identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B187F40819D66CA4D72BC8FD59FB26.text	03B187F40819D66CA4D72BC8FD59FB26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena bellula Storozhenko et Dawwrueng 2015	<div><p>Scelimena bellula species group:</p> <p>1. Scelimena melli Günther, 1938 (Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan),</p> <p>2. Scelimena guangxiensis Zheng, 1993 (Guangxi, Yunnan),</p> <p>3. Scelimena nitidogranulosa Günther, 1938.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40819D66CA4D72BC8FD59FB26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40819D66CA4D72CCCFD31FAD2.text	03B187F40819D66CA4D72CCCFD31FAD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena discalis (Hancock 1915)	<div><p>Scelimena discalis species group:</p> <p>4. Scelimena songkrana Zha et Wen, 2017 (Yunnan).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40819D66CA4D72CCCFD31FAD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40819D66CA4D72D98FC08F98E.text	03B187F40819D66CA4D72D98FC08F98E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena producta (Serville 1838)	<div><p>Scelimena producta species group:</p> <p>5. Scelimena pyrroma Lao, Kasalo, Gao, Deng et Skejo, sp. nov. (Hainan).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40819D66CA4D72D98FC08F98E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40819D66DA4D72F30FC43FE32.text	03B187F40819D66DA4D72F30FC43FE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena Serville 1838	<div><p>A key to Scelimena species found in PR China</p> <p>(S. spicupennis is not included in the key because currently not assigned to any of the species groups)</p> <p>1A Vertex visibly wider than an eye. Shoulders with tubercles (ML). Ventral margin of hind femora toothed................ 2</p> <p>1B Vertex as wide as an eye or narrower. Shoulders smooth, without tubercles. Ventral margin of hind femora smooth. S. bellula species group........................................................................................ 3</p> <p>2A Lateral carina with one to three pairs of projections (ML1, ML2, ML3), only in the humeral region. Lateral spines directed forwards.. S. producta species group........................................................ S. pyrroma sp. n.</p> <p>2B Whole lateral carina of the pronotum tuberculated, with more than 8 pairs of tubercles. Lateral spines directed sidewards. S. discalis species group........................................................ S. songkrana Zha et Wen, 2017</p> <p>3A Vertex as wide as a compound eye. In lateral view, the prozona of the pronotum very undulated. Interhumeral carinae recognizable. Lateral spines usually directed forwards. Dark in colour with many yellow dots. Hind femur with two blurry yellowish areas.................................................................... S. melli Günther, 1938</p> <p>3B Vertex visibly narrower than a compound eye. In lateral view, the prozona of the pronotum weakly undulated, almost flat. Interhumeral carinae almost absent. Lateral spines usually directed sidewards (rarely forwards). Dark in colour with vivid yellow, red or orange stripes. Hind femur with two vivid yellowish stripes.......................... S. nitidogranulosa Günther, 1938 and S. guangxiensis Zheng, 1993 (probably synonyms)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40819D66DA4D72F30FC43FE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40818D66DA4D72A4DFC48FC0D.text	03B187F40818D66DA4D72A4DFC48FC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena bellula Storozhenko et Dawwrueng 2015	<div><p>Scelimena bellula species group</p> <p>Composition and distribution. This species group, unique in lack of all the pronotal projections except for the FL2 and VL, currently includes five species, inhabiting NE India, Indochina, and southern PR China: (1) S. bellula Storozhenko et Dawwrueng, 2015 from Thailand; (2) S. rosacea (Hancock, 1915) from India and Myanmar; (3) S. nitidogranulosa from southern China (Guangdong); (4) S. guangxiensis assigned to this species group herewith, from southern PR China (Guangxi) and Vietnam (erroneously reported as Scelimena rosacea by Muhammad et al., 2018); and (5) S. melli widespread in southern and eastern PR China.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40818D66DA4D72A4DFC48FC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40815D660A4D728A9FE8AFCDB.text	03B187F40815D660A4D728A9FE8AFCDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena melli Gunther 1938	<div><p>1. Scelimena melli Günther, 1938 (Figs. 3, 4, 5)</p> <p>Scelimena mellii Günther, 1938 (type locality PR CHINA); Zheng, 2005; Deng, 2016; Ding et al., 2017, Zha et al., 2017.