taxonID	type	description	language	source
2E311B2FB1AB57AABF84D3A227823BBA.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
2E311B2FB1AB57AABF84D3A227823BBA.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PERU - Loreto • near Iquitos, Mishayacu; 100 m; Feb. - Mar. 1930; fl.; Klug 988; holotype: F [No. 612612]; isotypes: NY [00133128], US [0013820].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
2E311B2FB1AB57AABF84D3A227823BBA.taxon	description	Description. Shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall, sparsely branched; terminal branchlets terete or slightly laterally compressed, 2.5 - 3.0 mm in diam., glabrous, soon covered with a greyish-beige thin bark. Stipules free, interpetiolar, 2 - 5 mm long, bifid at apex, each lobe deltoid to lanceolate, 1 - 2 mm wide at base, acute to acuminate, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 1.5 - 3.0 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic, oblong-elliptic oblong-lanceolate, 19 - 34 x 5.5 - 15 cm, acute at base, acuminate at apex, chartaceous to papyraceous when dry, entirely glabrous, drying olive-green; midrib and secondary veins slightly prominent on the upper side; secondary veins 9 - 12 on each side of the midrib, ascending and forming loops away from the margin; intersecondary veins 2 - 3 between each couple of secondary veins, terminating far from the margin; tertiary veins reticulate, sparse. Inflorescences terminal, erect, spiciform, 7 - 20 cm long, with (6 -) 7 - 9 multiflorous glomerules, rachis minutely puberulous; peduncle 1.0 - 8.7 cm long; bracts subtending each glomerule shallowly ovate to broadly deltoid, 1 - 2 mm long. Flowers 5 - merous, sessile (heterostylous?). Hypanthium glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Disk 5 - sulcate laterally. Calyx cupuliform, 1.0 - 2.2 mm long, minutely puberulous, margin truncate, undulate or shallowly denticulate, ciliate. Corolla hypocrateriform, white; tube cylindrical, 4.5 - 7.0 mm long, 1.5 - 1.7 mm wide, granular-puberulous outside, glabrous inside; lobes imbricate, 3.5 - 4.5 x 1.4 - 1.7 mm, reflexed at anthesis, internally appendiculate, granular-puberulous outside, glabrous inside; appendages linear, 1.5 - 2.0 mm long. Stamens inserted at 1.0 - 1.5 mm from base of corolla tube, included; filaments 1.1 - 1.3 mm long; anthers linear, 2.3 - 2.5 x 0.2 - 0.3 mm. Style as long as corolla tube (branch tips barely exserted), ca 4.5 - 7.0 mm long, style branches linear, 1.3 - 1.5 mm long. Fruits drupaceous, fleshy, red to pink when immature (one collection reported as " white "), turning dark blue to black at maturity, interior spongy-white, ellipsoid to subglobose, 13 - 14 x 9 - 10 mm when fresh, 7 - 16 x 5 - 12 mm when dry, glabrous, sessile. Pyrenes 2, thin-walled, plano-convex, elliptic to narrowly elliptic in outline, 9 - 10 x 7 - 8 mm, dorsal side smooth (i. e. without ridges), ventral side flat (without longitudinal furrow), with a pore with a raphal plug, sometimes with short basal marginal slits. Seeds with a deep T-shaped ventral groove in cross-section.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
2E311B2FB1AB57AABF84D3A227823BBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs sporadically in Amazonian Peru, Colombia, Brazil (Acre, Amapa, Amazonas, Para, Rondonia), and French Guiana.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
2E311B2FB1AB57AABF84D3A227823BBA.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. FRENCH GUIANA • Approuague River Basin, Riviere Kourouai; 4 ° 15 ' N, 52 ° 01 ' W; 120 m; 9 Jul. 2008; fr.; Gonzalez 1368; BR, CAY, L, MO, NY, P, US • Monts Tumuc-Humac, Sommet en Cloche; 2 ° 13 ' 40 " N, 54 ° 28 ' 10 " W; 12 Mar. 2015; fl.; Gonzalez 3281; BR, CAY. BRAZIL - Acre • Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Branco, ca 25 km from Rio Jurua, secondary forest with canopy 30 - 35 m tall; 7 ° 45 ' S, 72 ° 17 ' W; 240 m; 22 Nov. 2001; fl.; Delprete et al. 8045; NY, UFACPZ, additional duplicates at UFACPZ to be distributed • Mun. Cruzeiro do Sul, road Cruzeiro do Sul-Rio Branco, road to Canela Fina, ca 7 km from 3 - way junction at 5 km N of Cruzeiro do Sul; 7 ° 32 ' 44 " S, 72 ° 44 ' 31 " W; 220 m; 23 Nov. 2001; fl.; Delprete et al. 8078; NY, UFACPZ, additional duplicates at UFACPZ to be distributed. - Amapa • Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, cabeceiras do Rio Amapari, margem esquerdo do Rio Anacui, trilha 1, floresta de terra firme; 6 Mar. 2006; fl.; Hamada et al. 139; INPA, MO n. v. - Amazonas • Distrito Agropecuario, Fazenda Porto Alegre, Reserva 3402 (Cabo Frio) of the WWF / INPA MCS project; 2 ° 25 ' 25 " S, 59 ° 54 ' 38 " W; 50 - 125 m; 1 Apr. 1989; fr.; Aquino et al. 3; INPA • Basin of Rio Jurua, near mouth of Rio Embira (tributary of Rio Tarauaca); 7 ° 30 ' S, 70 ° 15 ' W; 6 Jun. 1933; fr.; Krukoff 4682; K, M, MO • Basin of Rio Jurua, near mouth of Rio Embira; 17 Jun. 1933; fr.; Krukoff 4900; M, MO, NY, US. - Para • Igarape das Pedras, Cataractam Furnas, Rio Tapajoz; 30 Dec. 1917; fl.; Ducke s. n. (MG 16859, RB 23125); B destroyed (photo at F), RB. - Rondonia • ca 4 km ENE along rd to Sao Sebastiao off BR- 364, terra firme forest; 24 May 1984; fr.; Frame 160; INPA, MO n. v., NY • Estrada Porto Velho-Cuiaba, BR- 364, km 171, mata de terra firme; 6 Feb. 1983; fr.; Freitas et al. 13; INPA • Itapua do Oeste, Floresta Nacional do Jamari, parcela convenio NYBG-RON; 9 ° 15 ' 6 " S, 62 ° 54 ' 38 " W; 23 Apr. 2015; fr.; Medeiros et al. 1692; MO n. v., NY, RON. COLOMBIA - Caqueta • Araracuara, trocha Yari; 0 ° 25 ' S, 72 ° 20 ' W; 200 m; 23 Jan. 1989; fl.; Gentry & Sanchez 65001; COL, MO n. v. PERU - Loreto • Maynas Prov., Dtto. Amazonas, Explornapo Camp, cerca de Sucusari, a lo largo del Rio Napo; 3 ° 20 ' S, 72 ° 55 ' W; 100 - 140 m; 15 Feb. 1991; fl.; Pipoly et al. 12979; MO • Chacra Canama, Requena; 7 Dec. 1962; fl.; Schunke Vigo 6243; K • Prov. Requena, Jenaro Herrera; 4 ° 50 ' S, 73 ° 45 ' W; 170 m; 5 Jul. 1981; fr.; Vasquez et al. 2192; MO • carretera Nauta-Iquitos km 5; 4 ° 29 ' S, 73 ° 35 ' W; 28 Mar. 1987; fr.; Vasquez & Arevalo 8984; P • Iquitos, Asociacion Agraria Paujil; 4 ° 10 ' S, 73 ° 20 ' W; 2 Jul. 1988; fr.; Vasquez & Jaramillo 10837; P • Allpahuayo, Estacion Experimental del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana; 2 Jun. 1990; fr.; Vasquez & Jaramillo 14029; P.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
5B51922EDEEF55268886286BCAFA6E1A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL - Amapa • Araguari River, Camp 12; 1 ° 11 ' N, 52 ° 08 ' W; 30 Sep. 1961; fl.; Murca Pires et al. 51371; holotype: NY [00132598].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
5B51922EDEEF55268886286BCAFA6E1A.taxon	description	Description. Shrub, 0.5 - 1.0 m tall, or treelet 2 - 5 m tall, glabrous; terminal branchlets terete, 2 - 4 mm in diam., soon covered with a greyish bark. Stipules shortly sheathing, truncate to very broadly ovate, 1 - 4 x 4.0 - 5.5 mm, entire and obtuse at apex, glabrous, soon corky and fragmenting. Leaves with petioles 0.7 - 2.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic, to oblong-oblanceolate, 11 - 25 x 3.5 - 7.5 cm, acute-decurrent at base, acute and acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 0.5 - 1.5 cm long, subcoriaceous to coriaceous when fresh, drying papyraceous to subcoriaceous, grey-green to olive brown, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 13 - 25 on each side of midrib, weakly ascending and hardly more prominent than the intersecondary veins, arching at 0.5 - 1.0 mm from the margin; intersecondary veins (1 -) 2 - 3 between each couple of secondary veins, terminating far from the margin; tertiary veins obsolete; domatia absent. Inflorescence compact-paniculate at early stage, expanding and becoming obviously paniculate at later stage, many-flowered, pedunculate; peduncles 4.5 - 9.5 cm long, glabrous or with distal portion puberulous, drying olive green to pale brown; secondary branches verticillate, 2 - 4 per node, 0.7 - 3.0 cm long, glabrous to puberulous, terminating into cymules; outer branches of cymules with bracts; bracts 2 - 5 in each cymule, subequal to unequal, narrowly elliptic to linear, longer ones 7 - 17 x 1 - 2 mm, shorter ones 4.0 - 4.5 x 0.7 - 1.2 mm, persistent or tardily caducous, drying olive green to brown, glabrous. Flowers 5 - merous, (heterostylous?), sessile or with pedicel <0.5 mm long during anthesis, elongating to 1 - 5 mm long at fruiting stage. Hypanthium narrowly obovoid, 0.7 - 1.0 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Calyx cupular, 0.7 - 1.3 mm long, truncate or minutely denticulate, glabrous. Corolla infundibuliform, 14.5 - 16 mm long, glabrous, white (" orange " according to Pires et al. 51371), tube narrowly obconical, 11 - 12 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at base, 3.5 - 4.0 mm wide at mouth, glabrous outside and inside; lobes lanceolate, 3.0 - 3.5 x 1.2 - 1.3 mm, acute at apex, glabrous, bearing dorsal linear cornicula 0.3 - 0.7 mm long. Stamens inserted just below the corolla mouth, filaments 0.5 mm long, anthers subsessile, half-exserted, narrowly oblong, 2.3 - 3.0 x 0.3 - 0.6 mm. Style glabrous, barely exserted, 14.5 - 16.5 mm long. Fruits elliptic to ovoid, 6.5 - 10 x 5.5 - 8.5 mm, slightly costate when dry, green when young, orange or yellow at maturity. Pyrenes plano-convex, ellipsoid in outline, 6 - 9 x 4.5 - 5.5 mm, dorsal side with 3 prominent longitudinal ridges, ventral side with a shallow longitudinal groove. Seeds with a deep T-shaped ventral furrow.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
