identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AE60118033667284F1FA6D5A8BFDC8.text	03AE60118033667284F1FA6D5A8BFDC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andinodarnis Flórez-V & Evangelista 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Andinodarnis gen. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 264E9AEB-7003-4D71-A3B7-C85CD1973882</p>
            <p> Type-species:  Tomogonia pectoralis Stål, 1869</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Head in anterior view subtriangular. Pronotum convex, finely punctate, smooth; suprahumeral horns acute, very close to humeral angles, slightly projected and curved backward in dorsal view; semicircular lateral impressions extending from behind humeral angles to apical third; posterior process extended slightly beyond M fork of forewing. Forewings entirely exposed, not concealed by pronotum. Pro- and mesothoracic femur bearing two rows of cucullate setae on ventral surface; metathoracic femur bearing one row of cucullate setae on ventral surface, fewer and comparatively smaller than other femora.</p>
            <p>Description: Color: Pale to ochraceous yellow, dark brown, or combination thereof; yellow patches bright green in live specimens. Labium, thoracic pleurites and sternites, coxae and base of metathoracic femur dark brown to black. Forewings amber to smoky hyaline with dark macula at apical third. Abdomen ochraceous, yellow to dark brown.</p>
            <p>Vestiture: Head and pronotum smooth, shiny, and finely punctate. Body glabrous, except thoracic pleurites and sternites, coxae, ventral surface of femora and tibiae covered in golden or silver pubescence.</p>
            <p>Head: Subtriangular; posterior margin of vertex, including supra-antennal ledges and frontoclypeus, forming slightly arcuate continuous outline; with feeble semicircular concavity between ocelli; lower half depressed, slightly directed posteriorly, frontoclypeus ovoid to subpentagonal with smooth round edges; dorsal margin arcuate; labium reaching mesothoracic coxae.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Pronotum convex, low, dorsally arched, moderately compressed laterally behind humeri; suprahumeral horns minute, conical, arising right above humeral angles, curved backward in dorsal view, slightly projected into acute tip; semicircular impressions, one at each side of posterior process, extending from behind humeral angles to apical third; dorsomedial carina inconspicuous anteriorly, gradually compressed and tectiform from mid-dorsum to pronotal apex; posterior process tapering into spine-like apex. Forewings entirely exposed, R initially divided into R 1+2+3 and R 4+5, with one s, one r-m, and two m-cu crossveins; crossvein s slightly distad of r-m; s and m-cu delimiting two discoidal cells. Hind wing with one r-m, and m-cu crossvein almost as long as M 3+4, and R 4+5 not fused with M 1+2. Pro- and mesothoracic femur bearing two rows of cucullate setae on ventral surface (Fig. 5A–D), metathoracic femur bearing one row of cucullate setae on ventral surface, each row with few spines (7 or less), much less acute and pronounced in metathoracic femur; well-defined rows of cucullate setae on metathoracic tibia (three single rows: antero-dorsal, postero-dorsal and ventral = I, II and III sensu Deitz, 1975) (Fig. 5E–G).</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Terga smooth, lacking fenestrae, tuberosities or dorsal scars (Fig. 3A, 7A).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Subgenital plates somewhat rectangular, elongate, weakly curved in lateral view. Styles slender, hook-shaped, broader at middle. Aedeagus U-shaped, bearing several rows of minute teeth on upper anterior surface of posterior arm.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia. Gonoplac round apically in lateral view, narrow basally and abruptly wider at apical half; ventral margin arched, sclerotized, covered in fine punctation and setae. First valvulae in lateral view weakly curved, apex triangular and acute; delicately ornate along dorsal margin, fine lines more or less perpendicular to longitudinal axis; ramus reaching apex of valvulae with pores along entire extension. Second valvulae blade shaped, distinctly more sclerotized than first valvulae, dorsally curved toward triangular apex, finely serrate; apical 1/5 covered in canals and pores; longitudinal ventral axis ornate basally with linear and oblique integumental processes, and apically with escamiform integumental processes; ramus extended almost to apex.</p>