</p> <p>Scelimena brevispina Cao et Zheng, 2011 (type locality PR CHINA: Sichuan (Emei Shan), holotype ♀, deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, PR China; examined); syn. nov.</p> <p>Eufalconoides guizhouensis Zheng et Shi, 2006 (type locality PR CHINA: Guizhou: Chishui, holotype ♀ nymph and paratype ♀ nymph, deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, PR China; examined); syn. nov.</p> <p>Scelimena wulingshana Zheng, 1993 (type locality PR CHINA: Hubei: Lichuan, holotype ♂, deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, PR China; examined); Zheng, 2005; syn. nov.</p> <p>Type locality: Guangdong [originally ‘Canton’] (Günther 1938).</p> <p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀, deposited in the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany, digitalized in OSF (Cigliano et al. 2022).</p> <p>Justification of the synonymies. Scelimena guizhouensis / Eufalonoides guizhouensis from Guizhou represents a nymph of Scelimena melli (Fig. 5), which is evident from the widened hind tibiae and tarsi, as well as elevated pronotal projections. Scelimena brevispina (Fig. 4a) from Sichuan represents a synonym of S. melli, the same as it in all the characters except for the shorter spines. Shortened spines fit the known variability of the species. After the examination of Scelimena wulingshana, i.e., the specimen from Sichuan that was identified by Zhemin Zheng (shown in Fig. 4b) from Hubei and Sichuan, it is also clear that this specimen represents S. melli and it even has asymmetry in the direction of lateral spines. Namely, the right spine is directed forwards, while the left one is directed outward.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40815D660A4D728A9FE8AFCDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40815D664A4D72B90FE30FD4A.text	03B187F40815D664A4D72B90FE30FD4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena guangxiensis Zheng 1993	<div><p>2. Scelimena guangxiensis Zheng, 1993 (Figs. 6, 7, 8)</p> <p>Scelimena rosacea (nec Hancock): Muhammad et al., 2018: Fig. 13 (misidentification).</p> <p>Type locality. PR CHINA: Guangxi (Red Banner Forest Farm) (Zheng 1993, Zheng &amp; Jiang 1994).</p> <p>Type material examined. Holotype ♂, deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, PR China.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. Scelimena guangxiensis inhabits streams and rivers of the Guangxi Province (Shangsi County, Jiuwan Shan, Mulun Nature Reserve) and possibly the southern part of the Yunnan Province of the PR China (Deng 2016, this study). Orthoptera Species File database (Cigliano et al. 2022) did not contain information on the type specimen/series nor on its depository hitherto. The male holotype of S. guangxiensis was collected in the Red Banner Forest Farm in 1991 and is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University (Shaanxi, PR China). Deng (2016) lists four localities for the examined 19 male and 38 female specimens of this interesting species. The tropical monsoon forests of the southern Guangxi provide S. guangxiensis with suitable temperature and high humidity. Adults observed in this study were found from June to July in Fangchenggang Shiwandashan Mountain, but literature records date also from August and October (Tab. 1.). According to other observations on, iNaturalist adults can occur as early as March (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/108948433). Individuals can be observed on mossy rocks on the shores of rocky creeks in the mountainous tropical rainforest, usually at an altitude about or over 100 meters. Algae and moss that usually grow on rocks in and out of water probably represent a component of their diet. This species also inhabits northern Vietnam. The record of Scelimena rosacea (Hancock 1915) from Vietnam (Muhammad et al. 2018) undoubtedly belongs to S. guangxiensis (Fig. 6c, 6d).</p> <p>Variability. Like any other Scelimena, the Guangxi Pygmy Rowerhopper is a relatively large tetrigid adapted for a semiaquatic lifestyle. Pronotum length in males reaches&gt; 19 mm and in females&gt; 20 mm (Liang &amp; Zheng 1998; this study). The body is covered with fine granules, but is generally smooth, much smoother than in, for example, S. melli (Zha et al. 2017). The vertex is narrower than a single eye, giving a large appearance to the eyes. Other species of the S. (bellula) species group also have a very narrow vertex (Muhammad et al. 2018). This species has smooth and slender femora with weak undulations, but without teeth. Pronotum exceeds the knees of hind femora by about 1 hind