identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA87BFFFA8C97EFDDEF9708C264CA5.text	03AA87BFFFA8C97EFDDEF9708C264CA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocorypha Attems 1907	<div><p>Genus Cryptocorypha Attems, 1907</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Cryptocorypha stylopus Attems, 1907, Java, by monotypy.</p> <p>Other included species</p> <p>Twenty-eight, including three new species described below. See Golovatch (2019) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2019).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This genus was recently reviewed by Golovatch (2019) building on several other recent treatments (Golovatch et al. 2017; Likhitrakarn et al. 2019).</p> <p>An extensive diagnosis of the genus Cryptocorypha was provided by Golovatch (2019). This diagnosis (actually more like a general description) is reproduced here, with necessary updates to accommodate the new species, plus some linguistic and terminological adjustments, but without reference to specific species and illustrations:</p> <p>A genus of small Pyrgodesmidae (3–15 mm long) with a strongly flat body and high paraterga. Adult body with 17 or 18 podous rings in both sexes, but more usually with 17 podous rings in ♂ and 18 podous rings in ♀. Head usually unmodified, only in several Afrotropical species with a paramedian pair of vertigial humps (only in ♂ or both in ♂ and ♀). Antennae C-shaped, mostly exposed, antennomere 6 the largest; interantennal isthmus&gt; 1.6 × diameter of antennal socket. Collum flabellate, fully or almost fully covering head from above, fore margin regularly convex, not or nearly not lobulated, but with 6+6 (sub)equal sectors divided by 11 radii; central part usually with two transverse rows of 3+3 and 2+2 flat, roundish or transversely oval bosses or low tubercles; sometimes both rows and knobs vague. Postcollum metaterga each with three transverse rows of regular, non-differentiated, flat bosses or low rounded tubercles partly extending onto paraterga. Lateral margin of postcollum paraterga always indistinctly lobulated, without porosteles: paraterga 2 and 3 invariably trilobate, following ones 3-, 4- or 5-lobate, but poreless paraterga mostly showing fewer lobulations (typically three) than pore-bearing ones (typically four). Anterolateral lobulations absent, but 1–3 caudolateral ones mostly present. Tergal setae missing in most species. Pore formula normal (5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15–18(19)), ozopores inconspicuous, open flush on tergal surface near base of penultimate lateral lobulation. Telson fully exposed in dorsal view, epiproct conical. Last tibia or both last and penultimate tibiae (♂ and / or ♀) often, but not always with an apicodorsal trichostele (= a long tactile seta on stalk or knob). Gonopods from relatively simple to complex, typically clearly transverse; coxae globose, each usually with one or a few strong setae, laterally papillate and microsetose, usually divided by a central sternal tubercle; cannulae unmodified curved tubes; telopodites remaining well-exposed beyond a small to modest gonocoel, each typically tri- or quadripartite, consisting of a distinct mesal solenomere branch mostly flanked by a more or less prominent, membranous, sometimes ornate, sac- or lobe-shaped, anterolateral velum, and a normally long and lateral exomere process. Sometimes velum and exomere fully fused into a single sac-shaped structure, or velum more or less strongly appressed to exomere or endomere, leaving gonopodal telopodite bi- or slightly tripartite. When telopodite clearly quadri- or tripartite, a more or less evident endomere branch normally also distinct. (Modified from Golovatch 2019.)</p> <p>Transforming this extensive characterization into a differential diagnosis of Cryptocorypha is not possible, not the least considering the high degree of variability in gonopod structure among the included species. The genus obviously belongs to the “ Pyrgodesmidae cryptodesmiformes”, an informal grouping named by Mauriès &amp; Maurin (1981) for several genera of Pyrgodesmidae with a superficial resemblance to species of Cryptodesmidae. Neither Mauriès &amp; Maurin (1981) nor any subsequent author has provided a more strict diagnosis of this grouping or an account of its content. As examples of cryptodesmiform pyrgodesmids Mauriès &amp; Maurin (1981) mentioned the genera Dusboscquiellina Brolemann, 1926 and Cachania Schubart, 1955. Based on available literature (Brolemann 1926, Schubart 1955, Golovatch &amp; VandenSpiegel 2014), Cryptocorypha differs from Dusboscquiellina by the unmodified third male femur (tuberculate in Dusboscquiellina) and from Cachania by the lobulated / striate collum (neither lobulated nor striate in Cachania).</p> <p>While Cryptocorypha thus remains poorly diagnosed, it serves as a useful temporary ‘home’ for several Afrotropical and Oriental cryptodesmiform pyrgodesmids. Future revisionary and phylogenetic studies will probably reshuffle the taxonomy of the species currently ascribed to the genus, as well as pyrgodesmid (and cryptodesmid, see Discussion) taxonomy in general.