depression toward median groove. Genae 0.7× as wide as a lower lobe. Anteclypeus 3.5 × as wide as long. Labrum narrower than anteclypeus with straight sides. Gulamentum 4× as wide as long. Antennae 1.1× elytral length, reaching posterior third of elytra, with sparse bright yellow (brown on some areas) pubescence on scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–IV, brown on antennomeres V–XI, and long setae on scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–XI, especially ventrally and toward apex; antennomere XI with apex rounded; antennal ratio based on length of antennomere III; scape = 1.22; pedicel = 0.51; IV = 0.94; V–VII = 1.00; VIII–IX = 0.91; X = 0.65; XI = 0.92.</p> <p>THORAX. Prothorax 1.2× as wide as long, rounded laterally. Pronotum moderately finely punctate, with dense bright yellow pubescence and bright orange pubescence interspersed; on central area more bright orange with transverse black pubescence (sometimes brown), and dense bright yellow (some brown) erect setae; disk with fossula from base to middle, base constricted laterally, and laterobasal area arched. Scutellum longer than wide, apically obtuse, densely covered with bright yellow pubescence. Elytra 2.25 × as long as wide, with dense bright yellow pubescence (occasionally bright orange), and long, erect bright yellow (some ochre) setae on base and apex (some along elytral suture); with five transverse black pubescent bands as follows: first on base, undulated, from humerus to suture; second on anterior third, surrounding semicircular yellow pubescent macula; third on middle; fourth on posterior third, wider than the previous ones, subparallel, reaching suture; and fifth near to the apex, as wide as third and fourth, not reaching suture; sub-sutural costa distinguishable, more clearly on posterior third; parasutural region depressed, with its widest zone half width of elytron; apex obliquely truncate, with apicolateral projection reduced. Humeri elevated. Prosternum with dense bright yellow pubescence and moderately erect bright yellow setae; prosternal process narrow and posteriorly arcuate, apex with rounded lobes. Mesoventrite anteriorly strongly elevated, mostly with dense bright yellow pubescence and scarce erect bright yellow setae; mesoventral process broad, 0.7 × width of mesocoxal cavities, in lateral view, surpassing dorsal surface of mesocoxae, apex emarginate; mesanepisternum covered with dense pubescence, abundantly punctate; mesepimeron less pubescent than mesanepisternum. Metaventrite with dense bright yellow pubescence, apical projection rounded; metanepisternum more pubescent than metaventrite. Legs with dense bright yellow pubescence, pale yellow on coxae, some brown and ochre on tarsi; metafemora reach apex of ventrite IV, with apical projection reduced, rounded; metatibiae with innermost spine just longer than outermost; metatarsomere I as long as metatarsomeres II–V together.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Intercoxal process moderate, gradually narrowed toward acute apex, with homogeneous bright yellow pubescence, denser laterally and apically, and erect, sparse bright yellow setae; apex of ventrite V truncate and slightly crenulated.</p> <p>MALE GENITALIA. Parameres moderately sclerotized, subparallel in ventral view, narrower toward apex; with short setae throughout and long apical setae; inter-parameres space rounded; basal projection discontinued, very oblique in ventral view, extending to middle of each paramere (Fig. 1E).</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Similar to male. Antennae just surpassing first third of elytra, antennomeres IX–XI shorter and wider than in males. Metafemora slightly shorter than in male. Color of ventrites usually reddish brown-dark orange, occasionally similar to male. Apex of ventrite V rounded.</p> <p>Dimensions (mm)</p> <p>Holotype male. Total length, 15.15; prothoracic length, 3.25; anterior prothoracic width, 3.40; posterior prothoracic width, 3.05; widest prothoracic width 3.95; humeral width, 5.20; elytral length, 10.60. Paratypes male/female. Total length, 8.85–15.25/9.85–18.60; prothoracic length, 1.70–3.34/1.95–3.85; anterior prothoracic width, 1.85–3.52/2.10–5.14; posterior prothoracic width, 1.55–3.16/1.75–4.35; greatest prothoracic width 2.15–4.08/2.40–5.70; humeral width, 2.85–5.30/3.05–7.20; elytral length, 6.30–10.73/7.0–13.10.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Mexico: Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco.</p> <p>Flower records</p> <p>Helianthus sp. and Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The specimens from southeastern Oaxaca and Chiapas have the integument colour darker on legs and abdomen. The pubescent pattern of this species is consistent in males and females and allows it to be distinguished it from other species of the genus; only males have darker pubescence on the body. Ochraethes confusus sp. nov. is most similar to O. sommeri (Chevrolat, 1835) in the pubescence pattern, but differs by the five transverse bands of black pubescence on the elytra (four in O. sommeri), which are slender, and more sinuous. Also, it can be distinguished from O. sommeri by the anteclypeus and labrum reduced (no reduced in O. sommeri); metafemora reaching apex of ventrite IV (reaching V in O. sommeri), and the apical projection of the metafemora reduced (not reduced in O. sommeri).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFF0FFD697672B23F0EA8E62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFF4FFD5975F29E1F4288CC8.text	03D087A5FFF4FFD5975F29E1F4288CC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes nigroapicalis Pérez-Flores & Toledo-Hernández 2022	<div><p>Ochraethes nigroapicalis sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6AEDB175-184D-49AB-AD23-AB37386DE4FA</p> <p>Fig. 2</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific name nigroapicalis is composed from the Latin ‘ niger, nigra, nigrum ’, and ‘ apex, apicis ’, referring to pubescence patterns on male elytra, which is mostly black on the posterior half.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype MEXICO • ♂; Nayarit, 5–10 km W of Jala; 8 Dec. 1990; E. Giesbert leg.; EMEC.</p> <p>Paratypes (32) MEXICO – Jalisco • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 3.4 km NW of Tequila; alt. 1295 m; 25 Sep. 1976; C.D. George and R.R. Snelling leg.; LACM • 1 ♀; San Martín de Bolaños; alt. 1400 m; 22–26 Oct. 1996; C. Cabello leg.; “selva baja caducifolia”; EBCC. – Nayarit • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; EMEC • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; FSCA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; San Juan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.92461&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.50432" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.92461/lat 21.50432)">Sierra de San Juan</a>; 21.50432º N, 104.92461º W; 14 Oct. 2020; Fernando Amador Martínez leg.; CNIN • 3 ♂♂; Volcán Ceboruco, 8–12 km W of Jala; 4 Oct. 1990; J.E. Wappes leg.; JEWC • 1 ♀; 5–10 km W of Jala; alt. 4000–5000 feet; 27 Sep.–6 Oct. 1991; E. Giesbert leg.; FSCA. – Zacatecas • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; 6 km SSW of Tepetongo; 3 Oct. 1990; J.E. Wappes leg.; JEWC.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male (holotype)</p> <p>COLORATION. Integument black on head, thorax, coxae, elytra, and abdominal ventrites I–III, and basal half of abdominal ventrites IV and V; reddish brown on antennae, palpi, legs, and posterior half of abdominal ventrites IV and V.</p> <p>HEAD. Surface finely and densely punctate; with short bright yellow pubescence on frons, genae, gulamentum, and mouthparts, bright orange on vertex (yellow in some specimens), and dense, long, erect, homogeneous pale yellow (bright yellow in some specimens) setae. Frons 2.1× as wide as long; median groove defined; tentorial depression transverse superficial and incomplete. Eyes finely faceted, with interlobular space as long as width lower lobe; distance between upper eyes lobes 5.0× as wide as upper lobe; interantennal space 0.7× as long as scape. Antennal tubercles slightly elevated with distinct depression toward median groove. Genae small, 0.5 × as wide as of lower lobe. Anteclypeus 4.5× as wide as long. Labrum distinctly narrower than anteclypeus with straight sides. Gulamentum 3.2× as wide as long. Antennae 1.2 × elytral length, reaching posterior quarter of elytra, with sparse bright yellowish-white or pale yellow pubescence on scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–VIII, mostly brown on antennomeres VII–XI, and long setae on scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–X, mainly ventrally and toward apex; antennomere XI with apex rounded; antennal ratio based on length of antennomere III; scape = 1.20; pedicel = 0.58; IV = 1.00; V–VII = 1.22; VIII–IX = 1.00; X = 0.84; XI = 1.22.