femur length, while in this measure equals about 1.5. Antegenicular and genicular teeth are very small and blunt in appearance, almost unrecognizable. Some specimens of S. guangxiensis have more recognizable interhumeral carinae (Fig. 8e–g) than others (Fig. 8a–d). With this character, S. guangxiensis stands between S. bellula which completely lacks interhumeral carinae (Storozhenko &amp; Dawwrueng 2015) and S. melli, in which they are distinct (Liang &amp; Zheng 1998, Deng 2016). The two strongest projections are the second frontolateral and ventrolateral spines, which are also the brightest in colour. Two colour variants of the pronotum were observed in living specimens of Scelimena guangxiensis, both very bright. One variant has a combination of red and yellow, where the frontolateral first and second projections (FL1 and FL2), the second prolateral projection (PL2), and the external lateral carina above the tegmina are red (Fig. 8c); and the ventrolateral spine (VL), median carina and the rest of the external lateral carina are yellow. The other variant has all the aforementioned structures covered in yellow (Fig. 8e–g). In the original description, the colour of the specimen is stated to be dark (Zheng &amp; Jiang 1994), but with newly reported specimens, we see that the colour pattern might have been lost because of drying in museum specimens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40815D664A4D72B90FE30FD4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40811D665A4D72E6DFF26FEC6.text	03B187F40811D665A4D72E6DFF26FEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena nitidogranulosa Gunther 1938	<div><p>3. Scelimena nitidogranulosa Günther, 1938</p> <p>Type locality. PR CHINA: Guangdong [originally ‘Canton’] (Guangzhou) (Günther 1938)</p> <p>Type material examined. Photographs of ♀ HT (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany) in OSF (Cigliano et al. 2022).</p> <p>Notes. Scelimena guangxiensis may be a synonym of S. nitidogranulosa. Unfortunately, the type specimen of S. nitidogranulosa is in very bad condition; for example, lateral spines are broken. The right spine is completely absent, while the left spine is hanging, but seems to be facing forwards. Thus, in the key, section 3B, we propose that it could in some specimens face forwards. We are thus not able to assess the true identity of S. nitidogranulosa at the moment. In the future, better photographs of the types should be taken, so a decent comparison with S. guangxiensis, its potential synonym could be conducted. Two species have very similar pronotal morphology and colouration and they might be conspecific. In that case, S. nitidogranulosa would have priority over S. guangxiensis.</p> <p>The misconception stating S. nitidogranulosa has a wide vertex (see for example Deng 2016) originated from Liang &amp; Zheng's (1998) Fauna Sinica, where the specimen reported from Hainan as S. nitidogranulsa in fact represents Platygavialidium sinicum (Fig. 9). This species is the species with the widest vertex within the genus Platygavialidium (more than 2 times wider than a compound eye) and thus cannot be misidentified as any Scelimena species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40811D665A4D72E6DFF26FEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40810D665A4D72C46FDC2F998.text	03B187F40810D665A4D72C46FDC2F998.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena discalis (Hancock 1915)	<div><p>Scelimena discalis species group</p> <p>Composition and distribution. This group is composed of species that usually have the vertex more or less the same width as a compound eye; smooth, undulated, or toothed ventral margins of the hind femora; many pairs of metalateral tubercles, and a few prolateral; usually with tuberculated median carina; and ventrolateral spines directed forwards. This group is similar to the Scelimena producta species group, and one species hiterto assigned to the S. producta species group has been transferred to S. discalis species group, that being S. boettcheri Günther, 1938 from Palawan (Philippines), a species very similar to the recently described S. gombakensis, which is a member of this group. Now, Scelimena discalis species group counts five species: S. boettcheri Günther, 1938 from Palawan, S. discalis (Hancock, 1915) from Northeast India and Thailand, S. gombakensis Muhammad, Tan et Skejo, 2018 from peninsular Malaysia, S. kempi (Hancock, 1915) from Northeast India, S. songkrana Zha et Wen, 2017 from Thailand and PR China (Yunnan).