5B51922EDEEF55268886286BCAFA6E1A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from northern Brazil (Amapa, Para, and Amazonas states); to be expected in French Guiana.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
5B51922EDEEF55268886286BCAFA6E1A.taxon	materials_examined	Selected specimens examined. BRAZIL - Amazonas • Reserva Florestal Ducke, Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, floresta de campinarana; 2 ° 53 ' S, 59 ° 58 ' W; 13 Feb. 1996; fl., fr.; Campos et al. 481; INPA, MO, NY • Mun. Manaus, Distrito Agropecuario da SUFRAMA, Rod. BR- 174, km 72, depois 6 km W da BR, Fazenda Dimona, mata de terra firme sobre latosolo amarelo; 2 ° 19 ' S, 60 ° 5 ' W; 50 - 125 m; 25 Mar. 1992; fl.; Dick 62; INPA • estrada Manaus-Caracarai, km 125, igarape da Lage, terra firme; 13 Feb. 1974; fr.; Loureiro et al. s. n. (INPA 47925); INPA • ibid., 14 Feb. 1974; fl.; Loureiro et al. s. n. (INPA 47947); INPA • Distrito Agropecuario, Reserve 1501 (km 41) of the Smithsonian / INPA Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; 2 ° 24 - 2 ° 25 ' S, 59 ° 43 ' - 59 ° 45 ' W; 15 Jul. 1990; fr.; Mori & Costa Lima Assuncao 21383; K • Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus-Itacoatiara km 26; 2 ° 53 ' S, 9 ° 58 ' W; 16 Jun. 1994; fr.; Ribeiro & Assuncao 1325; K • Manaus, km 68 da Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, sub-bosque de terra firme; 19 Mar. 1963; fl.; Rodrigues 4985; INPA • Reserva Florestal Ducke, Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26, floresta de baixo, solo arenoso; 2 ° 53 ' S, 59 ° 58 ' W; 3 Feb. 1995; fl.; Vicentini et al. 840; INPA, K, MG, MO, NY, U • ibid., 31 May 1995; fr.; Vicentini et al. 984; K. - Para • Mun. Anajas, opposite to town of Anajas, on Rio Anajas; 31 Oct. 1984; fl.; Sobel et al. 4943; MG, MO n. v.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FB54C6AA5FC854A3A862921AEB861AAD.taxon	description	Description of the genus. Subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees. Raphides present. Stipules interpetiolar, free or shortly connate at base, entire to bifid at apex, rarely multifid (C. ipecacuanha), lacking dorsal appendages, persistent on distal nodes, marcescent, and eventually falling off through fragmentation, leaving a well-developed scar or a persistent hardened basal portion. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate (C. tillettii), short- to long-petiolate; blades ovate, elliptic, obovate, oblong or narrowly elliptic, papyraceous to coriaceous; secondary veins strongly to weakly prominent; tertiary veins reticulate or subparallel; domatia absent, or present as a continuous line of pubescence along midrib. Inflorescence terminal, rarely pseudoaxillary, few- to many-flowered, variously capitate, subcapitate, spiciform, or thyrsoid and branched to 1 or 2 orders; bracts reduced to very large, free to variously connate, sometimes forming an involucre. Flowers bisexual, usually heterodistylous, protandrous, (4) 5 - merous. Hypanthium ovoid to obovoid. Calyx tube extremely reduced or cup-shaped, truncate, undulate or lobed, persistent, lobes (when present) small, broadly to narrowly triangular. Corolla tubular, funnelform to hypocrateriform, actinomorphic, white, yellow, orange, or salmon-pink, tube glabrous or pubescent inside; lobes valvate, oblong-ovate, margin entire, acute at apex, thickened or sometimes with horn-like extensions (C. araguariensis). Stamens included, partially exserted or well exserted beyond corolla mouth; filaments inserted at the basal (C. urniformis), median, or distal portion of the corolla tube, short, equal, glabrous; anthers narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong or linear, round at base, round or apiculate at apex, dorsifixed near middle. Pollen aperturate. Ovary 2 - locular, placenta reduced. Ovules 1 per locule, basally inserted, erect. Disk usually bilobed to the base, sometimes undivided and cylindrical or laterally 5 - sulcate (C. adinantha). Style included or partially exserted, glabrous; branches 2, oblong or linear. Fruits drupaceous, fleshy, variable in colour (yellow, orange-red, red, purple, maroon, blue, white or cream-white, or black at maturity) with 2 fibrous to woody pyrenes. Pyrenes vertical, plano-convex, ovate to elliptic in outline, dorsal side multi-costate, ventral side longitudinally sulcate or rarely flat.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FB54C6AA5FC854A3A862921AEB861AAD.taxon	description	Morphological characters. The main diagnostic characters of Carapichea are the marcescent stipules lacking dorsal appendages, lack of ethanol-soluble pigment in the seed testa, and aperturate pollen of a generalized form, corresponding to Types XIV and XVI of Johansson (1992). The genus is rather variable in inflorescence and pyrene characters, as described by Taylor and Gereau (2013). Most species of Carapichea have a bipartite disk. This character was not emphasized by previous authors and is often not even mentioned in their descriptions, though it is well depicted on illustrations of C. tillettii (Steyermark 1972: 496, figure 70), C. urniformis (Steyermark 1972: 557, figure 74), and C. vasivensis and C. pacimonica (Steyermark 1974, figures 234, 240). Among species investigated for this character, the only exceptions are C. cardenasiana, C. ipecacuanha, and C. panurensis, which have an entire disk, and C. adinantha, which has an undivided, laterally 5 - sulcate disk. We were not able to verify the shape of the disk in C. fimbriflora, C. lucida, C. maturacensis, and C. verrucosa. Among related genera, bipartite disks also occur in some species of Notopleura (see above) and in two recently described species of Rudgea Salisb.: R. glomerulata Zappi & O. Lachenaud and R. itoupensis O. Lachenaud (Lachenaud et al. 2022). Position within the tribe and delimitation of Carapichea. Carapichea has been included in the Palicourea complex of the tribe Psychotrieae s. l. by Andersson (2002) and Lachenaud (2019). This complex has been treated as the tribe Palicoureeae by Robbrecht and Manen (2006), Razafimandimbison et al. (2014), and Taylor and Bruniera (2018), and includes Carapichea, Chassalia Comm. ex Poir., Eumachia DC. [= Chazaliella E. M. A. Petit & Verdc., Margaritopsis C. H. Wright], Geophila D. Don, Hymenocoleus Robbr., Notopleura, Palicourea Aubl. s. l., Puffia Razafim. & B. Bremer, and Rudgea. Phylogenetic studies strongly support the monophyly of Carapichea, albeit with limited sampling (Andersson 2002; Razafimandimbison et al. 2014; Bruniera 2015). The genus appears either as sister to Eumachia (Andersson 2002; Bruniera 2015; as Margaritopsis) or as sister to a clade including Eumachia, Chassalia, Geophila, Puffia, and Hymenocoleus (Razafimandimbison et al. 2014) with low support in all cases.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FB54C6AA5FC854A3A862921AEB861AAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. According to the present circumscription, Carapichea includes at least 22 species that are found mostly in the Amazon basin and the Guianas, with two species (C. affinis and C. ipecacuanha) extending to Central America, one (C. ipecacuanha) extending to the Cerrado Biome of Central Brazil, and a single species (C. lucida) endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The species occur in lowland or lower montane forest habitats (up to 1570 m but mostly below 1000 m), either on drained or seasonally flooded soils. Eight species occur in the Guianas; a ninth one, C. araguariensis, is to be expected there and has been included in the treatment below.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
6D4BDF4879B55BCF972376CD1CABC0B8.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
6D4BDF4879B55BCF972376CD1CABC0B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type. FRENCH GUIANA • pente NE des Monts Galbao, a 10 km au SW de Sauel; 500 - 600 m; 11 Mar. 1975; fl.; Granville 2383; holotype: VEN n. v.; isotype: CAY [CAY 024926, CAY 024927].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
