taxonID	type	description	language	source
D95E7373F59A5235B1A8229D1A68E4A5.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
D95E7373F59A5235B1A8229D1A68E4A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material and horizon. One frontal HLMD-Ez 2004, four praemaxillae HLMD-Ez 2005 - 2008, nine maxillae HLMD-Ez 2009 - 2016, ten dentaries HLMD-Ez 2017 - 2027, one vertebra HLMD-Ez 2028.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
D95E7373F59A5235B1A8229D1A68E4A5.taxon	description	Description. Frontal: Frontal is partly preserved. It is triangular in shape and as wide as long (Fig. 2 A). The entire preserved dorsal surface of the bone is covered by moderately deep polygonal pits limited from each other by rather low ridges. The anterolateral processes are missing. The anteriorly-projecting internasal is rather narrow and elongated. In ventral view, its spike-like outline is more evident (Fig. 2 B). Only the anteromedial slot is preserved. It is long, low and not deep. In ventral view, the ventrolateral crest is broad, concave and in transverse view, triangular in outline. It starts at the base of the preserved portion of the anterolateral process and projects posterolaterally, reaching the posterior lateral tips of the frontal. The crest becomes thinner laterally. The ventral surface of the frontal, between the posterolateral crests, is flat. Praemaxilla: Available four praemaxillae show different preservation and are not fused. The medial surface of the bone, where two praemaxillae connect with each other, possesses grooves and flanges (Fig. 2 G). The width of the bone, measured along the tooth row, ranges from 1 - 1.5 mm. The pars dorsalis is elongated and long. In lateral view, it is curved. The laterodorsal notch is weakly developed. The pars dorsalis at its middle part extends slightly laterally, which in large-sized bones is stronger developed than in the small-sized ones. The labial surface of the bone is covered by different structures (Fig. 2 C, F). The ventral portion, corresponding to the pars dentalis, is nearly smooth. The middle part of the surface, making the most of the pars dorsalis, is pierced by nutrition foramina. The tip of the pars dorsalis possesses the boss. Pustular structures and polygonal-shaped pits cover it. In labial view, the maxillary process of praemaxilla projects laterally behind the pars dorsalis. In lingual view, the well-developed suprapalatal pit at the medial base of the pars dorsalis is present (Fig. 2 D, H). It has an elongate outline and reopens ventrally as a palatal foramen in the ventral surface of the pars palatinum. In medial view, the pars palatinum is curved. Distinct vomerine and maxillary processes are visible on the pars palatinum. The maxillary process is stronger developed than the vomerine one. Six to seven pleurodont teeth are attached to the pars dentalis. Maxilla: In total, eight maxillae with different preservation are available. The pars dentalis in most well-preserved specimens possesses 13 - 14 teeth or tooth bases. In lingual view, the pars dentalis is high anteriorly and reduces in height posteriorly (Fig. 2 J, M, P). The pars palatinum is well-developed and curved. In the middle part of the bone, it reaches its most width. The anterior tip of the pars palatinum extends anteromedially and forms a distinct process (Fig. 2 J, P). The premaxillary process is well developed (Fig. 2 M, P). The distinct nasal process projects anterodorsally (Fig. 2 J, M). Both the dorsal and labial surfaces of the maxillae are pierced by short rows of up to three nutrition foramina, which are limited to the area around the nasal process (Fig. 2 N, L, Q). Dentary: All eleven dentaries are only partially preserved. No dentary with a fully preserved tooth row (pars dentalis) is available in the material to count the tooth number. The teeth reduce in height posteriorly. The Meckelian groove is closed and form a canal. The dental shelf is moderately broad, and its lingual margin is angular (Fig. 2 R, V). The symphyseal articulation surfaces are flat and vertical. Lingually, it possesses two distinct prongs (Fig. 2 R, S). The dorsal prong is long and oriented anterodorsally. The ventral one is smaller and anteroventrally oriented. The ventral prong and the main symphyseal surface are separated with a moderately deep depression, which is pierced by the anterior opening of the Meckelian groove. The latter opens posteriorly with two large ventral and small dorsal (" opening for an unnamed canal " sensu Szentesi et al. (2015); fig. 8) openings. Taking into account the " natural " cross-sections of the bones (Fig. 2 U, X, Z), the split of the Meckelian canal into two branches already at the sixth tooth position can be stated. The small dorsal branch runs below the tooth row, whereas the large ventral one is enclosed in the ventral portion of the bone. The labial surface of the dentary is smooth. A row of labial foramina of different sizes is arranged along the midline of the dentary (Fig. 2 T, W, Y). Dentition: The teeth on premaxillae, maxillae. and dentary have similar morphology. All teeth are pleurodont and closely located. The tip of teeth is tricuspid with a main central large cuspid and two lateral small cuspids, which are sometimes nearly absent. The tooth pedicles are compressed anterodorsally. The tooth tip is round in cross-section. They reduce in size posteriorly.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B.taxon	description	Fig. 18 A-E	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Forty-two trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2146 - 2148, one cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2150 and HLMD-Ez 2150 a.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B.taxon	description	Description. Trunk vertebrae: All but one trunk vertebrae come from the middle trunk portion of the column. Some of them are preserved in relatively good condition, perhaps due to their robust morphology as characteristic of constrictors. In lateral view, these vertebrae are as high as long. In dorsal and ventral views, they are distinctly wider than long. In the largest and best-preserved vertebra HLMD-Ez 2148, the centrum length measures 5.7 mm, centrum width - 7.2 mm, centrum length / centrum width equals 0.8. The interzygapophyseal constriction, especially in larger vertebrae, is weakly expressed. The centrum is subtriangular in shape. The haemal keel is prominent, broad and slightly broadening posteriorly. In a few vertebrae, however, the keel looks like a biconcave lens owing to the presence of a distinct constriction, located at the level of the subcentral foramina, and prominent broadenings at the anterior and posterior ends. The subcentral grooves and subcentral ridges are prominent. The neural arch is moderately depressed. The neural spine is very low (approximately three times longer than high), thick, and widening posteriorly (Fig. 18 A). It occupies more than one half the length of the neural arch and begins immediately behind the zygosphenal articular facets. The zygosphenal roof is slightly convex or roughly straight in dorsal view. The prezygapophyseal and postzygapophyseal articular facets are usually subsquare in shape. The prezygapophyseal processes (if preserved) are very short and hardly visible dorsally. The paradiapophyses are subsquare in outline, higher than long, with indistinct subdivision into para- and diapophyseal portions. The cotyle and condyle are slightly flattened. The subcentral and lateral foramina are large. The paracotylar foramina are absent (Fig. 18 D). In the sole anterior trunk vertebra HLMD-Ez 2146, the haemal keel is replaced by a ventrally directed hypapophysis (its distal portion is broken). The neural spine of this vertebra is very short and relatively high in lateral view. Apart from these characteristics, the anterior trunk vertebra does not differ significantly from the middle trunk vertebrae. Cloacal vertebra: One cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, as characteristic for the sacral portion of the column, is provided with paired lymphapophyses (their distal ends are broken). The centrum length measures 3.4 mm, centrum width - 4.1 mm, centrum length / centrum width equals 0.8. Surprisingly, located on the ventral side of the centrum, minute but distinct paired haemapophyses are present, thus far the trait unknown in the genus Bavarioboa (see below). Caudal vertebrae: Four caudal vertebrae are provided with paired pleurapophyses (missing or partly missing in some vertebrae). In the largest caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2150, the centrum length is 4.0 mm, centrum width 4.5 mm, centrum length / centrum width 0.9. Situated on the ventral side of the centrum, are short but distinct paired haemapophyses (partly broken).	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
