identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.text	AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha aphelocentema Stone 1942	<div><p>Anastrepha aphelocentema Stone, 1942</p><p>Figs 1-5, 6-11, 12-13</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Mexico • 4 larvae; Veracruz, Xalapa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-97.3469&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.3992" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -97.3469/lat 20.3992)">Papantla</a>; 20.3992°N, 97.3469°W; 72 m a.s.l.; Jul.1998; M. Aluja leg.; reared from fruit of  Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. ( Sapotaceae); FSCA (AP20171024.07, AP20190827.04, AP20180726.01-AP20180726.02)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anastrepha aphelocentema runs to  A. leptozona Hendel in the key of Steck et al. (1990), and to two species ( A. leptozona and  A. serpentina) in that of Carroll et al. (2004). It differs from all species within the  Anastrepha mucronota group in having the posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates finely serrate or entire. In addition,  A. aphelocentema can be separated from  A. curvicauda (Gerstaecker) by the position of the preoral organ (lateral vs. anterior to the mouthhook), and from  A. curitis Stone in having a higher number of oral ridges (12-14 vs. 8-11). It can be also distinguished from most other species for which larvae have been described by the number of tubules of the prothoracic spiracle (24-27). This includes larvae of  A. pallens Coquillett of the daciformis group (17-22 tubules), various species of the  Anastrepha fraterculus group (9-22; see Rodriguez et al. 2021),  A. grandis (Macquart) of the  Anastrepha grandis group (31-37),  A. leptozona of the  Anastrepha leptozona group (15-21), two species of the pseudoparallela group ( A. limae Stone with 18-21, and  A. consobrina (Loew) with 12-15), two species of the  Anastrepha spatulata group ( A. pickeli Lima with 16-23, and  A. interrupta Stone 10-13), two species of the  Anastrepha serpentina group ( A. pulchra Stone with 18-23, and  A. serpentina (Wiedemann) with 13-19), and two species of the  Anastrepha striata group ( A. bistrigata Bezzi with 13-20, and  A. striata Schiner with 11-18). The larva of  Anastrepha sagittata Stone (dentata group), reared from seeds of the related species  Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, was described with limited data (Baker et al. 1944) but can be morphologically separated from  A. aphelocentema by the longer and narrower posterior spiracle openings.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and truncate posteriorly; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 11.00-11.77 mm and width 2.03-2.12 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 1-4). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing three unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe or on separate small cylindrical lobe (asymmetrical in Fig. 1) lateral to the mouthhook; three or four petal-like secondary lobes adjacent to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 12-14 rows, posterior margin finely serrate or entire; 15-17 accessory plates, posterior margin usually serrate, most oral ridges bordered with single accessory plate laterally, except anterior 2-5 plates in two series, plates much narrower than ridges. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 1), ventrally with two visible sensilla and tubercles.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 5 - 7). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.31 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.28 mm; length b 0.22 mm; height c 0.20 mm; ratio a:b 1.29; ratio a:c 1.4. Tooth long, sharp, deeply concave ventrally, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface rough. Intermediate sclerite 0.22-0.23 mm long, 0.16 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.35 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.50 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.33 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.7. Ventral cornu with poorly defined sclerotized area along edge of notch. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.81 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.63  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly posteriorly curved; dorsal spinule pattern, as follows: T1 with 5-7 rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with four or five rows; T3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 5-7 rows; T2 with 0-2 rows; T3 with two rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with six or seven rows; A2 with 10-12 rows; A3-A6 with 14-18 rows; A8 with 12-16 rows. Additional four or five discontinuous rows of spinules surrounding anal lobes, spinules all equally small, basally broad, distally sharply pointed, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 8, 9). Bilobed, bearing 24-27 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single, sinuous row laterally and double row medially. Spiracle distal width 0.35-0.36 mm; basal width 0.19 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 10, 11). Dorsal tubercles and sensilla weakly developed, D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles (I1 and I2) moderately developed, I1 lateral and sometimes slightly dorsal to I2, associated sensilla weakly developed. Lateral (L1) tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed, V1 distinctly posterior to V2. Anal lobe entire or grooved and moderately protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 10, 12, 13). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 94-101  µm long; 35-37  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.68-2.72. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 190-191  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 4-9 trunks and 12-21 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.3-3.0; basal width 9-12  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.09-0.12. SP-II comprising three or four trunks and seven or eight tips. SP-III comprising 3-7 trunks and 6-12 tips. SP-IV comprising 3-7 trunks and 10-15 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.14-3.33; basal width 9-10  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.09-0.11.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha aphelocentema is known only from Mexico (northern Veracruz and San Luis  Potosí) (Aluja et al. 2000; Norrbom 2004;  Hernández-Ortiz 2007; CoFFHI 2020).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>This species was reared from fruit of  Pouteria glomerata . It has been previously reared from fruits of  Casimiroa edulis La Llave and Lex. ( Rutaceae) ( Hernández-Ortiz 1992) and  Pouteria glomerata ( Sapotaceae) (Stone 1942; Baker et al. 1944; Norrbom and Kim 1988; Aluja et al. 2000;  Hernández-Ortiz 2007).</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from four larvae and submitted to GenBank (MT644043, MT654963-MT654965). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  A. aphelocentema larvae and the available adult sequence (KY428328) were less than one percent. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only one good match:  A. aphelocentema (99.84% sequence identity; KY428328). Additionally, all four barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. aphelocentema with three votes using the identity function in BarcodingR (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.text	9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha caballeroi Norrbom 2015	<div><p>Anastrepha caballeroi Norrbom, 2015</p><p>Figs 14-19, 20-25, 26-27</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Peru • 13 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de  Investigación y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1085/lat -12.5612)">CapacitacionRio
