taxonID	type	description	language	source
8A6487A5FFCAA92FFF11F860FC6EF82C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Chthonius johni Redikorzev, 1922, by original designation.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 5	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 28801): China, Yunnan Province, Maguan County, Miechang Township, Laomenzhai Village, cave without name (Unnamed Cave 1), under stones and detritus in deep zone [22 ° 53 ' 31.35 " N, 104 ° 05 ' 49.52 " E], 1508 m a. s. l., 21 April 2021, Zegang Feng leg. Paratypes: 1 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 28802), 2 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 28803 & HBUARA # 2021 - 28804), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ crassus ”, meaning thick, which refers to the character of a thickened chelal hand.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace with a pair of anterior eyespots only; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome obtuse and small, round; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – Ⅴ each with 4 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.21 – 8.50 (♂), 7.50 – 7.87 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 7.00 – 7.14 (♂), 6.40 – 6.46 (♀) times longer than broad; chelal hand strong and thick; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla present.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratype) (Figs 2 D, 3 A, 4 A – D, 5). Colour (Figs 2 D, 3 A, 4 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 4 B, 5 A): carapace 0.90 – 0.93 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; anterior eyes reduced into eyespots, posterior eyes reduced completely; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome obtuse and small, round, with 2 setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, preocular setae absent in one male, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, the second situated exterior to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 4 – 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8 – 9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 5 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 4 C, 5 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.33 – 2.35 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation dorsal side. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 13 – 15 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 5 B). Serrula exterior with 21 – 22 and serrula interior with 14 – 15 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 5 D). Pedipalp (Figs 4 A, 5 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.94 – 2.20, femur 8.21 – 8.50, patella 2.69 – 2.71, chela 7.00 – 7.14, hand 2.73 – 2.82 times longer than broad; femur 2.59 – 2.67 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.53 – 1.57 times longer than hand and 0.61 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 5 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a nearly straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, b situated at same level as est; t situated distal to it (Fig. 5 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 30 – 31 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, slightly distal to dx); movable chelal finger with 15 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 13 – 15 small, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 28 – 30 in total (Fig. 5 F). Fixed chelal finger with sensilla af 1 – 2 close together, near tip; movable chelal finger with 4 sensilla: am 1 – 2 near tip, p 1 slightly distad of sb and very close to chelal teeth, p 2 slightly distad of p 1 (Fig. 5 F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 5 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5 – 6: 4: T 2 T: 0; tergites VII – IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 9 – 11: 10 – 12: 8 – 9: 8 – 10: 8 – 9: 9 – 10: 9 – 11: 7 – 8: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 – 11 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 14 – 16 marginal setae on each side, 40 – 41 in total (Fig. 4 D). Legs (Fig. 5 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella I, IV. Femur of leg I 1.83 – 1.84 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.28 – 2.29 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.26 – 5.30 times longer than deep; tibia 6.60 – 7.44 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.00 – 4.25 times longer than deep (TS = 0.34 – 0.35), telotarsus 14.67 – 17.40 times longer than deep and 2.56 – 2.75 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.34 – 0.36). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 3: 11: 8 – 10: 10 – 11, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2 – 3: 4: 4: 11: 10 – 11. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 2 E, 3 B, 4 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; preocular setae absent in one female; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 5: 6: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 8 – 11: 9 – 11: 9 – 10: 9 – 11: 10: 11: 7 – 8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, posterior margin with 8 – 10 marginal setae, 18 – 20 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.25 times longer than deep (TS = 0.29 – 0.35), telotarsus 15.00 – 16.60 times longer than deep and 2.44 – 2.65 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.31 – 0.36). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.84 – 1.94. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31 – 0.33 / 0.15 – 0.16 (1.94 – 2.20), femur 1.15 – 1.19 / 0.14 (8.21 – 8.50), patella 0.43 – 0.46 / 0.16 – 0.17 (2.69 – 2.71), chela 1.54 – 1.57 / 0.22 (7.00 – 7.14), hand 0.60 – 0.62 / 0.22 (2.73 – 2.82), movable chelal finger length 0.94 – 0.95. Chelicera 0.61 – 0.63 / 0.26 – 0.27 (2.33 – 2.35), movable finger length 0.34 – 0.35. Carapace 0.54 / 0.58 – 0.60 (0.90 – 0.93). Leg I: trochanter 0.18 – 0.21 / 0.11 – 0.13 (1.62 – 1.64), femur 0.66 – 0.68 / 0.07 – 0.08 (8.50 – 9.43), patella 0.36 – 0.37 / 0.06 – 0.07 (5.29 – 6.00), tibia 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.07 (4.43 – 4.57), tarsus 0.71 – 0.73 / 0.06 (11.83 – 12.17). Leg IV: trochanter 0.22 – 0.26 / 0.16 (1.38 – 1.63), femoropatella 0.98 – 1.06 / 0.20 – 0.23 (4.26 – 5.30), tibia 0.66 – 0.67 / 0.09 – 0.10 (6.60 – 7.44), basitarsus 0.32 – 0.34 / 0.08 (4.00 – 4.25), telotarsus 0.87 – 0.88 / 0.05 – 0.06 (14.67 – 17.40). Females: body length 1.95 – 2.01. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.16 – 0.17 (1.82 – 2.20), femur 1.18 – 1.20 / 0.15 – 0.16 (7.50 – 7.87), patella 0.42 – 0.47 / 0.17 – 0.19 (2.47), chela 1.55 – 1.60 / 0.24 – 0.25 (6.40 – 6.46), hand 0.61 – 0.64 / 0.24 – 0.25 (2.44 – 2.67), movable chelal finger length 0.96 – 0.98. Chelicera 0.62 – 0.64 / 0.27 – 0.30 (2.13 – 2.30), movable finger length 0.34 – 0.35. Carapace 0.56 – 0.57 / 0.58 – 0.60 (0.95 – 0.97). Leg I: trochanter 0.20 – 0.21 / 0.12 (1.67 – 1.75), femur 0.69 – 0.71 / 0.07 – 0.08 (8.63 – 10.14), patella 0.35 – 0.37 / 0.07 (5.00 – 5.29), tibia 0.34 / 0.06 – 0.07 (4.86 – 5.67), tarsus 0.72 / 0.05 – 0.06 (12.00 – 14.40). Leg IV: trochanter 0.24 – 0.25 / 0.14 – 0.16 (1.50 – 1.79), femoropatella 0.99 – 1.07 / 0.22 – 0.24 (4.46 – 4.50), tibia 0.65 – 0.69 / 0.10 (6.50 – 6.90), basitarsus 0.34 / 0.08 (4.25), telotarsus 0.83 – 0.90 / 0.05 – 0.06 (15.00 – 16.60).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius crassus sp. nov. can be distinguished from L. bailongtanensis and L. laoxueyanensis, as well as the 10 new troglomorphic Lagynochthonius species described below, by the presence of a pair of eyespots (not corneate eyes) and a pair of thickened chelal hands (e. g. chela 7.00 – 7.14 times longer than broad, hand 2.73 – 2.82 times longer than broad, all in males). The new species is similar to another troglomorphic species from continental Asia: L. fragilis Judson, 2007 (Vietnam), by having a pair of eyespots, the same chaetotaxy of carapace (s 4 s- 4 - 4 - 2 - 2) and the presence of same number of setae on tergites I – V, but differs in having more slender pedipalps (e. g. femur 7.50 – 7.87 times longer than broad vs. 6.3 – 6.6 times in females, chela length 1.55 – 1.60 vs. 1.19 – 1.32 mm in females), the presence of more chelal teeth, and a larger body size (body length 1.95 – 2.01 vs. 1.60 mm in females) (Judson 2007; Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFCBA921FF11FF72FD05FC96.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Unnamed Cave 1 (Figs 1 L, 2 A – C), which is located about 1 km northwest of Laomenzhai Village (Maguan County). This limestone cave has one triangular entrance (about 1.5 meters high and 1 meter wide), approximately 200 meters in length. The interior space is large and extends horizontally. All of the specimens were collected under stones and detritus in the deep zone (temperature around 14 ° C, humidity over 85 %).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	description	Figs 6 – 9	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41701): China, Yunnan Province, Yanjin County, Miaoba Town, Maliu Village, cave without name (Unnamed Cave 2), under the stones in deep zone [27 ° 54 ′ 50.72 ″ N, 104 ° 23 ′ 29.72 ″ E], 594 m a. s. l., 30 September 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 3 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41702 - HBUARA # 2021 - 41704), 9 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41705 - HBUARA # 2021 - 41713), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named for Zegang Feng, who participated in field work and collected some of the specimens.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 7.57 – 7.64 (♂), 7.71 – 8.21 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 7.00 – 7.29 (♂), 6.95 – 7.05 (♀) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth and fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla present.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 6 E, 7 A, 8 A – D, 9). Colour (Figs 6 E, 7 A, 8 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 8 B, 9 A): carapace 1.00 – 1.02 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 12 – 13 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 9 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 8 C, 9 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.33 – 2.43 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 14 – 15 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 12 – 13 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (Fig. 9 B). Serrula exterior with 21 – 23 and serrula interior with 13 – 14 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 9 D). Pedipalp (Figs 8 A, 9 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.69 – 1.73, femur 7.57 – 7.64, patella 2.18 – 2.44, chela 7.00 – 7.29, hand 2.86 – 3.05 times longer than broad; femur 2.74 – 2.86 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.38 – 1.44 times longer than hand and 0.58 – 0.59 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 9 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between b and st; b and t situated subdistally, t situated between est and it and distal to b; est situated distal to b (Fig. 9 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 23 – 25 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 14 – 15 intercalary microdenticles and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, near tip), 38 – 41 in total; movable chelal finger with 17 – 19 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 11 – 12 intercalary microdenticles and 11 – 13 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 41 – 42 in total (Fig. 9 F). Fixed chelal finger with sensilla af 1 – 2 close together, near tip; movable chelal finger with 4 sensilla: am 1 – 2 near tip, p 1 slightly distad of sb and very close to chelal teeth, p 2 proximad of sb (Fig. 9 F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 9 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 2: T 2 T: 0, tergites VIII and IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 13 – 14: 12 – 13: 7 – 8: 7 – 9: 7 – 9: 8 – 9: 7 – 8: 6 – 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 9 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 12 marginal setae on each side, 32 in total (Fig. 8 D). Legs (Fig. 9 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.94 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.37 – 2.39 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.48 – 4.60 times longer than deep; tibia 6.20 – 6.67 times longer than deep; with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.29 – 5.00 times longer than deep (TS = 0.37), telotarsus 14.80 – 15.00 times longer than deep and 2.47 – 2.50 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.42 – 0.44). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 2 – 3: 9 – 11: 9: 12 – 13, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2 – 3: 3: 5 – 6: 8 – 9: 8 – 10. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 6 F, 7 B, 8 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 3 – 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 2: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 12 – 13: 8: 8 – 9: 7 – 8: 8: 7: 6 – 7: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 9 setae, posterior margin with 14 – 15 marginal setae, 23 – 24 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.00 – 4.29 times longer than deep (TS = 0.37 – 0.43), telotarsus 15.20 – 15.40 times longer than deep and 2.57 – 2.71 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.41 – 0.44). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 2.07 – 2.10. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.26 – 0.27 / 0.15 – 0.16 (1.69 – 1.73), femur 1.06 – 1.07 / 0.14 (7.57 – 7.64), patella 0.37 – 0.39 / 0.16 – 0.17 (2.18 – 2.44), chela 1.53 – 1.54 / 0.21 – 0.22 (7.00 – 7.29), hand 0.63 – 0.64 / 0.21 – 0.22 (2.86 – 3.05), movable chelal finger length 0.88 – 0.91. Chelicera 0.56 / 0.23 – 0.24 (2.33 – 2.43), movable finger length 0.30 – 0.31. Carapace 0.53 / 0.52 – 0.53 (1.00 – 1.02). Leg I: trochanter 0.17 – 0.18 / 0.12 – 0.13 (1.31 – 1.50), femur 0.60 – 0.62 / 0.08 (7.50 – 7.75), patella 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.07 (4.43 – 4.57), tibia 0.27 – 0.28 / 0.06 (4.50 – 4.67), tarsus 0.64 – 0.67 / 0.05 – 0.06 (11.17 – 12.80). Leg IV: trochanter 0.23 – 0.24 / 0.14 (1.64 – 1.71), femoropatella 0.92 – 0.94 / 0.20 – 0.21 (4.48 – 4.60), tibia 0.60 – 0.62 / 0.09 – 0.10 (6.20 – 6.67), basitarsus 0.30 / 0.06 – 0.07 (4.29 – 5.00), telotarsus 0.74 – 0.75 / 0.05 (14.80 – 15.00). Females: body length 2.25 – 2.32. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.26 – 0.29 / 0.15 – 0.16 (1.73 – 1.81), femur 1.08 – 1.15 / 0.14 (7.71 – 8.21), patella 0.39 – 0.41 / 0.17 (2.29 – 2.41), chela 1.53 – 1.55 / 0.22 (6.95 – 7.05), hand 0.64 / 0.22 (2.91), movable chelal finger length 0.89 – 0.90. Chelicera 0.57 – 0.61 / 0.25 – 0.27 (2.26 – 2.28), movable finger length 0.31 – 0.32. Carapace 0.56 – 0.58 / 0.55 – 0.60 (0.97 – 1.02). Leg I: trochanter 0.17 – 0.18 / 0.13 (1.31 – 1.38), femur 0.60 – 0.64 / 0.08 (7.50 – 8.00), patella 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.07 (4.43 – 4.57), tibia 0.29 – 0.31 / 0.05 (5.80 – 6.20), tarsus 0.62 – 0.66 / 0.06 (10.33 – 11.00). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.27 / 0.15 (1.67 – 1.80), femoropatella 0.91 – 0.95 / 0.20 – 0.22 (4.32 – 4.55), tibia 0.61 – 0.65 / 0.09 – 0.10 (6.50 – 6.78), basitarsus 0.28 – 0.30 / 0.07 (4.00 – 4.29), telotarsus 0.76 – 0.77 / 0.05 (15.20 – 15.40).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius fengi sp. nov. is similar to L. yaowangguensis sp. nov. in having the intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers and a pointed and triangular epistome, but differs by the shorter chela (e. g. chela length 1.53 – 1.54 vs. 1.84 mm, movable chelal finger length 0.88 – 0.91 vs. 1.15 mm; all in males) and the number of setae on tergites I – IV (2 vs. 4). Lagynochthonius fengi sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of the epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), the pattern of dentation on the chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers vs. without intercalary teeth), and the number of setae on tergites I – IV (2 vs. 3 – 4) Lagynochthonius fengi sp. nov. can be distinguished from L. laoxueyanensis by the presence of intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers, the number of setae on tergites III and IV (2 and 2, respectively vs. 4 and 4, respectively), and a larger body size (body length 2.07 – 2.10 vs. 1.78 mm in males) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC4A924FF11FC44FC9CFB22.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Unnamed Cave 2 (Figs 1 B, 6 A – D), which is located about 0.6 km west of Maliu Village (Yanjin County) near the top of a mountain. This limestone cave has a small and slit-shaped entrance (about 1 m high and 3 m wide) and only a narrow tunnel (approximately 80 m in length) leading to the deepest part of the cave, which is a slightly wider, low-temperature, high-humidity and completely lightless environment (temperature around 11 ° C, humidity over 90 %). All of the specimens were collected under stones in the deepest part of the cave (deep zone).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	description	Figs 10 – 13	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 43201): China, Yunnan Province, Fuyuan County, Huangnihe Town, Longtan Village, Xiao Cave, under stones and clods within 150 – 200 m from the cave entrance [25 ° 9 ′ 54.04 ″ N, 104 ° 42 ′ 1.39 ″ E], 1445 m a. s. l., 9 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 43202 & HBUARA # 2021 - 43203), 4 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 43204 - HBUARA # 2021 - 43207), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from a combination of the Latin word “ magnus ” and “ dentatus ”, meaning large and toothed, respectively, and referring to the large fixed chelal finger teeth.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, with 4 setae (including preocular setae) only, epistome small, rounded and obtuse, without flanking basal setae; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.14 – 8.77 (♂), 7.50 – 7.75 (♀) times longer than broad; chela robust, 6.44 – 6.46 (♂), 5.87 – 6.04 (♀) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth; fixed chelal finger with a row of teeth that are distinctly larger than the teeth on movable chelal finger, pointed and slightly retrorse; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 10 E, 11 A, 12 A – D, 13). Colour (Figs 10 E, 11 A, 12 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 12 B, 13 A): carapace 0.98 – 1.04 times longer than broad, squarish, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome small, rounded and obtuse; with 14 – 16 setae arranged s 2 s: 4: 2 – 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8 – 9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 13 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 12 C, 13 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.44 – 2.46 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 15 – 17 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11 – 12 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 13 B). Serrula exterior with 23 – 24 and serrula interior with 13 – 14 blades. Rallum with 7 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 13 D). Pedipalp (Figs 12 A, 13 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.65 – 1.76, femur 8.14 – 8.77, patella 2.00 – 2.15, chela 6.44 – 6.46, hand 2.44 – 2.54 times longer than broad; femur 2.65 – 3.00 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.57 – 1.62 times longer than hand and 0.61 – 0.62 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 13 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb slightly closer to b than to st; b and t situated subdistally, t situated between it and est and distal to b; est situated distal to b (Fig. 13 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 31 – 32 macrodenticles, pointed and gently retrorse, plus a modified accessory tooth on dorsoantiaxial face (td, near tip), 32 – 33 in total; movable chelal finger with 28 – 29 macrodenticles (markedly smaller than the teeth on fixed chelal finger), pointed and gently retrorse, plus 3 – 4 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 31 – 33 in total (Fig. 13 F). Sensilla absent. Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 13 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 5: 2: T 2 T: 0, tergites IX with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 7 – 8: 11 – 13: 7 – 9: 8 – 9: 8 – 9: 9: 9: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 9 – 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 9 – 11 marginal setae on each side, 29 – 30 in total (Fig. 12 D). Legs (Fig. 13 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.97 – 2.03 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.26 – 2.30 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.29 – 4.81 times longer than deep; tibia 7.20 – 7.78 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.13 – 4.57 times longer than deep (TS = 0.25 – 0.27), telotarsus 13.17 – 13.67 times longer than deep and 2.47 – 2.48 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.29 – 0.32). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 3 – 4: 7 – 9: 7 – 9: 11 – 12, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 6: 10 – 11: 10 – 12. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 10 F, 11 B, 12 E). Mostly same as males; with same chaetotaxy of coxae as males; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 3 – 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 5: 2: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 10: 8 – 9: 7 – 10: 9 – 10: 10: 9 – 10: 7: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 9 – 10 setae, posterior margin with 7 – 8 marginal setae, 17 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.89 – 4.13 times longer than deep (TS = 0.27 – 0.31), telotarsus 14.00 – 14.67 times longer than deep and 2.51 – 2.55 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.32 – 0.38). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.95 – 2.15. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.28 – 0.30 / 0.17 (1.65 – 1.76), femur 1.14 / 0.13 – 0.14 (8.14 – 8.77), patella 0.38 – 0.43 / 0.19 – 0.20 (2.00 – 2.15), chela 1.55 – 1.61 / 0.24 – 0.25 (6.44 – 6.46), hand 0.61 / 0.24 – 0.25 (2.44 – 2.54), movable chelal finger length 0.96 – 0.99. Chelicera 0.61 – 0.64 / 0.25 – 0.26 (2.44 – 2.46), movable finger length 0.34 – 0.35. Carapace 0.52 – 0.57 / 0.53 – 0.55 (0.98 – 1.04). Leg I: trochanter 0.18 – 0.19 / 0.12 – 0.14 (1.36 – 1.50), femur 0.67 – 0.69 / 0.08 (8.38 – 8.63), patella 0.34 / 0.07 – 0.08 (4.25 – 4.86), tibia 0.30 – 0.31 / 0.06 (5.00 – 5.17), tarsus 0.69 – 0.70 / 0.06 (11.50 – 11.67). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.29 / 0.15 – 0.16 (1.67 – 1.81), femoropatella 1.01 – 1.03 / 0.21 – 0.24 (4.29 – 4.81), tibia 0.70 – 0.72 / 0.09 – 0.10 (7.20 – 7.78), basitarsus 0.32 – 0.33 / 0.07 – 0.08 (4.13 – 4.57), telotarsus 0.79 – 0.82 / 0.06 (13.17 – 13.67). Females: body length 1.97 – 2.14. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.33 – 0.34 / 0.18 – 0.19 (1.79 – 1.83), femur 1.20 – 1.24 / 0.16 (7.50 – 7.75), patella 0.38 – 0.44 / 0.19 – 0.20 (2.00 – 2.20), chela 1.69 – 1.76 / 0.28 – 0.30 (5.87 – 6.04), hand 0.66 – 0.68 / 0.28 – 0.30 (2.27 – 2.36), movable chelal finger length 1.03 – 1.07. Chelicera 0.66 – 0.69 / 0.28 – 0.29 (2.28 – 2.46), movable finger length 0.38. Carapace 0.60 – 0.62 / 0.59 – 0.61 (1.02). Leg I: trochanter 0.19 – 0.21 / 0.13 – 0.16 (1.31 – 1.46), femur 0.70 – 0.73 / 0.07 – 0.09 (8.11 – 10.00), patella 0.33 – 0.40 / 0.08 – 0.09 (4.13 – 4.44), tibia 0.30 – 0.32 / 0.06 – 0.07 (4.29 – 5.33), tarsus 0.73 – 0.76 / 0.06 – 0.07 (10.86 – 12.17). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30 – 0.32 / 0.16 – 0.18 (1.78 – 1.88), femoropatella 1.02 – 1.07 / 0.23 – 0.24 (4.43 – 4.46), tibia 0.69 – 0.70 / 0.10 (6.90 – 7.00), basitarsus 0.33 – 0.35 / 0.08 – 0.09 (3.89 – 4.13), telotarsus 0.84 – 0.88 / 0.06 (14.00 – 14.67).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius magnidentatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other described troglomorphic Lagynochthonius species by the presence of only 2 setae on the anterior margin of the carapace (except preocular setae), the presence of anterolateral setae, and the absence of 2 long setae flanking the epistome. Lagynochthonius magnidentatus sp. nov. is most similar to L. xinjiaoensis sp. nov. in having only 2 anterolateral setae on anterior of the carapace (except preocular setae), the same number of setae on tergites I – IV, and a similarlyshaped chelal hand, but differs by the presence of a smaller sized chela (e. g. chela 6.44 – 6.46 times as long as broad vs. 7.03 times, chela length 1.55 – 1.61 vs. 2.04 mm, movable chelal finger length 0.96 – 0.99 vs. 1.30 mm; all in males), epistome shape (rounded and obtuse vs. pointed and triangular), and the position of trichobothrium sb (sb 1.28 – 1.30 times as far from b as from st vs. 1.07 times as far from b as from st). Compared with L. curvidigitatus Mahnert, 1997, the new species has a similarly-shaped chelal hand (especially in dorsal view) and a similar ‘ reinforced’ apodeme at the base of the movable chelal finger, but lacks the strongly curved chelal fingers (Mahnert 1997).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFC1A939FF11FADFFDB7F830.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Xiao Cave (Figs 1 G, 10 A – D), which is located about 0.5 km northwest of Longtan Village (Fuyuan County) near the top of a mountain, surrounded by residential areas and used as a shrine by local people. This limestone cave has one small and upright rectangle entrance (about 1.5 m high and 0.8 m wide) and the total length of the cave is unknown. Human disturbance in the entrance zone is serious, but the deep zone remains pristine. All specimens were collected under stones and clods within 150 – 200 m from the entrance. This space range is completely dark, with an average temperature of around 15 ℃ and humidity approximate to 90 %.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	description	Figs 14 – 18	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 44101): China, Yunnan Province, Xichou County, Xingjie Town, Hexin Village, Yanfen Cave, under the stones in deep zone [23 ° 15 ′ 39.53 ″ N, 104 ° 33 ′ 47.49 ″ E], 1143 m a. s. l., 15 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 3 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 44102 - HBUARA # 2021 - 44104), 6 ♀ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 44105 - HBUARA # 2021 - 44110), all with the same data as the holotype; 3 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 44201 - HBUARA # 2021 - 44203), Hexin Village, Cizhu Cave, under the stones and mud in the deep craters [23 ° 15 ′ 46.72 ″ N, 104 ° 34 ′ 36.21 ″ E], 1150 m a. s. l., with the same collection date and collectors as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ minimus ”, meaning small, which refers to the relative body size of this troglomorphic species.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Small-sized troglomorphic species with slightly elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small and obtuse, rounded; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 4 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 6.67 – 7.00 (♂), 5.90 – 6.10 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 6.07 – 6.33 (♂), 6.14 – 6.54 (♀) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face of fixed chelal finger; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 14 G, 16 A, 17 A – D, 18). Colour (Figs 14 G, 16 A, 17 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 17 B, 18 A): carapace 1.03 – 1.05 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome small, rounded and obtuse; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5 – 6, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta more than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 8 – 9 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 18 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 17 C, 18 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.11 – 2.19 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 10 – 12 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 9 – 12 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (Fig. 18 B). Serrula exterior with 19 – 20 and serrula interior with 12 – 13 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 18 D). Pedipalp (Figs 17 A, 18 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.78 – 1.89, femur 6.67 – 7.00, patella 2.00 – 2.10, chela 6.07 – 6.33, hand 2.43 – 2.58 times longer than broad; femur 2.67 – 3.00 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.47 – 1.48 times longer than hand and 0.59 – 0.61 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 18 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, b situated at same level as est approximately, t distal to b and distal to it (Fig. 18 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle and distal of the row, becoming smaller and closer proximally: fixed chelal finger with 34 – 36 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, without intercalary teeth but with a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, slightly distal to dx), 35 – 37 in total; movable chelal finger with 10 – 11 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 22 – 25 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 33 – 35 in total (Fig. 18 F). Sensilla absent; chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 18 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 4 – 5: 5: 4 – 5: 4: T 2 T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 8 – 9: 9 – 11: 8 – 9: 7 – 9: 8 – 9: 7 – 9: 9 – 10: 8 – 9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 13 marginal setae on each side, 33 – 35 in total (Fig. 17 D). Legs (Fig. 18 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.94 – 2.13 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.12 – 2.38 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 2.56 – 2.63 times longer than deep; tibia 4.50 – 4.71 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.20 – 3.40 times longer than deep (TS = 0.31 – 0.35), telotarsus 13.33 – 14.67 times longer than deep and 2.50 – 2.59 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.34 – 0.35). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 1 – 2: 9 – 10: 5 – 6: 8, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 4 – 5: 9 – 10: 8 – 10. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 15 D, 16 B, 17 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 4 – 5: 4 – 5: 4 – 5: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 8 – 10: 8 – 9: 8 – 9: 7 – 8: 8 – 9: 8 – 9: 7 – 8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 11 – 12 setae, posterior margin with 8 – 9 marginal setae, 20 – 21 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.40 times longer than deep (TS = 0.29 – 0.35), telotarsus 10.50 – 10.75 times longer than deep and 2.47 – 2.53 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.36 – 0.37). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 0.98 – 1.23. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.16 – 0.17 / 0.09 (1.78 – 1.89), femur 0.56 – 0.60 / 0.08 – 0.09 (6.67 – 7.00), patella 0.20 – 0.21 / 0.10 (2.00 – 2.10), chela 0.76 – 0.85 / 0.12 – 0.14 (6.07 – 6.33), hand 0.31 – 0.34 / 0.12 – 0.14 (2.43 – 2.58), movable chelal finger length 0.46 – 0.50. Chelicera 0.35 – 0.38 / 0.16 – 0.18 (2.11 – 2.19), movable finger length 0.18 – 0.20. Carapace 0.36 – 0.39 / 0.35 – 0.37 (1.03 – 1.05). Leg I: trochanter 0.10 – 0.12 / 0.08 – 0.09 (1.25 – 1.33), femur 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.05 – 0.06 (5.33 – 6.20), patella 0.15 – 0.16 / 0.05 (3.00 – 3.20), tibia 0.16 – 0.17 / 0.03 (5.33 – 5.67), tarsus 0.36 – 0.38 / 0.04 (9.00 – 9.50). Leg IV: trochanter 0.14 – 0.16 / 0.10 – 0.11 (1.40 – 1.45), femoropatella 0.46 – 0.50 / 0.18 – 0.19 (2.56 – 2.63), tibia 0.33 – 0.36 / 0.07 – 0.08 (4.50 – 4.71), basitarsus 0.16 – 0.17 / 0.05 (3.20 – 3.40), telotarsus 0.40 – 0.44 / 0.03 (13.33 – 14.67). Females: body length 1.28 – 1.30. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.12 – 0.13 / 0.10 (1.20 – 1.30), femur 0.59 – 0.61 / 0.10 (5.90 – 6.10), patella 0.22 – 0.23 / 0.11 (2.00 – 2.09), chela 0.85 – 0.86 / 0.13 – 0.14 (6.14 – 6.54), hand 0.34 – 0.36 / 0.13 – 0.14 (2.57 – 2.62), movable chelal finger length 0.50 – 0.51. Chelicera 0.38 – 0.40 / 0.18 – 0.19 (2.11), movable finger length 0.20. Carapace 0.38 – 0.40 / 0.40 – 0.41 (0.95 – 0.98). Leg I: trochanter 0.10 / 0.08 – 0.09 (1.11 – 1.25), femur 0.34 / 0.06 (5.67), patella 0.18 – 0.19 / 0.05 (3.60 – 3.80), tibia 0.17 – 0.18 / 0.04 (4.25 – 4.50), tarsus 0.38 – 0.39 / 0.04 (9.50 – 9.75). Leg IV: trochanter 0.14 – 0.15 / 0.09 – 0.11 (1.36 – 1.56), femoropatella 0.50 / 0.18 – 0.17 (2.78 – 2.94), tibia 0.30 – 0.37 / 0.07 – 0.08 (4.29 – 4.63), basitarsus 0.17 / 0.05 (3.40), telotarsus 0.42 – 0.43 / 0.04 (10.50 – 10.75).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov. is similar to L. bailongtanensis in having a small and rounded epistome and the same number of setae on tergites II – IV, but differs by a smaller body size (e. g. body length 0.98 – 1.23 vs. 2.55 – 2.92 mm, chela 6.07 – 6.33 times longer than broad vs. 8.50 – 10.20 times, chela length 0.76 – 0.85 vs. 1.85 – 2.22 mm, carapace length 0.36 – 0.39 vs. 0.66 – 0.72 mm; all in males) and the presence of more chelal teeth. Lagynochthonius minimus sp. nov. differs from L. laoxueyanensis in the shape of the epistome (rounded and obtuse vs. pointed and triangular), the number of setae on tergites I and II (4 and 4, respectively vs. 2 and 2, respectively), and a smaller body size (e. g. body length 0.98 – 1.23 vs. 1.78 mm, chela 6.07 – 6.33 times longer than broad vs. 7.71 times, chela length 0.76 – 0.85 vs. 1.62 mm, carapace length 0.36 – 0.39 vs. 0.59 mm; all in males). Small body size makes this new troglomorphic species unique (e. g. body length 0.98 – 1.23, chela length 0.76 – 0.85). Compared with the small troglomorphic Lagynochthonius species from Jamaica (L. typhlus, body length 1.28 mm), this new species can be distinguished by the different number of setae on tergites I – III (4 vs. 2) and the different pattern of dentation on the chelal fingers (without intercalary teeth vs. with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers) (Muchmore 1991; Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFDBA930FF11FF72FD86FBDA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is known only from the type localities, Yanfen Cave (Figs 1 M, 14 A – F) and Cizhu Cave (Figs 1 N, 15 A – C, E). Yanfen Cave is located about 0.7 km west of Hexin Village (Xichou County). This limestone cave has one semicircular and artificial entrance (about 2 m high and 4 m wide), with an approximately 150 m tunnel leading to the interior of the cave, which is a large and completely dark space, covered with gravel, with temperatures around 18 ° C and humidity approximate 65 %. All of the specimens were collected under stones in the deep zone. Cizhu Cave is located about 0.6 km northeast of Hexin Village (Xichou County) and ca. 1.4 km northeast of Yanfen Cave. The entrance (about 1.4 m high and 0.7 m wide) is blocked by some boulders, leaving only a small gap. A descent access leads to the bottom of the cave, which is completely dark, with constant temperature and humidity (temperature around 17 ° C, humidity around 80 %), and some deep pits formed by the collapse are visible on the ground. All of the specimens were collected under stones and mud in these deep pits. The exit is connected to a water cave, Yanzi Cave (Fig. 15 F, G).