9647D96B27FB5BF7B66884497A05701C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Fifty-six vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2161.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA.taxon	description	Fig. 12 C-H	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990, six right dentaries HLMD-Ez 1993 - 1998, one left dentary HLMD-Ez 1999.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA.taxon	description	Description. Maxilla: One fragment of a right maxilla is preserved. The specimen HLMD-Ez 1990 (Fig. 12 C, D) represents the posterior region of the maxilla. The lateral surface of this specimen is completely smooth. This maxillary fragment bears eight tooth positions with five teeth still attached). The nasal process is partly preserved. Note, however, that the dorsoventral height of the posteriorly located posteroventral process of the maxilla is still significant. Thus, it forms the wall along the entire length of the process here rather than narrowing posteriorly into a tip. Moreover, the shallow notch is developed posteriorly between the dental crest supporting teeth and the dorsally located wall. Although the posterior portion of this dorsal wall is broken off, it can be estimated that, when completely preserved, it exceeds the dental part posteriorly. The dorsal margin of the posteroventral process is slightly damaged, but this portion has a thicker appearance than the ventrally located region possessing a longitudinal depression. This depression partly forms a jugal facet. The ventrally located supradental shelf is thin and expands laterally. It is dorsally convex, but only a small portion is completely preserved. No alveolar superior foramen is preserved here. This highlights a possible anterior position of this foramen. Dentary: The description is based on several fragments (Fig. 12 E-H), most of which represent more-or-less anterior sections. The most complete specimen bears 20 tooth positions; however, its posterior region is broken off. The real tooth number is undoubtedly slightly higher. The dentary is slender, anteroposteriorly elongated. The bone gradually narrows anteriorly. In dorsal view, its anterior portion has a small medial curvature. The otherwise smooth lateral surface is pierced by several labial foramina located in the mid-portion of the bone. In medial view, the Meckel's groove is narrow, but entirely open. The subdental shelf is medially protruded and robust, especially in the anterior region. It narrows posteriorly because of the presence of the splenial articulation facet. The symphysis is small, rectangular and somewhat narrow. Dentition: The tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are conical and high. They are closely spaced with small interdental gaps. The tooth crowns are mediolaterally compressed. Thus, the necks have a slightly lingually enlarged appearance. The tooth crowns have blunt apices. In medial view, they have a labial and lingual cusp. The lingual side, bordered by the culmen lateralis posterior and anterior, has striation formed by apicobasal ridges. They are more-or-less parallel to each other and their number usually varies from around five to eight. The labial aspect of the teeth appears smooth. Resorption pits pierce the tooth bases of some teeth.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DDEF56F32388509D976C3F81193F708E.taxon	description	Fig. 11 A, B	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DDEF56F32388509D976C3F81193F708E.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One frontal HLMD-Ez 1960.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DDEF56F32388509D976C3F81193F708E.taxon	description	Description. Frontal: The frontal is partly preserved. Only its posterior region around the parietal foramen (sensu Gauthier et al. 2012: character 105) is available. The dorsal surface possesses well-developed ornamentation formed by large, robustly developed, and distinctly pustular protuberances (Fig. 11 A). Only four are preserved (note, however, most of the dorsal surface of two of them is damaged). In the posterior region, the protuberances are large and somewhat anteroposteriorly elongated. They appear to be moderately spaced with a more-or-less complex structure (somehow resembling gomphothere molars). The internal surface of the frontal (Fig. 11 B) is pierced by a small, elliptical foramen. It opens a canal that continues anterodorsally (note that the preserved dorsal surface is not pierced by it). Lateral to it, rounded, dorsally sloped ridges are well-developed. They form the border between the central, bulged region with its central shallow longitudinal depression and two additional distinct depressions located lateral to the central region. These lateral depressions become more distinct anteriorly, being gradually more recessed (in other words, the central region is deeper relative to the lateral areas). In the central region, another hole is preserved, which was most probably caused by damage.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E2E43B1519BD58FF8F35CB6C017B9BF1.taxon	description	Fig. 11 C-M	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E2E43B1519BD58FF8F35CB6C017B9BF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Two right maxillae HLMD-Ez 1961 - 1962, two left dentaries HLMD-Ez 1963 - 1964.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E2E43B1519BD58FF8F35CB6C017B9BF1.taxon	description	Description. Maxilla: The specimen HLMD-Ez 1961 (Fig. 11 C-E) represents the anterior maxillary section. It bears five small teeth. The fragment is relatively massively built with a slight medial curvature at its anterior end. The bone rises dorsally, but only the base of the facial process is preserved. In medial view, the anterior internal dorsal margin has a rough surface. It can be most likely interpreted as a facet for the premaxilla. The supradental shelf is thin in medial view. However, this structure is well-expanded medially, being broad in ventral view. The external surface of the preserved section of the bone is smooth. The specimen HLMD-Ez 1962 (Fig. 11 F, G) represents a posterior maxillary section - a part of the posteroventral process. It bears four teeth. In medial view, the supradental shelf is well-developed. Dorsally from this structure, the maxilla forms a longitudinal depression; a facet for the jugal is present here. The lateral surface of this fragment is smooth. Dentary: Both dentaries are fragmentarily preserved. The specimen HLMD-Ez 1963 (Fig. 11 H-J) represents the anterior portion of the left dentary. The anterior end of the dentary is curved medially, and a large elliptical symphysis is located here. This dentary fragment bears six teeth, although it should be noted that the anterior tooth is broken off. Ventrally to it, the dental groove is present, being shallow rather than deep. The well-developed and straight supra-alveolar ridge floors it. Most of the ventral portion of the Meckel's groove is damaged. The external surface is pierced by a labial foramen located closed to the ventral margin. The specimen HLMD-Ez 1964 (Fig. 11 K-M) bears only two teeth. Its lateral surface shows well-developed triangular interdental grooves (two are preserved), which incline anteroventrally. Dentition: The tooth implantation is acrodont. Tooth size increases more-or-less posteriorly, but the dentary specimen HLMD-Ez 1964 and maxillary specimen HLMD-Ez 1962 show that at least the last posterior tooth is smaller than the adjacent anterior (probably penultimate) one. The teeth are triangular, with a low degree of tricuspidity - the central cusp is distinctly dominant. The teeth are compressed mediolaterally. The sizes of the inter-dental gaps are small in the anterior region and distinctly widen posteriorly. The large posterior teeth have wide interdental gaps. Thus, their bases are not in contact. On the posterior region of the maxilla, however, the size of the inter-dental gap between the last and the penultimate tooth is small.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CD15718FFDD557F3B94B24C8A583175D.taxon	description	Fig. 12 A, B	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CD15718FFDD557F3B94B24C8A583175D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CD15718FFDD557F3B94B24C8A583175D.taxon	description	Description. Dentary: The description is based on a right dentary that represents the anterior section (Fig. 12 A, B). The specimen bears 13 tooth positions with nine teeth still attached. However, its posterior region is broken off and the real tooth number is undoubtedly higher. The preserved portion of the dentary is more-or-less robust, anteroposteriorly elongated. The bone gradually narrows anteriorly. In dorsal view, its anterior portion has a small medial curvature. The otherwise smooth lateral surface is pierced by several labial foramina located in the mid-portion of the bone (five are preserved). In medial view, the Meckel's groove is narrow, entirely open and gradually widens posteriorly. The subdental shelf is medially protruded and robust, especially in the anterior region. It narrows posteriorly because of the presence of the splenial articulation facet. The symphysis is rectangular.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14.taxon	description	Fig. 6 N-S	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One frontal, HLMD-Ez 2038, seven trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2034, 20 caudal vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2035, nine vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2051, 2052, 2062, two ribs HLMD-Ez 2036, HLMD-Ez 2037, two extremity bones HLMD-Ez 2052.