Los Amigos</a> (CICRA), trail 2; 12.5612°S, 70.1085°W; 287 m a.s.l.; 28 Jan. 2014; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx ( A. Robyns and S. Nilsson) W.S. Alverson ( Malvaceae); FSCA (AP20180321.05-AP20180321.14, AP20190827.07-AP20190827.09)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anastrepha caballeroi can be distinguished from all other species of  Anastrepha by the dentate posterior margins of its accessory plates; in other species of the  Anastrepha mucronota group the margins of the oral ridges are serrate or mostly or entirely fringed (see Tables 2 - 4). It also differs from all other  Anastrepha species in having 27-36 accessory plates mostly in two series and covering a much larger area than the oral ridges.</p><p>(?) Unknown data from previous studies.</p><p>(?) Unknown data from previous studies.</p><p>(?) Unknown data from previous studies.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 10.24-10.61 mm and width 1.66-1.69 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 14-18). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing 1-3 unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on small cylindrical lobe anterolateral to mouthhook, with or without one or two adjacent finger-like lobes; preoral lobe elongate, split apically, extending posterior to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 14 or 15 short rows, posterior margin entire or undulant (occasionally 1-3 posterior ridges emarginate); 27-36 accessory plates, posterior margin deeply dentate with sharply pointed teeth, anterior and posterior plates in one series, medial plates in two series, plates covering much larger area than oral ridges. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 14), ventrally with two visible sensilla on small tubercles.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 19 - 21). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.26-1.31 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.28-0.29 mm; length b 0.21-0.23 mm; height c 0.18-0.20 mm; ratio a:b 1.28-1.37; ratio a:c 1.45-1.63. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface eroded. Intermediate sclerite 0.21-0.23 mm long, 0.13-0.15 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite short, robust, sclerotized in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.27-0.29 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.51-0.54 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30-0.34 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.59-0.63. Ventral cornu with poorly defined sclerotized area. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.79-0.83 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.54-1.56  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern in rows as follows: T1 with three rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with three rows; T3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with seven or eight rows; T2 with three rows; T3 with 0-2 rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with two or three rows; A2 with six or seven rows; A3 with seven or eight rows; A4-A5 with 7-9 rows; A6 with seven or eight rows, A7-A8 with six or seven rows. Additional three or four anterior and posterior discontinuous rows of spinules, and one or two lateral rows around anal lobes, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 22, 23). Bilobed, bearing 17-21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.28-0.33 mm; basal width 0.13-0.16 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 24, 25). Dorsal tubercles and sensilla well developed, D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles (I1 and I2) moderately developed, I1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I2, associated sensilla weakly developed. Lateral (L1) and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and moderately protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 24, 26, 27). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 76-89  µm long; 31-37  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.4-2.5. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 143-184  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 5-8 trunks and 10-18 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.0-2.3; basal width 7-13  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.08-0.15. SP-II comprising 3-5 trunks and 3-10 tips. SP-III comprising 4-7 trunks and 4-12 tips. SP-IV comprising 4-7 trunks and 7-17 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.8-2.4; basal width 5-7  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.06-0.08.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha caballeroi is known only from southeastern Peru (Cusco and Madre de Dios).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx, the only known host plant (Norrbom et al. 2015). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from 13 larvae and nine adults of  A. caballeroi and submitted to GenBank (MH070125, MT644046-MT644048, MT654994-MT655010, MT763935). One additional adult sequence was available for analysis (KY428405). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  A. caballeroi individuals ranged from 0.0-1.6%. In our larger COI dataset for  Anastrepha,  A. caballeroi is nearest-neighbor to the undescribed  Anastrepha sp. Yasuni 01 from Ecuador. One of the  A. caballeroi barcodes (MH070125) is more similar to  A. sp. Yasuni 01 than other  A. caballeroi . However, all barcoded larval specimens of  A. caballeroi are best matches to adult  A. caballeroi sequences. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only two good matches, both to  A. caballeroi (98.07%-100% sequence identity; KY428405 and MH070125). Additionally, all thirteen larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. caballeroi with three votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.text	D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha crebra Stone 1942	<div><p>Anastrepha crebra Stone, 1942</p><p>Figs 28-32, 33-38, 39-40</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Peru • 4 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de  Investigación y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0889/lat -12.5721)">CapacitacionRio
