identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E4F6447456FFC3FF5FF91DFF1B94A8.text	03E4F6447456FFC3FF5FF91DFF1B94A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aloe immaculata Pillans 1934	<div><p>Aloe immaculata Pillans (1934: 25)</p> <p>(Fig. 1).</p> <p>Also treated in: Groenewald (1941: 134), Reynolds (1950: 239), Judd (1967: 28, plate 7), Jeppe (1969: 81), Bornman &amp; Hardy (1971: 101), Jacobsen (1977: 84), Jacobsen (1986: 170), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (1996: 200), Newton (2001: 143), Smith (2003: 32), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (2003: 204), Smith &amp; Van Wyk (2008: 89), Carter et al. (2011: 185), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (2014: 240), Klopper (2015: 342, 592), Newton (2020: 579).</p> <p>Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province, Pietersburg [Polokwane] district, Malips Drift, s.d., s.c. s.n., Flowered in Stellenbosch University Garden, August 1933, H. Herre SUG6774 (holotype BOL [Image available at https://plants. jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.bol140159]).</p> <p>Nomenclatural note on the type of the name Aloe immaculata:— Reynolds (1950: 240) noted that the type specimen of A. immaculata is not typical of the species. This could be because the plant was cultivated outside of its natural distribution range or as a result of possible hybridisation at the original collecting site (see further under ‘Notes’ below). It is not known by who and when the plant that provided the type material was collected in the field. When it flowered in August 1933 in the Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden, a specimen was prepared by the then curator of the garden, Hans Herre. This specimen was designated as type when Pillans (1934) described A. immaculata as a new species.</p> <p>Description:—Plants medium-sized, low-growing, solitary, rosette erect, up to 450 mm tall. Stem ± absent or short, to 100(–150) mm long, simple, thickened lower down if present, clothed in persistent, twisted, dried leaves. Leaves very densely rosulate, erect at first, then horizontally spreading, lanceolate-attenuate, (150–)250(–300) mm long, (60–)70(–80) mm wide at base, apical portion dry, twisted; adaxial surface dull green to brownish green, usually immaculate, or with very few scattered spots towards base, faintly to distinctly longitudinally brownish- to greenish- to purplish-lined, lines narrow, not confluent, adaxially flat to canaliculate, texture smooth; abaxial surface dull greyish green to brownish green, immaculate, paler than adaxial surface, sometimes very finely greenish-lined; margins shiny brown to shiny reddish brown, armed with prominent, short, very pungent, elongated deltoid, shiny-brown, yellowishtipped teeth, 4–5(–6) mm long, (7–)10(–5) mm apart, straight to variously curved towards leaf base; exudate drying purple. Inflorescence usually only one produced per season, to ± 1 m tall, erect to slightly leaning, (6–)10(–16)- branched panicle, usually branched below middle, branches gracefully curved upwards; peduncle stout, lacking sterile bracts below racemes, panicle branches subtended by prominent fertile bracts of 15–50 mm long, irregularly deltoid to lanceolate-triangular, dull light brown to creamy white, drying rapidly, distinctly longitudinally dark brown lined. Racemes subcapitate to conical and round-topped, tapering upwards or round-topped, 100–130 mm long, 80–90 mm wide where flowers are at anthesis, rather densely flowered; buds erect to erectly spreading, flowers pendulous at anthesis. Floral bracts narrowly lanceolate, variously twisted, 8–12 mm long, much narrower than fertile bracts, as long as or slightly shorter than pedicels, creamy white, drying rapidly, 3–many dark brown-nerved. Pedicels (10–) 12– 15 mm long, orange to reddish orange when young, light green with age. Flowers: perianth: buds ± uniformly coral red to dull pink, dark-tipped; open flowers ± uniformly coral red, orange or pink for basal ⅔, alternately light pink and dark-coloured in apical ⅓, ± 28–34 mm long, ± 6–7 mm across ovary, narrowed above ovary to yield bulbous base, distinctly enlarged towards mouth, middle ± straight to down-curved, widening towards mouth; tips of segments slightly spreading, outer segments free for ⅓ of their length; stamens with filiform-flattened filaments, uniformly light yellow, exserted for up to 1–2 mm; ovary 6–7 mm long, 3 mm in diam., light green; style well-exserted, uniformly light yellow; stigma tiny, very slightly capitate, yellowish. Fruit a light green to purplish green capsule, 15–20 × 8–10 mm, dry remains of perigone persistent for long time. Seed not seen. Chromosome number: 2 n = 14 (Riley &amp; Majumdar 1979: 46).