</p> <p>THORAX. Prothorax 1.5× as wide as long, rounded laterally. Pronotum moderately finely punctate, with dense bright yellow pubescence and bright orange pubescence interspersed; on central area more orange, and with dense bright yellow (some brown) erect setae; base constricted laterally, and laterobasal area arched. Scutellum wider than long, apically rounded, densely covered with bright yellow pubescence. Elytra 2.2 × as long as wide, with dense bright orange pubescence (occasionally bright yellow in some specimens), and long brown (some ochre) setae on base and apex; without transverse bands of black pubescence on basal half; with contrasting maculae of bright yellow (occasionally pale yellow in some specimens) pubescence as follows: first on humeral area, subelliptical; second close to suture on basal third, elongated; third on middle of anterior half, semicircular; fourth before middle, subeliptical, oblique; posterior half mostly covered with black pubescence, except apex with orange and bright yellow pubescence, surrounding dark central pubescence (sometimes, dark pubescence absent in some specimens); sub-sutural costa distinguishable, more clearly on posterior third; parasutural region depressed, with it widest zone 0.4× as wide as an elytron; apex slightly obliquely truncate, with apicolateral projection reduced. Humeri elevated, with brown (sometimes ochre in some specimens) pubescence. Prosternum with dense pale yellow (bright yellow toward sides) pubescence and moderately erect pale yellow setae; prosternal process narrow and posteriorly arcuate, apex with rounded lobes. Mesoventrite anteriorly moderately elevated, mostly with dense whitish pubescence and scattered erect pale yellow setae; mesoventral intercoxal process broad, 0.6 × as wide as mesocoxal cavities, in lateral view just as elevated as mesocoxae, apex emarginate; mesanepisternum covered with dense bright yellow pubescence, abundantly punctate; mesepimeron with whitish pubescence. Metaventrite with dense pale yellow pubescence, apical projection rounded truncate; metanepisternum with bright yellow pubescence denser than on metaventrite. Legs with dense pale yellow pubescence on coxae, and femora, bright yellow on tibiae, and tarsi, some ochre on tarsi; metafemora reach apex of ventrite V, with apical projection reduced, obtuse; metatibiae with innermost spine just longer than outermost; metatarsomere I 1.15 × length of metatarsomeres II–V together.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Intercoxal process wide, gradually narrowed toward acute apex, with homogeneous pale yellow pubescence on middle and bright yellow toward sides, denser laterally and apically, and erect, sparse pale yellow setae; apex of ventrite V truncate and slightly crenulated.</p> <p>MALE GENITALIA. Parameres moderately sclerotized, subparallel in ventral view, narrower toward apex; with short setae throughout and long apical setae; inter-parameres space acute; basal projection discontinued, very oblique in ventral view, extended to middle of each paramere (Fig. 2E).</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Similar to male. Antennae just surpassing half length of elytra, antennomeres IX–XI shorter and wider than in males. Elytra with two transverse, wide, subparallel black pubescent bands reaching suture on posterior half, first on middle and second on posterior third, wide, sub-parallel, reaching elytral suture. Metafemora slightly shorter than in male. Apex of ventrite V rounded.</p> <p>Dimensions (mm)</p> <p>Holotype male. Total length, 13.35; prothoracic length, 3.20; anterior prothoracic width, 3.0; posterior prothoracic width, 2.80; widest prothoracic width 3.65; humeral width, 4.40; elytral length, 9.20. Paratypes male/female. Total length, 11.45–15.10/13.06–16.10; prothoracic length, 2.40–3.70/3.10– 3.90; anterior prothoracic width, 2.25–3.40/2.88–3.72; posterior prothoracic width, 1.95–3.20/2.70– 3.50; greatest prothoracic width 2.82–4.48/3.50–4.90; humeral width, 3.70–5.60/5.0–6.35; elytral length, 8.20–10.35/9.10–11.0.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Mexico: Jalisco, Nayarit and Zacatecas.</p> <p>Flower records</p> <p>Tithonia tubiformis (Jacq.) Cass.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The females of this species are very similar to O. sommeri, but the geographical distribution (only in southern of the Sierra Madre Occidental) and pubescent pattern on the elytra are useful to separate them. Also, this species can be distinguished from other known species by the labrum reduced with straight sides (rounded in O. sommeri); elytra with wide dark area covering nearly all of the posterior half (males); and metatarsomere I longer than II–V together. Ochraethes nigroapicalis sp. nov. is the species of genus Ochraethes with the most evident sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>Species delimitation analyses</p> <p>The final matrix of COI includes 84 terminals (including two species of Tanyochraethes and four of Trichoxys), 660 aligned characters and data of all morphotypes were obtained for each species (Figs 3–4). The multiple delimitation methods (ABGD, bPTP and GMYC) consistently separate the new species and support some synonymies within Ochraethes. Most of the species currently recognized species were recovered as single MOTU (Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit).</p> <p>The ABGD method with initial and recursive partitions recovered different results (initial = 18 MOTUs, recursive = 19 and 18 MOTUs), however, the last recursive partition showed 18 MOTUs (Fig. 5). In bPTP method, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods were congruent with 18 MOTUs. Finally, the coalescence analysis performed under GMYC method obtained the same MOTUs under coalescent models with a confidence interval of 11–22; likelihood of null model = 519.4138; likelihood of GMYC model = 525.3721.</p> <p>Nevertheless, Ochraethes brevicornis (Chevrolat, 1860) with O. virescens (Chevrolat, 1860), O. octomaculata Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 2001 with Tanyochraethes cinereolus Chemsak &amp; Linsley, 1965, O. obliquus (Chevrolat, 1860) with O. zebratus Bates, 1885, O. sommeri (Chevrolat, 1835) with Trichoxys giesberti, O. viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860) with O. nigritus Bates, 1892, and O. z-littera (Chevrolat, 1860) with O. cristoforii (Chevrolat, 1860) and O. litura Bates, 1885 were recovered as one MOTU respectively. On the other hand, O. sommeri comprises a major morphological variation of the genus, with different populations across Mexico. The coalescence analysis suggest that all populations belong to a single MOTU, except the populations from southwestern Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Tabasco (Ochraethes confusus sp. nov.) and populations from northwestern Jalisco, southwestern Nayarit and Zacatecas (Ochraethes nigroapicalis sp. nov.).</p> <p>The maximum likelihood tree from IQ-TREE represents a first approximation about the phylogenetic relationships of Ochraethes, which recovered the genus as polyphyletic; however, a more comprehensive study (additional markers and taxa) about the evolutionary relationships of this group is needed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFF4FFD5975F29E1F4288CC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFEBFFC9972F2C74F5118F8A.text	03D087A5FFEBFFC9972F2C74F5118F8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes brevicornis (Chevrolat 1860)	<div><p>Ochraethes brevicornis (Chevrolat, 1860)</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) brevicornis Chevrolat, 1860: 480.</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) virescens Chevrolat, 1860: 481, syn. nov.</p> <p>Ochrestes brevicornis – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochrestes virescens – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochresthes brevicornis – Bates 1880: 52 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochresthes virescens – Bates 1880: 52 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochraethes brevicornis – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Chemsak &amp; Linsley 1974: 183. — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 18 (cat.); 2005: 106 (cat.); 2021: 144 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Wappes et al. 2018: 3. — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 465 (checklist). — Bezark 2019: 405 (distr.); 2021: 74 (checklist);</p> <p>Ochraethes virescens – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Chemsak &amp; Linsley 1974: 183. — Chemsak et al. 1992: 70 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 20 (cat.); 2005: 109 (cat.); Monné 2021: 148 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — MacRae et al. 2012: 176. — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 74 (checklist);.</p> <p>Triodoclytus brevicornis – Linsley 1935: 86 (distr.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.).</p> <p>Triodoclytus virescens – Linsley 1935: 87 (distr.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.).