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14.taxon	description	Description and remarks. A single frontal, with a length of 6 mm, displays a flat dorsal surface (Fig. 6 N). In dorsal view, the most anterior portion of the bone possesses an articulation facet with the parietal that is covered by parallel to each other ridges. Comparison with recent similar-sized species shows most similarities with Salamandra salamandra (MJSN-OS 806). However, due to the lack of comprehensive studies of the skull bones among salamandrids, an allocation of the bone to the family Salamandridae is more appropriate. The vertebrae are poorly preserved. They show ophistocoelous morphology partially with complex structures of haemal and neural processes, characteristic of the caudal region of the vertebral column (Duellman and Trueb 1994). On the one hand, the poor preservation and, on the other hand, the poor knowledge on osteological differences of the caudal region in Chelotriton and Salamandra genera (both present in the fossil locality) make it at the moment impossible to identify the vertebrae correctly. Nine small-sized opistocoelous vertebrae are available in the material. They have variable preservation; however, a large number of structures / characters are missing for further identification. Considering the vertebra sizes as well as available similar-sized salamander taxa present in the material, most probably, they represent remains of Lissotriton, Mertensiella or Chioglossa. The juvenile and most distal caudal vertebra of Salamandra and Chelotriton can be excluded because in the former form the juvenile vertebrae are not fully ossified, whereas in the latter the dorsal tip of the neural crest possesses a ornamented surface, which is missing here. Two bicapitate rips are present (Fig. 6 P-S). Their lateral portion does not possess any process, which allows to exclude them from Chelotriton. Most probable, they should belong to the genus Salamandra, which has a similar rib morphology and is represented in the material by large-sized individuals as well.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF.taxon	description	Figs 5 G- 5, 6 M	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four frontals HLMD-Ez 2070 - 2073, four prefrontals HLMD-Ez 2068 - 2069, one nasal HLMD-Ez 2058, seven maxillae HLMD-Ez 2063 - 2065, two squamosals HLMD-Ez 2066 - 2067, one dentary HLMD-Ez 2057, five trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2059 - 2061, ten ribs HLMD-Ez 2053 - 2056.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
14130CC99D4F5FC38573A8624152D9BF.taxon	description	Description. Frontal: All four frontals are fragmentarily preserved. They represent individuals of different sizes. The frontal is widest at its most complete posterior portion. Its dorsal surface is covered by dermal ornamentation (Fig. 5 G, I, K). The bone is slightly bent along its midline between the fronto-squamosal arch (sensu Ivanov 2008) and the rest of the bone. The fronto-squamosal arch projects posteriorly behind the main part of the bone. In ventral view, the partes contactae are reduced and run parallel along the anteroposterior axis of the bone. The braincase roof, located medially from the pars contacta, is delimited by a low crest of a semilunar outline (Fig. 5 H, J, L). Prefrontal: The prefrontals are wing-shaped bones, anteriorly broad and posteriorly narrowing to a sharp tip (Fig. 5 M-N). The lateral margin (margo orbitalis) of the bone forms the anterodorsal wall of the orbit. The anterior corner of the margo orbitalis is pierced by the foramina of the V nerve. In ventral view, the ventral vertical wall separates the margo orbitalis from the rest of the bone. The articulation surface with the frontal bone, located at the posterolateral margin of the bone, is massive and more strongly developed than any other margin of the bone. Nasal: The nasal bone has a nearly rectangular outline (Fig. 5 O-P). All its margins are flat, without any concave outlines. Its dorsal surface is slightly rounded and possesses dermal ornamentation. In ventral view, parallel to the medial margin of the bone a ridge for articulation with the premaxillae is present. Maxilla: only the posterior portions of the bone without dentition are present in the material. In dorsal view, the bone is narrow and a thin-walled horizontal pterygoid process projects lingually (Fig. 5 S, U). In lateral view, the bone surface is covered by dermal ornamentation made of a dense network of small pits and pustules. Posteriorly the bone increase in height. In lingual view, the bone surface is smooth (Fig. 5 R, T). The articulation surface with the quadratojugal bone is located on the posterodorsal surface of the bone. The size and dimensions of the articulation surface vary among available maxillae. Squamosal: Two squamosals are partially preserved. In dorsal view, the HLMD-Ez 2066 is nearly semilunar in outline (Fig. 5 V). The frontal process is curved slightly medially and possesses a vertical and almost flat articulation surface with the frontal. The lateral margin of the bone is rounded. The dorsal surface of the bone is somewhat horizontal and is covered by dermal ornamentation similar to other skull bones. The parietal process (in HLMD-Ez 2067, Fig. 5 X) has a horizontal surface. It is slightly shorter but broader than the frontal process. In ventral view, a medioposteriorly oriented ridge, corresponding to the base of the ventral process of the bone, is visible. Posteriorly from the ridge, the bone surface is moderately concave. Dentary: The fragmentary-preserved dentary is 1.7 mm in height. In lingual view, it shows a very low dental shelf with traces of the tooth pedicles. The preserved portion of the Meckelian groove is narrow and rather shallow (Fig. 5 Z). Another but smaller groove is observable below the posterior half of the Meckelian groove, resembling most probably the articulation surface with the coronoid. In lateral view, the dentary is heavily ornamented by pits and pustules (Fig. 5 Y). A remarkable concave surface separates the portion of the dental shelf from the rest of the bone. Trunk vertebrae: the vertebrae are robust. The opistocoelous vertebra centrum is massive and slightly dorsoventrally flattened. The neural crest is nearly as high as the vertebra centrum (Fig. 6 B, I). In dorsal view, its dorsal surface possesses a flat and (elongate) triangular in outline plate, which is covered by a dermal ornamentation made of deep pits and low pustules (Fig. 5 A, H). This place can be well developed and projects over the neural arch. Anteriorly, the neural crest does not reach the anterior tip of the neural arch (Fig. 6 D, F). The pre- and postzygapophyses are round or elongated and project (latero-) anteriorly. The neural arch between the anterior half of the prezygapophyses has a smooth and convex surface. In anterior view, the neural canal is rounded or nearly triangular in outline (Fig. 6 F). The condyle has a dorsoventrally flattened oval shape. Small subprezygapophyseal foramina (sensu Vasilyan et al. 2017) can be present at the basis of the prezygapophyses. In lateral view, the transverse process is connected with the postzygapophysis by a clearly visible dorsal lamina (Fig. 6 B, I). The posterior alar process connecting the parapophysis with the cotyle is smaller than the dorsal lamina. The prezygapophysis is connected with the parapophysis by a well-developed accessory alar process. A very thin anterior alar process connects the base of the prezygapophysis with the parapophysis of the transverse process. In ventral view, rather large-sized subcentral foramina and rather smaller foramina are visible on the ventral surface of vertebrae. The transverse process consists of para- and diapophysis, which, though located close to each other, are separated by a thin lamina (Fig. 6 B). In posterior view, the pterygapophysis possesses two distinct notches. Ribs: All ribs are fragmentarily preserved. The articulation joints with the transverse process of the vertebrae are bicapitate. Both articulation heads are rounded and connected with a thin bone lamina (HLMD-Ez 2053, Fig. 6 L). The dorsal surface of all ribs possesses two (HLMD-Ez 2054, Fig. 6 K) to five (HLMD-Ez 2055, Fig. 6 M) spines of different sizes and orientations.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
4C4DE3E675CE581E927B25A7B5A632D8.taxon	description	Fig. 3 H-I	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
4C4DE3E675CE581E927B25A7B5A632D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Ten trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2042 - 2045.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
4C4DE3E675CE581E927B25A7B5A632D8.taxon	description	Description and remarks. The vertebra morphology is nearly identical to Mertensiella sp. The following differences from it can be observed on the available material: 1) the lack or extremely poor development of the posterior alar process (vs. rather well-developed in Mertensiella); 2) the anterior zygapophyseal crest is well developed (vs. absent in Mertensiella) (Sanchiz and Mlynarski 1979; Hodrova 1984; Ivanov 2008). The orientation of the dia- and parapophysis, the shape of the pterygapophyses have been mentioned as further characters allowing to distinguish these two genera (Hodrova 1984; Sanchiz 1998). However, due to poor preservation of the material, neither these characters can be evaluated nor any further identification at the species level can be done. Lissotriton Bell, 1839	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
