taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A787AC2F72FFCE82D1E451C0919405.taxon	type_taxon	Type: Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. & Zucc., typ. cons.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F72FFCE82D1E451C0919405.taxon	discussion	Notes — Since detailed descriptions of the species presented in the protologue of Aspidosperma were later published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” by Martius (1824), for many years, this publication was treated as the original publication of the genus (Stafleu & Cowan 1981). Marcondes-Ferreira (1988) correctly recognized that Aspidosperma was first published in “ Flora ”, but attributed its authorship only to Martius, mentioning an excerpt from the cover page of “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” in which Martius had attributed to Zuccarini only the organization of the work’s illustrations and notes (Martius & Zuccarini 1824). However, since both Martius and Zuccarini signed the manuscript published in “ Flora ”, we understand that they should be cited as authors of Aspidosperma and the species described therein, despite the comments made by Martius. It is worth mentioning that prior to the publication of Aspidosperma, the names Coutinia and Macaglia were already being applied to this taxon. Firstly, due to the already widespread usage of the name Aspidosperma, Harms (1904) formally proposed conserving this name against Macaglia, probably not knowing about the existence of the name Coutinia at the time. A few years later, Kuhlmann & Pirajá (1925) recognized that Coutinia was also congeneric with Aspidosperma, but the formal proposal for rejecting Coutinia was later made by Fallen (1981).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F72FFC982D1E1F9C019908C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 194, 196. 1951): — FRANCE. [French Guiana]: s. d., L. C. Richard s. n. (C [barcode C 10005729 image!]; isolectotypes: P [barcode P 00645147 image!, barcode P 00645148 image!, barcode P 00645149 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F72FFC982D1E1F9C019908C.taxon	discussion	Notes — Among the nine gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. woodsonianum, Markgraf (1935 a) proclaimed Boschwezen [Forestry Department] 2330 as “ Original der Art. ”. Still, he did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. So, we selected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. woodsonianum (U barcode 0000489) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) accepted A. album but synonymized A. centrale Markgr., A. desmanthum Benth. ex Müll. Arg., and A. pachypterum Müll. Arg. under it. However, we consider these as distinct species. Aspidosperma album differs from A. centrale by the dark green leaves on the adaxial surface (vs. dark brown), with prominent secondary veins (vs. immersed), smaller (5.7 – 6.5 vs. 9.2 – 11.7 cm long) and non-rigid (vs. rigid) inflorescences, and flowers with corolla tube pubescent to glabrescent below the insertion of the anthers internally (vs. canescent) (Pereira et al. 2019). Moreover, A. album differs from A. desmanthum by the prominent secondary veins on the adaxial surface (vs. immersed), white leaves on the abaxial surface (vs. light green), and flowers ca. 6.6 mm long (vs. ca. 8 mm). Finally, A. album can be differentiated from A. pachypterum by the white leaves on the abaxial surface (vs. light brown or light green), suborbicular follicles (vs. pyriform), and membranaceous seeds (vs. chartaceous).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E470C6009627.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, 1 Sep 1903, J. Huber 3848 (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535015!, barcode 00567821!]; isotypes: G [barcode G 00169300 image!], R [barcode R 000115226!], US [barcode 03229707 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E470C6009627.taxon	discussion	Notes — Marcondes-Ferreira (1991) indicated the gathering Huber 3848 from the herbarium RB as the holotype of A. araracanga. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two specimens with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535015 and 00567821) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E3D8C766942F.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, entre Catú, Aurá e Providência, 1 Jan 1923, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [22450 ]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00534999!, barcode 00535016!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169299 image!], K [barcode K 000587693 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958587 image!], P [barcode P 00645105 image!], S [No. S 04 - 1704 image!], U [barcode U 0000464 image!], US [barcode 00111781 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E3D8C766942F.taxon	discussion	Notes — Markgraf (1935 b) indicated the gathering “ Ducke n. 22450 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium RB No. 22450) in the prologue of A. auriculatum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen from this collection of a Brazilian herbarium as the lectotype of A. auriculatum (RB barcode 00534999) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018), as this species is endemic to Brazil. It is worth mentioning that we consider the two preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00534999 and 00535016) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC882D1E1D0C49D94BB.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 151. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. 1818 – 1820, F. Sellow B 1645 - c 77? (BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO- 016032 image!], P [barcode P 00639570 image!, barcode P 00639571 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4406 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC882D1E1D0C49D94BB.taxon	discussion	Notes — From the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. australe by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) cited “ Sellow s. n. ” (Sellow B 1645 - c 77?) as the type but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. We narrowed his lectotypification by selecting the best-preserved specimen from Sellow B 1645 - c 77? as the second-step lectotype of A. australe (BR barcode 0000005783724) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008), we can speculate that Sellow’s collection was made between 1818 and 1820. Silveira (1921) used a hyphen to separate the epithet in A. bellohorizontinum (“ A. bello-horizontinum ”). However, since the epithet’s two words did not stand independently, coming from the name of a city, we performed the deletion of the hyphen according to the ICN article 60.11 (Turland et al. 2018). In the description of this species, Silveira (1921) mentioned a specimen deposited in his herbarium (“ N. 570 in herbario Silveira ”). Silveira’s collection was later distributed to the herbaria BHCB, OUPR, R, and RB (V. R. Scalon, personal information). We found one sheet without collecting number corresponding to this species in RB (RB barcode 00044297), thus we consider the gathering Silveira s. n. as the syntype (perhaps holotype) of A. bellohorizontinum. Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Warming s. n. in the prologue of A. argenteum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the specimen with the most informative label from this collection as the lectotype of A. argenteum (C barcode C 10005737) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). We did the same for A. australe var. estrellense, and from the single gathering “ Hassler 10651 ” (Rojas s. n.) indicated by Hassler (1913) in its protologue, we elected as the lectotype a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00285779) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) synonymized A. longipetiolatum under A. pyricollum Müll. Arg., but Handro (1962) reestablished the former. We disagree with both authors and recognize A. pyricollum as a distinct species from A. australe because of its usually broader leaves (1.6 – 4.1 vs. 0.7 – 2.9), eucamptodromous venation (vs. brochidodromous), and follicles brownish (vs. greyish) with long stipes (1.2 – 2.1 vs. 0.7 – 0.8). Also, we consider A. bellohorizontinum, A. gehrtii, and A. longipetiolatum as synonyms of A. australe since they present elliptic to narrow-obovate leaves with longer petioles (> 2 cm long), externally entirely pubescent flowers with whitish indument, corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2 – 4 ×), entirely pubescent ovary, and follicles with whitish indument and sparse lenticels, which are key features in A. australe.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F74FFC882D1E1BCC52F950F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Gama, Núcleo Rural Ponte Alta, Chácara Tamboril, 16 ° 00 ’ 23 ” S, 48 ° 05 ’ 34 ” W, 18 Nov 2015, A. C. D. Castello & N. G. Bordon 166 (UEC [barcode UEC 154375!]; isotypes: MG [barcode MG 228895!], RB [barcode 01378788!], UB!).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F74FFCB82D1E0F0C66C96B4.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Inter Macahé et Campos, s. d., L. Riedel 586 (U [barcode U 0000466 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169333 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958635 image!], NY [barcode 00297952 image!], P [barcode P 00639564 image!, barcode P 00639565 image!], U [barcode U 0000465 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4407 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F74FFCB82D1E0F0C66C96B4.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the single gathering Riedel 586 in the prologue of A. camporum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose as the lectotype of A. camporum the specimen from this collection with a readable collecting number (U barcode 0000466) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) did the same for A. hilarianum and A. warmingii. For that reason, from the gatherings Saint-Hilaire s. n. and Warming s. n. cited in the protologues of A. hilarianum and A. warmingii, respectively, we chose the best-preserved specimens as lectotypes (A. hilarianum, P barcode P 00639562; A. warmingii, C barcode C 10005753) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Aspidosperma camporum was considered as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. & Zucc. by Woodson (1951). However, we accept A. camporum because it has petiolate leaves (0.5 – 1.8 cm long) distributed along the branches, while A. tomentosum has sessile to subsessile leaves that are concentrated at the apex. Both species have a glabrous ovary, but the calyx of A. camporum is longer than A. tomentosum (4 – 5 vs. 2 – 3 mm long). Also, A. camporum is an emergent tree from the Atlantic Forest, unlike A. tomentosum, a short tree in the Cerrado. Furthermore, we observed that A. hilarianum, A. nemorale, and A. warmingii have characteristics that overlap with those mentioned above for A. camporum, in addition to present pubescent leaves with eucamptodromous venation and dark green adaxial surface. Aspidosperma camporum, A. nemorale and A. warmingii also present follicles entirely pubescent with yellowish indument (the gathering of A. hilarianum did not possess follicles). So, we consider them as synonyms of A. camporum.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCB82D1E3A9C71794D9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — PERU. Huánuco: Leoncio Prado, Estación Experimental Agropecuario, Rupa-rupa, alt. 680 m, 11 Dec 1962, A. Gutiérrez 95 (F (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [V 0092445 F image!, V 0092446 F image!]; isotypes: DUKE [No. 221390 image!], NY [barcode 00297953 image!], US [barcode 00111783 image!], WIS [barcode 00000912 MAD image!, barcode v 0255155 WIS image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCB82D1E3A9C71794D9.taxon	discussion	Notes — Williams (1967) indicated the gathering Gutiérrez 95 from the herbarium F as the holotype of A. capitatum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two specimens with this information in F (F barcodes V 0092445 F and V 0092446 F) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since one was labeled as “ sheet 1 of 2 ” (F barcode V 0092445 F) and the other as “ sheet 2 of 2 ” (F barcode V 0092446 F) (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 7; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, other than what was suggested by Williams (1967), we did not find an isotype of A. capitatum in the herbarium G (F. Stauffer, personal information).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCA82D1E19DC0D193E9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Parintins, ao Oeste do Lago Uaicurapá, 6 Sep 1932, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [24491 ]] (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535104!, barcode 00535159!, barcode 00535160!]; isotypes: A [barcode 02178446 image!], F [barcode V 0092447 F image!], K [barcode K 000587684 image!], P [barcode P 00645144 image!], S [No. S 04 - 1799 image!], U [barcode U 0000467 image!], WIS [barcode 00000925 MAD image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCA82D1E19DC0D193E9.taxon	discussion	Notes — Aspidosperma carapanauba was published as a replacement name for G. excelsum since the epithet “ excelsum ” was unavailable in Aspidosperma. Furthermore, once we have not found the annotation “ No. 136 ” that appears in some sheets of G. excelsum (A (A barcode 02178446), F (F barcode V 0092447 F), and WIS (WIS barcode 00000925 MAD )) in its protologue, we believe that it is unrelated to the collection, resulting from a processing error. Kuhlmann (1935) indicated the gathering Ducke s. n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24491, as “ 24471 ” in Woodson (1951 )) in the prologue of G. excelsum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535104, 00535159, and 00535160) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E6EDC7C59385.