6D4BDF4879B55BCF972376CD1CABC0B8.taxon	description	Description. Shrub 0.5 - 3.0 m tall, sparsely branched; terminal branchlets terete, 2.0 - 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous, soon covered with a pale grey corky bark. Stipules triangular, 2 - 5 x 1.2 - 4.5 mm, free, entire or shortly bilobed for <0.5 (- 1) mm, glabrous outside, villose at the base inside, becoming corky and soon damaged. Leaves with petioles 0.6 - 2.5 cm, glabrous; blades elliptic or slightly oblanceolate, 11 - 22.5 x 3.5 - 7.2 cm, long-attenuate and decurrent on the petiole at base, acuminate at apex, subcoriaceous when fresh, papyraceous when dry, entirely glabrous, drying blackish or dark grey; midrib and secondary veins prominent on the upper side; secondary veins 7 - 10 on each side of the midrib, strongly ascending, arching near the margin (almost reaching it); with 2 - 3 subsecondary veins between each pair of secondary veins; tertiary veins reticulate, barely visible when fresh, prominent when dry. Inflorescences terminal, involucrate heads, 14 - 20 - flowered; peduncle 1 - 3 cm long, erect, glabrous; involucre whitish outside and dark green inside, very shortly connate basally, with two decussate pairs of bracts, both pairs with a basal stalk 8 - 11 x 7 - 10 mm; the outer pair 27 - 44 x 9 - 25 mm, with the medio-distal portion broadly ovate to ovate; the inner pair slightly smaller than the outer bracts, 24 - 36 x 5 - 15 mm, with the medio-distal portion broadly to narrowly ovate to lanceolate, acute to obtuse at apex; both pairs entirely glabrous, persistent at fruiting stage. Interfloral bracts much smaller than the involucral ones, narrowly elliptic, obovate to narrowly spathulate, obtuse at apex, gradually decreasing in size towards the center of the inflorescence, the largest ones 10 - 12 x 1.5 - 5 mm, glabrous, caducous or sometimes persistent at fruiting stage. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, sessile. Hypanthium obovoid, 1.0 - 1.3 x 0.7 - 0.8 mm, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, cylindrical, 0.7 - 1.0 mm long. Calyx shortly cupuliform, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, truncate or shallowly denticulate, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, white; tube narrowly cylindrical, slightly wider at mouth, (15 -) 16 - 19 x 2.0 - 2.5 mm, glabrous outside, shortly pubescent at stamens insertion inside; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 2.0 - 3.5 x 1.0 - 1.2 mm, reflexed, acute at apex, glabrous throughout. Short-styled flowers: stamens inserted at distal 1 / 4 th from the base of the tube; filaments ca 3 mm long; anthers with only the tips exserted, ca 3 x 0.3 mm; style included, ca 13 mm long; style branches 2, linear, ca 2 mm long. Long-styled flowers: stamens inserted just above the middle of the tube; anthers subsessile, fully included, 2.0 - 2.4 x 0.2 mm; style just reaching the corolla mouth or exserted beyond the mouth, 16 - 17 mm long; style branches linear, 1.0 - 1.2 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 8 - 10 x 5.5 - 6.0 mm when dry, orange to red, turning black at full maturity, glabrous, sessile. Pyrenes planoconvex, narrowly elliptic in outline, 8 - 9 x 3.5 - 4.0 mm, dorsal side with 3 - 4 faint ridges, ventral side with a deep narrow excavation for the whole length, + / - C-shaped in cross-section, opening by 4 dorso-basal slits running along the ridges. Seeds entire, C-shaped in cross-section.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
6D4BDF4879B55BCF972376CD1CABC0B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is found mostly in French Guiana, where it is locally frequent in the interior (occurring in most ranges of the Inini-Camopi chain, and in the Approuague basin north of the Nouragues Mountains) with a single record from the adjacent Brazilian state of Amapa.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
6D4BDF4879B55BCF972376CD1CABC0B8.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. FRENCH GUIANA • Sauel, layon blanc vers Limonade; 3 ° 37 ' N, 53 ° 12 ' E; 3 Aug. 1987; Allorge 311; P • Mont Bakra; 3 ° 18 ' N, 52 ° 57 ' W; 475 m; 16 Apr. 1993; fr.; Cremers 13141; CAY [2 sheets], U • Mont Chauve; 3 ° 49 ' N, 52 ° 44 ' W; 150 m; 16 Apr. 1997; Cremers & Crozier 15010; CAY • ibid.; 120 m; 21 Apr. 1997; fl.; Cremers & Crozier 15134; CAY • Sauel, sur le layon vers La Fumee, 500 m avant le plateau La Douane; 3 Feb. 1981; imm. fr.; Fournet 62; CAY, P • Monts Galbao, a 10 km WNW de Sauel; 10 May 1973; Granville 1584; CAY, COL, U • Sauel, 1 km environ au S des Monts La Fumee; 6 Mar. 1975; fl.; Granville 2354; CAY • Sauel, layon ORSTOM du plateau La Douane aux Monts La Fumee; 16 Jan. 1976; fl.; Granville 2664; CAY [2 sheets], P • Sauel, antenne est La Fumee / Nouvelle France, pk 1.2; 5 Mar. 1977; fl.; Granville 2806; CAY • Sommet Tabulaire, versant sud; 500 m; 24 Aug. 1980; fr.; Granville 3596; CAY [2 sheets], P • Massif des Emerillons, zone sud; 250 m; 8 Sep. 1980; fr.; Granville 3773; CAY • trace ORSTOM La Fumee, a 1,2 km environ au N du Plateau La Douane; 3 Apr. 1982; fl.; Granville 5050; CAY • env. 13 km SSW Sauel, 2 - 3 km W of Crique Limonade, Montagne Perinette; 31 Mar. 1983; fl.; Granville 5435; CAY [2 sheets], P • Montagne Bellevue de l'Inini, zone centrale; 750 - 800 m; 23 Aug. 1985; fl., fr.; Granville 7761; CAY, INPA, MG, MO n. v., P, U • Station des Nouragues; 4 ° 03 ' N, 52 ° 42 ' W; 100 m; 6 Aug. 1989; fr.; Granville et al. 11071; CAY • Pic Coudreau, Monts Bakra; 3 ° 18 ' N, 52 ° 57 ' W; 710 m; 18 Apr. 1993; fl.; Granville & Cremers 11788; CAY • Monts Bakra, 1,5 km a l'ouest du Pic Coudreau; 3 ° 18 ' N, 52 ° 57 ' W; 520 m; 16 Jun. 2002; fr.; Granville et al. 14804; CAY • Sauel, Monts La Fumee; 3 ° 40 ' N, 53 ° 10 ' W; 200 - 300 m; 26 Jul. 1987; fr.; Hahn 3634; CAY, U • Piste Sophie, Sauel; 11 Sep. 1962; F. Halle 818; P, U • Station des Nouragues; 4 ° 03 ' N, 52 ° 42 ' W; Jul. 1996; fr.; Hequet 222; CAY • Sauel, Les Eaux Claires; 3 ° 39 ' N, 53 ° 12 ' W; 200 - 400 m; 5 Sep. 2000; fr.; Junikka & Nieminen 3031; CAY • Sauel, Monts La Fumee; 17 Mar. 2014; Lachenaud 1689; BR, CAY • Montagne des Nouragues; 4 ° 03 ' N, 52 ° 42 ' W; Jun. 1989; fr.; Larpin 539; CAY [2 sheets] • Commune de Sauel; 13 Jul. 1977; fr.; Moretti 752; CAY [2 sheets] • Sauel, Monts La Fumee; 3 ° 37 ' N 53 ° 12 ' W; 200 - 400 m; 30 Aug. 1982; fr.; Mori & Boom 14803; CAY, NY • Sauel, La Fumee Oeste; 3 ° 37 ' N, 53 ° 12 ' W; 200 - 400 m; 5 Apr. 1983; fl.; Mori & Pipoly 15511; CAY, NY • Sauel, La Fumee Mountain; 3 ° 37 ' N, 53 ° 12 ' W; 200 - 350 m; 22 May 1986; fr.; Mori & Pennington 18097; CAY, P, U • Station des Nouragues; 4 ° 03 ' N, 52 ° 42 ' W; 20 Jul. 1989; fr.; Sabatier & Prevost 2547; CAY, U • Station des Nouragues, chemin ouest; 9 Mar. 1996; fl.; Solano K 282; CAY. BRAZIL - Amapa • Near Cachoeira Macacoara; 0 ° 53 ' N, 53 ° 21 ' W; 27 Aug. 1961; fr.; Egler & Irwin 46695 [Irwin's collection number]; U, US.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
B058D812FC3C53A48BFE39613F35D999.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
B058D812FC3C53A48BFE39613F35D999.taxon	materials_examined	Type. FRENCH GUIANA • " ad ripam amnis Galibiensis " [margin of the Galibi Creek]; s. d. [Apr. - May 1763]; Aublet s. n.; lectotype: P-JJR [8: 266], designated by Lanjouw and Uittien (1940: 149); isolectotype: BM [BM 001009105]; see Delprete (2015).	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
B058D812FC3C53A48BFE39613F35D999.taxon	description	Description. Shrub 0.4 - 1.5 m tall, sparsely branched; terminal branchlets terete, 1 - 2 mm in diam., glabrous, soon covered with a buff to pale grey corky bark. Stipules 5 - 9 x 1.5 - 3.0 mm, free, triangular to lanceolate, entire or shortly bifid for up to 3 mm, glabrous outside, villose at the base inside, becoming corky and soon damaged. Leaves with petioles 0.8 - 3.0 cm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, 10 - 18 x 3.3 - 7.5 cm, attenuate and decurrent on the petiole at base, narrowly acuminate at apex, rather thick when fresh (becoming papyraceous when dry), entirely glabrous, drying dark grey-green to blackish; midrib and secondary veins prominent on the upper side; secondary veins 6 - 9 on each side of the midrib, strongly ascending, curving towards the margin and almost reaching it; with 2 - 3 intersecondary veins between each pair of secondary veins; tertiary veins reticulate, rather inconspicuous in the fresh state, prominent when dry. Inflorescences in terminal involucrate heads, few-flowered; peduncle 1 - 3 cm long, erect to patent, glabrous; involucre green on both sides, sometimes with a reddish-brown basal part, consisting of two very unequal decussate pairs of bracts shallowly connate at base, the outer pair 19 - 42 x 3 - 10 mm, the inner pair 5 - 20 x 2 - 6 mm, both pairs with a basal stalk 4 - 6 mm long (that of the inner pair much narrower) and the medio-distal portion narrowly ovate to lanceolate, acute to round at apex, glabrous, persistent at fruiting stage; interfloral bracts much smaller than the involucral ones, elliptic, obovate to spathulate, 4 - 6 x 0.8 - 3.0 mm, obtuse to truncate at apex, glabrous, persistent in the fruiting stage. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, sessile. Hypanthium obovoid, 1.0 - 1.2 x 0.7 mm, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, 0.5 - 0.6 mm long. Calyx shortly cupuliform, truncate or undulate, 0.2 mm long, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, white; tube infundibuliform, 5 - 8 mm long, 0.8 - 1.0 mm wide at base, 2.6 - 3.7 mm at mouth, glabrous outside, shortly pubescent inside around the insertion of the stamens; lobes ovate to deltoid, 2 - 3 x 1.5 - 2 mm, reflexed, glabrous throughout. Short-styled flowers: stamens inserted at distal 1 / 3 rd of the tube, exserted beyond corolla mouth; filaments ca 3 mm long; anthers 1.3 - 2.3 x 0.3 - 0.5 mm; style included, 5 - 6 mm long; style branches linear, 1.5 - 1.7 mm long. Long-styled flowers: stamens inserted at distal 1 / 3 rd of the tube, included; anthers subsessile, oblong-elliptic 1.5 - 1.8 x 0.3 - 0.4 mm; style exserted well beyond the mouth, 8.5 - 10 mm long, style branches obovate, 0.7 - 1.3 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 7 - 9 x 5 - 7 mm when dry (8 - 10 x 5 - 8 mm when fresh), vermillion, turning black at maturity, glabrous, sessile. Pyrenes plano-convex, narrowly elliptic in outline, 9 x 3.0 - 3.5 mm, dorsal side with 4 hardly distinct ridges, ventral side with a deep narrow excavation for the whole length, + / - C-shaped in cross-section, opening by 4 dorso-basal slits running along the ridges. Seeds entire, C-shaped in cross-section.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