</p> <p>Golovatch (2019) gave a provisional key to the 25 Cryptocorypha species recognized at that time, and Likhitrakarn et al. (2019) gave details about the species known to them.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFA8C97EFDDEF9708C264CA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFAAC976FDA0FE368A014BBA.text	03AA87BFFFAAC976FDA0FE368A014BBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocorypha geminiramus Enghoff 2022	<div><p>Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3DEB7615-042D-4D27-AC40-4C8A5DAE7CB6</p> <p>Figs 1–7</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Differs from all other species of Cryptocorypha Attems, 1807, except C. chenovi Golovatch et al., 2013 from Vanuatu, by its small size (max. diameter of males 0.72 mm), vs 0.78–0.92 mm in the congeners from Udzungwa and min. 1.00 mm in other non-Udzungwan species (the diameter of C. kumamotensis (Murakami, 1966) is unknown but the published male body length, 5 mm, suggests a diameter of&gt; 0.8 mm). Differs from all other species of Cryptocorypha, except C. cactifer sp. nov., C. bocal Golovatch, Nzoko Fiemapong &amp; VandenSpiegel, 2017 from D.R. Congo, and C. leia Chamberlin, 1945 from Java, by the virtually identical, very slender solenomere and exomere. Differs from C. cactifer sp. nov. by the absence of setae in podous body rings and from C. bocal and C. leia by the very poorly developed velum on the gonopod telopodite.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet (noun in apposition) refers to the virtually identical pair of slender branches (solenomere and exomere) of the gonopod telopodite.</p> <p>Material examined (160 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀, 3 subad. ♀♀)</p> <p>Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.918583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6793056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.918583/lat -7.6793056)">Kidatu</a>; 07°40′45.5″ S, 36°55′06.9″ E; 1448 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 5; NHMD 621823.</p> <p>Paratypes TANZANIA • 69 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; same collection data for as holotype; summed catch from 10 pitfall traps; NHMD 621824 • 13 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°40′42.1″ S, 36°55′06.8″ E; 1482 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; Plot 6, summed catch from six pitfall traps; NHMD 621825 • 18 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 2 subad. ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°41′12.9″ S, 36°55′39.2″ E; 978 m a.s.l.; 14 Sep. 2014; Plot 8, summed catch from eight pitfall traps; NHMD 621826 • 38 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°41′06.2″ S, 36°54′52.4″ E; 1527 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct. 2014; Plot 9; summed catch from nine pitfall traps; NHMD 621827 • 2 ♂♂; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.866997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8415556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.866997/lat -7.8415556)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.866997&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8415556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.866997/lat -7.8415556)">Mito Mitatu</a>; 07°50′29.6″ S, 36°52′01.2″ E; 674 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 13, pitfall trap, summed catch from two pitfall traps; NHMD 621828 • 15 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°50′26.1″ S, 36°51′33.0″ E; 1006 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; Plot 14, summed catch from five pitfall traps; NHMD 621829 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°50′14.3″ S, 36°50′46.8″ E; 1207 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2013; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; Plot MM1, summed catch from two pitfall traps; NHMD 621830 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Mar. 2014; NHMD 621831 • 1 ♂; Udzungwa Mountains, Mwanihana Forest above Sanje; 1650 m a.s.l.; 18 Aug. 1982; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap; NHMD 621832.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>SIZE. Males: Length 3.2–3.8 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.59–0.72 mm in males from Kidatu; males from Mito Mitatu up to 4.6 mm long. 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Females: Length 4.6–6.1 mm. One specimen (from Kidatu, Plot 9) 6.6 mm long (0.92 mm wide). Width 0.83– 1.10 mm. One specimen (from Kidatu, Plot 5) 1.36 mm wide. 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson.</p> <p>COLOUR. Entirely pallid or with faint brown pigment, especially on paranotal margins and on level 1 tubercles.</p> <p>SURFACE SCULPTURE (Figs 1, 3). Entire exposed dorsal surface covered in a three-level ornamentation: Level 1: Rounded, hemispherical to subspherical tubercles of ca 35 μm diameter arranged in two or three transverse rows on all body rings. These tubercles are covered with level 3 spherules. Level 2: Very small, smooth, circular, flattened ‘buttons’ of ca 8 μm diameter, covering entire dorsal surface except level 1 tubercles and lateral parts of paraterga. Level 3: A dense cover of minute stalked spherules of ca 1.5 μm diameter over entire dorsal surface, including level 1 tubercles, mostly arranged in neat lines (which possibly correspond to the limits between individual cuticular microscutes), but denser and more irregularly arranged on lateral margins of paraterga. These are the “microvilli” of Likhitrakarn et al. (2019).