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype — BRAZIL. Ceará: Acarape, Garapa, 27 Feb 2005, E. R. Silveira s. n. (EAC [barcode EAC 0034803!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E579C51991D5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Parintins, Lago José-Assú, 16 Sep 1932, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [24571 ]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535019!, barcode 00535147!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E579C51991D5.taxon	discussion	Notes — Pereira et al. (2019) designated a lectotype for A. centrale. However, in the light of the ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9 (Turland et al. 2018), we understand that the gathering “ Ducke n. 24571 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium RB No. 24571) indicated by Markgraf (1935 a) as “ Original der Art. ” for A. centrale (among the four collections presented in the protologue) is the holotype. It is worth mentioning that we consider the two herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535019 and 00535147) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E489C637959D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 172. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Avellar, Mar 1933, G. M. Nunes s. n. [Nunes [26972], Serviço de Reflorestamento da E. F. C. Brasil] (RB [barcode 00535027!]; isolectotypes: MO [barcode MO- 2958573 image!], R [barcode R 000026972!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E489C637959D.taxon	discussion	Notes — Kuhlmann presented the species A. compactivervium at the first South-American Botanical Meeting (October 12 – 19 th, 1938). Still, this name was officially published in 1940 in the third volume of the “ Anais da Primeira Reunião Sul-Americana de Botânica ” (Kuhlmann 1940). That same year, Markgraf (1940) published the name A. pruinosum, which we believe is the same taxon of A. compactivervium. However, despite our search, we could not determine which of these two names was first published. Thus, we adopted here the name most commonly applied for the taxon, i. e., A. compactivervium. Among the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. compactinervium by Kuhlmann (1940), Woodson (1951) cited “ Nuñes 26972 ” (Nunes s. n., herbarium R No. 26972) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification electing as the second-step lectotype of A. compactinervium a material from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535027) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). We did the same for A. pruinosum, as the gathering Glaziou 12076 chosen by Woodson (1951) from the two collections presented by Markgraf (1940) also has more than one specimen. Therefore, we selected the material with flowers and follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. pruinosum (K barcode K 000587686) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) synonymized A. compactinervium and A. pruinosum under “ A. eburneum ”. However, we observed that “ A. eburneum ”, in addition to not being validly published, corresponds to A. olivaceum Müll. Arg. (see the species notes). In our study, we consider A. pruinosum a synonym of A. compactinervium since their diagnostic features overlap, such as the leaves with brochidodromous venation and numerous secondary veins (ca. 30 – 34), flowers with glabrous ovary, and verrucose follicles.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E7CEC09892A5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Ceará: Capistrano, Serra de Baturité, Pedra d’Água, 28 Jan 1978, M. A. Figueiredo s. n. (EAC [barcode EAC 0004363!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E65AC49797B1.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — GUATEMALA. Petén: Uaxactún, 16 Apr 1931, H. H. Bartlett 12570 (MO [barcode MO- 1077539 image!]; isotypes: MICH (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 1002859 A image!, barcode 1002859 B image!], NY [barcode 00061273 image!], S (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [No. S 04 - 1706 image!], US [barcode 00111786 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E65AC49797B1.taxon	discussion	Notes — Since the holotype of A. chiapense f. tenax indicated by Matuda (1950) from his personal herbarium is missing, not having been transferred to the herbarium MEXU like many other sheets from him (M. Peña, personal information), we selected from the original material a specimen from a Mexican herbarium (MEXU barcode MEXU 00108898) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018), as this species was found in Mexico. We also observed that one isolectotype specimen previously attributed to A. chiapense f. tenax belongs to A. megalocarpon Müll. Arg. (ENCB barcode ENCB 002849), so, we are excluding it from the collection. Lastly, other than what Morales & Zamora (2017) suggested, we did not find an isotype of A. chiapense in the herbarium ENCB (R. Nava, personal information). Woodson (1951) synonymized A. cruentum under A. megalocarpon, but Morales & Zamora (2017) reestablished the former species and recognized both. We agree with the reestablishment of A. cruentum since it may be differentiated from A. megalocarpon by the leaves with craspedodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), branches with red latex (vs. white), flowers with filiform corolla lobes (vs. oblong or ovate), and follicles with sulcate ornamentation (vs. absent).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E2A6C55B9405.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Golfito, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Golfito, 3 km al N del aeropuerto, 8 ° 40 ’ 25 ” N, 83 ° 11 ’ 20 ” W, 200 m, 26 Jan 1992, R. Aguilar et al. 871 (CR [barcode INBIOCRI 001558631 image!]; isotypes: MO [barcode MO- 2925089 image!], USJ).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E1FAC0659A55.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — COLOMBIA. Caldas: Buenavista, Magdalena River, alt. 170 m, 11 Jul 1917, H. N. Whitford & J. Pinzón 2 (F [barcode V 0092450 F image!]; isotypes: A [barcode 00057206 image!], GH [barcode 00057205 image!], K [barcode K 001492763 image!], NY [barcode 00297955 image!], P [barcode P 00639592 image!], US [barcode 00111787 image!], WIS [barcode 00000917 MAD image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E1FAC0659A55.taxon	discussion	Notes — The specimen cited by Woodson (1951) as the type of A. curranii (“ Curran 294 ”) is a paratype. Marcondes-Ferreira (1991) treated A. curranii as a subspecies of A. megalocarpon Müll. Arg. However, we consider A. curranii as a distinct species because it presents smaller inflorescences (1 – 1.3 vs. 2 – 2.4 cm long) and yellowish follicles (vs. brownish) with inconspicuous lenticels (vs. conspicuous).