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	description	Figs 19 – 22	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 42101): China, Yunnan Province, Daguan County, Tianxing Town, Xingfu Village, Qinglong Cave, under stones within 100 – 150 m from the cave entrance [27 ° 43 ′ 19.21 ″ N, 103 ° 59 ′ 48.86 ″ E], 816 m a. s. l., 3 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 42102 & HBUARA # 2021 - 42103), 4 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 42104 - HBUARA # 2021 - 42107), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ retrorsus ” (= retrorse) and refers to the shape of the movable chelal finger teeth.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small, pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 7.86 – 8.29 (♂), 7.73 – 8.20 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 6.83 – 7.32 (♂), 7.04 – 7.13 (♀) times longer than broad; only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth (rounded and obtuse) and with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; movable chelal finger teeth markedly retrorse and contiguous; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla present.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 19 E, 20 A, 21 A – D, 22). Colour (Figs 19 E, 20 A, 21 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 21 B, 22 A): carapace 1.00 – 1.04 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 3 – 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 3 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 9 – 10 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 22 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 21 C, 22 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.35 – 2.37 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 17 – 19 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 15 – 17 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (Fig. 22 B). Serrula exterior with 22 – 24 and serrula interior with 13 – 14 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 22 D). Pedipalp (Figs 21 A, 22 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.71 – 1.87, femur 7.86 – 8.29, patella 2.35, chela 6.83 – 7.32, hand 2.83 – 2.91 times longer than broad; femur 2.75 – 2.90 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.43 – 1.50 times longer than hand and 0.59 – 0.60 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 22 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated distal to it; est situated distal to b (Fig. 22 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 28 – 30 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 12 – 13 rounded and obtuse intercalary microdenticles, and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, slightly distal to dx), 42 – 43 in total; movable chelal finger with 29 – 30 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), markedly retrorse, pointed and contiguous, plus 6 – 8 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 36 – 37 in total; two tubercles present between first and third teeth (Fig. 22 F). Fixed chelal finger with sensilla af 1 – 2 close together, near tip; movable chelal finger with 4 sensilla: am 1 – 2 near tip, p 2 slightly distad of sb, p 1 distad of p 2 and very close to chelal teeth (Fig. 22 F). Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 22 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4 – 5: 5: 3 – 4: T 2 T: 0, tergites VIII – IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 12 – 14: 11 – 12: 7 – 8: 8: 8: 9: 9: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 13 marginal setae on each side, 34 – 36 in total (Fig. 21 E). Legs (Fig. 22 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of trochanter IV, femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.90 – 2.06 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.24 – 2.32 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.74 – 3.75 times longer than deep; tibia 6.00 – 6.20 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.63 times longer than deep (TS = 0.31 – 0.34), telotarsus 12.50 – 14.00 times longer than deep and 2.41 – 2.59 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.31 – 0.39). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 3 – 4: 10 – 12: 10 – 12: 14 – 16, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2 – 3: 3: 6: 9 – 11: 9 – 11. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 19 F, 20 B, 21 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; with same chaetotaxy of coxae as males; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 11: 7 – 10: 10: 9: 9: 9: 8: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, posterior margin with 11 marginal setae, 22 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.50 – 3.63 times longer than deep (TS = 0.34 – 0.36), telotarsus 12.00 – 13.00 times longer than deep and 2.57 – 2.69 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.36 – 0.38). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.94 – 2.04. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.28 – 0.29 / 0.15 – 0.17 (1.71 – 1.87), femur 1.10 – 1.16 / 0.14 (7.86 – 8.29), patella 0.40 / 0.17 (2.35), chela 1.57 – 1.61 / 0.22 – 0.23 (6.83 – 7.32), hand 0.64 – 0.65 / 0.22 – 0.23 (2.83 – 2.91), movable chelal finger length 0.93 – 0.96. Chelicera 0.61 – 0.64 / 0.26 – 0.27 (2.35 – 2.37), movable finger length 0.33 – 0.34. Carapace 0.57 / 0.55 – 0.57 (1.00 – 1.04). Leg I: trochanter 0.17 – 0.20 / 0.11 – 0.14 (1.43 – 1.55), femur 0.59 – 0.66 / 0.08 (7.38 – 8.25), patella 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.07 (4.43 – 4.57), tibia 0.28 – 0.29 / 0.05 – 0.06 (4.67 – 5.80), tarsus 0.65 / 0.06 (10.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.26 / 0.15 – 0.16 (1.56 – 1.73), femoropatella 0.86 – 0.90 / 0.23 – 0.24 (3.74 – 3.75), tibia 0.60 – 0.62 / 0.10 (6.00 – 6.20), basitarsus 0.29 / 0.08 (3.63), telotarsus 0.70 – 0.75 / 0.05 – 0.06 (12.50 – 14.00). Females: body length 2.04 – 2.12. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.28 / 0.15 – 0.17 (1.65 – 1.87), femur 1.16 – 1.23 / 0.15 (7.73 – 8.20), patella 0.42 / 0.18 – 0.19 (2.21 – 2.33), chela 1.64 – 1.69 / 0.23 – 0.24 (7.04 – 7.13), hand 0.69 / 0.23 – 0.24 (2.88 – 3.00), movable chelal finger length 0.99 – 1.01. Chelicera 0.65 – 0.69 / 0.27 – 0.29 (2.38 – 2.41), movable finger length 0.35 – 0.38. Carapace 0.57 – 0.59 / 0.57 – 0.60 (0.98 – 1.00). Leg I: trochanter 0.19 / 0.12 – 0.14 (1.36 – 1.58), femur 0.66 / 0.09 (7.33), patella 0.29 – 0.32 / 0.07 (4.14 – 4.57), tibia 0.27 – 0.31 / 0.06 (4.50 – 5.17), tarsus 0.61 – 0.69 / 0.06 (10.17 – 11.50). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.27 / 0.14 – 0.17 (1.59 – 1.79), femoropatella 0.87 – 0.92 / 0.22 – 0.24 (3.83 – 3.95), tibia 0.60 – 0.61 / 0.09 – 0.10 (6.10 – 6.67), basitarsus 0.28 – 0.29 / 0.08 (3.50 – 3.63), telotarsus 0.72 – 0.78 / 0.06 (12.00 – 13.00).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Based on the key to the Chinese species of Lagynochthonius below, L. retrorsus sp. nov. is similar to L. spinulentus sp. nov., but differs by a shorter chela (e. g. chela length 1.57 – 1.61 vs. 2.07 – 2.16 mm, movable chelal finger length 0.93 – 0.96 vs. 1.24 – 1.25 mm; all in males), the shape of the chelal fingers (the intercalary teeth round and obtuse vs. small and pointed, teeth of the movable chelal finger retrorse and contiguous vs. pointed and well-spaced), and the number of setae on tergites IV (2 vs. 4). Lagynochthonius retrorsus sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), the dentation of the chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on fixed chelal finger vs. without intercalary teeth), and the number of setae on tergites I – IV (2 vs. 3 – 4). Lagynochthonius retrorsus sp. nov. can be distinguished from L. laoxueyanensis by the presence of intercalary teeth on fixed chelal finger, the number of setae on tergites III and IV (2 and 2 vs. 4 and 4, respectively), and the larger body size (body length 1.94 – 2.04 vs. 1.78 mm in males) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFD5A90BFF11FB88FD0DFA0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is known only from the type locality, Qinglong Cave (Figs 1 A, 19 A – D), which is located about 1.2 km northwest of Xingfu Village (Daguan County). This limestone cave, located at the top of a mountain and surrounded by residential areas, has one small and triangular entrance (about 1 m high and 2 m wide). A winding tunnel (approximately 190 m in length) leads to the deepest part of the cave. All specimens were collected under stones within 100 – 150 m from the entrance. This space range is completely dark, with an average temperature of around 13 ℃ and humidity over 90 %.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	description	Figs 23 – 26	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 18401): China, Yunnan Province, Malipo County, Donggan Town, cave without name (Unnamed Cave 3), under the stones in deep zone [23 ° 18 ′ 2.02 ″ N, 105 ° 11 ′ 45.84 ″ E], 1643 m a. s. l., 23 July 2021, Zegang Feng, Hongru Xu, Liu Fu & Nana Zhan leg. Paratypes: 4 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 18402 - HBUARA # 2021 - 18405), 2 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 18406 & HBUARA # 2021 - 18407), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ serratus ” (= serrate) and refers to the shape of the chelal finger teeth.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin and finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of the carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.64 – 8.93 (♂), 7.88 – 8.19 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 8.38 – 8.84 (♂), 7.46 – 7.54 (♀) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth and fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) on dorsum of chelal hand absent; sensilla absent.