09A843FFFAD65A05800819BD091D6844.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
09A843FFFAD65A05800819BD091D6844.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 76 maxillae HLMD-Ez 2130 - 2135, seven frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2141 - 2144, one prooticoccipital HLMD-Ez 2127, six atlases HLMD-Ez 2116 - 2117, 23 presacral HLMD-Ez 2118 - 2120 and 22 sacral vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2121 - 2123, two costae (ribs) HLMD-Ez 2128, 23 urostyles 2124 - 2126, 58 ilia HLMD-Ez 2136 - 2140.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
09A843FFFAD65A05800819BD091D6844.taxon	description	Description. Frontoparietals: All bones are very fragmentarily preserved, and all of them possess ornamentation made of a dense network of tubercles (Fig. 8 A, C, E). In ventral view, a number of ridges and structures are visible (Fig. 8 B, D, F); however, due to their preservation, any further description / anatomical identification is impossible. Maxillae: All bones are fragmentarily preserved. Their labial surface is smooth and does not possess any ornamentation (Fig. 8 G). Only in (HLMD-Ez 2132), the labial surface is covered by some irregularities. In lingual view, the horizontal lamina has a rounded surface and reduces height anteriorly (Fig. 8 H). Posteriorly, it terminates with a medioposteriorly projecting pterygoid process. The posterior depression is moderately developed. The margo orbitalis is slightly concave. Prooticoccipital: One preserved prooticoccipital (HLMD-Ez 2127) consists of both fused prootic and lateral occipital processes (Fig. 8 I-L). It displays a distinct supracondylar depression. The prominentia ductus semicircularis posterioris is present as a distinct crest. It starts at the base of the lateral prootic process and projects medioanteriorly until the articulation surface with the frontoparietal. A foramen is present at the ventral base of the lateral prootic process. The sulcus venae jugularis is present as a horizontal groove. The fenestra ovalis is massive (Fig. 8 K). The atlas has a dorsoventrally flattened centrum (HLMD-Ez 2116, Fig. 8 N). The neural arch is not preserved. The crista ventralis is well developed. The condyloid fossae are separated from each other by a notch. The opisthocoelous presacral vertebrae have massive, slightly dorsally compressed centrum. The transverse processes project laterally. The neural arch in a small-sized vertebra projects posterodorsally (HLMD-Ez 2118), and the neural spine is clearly visible (Fig. 8 O, P). The sacral vertebrae have one anterior and two posterior condyles with very rounded external surfaces (Fig. 8 X, Y). The neural arch is short. It measures as long as the bases of the transverse processes. The latter widens laterally and project lateroposteriorly. The prezygapophyses in both presacral and sacral vertebrae project laterodorsally (Fig. 8 S, W). The urostyle possesses two condyloid fossae and two lateroposteriorly bending transverse processes (Fig. 8 Z, AA). The opening of the neural canal is rounded. The neural canal opens dorsally behind the transverse processes in the form of a narrow and long strip. The preserved ilia have low or moderately developed dorsal prominence. The dorsal protuberance has a flat surface and shows high variation in shape and size. It can be very reduced in the form of a small protuberance (HLMD-Ez 2137, Fig. 8 AB) or rather well-developed elongate (HLMD-Ez 2140, Fig. 8 AF) or short drop-shaped (HLMD-Ez 2140 - 2141, Fig. 8 AF) structure. It is connected with the lateromedially compressed iliac shaft by a thin lamina which reduces in height anteriorly behind the dorsal protuberance. The acetabular region is well developed. The dorsal acetabular expansion is well-developed and has a triangular outline. The ventral acetabular expansion is rather reduced and widens ventrally, expanding below the ventral margin of the acetabular crest. The ventral portion of the acetabular crest is well developed and projects ventrolaterally. The supraacetabular fossa is absent or, if present, weakly developed. A distinct tubercular fossa is visible in the corner between dorsal prominence and iliac shaft. In both medial (Fig. 8 AE, AI) and posterior views (Fig. 8 AH), a well-developed interiliac tubercle is visible. In posterior view, the ilioischiatic juncture can be clearly divided into a massive ventral and a slender dorsal portions, which are delimited in the medial surface by a deep groove.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CE41F089CBC550E5BEFF8DE94D0DA388.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CE41F089CBC550E5BEFF8DE94D0DA388.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Six vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2047 - 2050.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
CE41F089CBC550E5BEFF8DE94D0DA388.taxon	description	Description. The preserved small-sized trunk vertebrae have opistocoelous centra measuring up to 2 mm in length. The condyle is shorter and slightly smaller than the cotyle. The pericondylar constriction is well pronounced. The anteriorly oriented prezygapophyses have an oval outline. In dorsal view, the neural arch has a weakly-pronounced sandglass shape, where the narrowest part is located behind the prezygapophyses. The posterior margin of the neural arch is either flat or slightly bifurcated. The posterior notch is well preserved and visible on HLMD-Ez 2047 (Fig. 4 E). The neural spine starts behind the anterior margin of the neural arch and reaches the posterior tip of the latter (Fig. 4 B, G). The neural spine is always missing; however, where it is preserved, no ornamentation can be observed on it, and its rather large height can be suggested. The pre- and postzygapophyses are connected by a well-pronounced (nearly) horizontal interzygapophyseal crest, which covers slightly the proximal part of the transverse process (Fig. 4 B). The transverse process is composed of the dia- and parapophysis, which in turn are connected by an osseous lamina along their length. In ventral view, the anterior and poster processes form a distinct ventral lamina of triangular to irregular rhomboidal shape (Fig. 4 C, H). It is pierced by two smaller subcentral foramina near the center of the vertebra centrum. The anterior alar process is larger than the posterior one. The opening of the spinal nerve is visible behind the transverse process at the base of the neural arch. In anterior view, the neural canal is large (larger than the diameter of the condyle) and has a round or slightly expressed pentagonal outline (Fig. 4 D, I). In posterior view, the neural canal is also large and has a round or slightly elliptical outline (Fig. 4 E, J).	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
AFEF638359FC5DC2A34A3DF61AD400D0.taxon	description	Fig. 3 A-G	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
AFEF638359FC5DC2A34A3DF61AD400D0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Five trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2039 - 2041.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
AFEF638359FC5DC2A34A3DF61AD400D0.taxon	description	Description. The vertebrae are elongated and have opistocoelous centra (Fig. 3 B, C). The pre- and postzygapophyses are elliptical and extended anteriorly. The condyle is rounded and has a clear constriction at its base. The cotyle is larger in diameter than the condyle. The neural arch is moderately high. In anterior view, the neural canal is slightly dorsoventrally flattened. The neural spine is high (observable in the rather well-preserved specimen (Fig. 3 B )). The anterior tip of the neural spine is located behind the posterior margin of the prezygapophyses. Posteriorly the neural spine does not reach the posterior margin of the pterygapophysis. The zygapophyseal crest is absent (four vertebrae) or extremely poorly developed. The transverse processes are poorly preserved; however, distinct dia- and parapophysis can be observed (Fig. 3 B, C). The anterior and posterior alar processes (anterior and posterior ventral crests sensu Venczel and Hir (2013)) connecting the parapophysis with the centrum are rather well developed.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
582E10CB531754898341C6ED8194E1C4.taxon	description	Fig. 18 F-J	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
582E10CB531754898341C6ED8194E1C4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Seventy trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2159 and HLMD-Ez 2159 a.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