</p> <p>HEAD (Figs 2A–C, 7A–B). Smooth between antennae and below, in this area with numerous short setae; posterior part of head microtuberculate including a dense cover of level 3 spherules. Interantennal isthmus 1.4 times diameter of antennal socket. Antennae short, stout, bent in C-shape, antennomere 6 by far the largest.</p> <p>COLLUM (Figs 1A–C, 7A–B). Completely covering head from above, with broadly rounded anterior margin, faintly divided into 12 lobules, lateralmost lobules smaller than the others; two transverse rows of 2+2 and 3+3 level 1 tubercles; level 2 buttons and level 3 spheres as on ensuing metatergites.</p> <p>POSTCOLLAR PODOUS BODY RINGS. Without setae. With three transverse rows of level 1 tubercles. No. of tubercles in the three rows: ring 2: 2/6/8; ring 3: 2/8/8, ring 4: 2/8/4, rings 5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–17 (poriferous podous rings): 2/6/4; rings 6, 8, 1, 4: 2/8/4. Paraterga almost horizontal, rectangular, with three (rings 2–4), four (rings 6, 8, 11, 14), or five (rings 5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–17/18) lateral lobes; no lobes on anterior and posterior margins; anterior margin densely microtuberculate. Pore formula normal (5, 7, 9–10, 12–13, 15–18); ozopores (Fig. 3 D) on lateral margin, deeply embedded between third and fourth paratergal lobe and surrounded by a dense cover of level 3 spherules. Ventral side of metaterga, including mesalmost part of paraterga, with dense pavement of level 2 buttons, in part (especially on paraterga) interspersed with level 3 spheres. Towards anterior and posterior margins of paraterga, level 3 spheres drawn out into short rods, giving surface hairy look (Fig. 3C). Prozona (Fig. 7C) clearly divided into three zones. Anterior zone almost smooth, with indistinct cover of low swellings; in intermediate zone these swellings are replaced by triangular denticles, interspersed with level 3 spherules; posterior zone sharply demarcated from intermediate zone, with dense cover of level 2 buttons and level 3 spherules. Sterna smooth. Limbus (Fig. 7D) extremely narrow, with scattered rodlike denticles.</p> <p>APODOUS RING (Fig. 1D–E). With three transverse rows of each 4 level 1 tubercles; tubercles in posterior row each with a minute clavate seta (Fig. 1E). Four lateral lobes.</p> <p>TELSON (Fig. 4). Preanal ring (‘epiproct’) visible from above, triangular, with a dense cover of level 3 spherules, with two setiferous level 1 tubercles on the dorsal surface, setiferous denticle on each lateral margin, each followed by 2 successively smaller setiferous tubercles on lateral flank; also, transverse row of 4 setae near posterior tip; posterior tip with 4 long trichoid spinnerets each surrounded by crownlike collar. Anal valves (paraprocts) each with 2 non-marginal setae. Subanal scale (hypoproct) broadly triangular, with scattered level 3 spherules and two long setae on small marginal tubercles.</p> <p>LEGS. Unmodified in both sexes, except for flattened setae on tarsi of leg-pairs 1–2 in males (Fig. 2E–F).</p> <p>GONOPODS (Figs 5–6). Coxa (cx) moderately globose, its surface scaly and with scattered level 3 spherules, mesally forming shallow gonocoel. Telopodite projecting strongly from gonocoel, very evident in lateral and ventral views. Basal (‘prefemoral’) part of telopodite (bt) massive, with several distolateral setae, giving rise to two very long, subparallel, slender, simple, pointed, slightly arcuate processes – mesal solenomere (slm) and lateral exomere (ex). Broad, setose lobe (ve) at mesal base of telopodite probably corresponds to ‘velum’ described in several other species of Cryptocorypha.</p> <p>Females</p> <p>With a low epigynal ridge (ep) on ring three (Fig. 7A). Non-sexual characters as in males. A subadult female (from Kidatu, Plot 6) is 4.5 mm long, 0.72 mm wide, 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. This is the only non-adult specimen of this species seen.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>A key to species of Cryptocorypha was provided by Golovatch (2019). In the first couplet of the key Afrotropical and Asian species are separated, but the mentioned criteria concerning ring numbers are non-exclusive. If the Afrotropical alternative is chosen, C. geminiramus sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. geminiramus sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFAAC976FDA0FE368A014BBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFA2C973FDC6F92F8CB44ACC.text	03AA87BFFFA2C973FDC6F92F8CB44ACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocorypha cactifer Enghoff 2022	<div><p>Cryptocorypha cactifer sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F640EE01-ADBC-46DD-BF9B-0688B8A554E9</p> <p>Figs 8–9</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Identical with C. geminiramus sp. nov. in almost all characters, but differs from the smaller C. geminiramus and from all other species of Cryptocorypha by the presence of setae on podous body rings (Fig. 8).