B058D812FC3C53A48BFE39613F35D999.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to the Guiana Shield, occurring in French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, and the contiguous Brazilian states of Amapa and Para; locally common, but apparently absent from the range of C. galbaoensis (except on the Montagne Bellevue de l'Inini).	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
B058D812FC3C53A48BFE39613F35D999.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. GUYANA • Rupununi District, Kuyuwini landing, Kuyuwini River; 2 ° 05 ' N, 59 ° 15 ' W; 10 Oct. 1992; fr.; Jansen-Jacobs et al. 2844; CAY, U. SURINAME • Tumuc Humac Mountains, Talouakem, Litani River; 2 ° 31 ' N, 54 ° 45 ' W; 6 Aug. 1993; fr.; Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 5924; CAY, U, US • Upper Litany River; 2 ° 27 ' N, 54 ° 48 ' W; 30 Jul. 1993; fr.; Granville et al. 11895; B n. v., BBS, CAY, MO n. v., P, U, US • Sipaliwini, vicinity of airstrip along Ulemari River, 71 km up Ulemari River from its confluence with Litani River; 3 ° 6 ' 17 " N, 54 ° 32 ' 28 " W; 150 m; 29 Apr. 1998; fr.; Hammel et al. 21736; MO n. v., U • Sipaliwini, 99 km up Ulemari River from its confluence with Litani River; 2 ° 58 ' 18 " N, 54 ° 33 ' 14 " W; 150 m; 8 Apr. 1998; fr.; Hammel et al. 21391; MO n. v., U • Lely Mts, SW Plateau; 27 Sep. 1975; fr.; Lindeman et al. 472; CAY, K, U • road Afobaka-Brownsweg, N of Brokopondo Lake; 10 Nov. 1974; Maas et al. 2335; U • flum. Saramacca sup.; Mar. 1903; Pulle 212; U • between Saramacca R. and Goliath Mt.; 9 Jun. 1956; J. P. Schulz 7702; U • opposite Gansee, right bank of Suriname R.; 12 May 1964; van Donselaar 1310; U • W bank of Marowijne Creek (= Gran Creek) near Gran Dam; 20 May 1966; van Donselaar 3435; U • Brokopondo District, W. of Brokobaka; 2 Nov. 1966; van Donselaar 3830; U • ad rivulum Palaime, flum. Sipaliwinin trib.; 2 ° 8 ' N 56 ° 12 ' W; 23 Feb. 1963; Wessels Boer 719; U • S of Tafelberg at the margin of Kappelsavanna; 10 Jun. 1963; Wessels Boer 1532; K, U. FRENCH GUIANA • Crique Grand Laussat; 5 ° 25 ' N, 53 ° 37 ' W; 11 Jul. 2004; fr.; Barrabe 77; CAY, NY, P • RN 2, pk 50; 11 Jun. 1984; fr.; Feuillet 1405; B n. v., CAY, MO, P, U, US • Riviere Itany x Koule-Koule; 20 Jul. 1985; fr.; Feuillet 2480; CAY • ibid.; 21 Jul. 1985; fr.; Feuillet 2504; CAY, P • Montagne de l'Inini; 3 ° 30 ' N 53 ° 30 ' E; 9 Apr. 1986; fr.; Feuillet 3730; CAY, MO n. v., P • ibid.; 11 Apr. 1986; fl.; Feuillet 3843; CAY • Eastern Plateau of Montagne Tortue; 13 Jun. 1988; Feuillet 9974; K, U • Riviere Kourouai, Bassin de l'Approuague; 4 ° 15 ' N, 52 ° 1 ' W; 120 m; 8 Jul. 2008; fr.; Gonzalez 1361; CAY • Mont Itupe-sommet tabulaire - 15, versant W, layon D; 3 ° 1 ' 45 " N, 53 ° 5 ' 28 " W; 600 m; 15 Mar. 2010; fr.; Gonzalez 2158; CAY, MO, P, US • foret a 1 km du saut " S " sur la rive droite du [fleuve] Grand Inini; 18 Aug. 1970; fr.; Granville C- 1; CAY, COL, P, U • Monts Atachi Bacca; 5 Mar. 1971; fl.; Granville C- 125; CAY, P • rive gauche du [Fleuve] Yaroupi, un peu au-dessus de Saut Ouaimicouare; 12 Apr. 1970; fl.; Granville 333; CAY [3 sheets], P, U • Crete des Monts Atachi Bacca; 5 Mar. 1971; fallen fl.; Granville 789; CAY, P • Route de Cacao a proximite de la Crique Boulanger; Mar. 1981; fl.; Granville 4428; CAY [2 sheets], P • Haute [Fleuve] Mana, lieu dit " Bellevue ", rive gauche; 18 Aug. 1981; fr.; Granville 4920; CAY • Sud de la Crique Martin, RN 2, pk 22 environ; Apr. 1983; Granville 5559; fr.; BR, CAY, P • Sud de la Crique Martin, RN 2, pk 22 environ; Apr. 1983; Granville 5560; fl.; BR, CAY, P • Montagne de Kaw, versant nord a 2 - 3 km N de Camp Caiman; 1 Apr. 1984; fallen fl.; Granville 6710; BR, CAY, P, U • route de l'Est, a proximite de l'embranchement de la route de Cacao; 8 Apr. 1985; fl.; Granville 7256; CAY, P, U • Crique Gabaret, bassin de l'Oyapock, Saut Merignan; 3 ° 55 ' N, 51 ° 48 ' W; 13 Apr. 1988; fl.; Granville 10279; CAY, P, U • Monts Atachi Bacca; 3 ° 33 ' N, 53 ° 55 ' W; 9 Jan. 1989; fl.; Granville et al. 10485; CAY, P, U • Camp Caiman, Montagne de Kaw; 4 ° 32 ' N, 52 ° 13 ' W; 11 Mar. 2004; fallen fl.; Granville & Bordenave 15828; CAY, P • Trois-Sauts en face du village Zidock; 21 May 1974; fr.; Grenand 270; CAY • savane-roche [inselberg] Virginie; 6 Apr. 2014; Lachenaud 1725; BR, CAY, MO • route de Cacao juste avant la scierie; 4 May 2014; Lachenaud 1792; BR, CAY, MO • Relais de Patawa, on the Montagne de Kaw road; 9 May 2001; fl., fr.; Mori et al. 25351; CAY, NY • Fleuve Oyapock, chemin Maripa, layon ORSTOM du km 1 au km 2; 8 Jun. 1970; fr.; Oldeman T- 850; CAY • Oyapock, rive francaise face a Mariaflor, station de jaugeage hydrologique ORSTOM; 19 May 1965; fr.; Oldeman 1290; CAY, COL, P, U • rive gauche du [Fleuve] Yaroupi, Saut Ouaimicouare; 15 Apr. 1970; fl; Oldeman B- 3082; CAY • Riviere Grand Inini, au Saut Equerre; 18 Aug. 1970; fl.; Oldeman B- 3508; CAY, P • Route de l'Est, km 53; 25 Aug. 1986; fr.; Prevost 2163; CAY [2 sheets], U • s. loc.; s. d. [1781 - 1785]; L. C. M. Richard s. n.; P • Abattis Cotica, sur le Maroni; 26 Aug. 1961; Schnell 11468; U. BRAZIL - Amapa • Serra do Navio, Orebody slopes and trail to Serra do Viado; 16 Nov. 1954; fl.; Cowan 38335; K, NY, U, US • ibid.; 17 Nov. 1954; fl.; Cowan 38384; U • ibid.; fl.; Cowan 38416; U • immediately east of Colonia Agricola do Oiapoque, about 4 km N of mouth of Cricu River; 3 ° 43 ' N, 51 ° 55 ' W; 14 Aug. 1960; fl., imm. fr.; Irwin et al. 47516; F, IAN, K, NY [2 sheets]. - Para • Rio Trombetas, 4 km S of Cachoeira Porteira; 6 Jun. 1974; fr.; Campbell et al. P 22528 [Prance's collection number]; INPA, NY, U, US. Notes. The chaotic taxonomic history of this species has been summarized in Delprete (2003). It has often been confused with C. ligularis. Steyermark (1972), in particular, reduced it to a variety of the latter (as Psychotria ligularis var. carapichea). It is very strange that he arrived to this conclusion, since C. guianensis and C. ligularis are quite different in leaf venation (reticulate in the former and parallel in the latter) and bract shape (narrower and lacking an unguiculate basal part in C. ligularis) (Figs 5, 6). Delprete (2001) showed that they represent separate species. Taylor and Gereau (2013), in their revision of the genus, also recognized the two species as distinct, and even placed them in different groups, chiefly on account of their strikingly different leaf venation. On the other hand, C. guianensis closely resembles C. galbaoensis, which was until now considered a synonym (Delprete 2001, 2003; Taylor and Gereau 2013) and is here re-established as a distinct species, and C. squamelligera. The three species are almost identical in vegetative characters, and their differences are summarised in Table 2 (see also Figs 3, 4). The dimensions of the involucral bracts are rather variable in C. guianensis. Two collections from French Guiana (Feuillet 3730 and 3843) have the bracts unusually broad, resembling C. galbaoensis, but their basal stalk is shorter than in the latter species, and the corolla is typical for C. guianensis. At the other extreme, Wessels Boer 719 from Suriname and Schnell 11468 from French Guiana have exceptionally narrow bracts, and also differ from the rest of the material in their shortly corniculate corolla lobes; they are provisionally referred to C. guianensis but might prove to be distinct.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
59940E6D0CF35851946EFA1B851A2B0A.taxon	description	Description. Shrub, up to 1 m tall, glabrous; terminal internodes terete, 3 - 4 mm in diam. Stipular sheath truncate to shallowly ovate, 2 - 4.5 mm long, glabrous, persistent. Leaves with petioles 1.6 - 2.7 cm long, glabrous; blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, 15 - 25 x 3.5 - 6.5 cm, acute-decurrent at base, acute and acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 1.2 - 1.3 cm long, drying papyraceous and brown, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 17 - 22 on each side of midrib, with 2 - 3 intersecondary veins between each pair of secondary veins; tertiary venation reticulate; domatia absent. Inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, distally short-trichotomous, peduncle 8.2 - 8.5 cm long, glabrous, drying brown; branches 4 - 6 mm long, thick-fleshy, puberulous, terminating into cymules; each cymule subtended by 1 - 2 bracts; bracts unequal within each cymule, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, the longer ones 14 x 5.2 mm, the shorter ones 4.0 x 2.6 mm, persistent, drying brown. Hypanthium narrowly obovoid, 2.5 mm long. Calyx cupular, 0.7 mm long, undulate, glabrous. Corolla unknown (fallen off). Style 4 mm long, lobes narrowly elliptic (after corolla has fallen off). Fruits unknown.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