</p> <p>When Chevrolat (1860) described the genus as a subgenus of Clytus, he included two very similar species, O. brevicornis and O. virescens. According to Chevrolat (1860), O. brevicornis and O. virescens are similar (“Cet insecte [O. brevicornis] est très voisin du Cl. virescens ”), but the latter differs in the antennomeres VI–XI longer, antennal coloration, and prothorax longer than width. In this case, sexual dimorphism is evident (similar to O. viridiventris). In females, the antennae are always shorter with the last antennomeres wider, the pubescence is sligtly darker (bright in some specimens), and the longitudinal line of light-yellow pubescence that extends from the scutellum to elytral apex is more visible. On the other hand, the males have the brightest pubescence on the body, and the longitudinal band on the elytra is evident, and with the transverse pubescent band near half of the elytra less obvious, but always present. The prothorax and apex of the elytra are features nearly identical in the type material of both species. The frons and the shape of the anteclypeus and labrum (Fig. 4A–B) are other diagnostic characters to propose O. virescens as a junior synonym of O. brevicornis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFEBFFC9972F2C74F5118F8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFEBFFCE94F528B8F406882D.text	03D087A5FFEBFFCE94F528B8F406882D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes cinereolus (Bates 1892) Pérez-Flores & Toledo-Hernández 2022	<div><p>Ochraethes cinereolus (Bates, 1892) comb. nov.</p> <p>Trichoxys cinereolus Bates, 1892: 162.</p> <p>Ochraethes octomaculata Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 2001: 51, syn. nov.</p> <p>Trichoxys cinereolus – Aurivillius 1912: 382 (cat.). — Chemsak 1967: 80 (lect.).</p> <p>Trichoxys cinereola – Blackwelder 1946: 580 (cat.).</p> <p>Tanyochraethes cinereola – Chemsak &amp; Linsley 1965: 148. — Chemsak et al. 1992: 70 (cat.). — Chemsak &amp; Noguera 1993: 62 (distr.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.).</p> <p>Tanyochraethes cinereolus – Monné 1993: 25 (cat.); 2005: 112 (cat.); 2021: 157 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 117 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 47 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Gutiérrez 2016: 658 (distr.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 75 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes octomaculata – Monné 2005: 108 (cat.); 2021: 146 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006:46 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Gutiérrez 2016: 658 (distr.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 74 (checklist).</p> <p>Trichoxys cinereolus was originally described by Bates (1892) in the genus Trichoxys, and subsequently transferred to Tanyochraethes by Chemsak &amp; Linsley (1965). On the other hand, O. octomaculata was originally described by Chemsak &amp; Noguera (2001). The characters that support this synonymy are the frons transverse (Fig. 4C–D), the elytral apex oblique-truncate, the mesoventral process moderate elevated; even the pattern of the pubescence on the elytra is the same. This pattern of pubescence on the elytra is similar in Tanyochraethes anthophilus (Chevrolat, 1860), T. clathratus (Chevrolat, 1860), and T. tildeni Chemsak &amp; Linsley, 1965. However, the shape of the frons and vertex is totally different. Accordingly, we consider O. octomaculata as a junior synonym of T. cinereolus. We used characters of the type specimens of both species to stablish the new combination for Ochraethes cinereolus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFEBFFCE94F528B8F406882D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFECFFCE973F2F2BF5438C8C.text	03D087A5FFECFFCE973F2F2BF5438C8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes obliquus (Chevrolat 1860)	<div><p>Ochraethes obliquus (Chevrolat, 1860)</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) obliquus Chevrolat, 1860: 473.</p> <p>Ochresthes zebratus Bates, 1885: 298, syn. nov.</p> <p>Ochraestes obliquus – Thomson 1861: 219.</p> <p>Ochrestes obliquus – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochresthes obliquus – Bates 1880: 51; 1885: 296 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochraethes obliquus – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Linsley 1935: 86 (distr.). — Monné 1993: 19 (cat.); 2005: 107 (cat.); 2021: 146 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Turnbow et al. 2003: 15 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — García-Morales et al. 2014: 100 (distr.). — Noguera &amp; Gutiérrez 2016: 657 (distr.). — Bezark 2019: 405 (distr.); 2021: 73 (checklist). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes zebratus – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 20 (cat.); 2005: 109 (cat.); 2021: 148 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Hovore 2006: 373 (distr.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 74 (checklist);.</p> <p>Ochraethes obliqua – Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.).