</p> <p>Further differs from C. geminiramus by the smooth part of head capsule extending well above antennal sockets (Fig. 8D, compare with Fig. 2A), by having the gonopod coxa (cx) more regularly hemispherical (Fig. 9A, C) and by having a jagged semicircular ridge (velum?, ve) on the basal part of the gonopod telopodite (Fig. 9B, D).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet (noun in apposition) means ‘bearer of cacti’ and refers to the some cactus-shaped metazonital setae.</p> <p>Material examined (3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 3 subadult ♀♀)</p> <p>Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.918583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6793056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.918583/lat -7.6793056)">Kidatu</a>; 07°40′45.5″ S, 36°55′06.9″ E; 1448 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; pitfall trap, Plot 5; NHMD 621833.</p> <p>Paratypes TANZANIA • 2 subadult ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; summed catch from 2 pitfall traps; NHMD 621834 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 07°40′42.1″ S, 36°55′06.8″ E; 1482 m a.s.l.; pitfall trap, Plot 6; NHMD 621835 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.840553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.827722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.840553/lat -7.827722)">Mito Mitatu</a>; 07°49′39.8″ S, 36°50′26.0″ E; 1552 m a.s.l.; 27 Oct. 2014; pitfall trap, Plot 15; NHMD 621836 • 1 ♂; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.840015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.816867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.840015/lat -7.816867)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, above Mito Mitatu; 07°49.012′ S, 36°50.401′ E; 1643 m a.s.l.; 27 Dec. 2017; R. Lowassary, T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap nr. 5, Acc. No.2017- EN-002; NHMD 621837 • 1 subadult ♀; Morogoro Region, Uzungwa Mountains, Mwanihana Forest Reserve; 1800–1850 m a.s.l.; 28–29 Sep., 1984; N. Scharff leg.; litter in montane rain forest; NHMD 621838.</p> <p>Referred specimen, not a type</p> <p>TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Udzungwa Mountains, Iringa Region, Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve, above Chita Village; 1600–1650 m a.s.l.; 8–13 Nov. 1984; N. Scharff leg.; montane forest, litter; NHMD 621839.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>SIZE. Males: Length 5.3–5.5 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.91–0.92 mm; 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Female: Length 7.7 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 1.19 mm; 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson.</p> <p>OTHER CHARACTERS. Virtually identical to the smaller C. geminiramus sp. nov. with the following exceptions: All level 1 tubercles and all lateral paratergal lobes on podous and apodous rings with a club-shaped, ornamented club-shaped, somewhat cactus-like seta (Fig. 8C); smooth part of head capsule extending well above antennal sockets (Fig. 8D); gonopod coxa (cx) more regularly hemisphaerical (Fig. 9A, C); basal part of gonopod telopodite with a jagged semicircular ridge (velum?, ve), on the basal part of the gonopod telopodite (Fig. 9B, D).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Almost all specimens of C. cactifer sp. nov. were found in mixed samples with C. geminiramus sp. nov. The single female from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve fully matches the females from Udzungwa Moutains National Park, but in the light of the considerable geographical distance, combined with the absence of a male, the specimen from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve is not included in the type series.</p> <p>If the Afrotropical alternative in the first couplet of the key provided by Golovatch (2019) is chosen, C. cactifer sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods and hairy tergites. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. cactifer sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFA2C973FDC6F92F8CB44ACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFA6C972FDFDFED68BB54B9F.text	03AA87BFFFA6C972FDFDFED68BB54B9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocorypha exovo Enghoff 2022	<div><p>Cryptocorypha exovo sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35365AB4-87E7-4510-A5F9-E506BCFECE06</p> <p>Figs 10–11</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Differs from all congeneric species by the unique shape of the ‘snakelike’ gonopod telopodite. Agrees with C. geminiramus sp. nov. in non-gonopodal characters.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet means ‘out of the egg’ and refers to the shape of the gonopod which somewhat resembles a snake (telopodite) hatching from the egg (coxa).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.846333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8373055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.846333/lat -7.8373055)">Mito Mitatu</a>; 07°50′14.3″ S, 36°50′46.8″ E; 1207 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 2013; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap, Plot MM1; NHMD 621840.