59940E6D0CF35851946EFA1B851A2B0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known by two gatherings from the Kamoa Mountains, Guyana.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
59940E6D0CF35851946EFA1B851A2B0A.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. GUYANA • Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region, Kamoa Mountains, 0 - 2 km N of camp on Kamoa River; 1 ° 31 ' N, 58 ° 49 ' W; 240 m; 11 Nov. 1996; fl.; Clarke 3081; MO, US • Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region, Kamoa Mountains, 1.5 km S of Kamoa River; 1 ° 31 ' N, 58 ° 49 ' W; 400 m; 12 Nov. 1996; fl.; Clarke 3136; MO, US.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
F8B1FEFA9E855FED8CE6B71B036D847F.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
F8B1FEFA9E855FED8CE6B71B036D847F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. FRENCH GUIANA [as " Guiana "] • s. loc.; s. d.; fl.; Martin s. n.; holotype: BM [BM 001009103]. Description. Subshrub or shrub, 0.2 - 2 (- 4) m tall, single-stemmed or weakly branched (or rarely trees 7 - 10 m tall in the Brazilian and Venezuelan Amazon); terminal internodes terete, 2 - 3 (- 4) mm in diam., glabrous. Stipules shallowly sheathing, glabrous; sheath truncate to shallowly elliptic; lobes broadly triangular to broadly ovate, 2 - 5 mm long, persistent. Leaves with petioles 0.3 - 3.3 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong-elliptic, (4 -) 8.5 - 21 x (1.5 -) 2 - 6.5 cm, acute-decurrent at base, acute and long-acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 0.5 - 2.5 cm long, sometimes falcate, papyraceous to coriaceous, drying pale olive-green to dark grey-green, glabrous throughout (except sometimes the domatia); secondary veins 14 - 26 on each side of the midrib; intersecondary veins 2 - 3 (- 4) between each couple of secondary veins, terminating far from the margin; tertiary veins barely visible or obsolete; domatia absent, or present as a row of hairs on each side of the midrib below. Inflorescence capitate to subcapitate (shortly branched, ramifications ≤ 0.5 cm when present); peduncle 1.5 - 7.0 cm long, glabrous to shortly pubescent; bracts inserted at distal end of peduncle and sometimes also on inflorescence axes, shallowly connate or free at base, (2 -) 4 - 8, usually decussate, narrowly lanceolate to linear, (7 -) 12 - 30 x (1 -) 2 - 4 mm, pale green or pale orange-green, glabrous, persistent. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, sessile to subsessile, the pedicels elongating to 2 - 5 mm long at fruiting stage. Hypanthium obovoid, 0.6 - 1.0 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, 0.5 mm long, shorter than or as long as the calyx. Calyx cupular, glabrous, tube 0.5 - 1.0 mm long, truncate or with short triangular lobes <0.5 mm long. Corolla hypocrateriform, orange to salmon colored, 7.5 - 13 (- 14) mm long, glabrous; tube subcylindrical, gradually wider towards the mouth, 6 - 10.4 (- 11) mm long, 0.8 - 1.0 mm wide at base, 1.5 - 1.6 mm wide at mouth, glabrous outside and inside; lobes oblong-ovate, 2 - 4 x 0.8 - 0.9 mm, acute at apex, not corniculate, glabrous. Short-styled flowers: Stamens inserted at distal 1 / 3 rd of the tube, anthers partially exserted beyond corolla mouth; filaments ca 0.3 mm long; anthers 2.3 - 2.5 x 0.5 mm; style included, 3.5 - 4.0 mm long; style branches narrowly oblong, 1.5 mm long. Long-styled flowers: stamens inserted at about the middle of the corolla tube, included; filaments 1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong, 2.5 x 0.3 - 0.4 mm, acute at both ends; style exserted just beyond the corolla mouth, 12.5 mm long (corolla tube 10.5 mm long), style branches obovate, ca 1 mm long. Fruits ellipsoid to oblong-ovoid, 6 - 12 x 4 - 9 mm, smooth (slightly costate when dry), orange to orange-red. Pyrenes plano-convex, elliptic in outline, 7 - 9 x 3 - 5 mm, dorsal side with 3 ridges, ventral side with a very shallow longitudinal groove. Seeds with a deep T-shaped ventral furrow.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
F8B1FEFA9E855FED8CE6B71B036D847F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species occurs in southeastern Venezuela (state of Amazonas), French Guiana, and eastern Amazonian Brazil (states of Amapa, Para, Roraima, and Amazonas). It is locally common, at least in French Guiana. It could be expected in Suriname and Guyana, but we have seen no collections of the species from these countries; the type specimen, reported to be from Guyana (Delprete 2001: 399; Taylor and Gereau 2013: 120) was actually collected in French Guiana (see Notes below).	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
F8B1FEFA9E855FED8CE6B71B036D847F.taxon	materials_examined	Selected specimens examined. VENEZUELA - Amazonas • Cerro da Neblina, Rio Yatua, along Upper Rio Yatua between mouth of Rio Yacibo and Piedra Arauicaua; 1 Feb. 1954; fl.; Maguire et al. 37411; F, US. FRENCH GUIANA • Route de l'Est, ca 25 km NW of Regina; 4 ° 23 ' N, 52 ° 19 ' W; 16 Mar. 1994; fr.; Andersson et al. 1989; BR, CAY • Cacao; 27 Oct. 1983; fl.; Billiet & Jadin 1877; BR • Route RN 2 Cayenne-Regina, pk 67, Crique Tibourou; 4 ° 29 ' N, 52 ° 19 ' W; 10 Feb. 1993; fr.; Billiet & Jadin 5733; BR • Extension Nord-Ouest des Petites Montagnes Tortue; 4 ° 20 ' 29 " N, 52 ° 16 ' 16 " W; 30 m; 29 Sep. 2010; fl., fr.; Bordenave & Le Hir 9068; CAY, K, P, MO • Montagne Tortue, Plateau Est; 4 ° 17 ' N, 52 ° 21 ' W; 460 m; 5 Oct. 2010; fl.; Bordenave & Le Hir 9233; CAY • Upper Maroni River, layon de chasse au NE d'Antecume Pata, confluent de l'Itany et du Marouini; 19 Nov. 1977; fl.; Cremers 5077; CAY • Sauel, piste du carbet; 31 Oct. 1984; fl.; Foresta 705; CAY • Monts Atachi Bacca, autour du Camp 3, entre les sommets 525 et 782 m; ca 400 m; 5 Mar. 1971; fr.; Granville C- 128; CAY [2 sheets], P • Monts Atachi Bacca; 3 Mar. 1971; fr.; Granville 752; P • Riviere Petite Ouaqui, rive droite, au niveau de l'ancien village Hubert; 20 Jul. 1973; fr.; Granville 1872; CAY, P • Sommet Tabulaire, zone nord; 2 Sep. 1980; fr.; Granville 3710; P • Monts Bakra, 2,5 km a l'ouest du Pic Coudreau; 2 Oct. 1980; fr.; Granville 4065; CAY, P • Mont Bellevue de l'Inini, central zone, slope near the summit; 23 Aug. 1985; fr.; Granville 7762; CAY, F, INPA, MG, MO, NY, P, U • Region de l'Inini, Mount Atachi Bacca, NW summit, 6 km E of Gobaya Soula, near Camp 2; 10 Jan. 1989; fl.; Granville et al. 10541; CAY, MO n. v., P, U • Montagne de la Trinite, Bassin de la Mana, partie superieure de la pente N du plateau tabulaire; 13 Mar. 1997; fr.; Granville 13318; CAY, K, MO, P, U, US • Montagne Lucifer, SW du plateau sommital; 4 ° 46 ' 30 ", 53 ° 56 ' 30 " W; 520 m; 18 Nov. 1999; fr.; Granville & Crozier 13869; CAY, MO • Monts Bakra, 1.5 km W du Pic Coudreau; 3 ° 18 ' N, 52 ° 57 ' W; 600 m; 18 Jun. 2002; fr.; Granville et al. 14864; B, CAY, MO, P • Monts Kotika, plateau lateritique sommital; 3 ° 55 ' 10 " N, 54 ° 11 ' 10 " W; 730 m; 23 Feb. 2005; fr.; Granville et al. 16922; B, CAY, MO, NY, P, U • Route Cayenne-Regina, km 52; 4 ° 34.638 ' N, 52 ° 23.873 ' W; 9 Jan. 2011; fr.; Lachenaud 1074; BR, CAY • route de Cacao; 4 May 2014; fr.; Lachenaud 1793; BR, CAY • Mont Itoupe, Sommet Tabulaire, Layon D, 2 me sommet; 3 ° 02 ' 35 " N, 53 ° 05 ' 18 " W; 760 m; 31 Mar. 2010; fr.; Molino & Sabatier 2843; BR, CAY, MO • Montagnes de la Trinite; 4 ° 36 ' 30 " N, 53 ° 21 ' 30 " W; 12 July 2001; fl. buds, fr.; Poncy & Crozier 1458; CAY, NY, P, U, US • RN 2 - Cayenne-Regina, km 85.5; 4 ° 20 ' N, 52 ° 18 ' W; 26 Jun. 2003; fl., fr.; Prevost & Sabatier 4742; CAY, MO • Riviere Itany, Crique Petit Marouini, pres de son embouchure; 2 Sep. 1972; fr.; Sastre 1814; P. BRAZIL - Amapa • Upper Jari River, foret primaire humide; 2 ° 28 ' N, 54 ° 46 ' W; 420 m; 20 Aug. 1993; fl.; Granville et al. 12387; BBS, CAY [2 sheets], US. - Amazonas • Rio Curicuriari, afl. do Rio Negro; 21 Dec. 1931; fl.; Ducke s. n.; INPA [No. 16533] • Nova Prainha, Rio Aripuana, RADAM / BRASIL, SB- 20 - ZD, Ponto 10; 9 Jul. 1976; fr.; C. D. A. Mota s. n.; INPA [No. 60607] • Mun. Nova Olinda, Rio Paca, tributari of the Rio Mari Mari, terra firme forest, tree to 7 m tall; 2 Jul. 1983; fr.; Todzia et al. 2299; INPA, MO, NY, US • Mun. Axinim, basin of Rio Abacaxis, lower Rio Paca, ca 1 km from its confluence with Rio Mari Mari, forest on terra firme, shrub 2 m tall; 4 ° 07 ' S, 58 ° 58 ' W; 1 Jul 1983; fr.; Zarucchi et al. 2917; INPA, MO, NY. - Para • Ilha de Marajo, Rio Jipuru, afluente do Rio Anajas; 20 Oct. 1987; fl.; A. Tavares & J. Cardoso 227; INPA, NY. - Roraima • Mun. Rorainopolis, Reserva Popular Xixuau-Xiparina, ilha subindo o Rio Xiparina; 0 ° 55 ' 41 " S, 61 ° 50 ' 26 " W; 25 Aug. 2010; fl, young fr.; Zappi et al. 2902; INPA, MIRR.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