</p> <p>Ochraethes zebrata – Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 70 (cat.).</p> <p>In the original description, Chevrolat (1860) described Ochraethes obliquus as the large species with one of the most important characters that differentiated it from related species (“... Corselet un peu plus long que large, arrondi, assez largement étranglé à la base, droit aux extrémités [the prothorax extremely constricted at base] …”) and five black pubescent bands. The type specimen has the pubescence paler than other specimens and the last black pubescent band (sixth) is poorly evident (drawing by Bates). Bates (1885) described O. zebratus from Cobán, Guatemala, from only one female specimen. He mentioned seven narrow, slightly diagonal (oblique) bandages (brown or black transversal pubescent bands) on elytra and described the elytral apex as obliquely truncate. However, all speciemens revised and type material only have six evident pubescent bands in the same arrangement as O. obliquus, but narrower. The pubescence in these specimens conforms to the brighter variation of O. obliquus with the southernmost distribution. The frons is another character that is equal in both (sub-quadrate) (Fig. 4E– F). Accordingly, we consider O. zebratus as a junior synonym of O. obliquus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFECFFCE973F2F2BF5438C8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFECFFCF973F2BC1F5EC8E9B.text	03D087A5FFECFFCF973F2BC1F5EC8E9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes sommeri (Chevrolat 1835)	<div><p>Ochraethes sommeri (Chevrolat, 1835)</p> <p>Clytus sommeri Chevrolat, 1835: 4 (53).</p> <p>Clytus tibialis Laporte &amp; Gory, 1836: 71.</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) circuliferus Chevrolat, 1860: 472.</p> <p>Trichoxys giesberti Botero et al. 2019: 2, syn. nov.</p> <p>Clytus sommeri – Laporte &amp; Gory 1836: 72. — White 1855: 273.</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) sommeri – Chevrolat 1860: 474.</p> <p>Ochraesthes sommeri – Thomson 1861: 219.</p> <p>Ochraesthes circuliferus – Thomson 1861: 219; 1864: 185.</p> <p>Ochrestes sommeri – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochresthes sommeri – Bates 1880: 51; 1885: 296 (syn.).</p> <p>Ochresthes circuliferus – Bates 1880: 51 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochraethes sommeri – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Linsley 1935: 86 (distr.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 19 (cat.); 2005: 108 (cat.); 2021: 147 (cat.). — Chemsak &amp; Noguera 1993: 62 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — MacRae et al. 2012: 175 (host). — Ordóñez-Reséndiz &amp; Martínez-Ramos 2017: 828 (distr.). — Heffern et al. 2020: 178. — PérezFlores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 73 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes circulifer Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.).</p> <p>Trichoxys giesberti – Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 75 (checklist). — Monné 2021: 159 (cat.).</p> <p>Chevrolat (1835) described Ochraethes pollinosus and O. sommeri in the genus Clytus, and subsequently Chevrolat (1860) included both within the Ochraethes division. Ochraethes sommeri is one of the species that exhibits pubescence varying from dark to bright, some of them have been described as different species (O. circuliferus and Clytus tibialis). Botero et al. (2019) described Trichoxys giesberti based on two females from Sinaloa, Mexico, which are very similar to some specimens of O. sommeri reviewed by us with the same location (including a female lacking the evident transverse bands of black pubescence on the elytra used in delimitation analyses). The blurred transverse bands of black pubescence is a character present in other species within Ochraethes. The type material of T. giesberti has the frons and scape nearly identical to those in the type specimens of O. sommeri (= O. circuliferus), even the shape of anteclypeus and labrum is similar (Fig. 4G–I). The proportion of metatarsomere I (1.65× as long as II–III together) is other character to propose T. giesberti as junior synonym of O. sommeri.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFECFFCF973F2BC1F5EC8E9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFEDFFCC971229C9F47C88B5.text	03D087A5FFEDFFCC971229C9F47C88B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes viridiventris (Chevrolat 1860)	<div><p>Ochraethes viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860)</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) viridiventris Chevrolat, 1860: 479.