582E10CB531754898341C6ED8194E1C4.taxon	description	Description. Vertebrae: All vertebrae classified here as " Colubrinae " are preserved in more or less fragmentary state; most are badly preserved. The largest vertebra, coming from the middle trunk portion of the column HLMD-Ez 2159 (Fig. 18 F-J), belonged to a relatively small-sized snake (centrum length measures 4.5 mm, centrum width - 3.6, centrum length / centrum width ratio equals 1.25). It lacks both prezygapophyseal processes and right postzygapophysis. The centrum of most vertebrae is subtriangular in ventral view and slightly longer than wide in the largest vertebrae. In a number of smaller vertebrae, interpreted as posterior trunk vertebrae, the centrum is more elongated. The subcentral ridges are well developed. The haemal keel is distinct and slightly widening before reaching the condyle base. The neural arch is moderately vaulted, not accompanied by any epizygapophyseal spine. The neural spine (partly preserved in few vertebrae only) is twice longer than high approximately. The zygosphenal roof (preserved in few vertebrae) is roughly straight or consisting of three indistinct lobes. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are oval (Fig. 18 G), the postzygapophyseal facets are usually subsquare in shape (Fig. 18 H). The prezygapophyseal processes are damaged in all vertebrae. Remnants of the processes preserved in one (? posterior) vertebra indicate that the apophyses may have been slender and relatively long (as long or almost as long as the prezygophyseal articular facets). The paradiapophyses (usually eroded) are moderately developed, with the dia- and parapophyseal portions of roughly equal length (Fig. 18 I). The cotyle and condyle are slightly depressed dorso-ventrally. The lateral, subcentral and paracotylar foramina are small but distinct.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
BD39D407B73C58FF8E2ED248C3AECE11.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Fifty-seven caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2160.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22.taxon	description	Fig. 18 K-O	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four fangs HLMD-Ez 2157, 50 trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2151 - 5156.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22.taxon	description	Description. Fangs: Four isolated teeth are venomous fangs. They are tubular, with acute distal tips. The discharge orifice, located on the anterior surface of each fang, is elongate and gladiate-shaped. The discharge orifice extends, towards the proximal end, in the form of a visible suture. The latter condition is characteristic of elapid snakes, whereas in viperids the anterior surface of the fang is generally smooth. Relatively small dimensions of the fangs suggest that they either belonged to juvenile / subadult individuals or were replacement (non-functional) fangs. Vertebrae: Most vertebrae come from the middle trunk portion of the column. In the largest (but partly damaged) vertebra (HLMD-Ez 2151, Fig. 18 K-O), centrum length measures 7.1 mm, centrum width - 5.7 mm, and centrum length / centrum width ratio equals 1.25. At least in large vertebrae, the centrum is triangular in ventral view, with a flat or slightly concave ventral surface. The subcentral ridges are well developed, especially behind the paradiapophyses. The hypapophysis, preserved partly in few vertebrae, is thick, strongly inclined posteriorly and shows a straight anteroventral margin. The neural arch is rather depressed. The neural spine, preserved partly in few vertebrae, is approximately twice longer than high. Its anterior margin is straight. The shape of the posterior margin is unknown. The paradiapophyses are well developed with short but distinct parapophyseal processes (the latter is preserved only in two vertebrae). The zygosphenal roof is almost straight or slightly convex in dorsal view. The prezygapophyseal and postzygapophyseal articular facets are relatively small and oval-shaped. The prezygapophyseal process (preserved only on the left side of one vertebra) is well developed, somewhat shorter than the articular facet and possesses also a moderately obtuse tip. The cotyle and condyle are suborbicular or slightly depressed. The subcentral, lateral, and paracotylar foramina are distinct (Fig. 18 K-M). A few trunk vertebrae coming from the posterior trunk portion of the vertebral column are more elongated than those from the middle portion. One vertebra (HLMD-Ez 2154; centrum length 4.1 mm, centrum width is 3.0 mm, centrum length / centrum width ratio 1.4) is provided with a completely preserved hypapophysis. The hypapophysis is dagger-shaped and directed posteriorly.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B.taxon	description	Fig. 19	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One basisphenoid HLMD-Ez 2158.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
29F53A2B83E55FD181D9339FFB7F7C4B.taxon	description	Description. The basiphenoid is fragmentary. Its anterior portion, at the level of the anterior orifices of the Vidian canals approximately, is missing. The maximum width of the bone, measured between distal tips of the basipterygoid processes, is 3.7 mm. In ventral view, the basisphenoid crest is absent (Fig. 18 A, B). The basipterygoid processes are distinct. Their posterior margins are strongly extended posteriorly covering the recess housing the posterior foramina of the Vidian canals. However, a tiny proximal fragment of the left basipterygoid process is broken off, owing to which the posterior orifice of the Vidian canal as well as the cerebral foramen (for palatine branch of facial nerve, VII) are clearly visible in ventral view. In dorsal view, several foramina are visible, distributed typically of higher snakes (Fig. 18 C, D). The paired largest foramina, located at the midway between the posterior border of the bone itself and the posterior border of the pituitary fossa (sella turcica), are posterior openings for the abducens nerves (VI). The anterior openings for these nerves are situated near the postero-lateral corners of the pituitary fossa. The sympathetic nerve foramina (not visible on the right side) are located directly anterior to the pituitary fossa. The paired openings piercing the basipterygoid processes, laterally to the abducens nerve foramina, are tentatively interpreted as the deep petrosal nerve foramina (both visible on the left side only). Seen in left lateral view, an opening located directly above the posterior orifice of the Vidian canal and partly hidden beneath the basipterygoid process, is interpreted as a foramen for re-entry of the constrictor internus dorsalis branch (cid) of the trigeminal nerve (V 4) on its way from the prootic (Fig. 19 E, F). The location of the exit of the latter nerve (either within the basisphenoid or in a suture between the basisphenoid and parietal) remains unknown owing to the damage of the bone anterior to the basipterygoid processes.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09.taxon	description	Fig. 15	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1966, one right and one left dentaries HLMD-Ez 1967 - 1968, 12 dorsal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1969 - 1980.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
DC75F998A42E5025BDD32FDB952ABD09.taxon	description	Description. Maxilla: Only a fragment of the right maxilla is preserved (Fig. 15 A, B). It represents the area around the superior alveolar foramen plus the section of the posteroventral process. This maxillary fragment bears eight tooth positions (one tooth is still attached). The otherwise smooth lateral surface is pierced by the labial foramina - three and a half are preserved. The medial side bears the well-developed supradental shelf. At the level of the fifth tooth position (counted from posterior), the shelf expands medially to form the palatine articulation. At this level, the superior alveolar foramen is located on the dorsal side of the shelf. Only the base of the nasal process is preserved; the rest of the bone is broken off. The posterior portion gradually narrows into the posteroventral process. Its dorsal margin smoothly decreases ventrally without being stepped. Dentary: Two dentary fragments are preserved, both representing only the posterior portions (Fig. 15 C-F). The right one (HLMD-Ez 1967) possesses five tooth positions, where the penultimate and fourth (counted from posterior) are still partly preserved. Except for two labial foramina, the lateral surface is smooth (only one foramen is preserved in HLMD-Ez 1968). The medial surface exhibits open Meckel's groove, which narrows anteriorly. It is roofed by the concave, shallow subdental shelf. The position of the anterior inferior alveolar foramen between the dentary and a splenial can be recognized at the level of the fifth tooth position, but this area appears to be eroded. The alveolar foramen is located at the level of the third tooth position. The intramandibular septum, which separates the alveolar canal from Meckel's groove, is completely fused with the body of the dentary (the free ventral portion is absent). The surangular spine is damaged, so only its root portion can be recognized. The angular process is broken off. The other posterior processes are damaged. The left dentary HLMD-Ez 1968 represents a specimen with four tooth positions - only one complete tooth and the base of another one are still preserved. The position of the anterior inferior alveolar foramen can be still recognized on the subdental shelf. The splenial spine is absent in both specimens. Due to poor preservation of this area, however, this