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 23 B, 24 A, 25 A – D, 26). Colour (Figs 23 B, 24 A, 25 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 25 B, 26 A): carapace 1.02 times longer than broad, markedly narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular, with 2 setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, the second situated exterior to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 7 – 8 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 26 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 25 C, 26 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.45 – 2.52 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 13 – 15 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 10 – 11 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 26 B). Serrula exterior with 25 – 26 and serrula interior with 14 – 15 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 26 D). Pedipalp (Figs 25 A, 26 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.47 – 1.67, femur 8.64 – 8.93, patella 2.39 – 2.56, chela 8.38 – 8.84, hand 3.38 – 3.58 times longer than broad; femur 2.81 – 3.05 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.46 – 1.48 times longer than hand and 0.59 – 0.60 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 26 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, b situated proximal to est, t situated distal to it (Fig. 26 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 23 – 24 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 21 – 22 intercalary microdenticles and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, near tip), 45 – 47 in total; movable chelal finger with 24 – 25 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 10 – 11 intercalary microdenticles, 34 – 36 in total (Fig. 26 F). Sensilla absent. Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) on dorsum of chelal hand absent (Fig. 26 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2: T 2 T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 10 – 12: 11 – 12: 8: 7 – 8: 8 – 9: 8 – 9: 7 – 8: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 – 11 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 13 marginal setae on each side, 34 – 35 in total (Fig. 25 D). Legs (Fig. 26 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.83 – 1.86 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.50 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.88 – 4.13 times longer than deep; tibia 6.30 – 6.60 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.75 – 4.14 times longer than deep (TS = 0.34 – 0.37), telotarsus 13.00 times longer than deep and 2.60 – 2.69 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.22). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 3 – 4: 11 – 13: 8: 9, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 7 – 9: 10 – 12: 8 – 9. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 24 D, 25 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger on average; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 3 – 4, III 5, IV 5; with same tergal chaetotaxy as males; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 13: 9 – 11: 7 – 8: 7 – 9: 7 – 9: 8: 7: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, posterior margin with 10 – 12 marginal setae, 20 – 22 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.33 – 3.44 times longer than deep (TS = 0.32 – 0.33), telotarsus 11.86 – 12.29 times longer than deep and 2.68 – 2.87 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.23 – 0.24). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.95 – 2.07. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.28 – 0.30 / 0.18 – 0.19 (1.47 – 1.67), femur 1.21 – 1.25 / 0.14 (8.64 – 8.93), patella 0.41 – 0.43 / 0.16 – 0.18 (2.39 – 2.56), chela 1.68 – 1.76 / 0.19 – 0.21 (8.38 – 8.84), hand 0.68 – 0.71 / 0.19 – 0.21 (3.38 – 3.58), movable chelal finger length 0.99 – 1.05. Chelicera 0.68 – 0.71 / 0.27 – 0.29 (2.45 – 2.52), movable finger length 0.36 – 0.37. Carapace 0.56 – 0.60 / 0.55 – 0.59 (1.02). Leg I: trochanter 0.17 – 0.18 / 0.13 – 0.14 (1.29 – 1.31), femur 0.64 – 0.67 / 0.08 – 0.09 (7.11 – 8.38), patella 0.35 – 0.36 / 0.07 (5.00 – 5.14), tibia 0.28 / 0.06 (4.67), tarsus 0.70 / 0.05 – 0.06 (11.67 – 14.00). Leg IV: trochanter 0.23 – 0.24 / 0.16 – 0.17 (1.41 – 1.44), femoropatella 0.95 – 0.97 / 0.23 – 0.25 (3.88 – 4.13), tibia 0.63 – 0.66 / 0.10 (6.30 – 6.60), basitarsus 0.29 – 0.30 / 0.07 – 0.08 (3.75 – 4.14), telotarsus 0.78 / 0.06 (13.00). Females: body length 1.93 – 2.23. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.33 – 0.34 / 0.18 (1.83 – 1.89), femur 1.31 – 1.34 / 0.16 – 0.17 (7.88 – 8.19), patella 0.46 / 0.19 (2.42), chela 1.79 – 1.81 / 0.24 (7.46 – 7.54), hand 0.72 – 0.73 / 0.24 (3.00 – 3.04), movable chelal finger length 1.05 – 1.08. Chelicera 0.76 – 0.77 / 0.33 (2.30 – 2.33), movable finger length 0.41 – 0.42. Carapace 0.61 – 0.68 / 0.63 – 0.65 (0.94 – 1.08). Leg I: trochanter 0.21 – 0.23 / 0.13 – 0.15 (1.53 – 1.62), femur 0.69 / 0.08 – 0.09 (7.67 – 8.63), patella 0.36 – 0.37 / 0.08 – 0.09 (4.00 – 4.63), tibia 0.30 – 0.31 / 0.06 (5.00 – 5.17), tarsus 0.73 – 0.77 / 0.06 (12.17 – 12.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.24 – 0.25 / 0.16 – 0.17 (1.41 – 1.56), femoropatella 0.95 – 1.02 / 0.23 – 0.25 (4.08 – 4.13), tibia 0.63 – 0.67 / 0.10 – 0.11 (5.73 – 6.70), basitarsus 0.30 – 0.31 / 0.09 (3.33 – 3.44), telotarsus 0.83 – 0.86 / 0.07 (11.86 – 12.29).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius serratus sp. nov. is similar to L. xiaolinensis in having intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers and and equal number of setae on tergites I – III, but differs by having a thinner chela (e. g. chela 8.38 – 8.84 times longer than broad vs. 7.00 times, hand 3.38 – 3.58 times longer than broad vs. 2.92 times; all in males), a smaller body (body length 1.95 – 2.07 vs. 2.18 mm in males), and the different positions of trichobothria t and it (t situated distal to it vs. basal to it). Lagynochthonius serratus sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of the epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), the dentation of chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers vs. without intercalary teeth), and the number of setae on tergites I – IV (2 vs. 3 – 4). Lagynochthonius serratus sp. nov. differs from L. laoxueyanensis by the presence of intercalary teeth on the chelal fingers, the number of setae on tergites III and IV (2 and 2, respectively vs. 4 and 4, respectively), and more slender chela (8.38 – 8.84 times longer than broad vs. 7.71 times in males) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEEA90EFF11F9F8FA77FB22.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Unnamed Cave 3 (Figs 1 J, 23 A), which is located about 7 km southeast of Donggan Town (Malipo County). This limestone cave has one steep downward semicircular entrance (about 2 m high and 4 m wide), approximately 200 meters in length, and extends horizontally. The location is far from agricultural fields and residential areas, and the cave interior remains pristine. All of the specimens were collected under stones in the deep zone (temperature around 14 ° C, humidity over 85 %).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	description	Figs 27 – 30	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41301): China, Yunnan Province, Zhenxiong County, Zhongtun Town, Qixin Village, Yingshan Cave, under stones within 20 – 200 m from the cave entrance [27 ° 21 ′ 38.42 ″ N, 104 ° 49 ′ 16.72 ″ E], 1709 m a. s. l., 28 September 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41302 & HBUARA # 2021 - 41303), 2 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41304 & HBUARA # 2021 - 41305), all with the same data as the holotype.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word “ spinulentus ”, meaning spinous, which refers to the characters of more coxal spines.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – III each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.39 – 8.81 (♂), 7.40 – 7.74 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 8.00 – 8.28 (♂), 7.34 – 8.42 (♀) times longer than broad; only fixed chelal finger with intercalary teeth and a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla present.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	description	Description. Males (holotype and paratypes) (Figs 27 B, 28 A, 29 A – D, 30). Colour (Figs 27 B, 28 A, 29 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 29 B, 30 A): carapace 0.96 – 1.03 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular, with 2 setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, the second situated exterior to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 13 – 14 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique and arc row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 30 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 29 C, 30 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.44 – 2.47 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 21 – 23 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 14 – 15 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (Fig. 30 B). Serrula exterior with 24 – 25 and serrula interior with 14 – 15 blades. Rallum with 7 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 30 D). Pedipalp (Figs 29 A, 30 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.70 – 1.94, femur 8.39 – 8.81, patella 2.57 – 2.84, chela 8.00 – 8.28, hand 3.08 – 3.19 times longer than broad; femur 2.61 – 2.80 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.45 – 1.61 times longer than hand and 0.58 – 0.60 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 2 distal lyrifissures present on patella (Fig. 30 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated at same level as est and distal to b (Fig. 30 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 30 – 32 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 12 – 13 intercalary microdenticles and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, slightly distal to dx), 43 – 46 in total; movable chelal finger with 28 – 30 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, without intercalary teeth but with a tubercle between fifth and sixth teeth (Fig. 30 F). Fixed chelal finger with sensilla af 1 – 2 close together, near tip; movable chelal finger with 4 sensilla: am 1 – 2 near tip, p 1 slightly proximad of sb and very close to chelal teeth, p 2 distad of sb (Fig. 30 F). Chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 30 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0, tergites VII – IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 13 – 15: 11 – 12: 8 – 9: 8: 9: 9: 9: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 13 marginal setae on each side, 33 – 35 in total (Fig. 29 D). Legs (Fig. 30 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of trochanter IV, femur I, IV and patella I, IV. Femur of leg I 1.90 – 1.98 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.18 – 2.21 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.11 – 4.17 times longer than deep; tibia 6.92 – 8.10 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.89 – 4.13 times longer than deep (TS = 0.27 – 0.29), telotarsus 15.17 – 16.33 times longer than deep and 2.76 – 2.80 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.25 – 0.29). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 2 – 3: 12 – 14: 10 – 11: 14 – 17, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2 – 3: 3: 4 – 5: 10 – 13: 7 – 8. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 28 B, 29 E). Mostly same as males, but a little larger; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5 – 6, IV 5; with same tergal chaetotaxy as males; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 10 – 12: 8: 8 – 9: 8 – 10: 9: 9: 7: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, posterior margin with 10 – 13 marginal setae, 20 – 23 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.40 – 3.89 times longer than deep (TS = 0.26), telotarsus 13.43 times longer than deep and 2.69 – 2.76 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.28 – 0.33). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Males: body length 1.98 – 2.05. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.33 – 0.34 / 0.17 – 0.20 (1.70 – 1.94), femur 1.41 – 1.51 / 0.16 – 0.18 (8.39 – 8.81), patella 0.54 / 0.19 – 0.21 (2.57 – 2.84), chela 2.07 – 2.16 / 0.25 – 0.27 (8.00 – 8.28), hand 0.77 – 0.86 / 0.25 – 0.27 (3.08 – 3.19), movable chelal finger length 1.24 – 1.25. Chelicera 0.79 – 0.83 / 0.32 – 0.34 (2.44 – 2.47), movable finger length 0.42 – 0.43. Carapace 0.65 – 0.70 / 0.68 (0.96 – 1.03). Leg I: trochanter 0.21 – 0.25 / 0.16 – 0.17 (1.31 – 1.47), femur 0.80 – 0.83 / 0.09 – 0.10 (8.30 – 8.89), patella 0.42 / 0.08 – 0.09 (4.67 – 5.25), tibia 0.38 – 0.39 / 0.07 (5.43 – 5.57), tarsus 0.83 – 0.86 / 0.06 – 0.07 (12.29 – 13.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.27 / 0.18 (1.39 – 1.50), femoropatella 1.15 – 1.21 / 0.28 – 0.29 (4.11 – 4.17), tibia 0.81 – 0.83 / 0.10 – 0.12 (6.92 – 8.10), basitarsus 0.33 – 0.35 / 0.08 – 0.09 (3.89 – 4.13), telotarsus 0.91 – 0.98 / 0.06 (15.17 – 16.33). Females: body length 2.33 – 2.75. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.39 – 0.40 / 0.20 – 0.21 (1.90 – 1.95), femur 1.47 – 1.48 / 0.19 – 0.20 (7.40 – 7.74), patella 0.55 – 0.56 / 0.21 – 0.23 (2.39 – 2.67), chela 2.06 – 2.19 / 0.26 – 0.28 (7.34 – 8.42), hand 0.83 – 0.88 / 0.26 – 0.28 (2.96 – 3.38), movable chelal finger length 1.20 – 1.26. Chelicera 0.87 – 0.88 / 0.35 – 0.36 (2.42 – 2.51), movable finger length 0.46 – 0.48. Carapace 0.71 – 0.72 / 0.73 – 0.74 (0.96 – 0.99). Leg I: trochanter 0.22 – 0.23 / 0.14 – 0.15 (1.47 – 1.64), femur 0.72 – 0.77 / 0.09 – 0.10 (7.70 – 8.00), patella 0.41 – 0.42 / 0.08 (5.13 – 5.25), tibia 0.38 – 0.40 / 0.08 (4.75 – 5.00), tarsus 0.83 – 0.89 / 0.06 (13.83 – 14.83). Leg IV: trochanter 0.31 – 0.32 / 0.19 – 0.20 (1.60 – 1.63), femoropatella 1.16 – 1.20 / 0.27 (4.30 – 4.44), tibia 0.79 / 0.10 – 0.11 (7.18 – 7.90), basitarsus 0.34 – 0.35 / 0.09 – 0.10 (3.40 – 3.89), telotarsus 0.94 / 0.07 (13.43).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius spinulentus sp. nov. is similar to L. retrorsus sp. nov. in having intercalary teeth on the fixed chelal finger and a pointed, triangular epistome. It differs by the longer chela (e. g. chela length 2.07 – 2.16 vs. 1.57 – 1.61 mm, movable chelal finger length 1.24 – 1.25 vs. 0.93 – 0.96 mm; all in males), the dentation of the chelal fingers (the intercalary teeth small and pointed vs. round and obtuse, the teeth on movable chelal finger pointed and well-spaced vs. retrorse and contiguous) and the number of setae on tergites IV (4 vs. 2). Lagynochthonius spinulentus sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), the pattern of dentation on the chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on fixed chelal finger vs. without intercalary teeth), and the number of setae on tergites I – III (2 vs. 3 – 4). Lagynochthonius spinulentus sp. nov. differs from L. laoxueyanensis by the presence of intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers, the number of setae on tergites III (2 vs. 4), and a larger body (e. g. body length 1.98 – 2.05 vs. 1.78 mm, chela length 2.07 – 2.16 vs. 1.62 mm; all in males) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFEBA901FF11FAD0FD8AFBFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Yingshan Cave (Figs 1 E, 27 A), which is located about 2 km northwest of Qixin Village (Zhenxiong County) and near the top of a mountain. This limestone cave has one small and square entrance (about 1 m high and 1 m wide), but a huge and downward sloping interior space. The ground is covered with silt. About 300 m of the cave have beenexplored but the total length of the cave is unknown. All of the specimens were collected under stones within 20 to 200 m from the cave entrance. The cool, high-humidity and dark interior environment (temperature around 14 ° C on average, humidity over 90 %) is suitable for the survival of the species.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	description	Figs 31 – 34	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 41401): China, Yunnan Province, Zhenxiong County, Linkou Township, Xiaolin Village, Dayan Cave, under a stone in twilight zone [27 ° 34 ′ 6.40 ″ N, 105 ° 4 ′ 49.40 ″ E], 1907 m a. s. l., 29 September 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the village of Xiaolin, near the type locality.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome pointed and small, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – III each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.07 times longer than broad; chela 7.00 times longer than broad; both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth and fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla present.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype), female unknown (Figs 31 D, 32 – 34). Colour (Figs 31 D, 32, 33): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 33 B, 34 A): carapace 0.94 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular, with 2 setae flanking base; with 17 setae arranged s 4 s: 3: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 3 – 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 9 – 11 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 34 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 33 C, 34 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.31 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 10 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 16 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 34 B). Serrula exterior with 22 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 34 D). Pedipalp (Figs 33 A, 34 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.72, femur 8.07, patella 2.05, chela 7.00, hand 2.92 times longer than broad; femur 3.10 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.41 times longer than hand and 0.59 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 34 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated between est and it and distal to b; est situated distal to b (Fig. 34 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 27 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 17 intercalary microdenticles and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, very close to dx), 45 in total; movable chelal finger with 18 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 14 intercalary microdenticles and 6 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 38 in total (Fig. 34 F). Fixed chelal finger with sensilla af 1 – 2 close together, near tip; movable chelal finger with 4 sensilla: am 1 – 2 near tip, p 2 slightly proximad of sb, p 1 distad of p 2 and very close to chelal teeth (Fig. 34 F). Chelal fingers straight in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 34 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 3: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2: T 2 T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 13: 12: 8: 7: 7: 7: 8: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 10 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 12 marginal setae on each side, 33 in total (Fig. 33 D). Legs (Fig. 34 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella I, IV. Femur of leg I 1.81 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.35 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 3.96 times longer than deep; tibia 6.70 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.44 times longer than deep (TS = 0.26), telotarsus 13.17 times longer than deep and 2.55 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.23). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 4: 3: 16: 10: 15, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 1: 3: 6: 11: 9. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male: body length 2.18. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31 / 0.18 (1.72), femur 1.21 / 0.15 (8.07), patella 0.39 / 0.19 (2.05), chela 1.75 / 0.25 (7.00), hand 0.73 / 0.25 (2.92), movable chelal finger length 1.03. Chelicera 0.67 / 0.29 (2.31), movable finger length 0.35. Carapace 0.59 / 0.63 (0.94). Leg I: trochanter 0.18 / 0.15 (1.20), femur 0.67 / 0.09 (7.44), patella 0.37 / 0.07 (5.29), tibia 0.31 / 0.06 (5.17), tarsus 0.73 / 0.06 (12.17). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 / 0.16 (1.56), femoropatella 0.91 / 0.23 (3.96), tibia 0.67 / 0.10 (6.70), basitarsus 0.31 / 0.09 (3.44), telotarsus 0.79 / 0.06 (13.17).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Female unknown. Lagynochthonius xiaolinensis sp. nov. is similar to L. serratus sp. nov. in having intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers and an equal number of setae on tergites I – III, but differs by the presence of more robust chela (e. g. chela 7.00 times longer than broad vs. 8.38 – 8.84 times, hand 2.92 times longer than broad vs. 3.38 – 3.58 times; all in males), a larger body size (body length 2.18 vs. 1.95 – 2.07 mm in males), and the different positions of trichobothria t and it (t situated basal to it vs. distal to it). Lagynochthonius xiaolinensis sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of the epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), the dentation on both chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers vs. without intercalary teeth), and the number of setae on tergites I – III (2 vs. 3 – 4). Lagynochthonius xiaolinensis sp. nov. differs from L. laoxueyanensis by the presence of intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers, the number of setae on tergite III (2 vs. 4) and a larger body (body length 2.18 vs. 1.78 mm in the male) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE4A906FF11FB6CFDD6F885.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Dayan Cave (Figs 1 C, 31 A – C), which is located about 2 km northeast of Xiaolin Village (Zhenxiong County). This limestone cave is located at the foot of a mountain and has one large and rectangle entrance (about 80 m high and 140 m wide), approximately 600 m in length, and extends horizontally. The interior space of the cave is very large and covered with gravel. The specimen was found under a stone about 300 m from the entrance (twilight zone), at low temperature and high humidity (15 ° C, humidity over 85 %).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	description	Figs 35 – 37	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♀ (Ps. - MHBU-YNC 190810 - 0201): China, Yunnan Province, Zhenxiong County, Chishuiyuan Town, Xibai Village, Hama Cave, under a stone in deep zone [27 ° 28 ′ 59.93 ″ N, 104 ° 51 ′ 20.08 ″ E], 1792 m a. s. l., 10 August 2019, Zegang Feng, Chen Zhang leg.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the village of Xibai, near the type locality.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small, pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – II each with 4 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 9.47 times longer than broad; chela 7.38 times longer than broad; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth but fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; movable chelal finger teeth are distinctly more closely aligned than those of the fixed chelal finger; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent on both chelal fingers.