            <p>Nymph: unknown.</p>
            <p> Distribution. COLOMBIA: Antioquia, Putumayo, Risaralda. ECUADOR: Pichincha (new record). PERU: Cuzco. Members of  Andinodarnis gen. nov. are endemic to the Andean region. Recent specimens were collected in montane habitats ranging between 1800 and 3000 masl (Fig. 8). </p>
            <p> Etymology. The generic name is composed of two words: ‘ andinus ’, meaning ‘from the Andes’, and ‘  Darnis ’, a genus in the same tribe that is somewhat similar in appearance. The gender is feminine. </p>
            <p>Constituent species (2):</p>
            <p> Andinodarnis pectoralis Stål, 1869</p>
            <p> Andinodarnis atromeris Flórez-V and Evangelista  sp. nov.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Representatives of  Andinodarnis gen. nov. are infrequently collected and scarce in entomological collections. Several collecting events targeting this group yielded only a few specimens (six new exemplars in four collecting sites). Current records indicate that  A. pectoralis occurs at mid to high elevation along the Northern and Central Andes (1800–3000 masl), while  A. atromeris sp. nov. is restricted to the western area of Colombian Andes (1800–2450 masl). </p>
            <p> The genus can be unambiguously ascribed to  Darnini based on the femoral cucullate setae (Fig. 5). Tribal constituents in the clade with the same pronotal syndrome lack suprahumeral horns and have forewings partially to entirely concealed by the posterior process, in addition to more pronounced and numerous femoral cucullate setae.  Andinodarnis gen. nov. is, therefore, the only genus in the raindrop group (‘dewdrop’ sensu Roy et al., 2007) with fully exposed wings and suprahumeral horns (Figs. 2, 4). These two traits are also observed in  Sundarion , a genus in the tribe outside the raindrop group, which differs in having much larger, strongly projected suprahumeral horns, which are prismatic and often truncate apically. A phylogenetic framework is required to verify whether these topologically similar structures are homologous, considering stark differences in pronotal shape and vestiture. In  Andinodarnis gen. nov. , the suprahumeral horns are conical, minute, lacking a longitudinal carina, and the surface of the pronotum is ultra-smooth, shiny, and finely punctured. Additional distinguishing features of  Andinodarnis gen. nov. include a triangular head, femora with few cucullate setae on the ventral surface (rows with seven spines or less), and a widely curved upward female second valvulae with one or two prominent teeth apically (Fig. 3, 7). </p>
            <p> Key to  Andinodarnis species</p>
            <p> 1. Head, pronotum and legs pale to ochraceous yellow, forewings amber hyaline, highest point of dorsal outline past mid-dorsum (Fig. 2)..........................................  A. pectoralis Stål comb. nov. (=  Tomogonia pectoralis Stål, 1869 ) </p>
            <p> 1’. Head and metopidium dark brown, posterior process yellow from humeral angles to apex, forewings smoky hyaline, highest point of dorsal outline approximately at mid-dorsum (Fig. 4)..............  A. atromeris Flórez-V and Evangelista  sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE60118033667284F1FA6D5A8BFDC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Flórez-V, Camilo;Evangelista, Olivia	Flórez-V, Camilo, Evangelista, Olivia (2022): Andinodarnis gen. nov., a new treehopper genus from the Andes (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae). Zootaxa 5200 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.1.3
03AE60118031667684F1FDED5CEFFC83.text	03AE60118031667684F1FDED5CEFFC83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andinodarnis pectoralis (Stal 1869) Flórez-V & Evangelista 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Andinodarnis pectoralis (Stål, 1869) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figures 1C–G, 2,3)</p>
            <p> Tomogonia pectoralis Stål 1869: 259 (Type locality: Bogota); Funkhouser 1927: 165; Goding 1929e: 234; Metcalf and Wade 1965: 683; McKamey 1998: 478. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Head and pronotum pale to ochraceous yellow. Forewing hyaline with macula on anterior area of apex. Pronotum with highest point of dorsal outline past mid-dorsum.</p>