Los Amigos</a> (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5721°S, 70.0889°W; 232 m a.s.l.; 22 Mar. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii K. Schumann and O. Ulbrich ( Malvaceae); FSCA (AP20180315.6-AP20180315.10, AP20180329.08, AP20210415.01)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anastrepha crebra can be distinguished from other species of  Anastrepha, except  A. nolazcoae,  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82, and  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, by the fringed posterior margin of its oral ridges.  Anastrepha crebra differs from the latter three species in having fewer oral ridges, a higher number of trunks and tips of the posterior spiracular processes, and shorter spiracular opening length on the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 6.83-7.36 mm and width 1.10-1.21 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 28-31). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at oblique angle to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing one peg sensillum, located apically on small cylindrical lobe anterolateral to the mouthhook, with two or three adjacent irregular secondary lobes; preoral lobe elongate, broad, extending slightly posterior to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 13-15 rows, posterior margins fringed; accessory plates apparently in one series lateral to oral ridges covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium narrow, surface channeled medially, ventrally with two visible sensilla on small tubercles.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 32 - 34). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.08-1.13 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.23-0.29 mm; length b 0.16-0.17 mm; height c 0.16-0.20 mm; ratio a:b 1.44-1.71; ratio a:c 1.44-1.45. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with medial carina, ventral surface smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.18-0.20 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.23-0.24 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.42-0.48 mm long. Dorsal bridge projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.36 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.75-0.85. Ventral cornu with weakly defined sclerotized area. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.62-0.65 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.4-1.5  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinules pattern in rows as follows: T1 with 9-11 rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with 3-5 rows; T3 with one or two rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 11-15 rows; T2 and T3 lacking spinules. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with four rows; A2 with 8-10 rows; A3 with 10-13 rows; A4 with 12 rows; A5 with 11-13 rows; A6 with 11 or 12 rows, A7 with 9-11 rows; A8 with nine or ten rows. Additional three anterior and posterior and two lateral irregular rows of spinules surrounding anal lobes, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 35, 36). Bilobed, bearing 16-21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.22-0.24 mm; basal width 0.09-0.10 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 37, 38). Dorsal (D1 and D2) tubercles and sensilla moderately developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 and associated sensilla moderately developed; I1 ventral to I2. L1, V1, and V2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 37, 39, 40). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 58-73  µm long; 21-25  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.8-2.9. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 127-135  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 14-18 trunks and 33-51 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.4- 2.8; basal width 20-30  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.33-0.41. SP-II comprising 5-7 trunks and 11-23 tips. SP-III comprising 8-13 trunks and 21-32 tips. SP-IV comprising 14-20 trunks and 31-39 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.0-2.2; basal width 16-28  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.28-0.39.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha crebra is known from Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador (Norrbom 2004; CoFFHI 2020), and Colombia ( Rodríguez Clavijo et al. 2018). It is recorded for the first time from Peru.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>This species was reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii, a new host plant record for  A. crebra . It has been previously reared from fruits of  Quararibea asterolepis Pittier ( Malvaceae) (Stone 1942),  Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer ( Malvaceae) ( Hernández-Ortiz and  Pérez-Alonso 1993; Aluja et al. 2000), and  Quararibea yunckeri Standl. ( Malvaceae) (Aluja et al. 2003).</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from three larvae and three adults submitted to GenBank (MT655069-MT655074). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances among  A. crebra larvae and the 14 available adult sequences (KY428335, MK758576, MK758598, MK759164, MK759601, MK767247, MK767700, MK768011, MK768248, MK768483, MK769383, MK770033, MT655069-MT655071) ranged from 0.0-3.0%. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding good matches only to  A. crebra (97.00-100.00% sequence identity). Additionally, all three larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. crebra with three votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.text	CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha haplacantha Norrbom & Korytkowski 2012	<div><p>Anastrepha haplacantha Norrbom &amp; Korytkowski, 2012</p><p>Figs 41-44, 45-50, 51-52</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Ecuador • 4 larvae; Orellana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.4018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6692" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.4018/lat -0.6692)">Estacion Cientifica 
Yasuni</a>, trail 5; 0.6692°S, 76.4018°W; 235 m a.s.l.; 9 Mar. 2018; E. J. Rodriguez leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx; FSCA (AP20200622.01-AP20200622.04)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Anastrepha haplacantha can be distinguished from other species of  Anastrepha, except  A. korytkowskii and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16, by the dentate posterior margin of its oral ridges.  Anastrepha haplacantha differs from the latter two species in having more oral ridges, lacking comb-like processes, and by other morphological characters, such as number of trunks and tips of the posterior spiracular processes and basal width of the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 7.58-8.31 mm and width 1.04-1.42 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 41-44). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at an oblique angle to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing 2-4 peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe lateral to mouthhook, 3-5 short elongate single or bifid secondary lobes adjacent to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 19 or 20 rows, posterior margins dentate with long moderately spaced projections; numerous accessory plates lateral to oral ridges, some elongate and interleaved with oral ridges, covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium triangular, anterior surface with reclinate spines, ventrally with visible sensilla on small tubercles.