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F78FFC782D1E7CDC74191A9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Sucre: In montosis prope Bordones et Cumana, s. d., F. W. H. A. von Humboldt & A. J. A. Bonpland s. n. (P [barcode P 00679672 image!]). Epitype (designated by Castello et al. in Taxon 66 (3): 753. 2017): — VENEZUELA. Sucre: Entre Puerto La Cruz y Cumaná, Jul 1964, L. Aristeguieta 5365 (MO [barcode MO- 016045 image!]; isoepitype: NY [barcode 02840460 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F78FFC782D1E7CDC74191A9.taxon	discussion	Notes — Rusby (1920) indicated the collection Smith 836 in the prologue of A. ellipticum. However, since the same collecting number was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“ Bonda, in February ”) and flowers (“ Masinga Vieja, April 25 ”), we chose as the lectotype collection of A. ellipticum the gathering with flowers and the specimen from the herbarium NY as the lectotype since it belongs to the herbarium where Rusby worked (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Rusby (1920) mentioned that the preparations of Smith 836 would contain a mixture of species (A. decipiens and A. ellipticum). Still, we disagree with that since the characteristics of A. decipiens and A. ellipticum overlap with those of A. cuspa, such as the leaves with reticulodromous venation, leafopposed inflorescences, and basal or apical seed nuclei. Müller-Argoviensis (1860 b) indicated the gathering Spruce 3617 in the prologue of A. decipiens but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen with mature inflorescences from this collection as the lectotype of A. decipiens (K barcode K 000587706) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we chose lectotypes for A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium and A. sessiliflorum. In the case of A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium, from the single gathering indicated by Malme (1927), we elected the best-preserved material as the lectotype (S No. S 04 - 1775) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that unlike it was suggested by Woodson (1951), we did not find a type specimen of A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium in the herbarium US (S. Lutz, personal information). For A. sessiliflorum, we chose a specimen with the most informative label from the single gathering presented by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 b) as the lectotype (F barcode V 0092444 F) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, since we did not find any extant original material belonging to the two gatherings of A. lhotzkianum cited by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) (i. e., “ Habitat in prov. Minarum: Lhotzky in hb. Berol. ” and “ in siccis prope Cuiaba: Riedel n. 1210 ”), only the negative of Lhotzky s. n. from the herbarium B (B †, F negative No. 4420), we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “ If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected ”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with flowers from the same region that the original gathering (Minas Gerais state) as the neotype of A. lhotzkianum (UEC barcode UEC 037427) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7BFFC682D1E4ADC71D9139.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 160. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ypanema [Iperó], s. d., F. Sellow 1650 - 780 (W [No. 1889 - 0167639 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode BR 0000013050337 image!], G [barcode G 00169298 image!], K [barcode K 000587678 image!], P [barcode P 00645142 image!, barcode P 00645143 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535028!], W [No. W 0057136 image!]). B †, F negative No. 31780 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7BFFC682D1E4ADC71D9139.taxon	discussion	Notes — Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008) and information on other Aspidosperma species collected by Sellow (A. australe (B 1645 - c 77?) and A. olivaceum (B 1647 - c 777 )), we can speculate that Sellow’s collection of A. cylindrocarpon was also made on his third journey to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais states (Brazil). Additionally, on some labels is also handwritten “ Ypanema ”, which according to Urban (1906) narrows down the locality of “ Rio Sorocaba, Ipanema (Real Fabrica de Ferro de S. J. Ipanema, 1. VI. 1819 – 7. I. 1820) ” in São Paulo. Also, between the two gatherings cited in the protologue of A. cylindrocarpon by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) selected as the type “ Sello s. n. ” (Sellow 1650 - 780). However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification electing the material with a visible collecting number as the second-step lectotype of A. cylindrocarpon (W No. 1889 - 0167639) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s. n. in the prologue of A. lagoense but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. lagoense (C barcode C 10005732) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we chose lectotypes for A. brevifolium and A. cylindrocarpon var. macrophyllum. In the case of A. brevifolium, we elected the most complete specimen from the single gathering indicated by Rusby (1912) as the lectotype (NY barcode 00297951), while for A. cylindrocarpon var. macrophyllum we chose as the lectotype a specimen with flowers from the single gathering cited by Hassler (1913) (LIL barcode LIL 001108) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e. g., “ A. cylindrocarpon var. genuinum ”). We are considering A. divaricatum as a synonym of A. cylindrocarpon once the main morphological characteristics of A. divaricatum overlap with those of A. cylindrocarpon, as the leaves with longer petioles (2 – 3.5 cm long) and brochidodromous venation and flowers with oblong corolla lobes.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E43DC08791D5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, Plano, 9 ° 18 ’ 24 ” S, 35 ° 56 ’ 34 ” W, 15 Feb 2005, N. T. Mendonça 476 (MAC [barcode MAC 0029043!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E489C64F976A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — PANAMA. Darién: Between Río Chucunaque and Río Canglon, 12 Jun 1961, O. Sexton & D. Knight s. n. (MO [barcode MO- 2958523 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E211C71994E6.