            <p>Description: Color: Head ochraceous yellow, eyes silver to dark grey, ocelli ochraceous yellow. Pronotum entirely ochraceous yellow, bright green in live specimens (Fig. 1C, 1E). Labium, thoracic pleurites and sternites, coxae and base of metathoracic femur dark brown. Forewings fuscous hyaline, veins ochraceous yellow to brown, dark brown macula between apex of M basal cell, first discoidal cell, second and third apical cell and adjacent area of apical limbus. Pro- and mesothoracic femora, tibiae and tarsomeres ochraceous yellow to brown; apex of third tarsomeres brown. Abdomen ochraceous yellow to dark brown (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Female. Gonoplac with round apex in lateral view, ventral outline widely arched, basal half distinctly narrower than apical half. First valvula blade-shaped, slender, dorsal outline widely arched upward and then straight before apex; longitudinal dorsal axis on apical ¾ and apex ventrally ornate with oblique and lineal integumental processes, ramus extended up to apex, pores along ramus extension, ramus extended almost until apex with pores along, ventral sculptured area restricted to apex. Second valvula distinctly more sclerotized than first valvulae, dorsal outline widely arched, ramus extended almost until apex, canals at apical 1/3 extended toward rounded teeth which are only present on apical 1/3; two relatively more sclerotized teeth, one at base of apical 1/3 and the other before middle of apical 1/3, longitudinal ventral axis ornate basally with linear and oblique integumental processes, and apically with escamiform integumental processes (Fig. 3).</p>
            <p>Male and nymphs unknown.</p>
            <p>Measurements: Female (mm; n=2): Body length: 9.69, 10.1; forewing length: 8.25, 8.50; pronotal length: 8.17, 8.22; pronotum height: 2.39, 2.77; pronotal width: 4.5, 4.15; head width: 3.68, 3.63; vertex length: 1.63, 1.46.</p>
            <p> Distribution. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Belmira (2950 masl), Sonsón (2700 masl); Putumayo: San Rafael (2700 masl). ECUADOR: Pichincha: Nono-Tandayapa (1900 masl). PERU: Cuzco: Urubamba: Machupicchu (Fig. 8). This is the first record of the species  A. pectoralis for Ecuador. </p>
            <p> Examined material. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Belmira: “ COLOMBIA. Antioquia, Belmira, Camino hacia el páramo de Santa Inés, 2900–3000 msnm \ Sep. 3/2017 \ leg. V. Correa, C. Flórez-V,A. Ospina, D. Taborda \ CBUCESF” (2 females in CBUCES); “ COLOMBIA. Antioquia, Sonsón, vereda Manzanares, Camino de Murringo, ~2700 msnm, Manual, en  Piper, Mar. 08/ 2021., leg. D. Gómez; S. Montoya; F. Orozco; A. Ospina, CBUCES-F” (1 female in CBUCES; collected on  Piperaceae :  Piper sp. ). Putumayo: San Rafael: “ COLOMBIA. Putumayo, San Rafael, Vía Mocoa-Sibundoy, 2700–2900 msnm, manual, bosque ripario, en  Solanaceae cerca de agrupación de  Alchisme grossa , May. 2018, leg. S. Carvalho, C. Flórez-V, M.J. Sanín, CBUCES-F” (1 female in CBUCES; collected on an undetermined species of  Solanaceae ). ECUADOR: Pichincha: “Nono-Tandayapa Road, 1900 m, Feb. 27/ 1983, leg. L. Huggert”, “  Tomogonia pectoralis \ Stål, 1869 \ det:A. M. Sakakibara”, “  Darnini [handwritten by Dr. Sakakibara]” (1 female in DZUP). PERU: Cuzco: Urubamba: “Machupicchu, 1969, leg. Bordón”, “  Tomogonia pectoralis \ Stål, 1869 \ det: A. M. Sakakibara”, “  Darnini [handwritten by Dr. Sakakibara]” (1 female in DZUP). </p>
            <p> Biology. Specimens were collected on  Piperaceae (Piper) and  Solanaceae (Fig. 1F), as outlined in the examined material. Additional field data is required to determine whether these were true host plants or if the association was transitory. In two instances, solitary females of  A. pectoralis were observed near aggregations of other treehopper species that were displaying strong egg-guarding behavior. Solitary females were recorded feeding near aggregations of  Aetalion cf. fissum Walker, 1851 and  Alchisme grossa (Fairmaire, 1846) (in Belmira and San Rafael, respectively; Figs. 1C, F, G). Representatives of  Andinodarnis gen. nov. might be more easily observed in, or even potentially benefit from, enemy-free space created by the females of unrelated treehopper species that aggressively protect their offspring from predators with a suite of defensive maternal traits. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Type specimens of  T. pectoralis could not be located despite a thorough search of  Membracidae holdings in major European institutions. No representatives were found at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS), which was originally designated as the repository institution (‘Mus. Holm.’, Stål 1869; Gunvi Lindberg, personal communication). In the absence of type specimens, the identity of the species was inferred based on the original description of Stål (1869), which offers sufficient information for accurate identification. For instance, the author mentions several distinguishing features, including color, vestiture, pronotal shape and forewing venation, which closely match the examined specimens. Identifications based on the original description are congruent, as exemplified by a previous determination label from A. M. Sakakibara in which he recognizes that  A. pectoralis comb. nov. should be transferred to  Darnini . </p>
            <p> This species can be readily distinguished from  A. atromeris sp. nov. by the following features: head and pronotum entirely light to ochraceous yellow and forewings hyaline with a macula on anterior part of apex. The forewing s crossvein varies in position from distad to basad of r-m. </p>
            <p> Scattered distribution records show that  A. pectoralis is found in the montane cloud forests of the Northern and Central Andes from Colombia to Peru (Fig. 8). All exemplars were collected above 1500 masl. Live specimens are bright green with a pale yellow metopidium (Fig. 1). Like many other insects, the green pigments fade to yellow in preserved specimens. Exemplars from Peru were generally lighter in coloration, while those from Colombia have a golden or amber tinge. A comparative analysis of a larger series may confirm whether this represents intraspecific color variation, as currently circumscribed, or indicates multiple cryptic taxa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE60118031667684F1FDED5CEFFC83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Flórez-V, Camilo;Evangelista, Olivia	Flórez-V, Camilo, Evangelista, Olivia (2022): Andinodarnis gen. nov., a new treehopper genus from the Andes (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae). Zootaxa 5200 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.1.3
03AE60118035667A84F1FC2A5C1BF80F.text	03AE60118035667A84F1FC2A5C1BF80F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andinodarnis atromeris Flórez-V & Evangelista 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Andinodarnis atromeris sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7A3F9F29-501E-4935-B93D-09960D69C292</p>
            <p>(Figures 4–7)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Head and metopidium black; in dorsal view, black area V-shaped, extended diagonally from humeral angles to dorsomedial carina above semicircular lateral impression. Forewing veins black and membrane on anterior area of apex smoky hyaline.</p>
            <p>Description: Holotype male. Color: Head ochraceous black, with one yellow inverse T between ocelli (on epicraneal suture and dorsal margin of frontoclypeus), eyes silver, ocelli ochraceous yellow. Pronotum black from metopidium and diagonally from humeral angles toward dorsum over beginning of lateral impressions, and then bright yellow [in live specimens, this yellow area is green, see Fig. 1A–B]. Labium, thoracic pleurites and sternites, coxae and base of metathoracic femur black. Forewings smoky hyaline with black veins; one yellow band on sclerotized area of clavus; one darker macula between apex of M basal cell, first discoidal cell, second and third apical cell and adjacent area of apical limbus. Pro- and mesothoracic femora, tibiae and tarsomeres ochraceous brown; third tarsomeres with apex black. Abdomen dark brown (Figs. 4, 5).</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Subgenital plates triangular and slender, bilobed after half-length, bearing a quadrangular process at apex in ventral view, and triangular in lateral view. Styles hook-shaped, relatively slender, shank broader at middle. Aedeagus U-shaped, several rows of minute teeth along entire anterior surface of posterior arm (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>Female. Same as male but larger. Abdomen: Gonoplac in lateral view with apex rounded, ventral outline widely arched, basal half distinctly narrower than apical half. First valvula blade-shaped, slender, dorsal outline widely arched upward; longitudinal dorsal axis on apical ¾ and apex ventrally ornate with oblique and lineal integumental processes, ramus extended up to apex, pores along ramus extension, ramus extended almost until apex, ventral sculptured area restricted to apex. Second valvula distinctly more sclerotized than first valvulae, dorsal outline widely arched upward, ramus extended almost until apex with pores along, canals at apical 1/3 extended toward rounded teeth which are only present on apical 1/3; two relatively more sclerotized teeth contiguous at base of apical 1/3, longitudinal ventral axis ornate basally with linear and oblique integumental processes, and apically with escamiform integumental processes (Fig. 7).</p>