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 45, 46). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.3 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, reddish orange; length a 0.31-0.32 mm; length b 0.21-0.22 mm; height c 0.22-0.24 mm; ratio a:b 1.45-1.46; ratio a:c 1.33-1.42. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface apparently smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.20-0.23 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, weakly sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25-0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu weakly sclerotized, 0.49 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite absent. Cornu notch (N) 0.35 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.7. Ventral cornu weakly sclerotized. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and 7-9 ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.85 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.7  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinules pattern in rows as follows: T1 with 5-7 rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with three or four rows; T3 with one row; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with seven rows; T2 with four rows; T3 with two rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with two or three rows; A2 with six rows; A3 with eight rows; A4 with eight or nine; A5 with eight or nine rows; A6 with seven or eight rows; A7 with eight rows; A8 with eight rows. Additional three rows of irregular spinules anterior and posterior to anal lobes, lateral rows apparently absent, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 47, 48). Bilobed, bearing 20-24 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.32-0.35 mm; basal width 0.12-0.13 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 49, 50). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 and associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 dorsal to I2. L1, V1 and V2 tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 49, 51, 52). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69-80  µm long; 27-33  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.2-2.8. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 158-180  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9-12 trunks and 13-27 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.4- 2.3; basal width 12-18  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.16-0.23. SP-II comprising 6-9 trunks and 8-19 tips. SP-III comprising 6-11 trunks and 12-24 tips. SP-IV comprising 9-12 trunks and 16-23 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.8-1.9; basal width 14-15  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.19-0.21.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha haplacantha is known only from Ecuador (Orellana) (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2012).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea malacocalyx, the first host plant record for  A. haplacantha . The larvae feed only on the endocarp (developing seed) of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from three larvae and four adults and submitted to GenBank (MT654690, MT763901-MT763904, MT763941, MT763944). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances among  A. haplacantha ranged from 0.0-2.7%. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only one good match:  A. haplacantha (97% sequence identity; KY428381). Additionally, all three larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. haplacantha with three votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.text	2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha korytkowskii Norrbom 2015	<div><p>Anastrepha korytkowskii Norrbom, 2015</p><p>Figs 53-57, 58-63, 64-65</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Peru • 2 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de  Investigación y  Capacitación <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0889/lat -12.5721)">Rio
Los Amigos</a> (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5721°S, 70.0889°W; 232 m a.s.l.; 17 Apr. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP20180315.02- AP20180315.03)  • 7 larvae; same, trail 11; 12.5636°S, 70.0847°W; 250 m a.s.l.; 4 Dec. 2015; R. Bustamante leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP20180315.01, AP20180315.04, AP20180315.05, AP20180321.03, AP20180321.04, AP20180329.01, AP20180329.05) • 2 larvae; same, trail 21; 12.5708°S, 70.0847°W; 224 m a.s.l.; 2 Dec. 2015; R. Bustamante leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP20180315.07, AP20180516.13) • 8 larvae; same, trail 21; 12.5721°S, 70.0889°W; 232 m a.s.l.; 14-21 Mar. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP20180315.08, AP20180315.09, AP20180329.06, AP20180329.07, AP20180329.09-AP20180329.12).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The larvae of  A. korytkowskii can be distinguished from those of other species of  Anastrepha by its peculiar short preoral lobe medial to the lobe bearing the preoral organ, fringed posterior margins of the accessory plates, posterior margins of the oral ridges (2-5 anterior ridges dentate, medial and posterior ridges entire), and 3-5 comb-like processes adjacent to the labium and posterior to the oral ridges. The posterior margins of the accessory plates resemble those of  A. crebra,  A. haplacantha,  A. nolazcoae,  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82,  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16, although in  A. korytkowskii the posterior margins of the oral ridges are distinct (as shown above).  Anastrepha korytkowskii further differs from the latter six species by the number of oral ridges, ventral surface of mouthhook, number of tubules and distal width of the prothoracic spiracle, and basal width of the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 6.10-8.54 mm and width 0.93-1.57 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 53-56). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on small, elongate-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, slightly smaller and irregularly rounded. Oral ridges in 12-14 rows, margins of anterior 2-5 ridges irregularly dentate, margins of medial and posterior ridges entire (some sparsely notched); 3-5 comb-like processes adjacent to labium and posterior to oral ridges; 14-20 accessory plates in one series, but absent adjacent to the anterior five or six oral ridges, covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 57 - 59). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 0.76-0.86 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.16-0.18 mm; length b 0.10-0.13 mm; height c 0.11-0.13 mm; ratio a:b 1.4-1.6; ratio a:c 1.4-1.5. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface eroded. Intermediate sclerite 0.15-0.17 mm long, 0.13-0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.19-0.21 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.36-0.46 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.24-0.29 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.6-0.7. Ventral cornu sclerotized between notch and pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and 7-9 ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.39-0.55 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.2-1.4  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with six or seven rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with 2-5 rows; T3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 8-12 rows; T2 with three rows; T3 lacking spinules. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments (A1-A8); ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with one or two rows; A2 with six or seven rows; A3 with seven or eight rows; A4 with seven or eight rows; A5 with 6-8 rows; A6 with eight rows; A7 with 6-8 rows; A8 with 6-8 rows. Additional 2-4 irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 60, 61). Bilobed, bearing 12-18 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.19-0.24 mm; basal width 0.07-0.10 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 62, 63). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I2. Lateral (L1) and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and very protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 62, 64, 65). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 56-77  µm long; 20-24  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.8-3.2. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 124-148  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9-15 trunks and 21-33 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.2- 2.3; basal width 14-28  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.24-0.47. SP-II comprising 4-7 trunks and 9-17 tips. SP-III comprising 5-10 trunks and 12-19 tips. SP-IV comprising 8-15 trunks and 17-31 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.0-2.1; basal width 12-21  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.21-0.30.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha korytkowskii is known only from Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz) and eastern Peru (Cusco,  Huánuco,  Junín, and Madre de Dios).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea wittii, the only known host plant (Norrbom et al. 2015). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from 19 larvae and two adults and submitted to GenBank (MT654705-MT654725). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  A. korytkowskii larvae and the three adult sequences (MT654712, MT654722, KY428387) ranged from 0.0-2.1%. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only one good match:  A. korytkowskii (97.77-99.04% sequence identity; KY428387). Additionally, all 19 larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. korytkowskii with three votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.text	A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha nolazcoae Norrbom & Korytkowski 2011	<div><p>Anastrepha nolazcoae Norrbom &amp; Korytkowski, 2011</p><p>Figs 66-69, 70-75, 76-80</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Peru • 20 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de  Investigación y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.5722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0885/lat -12.5722)">CapacitacionRio
Los Amigos</a> (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5722°S, 70.0885°W; 233 m a.s.l.; 1-5 Feb. 2014; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea cordata; FSCA (AP20180222.01-AP20180222.10, AP20180206.01-AP20180206.10)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The larva of  A. nolazcoae differs from those of all other species of  Anastrepha that have been adequately described by the combination of having fringed posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates, and the presence of 6-8 comb-like processes adjacent to the labium. The posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates resemble those of  A. crebra,  A. haplacantha,  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82, and  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, but those species lack the comb-like processes. In addition,  A. nolazcoae resembles  A. korytkowskii and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 in the presence of comb-like processes, but  A. nolazcoae can be distinguished from them by the fringed posterior margins of its oral ridges. Other characters such as the ventral surface of the mouthhook, number of tubules and apical width of the prothoracic spiracle, and dorsal spinules on thoracic segments further differentiate  A. nolazcoae (see Tables 2 - 4).</p><p>Anastrepha nolazcoae shares the same host plant,  Quararibea cordata, with species within the  Anastrepha fraterculus group ( A. fraterculus complex),  Anastrepha mucronota group ( A. mucronota), and  Anastrepha striata group ( A. striata). The larva of  A. mucronota was described with limited data (Steyskal 1977) but can be morphologically separated from  A. nolazcoae by the lower number of oral ridges (13-15 vs. 16-19) and dorsal irregularly light brown plaques on the abdominal segments (present vs. absent). The description of  A. mucronota lacks information for most of the characters of the pseudocepalon (Table 2) and most of the available data overlap with those of  A. nolazcoae (Table 3, 4).  Anastrepha nolazcoae differs from five morphotypes within the  A. fraterculus complex (Canal et al. 2015, 2018) and  A. striata as follows: 1) greater number of oral ridges (16-19; see the dichotomous key in Steck et al. 1990), except unknown for Andean and Peruvian morphotypes of  A. fraterculus complex; 2) posterior margin of oral ridges fringed in  A. nolazcoae, irregularly serrate in  A. fraterculus (Brazil-1 and Ecuadorian morphotypes), scalloped or emarginate in  A. fraterculus (Mexican morphotype), entire or serrate in  A. striata; and 3) approximately 36 accessory plates with fringed posterior margins in  A. nolazcoae, apparently seven plates and serrate in  A. fraterculus (Ecuadorian morphotypes; see plate 4b in White and Elson-Harris 1992), eight plates and serrate in  A. fraterculus (Mexican morphotype), 8-9 plates and entire in  A. striata .  Anastrepha nolazcoae differs further from the  A. fraterculus complex in having a greater number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle (18-21 vs. 9-18 in  Anastrepha fraterculus complex, see Rodriguez et al. 2021), although in this character it overlaps with  A. striata .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 5.33-11.76 mm and width 0.93-1.92 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 66 - 70). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on a small, elongate-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, short-elongate, extending partially posterior to lobe bearing preoral organ. Oral ridges in 16-19 rows, 13-15 anterior ridges with fringed posterior margins, three or four posterior ridges entire, undulant; 6-8 comb-like processes adjacent to labium and posterior to oral ridges; approximately 36 accessory plates lateral to oral ridges covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins as on oral ridges, in two series. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 71-73). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 0.69-1.10 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.20-0.23 mm; length b 0.12-0.15 mm; height c 0.14-0.17 mm; ratio a:b 1.5-1.7; ratio a:c 1.3-1.4. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with weak medial carina, ventral surface smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.16-0.20 mm long, 0.18-0.21 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.23-0.29 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.38-0.53 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.25-0.34 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.6-0.7. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area between notch and pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.44-0.71 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.18-1.34  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 3-5 rows; T2 with 3-5 rows; T3 with one or two rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 8-11 rows; T2 with four or five rows; T3 with three or four rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments (A1-A8); ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with three or four rows; A2 with six or seven rows; A3-A6 with 6-8 rows; A7 with six or seven rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional two or three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, two rows laterally, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 74, 75). Bilobed, bearing 18-21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.26-0.34 mm; basal width 0.12-0.17 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 76, 77). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I2. L1, V1, and V2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and very protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 76, 78-80). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 83-108  µm long; 27-32  µm wide; ratio length/width 3.0-3.4. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 187-210  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 8-11 trunks and 9-26 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.1- 2.4; basal width 9-15  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.09-0.17. SP-II comprising 3-7 trunks and 6-14 tips. SP-III comprising 3-9 trunks and 5-20 tips. SP-IV comprising 4-12 trunks and 8-24 tips; ratio tips/trunks 2.0; basal width 7-12  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.08-0.12.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha nolazcoae is known only from Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca,  Huánuco, San  Martín) (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2011; Barr et al. 2017; Bartolini et al. 2020).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea cordata, the only known host. It was previously reared from the same fruit in Peru:  Huánuco: Tingo Maria (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2011). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated for 29 larvae and five adults and submitted to GenBank (MH070234, MT643950-MT643954, MT654802-MT654827, MT884299, MT884396). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  A. nolazcoae larvae and the nine available adult sequences ranged from 0.0-1.1%. BLAST searches were consistent with our new data, yielding only four good matches:  A. nolazcoae (99.21-100% sequence identity; KY428297, MN454445, MN454488, MF695205 [identified as  A. kuhlmanni in GenBank, reported as  A. nolazcoae in Barr et al. 2017]). Additionally, 27 larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  A. nolazcoae with either three or two votes, and two samples returned ambiguous identifications (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.text	EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha protuberans	<div><p>Anastrepha sp. near protuberans</p><p>Figs 95-99, 100-105, 106-108</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Ecuador • 5 larvae; Orellana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.3851&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.3851/lat -0.6805)">Estacion Cientifica 
Yasuni</a>, trail 6, near tower; 0.6805°S, 76.3851°W; 247 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan. 2018; M. R. Steck, G. J. Steck, E. J. Rodriguez and A. Padilla leg.; reared from fruit of  Sterculia frondosa Rich. ( Malvaceae); FSCA (AP20180321.01, AP20180321.02, AP20200622.09-AP20200622.11)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The larva of  Anastrepha sp. near  Anastrepha protuberans differs from those of other species of  Anastrepha except  A. crebra,  A. haplacantha,  A. korytkowskii,  A. nolazcoae,  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82, and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 by the fringed posterior margins of their oral ridges and accessory plates.  Anastrepha sp. near  Anastrepha protuberans can be distinguished from the latter six species in having a greater apical width of the prothoracic spiracle and slit length of the posterior spiracle. The number of oral ridges, number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle, and dorsal spinule pattern on the thoracic segments further distinguish  Anastrepha sp. near  Anastrepha protuberans from species in the  Anastrepha mucronota group (see Tables 2, 3).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 14.43-17.15 mm and width 2.52-2.68 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 95-98). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at strongly oblique angle to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing three unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe lateral to mouthhook. Oral ridges in 18-23 rows, posterior margins densely and evenly fringed; accessory plates present covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins longer than oral ridges, apparently in one series. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla and tubercles.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 99 - 101). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.48-1.51 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.34-0.35 mm; length b 0.24-0.25 mm; height c 0.26-0.28 mm; ratio a:b 1.41-1.46; ratio a:c 1.25-1.30. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with smooth surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.24-0.26 mm long, 0.15 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.33-0.35 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.64-0.74 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.37-0.52 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.57-0.69. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight or nine ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.93-1.01 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.26-1.57  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with three rows; T2 with four or five rows; T3 with four rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with 13 or 14 rows; T2 with 4-6 rows; T3 with 3-5 rows. Abdominal segments with dorsal spinules as follows: A1 with two rows; A2-A8 lacking spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with 5-8 rows; A2 with 6-9 rows; A3 with eight or nine rows; A4 with 9-12 rows; A5 with 8-12 rows; A6 with 9-11 rows; A7 with seven or eight rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anterior and posterior to anal lobes, lateral rows apparently absent, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 102, 103). Bilobed, bearing 22-30 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single, sinuous row except medially when spacing is irregular. Spiracle distal width 0.41-0.44 mm; basal width 0.18-0.20 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 104, 105). Dorsal (D1 and D2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla moderately developed; I1 distinctly anterior to I2. L1, V1, and V2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 104, 106-108). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 122-145  µm long; 40-48  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.8-3.4. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 271-305  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 5-11 trunks and 9-20 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.4- 2.5; basal width 8-11  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.06-0.08. SP-II comprising 4-9 trunks and 11-19 tips. SP-III comprising 4-8 trunks and 7-16 tips. SP-IV comprising 7-10 trunks and 14-21 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.55-2.6; basal width 9-12  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.07-0.09.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha sp. near  Anastrepha protuberans is known only from Ecuador and Peru.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We collected larvae of this species from fruit of  Sterculia frondosa, the first host plant record. The larvae feed only on the seeds of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from five larvae from Ecuador and two adults from Peru and submitted to GenBank (MT672163-MT672165, MT763909-MT763911, MT763914). The identity of the described larvae is only based on these data. K2P distances between  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans larvae and the adult sequences ranged from 0.0-1.2%. BLAST searches yielded no close matches to sequences from other  Anastrepha species. The five larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans with either three or two votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.text	C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82	<div><p>Anastrepha sp. Peru-82</p><p>Figs 81-85, 86-91, 92-94</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Peru • 6 larvae; Loreto, Iquitos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2547" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9133/lat -3.2547)">ExplorNapo</a>, main trail; 3.2547°S, 72.9133°W; 132 m a.s.l.; 11 Feb. 2015; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of  Scleronema praecox; FSCA (AP20180109.02, AP20180124.03, AP20180124.04, AP20190827.10- AP20190827.12)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The larva of  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 differs from those of other species of  Anastrepha, except  A. crebra,  A. haplacantha,  A. korytkowskii,  A. nolazcoae,  Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16, in having the posterior margins of the accessory plates fringed. It differs from all other species except  A. korytkowskii,  A. nolazcoae, and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 by the position of its preoral organ anterior to the mouthhook, and short preoral lobe.  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 can be further distinguished from  A. crebra in having a higher number of oral ridges, and it further differs from  A. korytkowskii,  A. nolazcoae, and  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 in lacking comb-like processes adjacent to the labium. The number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle and the dorsal spinule pattern on the thoracic segments are useful to further distinguish  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 from other species in the  Anastrepha mucronota group (see Table 3).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.71-10.94 mm and width 1.40-1.72 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 81-84). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on a small, rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe of broad, irregular shape, approximately double size of lobe bearing preoral organ and extending partially posterior to it. Oral ridges in 22 or 23 rows, all densely fringed with very long, thin, tapering, pointed projections, but 8-12 posterior ridges with short weakly dentate section medially; numerous accessory plates present, with fringed posterior margins, in one or more series and overlapping with oral ridges (unable to distinguish end points). Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 81), ventrally with visible sensilla.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 85 - 87). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.0-1.28 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.25-0.28 mm; length b 0.18-0.20 mm; height c 0.17-0.20 mm; ratio a:b 1.31-1.41; ratio a:c 1.39-1.50. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with medial carina and smooth surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.23-0.26 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.22-0.24 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.48-0.64 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and strongly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30-0.43 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.63-0.67. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.58-0.81 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.20-1.45  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with two rows; T2 with five or six rows; T3 with two or three rows; ventral spinules as follows: T1 with 7-10 rows; T2 with 3-5 rows; T3 with two or three rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules, except A1 with three rows; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with three or four rows; A2 with 7-9 rows; A3 with eight or nine rows; A4 with nine or ten rows; A5 with ten rows; A6 with 8-10 rows; A7 with 9-11 rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, two rows laterally; spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 88, 89). Bilobed, bearing 23-29 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.28-0.35 mm; basal width 0.12-0.16 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 90, 91). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I2. L1, V1 and V2 most very weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and moderately protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 90, 92-94). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 84-97  µm long; 29-34  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.6-3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 185-212  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9-11 trunks and 12-20 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.3- 1.8; basal width 12-15  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.14-0.16. SP-II comprising 4-5 trunks and 5-12 tips. SP-III comprising 4-8 trunks and 5-13 tips. SP-IV comprising 7-11 trunks and 13-16 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.45-1.85; basal width 9-19  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.11-0.19.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 is only known from Peru (Loreto).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Scleronema praecox, the first host plant record. The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from six larvae and two adults and submitted to GenBank (MT644049-MT644051, MT763894-MT763898). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 larvae and the adult sequences ranged from 0.0-1.1%. BLAST searches yielded no close matches to sequences from other  Anastrepha species. Six larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  Anastrepha sp. Peru 82 with either three or two votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.text	296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16	<div><p>Anastrepha sp. Sur-16</p><p>Figs 109-112, 113-118, 119-122</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Suriname • 8 larvae; Brokopondo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.069&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.1506" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.069/lat 5.1506)">Bergendal Amazonia Wellness Resort</a>; 5.1506°N, 55.0690°W; 16 m a.s.l.; 10 May 2018;  A. Muller leg.; reared from fruit of  Quararibea guianensis Aubl. ( Malvaceae); FSCA (AP20191024.03-AP20191024.07, AP20201117.01-AP20201117.03)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The larvae of  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 differs from other species of  Anastrepha in having deeply dentate posterior margin of the oral ridges and group of small cuticular processes located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. The posterior margins of the oral ridges resemble those of  A. haplacantha, but that species lacks the comb-like processes. It can be further distinguished from  A. haplacantha, in having fewer oral ridges, fewer tubules on the prothoracic spiracle, and greater basal width of the posterior spiracle.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.10-8.60 mm and width 1.52-1.62 mm at the sixth abdominal segment.</p><p>Pseudocephalon (Figs 109 - 113). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost an obtuse angle. Preoral organ bearing 1-3 peg sensilla, located apically on a large, elongated-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, short-elongate, narrow, extending partially posterior to lobe bearing preoral organ. A group of small cuticular processes arranged in at least two rows arising distally from the medial preoral lobe, located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. Oral ridges in 13-16 rows, 10-13 anterior ridges with deeply dentate margins, projections closely spaced, two or three posterior ridges with entire margins; numerous accessory plates present covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins, medial and posterior plates in two or more series; 7-9 comb-like processes adjacent to labium. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla.</p><p>Cephaloskeleton (Figs 114-116). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.13-1.18 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.22-0.23 mm; length b 0.16-0.17 mm; height c 0.16-0.17 mm; ratio a:b 1.30-1.41; ratio a:c 1.34-1.40. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with eroded surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.20-0.21 mm long, 0.13-0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25-0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.50-0.54 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30-0.35 mm and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.61-0.66. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.73-0.73 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.40-1.49  × as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu.</p><p>Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with five rows, forming scalloped plates; T2 with three rows; T3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T1 with ten rows; T2 with three or four rows; T3 with one or two rows. Abdominal segments all lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with three rows, A2 with six or seven rows; A3 with 6-10 rows, A4 with eight or nine rows; A5 to A7 with seven or eight rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, one or two rows laterally, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes.</p><p>Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 117, 118). Bilobed, bearing 12-17 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.23-0.28 mm; basal width 0.09-0.11 mm at junction with trachea.</p><p>Caudal segment (Figs 119, 120). Dorsal (D1) tubercles moderately developed, D2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla moderately developed; I1 distinctly ventral to I2. L1, V1 and V2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant.</p><p>Posterior spiracle (Figs 119, 121, 122). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69-80  µm long; 24-27  µm wide; ratio length/width 2.9-3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 129-168  µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 13-18 trunks and 19-34 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.5-1.8; basal width 29-36  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.39-0.44. SP-II comprising 5-8 trunks and 7-18 tips. SP-III comprising 8-13 trunks and 14-24 tips. SP-IV comprising 13-17 trunks and 25-40 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.92-2.35; basal width 23-34  µm; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.33-0.45.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 is known only from Suriname (Brokopondo).</p><p>Biology.</p><p>We reared this species from fruit of  Quararibea guianensis, the first host plant record. Larvae feed on the pulp.</p><p>Molecular identification.</p><p>COI barcodes were generated from five larvae and two adults and submitted to GenBank (MT644074-MT644078, MT672219-MT672220). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 larvae and the adult sequences ranged from 0.02-1.2%. BLAST searches yielded no close matches to sequences of other  Anastrepha species. The five larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of  Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 with either three or two votes (Moore et al. in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodriguez, Erick J.;Steck, Gary J.;Moore, Matthew R.;Norrbom, Allen L.;Diaz, Jessica;Somma, Louis A.;Ruiz-Arce, Raul;Sutton, Bruce D.;Nolazco, Norma;Muller, Alies;Branham, Marc A.	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