</p> <p>Flowering time: — Aloe immaculata flowers between May and August (winter in the southern hemisphere), and often into September (spring).</p> <p>Habitat: — Aloe immaculata grows in often very dense grassy patches in bushveld (savanna) vegetation.</p> <p>Distribution: — Aloe immaculata is only known with certainty from the Chuenespoort and Malipsdrift areas in Limpopo province, South Africa (Fig. 3). Outlying forms resembling A. immaculata have been recorded from Makapan’s Valley further to the west.</p> <p>Notes: —From unpublished correspondence (held at Herb. BOL) between G.W. Reynolds and N.S. Pillans, it is evident that Reynolds spent many hours studying the aloes at and near the type locality of A. immaculata during several visits to that area. Reynolds (1950) concluded that there is a high incidence of hybridisation among the winterflowering maculate aloes [namely A. immaculata, A. greatheadii, A. davyana, and A. mutans] in the region between Chuenespoort and the Olifants River (near Malipsdrift)—the natural geographic distribution range of A. immaculata. However, Reynolds was convinced, as are we, that A. immaculata represents a distinct species that is characterised by unspotted, distinctly brown-lined leaves in solitary rosettes, with racemes that are cylindrical and round-topped, and longer than in A. greatheadii, but shorter and not as pyramidal as in A. davyana. He concluded that, where plants have leaves with few to many, usually obscure spots, the inflorescences are either more capitate or more pyramidal, leading Reynolds to believe that these plants represent hybrids between A. immaculata and A. greatheadii or A. davyana, respectively (Reynolds 1950, and unpublished correspondence and notes held at Herbs BOL and PRE).</p> <p>Since the spellings ‘Chunies Poort’ or ‘Chuniespoort’ were used historically, including on specimen labels, these spellings are retained for the place names from where the specimens cited below were collected. Note though that the standardised spelling is ‘Chuenespoort’ (Raper et al. 2014: 71).</p> <p>Additional specimens investigated: — SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province. Malips River Valley, 11 July 1937, G.W. Reynolds 2518 (K; PRE, 2 sheets). Malips River Valley, Bewaarkloof road, 11 July 1937, G.W. Reynolds 2516 (K; PRE); G.W. Reynolds 2517 (PRE). Mphatlele’s location, 15 May 1914, I.B. Pole Evans 169 (PRE). Near Chuniespoort, May 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1347A &amp; B (PRE, 2 sheets). East of Chunies Poort Police Post, 11 August 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1530 (K; PRE). East of Chunies Poort Police Post on road to Malips Drift, 21 May 1936, G.W. Reynolds 1582 (GRA; K; PRE). East of Chuniespoort, 28 June 2007, O. Grace, E. van Wyk, L.A. Nkuna &amp; W.F. Mabatha 62 (K; PRE); O. Grace, E. van Wyk, L.A. Nkuna &amp; W.F. Mabatha 64 (K, 2 sheets). South of Chuniespoort, 28 June 2007, G.F. Smith 1159 (PRU).</p> <p>Specimens resembling A. immaculata: — SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province. Makapan Valley, 20 July 1951, B. Maguire 907 (K; NBG, 4 sheets; PRE). Between Lydenburg &amp; Chuniespoort, May 1932, fl. June 1934 in Garden at DPI [Pretoria], I.B. Pole Evans PRE38083 (PRE). [These localities are not included in the distribution map presented in Fig. 3.]</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4F6447456FFC3FF5FF91DFF1B94A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Gideon F.;Klopper, Ronell R.	Smith, Gideon F., Klopper, Ronell R. (2022): Aloe immaculata and A. affinis (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), two endemics from northern and eastern South Africa, are different maculate aloe species. Phytotaxa 571 (3): 291-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.3