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Ptari-tepuí, on “ Cave Rock ” above “ Cave Camp ”, alt. 1810 m, 29 Oct 1944, J. A. Steyermark 59506 (MO [barcode MO- 2958583 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092451 F image!], NY [barcode 00297958 image!], VEN [barcode VEN 35831 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC182D1E19DC739935D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Alto Amazonas, prope Panuré ad Rio Uaupés, Oct 1852 – Jan 1853, R. Spruce 2618 (K [barcode K 000587698 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956417 image!], C [barcode C 10005733 image!, barcode C 10005734 image!], E [barcode E 00259707 image!], G [barcode G 00169295 image!, barcode G 00169296 image!, barcode G 00169297 image!], GH [barcode 00057209 image!], NY [barcode 00297960 image!, barcode 00297961 image!], P [barcode P 00639548 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 0535030!], TCD [barcode TCD 0006577 image!], U [barcode U 0000471 image!], W [No. 1889 - 0011847 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC182D1E19DC739935D.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Spruce 2618 in the prologue of A. desmanthum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. desmanthum (K barcode K 000587698) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, the sheet chosen belongs to the herbarium where Bentham worked.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E601C6C796FD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Jacobina, Igreja Velha, 1841, J. S. Blanchet 3388 (G [barcode G 00143945 image!]; isotypes: BM [barcode BM 000952695 image!], BR [barcode 0000006955755 image!, barcode 0000006956080 image!], G [barcode G 00169292 image!, barcode G 00169293 image!, barcode G 00169294 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], MO [fragment] [barcode MO- 2958645 image!], NY [barcode 00297962 image!], P [barcode P 00645118 image!], RB [barcode 00535031!], W [No. W 0048501 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4412 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E601C6C796FD.taxon	discussion	Notes — In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gatherings cited in the protologues of A. discolor (Blanchet 3388) and A. francisci (Blanchet 2859) were indicated as “ v. s. flor. inap. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the five sheets of Blanchet 3388 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen the holotype of A. discolor (G barcode G 00143945). Also, only one of the four sheets of Blanchet 2859 has the G-DC label, being treated as the holotype of A. francisci (G barcode G 00143876).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E3E1C6E695B8.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra da Lappa, s. d., L. Riedel 1091 (G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G 00169291 image!]; isolectotypes: GH [barcode 00078656 image!], NY [barcode 00970588 image!, barcode 00970589 image!], P [barcode P 00645113 image!, barcode P 00645114 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535032!], S [No. S 04 - 1708 image!], U [barcode U 0000472 image!, barcode U 0000475 image!], W [No. W 0048500 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E3E1C6E695B8.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Riedel 1091 in the prologue of A. dispermum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a specimen with flowers and follicles from this collection as the lectotype of A. dispermum (G barcode G 00169291) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. ellipsocarpum, Duarte (1968) indicated the gathering Duarte 9664 from the herbarium RB in the protologue. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535036, 00813265, and 00813266) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Aspidosperma ellipsocarpum and A. dispermum possess leaves with crenulate margin, craspedodromous venation, and longer petioles (> 2 cm long), flowers with corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (1.6 ×), and sessile or subsessile and broadly fusiform follicles. Based on these characteristics, we consider A. ellipsocarpum as a synonym of A. dispermum.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E7CEC56390AD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 139. 1951): — BRAZIL. Pará: Óbidos, Serra da Escama, 22 Sep 1910, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [11040 ]] (MG [barcode MG 011040!]; isolectotypes: G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G 00169271 image!], P, R [barcode R 000002228!], RB [barcode 00535035!], US [barcode 03229927 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E7CEC56390AD.taxon	discussion	Notes — Ducke (1922) validly published A. duckei discovered by Huber (1910) after presenting Huber’s diagnosis (in sched.) along with other information. He attributed to Huber the species authorship (Ducke 1922). Among the five gatherings indicated in the protologue of A. duckei, Woodson (1951) cited “ Ducke 11040 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium MG No. 11040) as the type. Since the number “ 11040 ” corresponds to a voucher of a single specimen in MG (MG barcode MG 011040), as explained by Ducke himself in the publication’s introduction: “ The specimen numbers cited in this work refer to the Museu Paraense, whenever there is no special indication ” (“ La numération des spècimens d’herbier cités dans ce travail se refère a l’Herbier Amazonien du Museu Paraense, chaque foi qu’il n’y a pas d’indication spéciale. ”; Ducke 1922, p. 19), we understand that Woodson (1951) performed the lectotypification of A. duckei.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E452C76D96D1.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Markgraf in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12 (115): 558. 1935; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. Pará: Almeirim, Serra de Almeirim, 24 Aug 1918, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [22445 ]] (RB [barcode 00535037!]; isolectotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V 0092456 F image!], K [barcode K 000587701 image!], P [barcode P 00645107 image!], S [No. S 04 - 1714 image!], U [barcode U 0000473 image!], US [barcode 00111793 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E452C76D96D1.taxon	discussion	Notes — Markgraf (1935 b) indicated three gatherings in the protologue of A. eteanum without specifying the typical collection. However, since he cited the gathering “ Ducke n. 22445 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium RB No. 22445) as “ Original der Art. ” for A. eteanum in a later publication (Markgraf 1935 a), we understand that Markgraf (1935 a) performed the lectotypification. Nevertheless, since this collection has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Markgraf’s (1935 a) typification by selecting as the second-step lectotype a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535037) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E386C12E944D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Morales & Zamora in Phytoneuron 2017 – 68: 8. 