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40810D665A4D72C46FDC2F998	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40810D665A4D72E4FFCBCF8E4.text	03B187F40810D665A4D72E4FFCBCF8E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena songkrana Zha et Wen 2017	<div><p>4. Scelimena songkrana Zha et Wen, 2017</p> <p>Type locality. THAILAND: Nan (Doi Phu Kha National Park) (Zha et al. 2017)</p> <p>Material examined. 2♂, 2♀, PR CHINA: Yunnan (Jianyong), 07 June 2020, deposited in College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, PR China; 1♂, 2♀, PR CHINA: Yunnan (Cangyuan), 24 March 2021, deposited in College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, PR China.</p> <p>Notes. This species is recorded from PR China for the first time.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40810D665A4D72E4FFCBCF8E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40812D667A4D728A9FD72FDB9.text	03B187F40812D667A4D728A9FD72FDB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena producta (Serville 1838)	<div><p>Scelimena producta species group</p> <p>Composition and distribution. This group is composed of species that usually have wide vertex; toothed ventral margins of the hind femora; small metalateral tubercles (up to three pairs); continuous median carina of the pronotum; ventrolateral spines directed forwards. Members of this group are: Scelimena producta (Serville, 1838) from Sumatra, Java, and Bali, Scelimena dammermanni Günther, 1938 stat. nov. from East Sumba Island, S. dentiumeris (Hancock, 1907) from Borneo, S. pyrroma sp. nov. from Hainan, S. chinensis (Hancock, 1915) from Vietnam, and S. celebica (Bolívar, 1887) from Sulawesi. Here Scelimena dammermanni is considered as distinct species, not a subspecies of S. producta, because of the lack of teeth on the ventral margin of hind femora. Lack of the teeth is not present in any of S. producta specimens. Scelimena chinensis is also herewith assigned to this species group because of the wide vertex, toothed ventral margin of the hind femora, as well as presence of small metalateral tubercles on the lateral carina of the pronotum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40812D667A4D728A9FD72FDB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40812D67AA4D72AB1FCD8F868.text	03B187F40812D67AA4D72AB1FCD8F868.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena pyrroma Lao, Kasalo, Gao, Skejo et Deng 2022	<div><p>5. Scelimena pyrroma Lao, Kasalo, Gao, Skejo et Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 10, 11)</p> <p>Scelimena dentiumeris (partim): Liang &amp; Zheng, 1998: 53–55, Figs. 34a, 34b.</p> <p>Proposed English and Mandarin vernacular name. Hainan Amberblade Rowerhopper, because it hails from Hainan, because it has amber-yellowish shoulders (the scapula is known as a shoulder blade), and because it is a member of the genus Scelimena, known as Rowerhoppers, due to the paddle-like hind legs. For the Mandarin name, we propose ṘṖĤẦȐ (Ṙ = pale yellow; Ṗ = shoulder; ĤẦȐ = Scelimena) ， pronounced “ Xiâng jiân cìyìzhà”.</p> <p>Type material.</p> <p>Holotype ♀ (specimen code Or-011193) (Figs. 10, 11) PR CHINA: South China: Hainan: central Hainan: Ding'an District (“Ting-an Dist.” on the label): "Tai-tsing-lam-ts'uen, back of Loi-mo-ling Mt. Range " 19.–20.VI.1935. leg. F. K. To (Biology Museum of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China); Paratype 1♂ (specimen code Or-011211) PR CHINA: South China: Hainan: central Hainan: Ding'an District (“Ting-an Dist.” on the label): "Taitsing-lam-ts'uen, back of Loi-mo-ling Mt. Range" 12.–15.VI.1935. leg. F. K. To (Biology Museum of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China) (Figs. 10).</p> <p>Additional material. 1 female, photographed alive (Fig. 1), left hind leg missing, PR China: Hainan: Wuzhishan National Nature Reserve Mts. (18.900392N, 109.691035E) (Fig. 2) Photo. Fan Gao 23.I.2022. (https://www. inaturalist.org/observations/112480618).</p> <p>Type locality. The People’s Republic of China, south China, Hainan Isl., central Hainan, mountains of the Ding’an District (Tai-tsing-lam-ts'uen, back of Loi-mo-ling/Leimoling Mt. Range).</p> <p>Etymology. Latinized adjective, female gender, first declension, coined of two greek words, one for yellow (πυρρός, pyrros), and the one for the shoulders (ὦμος, omos), pointing to the yellow metalateral projections (ML) or humeral angles.