03E4F6447454FFC2FF5FFD87FF4A9104.text	03E4F6447454FFC2FF5FFD87FF4A9104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aloe affinis Berger 1908	<div><p>Aloe affinis Berger (1908: 206)</p> <p>(Fig. 2).</p> <p>Also treated in: Groenewald (1941: 69, 131, 156–158, 167, Figs14–17), Reynolds (1950: 243), Judd (1967: 14, plate 4), Jeppe (1969: 80), Bornman &amp; Hardy (1971: 105), Jacobsen (1977: 70), Jacobsen (1986: 140), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (1996: 182), Glen &amp; Hardy (2000: 57, pro parte excl. A. immaculata), Newton (2001: 106), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (2003: 186), Smith &amp; Van Wyk (2008: 84), Grace (2009: 111, pro parte excl. A. immaculata), Carter et al. (2011: 186), Grace et al. (2011: 7, pro parte excl. A. immaculata), Van Wyk &amp; Smith (2014: 210), Klopper (2015: 324, 573), Newton (2020: 494).</p> <p>Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province, near Mashishing [Lydenburg], August 1894, F. Wilms 1490 (holotype B †; lectotype P P02053262 [https://plants.jstor. org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.p02053262]; isolectotype E E00193926 [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/ viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.e00193926] and E E00200122 [https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap. specimen.e00200122], Z Z-000086741). Lectotype designated by Smith et al. (2020b). [Note: The specimen kept at Herb. Z is filed under the name Aloe dyeri Schönland (1905: 289).]</p> <p>Nomenclatural note on the type of the name Aloe affinis:—The typification of the name A. affinis was discussed in detail by Smith et al. (2020b: 79).</p> <p>Description:—Plants medium-sized, low-growing, solitary, rosettes erect, 0.2–0.3 m tall. Stem absent or very short. Leaves densely rosulate, arcuate-erect to suberect, slightly spreading, ± 300–450 mm long, usually with additional 100 mm dried twisted reddish brown apex, 90–110 mm wide at base; adaxial surface yellowish green, immaculate or occasionally obscurely spotted, distinctly dark-lined, mostly flat, sometimes concave; abaxial surface usually paler green, immaculate, more obscurely lineate; margin very prominent, horny, reddish brown to dark brown, with pungent deltoid reddish brown teeth, 5–8 mm long, 10–15 mm apart, straight or slightly curved towards leaf base; exudate drying pale yellow. Inflorescence 1–2 per rosette simultaneously or consecutively, up to 1 m high, erect, 5–10- branched panicle, branched from about middle or below, branches widely spreading to arcuate-erect; peduncle stout, deep green to brownish with grey powdery bloom, without sterile bracts below first branch, with few bracts below racemes, narrowly deltoid, up to 70 mm long, dry. Racemes cylindrical-acuminate, apex rounded, up to 250 mm long, erect, rather densely flowered; buds erect to spreading, flowers pendent at anthesis. Floral bracts narrowly deltoid, spreading and recurved, sometimes coiled backwards, 15–20 mm long, 3 mm wide, as long as or longer than pedicels, very thin, scarious, ± 5-nerved. Pedicels 15–20 mm long. Flowers: perianth: dull brick-red to coral-red, 40–45(–50) mm long, 9–10 mm across ovary, abruptly constricted above ovary to 5–6 mm to yield bulbous base, widening to 8–9 mm towards slightly upturned mouth, slightly decurved, outer segments free for 10 mm, tips slightly spreading; stamens with filiform-flattened filaments, not or very shortly exserted; ovary 9 mm long, 3 mm diam., green; style exserted 2–4 mm. Fruit a bluish grey capsule, ± 17 × 8 mm, dry remains of perigone persistent for long time. Seed not seen. Chromosome number: 2 n = 14 (Groenewald 1941: 156–158, 167, Figs14–17).</p> <p>Flowering time: — Aloe affinis flowers between May and June(–July) (winter in the southern hemisphere),</p> <p>Habitat: — Aloe affinis grows in dense grassy patches in very fire-prone habitats and is often found on gentle slopes in rocky, hilly places or on open grassy slopes. Some areas where A. affinis used to occur are densely planted with exotic pine and eucalyptus species for the commercial paper and pulp industry.