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>SIZE. Male: Length 5.3 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.78 mm; 17 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson. Female: unknown.</p> <p>OTHER NON- GONOPODAL CHARACTERS (Fig. 10). Virtually identical to C. geminiramus sp. nov.</p> <p>GONOPODS (Fig. 11). Coxa (cx) moderately globose, its surface scaly and with scattered level 3 spherules, mesally forming a shallow gonocoel. Cannula (Fig. 11C, E: ca, not seen in the other two species) with a few tiny denticles (de).Telopodite projecting strongly from gonocoel, very evident in lateral and ventral views. Basal (‘prefemoral’) part of telopodite (bt) massive, with several distolateral setae, giving rise to a very long, sinous shaft which slightly beyond its midlength divides into a slightly curved branch, probably corresponding to an exomere (ex), and a strongly S-shaped branch, probably the solenomere (slm). A velum is not evident.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>A male of C. geminiramus sp. nov. was found in the same pitfall trap as the unique holotype of C. exovo sp. nov.</p> <p>If the Afrotropical alternative in the first couplet of the key provided by Golovatch (2019) is chosen, C. exovo sp. nov. runs to C. diffusa (Brolemann, 1920) from which it differs by several characters, especially by strongly different gonopods. If the Asian alternative in the first couplet is chosen, C. exovo sp. nov. runs to couplet 17(18) where it fits neither alternative.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFA6C972FDFDFED68BB54B9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFA6C96FFD0DF9668BAB4E8F.text	03AA87BFFFA6C96FFD0DF9668BAB4E8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptocorypha Attems 1807	<div><p>Cryptocorypha (?) sp.</p> <p>Material examined (7 ♀♀, 2 subad. ♀)</p> <p>TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Iringa Region, Iringa District, New Dabaga / Ulangambi Forest Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.935028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.007389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.935028/lat -8.007389)">trapsite Kinyonga</a>; 08°00′26.6″ S, 35°56′06.1″ E; 1910 m a.s.l.; Oct. 2000; Frontier Tanzania leg.; scrub /thicket; NHMD 621841 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; plot <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.935028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.007389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.935028/lat -8.007389)">Kinyonga</a>; 24 Oct. 2000; montane forest; NHMD 621842 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1904 m a.s.l.; 20 Oct. 2000; scrub/ thicket/ bush; NHMD 621843 • 2 ♀♀, 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for preceding; plot Black Wattle; 08°03′59.2″ S, 35°54′01.3″ E; 2000–2025 m a.s.l.; plantation; NHMD 621844 • 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as preceding; plot 16; 08°05′34.5″ S, 35°55′31.33″ E; 1800–1900 m a.s.l.; 15–16 Nov. 2000; montane; NHMD 621845 • 1 ♀; Iringa Region, Iringa District, West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.473057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8108335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.473057/lat -7.8108335)">Nyati Camp</a>; 07°48′39.0″ S, 36°28′23.0″ E; 1500 m a.s.l.; 6 Aug. 2000; Frontier Tanzania leg.; montane forest; NHMD 621846.</p> <p>Descriptive notes</p> <p>SIZE. Females: Length 6.5–7.4 mm; maximum body width 1.15–1.30 mm. 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson.</p> <p>OTHER CHARACTERS. As in the three species of Cryptocorypha described above. Notably, some of the specimens have metatergal setae, like C. cactifer sp. nov. (but the setae are smaller and less numerous), whereas others seem to lack such setae.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>In the absence of males, these specimens, which come from an area where none of the described species have been collected, are not associated with any species. In body size they best match C. cactifer sp. nov., with which some of them also share the metazonital setation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFA6C96FFD0DF9668BAB4E8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFBBC96FFD23FC778A834B0A.text	03AA87BFFFBBC96FFD23FC778A834B0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri 1896	<div><p>Genus ? species?</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>TANZANIA • 1 ♀; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.859165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.841417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.859165/lat -7.841417)">Mito Mitatu</a>; 07°50′29.1″ S, 36°51′33.0″ E; 1006 m a.s.l.; 26 Sep. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 14, pitfall trap; NHMD 621847.</p> <p>Descriptive notes</p> <p>SIZE. Female: Length 5.8 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 0.80 mm; 18 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson.</p> <p>OTHER CHARACTERS. A “stylodesmiform” pyrgodesmid sensu Mauriès &amp; Maurin (1981), with deep-set horizontal, non-lobed paraterga and rows of large tubercles/crests on metazonae; not incrusted.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>In the absence of a male this specimen cannot even be referred to a genus. Cryptocorypha geminiramus sp. nov. was found in the same pitfall trap.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFBBC96FFD23FC778A834B0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFBBC96EFD23F9F58C0F4C53.text	03AA87BFFFBBC96EFD23F9F58C0F4C53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrgodesmidae Silvestri 1896	<div><p>Genus ? species?</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>TANZANIA • 1 fragment; Udzungwa Mtrs, Iringa Region, Udzungwa Scart Forest Reserve, above Chita Village; 1600–1650 m a.s.l.; 8–12 Nov. 1984; N. Scharff leg.; montane rain forest; NHMD 621848.</p> <p>Descriptive notes</p> <p>SIZE. Fragment (9 podous + 1 apodous ring + telson); maximal body width (across metazona) 1.03 mm.</p> <p>OTHER CHARACTERS. A “stylodesmiform” pyrgodesmid sensu Mauriès &amp; Maurin (1981), with strongly declivent paraterga and 2+2 large tubercles on metazonae; moderately incrusted.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>In the absence of a male this specimen cannot even be referred to a genus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFBBC96EFD23F9F58C0F4C53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFBAC96EFDD7FE218B684E82.text	03AA87BFFFBAC96EFDD7FE218B684E82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elythesmus Hoffman 1978	<div><p>Genus Elythesmus Hoffman, 1978</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Elythemus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978, by original designation and monotypy.</p> <p>Other included species</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>A genus of Thelydesminae Cook, 1896 in which the prefemora are unmodified in both sexes and the surface of the metaterga is covered by a dark secretion.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFBAC96EFDD7FE218B684E82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
03AA87BFFFBAC967FDA5FC14896D4CC0.text	03AA87BFFFBAC967FDA5FC14896D4CC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman 1978	<div><p>Elythesmus enghoffi Hoffman, 1978</p> <p>Figs 12–17</p> <p>Material examined (124 ♂♂, 1 subad. ♂, 48 ♀♀, 10 subad. ♀, 1 juv. ♀)</p> <p>Holotype TANZANIA • ♂; East Usambara Mountains, Amani, Monga; 1000 m a.s.l.; 4 Feb. 1972; H. Enghoff, O. Lomholdt and O. Martin leg.; under fallen leaves; ZMUC 0010126.</p> <p>Paratypes TANZANIA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMD 621777.</p> <p>New material</p> <p>TANZANIA – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.94128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6870832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.94128/lat -7.6870832)">Udzungwa Mountains</a> • 11 ♂♂; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.94128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6870832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.94128/lat -7.6870832)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.94128&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6870832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.94128/lat -7.6870832)">Kidatu</a>; 07°41′13.5″ S, 36°56′28.6″ E; 650 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 1, summed catch from five pitfall traps; NHMD 621778 • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′14.9″ S, 36°56′24.7″ E; Plot 2, summed catch from five pitfall traps; NHMD 621779 • 23 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 subad. ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′02.4″ S, 36°55′49.3″ E; 1005 m a.s.l.; 14 Sep. 2014; Plot 3, summed catch from ten pitfall traps; NHMD 621780 • 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′05.2″ S, 36°55′48.4″ E; 993 m a.s.l.; 15 Oct.. 2014; Plot 4, summed catch from eight pitfall traps; NHMD 621781 • 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°40′45.5″ S, 36°55′06.9″ E; 1448 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; Plot 5, summed catch from five pitfall traps; NHMD 621786 • 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°40′42.1″ S, 36°55′06.8″ E; 1482 m a.s.l.; 21 Oct. 2014; Plot 6, summed catch from four pitfall traps; NHMD 621787 • 13 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′23.4″ S, 36°56′00.7″ E; 708 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct. 2014; Plot 7, summed catch from six pitfall traps; NHMD 521788 • 10 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′12.9″ S, 36°55′39.2″ E; 978 m a.s.l.; 14 Sep. 2014; Plot 8, summed catch from seven pitfall traps; NHMD 621789 • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°41′06.2″ S, 36°54′52.4″ E; 1527 m a.s.l.; 14 Sep. 2014; Plot 9, summed catch from four pitfall traps; NHMD 621690 • 1 ♂; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.918613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.67625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.918613/lat -7.67625)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, above Kidatu; 7°40′34.5′′ S, 36°55′07.0′′ E; 1589 m a.s.l.; 3 Sep. 2016; R. Lowassary, T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap, Acc. No. 2015-EN-001; NHMD 521691 • 1 ♂; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.859165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8405833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.859165/lat -7.8405833)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.859165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.8405833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.859165/lat -7.8405833)">Mito Mitatu</a>; 07°50′26.1″ S, 36°51′33.0″ E; 1006 m a.s.l.; 26 Oct.. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 14, pitfall trap; NHMD 621792 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 07°49′39.8″ S, 36°50′26.0″ E; 1552 m a.s.l.; 27 Oct.. 2014; Plot 15, summed catch from two pitfall traps; NHMD 621793 • 1 ♀; Morogoro Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.896584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.896584/lat -7.7735)">Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.896584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.7735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.896584/lat -7.7735)">Sanje Chini Camp</a>; 7°46′24.6″ S, 36°53′47.7″ E; 598 m a.s.l.; 17–19 Jan. 2014; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; hand collected; NHMD 621794 • 2 ♂♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Mountains Natl Park, trail to Mizimu Camp; 250 m a.s.l.; 3 Sep. 2012; T. Pape and N. Scharff leg.; hand collected; NHMD 621795 • 1 ♂, 1 subad. ♂; Udzungwa Mountains, Mwanihana Forest above Sanje; 1700 m a.s.l.; 15 Aug. 1982; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; NHMD 621796 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1250 m a.s.l.; 25 Jul. 1982; in litter; NHMD 621797 • 1 subad. ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1000 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 1982; in litter; NHMD 621798 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1000 m a.s.l.; 1 Aug. 1982; pitfall trap; NHMD 621810 • 2 ♀♀; Udzungwa Mountains, Morogoro Region, Mwanihana Forest Res.; 1000– 1100 m a.s.l.; 10–24 Sep. 1984; N. Scharff leg.; intermediate rain forest; NHMD 621799 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 700 m a.s.l.; 8–16 Sep, 1984; pitfall trap in lowland rain forest; NHMD 621800 • 3 ♂♂; Morogoro Region, Udzungwa Scarp Catchment Forest Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.91914&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.503722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.91914/lat -8.503722)">Chita</a>; 08°30′13.4″ S, 35°55′08.9″ E; 659 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 16, summed catch from three pitfall traps; NHMD 621801 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 08°29′59.1″ S, 35°54′59.5″ E; 908 m a.s.l.; 30 Oct. 2014; J. Malumbres-Olarte leg.; Plot 17, pitfall trap; NHMD 621802 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 subad. ♀; Udzungwa Mountains, Iringa Region, Udzungwa Scarp Forest Res., above Chita Village; 730– 1050 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct.–14 Nov. 1984; N. Scharff leg.; lowland rain forest; NHMD 621803, NHMD 621804, NHMD 621805 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1400 m a.s.l.; 4–5 Nov. 1984; pitfall traps in intermediate rain forest; NHMD 621806 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1500 m a.s.l.; 13 Nov. 1984; litter, montane rain forest; NHMD 621807 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1600–1650 m.a.s.l.; 8–12 Nov. 1984; montane rain forest; NHMD 621808 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 750 m a.s.l., 25–29 Oct. 1984; pitfall traps in lowland rain forest; NHMD 621809. – Uluguru Mountains • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Lupanga, West; 1900 m a.s.l.; 1 Jul. 1981; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; litter; NHMD 621811 • 1 juv. ♀; Lupanga, East; 1300 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 1981; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; litter; NHMD 621812 • 1 ♂; Morogoro Region, Morogoro District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.016667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.8/lat -7.016667)">Kimboza Forest Reserve</a>; 07°01′ S. 37°48′ E, Jan.– Mar. 1994; Frontier Tanzania leg.; NHMD 621813 • 11 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀; at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.662502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.0183334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.662502/lat -7.0183334)">Bunduki Village</a>; 07°01′06″ S. 37°39′45″ E; 1569 m a.s.l.; 26 Nov. 2010; V. Grebennikov leg.; ′sifting 27′; NHMD 621814. – Nguru (Kanga) Mountains • 1 ♀; Morogoro Region, Kanga Mountains, Kanga Forest Reserve; 400–500 m a.s.l.; 22–25 Nov. 1984, N. Scharff leg.; lowland rain forest; NHMD 621815. – East Usambara Mountains • 1 ♂; Amani; 1000 m a.s.l.; 15 Jul. 1980; M. Stoltze and N. Scharff leg.; pitfall trap; NHMD 621816 • 1 subad. ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.108333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.595/lat -5.108333)">Sangarawe Forest</a>; 5°6.5′ S, 38°35.7′ E; 990 m a.s.l.; 5–6 Nov. 1995; N. Scharff and C. Griswold leg.; sifting litter; NHMD 621817. – West Usambara Mountains • 1 subad. ♀; Mazumbai forest Reserve; 19–29 Sep. 1992; M. Andersen leg.; NHMD 621818 • 3 ♂♂, 1 subad. ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.5/lat -4.8166666)">Mazumbai Forest</a>; 4°49′ S, 38°30′ E; 1400–1600 m a.s.l.; 11–19 Nov. 1995; N. Scharff and C. Griswold leg.; NHMD 621819.</p> <p>Descriptive notes</p> <p>The original description (Hoffman 1978) is exhaustive. The large material studied here, including by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), allows some supplementary notes as well as an account of interspecific variation. See Figs 12–16.</p> <p>SIZE. Males: Length 6.6–13.2 mm; maximal body width (across metazona) 1.32–2.35 mm; 17 or 18 podous rings + 1 apodous ring + telson. One male possible with only 16 podous rings, see remarks. Females: Length 9.6–16 mm, maximal body width (across metazona) 1.57–2.69 mm; 18 podous rings + 1 apodous ring + telson. The considerable size variation is in part geographical, specimens from the</p> <p>East and West Usambara Mountains being larger than those from elsewhere. The very extensive material from the Udzungwa Mountains suggests a correlation between altitude and body size, cf. Remarks.</p> <p>BODY RINGS. Prozonites divided into two zones (Figs 13C, 14C). The anterior ca ⅔ is covered in a sculptural pattern consisting of tiny depressions delimited by fine walls, the caudal part of the walls being drawn out, each with ca five micro-ridges, each micro-ridge ending in a fine tooth (Fig. 14C). Posterior ca ⅓ unevenly covered by circular ‘buttons’ (Akkari &amp; Enghoff 2011: fig. 2) resembling the level 2 structural elements described for Cryptocorypha. Metazonites covered by a brown to blackish layer or secretion which can be removed partially using a needle, but which is resistant to ultrasonic cleaning as well as digestion with trypsin or commercial enzymatic detergent. Under the secretion, the metazonital tubercles are covered by rows of hairlike processes which presumably help to keep the secretion layer in place (Fig. 14A). The long setae of which each metazonital tubercle carries one are in high magnification seen to be segmented (Fig. 14D), their apical part is flattened (Fig. 14E). The limbus consists of tongue-shaped, apically sometimes finely serrate lobes, overlaid by a row of spines of ca the same length (Fig. 14B, see also Akkari &amp; Enghoff 2011: fig. 26).</p> <p>GONOPODS (Fig. 16). Exactly as described by Hoffman (1978) in all studied males, irrespective of geographical origin, body size or number of podous rings.</p> <p>Remarks on variation</p> <p>There is a considerable size variation in the large material of E. enghoffi studied. The width of adult males varies from 1.32 mm in the smallest male (from Udzungwa Mountains) to 2.35 mm in the largest males (from East Usambara Mountains). On the whole, specimens from the Udzungwa Mountains are smaller (male width 1.32–2.04 mm), compared to 2.20–2.35 mm in males from East and West Usambara Mountains and 1.55–2.11 mm in males from Uluguru Mountains (Table 1).</p> <p>Even more remarkable is the variation in ring number in adult males. Whereas adult females always have 18 podous rings (plus one apodous ring plus telson, adding up to the traditional “20 segments”), adult males may have 18 or 17, possibly even 16 podous rings. In the Udzungwa Mountains there is a geographical pattern: all examined males from the SW part of the Udzungwa (Udzungwa Scarp Catchment Forest Reserve, 659–1400 m a.s.l.) have 18 podous rings. In contrast, among males from the NE part of the mountains (Udzungwa Mountains National Park), males with 18 podous rings were found only at 1482+ m a.s.l.; all males from lower altitudes (down to 250 m a.s.l.) had 17 podous rings, but such males also occurred at altitudes as high as 1527 m a.s.l.</p> <p>The sample from Kidatu, plot 9 (NHMD 621790) is particularly intriguing: out of four males, one has 18 podous rings, two seem to have 17, and one seems to have only 16 podous rings. However, this apparent case of very local variation in ring number needs verification because the males were unfortunately dissected for gonopod study before the rings were counted, so although deemed improbable, it cannot be completely excluded that one or two rings have become lost.</p> <p>Figure 17 shows the relationship between podous ring number, body width and altitude in the Udzungwa Mountains.</p> <p>The much smaller material from the Usambara Mountains only includes males with 18 podous rings, whereas males with 17 and 18 podous rings are present in the also quite small material from the Uluguru Mountains.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87BFFFBAC967FDA5FC14896D4CC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Enghoff, Henrik	Enghoff, Henrik (2022): A mountain of millipedes X: Species of Pyrgodesmidae and Cryptodesmidae in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). European Journal of Taxonomy 845: 66-100, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.845.1955