appears to represent a postmortal damage only. Dentition: The tooth implantation is shallowly pleurodont. The teeth are large, well exposed over the dorsal crest, which supports them laterally. They are conical and distinctly recurved. Their tips are pointed. The mesial and distal cutting edges are well developed. The tooth bases are broad, being pierced by resorption pits. In most cases, the pits are located slightly posterior to the tooth axis. The dentary teeth are smooth by weathering (or affected by digestive process of carnivores), the maxillary tooth crown possesses fine but dense striations on both labial and lingual sides. Dorsal vertebra: The description is based on the well-preserved specimen HLMD-Ez 1969 (Fig. 15 G-J). The vertebral centrum is anteroposteriorly elongated. The height of the vertebra gradually increases posteriorly. The neural spine is low, however, its dorsal portion is broken off. It forms a ridge running along almost the entire length of the dorsal section of the neural arch. In dorsal view, the ridge is thin, becoming less distinct in the anterior section. In the posterior third of its length, it is well defined and widens at its posterior end. The neural canal is high and well arched dorsally. The cotyle is depressed, being mediolaterally expanded and broader than the neural canal. However, the maximum height of the cotyle is lower than the maximum dorsoventral height of the neural canal. The pre- and postzygapophyses are well expanded laterally; a well-developed interzygapophyseal constriction is located between them. The pre- and postzygapophyses have elliptical articulation surfaces, oriented more or less anteroposteriorly. The prezygapophyses are inclined from the horizontal plane at an angle of approximately 30 °. The synapophyses are protruding laterally, being square in shape. The condyle, which is well-protruded posteriorly, is markedly depressed as well as the above-mentioned cotyle. The ventral surface of the centrum is flat. It is pierced by two subcentral foramina in the anterior one-third of the centrum. The lateral margins of the centrum have a concave course, running more anterolaterally from the level of the subcentral foramina.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
242FB745A2AA54059E5476329C709970.taxon	description	Fig. 17 A-F	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
242FB745A2AA54059E5476329C709970.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One premaxilla HLMD-Ez 1989, right quadrate HLMD-Ez 2002, left pterygoid HLMD-Ez 2003, two osteoderms HLMD-Ez 2000 - 2001.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
242FB745A2AA54059E5476329C709970.taxon	description	Description. Premaxilla: Premaxilla HLMD-Ez 1989 (Fig. 17 A-C) represents a small element, although with a more-or-less robust appearance. It is almost fully preserved. It is a single, unpaired T-shaped element (note, a groove or break is running through the midline, see remarks). The premaxilla bears seven-tooth positions with three teeth still attached to the dental parapet. The laterally extended maxillary processes are well developed. They are rather short than long. They possess an articulation facet for the maxilla on their dorsolateral surfaces. The fragmentarily preserved nasal process is wide, its external surface is flat. Here, a few small vestiges of osteoderms attached to the bone are present. In anterior and posterior views, the base of the nasal process is laterally constricted. Thus, the lateral margins in the lowest region of the process are rounded, having a cut-out like appearance. Dorsally, this region is wide, having more-or-less parallel lateral margins. The most dorsal preserved portion of the process narrows abruptly again, but the rest of the process - the posterodorsal portion with a termination - is broken off. On the internal side, there is a sagittal ridge running along the entire length of the preserved nasal process. It separates the facet for the nasals on both sides. On the lateral side, the ethmoidal foramen is located close to the base of the nasal process. The supradental shelf is formed by two segments, which are well expanded posteriorly. The dorsal side bears the vomerine process, which forms a small bulge. The short, weakly bilobed median incisive process is located ventral to the supradental shelf.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
D2D1A7637C6653C7A1ADE882A530B128.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
D2D1A7637C6653C7A1ADE882A530B128.taxon	materials_examined	Material. One right dentary HLMD-Ez 1958, one vertebra HLMD-Ez 1959.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
D2D1A7637C6653C7A1ADE882A530B128.taxon	description	Description. Dentary: Only a fragment of the right mid-dentary region is preserved (Fig. 10 A, B). It bears 16 tooth positions that are densely spaced. Unfortunately, all teeth are broken off and missing, except for two preserved tooth bases. The dentary is slender (note, however, that the alveolar crest is high). In medial view, it gradually widens posteriorly and Meckel's groove is fully closed. The ventral margin of the dentary is slightly concave. Besides three labial foramina, the external surface of the bone is smooth. Vertebra: Only one isolated dorsal vertebra is preserved (Fig. 10 C-G). The vertebra is small, lightly built and anteroposteriorly elongated. It is amphicoelous with the centrum pierced by a notochordal canal. On the dorsal surface of the low neural arch, a straight dorsal and longitudinal, almost indistinct crest is present along the surface of the neural spine. The neural spine is weak, and it does not rise dorsally. However, the posterior region of this area is damaged, and the right postzygapophysis is broken off. On the anterior side, a deep and wedge-shaped notch is present (note, that it is unclear how much its contour is a result of potential breakage and / or normal state). Both pre- and postzygapohyses are almost anteriorly and posteriorly directed. The neural canal is large and heart-shaped because of the rounded centrum that is located ventrally. In lateral view, there is an elliptical synapophysis. In this view, the centrum has a concave ventral margin. In ventral view, the lateral margins of the centrum are concave as well. In the central region, a short ridge is developed between the anterior and posterior portions of the centrum. Laterally from the ridge, the surface is pierced by a pair of subcentral foramina.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
0B01793C77475D19B8C02D1DB829440B.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Six angulars HLMD-Ez 2086, eight premaxillae HLMD-Ez 2129, 38 humeri HLMD-Ez 2087, a number of bone fragments HLMD-Ez 2145.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40.taxon	description	Fig. 9 I-W	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2076 - 2078, five ilia HLMD-Ez 2079 - 2081, two angulars HLMD-Ez 2082, 2083, five jaw bones HLMD-Ez 2084, 2085.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
46723D41ED3552F993EF2C528E0E5C40.taxon	description	Description. Frontoparietals are flat and thin. They represent small-sized individuals. The parasagittal ridges are well-developed and build the limit between the flat dorsal surface of the bones and somewhat concave orbital margins. The parasagittal ridges are very closely located near the midpoint of the bone and form a sandglass shape at the dorsal surface of the bone. The dorsal surface of the bone between the parasagittal ridges is irregular and pierced by small foramina (pineal foramen sensu Villa et al. 2016) and pits (Fig. 9 L). Posteriorly, the surface of the frontoparietal table is flat and rather smooth. The irregularities, if present, are weakly pronounced. The parasagittal ridges reach the paroccipital processes posteriorly (Fig. 9 I, K). The latter are not fully preserved. Only their bases are observable, which in turn, possess a crest. A smaller posterior median crest is present along the anteroposterior axis of the bone which starts from the posterior margin of the frontoparietal table. The posterior margin of the bone between the median margin and paroccipital process is arched and forms a " bilobed " outline (Fig. 9 K). The median crest is lower than the paroccipital processes. Judging from the preserved portions of the paroccipital process and posterior median process, a shorter length of the former in comparison to the latter can be assumed. In ventral view, the frontoparietal incrassation, visible only in HLMD-Ez 2077 (Fig. 9 J), representing the posterior portion of the bone, has a round outline with slightly prominent margins. No structure similar to the lanceolate area (sensu Rocek et al. 2015) is observable on the available frontoparietals. Premaxillae, maxillae, vomer: all three bones are fragmentarily preserved and do not allow any detailed description. The preserved teeth and tooth pedicles display diagnostic characters, such as the conical and slightly lingually bent ankylosed teeth. At the tooth basis, large and deep pits are preserved. The bicuspid tooth has a small labial and large apical cusps (Fig. 9 N, O, HLMD-Ez 2084). Angulars: in total, two angulars can be clearly assigned to this taxon. They are elongated and curved