</p> <p>Justification of the generic assignment with a species group assignment. Scelimena pyrroma is clearly a member of the genus Scelimena, based on the following set of the characters typical for Scelimena members: (1) low position of the frontal costa bifurcation, (2) low position of the lateral ocelli, (3) strong second frontolateral projections (FL2), (4) strongly paddle-like widened distal part of the hind tibia, and (5) strongly widened hind proximal tarsal segment. The species is herewith tentatively assigned to Scelimena producta species group, based on the similarity with endemic to Borneo S. dentiumeris (Hancock, 1907) and endemic to Vietnam S. chinensis (Hancock, 1915). Members of Scelimena producta species group have, unlike members of Scelimena bellula species group, prominent metalateral projections and weakly toothed ventral margins of the hind femora.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Vertex as wide as a compound eye. Pronotum with only a few recognizable projections (FL2, ML1, ML2, VL). The frontal margin of pronotum with pointed pale-coloured second frontolateral projections (FL2). External lateral carina of the pronotum with medium-sized yellow ML on the humeral angle (and sometimes with one smaller ML2 behind it). Lateral angles or the ventrolateral projections of the paranota (VL) projected outwards and with long spikes directed forwards. This new species is similar to S. dentiumeris (Hancock, 1907) (Fig. 12) and is probably closely related to this species, but the two can easily be separated following this set of traits: (I) Shoulders are more angulated in S. pyrroma sp. nov., i.e., more rounded in S. dentiumeris. (II) Pronotal discus strongly undulated in S. pyrroma sp. nov., and almost flat in S. dentiumeris. (III) In S. pyrroma sp. nov. median carina of the pronotum lightly depressed before the promedial elevation of the median carina, while in S. dentiumeris the median carina is straight in that part. (IV) Metamedial projections of the pronotum in S. pyrroma sp. nov. subtriangular and clearly visible in lateral view, while in S. dentiumeris they are suboval and only barely visible in lateral view. (V) Dorsal anterior part of mid femora in S. pyrroma sp. nov. bear a distinct tubercle, while in S. dentiumeris the dorsal margins of mid femora are straight. (VI) Hind femora stouter in S. pyrroma (3.8-4.0 times as long as wide) than in S. dentiumeris (more than 4.2 times as long as wide). (VII) Dorsal carinae of hind femora in S. pyrroma sp. nov. bear three sharp protrusions, while in S. dentiumeris they bear three slight and blunt protrusions (“posterior femoral margins lightly bilobate above” according to Hancock (1907)). (VIII) Distal pulvilli of the hind tarsus S. pyrroma sp. nov. distinctly elongated and blunt, while in S. dentiumeris it is sharp. (IX) New species is larger than S. dentiumeris (female BL 16.10 mm in S. pyrroma sp. nov., 13.90 mm in female S. dentiumeris; female PL 30.00 mm in S. pyrroma sp. nov., 25.70 in female S. dentiumeris). (X) In S. pyrroma sp. nov. tegmina have a clear yellow line in the dorsal part, while in S. dentiumeris they are monochromatic.</p> <p>Distribution, habitat, and threats. The Hainan Amberblade Rowerhopper is endemic to the island of Hainan, PR China and for now, it is known from two localities, Ding’an (the type locality), and Wuzhi-shan Mountain (Fig. 2). The species inhabits lower parts of the Wuzhi-shan, which is known as the highest mountain of Hainan, reaching up to 1,840 m in height. This species is, however, known to inhabit lower parts of the mountains, rich in creeks with stony shores, where it can be observed sitting on stones (as in Fig. 1), or swimming in streams. Hainan Island represents one of the biodiversity strongholds in PR China, full of primary rainforests and untouched wild habitats, which face deforestation (see Li 2012; Zhai et al. 2015; Xu et al. 2017; Zhu,2017). Taking into account that Hainan lowland ecosystems face greater threats than the mountainous ecosystems (Wu et al. 2011) and that Scelimena pyrroma sp. nov., is most likely a lowland species, we assume it could indeed be threatened by human development in Hainan. The new species is only known from two localities in Hainan so we assess it as Near Threatened since it has a small area of occupancy (AOO) (less than 100 km ²), it occurs at only two locations (about 100 km from each other), and a single threatening event (lowland habitat destruction) could rapidly drive this species to become Vulnerable (IUCN 2022). This pygmy grasshopper may be threatened in the parts of its distribution area (Ding’an for example) by the replacement of local vegetation with croplands. Luckily, the other of the two localities we report the species from, the Wuzhi National Nature Reserve, is under strict government protection and the species can be regarded as safe in this very location.