</p> <p>Ochresthes nigritus Bates, 1892: 162.</p> <p>Ochresthes clerinus Bates, 1892: 162, syn. nov.</p> <p>Ochrestes viridiventris – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochresthes viridiventris – Bates 1880: 52 (distr.); 1885: 297.</p> <p>Ochresthes nigritus – Chemsak 1967: 77 (lect.).</p> <p>Ochraethes viridiventris – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 70 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 20 (cat.); 2005: 109 (cat.); 2021: 148 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark, 2021: 74 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes nigritus – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 18 (cat.); 2005: 107 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Heffern et al. 2020: 178 (syn.).</p> <p>Ochraethes clerinus – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.); Monné 1993: 18 (cat.); 2005: 107 (cat.); 2021: 144 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — OrdóñezReséndiz &amp; Martínez-Ramos 2017: 828 (distr.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 465 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 74 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes nigrita – Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.).</p> <p>Ochraethes clerina – Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (dist.).</p> <p>Heffern et al. (2020) recently synonymized Ochraethes nigritus and discussed the pubescence colour of the body in both species, which is not informative to separate them. The similar form of their frons, anteclypeus and labrum are other characters which support this proposed synonymy. The pubescence coloration in this species ranges from bright to dark tones, even totally dark.</p> <p>Also, in this work, we propose O. clerinus as a junior synonym of O. viridiventris based on the same situation as O. nigritus. Bates (1892) described O. clerinus and O. nigritus from the same locality in Guerrero; these specimens are very similar and differ only in the coloration of pubescence on body. The holotype of O. clerinus is female, which is very important because females are commonly longer than males, and the holotype of O. viridiventris is a male (the specimen was described as female). The pattern of the black pubescence on the elytra is almost identical, the elytral apex obliquely truncate, anteclypeus and labrum have the same shape in the type material of the two species described by Bates (Fig. 4J–L).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFEDFFCC971229C9F47C88B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
03D087A5FFEEFFCD97382FB4F36A8C82.text	03D087A5FFEEFFCD97382FB4F36A8C82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochraethes z-littera (Chevrolat 1860)	<div><p>Ochraethes z-littera (Chevrolat, 1860)</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) z-littera Chevrolat, 1860: 476.</p> <p>Clytus (Ochroesthes) cristoforii Chevrolat, 1860: 477, syn. nov.</p> <p>Ochresthes litura Bates, 1885: 298.</p> <p>Ochraestes z-littera – Thomson 1861: 219.</p> <p>Ochraesthes cristoforii – Thomson 1861: 219.</p> <p>Ochrestes z-littera – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochrestes cristoforii – Lacordaire 1869: 66.</p> <p>Ochresthes z-littera – Bates 1880: 51 (distr.); 1885: 297 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochresthes cristoforii – Bates 1880: 51; 1885: 297 (distr.).</p> <p>Ochresthes citrinus – Bates 1885: 297 (error).</p> <p>Ochraethes z-littera – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 70 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 21 (cat.); 2005: 109 (cat.); 2021: 148 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006; 46 (cat). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist) — Bezark 2021: 74 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes christofori – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.).</p> <p>Ochraethes litura – Aurivillius 1912: 386 (cat.). — Blackwelder 1946: 581 (cat.). — Chemsak et al. 1992: 69 (cat.). — Monné 1993: 18 (cat.); 2005: 107 (cat.); 2021: 145 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Hovore 2006: 373 (distr.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 73 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes z-litterata – Linsley 1935: 86 (error).</p> <p>Ochresthes litura – Chemsak 1967: 77 (lect.).</p> <p>Ochraethes cristoforii – Monné 1993: 18 (cat.); 2005: 107 (cat.); 2021: 145 (cat.). — Monné &amp; Giesbert 1994: 116 (cat.). — Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (distr.). — Monné &amp; Hovore 2006: 46 (cat.). — Pérez-Flores et al. 2021: 466 (checklist). — Bezark 2021: 73 (checklist).