bones. The coronoid process is compact and can be oval to drop-shape (Fig. 9 P, Q). Its surface is concave, rather smooth and can possess tubercles (muscle scars). The Meckelian groove behind the coronoid process is broad and opens dorsally, whereas anteriorly, it is open laterally or slightly dorsolaterally. Ilium: The acetabular region of the ilium is robust. The dorsal prominence (sensu Gomez and Turazzini 2015) is not well-developed. The drop-shape dorsal protuberance (sensu Gomez and Turazzinin 2015) is large (Fig. 9 R) and can be weakly to moderately developed (Fig. 9 V). Its surface is rather smooth, and its small posterior portion is located above the anterior margin of the acetabular crest. The ventral acetabular expansion (also known as pars descendens) does not project ventrally, but it is massive in ventral / dorsal views (Fig. 9 R). The dorsal acetabular expansion (also known as pars ascendens), even if only fragmentarily preserved, is moderately developed. The ventral half of the acetabular fossa is massive. The well-developed ventral portion of the acetabular crest projects laterally and contributes to the ventroanterior surface of the acetabular region of the ilia. In larger individuals (e. g. HLMD-Ez 2080), an oval knob-like flat surface is present in the lateroventral cornet between the iliac shaft and acetabulum (Fig. 9 V). It represents most probably the attachment surface for the muscle iliacus internus (sensu Gomez and Turazzini 2015). In posterior view, the well-pronounced interiliac groove and laterally projecting acetabular crest are observable. The iliac shaft is moderately developed, lateromedially flattened and has a rather smooth surface.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
38E0BE8B7F1D57B28D83CAC184CF274C.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
38E0BE8B7F1D57B28D83CAC184CF274C.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four frontoparietals HLMD-Ez 2107 - 2110, 13 squamosals HLMD-Ez 2104 - 2106, one premaxilla HLMD-Ez 2098, 48 maxillae HLMD-Ez 2095 - 2097, 38 fragments of skull bones HLMD-Ez 2103, three presacral HLMD-Ez 2098, 2099, 2102 and two sacral vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2100, 2101, 11 ilia HLMD-Ez 2111 - 2115.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
38E0BE8B7F1D57B28D83CAC184CF274C.taxon	description	Description. Frontoparietals: Fragmentarily preserved remains are covered dorsally with the characteristic pit-and-ridge style sculpture as well as low spines (Fig. 7 A, H). The tectum supraorbitale is moderately broad. In dorsal view, the lateral superior process is longer than broad. The articulation surface with the squamosal is well-developed, concave and oriented fully laterally (Fig. 7 A). Neither incrassation frontoparietalis nor the margins are preserved / observable in the remains. The paroccipital process is reduced, but its dorsal surface possesses a distinct crest. The medial base of the paroccipital process is pierced by the occipital arterial foramen, which is covered dorsally by the posterior margin of the frontoparietal and, thus, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 7 E). The fragmentarily preserved parts of the inferior superior process suggest that it was not longer than the lateral superior process. However, its lateral and slightly ventrally bending can be assumed. The arteria orbitonasalis opens ventrally on the supraorbital tectum (Fig. 7 F). Squamosals: The dorsal surface is covered by a similar to frontoparietal pit-and-ridge sculpture. The bone remains are fragmentarily preserved. Only in HLMD-Ez 2105 (Fig. 7 H, I), an intact posterodorsal process lamina is present, and shows rounded posterior margin. The dorsal and zygomatic processes are broken. However, considering the presence of intact and concave bone margins between the preserved bases of these processes, we can suggest that they were delimited from each other. In ventral view, lamellar structures at the base of the posterolateral processes are observable (Fig. 7 I, K). However, they are incomplete for any further description. Maxillae: The labial surface of the bone is covered by a dense network of moderately deep to deep pits-and-ridge sculpture. The distinct zygomatic process extends posterodorsally and has a rounded posterior tip (Fig. 5 L). The posterior process projects backwards. It is separated clearly from the zygomatic process by a deep concavity and projects much posteriorly. The orbital margin is concave. In lingual view, the pterygoid process projects posteromedially (Fig. 7 M, O). Anteriorly, it is connected with the dorsally oriented lamella above the horizontal lamina. Premaxilla: In anterior view, the pars dentalis is low but broad. Its surface is covered by rugose structures (Fig. 7 P), which recalls the pit-and-ridge sculpture of, e. g., frontoparietal and maxilla. The pars facialis is broken, but its preserved base suggests a L-shaped form. Medially from this process, another shorter and posteromedially oriented process is present. The lateral crest (sensu Venczel 2004) is moderately developed. The dental crest possesses 15 tooth pedicles (Fig. 7 Q). Vertebrae: three presacral and two sacral vertebrae are present. The vertebra centrum is procoelous (four vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2098, 2100 - 2102) or amphicoelous (one vertebra, HLMD-Ez 2099, Fig. 7 R). The HLMD-Ez 2099 represents a small-sized individual that, most probably, does not have fully ossified joints. In presacral vertebrae, the neural arch is high; and the neural canal is large. The foramina for the spinal nerve are present slightly above the posterior bases of the neural arch. In presacral vertebrae, they are visible in lateral view, whereas in sacral ones - in posterior views (Fig. 7 T). The sacral vertebrae have a broad and flattened transverse process. Ilium: Though all ilia are very fragmentarily preserved, the following characters can be observed on the material: the acetabular region triangular; the acetabulum itself has round outline; the dorsal prominence low and covered by rare irregular structures; the dorsal protuberance absent; the moderately deep spiral groove extends from ventrolateral to dorsomedial direction in the region of the fusion of iliac shaft and acetabulum (Fig. 7 W - AA); in medial view, the ilioischiatic juncture is covered by elongated striae (Fig. 7 Z); the dorsal acetabular expansion larger than the ventral one.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
55CA5F0BEC5059229155D98C555AF7BF.taxon	description	Fig. 9 A-D	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
55CA5F0BEC5059229155D98C555AF7BF.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four ilia HLMD-Ez 2088 - 2091.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
55CA5F0BEC5059229155D98C555AF7BF.taxon	description	Description. All ilia are fragmentary. The iliac shaft and most proximal portions are missing. The dorsal prominence is well developed; it is high, in lateral view projects anterodorsally, whereas in posterior view, it has a medially curved outline. The dorsal protuberance is massive, drop-shaped, with a rounded surface (Fig. 9 D). The supraacetabular fossa is moderately developed and located posteriorly from the ventral base of the dorsal prominence. The acetabular ridge is ventrally significantly higher than dorsally (Fig. 9 C, D). The iliac shaft is rather thin and round in cross-section. The iliac shaft and the dorsal prominence are connected by a high and thin bone lamina.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
003739346CB55964AA298E739A26F7CC.taxon	description	Fig. 9 E-H	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
003739346CB55964AA298E739A26F7CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Three ilia HLMD-Ez 2092 - 2094.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
003739346CB55964AA298E739A26F7CC.taxon	description	Description. The best-preserved ilium (HLMD-Ez 2094, Fig. 9 G, H) shows a well-developed (rather narrow and high) dorsal acetabular expansion and a reduced (broad and low) ventral acetabular expansion. The dorsal prominence is not very high. It is oriented rather anteriorly than anterodorsally. The dorsal protuberance has an oval outline. Its surface is either smooth (HLMD-Ez 2094, Fig. 9 G) or possesses muscle scars (HLMD-Ez 2093, Fig. 9 E). The iliac shaft is rather thin and round in cross-section. A low and thin bone lamina connects the iliac shaft and the dorsal prominence. In posterior view, the dorsal prominence projects laterodorsally. The ilioischiatic juncture is narrow (Fig. 9 H).	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E98A52C3962F59E4A46D5DFC409A03D6.taxon	description	Fig. 5 A-F	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E98A52C3962F59E4A46D5DFC409A03D6.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Five trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2029 - 2033.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