2017): — GUYANA. [Upper Demerara-Berbice]: Berbice, 1837, Rob. Schomburgk [ser. 1] 468 (K [barcode K 000975141 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00143962 image!, barcode G 00169287 image!, barcode G 00169288 image!], K [barcode K 000587685 image!], L [barcode L 0931170 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958572], P [barcode P 00645106 image!], RB [barcode 00535040!], SING [barcode SING 0069604 image!], TCD [barcode TCD 0006575 image!], W [No. W 0048499 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4409 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E386C12E944D.taxon	discussion	Notes — To avoid any future misinterpretation about collection information, we believe it is important to state that the original gathering of A. excelsum corresponds to Robert Schomburgk’s first collection series (van Dam 2002).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E132C5119549.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Mérida: Prope Coloniam Tovar, 1856 – 1857, A. Fendler 781 (MO [barcode MO- 2958568 image!]; isotypes: BR [barcode 0000005906697 image!], G [barcode G 00169273 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G 00169285 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G 00169286 image!], GH [barcode 00057211 image!], K [barcode K 000587711 image!], NY [barcode 00297968 image!], P [fragment] [barcode P 00645104 image!], US [barcode 03229850 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E00EC11195B9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, ao longo da Rodovia BR- 267 para Porto Murtinho, 21 ° 43 ’ 21,40 ” S, 57 ° 37 ’ 03,40 ” W, 128 m, 16 Jul 2014, D. J. Machate et al. 17 (CGMS [No. 44892 image!]; isotypes: COR [No. 18004], K, MBM, MO, MY, NY, RB).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E7CDC6009385.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Formosa para Poções, 19 Oct 1965, A. P. Duarte 9387 (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535041!, barcode 00567817!, barcode 00567818!]; isotypes: CEN [barcode CEN 00071899 image!], NY [barcode 01546547 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E7CDC6009385.taxon	discussion	Notes — Duarte (1973) indicated the gathering Duarte 9387 from the herbarium RB in the protologue of A. formosanum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535041, 00567817, and 00567818) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E579C5BE94D8.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Ad montes Serra dos Órgãos, Jul 1837, G. Gardner 835 (K [barcode K 000587651 image!]; isolectotypes: E [barcode E 00259702 image!], G [barcode G 00169304 image!, barcode G 00169305 image!], GH [barcode 02178699 image!] ,, NY [barcode 01921303 image!, barcode 00023368 image!], P, US [barcode 00111797 image!], W [No. 1889 - 0164179 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E579C5BE94D8.taxon	discussion	Notes — The collection “ Gardner 855 ” cited by A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) in the protologue of A. gomezianum actually corresponds to a gathering of Poaceae. The correct citation for the type of A. gomezianum is Gardner 835. Also, according to Gardner’s “ Catalogue of Brazilian Plants ” (Hind 2012), the collection of A. gomezianum was made in 1837. In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. gomezianum (Gardner 835) was indicated as “ v. s. comm. a cl. Ildef. - Gomez ”. However, despite the specimens from the de Candolle family collection being incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC, none of the sheets from this gathering found in G bear the label “ G-DC ”. Thus, since the holotype of A. gomezianum is missing, we selected as the lectotype the only specimen with follicles (K barcode K 000587651) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Pohl 4314 in the prologue of A. obscurum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. obscurum (BR barcode 0000006956127) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Woodson (1951) and Elsam et al. (2021) considered A. gomezianum as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. & Zucc. However, we accept A. gomezianum because it presents non-suberous branches (vs. suberous), petiolate and glabrous leaves (vs. sessile and tomentose), and flowers with calyx lobes covering the entire length of the corolla tube (vs. covering up to half or upper third). Also, A. gomezianum occurs only in Atlantic Forest inselbergs, while A. tomentosum occurs throughout the Cerrado. Also, after analyzing A. obscurum protologue and lectotypes, we verified that A. obscurum and A. gomezianum have leaves with eucamptodromous venation, that are concentrated at the branch apex, flowers with tomentose and narrowly triangular calyx lobes that covers the entire length of the corolla tube, corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (2 ×), and glabrous ovary. Therefore, we consider A. obscurum as a synonym of A. gomezianum.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E19DC1E69574.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Rondônia: Porto Velho, UHE de Samuel, Rio Jamari, 18 Jan – 11 Feb 1989, U. N. Maciel & C. S. Rosário 1536 (MG [barcode MG 132985!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E069C5F29A54.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — Tab. 10, Tab. 10 A – C, illustration: Vell., Quinogr. Portug., 1799.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E069C5F29A54.taxon	discussion	Notes — Vellozo (1799) stated in the protologue of Coutinia illustris that its description was based on the illustration published concurrently by him. Thus, since no physical specimen was indicated for C. illustris and we have not been able to locate any potential original specimens, we consider that the illustration presented by Vellozo (1799) is the holotype of A. illustre.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E7CDC4A29081.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Pará: Prope Gurupá, 13 Aug 1918, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [17195 ]] (MG [barcode MG 017195!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092463 F image!], G [barcode G 00169265 image!], K [barcode K 000587681 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958527], NY [barcode 00297971 image!], P [barcode P 00645103 image!], R [barcode R 000007307!], RB [barcode 00535003!, barcode 00535046!], S [No. S 12 - 16364 image!], U [barcode U 0000476 image!], US [barcode 00111801 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E7CDC4A29081.taxon	discussion	Notes — Ducke (1922) indicated the gathering “ A. Ducke 13 - 8 - 1918 flor. et fructibus vetustis, n. 17195 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium MG No. 17195) in the prologue of A. inundatum. As explained by Ducke himself in the publication’s introduction: “ The specimen numbers cited in this work refer to the Museu Paraense, whenever there is no special indication ” (“ La numération des spècimens d’herbier cités dans ce travail se refère a l’Herbier Amazonien du Museu Paraense, chaque foi qu’il n’y a pas d’indication spéciale. ”; Ducke 1922, p. 19). Thus, since the number “ 17195 ” corresponds to a voucher of a single sheet in MG, we understand that this specimen is the holotype of A. inundatum. Woodson (1951) considered A. acanthocarpum Markgr. as a synonym of A. inundatum. Still, we disagree with that interpretation since the latter has leaves with shorter petioles (1 – 1.5 vs. 2 cm long) and sessile smooth follicles (vs. stipitated verrucose) with conspicuous lenticels (vs. inconspicuous). However, at the moment, we do not have enough information to decide about the name A. acanthocarpum. Therefore, we treated A. acanthocarpum as “ incertae sedis ”.