651672BA33905D75A7F70E30BD622B12.taxon	materials_examined	Type. FRENCH GUIANA • sur la riviere Comte, en foret sur la Montagne Soufflet; 12 Jun. 1975; fr.; Granville B- 5288; holotype: VEN [No. 289722]; isotypes: CAY n. v., P [P 06800571]	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
651672BA33905D75A7F70E30BD622B12.taxon	description	Description. Shrub up to 1.5 m tall, branched; terminal branchlets terete, 1.5 - 2.5 mm in diam., glabrous, soon covered with a greyish-brown corky bark. Stipules free, narrowly triangular to lanceolate, 6 - 8 x 1.5 - 4.0 mm, entire, glabrous outside, villose at the base inside, becoming corky and soon damaged. Leaves with petioles 0.5 - 1.4 cm, glabrous; lamina elliptic, 8 - 18.5 x 1.8 - 6.7 cm, attenuate and decurrent on the petiole at base, acuminate at apex, slightly coriaceous when dry, entirely glabrous, drying dark brown or dark olive-green; midrib and secondary veins prominent on the upper side; secondary veins 6 - 9 on each side of the midrib, strongly ascending, curving towards the margin and almost reaching it; 2 - 3 intersecondary veins between each pair of secondary veins; tertiary veins reticulate, dense and conspicuous in the dry state. Inflorescences terminal, apparently erect, in involucrate heads, few-flowered; peduncle 4 - 5 cm long, glabrous; involucre orange, consisting of two unequal, decussate pairs of almost free bracts, the outer pair broadly obovate, 12 - 17 x 9 - 12 mm, the inner pair narrowly elliptic, 11 x 2.5 - 4.0 mm, both pairs erect, obtuse at apex, entirely glabrous, persistent in the fruiting stage; interfloral bracts numerous and much narrower than the involucral ones, linear, acute, ca 9 x 0.5 mm, glabrous, persistent in the fruiting stage. Flowers unknown. Calyx (in fruit) shortly cupuliform, truncate, ca 1 mm long, glabrous, persistent on fruit. Disk bilobed to the base, ca 1 mm long. Fruits narrowly ovoid, 12 x 5 mm when dry, glabrous, sessile. Pyrenes plano-convex, narrowly elliptic to oblong in outline, 11 - 14 x 4 - 7 mm, acute at apex, dorsal side nearly smooth with 3 very vague indications of ridges, ventral side with a deep longitudinal narrow excavation, + / - C-shaped in cross-section, opening by 3 dorso-basal slits running along the ridges. Seeds entire, C-shaped in cross-section. Distribution. Endemic to northeastern French Guiana, only known from the type specimen collected on Montagne Soufflet. Ecology. The type label only reports that the specimen was collected in forest, without indicating the elevation.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FE75C4ECE796534282C72EECB8CBA121.taxon	materials_examined	Type. GUYANA • Upper Mazaruni River basin, Partang River, ridge of Merume Mountains; 1140 m; 1 Jul. 1960; fr.; S. S. Tillett et al. 43946; holotype: NY [0013844], isotypes: COL [COL 000004671], F [No. 1704833, 1704834], K [K 000432817, K 000432818], NY [0013845], P [P 02428007], US [00131318, 00146632], VEN [No. 82283].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FE75C4ECE796534282C72EECB8CBA121.taxon	description	Description. Shrub or treelet 1 - 3 m tall; terminal branchlets terete to slightly quadrangular, 4.0 - 5.5 mm in diam., glabrous, soon covered with a buff corky bark. Stipules shallowly sheathing at base, 3.5 - 8.0 x 5 mm, broadly ovate, glabrous, bilobed or irregularly fimbriate at apex, with lobes 1 - 5 mm long, soon corky and marcescent. Leaves opposite or ternate; petioles 1.5 - 3.0 cm long, glabrous; blades narrowly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 14 - 25 x 5 - 10 cm, acute to decurrent at base, acute and long-acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular to linear, 1.0 - 2.5 cm long, coriaceous, drying olive green above and yellowish green below, glabrous throughout; primary and secondary veins prominent on both sides; secondary veins 8 - 12 on each side of midrib, curving towards the margin and almost reaching it; tertiary venation densely and prominently reticulate in the dry state; domatia absent. Inflorescence thyrsoid, rather narrowly pyramidal, long-pedunculate (expanded at fruiting stage); peduncles 7.5 - 12.5 cm long, glabrous, drying brown; secondary branches whorled, 3 - 5 per node, spreading, 0.4 - 2.0 cm long (0.8 - 4.0 cm at fruiting stage), glabrous except fringes of hairs at nodes, terminating into cymules; cymules with 15 - 22 flowers; bracts 4 - 5 around each cymule, ovate to triangular, 1 - 4 x 0.7 - 2.0 mm, obtuse to rounded at apex, slightly concave, persistent, drying brown, glabrous except a row of hairs at the base inside. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, sessile. Hypanthium narrowly obovoid, 0.5 - 1.0 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, ca 1 mm long. Calyx cupular, 0.7 - 1.0 mm long, truncate or minutely denticulate, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, 8 - 10 mm long, white, greenish-white or brownish-white; tube narrowly obconical to almost cylindrical, 6.0 - 6.5 mm long, 1.0 - 1.5 mm wide at base, 1.5 - 4.0 mm wide at mouth, glabrous outside, pubescent in distal portion inside; lobes lanceolate to triangular, 1.5 - 3.5 x 1.0 - 1.3 mm, acute at apex, glabrous. Short-styled flowers: stamens exserted, filaments 2.5 mm long, anthers narrowly oblong, 1.8 mm long; style included, 2.5 mm long, glabrous. Long-styled flowers: stamens included; style exserted, 8 mm long, shortly bifid, glabrous. Fruits ellipsoid to ovoid or subglobose, 7 - 10 x 5 - 8 mm, costate when dry, dark red or maroon (probably when immature) to purplish-black. Pyrenes plano-convex, elliptic to oblong in outline, 6 - 9 x 4.5 - 6.0 mm, dorsal side 3 - 4 - costate, ventral side longitudinally sulcate. Seeds entire, C-shaped in cross-section.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FE75C4ECE796534282C72EECB8CBA121.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to western Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni and Cuyuni-Mazaruni Regions, on Merume Mountains, Mount Ayanganna, and Mount Wokomung, which are the easternmost extensions of the Pakaraima Mountains.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
FE75C4ECE796534282C72EECB8CBA121.taxon	materials_examined	Selected specimens examined. GUYANA • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Ayanganna Slope; 2 Mar. 1960; fr.; R. Browne 118 (Forest Department of British Guiana No. 7942); NY • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Ayanganna, E face, camp above first of four escarpments; 5 ° 20 ' 19 " N, 59 ° 56 ' 46 " W; 1070 m; 12 Jun. 2001; fl., fr.; Clarke et al. 9062; MO n. v., US; ibid., Clarke et al. 9063; MO n. v., US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Ayanganna, E face, plateau above third of four escarpments; 5 ° 23 ' 12 " N, 59 ° 58 ' 36 " W; 1570 m; 19 Jun. 2001; fr.; Clarke et al. 9350; MO n. v., US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Ayanganna, E face; 5 ° 23 ' 05 " N, 59 ° 58 ' 33 " W; 1545 m; 26 Jun. 2001; fl., fr.; Clarke et al. 9565; MO n. v., NY, US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Wokomung, easternmost pinnacle of massif; 5 ° 05 ' 34 " N, 59 ° 50 ' 13 " W; 1524 m; 30 Jun. 2003; fl. buds; Clarke et al. 10341; MO n. v., NY, US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Wokomung, base of fourth escarpment; 5 ° 05 ' 39 " N, 59 ° 50 ' 36 " W; 1375 m; 4 Jul. 2003; fr.; Clarke et al. 10508; MO n. v., NY, US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Wokomung, Little Ayanganna, summit of highest point of Mount Wokomung massif; 5 ° 04 ' 53 " N, 59 ° 50 ' 26 " W; 1660 m; 6 Jul. 2003; fl.; Clarke et al. 10588; MO n. v., NY, US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Wokomung, summit; 5 ° 04 ' 3 " N, 59 ° 51 ' 42 " W; 1560 m; 10 Jul. 2003; fl. buds; Clarke et al. 10713; MO n. v., US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Wokomung, summit; 5 ° 04 ' 03 " N, 59 ° 51 ' 42 " W; 1560 m; 10 Jul. 2003; fl. buds; Clarke et al. 10757; MO n. v., US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Pakaraima Mountains, Mount Wokomung, summit plateau, from central plateau 1 - 2 km to escarpment; 5 ° 04 ' N, 59 ° 52 ' W; 1500 - 1530 m; 19 Feb. 1993; fr.; Henkel & Chin 1483; MO n. v., NY, US, Mount Ayanganna, east slope; 13 Mar. 2014; fr.; Radosavljevic et al. 146; P. Notes. This species was placed by Taylor and Gereau (2013) in their Panurensis group, together with C. panurensis from Brazilian and Colombian Amazon, but the two differ in so many characters that a close relationship between them seems unlikely. In fact, C. panurensis has several aberrant characters within the genus: almost spiciform inflorescences (the lateral branches being extremely reduced), an entire disk, large mitriform stipules usually with a prominent midrib, and secondary leaf veins forming conspicuous loops far from the margin. On the other hand, C. tillettii has thyrsoid inflorescences, a bipartite disk, stipules smaller than those of C. panurensis and without prominent midrib, and secondary leaf veins looping near the margin. All these characters fit very well with Taylor and Gereau's (2013) Carapichea group, where C. tillettii most closely resembles C. franquevilleana and C. klugii. It differs from these species (which are probably not distinct from each other) by its pyramidal inflorescence with ramifications shorter than rachis (vs not or hardly so), smaller and coriaceous bracts, corolla tube 6.0 - 6.5 mm long (vs 3 mm long), and sessile fruits (vs shortly pedicellate). As noted by Taylor and Gereau (2013), the leaves of C. tillettii may be opposite or verticillate, sometimes with both conditions on the same branch, and the stipules can be bilobed or irregularly 3 - 5 - fid at apex. The locality, altitude, collection date, and field notes of the type collection have been wrongly cited both in the protologue (Steyermark 1972: 498) and in Taylor and Gereau (2013: 123). The type label actually reads " Tree to 3 m; flowers white; fruit dark red; occasional in wet forest along trail, ridge of Merume Mountain, elev. 1140 m. ". This species is not to be confused with Rudgea tillettii Steyerm. (Steyermark 1976: 416), which is a synonym of R. coussareoides (Standl.) C. M. Taylor, Bruniera & Zappi (Taylor et al. 2015). The latter somewhat resembles C. tillettii in general appearance, but its stipules are basally connate into a truncate sheath and bearing dorsal appendages (these soon caducous), its flowers are sparsely arranged (not densely crowded at the apex of inflorescence ramifications) and its disk is entire.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