E98A52C3962F59E4A46D5DFC409A03D6.taxon	description	Description. The vertebrae are opistocoelous and dorsoventrally flattened. They are large in size (5 - 7 mm). In dorsal view, the neural arch is broad and has an outline of a rectangle (HLMD-Ez 2029, Fig. 5 A) or square (HLMD-Ez 2031, Fig. 5 F). The prezygapophyses have round outlines and project anterolaterally. The neural arch between the prezygapophysese is flat. The neural spine starts behind this short flat surface and posteriorly does not reach the posterior tip of the pterygapophysis. In lateral view, the neural spine is low. It is highest at its middle point. The posterior margin of the pterygapophysis can be bifurcated. Its posterior surface possesses two distinct notches of variable sizes and dimensions. In anterior view, the neural canal is dorsoventrally flattened. In HLMD-Ez 2029, the bases of the prezygapophyses are pierced by the subzygapophyseal (sensu Vasilyan et al. 2017) or anterior (sensu Tissier et al. 2015) foramen. Other vertebrae do not have this character. The arterial canal with large and / or smaller openings runs across the base of the transverse process. The latter is fully preserved only in HLMD-Ez 2029. It projects posterolaterally and is composed of dia- and parapophysis, which are connected with a thin lamina at their medial half (Fig. 5 B); otherwise, they are free laterally. Additionally, the parapophysis is connected with the centrum anteriorly and posteriorly by anterior and posterior alar processes, respectively. They build a triangular-shaped lamina (Fig. 5 C). In lateral view, a well-pronounced horizontal interzygapophyseal ridge connects the prezygapophysis with diapophysis, whereas the horizontal dorsal lamina connects the diapophysis with postzygapophysis. The centrum is flattened dorsoventrally and arched.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Based on the locality Echzell in Germany - one of two known localities, where this taxon occurred.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anguine lizard distinguishable from Anguis, Pseudopus and Ophisaurus by two autapomorphic features: the parietal table gradually expands laterally in the anterior direction in an extreme way; thus, it appears to be distinctly constricted at the level of the parietal foramen or slightly posterior to it. The lateral margins of the table markedly diverge anterolaterally from this point, inclining at an angle of about 30 ° from the median plane. Posteriorly located lateral margins diverge gradually posterolaterally and continue to more-or-less straight supratemporal processes. Due to the lateral expansion of the parietal table, the anterolateral corner of the parietal table reaches further laterally than the supratemporal process. The ornamented surface on the dorsal side of the bone gradually widens anteriorly as well (in contrast to being rectangular); the parietal cranial crests diverge in the anterior direction to form a V that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally (the anteriormost section of the crests bents laterally rather than medially). Besides these two autapomorphic features, this taxon is characterized by the unique combination of the following characters: (1) the occipital shield is large, its anteroposterior length is longer than the length of the posteriorly located smooth area; (2) a narrow muscular surface is present; (3) a short postfoveal crest is present; (4) anterior end of the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the floor of the parietal fossa. The parietal crest is sharp in the area of the junction; (5) the virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here; (6) the supratemporal process has a smooth ventrolateral surface, which fluently continues anteriorly to the muscular surface of the parietal table; and (7) the supratemporal process is straight.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025.taxon	description	Description. Parietal: The parietal UMJGP 204.749 (Fig. 13 A, B) from Gratkorn is fairly preserved, whereas HLMD-Ez 1965 (Fig. 13 C, D) from Echzell represents the posterior half of the parietal table, with the left supratemporal process being, however, only partly preserved. The description is therefore based mostly on the holotype UMJGP 204.749. The ornamented surface of several fused headshield osteoderms covers most of the parietal table. The ornamentation consists of well-developed foramina and pits of various sizes, being densely distributed. At the periphery of the ornamented surface, radiated grooves and ridges are developed. The interparietal shield is well recognized in both specimens. This region is pierced by the large anteroposteriorly elongated parietal foramen. Unfortunately, its anterior margin is not preserved. The occipital shield is very large. Its anteroposterior length is twice as long as the length of the posteriorly located smooth area. The parietal notch is well developed. The lateral (= parietal) shields are preserved (but note that the almost entire lateral margins of the parietal table in HLMD-Ez 1965 are damaged). The arcuate edge runs on the dorsal surface of the bases of the supratemporal processes and diminishes laterally. The right supratemporal process is almost completely preserved, being straight. The parietal table extremely widens anteriorly - so it appears to be distinctly constricted at the level of the parietal foramen or slightly posterior to it. Thus, the lateral margins of the table markedly diverge anterolaterally from this point, inclining at an angle of about 30 ° from the median plane. Due to the lateral expansion of the parietal table, the anterolateral corner of the parietal table reaches further laterally than the supratemporal process. The anterolateral corners protrude into anterolateral processes. The ornamented surface is not rectangular but gradually widens anteriorly as well. The anterior end of the interparietal sulcus lies medial to the anterolateral corner of the ornamented surface. On the ventral surface, many diagnostic features can be recognized. The oval parietal fossa is small, located in the central posteriormost region of the parietal table. The short postfoveal crests are well developed. In ventral view, both cranial crests are preserved, especially the complete right one, including the anterior portions missing in the Echzell specimen. The cranial crests are sharp. They diverge anteriorly, forming a V-shaped outline that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally. The muscular surface is narrow, but present. The virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here. The ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process is well developed and preserved on the right side in UMJGP 204.749 and left side in HLMD-Ez 1965. Its anterior end joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the parietal fossa. The cranial crest is sharp in this region. The root portion of the supratemporal process is broad. The other distal portion distinctly narrows posteriorly. The ventrolateral ridge is well developed. The supratemporal articulation extends anteriorly, being well visible on the lateral surface of the supratemporal process. Anteriorly to it, between the most anterior portion of the ventrolateral ridge and the anterolateral margin of the supratemporal process, a short ventrolateral surface can be recognized. This surface lies posterior to the parietal cranial crest-supratemporal process junction (note that it is broadly damaged in the Echzell specimen).	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477.taxon	description	Fig. 16	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1981 - 1984, 73 osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 - 1987 (figured ones), HLMD-Ez 1988 (the remaining osteoderms).	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477.taxon	description	Description. Caudal vertebra: The caudal vertebrae (Fig. 16 A-E) are elongate and narrow. Both pre- and postzygapophyses are small; thus, there is a typical tendency toward the elongation of the centra in caudal vertebrae and a relative reduction of all processes. The cotyle and condyle are dorsoventrally depressed. The neural canal is a tunnel-like structure here. The haemapophyses are fused to the posterior portion of the centrum, but, unfortunately, their ends are broken off. Only the bases of the anteroventrally oriented transverse processes (pleurapophyses) are preserved, being dorsoventrally slightly flattened. They are pierced by a foramen. The distal portions are, however, broken off. The neural spine is posterodorsally oriented, rather slim and pointed. The transverse autotomic split is present.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
66DBAC088DC3551381E87150A41906F2.taxon	description	Fig. 13	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
66DBAC088DC3551381E87150A41906F2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We name this genus in honour of American paleoherpetologist Krister T. Smith for his valuable contributions to vertebrate paleontology and particularly to squamate morphology and evolution; and from Greek σαύρα [saura], lizard.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
66DBAC088DC3551381E87150A41906F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for Smithosaurus echzellensis, the only known species.	en	Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew, Moers, Thomas (2022): Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany. Fossil Record 25 (1): 99-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781