            <p>Nymph: unknown.</p>
            <p>Measurements: Holotype male (mm): body length: 9.85; forewing length: 8.26; pronotal length: 8.12; pronotal height: 3.07; pronotal width: 3.78; head width: 3.38; vertex width: 2.29; vertex length: 1.36.</p>
            <p> Biology. Two females were recorded on  Erato vulcanica (Asteraceae) (Fig. 1A) but only one was collected (designated here as the paratype). The holotype was collected on  Acanthaceae (Fig. 1B). Additional field data is required to determine whether these are legitimate host plant associations. </p>
            <p>
                 Examined material.   Holotype male: COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Pueblo Rico: “COLOMBIA. Risaralda, Pueblo Rico,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.08175/lat 5.23983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.08175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.23983">vereda Montebello</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.08175/lat 5.23983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.08175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.23983">PNN Tatamá</a>
                 , subiendo hacia el  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.08175/lat 5.23983)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.08175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.23983">cerro Montezuma</a>
                 , 5.23983°N, 76.08175°W, 2300 msnm, manual, en  Acanthaceae , May. 25–26/2016, leg. C. Bota, C. Flórez-V, CBUCES-F 274” (CBUCES; collected on an undeterminied species of  Acanthaceae )  .   Female paratype: COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Pueblo Rico: “ COLOMBIA. Risaralda, Pueblo Rico, vereda Montebello, PNN Tatamá, subiendo hacia el cerro Montezuma, 5.224971°N, 76.082570°W, 1800 msnm, manual, en  Erato vulcanica (Asteraceae) , Sep. 12–19 /2014, leg. A. Chinome, C. Bota, C. Flórez-V, M.A. Loaiza, CBUCES-F 253” (CBUCES; collected on  Asteraceae :  Erato vulcanica ). 
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            <p>Notes on type series. Holotype minuten-mounted, in good state of preservation, with dissected abdomen placed in vial with glycerine pinned underneath the specimen. Paratype equally well preserved, minute-mounted, with dissected abdomen placed in vial with glycerine pinned underneath the specimen.</p>
            <p>Distribution. COLOMBIA: Risaralda: Pueblo Rico (Vereda Montebello, PNN Tatamá— 1800–2350 masl) (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p> Etymology. The epithet specific ‘  atromeris ’ refer to the words ‘ atra ’, which means black, and ‘ meris, ’ which means portion, to denote the unique coloration of the head and pronotum on the anterior half. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is readily distinguished by its unique pronotal coloration, dark brown anteriorly and yellow beyond humeral angles (Fig. 4). The pronotal shape closely resembles  A. pectoralis , except for a slightly lower dorsum and less pronounced suprahumeral horns. First and second valvulae exhibit some slight interspecific differences: in  A. atromeris sp. nov. the prominent teeth of the second valvula are contiguous while in  A. pectoralis they are separated by small teeth. </p>
            <p> This species has only been found in one site of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia (Western Andean Mountain range), while  A. pectoralis was collected in different locations across the Cordillera Central in Colombia, in Macizo Colombiano, and in southern Ecuador and Peru (Fig. 8). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE60118035667A84F1FC2A5C1BF80F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Flórez-V, Camilo;Evangelista, Olivia	Flórez-V, Camilo, Evangelista, Olivia (2022): Andinodarnis gen. nov., a new treehopper genus from the Andes (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Darninae). Zootaxa 5200 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.1.3