848119904AB35E35B6166FCEBC5A52E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type. GUYANA • Upper Mazaruni River Basin, Mount Ayanganna, along NE side; 800 - 900 m; 2 Aug. 1960; fr.; S. S. Tillett et al. 45008; holotype: NY [NY 00132855]; isotypes: F [No. 1704839], COL [COL 000004672], K [K 000432825], NY [00146649], US [00146649], VEN [No. 82281].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
848119904AB35E35B6166FCEBC5A52E2.taxon	description	Description. Shrub or small tree, up to 4 m tall, much branched; terminal branchlets terete or slightly quadrangular, 3 - 7 mm in diam., somewhat succulent, glabrous, soon covered with a buff corky bark. Stipules free, oblong-ovate, 7 - 12 x 7 - 9 mm, obtuse and entire when young (apical and distal nodes), later splitting into two lobes at older nodes, each lobe oblong-ovate, 4 - 9 mm long, shortly apiculate, soon corky, persistent or fragmenting. Leaves with petioles 1.0 - 3.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 12 - 22 x 5.5 - 10 cm, acute at base, acute at base, acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 0.7 - 1.2 cm long, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, drying dark brown above and pale brown below, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 10 - 13 on each side of midrib, curving towards the margin and almost reaching it; tertiary veins rather densely and prominently reticulate in the dry state; domatia absent. Inflorescence capitate, short-pedunculate; peduncle 0.5 - 1.7 cm long, glabrous; head included in a large involucral structure, 5.5 - 9.0 cm long, green at base and pinkish-red at apex, formed by the basally fused bracts, glabrous; involucral basal portion urceolate, 2.5 - 5.7 x 2.3 - 3.5 cm, thick and fleshy, distal portion flaring, funnel-shaped, 2 - to 4 - lobed, lobes ovate to broadly ovate, 2.5 - 3.5 x 3.5 - 4.0 cm, membranaceous; internal bracts (when present) ligulate, orbicular to round, 1.7 - 2.5 x 1.0 - 1.7 cm; bracteoles ligulate to linear, 0.7 - 1.5 mm, glabrous. Flowers 5 - merous, (heterostylous?), pedicellate; pedicels 1.0 - 3.5 mm long (5 - 7 mm long in mature fruits), glabrous. Hypanthium narrowly cylindrical, ca 1 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, ca 1 mm long. Calyx cupular, dentate, 1.0 - 1.7 mm long, glabrous; tube 0.7 - 1.0 mm long; teeth deltoid to narrowly triangular, 0.3 - 0.7 mm long. Corolla narrowly tubular, 18 - 31.5 mm long, glabrous, white; tube narrowly cylindrical, 17 - 30 mm long, 1.5 - 2.5 mm wide, glabrous outside, with a sericeous ring just above the base and glabrous above inside; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.0 - 1.5 x 0.7 mm, acute at apex, glabrous outside. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla tube, included; anthers subsessile, linear, 3 - 4 x 0.2 mm, glabrous. Style barely exserted among the corolla lobes, 17 - 34 mm long, glabrous, branches oblong, 0.7 - 0.8 mm long. Fruits ovoid, 6 - 12 x 4.5 - 8.0 mm when dry (" 20 x 15 mm " when fresh, fide Henkel & Hoffman 187), costate when dry, bright blue to bluish-purple. Pyrenes plano-convex, elliptic to ovate in outline, 5 - 10 x 3.0 - 6.5 mm, dorsal side 5 - costate, ventral side longitudinally sulcate. Seeds with a deep ventral furrow, + / - T-shaped in cross-section.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
848119904AB35E35B6166FCEBC5A52E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Mount Ayanganna in western Guyana.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
848119904AB35E35B6166FCEBC5A52E2.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. GUYANA • Potaro-Siparuni Region, Mount Ayanganna, E face; 5 ° 20 ' 04 " N, 59 ° 55 ' 30 " W; 712 m; 4 Jun. 2001; fl., fr.; Clarke et al. 8963; MO n. v., NY, US • Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, Pakaraima Mountains, toe slope on NW side of Mt. Ayanganna; 5 ° 24 ' N, 59 ° 57 ' W; 1000 - 1100 m; 8 Nov. 1992; fl.; Henkel & Hoffman 187; K, MO n. v., NY, U, US • Mount Ayanganna, E slope, vicinity of new airstrip; 5 ° 18 ' 08 " N, 59 ° 50 ' 10 " W; 689 m; 9 Mar. 2014; fr.; Radosavlijevic et al. 103; MO n. v., US. Notes. This species is remarkable by its large, urn-shaped involucre, varying from bilobed to unequally 4 - lobed, which is formed by the fusion of the external bracts. The involucre is reported to be red (Taylor and Gereau 2013) although on the type label it is more precisely described as " green at base, shading through brown to pinkish-red at tips ". Carapichea urniformis was placed by Taylor and Gereau (2013) in their Altsonii group, together with C. altsonii, C. nivea, and C. sandwithiana. However, as discussed above, it is quite different from these three species (which are here transferred to the genus Notopleura) in characters of the stipules, leaf venation, and pyrenes, and is better placed in Taylor and Gereau's (2013) Carapichea group, alongside with C. guianensis and C. galbaoensis, which are quite similar in vegetative characters. Due to the small number of collections, it is not known whether the flowers of this species are heterostylous. In the few flowers that we analyzed, the stamens are included and the style is barely exserted, which is consistent with a long-styled form.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
0E27076218BE5BC5B18E999C51E49603.taxon	materials_examined	Type. GUYANA - Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region • Macreba Falls, Kurupung River; Aug. 1925; fl. & fr. imm.; Altson 322; lectotype: K [K 000174497], designated by Taylor and Gereau (2013: 121); isolectotypes: K [K 000174398], NY [00131011]; photo-K at NY.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
0E27076218BE5BC5B18E999C51E49603.taxon	description	Description. Shrub, 1.5 - 3 m tall, single-stemmed, glabrous; distal internodes terete, 4.5 - 8.0 mm in diam., somewhat succulent, glabrous. Stipules consisting of a persistent, truncate sheath (absent in flower-bearing nodes), 2.5 - 3.5 x 6.5 - 14 mm, glabrous, and a dense mass of basal linear appendages 1.0 - 2.5 mm long, very early caducous, leaving a scar. Leaves with petioles 1.0 - 5.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic to oblanceolate, 14 - 35 x 4.5 - 10 cm, acute-decurrent at base, acute and long-acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 1 - 2 cm long, somewhat succulent to fleshy when fresh, drying papyraceous, dark brown above and pale brown to pinkish-brown below, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 18 - 21 on each side of midrib; embedded in the lamina, barely visible above and obsolete below in dried specimens; intersecondary veins 1 - 3 between each couple of secondary veins, terminating far from the margin; tertiary veins invisible, embedded within the lamina; domatia absent. Inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, capitate; peduncles 7.5 - 17 cm long, glabrous, drying brownish-black; head multiflorous, subtended by a cup-shaped structure 3 - 5 mm long made by 4 bracts connate at base; free portion of bracts in two decussate pairs, unequal to subequal, obovate to broadly ovate, 1.5 - 2.7 x 0.9 - 3.2 cm, pale greenish-white, white or pale violet, often tinged with pink or purple, persistent, drying dark brown, glabrous; bracteoles subulate to lanceolate, 5 - 10 x 0.5 - 3.0 mm. Flowers 5 - merous, subsessile to shortly pedicellate; pedicels to 2 mm long at flowering stage (to 3 mm long in fruiting stage). Hypanthium narrowly obovoid, 1.5 - 2.0 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, 0.5 - 0.8 mm long, glabrous. Calyx cupular, 0.7 - 1.2 mm long, truncate, slightly undulate or with minute teeth <0.2 mm long, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, 10.5 - 15 mm long, glabrous, white with lobes yellow inside; tube subcylindrical, 9 - 12 mm long, 1 - 2 mm wide, glabrous outside and inside; lobes triangular to ovate, 1.5 - 3.0 x 1 - 2 mm, acute at apex, glabrous outside, papillose inside. Stamens inserted 3 - 4 mm from corolla base, anthers subsessile, included, narrowly oblong, 2 - 3 x 0.4 mm. Style glabrous, 10 mm long, barely exserted; stigmas linear, 1 mm long. Fruits (slightly immature) ovoid to ellipsoid, 4 - 6 x 2.0 - 3.5 mm, slightly costate when dry, white to pale violet. Pyrenes plano-convex, elliptic in outline, 4 - 6 x 2.0 - 3.5 mm, strongly compressed dorso-ventrally, dorsal side with 3 or 4 ridges, ventral side with 2 very shallow depressions separated by a longitudinal median crest. Seeds unknown.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