</p> <p>Ochraethes cristofori – Noguera &amp; Chemsak 1996: 401 (cat.).</p> <p>Chevrolat (1860) described two similar species Ochraethes z-littera and O. cristoforii. According to Chevrolat´s description of O. z-littera: “…sa couleur et les taches du corselet le rapprochent encore du Cl. Cristoforii.” (the colour and pattern approaches that of O. cristoforii). Although the coloration in these specimens differ, the transverse Z-shaped band of black pubescence on elytra are almost identical. Bates (1885) described O. litura from Guatemala, based on female specimens. In the original description, Bates mentioned that this species resembles O. tomentosus, but larger and with elytral apex “oblique sinuate-truncatis”. Here we propose O. cristoforii and O. litura as junior synonyms of O. z-littera based on the following characters: frons strongly transverse (Fig. 4M–O), pronotum with a centrobasal sulcus (pubescence pattern on pronotum is the same in all specimens), patch of yellowish pubescence on first third of elytra, transverse Z-shaped bands of black pubescence on anterior third, and elytral apex with apicolateral spine.</p> <p>Species delimitation of Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860</p> <p>The pubescence pattern on the elytra is the most important character for discriminating the species of Ochraethes (Linsley 1964). However, in most species of the genus Ochraethes there is a certain degree of polymorphism, especially in the pubescence (showing tonalities from dark to pale or bright yellow) and integument colour variation (Fig. 3). The delimitation analyses performed in this study allowed the inference of a slight variation in genetic structure within populations of Ochraethes and the high phenotypic plasticity of their species (Fig. 3). However, the specimens with extreme range of variation (dark or bright yellow tonalities) are less common, and this fact may be caused by environmental conditions (Hartl &amp; Clark 1997; Freeland et al. 2011).</p> <p>The revised material distribution allowed to explore the influence of other extrinsic factor: exposure to heat or humidity. The specimens that inhabit dry environments showed a light coloration on the body, and the specimens in temperate and cold environments showed a darker coloration. This fact has already been studied in other insect groups (e.g. ants, damselflies), and it is linked to heat regulation mechanisms or different behaviors depending on the temperature (Bishop et al. 2016; Law et al. 2020; Blow et al. 2021). Also, there may be evolutionary factors related to mimicry strategies, as well as camouflage, i.e., the pubescence matching in colour with the flowers on which the adults feed.</p> <p>Although populations of species of Ochraethes showed a variable coloration of pubescence and integument, they exhibited diagnostic characters throughout their distribution (Table 1). For most of the species analyzed, we included specimens from different localities, and they were delimited as MOTUs with a high degree of variation. Particularly, O. sommeri shows the largest phenotypic plasticity, and two populations commonly considered as O. sommeri were discriminated as independent lineages (representing the two new species). Moreover, the delimitation analyses support synonymies in some species showing morphological similarities and the same distribution.</p> <p>On the other hand, sexual dimorphism is common in Ochraethes, for example in O. sommeri, females do not show dark tones in the pubescence. Some other species (O. nigrescens, O. viridiventris) show a full range of variation in males and females (even in one locality). This is relevant since several species of Ochraethes described in the past were based on single specimens, or used only one sex, and some of them represent only variations of other species. In the descriptions of new species in this group, the type material should at least include specimens of both sexes for a better taxonomic treatment.</p> <p>A complete morphological revision of the genus Ochraethes will allow the differentiation and boundaries of the genus from other genera of the tribe Clytini, and subsequent nomenclatural changes and keys for species placed in the related genera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087A5FFEEFFCD97382FB4F36A8C82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pérez-Flores, Óscar;Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H.	Pérez-Flores, Óscar, Toledo-Hernández, Víctor H. (2022): Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 1-29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1951