</p> <p>Species description based on holotype, paratype, and an additional female from iNaturalist (Figs. 1, 10, 11). A detailed description of Scelimena pyrroma sp. nov. was presented in the Mandarin language by Liang &amp; Zheng (1998) under the name Scelimena dentiumeris. Herewith, we present an updated detailed diagnostic description of Scelimena pyrroma sp. nov., which is from now on the correct name for this Hainan population of Scelimena with notable metalateral tubercles. There are indeed parts of Liang &amp; Zheng’s (1998) description that need to be amended, and the same will be true for our species description in the moment when large series will be examined by some future authors.</p> <p>GENERAL APPEARANCE AND COLOURATION Description of colour pattern is based on the photograph of a living female from Wuzhishan (Fig. 1). Large (pronotum length&gt; 22 mm in males, and&gt; 29 mm in females) and smooth (without saw-like, toothed projections or strongly tuberculated margins), amphibious species, general colour dark brown, almost black, with fine pale coloured granules all over the pronotum. This species has flashy yellowish (pale coloured) FL2, VL, MLs, and the lappets of the dorsal margins of the hind femora.</p> <p>HEAD. Finely granulated. Antennae long, thin, and smooth, composed of 13 antennomeres: 1 st large scapus, 2 nd stout pedicel, 3 rd – 6 th elongated basal segments, 7 th – 8 th very elongated mid segments (more than 10 times as long as wide), 9 th – 10 th long subapical segments, 11 th – 13 th reduced apical segments. Scapus, pedicel and flagellum dark, except for the pale rings present on the end of each antennomere of the flagellum. In frontal view transverse and lateral carinae of the vertex slightly elevated, not reaching the dorsal margin of the compound eyes. Frontal costa long, bifurcating below the mid-level of the compound eye height. Facial carinae divergent in the upper fourth and then parallel. Lateral ocelli slightly below the bifurcation of the frontal costa, on each side of it. Scutellum between the facial carinae about as wide as scapus.Antennae inserted distinctly below the compound eyes. The dorsal margin of the antennal groove situated half a compound eye length below the lower margin of a compound eye. Vertex wider than a compound eye (1.25 in male, 1.5 times in female). Vertex widely U-shaped, with slightly elevated median carina. Compound eye ovoid. In dorsal view vertex indrawn, not reaching the distal margin of a compound eye. Anterior margin of the pronotum truncated, with the indrawn (concave) mid part. Median carina of the vertex short, visible only in the anterior third. Fossulae deep, present on each side of the median carina of the vertex, and anteriorly and laterally surrounded by slightly elevated lateral and transverse carinae of the vertex. Compound eyes semi-circular. Vertex wider than a compound eye (1.3 times in male, 1.5 times in female). Occipital area as wide as a half of a compound eye. In lateral view eyes semi-circular and exserted above the vertex, so the tip of the vertex and the upper part of the face are not visible. Frontal costa slightly projected forwards. Paired ocelli large, visible below the anterior portion of the lower margin of the compound eye. Palpi without strongly widened apical segments. Apical segment of the palpi hairy.</p> <p>PRONOTUM. Pronotum very long (macropronotal state), surpassing abdominal apex for about 1.5 length of a hind femur. In frontal view only three projections are visible: ventrolateral projection of the lateral lobes (VL) projected outwards as a spine, yellow in colour; the second frontolateral projections (FL2) are strongly projected behind the head; and metalateral angles (ML or ML1) have projections with a tubercle at the tips. In lateral view. Prozona directed slightly upwards, not straight. Frontomedial projection (FM) minute, but visible; prozonal carinae visible, of weak texture and without tubercles; promedial projection (PM) minute, visible as a weak and blunt elevation. Second frontolateral projections (FL2) strongly projected forwards, yellow, surpassing the front margin of the pronotum. Ventral margin of the lateral lobe smoothly curved cephalad, ventrolateral spine (VL) sharp. Ventral sinus the same shape as tegminal sinus (that is subrectangular), but slightly larger. Infrascapular area rectangular, not as wide as tegmen. First (MM1) and second metamedial (MM2) projections weak, subtriangular, but (barely) visible. First (MML1) and the second (MML2) metamediolateral projections very weak and hardly recognizable, but present as small elevations on the dorsum. The main metalateral tubercle (ML or ML1) excised, oval, and yellow; while second (ML2) and third metalateral tubercles (ML3) sometimes