</p> <p>Distribution: — Aloe affinis mainly occurs from northwestern Eswatini, and Airlie and White River in the south along the eastern escarpment to the Mariepskop area in the Mpumalanga province, and to near the Echo Caves (north of Ohrigstad), Limpopo province, South Africa (Fig. 3). Outlying forms resembling A. affinis are known from Ermelo, Mpumalanga province, in the south, and north to Tzaneen, Limpopo province, South Africa. In the latter instance the specimen could not be located in Herb. PRE to verify its identity.</p> <p>Additional specimens investigated: — ESWATINI. Mtutusi River, Havelock, 29 June 1961, R.H. Compton 29121 (K; NBG, 2 sheets). Havelock, 3 July 1963, R.H. Compton 29121 (NBG, 2 sheets).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province. East of Airlie, and along road to Godwan River, 6 May 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1284 (K, 2 sheets; PRE, 2 sheets). Nort-northwest of White River, August 1955, flowered at Greendale, Salisbury [Harare, Zimbabwe], May 1957, L.C. Leach 244 (K). Rosehaugh, 8 May 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1302 (PRE, 3 sheets); 17 June 1941, G.W. Reynolds NBG 1119/35 (NBG). Schoemanskloof, June 1932, J.C. Smuts 308 (PRE); J.C. Smuts 309 (K; PRE); 4 May 1938, F.Z. van der Merwe 1687 (K; PRE, 2 sheets). Schoemans Kloof, east of Machadodorp, Flowered in Johannesburg 7 July 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1122 (PRE). Schoemans Kloof road, east of Lydenburg turn-off, 8 August 2003, R. Klein, L.A. Nkuna &amp; E. van Wyk 700 (K, 3 sheets). Crocodile River Valley, northeast of Machadodorp, 21 June 1937, G.W. Reynolds 2491 (K; PRE, 2 sheets). Wonderkloof Natuurreservaat, 12 September 1979, J.P. Kluge 1944 (PRE). South of Sabie, 10 May 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1305 (K, 2 sheets; PRE, 2 sheets). Vertroosting Nature Reserve, 15 June 1968, D. Edwards 4034 (K; PRE). Lydenburg, flowered at Union Buildings [Pretoria], 21 August 1904, I.B. Pole Evans 18 (PRE). Lydenburg, collected 21 August 1914, flowered at [Botany] Laboratory, Pretoria, 22 May 1916, I.B. Pole Evans 149 (K; PRE). Lydenburg, 6 August 1941, E. Struben NBG 1153/30 (NBG). Near Lydenburg, August 1894, F. Wilms TM10169 (PRE). Lydenburg, Witklip, 24 June 1974, J.P. Kluge 585 (LNBG; PRE). Mt Anderson, 29 April 1980, G.L. Mohle 334 (LNBG; PRE). Ohrigstaddam Nature Reserve, 22 May 1973, N.H.G. Jacobsen 2873 (PRE). Ehlanzeni, Mac Mac Falls, between Sabie and Graskop, 11 July 2007, O. Grace, E. van Wyk, L.A. Nknuna &amp; W.F. Mabatha 87 (K; PRE). Between Sabie and Graskop, 8 August 2003, E. van Wyk, R.G. Klein &amp; L.A. Nkuna 698 (PRE). North of Graskop, 24 June 2002, M. MacMahan MM00127 (PRE). Pilgrims Rest, 5 May 1916, Mr Ellor 153A &amp; B (PRE). East of Pilgrims Rest, 18 June 1937, G.W. Reynolds 2468 (K; PRE, 2 sheets). The Berg, west of Pilgrims Rest, 11 May 1935, G.W. Reynolds 1309 (PRE, 2 sheets). Mariepskop, s.d., J.F. van der Schijff 4930 (PRE).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo. Near Echo Cave, 24 May 1961, R.G. Strey 3768 (K, PRE).</p> <p>Specimens resembling A. affinis: — SOUTH AFRICA. Mpumalanga province. Carolina, Buffelspruit, 12 August 1969, I.C. Verdoorn 2521 (PRE). Midway between Ermelo and Carolina, s.d., A. Hertzog PRE38084 (PRE, 3 sheets).</p> <p>SOUTH AFRICA. Limpopo province. East of Tzaneen, road to Leydsdorp, 5 May 1961, D.R.J. van Vuuren 1218 (PRE [specimen not located]). [The latter three localities are not reflected on the distribution map presented in Fig. 3.]</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E4F6447454FFC2FF5FFD87FF4A9104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Smith, Gideon F.;Klopper, Ronell R.	Smith, Gideon F., Klopper, Ronell R. (2022): Aloe immaculata and A. affinis (Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae), two endemics from northern and eastern South Africa, are different maculate aloe species. Phytotaxa 571 (3): 291-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.3
