taxonID	type	description	language	source
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	description	Figs 1 - 5, 6 - 11, 12 - 13	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mexico • 4 larvae; Veracruz, Xalapa, Papantla; 20.3992 ° N, 97.3469 ° W; 72 m a. s. l.; Jul. 1998; M. Aluja leg.; reared from fruit of Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae); FSCA (AP 20171024.07, AP 20190827.04, AP 20180726.01 - AP 20180726.02).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anastrepha aphelocentema runs to A. leptozona Hendel in the key of Steck et al. (1990), and to two species (A. leptozona and A. serpentina) in that of Carroll et al. (2004). It differs from all species within the Anastrepha mucronota group in having the posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates finely serrate or entire. In addition, A. aphelocentema can be separated from A. curvicauda (Gerstaecker) by the position of the preoral organ (lateral vs. anterior to the mouthhook), and from A. curitis Stone in having a higher number of oral ridges (12 - 14 vs. 8 - 11). It can be also distinguished from most other species for which larvae have been described by the number of tubules of the prothoracic spiracle (24 - 27). This includes larvae of A. pallens Coquillett of the daciformis group (17 - 22 tubules), various species of the Anastrepha fraterculus group (9 - 22; see Rodriguez et al. 2021), A. grandis (Macquart) of the Anastrepha grandis group (31 - 37), A. leptozona of the Anastrepha leptozona group (15 - 21), two species of the pseudoparallela group (A. limae Stone with 18 - 21, and A. consobrina (Loew) with 12 - 15), two species of the Anastrepha spatulata group (A. pickeli Lima with 16 - 23, and A. interrupta Stone 10 - 13), two species of the Anastrepha serpentina group (A. pulchra Stone with 18 - 23, and A. serpentina (Wiedemann) with 13 - 19), and two species of the Anastrepha striata group (A. bistrigata Bezzi with 13 - 20, and A. striata Schiner with 11 - 18). The larva of Anastrepha sagittata Stone (dentata group), reared from seeds of the related species Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni, was described with limited data (Baker et al. 1944) but can be morphologically separated from A. aphelocentema by the longer and narrower posterior spiracle openings.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and truncate posteriorly; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 11.00 - 11.77 mm and width 2.03 - 2.12 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 1 - 4). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing three unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe or on separate small cylindrical lobe (asymmetrical in Fig. 1) lateral to the mouthhook; three or four petal-like secondary lobes adjacent to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 12 - 14 rows, posterior margin finely serrate or entire; 15 - 17 accessory plates, posterior margin usually serrate, most oral ridges bordered with single accessory plate laterally, except anterior 2 - 5 plates in two series, plates much narrower than ridges. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 1), ventrally with two visible sensilla and tubercles. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 5 - 7). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.31 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.28 mm; length b 0.22 mm; height c 0.20 mm; ratio a: b 1.29; ratio a: c 1.4. Tooth long, sharp, deeply concave ventrally, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface rough. Intermediate sclerite 0.22 - 0.23 mm long, 0.16 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.35 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.50 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.33 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.7. Ventral cornu with poorly defined sclerotized area along edge of notch. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.81 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.63 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly posteriorly curved; dorsal spinule pattern, as follows: T 1 with 5 - 7 rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with four or five rows; T 3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 5 - 7 rows; T 2 with 0 - 2 rows; T 3 with two rows. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with six or seven rows; A 2 with 10 - 12 rows; A 3 - A 6 with 14 - 18 rows; A 8 with 12 - 16 rows. Additional four or five discontinuous rows of spinules surrounding anal lobes, spinules all equally small, basally broad, distally sharply pointed, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 8, 9). Bilobed, bearing 24 - 27 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single, sinuous row laterally and double row medially. Spiracle distal width 0.35 - 0.36 mm; basal width 0.19 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 10, 11). Dorsal tubercles and sensilla weakly developed, D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles (I 1 and I 2) moderately developed, I 1 lateral and sometimes slightly dorsal to I 2, associated sensilla weakly developed. Lateral (L 1) tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed, V 1 distinctly posterior to V 2. Anal lobe entire or grooved and moderately protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 10, 12, 13). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 94 - 101 µm long; 35 - 37 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.68 - 2.72. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 190 - 191 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 4 - 9 trunks and 12 - 21 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.3 - 3.0; basal width 9 - 12 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.09 - 0.12. SP-II comprising three or four trunks and seven or eight tips. SP-III comprising 3 - 7 trunks and 6 - 12 tips. SP-IV comprising 3 - 7 trunks and 10 - 15 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.14 - 3.33; basal width 9 - 10 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.09 - 0.11.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha aphelocentema is known only from Mexico (northern Veracruz and San Luis Potosi) (Aluja et al. 2000; Norrbom 2004; Hernandez-Ortiz 2007; CoFFHI 2020).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