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype), male unknown. Colour (Figs 35, 36): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 36 B, 37 A): carapace 0.97 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular, with 2 setae flanking base; with 18 setae arranged s 4 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to the setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 12 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 37 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 36 C, 37 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.60 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 16 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 17 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 37 B). Serrula exterior with 24 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum with 7 blades, the distal two longer and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 37 D). Pedipalp (Figs 36 A, 37 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.71, femur 9.47, patella 2.32, chela 7.38, hand 3.19 times longer than broad; femur 2.78 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.24 times longer than hand and 0.54 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 2 distal lyrifissures present on patella (Fig. 37 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb closer to st than to b; b and t situated subdistally, t situated at same level as it, est distal to b (Fig. 37 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally, movable chelal finger teeth more closely aligned markedly: fixed chelal finger with 30 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, without intercalary teeth but with a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, near tip) and three tubercles between second and fourth teeth; movable chelal finger with 37 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 5 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 42 in total (Fig. 37 F). Sensilla absent; chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 37 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 3: 3: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: T 2 T: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 11: 11: 10: 9: 9: 9: 8: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 9 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 12 marginal setae on each side, 21 in total (Fig. 36 D). Legs (Fig. 37 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.90 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.29 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 5.89 times longer than deep; tibia 5.82 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 3.88 times longer than deep (TS = 0.29), telotarsus 13.83 times longer than deep and 2.68 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.31). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 4: 14: 9: 13, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 6: 9: 10. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Female: body length 2.15. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.29 / 0.17 (1.71), femur 1.42 / 0.15 (9.47), patella 0.51 / 0.22 (2.32), chela 1.92 / 0.26 (7.38), hand 0.83 / 0.26 (3.19), movable chelal finger length 1.03. Chelicera 0.78 / 0.30 (2.60), movable finger length 0.40. Carapace 0.65 / 0.67 (0.97). Leg I: trochanter 0.21 / 0.14 (1.50), femur 0.80 / 0.07 (11.43), patella 0.42 / 0.07 (6.00), tibia 0.34 / 0.07 (4.86), tarsus 0.78 / 0.06 (13.00). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30 / 0.16 (1.88), femoropatella 1.12 / 0.19 (5.89), tibia 0.64 / 0.11 (5.82), basitarsus 0.31 / 0.08 (3.88), telotarsus 0.83 / 0.06 (13.83).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Male unknown. Lagynochthonius xibaiensis sp. nov. is similar to L. laoxueyanensis, but differs by the number of setae on tergites I – II (4 and 4, respectively vs. 2 and 2, respectively), and more slender pedipalps (e. g. chela length 1.65 – 1.66 vs. 1.92 mm, femur 9.47 times longer than broad vs. 7.8 – 8.36 times; all in females). Lagynochthonius xibaiensis sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), a smaller body (2.15 vs. 2.72 – 2.95 mm in females), and the higher number of teeth on both chelal fingers (31 vs. 19 – 23 on fixed chelal finger; 42 vs. 13 – 17 on movable chelal finger) (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFE1A919FF11FF72FE40FBDA.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Hama Cave (Fig. 1 D; Zhang et al. 2020), which is located about 3 km southeast of Xibai Village (Zhenxiong County). This limestone cave has one oval entrance surrounded by weeds. The interior of the cave is large and extends horizontally. Water stains are visible on the ground and walls. Temperature and humidity level is missing. The specimen was collected from under a stone in the deep zone.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	description	Figs 38 – 41	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 43001): China, Yunnan Province, Fuyuan County, Laochang Town, Xinjiao Village, Yueliang Cave, under a stone in deep zone [25 ° 12 ′ 47.73 ″ N, 104 ° 29 ′ 3.26 ″ E], 2017 m a. s. l., 8 October 2021, Zegang Feng, Yanmeng Hou, Lu Zhang & Liu Fu leg.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the village of Xinjiao, near the type locality.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, with 4 setae (including preocular setae) only, epistome pointed, small and triangular, without flanking basal setae; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – IV each with 2 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 8.59 times longer than broad; chela robust, 7.03 times longer than broad; both chelal fingers without intercalary teeth; fixed chelal finger with a row of teeth that are distinctly larger than the teeth on the movable chelal finger, pointed and slightly retrorse and without a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype), female unknown (Figs 38 E, 39 – 41). Colour (Figs 38 E, 39, 40): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 40 B, 41 A): carapace 0.98 times longer than broad, squarish, gently narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome pointed and small, triangular; with 16 setae arranged s 2 s: 4: 4: 2: 2, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 2, II 4, III 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 10 – 11 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 41 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 40 C, 41 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.45 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 22 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 16 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea represented by a very slight bump on movable finger (Fig. 41 B). Serrula exterior with 27 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum with 8 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 41 D). Pedipalp (Figs 40 A, 41 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.90, femur 8.59, patella 2.22, chela 7.03, hand 2.62 times longer than broad; femur 2.86 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.71 times longer than hand and 0.64 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 41 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger and hand. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb slightly closer to b than to st; b and t situated subdistally, b situated at same level as est; t distal to it (Fig. 41 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, homodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 35 macrodenticles, pointed and gently retrorse, without a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; movable chelal finger with 28 macrodenticles (markedly smaller than the teeth on fixed chelal finger), pointed and gently retrorse, plus 4 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth, 33 in total (Fig. 5 F). Sensilla absent. Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 41 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 2: T 2 T: 0, tergites IX with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 7: 10: 10: 9: 9: 9: 9: 7: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 12 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 11 – 12 marginal setae on each side, 35 in total (Fig. 40 D). Legs (Fig. 41 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella IV. Femur of leg I 1.89 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.69 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 4.85 times longer than deep; tibia 7.17 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.10 times longer than deep (TS = 0.24), telotarsus 15.14 times longer than deep and 2.59 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.33). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 4: 12: 11: 11, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 6: 11: 13. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male: body length 2.15. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.40 / 0.21 (1.90), femur 1.46 / 0.17 (8.59), patella 0.51 / 0.23 (2.22), chela 2.04 / 0.29 (7.03), hand 0.76 / 0.29 (2.62), movable chelal finger length 1.30. Chelicera 0.76 / 0.31 (2.45), movable finger length 0.41. Carapace 0.65 / 0.66 (0.98). Leg I: trochanter 0.24 / 0.16 (1.50), femur 0.85 / 0.10 (8.50), patella 0.45 / 0.09 (5.00), tibia 0.35 / 0.06 (5.83), tarsus 0.94 / 0.07 (13.43). Leg IV: trochanter 0.33 / 0.18 (1.83), femoropatella 1.26 / 0.26 (4.85), tibia 0.86 / 0.12 (7.17), basitarsus 0.41 / 0.10 (4.10), telotarsus 1.06 / 0.07 (15.14).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Female unknown. Lagynochthonius xinjiaoensis sp. nov. is most similar to L. magnidentatus sp. nov. in having only 2 anterolateral setae on the carapace (except preocular setae), an equal number of setae on tergites I – IV, and a similarly-shaped chelal hand, but differs by the presence of a larger chela (e. g. chela 7.03 times as long as broad vs. 6.44 – 6.46 times, chela length 2.04 vs. 1.55 – 1.61 mm, movable chelal finger length 1.30 vs. 0.96 – 0.99 mm; all in males), a different epistome shape (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), and the position of trichobothrium sb (sb 1.07 times as far from b as from st vs. 1.28 – 1.30 times as far from b as from st). The discovery of two new species (L. magnidentatus sp. nov. and L. xinjiaoensis sp. nov.) that lack the anteriormedian setae on the carapace is significant. Indeed, there is no other chthoniid that lacks these two setae. Unfortunately, apart from this character, we failed to find any other evidence not belonging to the genus Lagynochthonius, therefore, it is inappropriate to name a new genus.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFFCA91CFF11FBB7FE63FE42.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is known only from the type locality, Yueliang Cave (Figs 1 F, 38 A – D), which is located near the top of a mountain and is about 0.5 km north of Xinjiao Village (Fuyuan County). This limestone cave has one small and oval entrance (about 1 m high and 2 m wide) and another large circular entrance directly above the cave. The total length of the cave is unknown. There is a certain vertical drop in the cave, which requires a 7 - 8 m descent to a deep pit and a 10 m ascent along a tunnel to reach the depth of the cave. The specimen was collected under a stone adjacent to a stalactite in the deep zone (temperature around 14 ° C, humidity is approximate 90 %).