present behind ML, visibly smaller than ML. Pronotum slightly dented after MML1 and MML2, straight afterwards. In dorsal view pronotum finely granulated, with larger tubercles on the carinae (no tubercles on the median carina). Anterior margin of the pronotum truncated. Median carina of the pronotum continuous from the anterior margin to the tip. Prozonal carinae visible, parallel and of weaker texture than the median carina. Extralateral projections anteriorly armed with strongly projected second frontolateral projections (FL2), which are yellow. Frontomedial projection (FM) minute, promedial projection (PM) minute – present as a weak and blunt elevation, first (MM1) and the second metamedial (MM2) projections even weaker. Y-shaped carinulae present in the interhumeral region. First (MML1) and the second (MML2) metamediolateral projections very weak and hardly recognizable, but present as small elevations on the dorsum. Humeral angles obliquely angular, armed with blunt metalateral (ML) tubercles, sometimes also with weak ML2 and ML3 on the external lateral carina behind them. Pronotum exceeding the knees of the hind femur for almost one whole hind femur length. Paranota armed with ventrolateral spines of variable length, which are always strongly curved forwards and are usually paler in colour than the rest of the pronotum.</p> <p>WINGS. Tegmenula (= pygmy grasshoppers tegmina, fore wings) and alae (hind wings) present. Tegmina scale-like, ovoid, reaching the proximal third of the hind femur length. Alae elongated, visible in lateral view, almost reaching the tip of the pronotum (for 1-2 mm shorter than it).</p> <p>LEGS. Fore femur elongated. Tibia black, smooth, rectangular in cross section. Proximal segment of the fore tarsus short, while the distal segment is elongated, dark and with a pale ring in the middle. Mid femur elongated. Tibia dark, smooth, rectangular in cross section. Proximal segment of the mid tarsus also short, while the distal segment elongated, dark and with a pale ring in the middle, as well. Hind femur elongated, about 3.7 times as long as wide. Dorsal margin of the hind femur with several pale coloured lappets. Ventral margin of the hind femur with three clearly visible teeth around the middle, and a barely visible one near the knee. Genicular and antegenicular teeth recognizable, but small and blunt. Tibia distally widened. Fore segment of the hind tarsus widened, pulvilli short and pointed. First tarsal segment longer than the third. Distal tarsal segment pale coloured, almost white.</p> <p>OVIPOSITOR. Ovipositor with elongated valvulae.</p> <p>Variability. Males are, as in other Scelimena species, visibly smaller than females (Table 2). Colouration within the species varies, as well as prominence of the frontomedial and the prominence and the number metalateral tubercles. Second frontomedial projections can be longer or shorter, more or less pointed. Holotype female has, besides strong metalateral tubercles, one more pair of weak tubercles just behind them. VL spine can be more or less pointed, shorter or longed, but is always strongly curved and directed forwards. Variation in this Hainan endemic species resembles the variability of Scelimena novaeguineae (Bolívar, 1898), reported by Tumbrinck (2018). In S. novaeguineae, some specimens have strong humeral teeth, while others have blunt warts; some have a single metalateral plate, others have more than one metalateral projections, sometimes before the shoulders. Future investigation should investigate whether these variations represent forms of a single species, or there is a whole hidden complex of several Scelimena species in Hainan.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40812D67AA4D72AB1FCD8F868	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
03B187F40809D67CA4D728E1FD3FFEE2.text	03B187F40809D67CA4D728E1FD3FFEE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scelimena spicupennis Zheng et Ou 2013	<div><p>6. Scelimena spicupennis Zheng et Ou, 2013</p> <p>We did not examine the type (s) of this species, so for now it is not possible to assign it to any of the species groups. Future research should assess its taxonomic position.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187F40809D67CA4D728E1FD3FFEE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lao, Chuangyu;Kasalo, Niko;Gao, Fan;Deng, Weian;Skejo, Josip	Lao, Chuangyu, Kasalo, Niko, Gao, Fan, Deng, Weian, Skejo, Josip (2022): Review of the Chinese species of the genus Scelimena Serville, 1838 (Tetrigidae Scelimeninae: Scelimenini). Zootaxa 5200 (4): 321-343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5200.4.2