AD80565F5192593DAD3478EDDAD1142A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species was reared from fruit of Pouteria glomerata. It has been previously reared from fruits of Casimiroa edulis La Llave and Lex. (Rutaceae) (Hernandez-Ortiz 1992) and Pouteria glomerata (Sapotaceae) (Stone 1942; Baker et al. 1944; Norrbom and Kim 1988; Aluja et al. 2000; Hernandez-Ortiz 2007).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	description	Figs 14 - 19, 20 - 25, 26 - 27	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Peru • 13 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de Investigacion y Capacitacion Rio Los Amigos (CICRA), trail 2; 12.5612 ° S, 70.1085 ° W; 287 m a. s. l.; 28 Jan. 2014; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea malacocalyx (A. Robyns and S. Nilsson) W. S. Alverson (Malvaceae); FSCA (AP 20180321.05 - AP 20180321.14, AP 20190827.07 - AP 20190827.09).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anastrepha caballeroi can be distinguished from all other species of Anastrepha by the dentate posterior margins of its accessory plates; in other species of the Anastrepha mucronota group the margins of the oral ridges are serrate or mostly or entirely fringed (see Tables 2 - 4). It also differs from all other Anastrepha species in having 27 - 36 accessory plates mostly in two series and covering a much larger area than the oral ridges.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 10.24 - 10.61 mm and width 1.66 - 1.69 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 14 - 18). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing 1 - 3 unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on small cylindrical lobe anterolateral to mouthhook, with or without one or two adjacent finger-like lobes; preoral lobe elongate, split apically, extending posterior to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 14 or 15 short rows, posterior margin entire or undulant (occasionally 1 - 3 posterior ridges emarginate); 27 - 36 accessory plates, posterior margin deeply dentate with sharply pointed teeth, anterior and posterior plates in one series, medial plates in two series, plates covering much larger area than oral ridges. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 14), ventrally with two visible sensilla on small tubercles. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 19 - 21). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.26 - 1.31 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.28 - 0.29 mm; length b 0.21 - 0.23 mm; height c 0.18 - 0.20 mm; ratio a: b 1.28 - 1.37; ratio a: c 1.45 - 1.63. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface eroded. Intermediate sclerite 0.21 - 0.23 mm long, 0.13 - 0.15 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite short, robust, sclerotized in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.27 - 0.29 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.51 - 0.54 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30 - 0.34 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.59 - 0.63. Ventral cornu with poorly defined sclerotized area. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.79 - 0.83 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.54 - 1.56 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern in rows as follows: T 1 with three rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with three rows; T 3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with seven or eight rows; T 2 with three rows; T 3 with 0 - 2 rows. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with two or three rows; A 2 with six or seven rows; A 3 with seven or eight rows; A 4 - A 5 with 7 - 9 rows; A 6 with seven or eight rows, A 7 - A 8 with six or seven rows. Additional three or four anterior and posterior discontinuous rows of spinules, and one or two lateral rows around anal lobes, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 22, 23). Bilobed, bearing 17 - 21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.28 - 0.33 mm; basal width 0.13 - 0.16 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 24, 25). Dorsal tubercles and sensilla well developed, D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles (I 1 and I 2) moderately developed, I 1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I 2, associated sensilla weakly developed. Lateral (L 1) and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and moderately protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 24, 26, 27). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 76 - 89 µm long; 31 - 37 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.4 - 2.5. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 143 - 184 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 5 - 8 trunks and 10 - 18 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.0 - 2.3; basal width 7 - 13 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.08 - 0.15. SP-II comprising 3 - 5 trunks and 3 - 10 tips. SP-III comprising 4 - 7 trunks and 4 - 12 tips. SP-IV comprising 4 - 7 trunks and 7 - 17 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.8 - 2.4; basal width 5 - 7 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.06 - 0.08.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha caballeroi is known only from southeastern Peru (Cusco and Madre de Dios).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
9E1C2ABD61CC59718C7B0B7C5212416B.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea malacocalyx, the only known host plant (Norrbom et al. 2015). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	description	Figs 28 - 32, 33 - 38, 39 - 40	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Peru • 4 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de Investigacion y Capacitacion Rio Los Amigos (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5721 ° S, 70.0889 ° W; 232 m a. s. l.; 22 Mar. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii K. Schumann and O. Ulbrich (Malvaceae); FSCA (AP 20180315.6 - AP 20180315.10, AP 20180329.08, AP 20210415.01).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anastrepha crebra can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha, except A. nolazcoae, Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82, and Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, by the fringed posterior margin of its oral ridges. Anastrepha crebra differs from the latter three species in having fewer oral ridges, a higher number of trunks and tips of the posterior spiracular processes, and shorter spiracular opening length on the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 6.83 - 7.36 mm and width 1.10 - 1.21 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 28 - 31). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at oblique angle to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing one peg sensillum, located apically on small cylindrical lobe anterolateral to the mouthhook, with two or three adjacent irregular secondary lobes; preoral lobe elongate, broad, extending slightly posterior to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 13 - 15 rows, posterior margins fringed; accessory plates apparently in one series lateral to oral ridges covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium narrow, surface channeled medially, ventrally with two visible sensilla on small tubercles. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 32 - 34). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.08 - 1.13 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.23 - 0.29 mm; length b 0.16 - 0.17 mm; height c 0.16 - 0.20 mm; ratio a: b 1.44 - 1.71; ratio a: c 1.44 - 1.45. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with medial carina, ventral surface smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.18 - 0.20 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.23 - 0.24 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.42 - 0.48 mm long. Dorsal bridge projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.36 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.75 - 0.85. Ventral cornu with weakly defined sclerotized area. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.62 - 0.65 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.4 - 1.5 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinules pattern in rows as follows: T 1 with 9 - 11 rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with 3 - 5 rows; T 3 with one or two rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 11 - 15 rows; T 2 and T 3 lacking spinules. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with four rows; A 2 with 8 - 10 rows; A 3 with 10 - 13 rows; A 4 with 12 rows; A 5 with 11 - 13 rows; A 6 with 11 or 12 rows, A 7 with 9 - 11 rows; A 8 with nine or ten rows. Additional three anterior and posterior and two lateral irregular rows of spinules surrounding anal lobes, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 35, 36). Bilobed, bearing 16 - 21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.22 - 0.24 mm; basal width 0.09 - 0.10 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 37, 38). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2) tubercles and sensilla moderately developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 and associated sensilla moderately developed; I 1 ventral to I 2. L 1, V 1, and V 2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 37, 39, 40). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 58 - 73 µm long; 21 - 25 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.8 - 2.9. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 127 - 135 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 14 - 18 trunks and 33 - 51 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.4 - 2.8; basal width 20 - 30 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.33 - 0.41. SP-II comprising 5 - 7 trunks and 11 - 23 tips. SP-III comprising 8 - 13 trunks and 21 - 32 tips. SP-IV comprising 14 - 20 trunks and 31 - 39 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.0 - 2.2; basal width 16 - 28 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.28 - 0.39.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha crebra is known from Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador (Norrbom 2004; CoFFHI 2020), and Colombia (Rodriguez Clavijo et al. 2018). It is recorded for the first time from Peru.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
D651CF719C2D5B75BBD231E2E795D4F2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This species was reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii, a new host plant record for A. crebra. It has been previously reared from fruits of Quararibea asterolepis Pittier (Malvaceae) (Stone 1942), Quararibea funebris (La Llave) Vischer (Malvaceae) (Hernandez-Ortiz and Perez-Alonso 1993; Aluja et al. 2000), and Quararibea yunckeri Standl. (Malvaceae) (Aluja et al. 2003).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	description	Figs 41 - 44, 45 - 50, 51 - 52	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ecuador • 4 larvae; Orellana, Estacion Cientifica Yasuni, trail 5; 0.6692 ° S, 76.4018 ° W; 235 m a. s. l.; 9 Mar. 2018; E. J. Rodriguez leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea malacocalyx; FSCA (AP 20200622.01 - AP 20200622.04).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anastrepha haplacantha can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha, except A. korytkowskii and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16, by the dentate posterior margin of its oral ridges. Anastrepha haplacantha differs from the latter two species in having more oral ridges, lacking comb-like processes, and by other morphological characters, such as number of trunks and tips of the posterior spiracular processes and basal width of the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 7.58 - 8.31 mm and width 1.04 - 1.42 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 41 - 44). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at an oblique angle to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing 2 - 4 peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe lateral to mouthhook, 3 - 5 short elongate single or bifid secondary lobes adjacent to preoral organ. Oral ridges in 19 or 20 rows, posterior margins dentate with long moderately spaced projections; numerous accessory plates lateral to oral ridges, some elongate and interleaved with oral ridges, covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium triangular, anterior surface with reclinate spines, ventrally with visible sensilla on small tubercles. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 45, 46). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.3 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, reddish orange; length a 0.31 - 0.32 mm; length b 0.21 - 0.22 mm; height c 0.22 - 0.24 mm; ratio a: b 1.45 - 1.46; ratio a: c 1.33 - 1.42. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface apparently smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.20 - 0.23 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, weakly sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25 - 0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu weakly sclerotized, 0.49 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite absent. Cornu notch (N) 0.35 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.7. Ventral cornu weakly sclerotized. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and 7 - 9 ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.85 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.7 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinules pattern in rows as follows: T 1 with 5 - 7 rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with three or four rows; T 3 with one row; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with seven rows; T 2 with four rows; T 3 with two rows. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with two or three rows; A 2 with six rows; A 3 with eight rows; A 4 with eight or nine; A 5 with eight or nine rows; A 6 with seven or eight rows; A 7 with eight rows; A 8 with eight rows. Additional three rows of irregular spinules anterior and posterior to anal lobes, lateral rows apparently absent, spinules large, conical, distally sharp, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 47, 48). Bilobed, bearing 20 - 24 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.32 - 0.35 mm; basal width 0.12 - 0.13 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 49, 50). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2), intermediate (I 1 and I 2), lateral (L 1), and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 and associated sensilla weakly developed; I 1 dorsal to I 2. L 1, V 1 and V 2 tubercles, and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 49, 51, 52). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69 - 80 µm long; 27 - 33 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.2 - 2.8. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 158 - 180 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9 - 12 trunks and 13 - 27 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.4 - 2.3; basal width 12 - 18 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.16 - 0.23. SP-II comprising 6 - 9 trunks and 8 - 19 tips. SP-III comprising 6 - 11 trunks and 12 - 24 tips. SP-IV comprising 9 - 12 trunks and 16 - 23 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.8 - 1.9; basal width 14 - 15 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.19 - 0.21.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha haplacantha is known only from Ecuador (Orellana) (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2012).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
CF13AB06BFBA5FDAA6FE45C341C271FC.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea malacocalyx, the first host plant record for A. haplacantha. The larvae feed only on the endocarp (developing seed) of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	description	Figs 53 - 57, 58 - 63, 64 - 65	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Peru • 2 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de Investigacion y Capacitacion Rio Los Amigos (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5721 ° S, 70.0889 ° W; 232 m a. s. l.; 17 Apr. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP 20180315.02 - AP 20180315.03) • 7 larvae; same, trail 11; 12.5636 ° S, 70.0847 ° W; 250 m a. s. l.; 4 Dec. 2015; R. Bustamante leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP 20180315.01, AP 20180315.04, AP 20180315.05, AP 20180321.03, AP 20180321.04, AP 20180329.01, AP 20180329.05) • 2 larvae; same, trail 21; 12.5708 ° S, 70.0847 ° W; 224 m a. s. l.; 2 Dec. 2015; R. Bustamante leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP 20180315.07, AP 20180516.13) • 8 larvae; same, trail 21; 12.5721 ° S, 70.0889 ° W; 232 m a. s. l.; 14 - 21 Mar. 2016; N. Zenteno leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea wittii; FSCA (AP 20180315.08, AP 20180315.09, AP 20180329.06, AP 20180329.07, AP 20180329.09 - AP 20180329.12).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The larvae of A. korytkowskii can be distinguished from those of other species of Anastrepha by its peculiar short preoral lobe medial to the lobe bearing the preoral organ, fringed posterior margins of the accessory plates, posterior margins of the oral ridges (2 - 5 anterior ridges dentate, medial and posterior ridges entire), and 3 - 5 comb-like processes adjacent to the labium and posterior to the oral ridges. The posterior margins of the accessory plates resemble those of A. crebra, A. haplacantha, A. nolazcoae, Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82, Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16, although in A. korytkowskii the posterior margins of the oral ridges are distinct (as shown above). Anastrepha korytkowskii further differs from the latter six species by the number of oral ridges, ventral surface of mouthhook, number of tubules and distal width of the prothoracic spiracle, and basal width of the posterior spiracle (see Tables 2 - 4).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 6.10 - 8.54 mm and width 0.93 - 1.57 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 53 - 56). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on small, elongate-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, slightly smaller and irregularly rounded. Oral ridges in 12 - 14 rows, margins of anterior 2 - 5 ridges irregularly dentate, margins of medial and posterior ridges entire (some sparsely notched); 3 - 5 comb-like processes adjacent to labium and posterior to oral ridges; 14 - 20 accessory plates in one series, but absent adjacent to the anterior five or six oral ridges, covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 57 - 59). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 0.76 - 0.86 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.16 - 0.18 mm; length b 0.10 - 0.13 mm; height c 0.11 - 0.13 mm; ratio a: b 1.4 - 1.6; ratio a: c 1.4 - 1.5. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally, ventral surface eroded. Intermediate sclerite 0.15 - 0.17 mm long, 0.13 - 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending for almost entire length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.19 - 0.21 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.36 - 0.46 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.24 - 0.29 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.6 - 0.7. Ventral cornu sclerotized between notch and pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and 7 - 9 ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.39 - 0.55 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.2 - 1.4 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with six or seven rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with 2 - 5 rows; T 3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 8 - 12 rows; T 2 with three rows; T 3 lacking spinules. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8); ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with one or two rows; A 2 with six or seven rows; A 3 with seven or eight rows; A 4 with seven or eight rows; A 5 with 6 - 8 rows; A 6 with eight rows; A 7 with 6 - 8 rows; A 8 with 6 - 8 rows. Additional 2 - 4 irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 60, 61). Bilobed, bearing 12 - 18 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.19 - 0.24 mm; basal width 0.07 - 0.10 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 62, 63). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2), intermediate (I 1 and I 2), lateral (L 1), and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I 1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I 2. Lateral (L 1) and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and very protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 62, 64, 65). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 56 - 77 µm long; 20 - 24 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.8 - 3.2. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 124 - 148 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9 - 15 trunks and 21 - 33 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.2 - 2.3; basal width 14 - 28 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.24 - 0.47. SP-II comprising 4 - 7 trunks and 9 - 17 tips. SP-III comprising 5 - 10 trunks and 12 - 19 tips. SP-IV comprising 8 - 15 trunks and 17 - 31 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.0 - 2.1; basal width 12 - 21 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.21 - 0.30.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha korytkowskii is known only from Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz) and eastern Peru (Cusco, Huanuco, Junin, and Madre de Dios).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
2322DD6EFED358AF8BAE458A6E143CDA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea wittii, the only known host plant (Norrbom et al. 2015). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	description	Figs 66 - 69, 70 - 75, 76 - 80	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Peru • 20 larvae; Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Centro de Investigacion y Capacitacion Rio Los Amigos (CICRA), trail 21; 12.5722 ° S, 70.0885 ° W; 233 m a. s. l.; 1 - 5 Feb. 2014; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea cordata; FSCA (AP 20180222.01 - AP 20180222.10, AP 20180206.01 - AP 20180206.10).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The larva of A. nolazcoae differs from those of all other species of Anastrepha that have been adequately described by the combination of having fringed posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates, and the presence of 6 - 8 comb-like processes adjacent to the labium. The posterior margins of the oral ridges and accessory plates resemble those of A. crebra, A. haplacantha, Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82, and Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, but those species lack the comb-like processes. In addition, A. nolazcoae resembles A. korytkowskii and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 in the presence of comb-like processes, but A. nolazcoae can be distinguished from them by the fringed posterior margins of its oral ridges. Other characters such as the ventral surface of the mouthhook, number of tubules and apical width of the prothoracic spiracle, and dorsal spinules on thoracic segments further differentiate A. nolazcoae (see Tables 2 - 4). Anastrepha nolazcoae shares the same host plant, Quararibea cordata, with species within the Anastrepha fraterculus group (A. fraterculus complex), Anastrepha mucronota group (A. mucronota), and Anastrepha striata group (A. striata). The larva of A. mucronota was described with limited data (Steyskal 1977) but can be morphologically separated from A. nolazcoae by the lower number of oral ridges (13 - 15 vs. 16 - 19) and dorsal irregularly light brown plaques on the abdominal segments (present vs. absent). The description of A. mucronota lacks information for most of the characters of the pseudocepalon (Table 2) and most of the available data overlap with those of A. nolazcoae (Table 3, 4). Anastrepha nolazcoae differs from five morphotypes within the A. fraterculus complex (Canal et al. 2015, 2018) and A. striata as follows: 1) greater number of oral ridges (16 - 19; see the dichotomous key in Steck et al. 1990), except unknown for Andean and Peruvian morphotypes of A. fraterculus complex; 2) posterior margin of oral ridges fringed in A. nolazcoae, irregularly serrate in A. fraterculus (Brazil- 1 and Ecuadorian morphotypes), scalloped or emarginate in A. fraterculus (Mexican morphotype), entire or serrate in A. striata; and 3) approximately 36 accessory plates with fringed posterior margins in A. nolazcoae, apparently seven plates and serrate in A. fraterculus (Ecuadorian morphotypes; see plate 4 b in White and Elson-Harris 1992), eight plates and serrate in A. fraterculus (Mexican morphotype), 8 - 9 plates and entire in A. striata. Anastrepha nolazcoae differs further from the A. fraterculus complex in having a greater number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle (18 - 21 vs. 9 - 18 in Anastrepha fraterculus complex, see Rodriguez et al. 2021), although in this character it overlaps with A. striata.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 5.33 - 11.76 mm and width 0.93 - 1.92 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 66 - 70). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on a small, elongate-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, short-elongate, extending partially posterior to lobe bearing preoral organ. Oral ridges in 16 - 19 rows, 13 - 15 anterior ridges with fringed posterior margins, three or four posterior ridges entire, undulant; 6 - 8 comb-like processes adjacent to labium and posterior to oral ridges; approximately 36 accessory plates lateral to oral ridges covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins as on oral ridges, in two series. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 71 - 73). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 0.69 - 1.10 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.20 - 0.23 mm; length b 0.12 - 0.15 mm; height c 0.14 - 0.17 mm; ratio a: b 1.5 - 1.7; ratio a: c 1.3 - 1.4. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with weak medial carina, ventral surface smooth. Intermediate sclerite 0.16 - 0.20 mm long, 0.18 - 0.21 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.23 - 0.29 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.38 - 0.53 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.25 - 0.34 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.6 - 0.7. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area between notch and pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.44 - 0.71 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.18 - 1.34 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 3 - 5 rows; T 2 with 3 - 5 rows; T 3 with one or two rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 8 - 11 rows; T 2 with four or five rows; T 3 with three or four rows. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8); ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with three or four rows; A 2 with six or seven rows; A 3 - A 6 with 6 - 8 rows; A 7 with six or seven rows; A 8 with 6 - 9 rows. Additional two or three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, two rows laterally, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 74, 75). Bilobed, bearing 18 - 21 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.26 - 0.34 mm; basal width 0.12 - 0.17 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 76, 77). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2), intermediate (I 1 and I 2), lateral (L 1), and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I 1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I 2. L 1, V 1, and V 2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and very protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 76, 78 - 80). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 83 - 108 µm long; 27 - 32 µm wide; ratio length / width 3.0 - 3.4. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 187 - 210 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 8 - 11 trunks and 9 - 26 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.1 - 2.4; basal width 9 - 15 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.09 - 0.17. SP-II comprising 3 - 7 trunks and 6 - 14 tips. SP-III comprising 3 - 9 trunks and 5 - 20 tips. SP-IV comprising 4 - 12 trunks and 8 - 24 tips; ratio tips / trunks 2.0; basal width 7 - 12 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.08 - 0.12.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha nolazcoae is known only from Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Huanuco, San Martin) (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2011; Barr et al. 2017; Bartolini et al. 2020).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
A7DD3B4D0B135BDD836A42A92DCA9644.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea cordata, the only known host. It was previously reared from the same fruit in Peru: Huanuco: Tingo Maria (Norrbom and Korytkowski 2011). The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	description	Figs 95 - 99, 100 - 105, 106 - 108	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ecuador • 5 larvae; Orellana, Estacion Cientifica Yasuni, trail 6, near tower; 0.6805 ° S, 76.3851 ° W; 247 m a. s. l.; 6 Jan. 2018; M. R. Steck, G. J. Steck, E. J. Rodriguez and A. Padilla leg.; reared from fruit of Sterculia frondosa Rich. (Malvaceae); FSCA (AP 20180321.01, AP 20180321.02, AP 20200622.09 - AP 20200622.11).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The larva of Anastrepha sp. near Anastrepha protuberans differs from those of other species of Anastrepha except A. crebra, A. haplacantha, A. korytkowskii, A. nolazcoae, Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82, and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 by the fringed posterior margins of their oral ridges and accessory plates. Anastrepha sp. near Anastrepha protuberans can be distinguished from the latter six species in having a greater apical width of the prothoracic spiracle and slit length of the posterior spiracle. The number of oral ridges, number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle, and dorsal spinule pattern on the thoracic segments further distinguish Anastrepha sp. near Anastrepha protuberans from species in the Anastrepha mucronota group (see Tables 2, 3).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 14.43 - 17.15 mm and width 2.52 - 2.68 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 95 - 98). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned at strongly oblique angle to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask globular in lateral view. Preoral organ bearing three unbranched peg sensilla, located apically on simple elongate preoral lobe lateral to mouthhook. Oral ridges in 18 - 23 rows, posterior margins densely and evenly fringed; accessory plates present covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins longer than oral ridges, apparently in one series. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla and tubercles. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 99 - 101). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.48 - 1.51 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.34 - 0.35 mm; length b 0.24 - 0.25 mm; height c 0.26 - 0.28 mm; ratio a: b 1.41 - 1.46; ratio a: c 1.25 - 1.30. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with smooth surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.24 - 0.26 mm long, 0.15 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.33 - 0.35 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.64 - 0.74 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.37 - 0.52 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.57 - 0.69. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight or nine ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.93 - 1.01 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.26 - 1.57 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with three rows; T 2 with four or five rows; T 3 with four rows; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with 13 or 14 rows; T 2 with 4 - 6 rows; T 3 with 3 - 5 rows. Abdominal segments with dorsal spinules as follows: A 1 with two rows; A 2 - A 8 lacking spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with 5 - 8 rows; A 2 with 6 - 9 rows; A 3 with eight or nine rows; A 4 with 9 - 12 rows; A 5 with 8 - 12 rows; A 6 with 9 - 11 rows; A 7 with seven or eight rows; A 8 with 6 - 9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anterior and posterior to anal lobes, lateral rows apparently absent, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 102, 103). Bilobed, bearing 22 - 30 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single, sinuous row except medially when spacing is irregular. Spiracle distal width 0.41 - 0.44 mm; basal width 0.18 - 0.20 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 104, 105). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla moderately developed; I 1 distinctly anterior to I 2. L 1, V 1, and V 2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 104, 106 - 108). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 122 - 145 µm long; 40 - 48 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.8 - 3.4. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 271 - 305 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 5 - 11 trunks and 9 - 20 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.4 - 2.5; basal width 8 - 11 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.06 - 0.08. SP-II comprising 4 - 9 trunks and 11 - 19 tips. SP-III comprising 4 - 8 trunks and 7 - 16 tips. SP-IV comprising 7 - 10 trunks and 14 - 21 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.55 - 2.6; basal width 9 - 12 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.07 - 0.09.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha sp. near Anastrepha protuberans is known only from Ecuador and Peru.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
EAB6F498A56B5DEC965F2C24B9AEA425.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We collected larvae of this species from fruit of Sterculia frondosa, the first host plant record. The larvae feed only on the seeds of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	description	Figs 81 - 85, 86 - 91, 92 - 94	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Peru • 6 larvae; Loreto, Iquitos, ExplorNapo, main trail; 3.2547 ° S, 72.9133 ° W; 132 m a. s. l.; 11 Feb. 2015; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of Scleronema praecox; FSCA (AP 20180109.02, AP 20180124.03, AP 20180124.04, AP 20190827.10 - AP 20190827.12).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The larva of Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82 differs from those of other species of Anastrepha, except A. crebra, A. haplacantha, A. korytkowskii, A. nolazcoae, Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans, and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16, in having the posterior margins of the accessory plates fringed. It differs from all other species except A. korytkowskii, A. nolazcoae, and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 by the position of its preoral organ anterior to the mouthhook, and short preoral lobe. Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82 can be further distinguished from A. crebra in having a higher number of oral ridges, and it further differs from A. korytkowskii, A. nolazcoae, and Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 in lacking comb-like processes adjacent to the labium. The number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle and the dorsal spinule pattern on the thoracic segments are useful to further distinguish Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82 from other species in the Anastrepha mucronota group (see Table 3).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.71 - 10.94 mm and width 1.40 - 1.72 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 81 - 84). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on a small, rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe of broad, irregular shape, approximately double size of lobe bearing preoral organ and extending partially posterior to it. Oral ridges in 22 or 23 rows, all densely fringed with very long, thin, tapering, pointed projections, but 8 - 12 posterior ridges with short weakly dentate section medially; numerous accessory plates present, with fringed posterior margins, in one or more series and overlapping with oral ridges (unable to distinguish end points). Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 81), ventrally with visible sensilla. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 85 - 87). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.0 - 1.28 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.25 - 0.28 mm; length b 0.18 - 0.20 mm; height c 0.17 - 0.20 mm; ratio a: b 1.31 - 1.41; ratio a: c 1.39 - 1.50. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with medial carina and smooth surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.23 - 0.26 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.22 - 0.24 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.48 - 0.64 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and strongly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30 - 0.43 mm long and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.63 - 0.67. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.58 - 0.81 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.20 - 1.45 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with two rows; T 2 with five or six rows; T 3 with two or three rows; ventral spinules as follows: T 1 with 7 - 10 rows; T 2 with 3 - 5 rows; T 3 with two or three rows. Abdominal segments (A 1 - A 8) lacking dorsal spinules, except A 1 with three rows; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with three or four rows; A 2 with 7 - 9 rows; A 3 with eight or nine rows; A 4 with nine or ten rows; A 5 with ten rows; A 6 with 8 - 10 rows; A 7 with 9 - 11 rows; A 8 with 6 - 9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, two rows laterally; spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 88, 89). Bilobed, bearing 23 - 29 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.28 - 0.35 mm; basal width 0.12 - 0.16 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 90, 91). Dorsal (D 1 and D 2), intermediate (I 1 and I 2), lateral (L 1), and ventral (V 1 and V 2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I 1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I 2. L 1, V 1 and V 2 most very weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and moderately protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 90, 92 - 94). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 84 - 97 µm long; 29 - 34 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.6 - 3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 185 - 212 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9 - 11 trunks and 12 - 20 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.3 - 1.8; basal width 12 - 15 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.14 - 0.16. SP-II comprising 4 - 5 trunks and 5 - 12 tips. SP-III comprising 4 - 8 trunks and 5 - 13 tips. SP-IV comprising 7 - 11 trunks and 13 - 16 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.45 - 1.85; basal width 9 - 19 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.11 - 0.19.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha sp. Peru- 82 is only known from Peru (Loreto).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