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	description	Figs 42 – 45	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 27901): China, Yunnan Province, Malipo County, Tianbao Town, Laoshanyaowanggu, cave without name (Unnamed Cave 4), under stones and detritus in deep zone [23 ° 00 ' 38.10 " N, 104 ° 49 ' 17.57 " E], 1221 m a. s. l., 19 April 2021, Zegang Feng leg. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (Ps. - MHBU-HBUARA # 2021 - 27902), the same data as the holotype; 1 ♀ (Ps. - MSWU-HBUARA # 2021 - 18001), the same location as the holotype, 22 July 2021, Zegang Feng, Hongru Xu, Liu Fu & Nana Zhan leg.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the valley of Laoshanyaowanggu, near the type locality.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (♂ ♀). Moderately sized troglomorphic species with elongated appendages; carapace without eyes or eyespots; anterior margin of carapace thin, finely denticulated, epistome small, pointed, triangular; posterior margin of carapace with 2 setae; tergites I – VII each with 4 setae. Pedipalps slender, femur 10.46 (♂), 10.07 – 10.38 (♀) times longer than broad; chela 8.76 (♂), 8.30 – 8.32 (♀) times longer than broad; both chelal fingers with intercalary teeth and fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (td) on dorso-antiaxial face; chemosensory setae (sc) present on dorsum of chelal hand; sensilla absent.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype), female unknown (Figs 42 F, 43 A, 44 A – D, 45). Colour (Figs 42 F, 43 A, 44 A – D): generally pale yellow, chelicerae, pedipalps and tergites slightly darker, soft parts pale. Cephalothorax (Figs 44 B, 45 A): carapace 0.93 times longer than broad, markedly narrowed posteriorly; surface smooth, without furrows; no traces of eyes; anterior margin slightly serrate; epistome very pointed and small, triangular, with 2 setae flanking base; with 16 setae arranged 4: 4: 4: 2: 2, preocular setae missing, most setae heavy, long and gently curved, anterolateral setae much shorter than others; with two pairs of lyrifissures, first pair situated middle to setae of ocular row, second pair situated lateral to the sole pair of setae of posterior row. Chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 3 – 4, III 4 – 5, IV 5; manducatory process with two acuminate distal setae, anterior seta less than 1 / 2 length of medial seta; apex of coxa I with small, rounded anteromedial process; coxae II with 9 – 11 terminally indented coxal spines on each side, set as an oblique row, longer spines present in the middle of the row, becoming shorter distally and proximally and incised for about half their length (Fig. 45 C); intercoxal tubercle absent; without sub-oral seta. Chelicera (Figs 44 C, 45 B): large, about as long as carapace, 2.39 times longer than broad; 5 setae and 2 lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand, all setae acuminate, ventrobasal seta shorter than others; movable finger with one medial seta. Cheliceral palm with moderate hispid granulation on both ventral and dorsal sides. Both fingers well provided with teeth, fixed finger with 12 teeth, distal one largest; movable finger with 11 retrorse contiguous small teeth; galea completely vestigial (Fig. 45 B). Serrula exterior with 25 and serrula interior with 14 blades. Rallum with 7 blades, the distal one longest and recumbent basally, with fine barbules and slightly set apart from the other blades, latter tightly grouped and with long pinnae, some of which are subdivided (Fig. 45 D). Pedipalp (Figs 44 A, 45 E – G): long and slender, trochanter 1.81, femur 10.46, patella 2.82, chela 8.76, hand 3.33 times longer than broad; femur 2.83 times longer than patella; movable chelal finger 1.64 times longer than hand and 0.63 times longer than chela. Setae generally long and acuminate; 1 distal lyrifissure present on patella (Fig. 45 E). Chelal palm gradually constricted towards fingers, apodeme complex of movable chelal finger sclerotized, with weak granulation dorsally at base of fixed chelal finger. Fixed chelal finger and hand with 8 trichobothria, movable chelal finger with 4 trichobothria, ib and isb situated close together, submedially on dorsum of chelal hand; eb, esb and ist forming a straight oblique row at base of fixed chelal finger; it slightly distal to est, situated subdistally; et slightly near to tip of fixed chelal finger, very close to chelal teeth; dx situated distal to et; sb situated midway between b and st; b and t situated subdistally, b situated at same level as est; t situated distal to it (Fig. 45 F). A tiny antiaxial lyrifissure present at base of fixed chelal finger (situated distal to ist). Both chelal fingers with a row of teeth, heterodentate, spaced regularly along the margin, larger and well-spaced teeth present in the middle of the row, becoming smaller and closer distally and proximally: fixed chelal finger with 34 macrodenticles, slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 21 intercalary microdenticles and a modified accessory tooth on dorso-antiaxial face (td, slightly distal to dx), 56 in total; movable chelal finger with 23 macrodenticles (slightly smaller than teeth on fixed chelal finger), slightly retrorse and pointed, plus 15 intercalary microdenticles and 8 vestigial, rounded and contiguous basal teeth (Fig. 45 F), 46 in total. Sensilla absent. Chelal fingers slightly curved in dorsal view; microsetae (chemosensory setae) present on dorsum of chelal hand (Fig. 45 G). Opisthosoma: generally typical, pleural membrane finely granulated. Tergites and sternites undivided; setae uniseriate and acuminate. Tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0; tergites VIII and IX each with an unpaired median seta. Sternal chaetotaxy III – XII: 11: 9: 8: 8: 7: 8: 7: 9: 0: 2. Anterior genital operculum with 9 setae, genital opening slit-like, with 14 – 15 marginal setae on each side, 38 in total (Fig. 44 D). Legs (Fig. 45 H, I): generally typical, long and slender. Fine granulation present on anterodorsal faces of femur I, IV and patella I, IV. Femur of leg I 2.05 times longer than patella and with 1 lyrifissure at the base of femur; tarsus 2.34 times longer than tibia. Femoropatella of leg IV 5.09 times longer than deep; tibia 7.40 times longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.00 times longer than deep (TS = 0.22), telotarsus 15.17 times longer than deep and 2.84 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.24). Setae of leg I (trochanter to tibia) 3: 11: 11: 15, setae of leg IV (trochanter to basitarsus) 2: 3: 6: 9: 11. Arolium slightly shorter than the claws, not divided; claws simple. Adult females (paratypes) (Figs 42 G, 43 B, 44 E). Mostly same as male, but a little larger; carapace 0.95 – 0.98 times longer than broad, gently narrowed posteriorly, one female has a pair of preocular microsetae; chaetotaxy of coxae: P 3, I 3, II 4, III 5, IV 5; tergal chaetotaxy I – XII: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 4: T 2 T: 0; sternal chaetotaxy IV – XII: 10: 8: 7: 7 – 8: 7 – 9: 8 – 9: 8 – 9: 0: 2; anterior genital operculum with 9 setae, posterior margin with 10 – 11 marginal setae, 19 – 20 in total; leg IV with a long tactile seta on both tarsal segments: basitarsus 4.29 – 4.75 times longer than deep (TS = 0.20 – 0.21), telotarsus 16.00 – 18.60 times longer than deep and 2.53 – 3.10 times longer than basitarsus (TS = 0.25 – 0.29). Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm; ratios in parentheses). Male: body length 1.63. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.29 / 0.16 (1.81), femur 1.36 / 0.13 (10.46), patella 0.48 / 0.17 (2.82), chela 1.84 / 0.21 (8.76), hand 0.70 / 0.21 (3.33), movable chelal finger length 1.15. Chelicera 0.67 / 0.28 (2.39), movable finger length 0.37. Carapace 0.55 / 0.59 (0.93). Leg I: trochanter 0.20 / 0.12 (1.67), femur 0.78 / 0.08 (9.75), patella 0.38 / 0.08 (4.75), tibia 0.35 / 0.07 (5.00), tarsus 0.82 / 0.06 (13.67). Leg IV: trochanter 0.27 / 0.16 (1.69), femoropatella 1.12 / 0.22 (5.09), tibia 0.74 / 0.10 (7.40), basitarsus 0.32 / 0.08 (4.00), telotarsus 0.91 / 0.06 (15.17). Females: body length 1.81 – 2.20. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.31 – 0.35 / 0.17 – 0.19 (1.82 – 1.84), femur 1.35 – 1.41 / 0.13 – 0.14 (10.07 – 10.38), patella 0.49 – 0.52 / 0.18 (2.72 – 2.89), chela 1.83 – 1.91 / 0.22 – 0.23 (8.30 – 8.32), hand 0.68 – 0.69 / 0.22 – 0.23 (2.96 – 3.14), movable chelal finger length 1.15 – 1.19. Chelicera 0.70 – 0.74 / 0.29 – 0.30 (2.41 – 2.47), movable finger length 0.39 – 0.40. Carapace 0.57 – 0.61 / 0.60 – 0.62 (0.95 – 0.98). Leg I: trochanter 0.19 / 0.13 – 0.14 (1.36 – 1.46), femur 0.76 – 0.79 / 0.08 – 0.09 (8.44 – 9.88), patella 0.36 – 0.41 / 0.08 (4.50 – 5.13), tibia 0.32 – 0.38 / 0.05 – 0.07 (5.43 – 6.40), tarsus 0.80 – 0.83 / 0.05 (16.00 – 16.60). Leg IV: trochanter 0.25 – 0.33 / 0.15 – 0.19 (1.67 – 1.74), femoropatella 1.09 – 1.17 / 0.19 – 0.21 (5.19 – 6.16), tibia 0.69 – 0.74 / 0.09 – 0.10 (7.40 – 7.67), basitarsus 0.30 – 0.38 / 0.07 – 0.08 (4.29 – 4.75), telotarsus 0.93 – 0.96 / 0.05 – 0.06 (16.00 – 18.60).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lagynochthonius yaowangguensis sp. nov. is similar to L. fengi sp. nov. in having intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers and a pointed and triangular epistome, but differs by the longer chela (e. g. chela length 1.84 vs. 1.53 – 1.54 mm, movable chelal finger length 1.15 vs. 0.88 – 0.91 mm; all in males) and the number of setae on tergites I – IV (4 vs. 2). Lagynochthonius yaowangguensis sp. nov. differs from L. bailongtanensis in the shape of epistome (pointed and triangular vs. rounded and obtuse), and the pattern of dentation on the chelal fingers (with intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers vs. without intercalary teeth). Lagynochthonius yaowangguensis sp. nov. differs from L. laoxueyanensis by the number of setae on tergites I – II (4 and 4 vs. 2 and 2, respectively), and the presence of intercalary teeth on both chelal fingers (Li et al. 2019; Hou et al. 2022). In L. yaowangguensis sp. nov., the hand of the chela is slightly narrowed and the apodeme of the movable chelal finger is weakly sclerotized, but the presence of a modified accessory tooth (td) on the dorso-antiaxial face of fixed chelal finger (Figs 45 F – G, 46 L) is a typical character of the genus Lagynochthonius (Chamberlin 1962; Judson 2007) and maintained in this species. Therefore, considering all the characteristic factors, it is most appropriate to place this new species in the genus Lagynochthonius.	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
8A6487A5FFF9A917FF11FE30FDF0FC4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the type locality, Unnamed Cave 4 (Figs 1 K, 42 A – E), which is located about 0.8 km northwest of Laoshanyaowanggu (a valley near the border between China and Vietnam). The cave was found near the top of a mountain. Several boulders were scattered around the triangular entrance (about 2 meters high and 3 meters wide). The interior space is large, and extends horizontally. The total length of the cave is unknown. All specimens were collected under stones and detritus in the deep zone (temperature around 11 ° C, humidity over 85 %).	en	Hou, Yanmeng, Gao, Zhizhong, Zhang, Feng (2022): Diversity of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions from eastern Yunnan in China, with the description of eleven new species of the genus Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 5198 (1): 1-65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5198.1.1