0E27076218BE5BC5B18E999C51E49603.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the foothills and higher elevations of the Pakaraima Mountains, Guyana.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
0E27076218BE5BC5B18E999C51E49603.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. GUYANA • near summit of Kurupung Mts on trail from Macreba Falls to Kamarang; 13 Sep. 1938; fl.; Forest Department 2773; K • Pakaraima Mountains, Membaru-Kurupung trail, Dicymbe pole forest; 1000 m; 29 Oct. - 4 Nov. 1951; fl.; Maguire & Fanshawe 32353; NY • Upper Mazaruni River, Kurupung River, Makreba Falls, on Kamarung trail; Sep. 1938 - Feb. 1939; fl.; Pinkus 5; NY • Pakaraima Mountains, Kurupung River, Makreba Falls; 17 Jul. 1992; fl.; Hoffman et al. 2050; MO, US.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
8039DC5FEE2351279F00C1793C36AD23.taxon	materials_examined	Type. GUYANA - Potaro-Siparuni Region • Potaro River, Amatuk portage; 31 Aug. 1937; fl., fr.; Sandwith 1249; lectotype: K [2 sheets, K 000174488, K 000174489], designated here; isolectotypes: K [K 000662774], K spirit collection n. v., NY [00131025].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
8039DC5FEE2351279F00C1793C36AD23.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herb or subshrub, 18 - 30 cm tall (maybe more?), single-stemmed; distal internodes terete, 4 - 7 mm in diam., somewhat succulent, glabrous. Stipules consisting of a truncate sheath (absent at flower-bearing nodes) 3 - 9 x 7 - 10 mm, glabrous, persistent, and numerous basal linear appendages ca 2 mm long, aggregated into a dense mass, very early caducous, leaving a scar. Leaves with petioles 1.0 - 2.5 cm long, glabrous, drying black; blades elliptic to oblanceolate, 18 - 29 x 5.7 - 11.6 cm, acute-decurrent at base, obtuse to acute and acuminate at apex, acumen deltoid to narrowly triangular, 0.5 - 1.0 cm long, coriaceous to somewhat succulent when fresh, papyraceous when dry, drying greyish olive-green to brown above and pinkish to greyish pale brown or pale olive green below, glabrous throughout; secondary veins 12 - 19 on each side of midrib, embedded within the lamina, barely visible above and below in dried specimens; intersecondary veins (1 -) 2 - 3 between each couple of secondary veins, terminating far from the margin; tertiary veins invisible, embedded within the lamina; domatia absent. Inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, capitate; peduncles 2.5 - 5.3 cm long, glabrous, drying dark brown; head multiflorous, subtended by a cupular structure 1.0 - 2.5 cm long, made of 4 bracts connate at base; free portion of bracts decussate, unequal to subequal, broadly ovate, 1.5 - 2.6 x 1.5 - 2.5 cm, acute to obtuse at apex, fleshy, pure white, persistent, drying brown, with 3 - 5 ascending veins; bracteoles triangular-ovate, 0.7 - 2.0 x 0.2 - 0.5 mm. Flowers 5 - merous, pedicellate; pedicels 1.8 - 2.5 mm long, fleshy. Hypanthium truncate-obconical, 0.6 - 0.7 mm long, glabrous. Disk bilobed to the base, 0.5 - 1.0 mm long, bipartite. Calyx 0.7 - 1.3 mm long, shallowly denticulate, glabrous; teeth broadly to shallowly triangular, 0.4 - 0.5 mm long. Corolla hypocrateriform, 17.7 - 21.5 mm long, glabrous, white with lobes yellow inside; tube narrowly cylindrical, 16 - 19 mm long, 1.3 - 1.5 mm wide, glabrous outside and inside; lobes ovate to triangular, 1 - 2.6 x 1 - 2.3 mm, acute at apex, glabrous outside, papillose inside. Stamens inserted at 9.5 - 12 mm from the base; filaments extremely short; anthers included, narrowly oblong, 3 x 0.3 - 0.4 mm. Style glabrous, included, 8 mm long; branches oblong, ca 0.6 mm long. Fruits oblong-ovoid, 5 - 6 x 3 - 3.75 mm, smooth (slightly costate when dry), colour unknown (pale olive-green when dry). Pyrenes semi-ellipsoid, 5 - 6 x 2 mm, strongly compressed dorso-ventrally, dorsal side with 4 prominent ridges, ventral side with 2 longitudinal grooves separated by an irregular median crest prolonged at apex into a short spine. Seeds unknown.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
8039DC5FEE2351279F00C1793C36AD23.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Guyana and reported from the Potaro River Basin (Kaieteur Savanna, Amatuk Portage, and Hoit Mountain), the Upper Mazaruni River Basin (Ayanganna Plateau), and the Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region (W branch of Eping River).	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
8039DC5FEE2351279F00C1793C36AD23.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined. GUYANA • Kaieteur Savanna; 1936; fl.; Hollister s. n.; NY • Upper Mazaruni River Basin, Ayanganna Plateau, between Pong River (686 m) and G. S. Camp 13, in Dicymbe forest, on trail to Ayanganna; 25 Jul. 1960; fl.; Tillett et al. 44925; NY • Potaro River Gorge, Amatuk Portage; 27 Apr. 1944; fl.; Maguire & Fanshawe 23018; K, NY • Cuyuni-Mazaruni Region, W branch of Eping River; 7 Feb. 1991; fl.; McDowell & Stobey 3924; MO n. v., US • Potaro-Siparuni Region, black water creek near Camp NW along ravine, rocky ravine, mixed premontane wet forest; 5 ° 12 ' N, 59 ° 10 ' W; 274 - 610 m; 23 May 1991; fl.; McDowell et al. 4901; MO n. v., US • " Amutu " [Amatuk] Portage path; 20 Feb. 1879; fl.; im Thurn s. n.; K • Amatuk Falls, Potaro River; 26 Aug. 1933; fl.; Tutin 600; BM • Potaro district, Hoit Mountain; 2 Aug. 1959; fl.; Whitton 63; K.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. VENEZUELA - Bolivar • Along Rio Framela, Cerro Piton, Cordillera Epicara; 400 m; 3 Sep. 1962; fr.; B. Maguire, J. A. Steyermark & C. K. Maguire 53562; holotype: VEN [No. 63029].	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF.taxon	description	Description. Shrub 2.0 - 2.5 m tall, single-stemmed, glabrous; distal internodes terete, 10 - 12 mm in diam., somewhat succulent, glabrous. Stipules basally sheathing, truncate to shallowly elliptic, 2 - 3 x 10 - 12 mm, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 2.0 - 2.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 26 - 37 x 10 - 12 cm, acute at base, abruptly acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 2.0 - 2.5 cm long, somewhat succulent to coriaceous when fresh, drying brownish-olive green above and pale olive green below (" silvery beneath " when fresh, fide Maguire et al. 53562), glabrous throughout; secondary veins 38 - 40 on each side [Steyermark wrote " lateral veins 40 - 45 on each side " without distinguishing secondary and intersecondary veins], barely visible in dry specimens; tertiary veins barely visible in dry specimens; domatia absent. Inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, capitate; peduncles 4.5 cm long, gradually wider towards the head, ca 3 mm wide just below the head, glabrous, drying dark brown; head multiflorous, subtended by cup-shaped structure made by 2 bracts connate at base, the cup-shaped base 3 mm long and 1.7 cm wide; the free portion of bracts subequal, broadly ovate, 1.8 x 2.6 cm, cream-white when fresh, pale brown when dry, persistent, drying pale brown, glabrous; internal bracts subtending fascicles of ca 3 flowers falcate-sublanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 - 4.0 x 1.0 - 1.5 mm, entire of with a lateral tooth at base, glabrous; bracteoles absent [fide Steyermark]. Flowers 5 - merous, pedicellate; pedicels 7 - 8 mm long, 1.5 - 2.0 mm thick, fleshy, angular. Hypanthium narrowly oblong-turbinate, size unknown, glabrous. Calyx cupular, 1.5 - 2.0 mm long, 5 - toothed, teeth deltoid to triangular-subulate, 0.2 - 0.6 mm long, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, 12 - 13 mm long, glabrous, white; tube narrowly cylindrical, 9 - 11 mm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous outside and inside; lobes ovate, 2 x 1.5 mm, subacute at apex, glabrous outside, papillose inside. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla base; anthers subsessile, included, narrowly oblong, 2 mm long. Disk and style unknown. Fruits ellipsoid, 4 x 2.5 - 3 mm. Pyrenes (seen through dried fruits) dorsally costate.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the holotype specimen, collected on Cordillera Epicara, state of Bolivar, southern Venezuela.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
7DDA8488C6005C45880E14FC1FBA1758.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL - Para • s. loc.; s. d.; Sieber s. n. [dedit J. C. Hoffmannsegg]; holotype: B [B-W 4155]; photograph: NY.	en	Lachenaud, Olivier, Delprete, Piero (2022): Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura. Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2): 275-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936