C61F1AED2EC750FC9CBAF73DD8755A73.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Scleronema praecox, the first host plant record. The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	description	Figs 109 - 112, 113 - 118, 119 - 122	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Suriname • 8 larvae; Brokopondo, Bergendal Amazonia Wellness Resort; 5.1506 ° N, 55.0690 ° W; 16 m a. s. l.; 10 May 2018; A. Muller leg.; reared from fruit of Quararibea guianensis Aubl. (Malvaceae); FSCA (AP 20191024.03 - AP 20191024.07, AP 20201117.01 - AP 20201117.03).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The larvae of Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 differs from other species of Anastrepha in having deeply dentate posterior margin of the oral ridges and group of small cuticular processes located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. The posterior margins of the oral ridges resemble those of A. haplacantha, but that species lacks the comb-like processes. It can be further distinguished from A. haplacantha, in having fewer oral ridges, fewer tubules on the prothoracic spiracle, and greater basal width of the posterior spiracle.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	description	Description. Habitus. Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.10 - 8.60 mm and width 1.52 - 1.62 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 109 - 113). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by a collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost an obtuse angle. Preoral organ bearing 1 - 3 peg sensilla, located apically on a large, elongated-rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe separate, short-elongate, narrow, extending partially posterior to lobe bearing preoral organ. A group of small cuticular processes arranged in at least two rows arising distally from the medial preoral lobe, located adjacent to the mouthhook and posterior to the preoral organ. Oral ridges in 13 - 16 rows, 10 - 13 anterior ridges with deeply dentate margins, projections closely spaced, two or three posterior ridges with entire margins; numerous accessory plates present covering a much smaller area than oral ridges, with fringed posterior margins, medial and posterior plates in two or more series; 7 - 9 comb-like processes adjacent to labium. Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby, ventrally with two visible sensilla. Cephaloskeleton (Figs 114 - 116). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.13 - 1.18 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.22 - 0.23 mm; length b 0.16 - 0.17 mm; height c 0.16 - 0.17 mm; ratio a: b 1.30 - 1.41; ratio a: c 1.34 - 1.40. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with eroded surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.20 - 0.21 mm long, 0.13 - 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.25 - 0.26 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.50 - 0.54 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and slightly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30 - 0.35 mm and cornu notch index (N / DC) 0.61 - 0.66. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and eight ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.73 - 0.73 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.40 - 1.49 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Thoracic and abdominal segments. Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with five rows, forming scalloped plates; T 2 with three rows; T 3 lacking spinules; ventral spinule pattern as follows: T 1 with ten rows; T 2 with three or four rows; T 3 with one or two rows. Abdominal segments all lacking dorsal spinules; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A 1 with three rows, A 2 with six or seven rows; A 3 with 6 - 10 rows, A 4 with eight or nine rows; A 5 to A 7 with seven or eight rows; A 8 with 6 - 9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, one or two rows laterally, spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 117, 118). Bilobed, bearing 12 - 17 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.23 - 0.28 mm; basal width 0.09 - 0.11 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 119, 120). Dorsal (D 1) tubercles moderately developed, D 2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed; D 1 distinctly anterior to D 2. Intermediate tubercles I 1 and I 2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla moderately developed; I 1 distinctly ventral to I 2. L 1, V 1 and V 2 tubercles and associated sensilla weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 119, 121, 122). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 69 - 80 µm long; 24 - 27 µm wide; ratio length / width 2.9 - 3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 129 - 168 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 13 - 18 trunks and 19 - 34 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.5 - 1.8; basal width 29 - 36 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.39 - 0.44. SP-II comprising 5 - 8 trunks and 7 - 18 tips. SP-III comprising 8 - 13 trunks and 14 - 24 tips. SP-IV comprising 13 - 17 trunks and 25 - 40 tips; ratio tips / trunks 1.92 - 2.35; basal width 23 - 34 µm; ratio basal width / length of spiracular opening 0.33 - 0.45.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Anastrepha sp. Sur- 16 is known only from Suriname (Brokopondo).	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
296E5D1D8FE95696ABFB52A1D3A8D186.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Quararibea guianensis, the first host plant record. Larvae feed on the pulp.	en	Rodriguez, Erick J., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Norrbom, Allen L., Diaz, Jessica, Somma, Louis A., Ruiz-Arce, Raul, Sutton, Bruce D., Nolazco, Norma, Muller, Alies, Branham, Marc A. (2022): Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 1127: 155-215, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628