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E475C06C97DD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Curicuriari, afluente do Rio Negro, margem alta, 21 Dec 1931, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [24492 ]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535000!, barcode 00535049!]; isotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V 0092465 F image!], G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G 00190818 image!], IAN [No. 50584!], K [barcode K 000587695 image!], MO [barcode MO- 1845735 image!], P [barcode P 00645102 image!], S [No. S 04 - 1769 image!], U [barcode U 0000477 image!], US [barcode 00111803 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E475C06C97DD.taxon	discussion	Notes — Since A. leucocymosum and A. leucostachys share the same type, the oldest name has priority. Therefore, A. leucocymosum takes precedence since it was published in September 1935 (Kuhlmann 1935), while A. leucostachys was published in December 1935 (Markgraf 1935 a) (ICN article 11.4; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Kuhlmann (1935) indicated the gathering Ducke s. n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24492, as “ 24472 ” in Woodson (1951 )) in the prologue of A. leucocymosum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535000 and 00535049) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets as they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, it is worth mentioning that the collection date indicated by Kuhlmann (1935) in the prologue of A. leucocymosum is probably incorrect (“ 21 - III- 1934 ”), as the date “ 21 December 1931 ” appears in the holotype and isotypes.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFDD82D1E281C7AC9627.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Inter Tejuco et Serra do Gram Mogol, s. d., C. F. P. von Martius s. n. (M [barcode M- 0183523 image!]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M- 0183523 image!, barcode M- 0183524 image!, barcode M- 0183525 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFDD82D1E281C7AC9627.taxon	discussion	Notes — The diagnosis of A. macrocarpon presented in “ Flora ” by Martius & Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s. n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since there are two sheets in the herbarium M from the single collection made by Martius (1824) for A. macrocarpon that resemble the illustration first mentioned in “ Flora ”, but only published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” (plate 35 (M barcode M- 0183523) and plate 36 (M barcode M- 0183522 )), we elected the sheet with leaves and flowers as the lectotype (M barcode M- 0183523) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) published the name A. gardneri with two varieties, “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” (as “ α ”) and A. gardneri var. ellipticum (as “ β ”). Since the leaves of A. gardneri and “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” were characterized as ovate and those of A. gardneri var. ellipticum as ovate-elliptic, we assumed that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardneri. Also, throughout the publication, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) used the α only for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” and A. macrocarpon var. normale to indicate the name including the type, thus we assume that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardineri. Therefore, we consider “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” as a not validly published designation (ICN article 26.2; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, from the two gatherings cited for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), we elected the best-preserved specimen of Gardner 2666 as the lectotype of A. gardneri (K barcode K 000587640) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Additionally, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) mentioned the single gathering Weddel 2470 in the prologue of A. gardneri var. ellipticum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete material from this collection as the lectotype of A. gardneri var. ellipticum (P barcode P 04205678) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, after analyzing the specimens of A. gardneri var. ellipticum, we observed that one sheet belongs to Malvaceae (P barcode P 06595344), so, we are excluding it from the collection. Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ normale ” (e. g., “ A. macrocarpon var. normale ”).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F61FFDD82D1E3D8C0E29A53.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — GUYANA. [Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo]: Takutu, Apr 1842, Rich. Schomburgk 547 (L [barcode L 0043163 image!]; isolectotype: RB [fragment] [barcode 00535053!]). B †, F negative No. 4421 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F61FFDD82D1E3D8C0E29A53.taxon	discussion	Notes — The quite intricate rationale behind the Schomburgk brothers’ collections, Robert and Richard was well discussed by van Dam (2002). In short, from the gatherings related to Robert’s second collection series and Richard’s collection series, some bear two collecting numbers (one for each brother) in the same label, but do not always represent the same collection held in the same place. Analyzing the available specimens of A. macrophyllum, we may conclude that Rich. Schomburgk 547 and Rob. Schomburgk 277 are different collections from different places, Takutu and Pirara, respectively. Regarding the taxon name, some observations may also be made. Baillon (1888) described Paralyxia schomburgkii based on Rich. Schomburgk 547, but Müller-Argoviensis (1860 b) presented earlier A. macrophyllum taking into account the same gathering. Aware of this situation, Markgraf (1937) proposed the nomenclatural combination P. macrophylla for recognizing the priority of A. macrophyllum and, also, Paralyxia as a distinct genus. This interpretation was supported by Woodson (1951), but not accepted by Pichon (1947) and Allorge & Poupat (1991), whom accepted A. macrophyllum. In our study, we corroborate the synonymization of Paralyxia in Aspidosperma, since both share morphological diagnostic characters, like the arboreal habit, alternate leaves, coriaceous follicles, and winged seeds. Finally, since Müller-Argoviensis (1860 b) cited explicitly the specimen Rich. Schomburgk 547 from the herbarium B in the protologue of A. macrophyllum, it could be considered the holotype. However, a lectotype must be selected because the B specimen is now destroyed. Thus, we chose the most complete specimen from the single gathering of A. macrophyllum as the lectotype (L barcode L 0043163) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E7CDC6FF933E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, Bosque Municipal, 23 Jun 1943, A. Ducke 1263 (MO [barcode MO- 2958570 image!]; isotypes: MG [barcode MG 018994!], NY [barcode 00023370 image!], RB [barcode 00535060!], US [barcode 00026812 image!, barcode 01106402 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E625C65B9795.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — MEXICO. [Veracruz]: Colipa, ubi ab incolis “ Volador ” nuncupatur, 1841 – 1842, W. F. von Karwinsky 1348 (LE [barcode LE 00004506 image!]; isolectotypes: LE [barcode LE 00004507 image!, barcode LE 00004508 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E625C65B9795.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 b) indicated the gathering Karwinsky 1348 from the herbarium LE in the prologue of A. megalocarpon. However, since there are three sheets in LE (LE barcodes LE 00004506, LE 00004507, and LE 00004508), and it is not clear if they are part of the same material mounted on three herbarium sheets (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018), we elected the one including follicles as the lectotype of A. megalocarpon (LE barcode LE 00004506) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Woodson (1934) indicated the gathering Cufodontis 220 in the prologue of Cufodontia stegomeris but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of C. stegomeris (F barcode V 0048156 F) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDF82D1E149C031935D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1816 – 1821, A. F. C. P. de Saint-Hilaire s. n. (P [barcode P 00639544 image!]; isotype: F [fragment] [barcode V 0092466 F image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDF82D1E149C031935D.taxon	discussion	Notes — After analyzing the specimens from the single gathering cited by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) in the protologue of A. melanocalyx, we believe that the sheet from the herbarium P is the holotype, since the specimen from the herbarium F, which consists only of flower remains, appears to have been taken from the holotype, having been marked as “ ex herbario Musei Parisiensis ”. Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s. n. in the prologue of A. leucomelanum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. leucomelanum (C barcode C 10005746) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). We consider A. limae as a synonym of A. melanocalyx since both have oblong leaves with longer petioles (> 2 cm long), flowers with corolla lobes shorter than the tube (0.4 ×), and tomentose follicles.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E601C1E291D5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio São Francisco, Serra d’Açuruá, 1838 – 1839, J. S. Blanchet 2806 (G [barcode G 00143974 image!]; isotypes: BR [barcode 0000006955779 image!, barcode 0000006955809 image!], C [barcode C 10005735 image!], F [barcode V 0092467 F image!, barcode V 0092468 F image!], G [barcode G 00169361 image!, barcode G 00169362 image!, barcode G 00169363 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], K [barcode K 000587642 image!, barcode K 000587643 image!, barcode K 000979030 image!], NY [barcode 00297977 image!, barcode 00297978 image!], P [barcode P 00639588 image!, barcode P 00639589 image!, barcode P 00639590 image!, barcode P 00639591 image!], RB [barcode 00535061!, [fragment] barcode 00535158!], W [No. W 0048496 image!]). B †, F negative 4418 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E601C1E291D5.taxon	discussion	Notes — In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. multiflorum (Blanchet 2806) was indicated as “ v. s. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the five sheets of Blanchet 2806 from G possesses the G-DC label, we consider this specimen to be the holotype of A. multiflorum (G barcode G 00143974).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E489C581944C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Morales & Zamora in Phytoneuron 2017 – 68: 10. 2017): — ECUADOR. Guayas: Guayaquil, 1799, J. J. Tafalla s. n. [H. Ruiz & J. A. Pavón s. n.] (MA [barcode MA 814484 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169359 image!], MA [barcode MA 814485 image!, barcode MA 814486 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E489C581944C.taxon	discussion	Notes — After analyzing specimens of A. megaphyllum and A. myristicifolium, we verified that both present long leaves (> 15 cm long) with eucamptodromous venation, rigid inflorescence axis, flowers with calyx lobes varying from four to five, entirely tomentose ovary, and sessile follicles, and membranaceous seeds. So, we consider A. megaphyllum as a synonym of A. myristicifolium.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E131C76F94BD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro de La Neblina, Río Yatua, along escarpment West of Cumbre Camp, elev. 1700 – 1800 m, 6 Jan 1954, B. Maguire et al. 37084 (NY [barcode 00297979 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E1A1C17A952C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Paraíba: Areia, Mata da Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, 15 May 1944, J. M. Vasconcellos 243 (SP [barcode SP 000320 image!]; isotypes: MO [barcode MO- 016112 image!], RB [barcode 00535065!], SPF [barcode SPF 00072953!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDE82D1E0D1C0D19177.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Prope Barra, Prov. Rio Negro, Jul 1851, R. Spruce 1657 (K [barcode K 000587692 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956097 image!], E [barcode E 00265001 image!], G [barcode G 00169289 image!, barcode G 00169290 image!], GH [barcode 00057214 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958571], NY [barcode 00297980 image!], P [barcode P 00639586 image!, barcode P 00639587 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535066!], TCD [barcode TCD 0006574 image!], W [No. 1889 - 0011848 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4423 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDE82D1E0D1C0D19177.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Spruce 1657 in the prologue of A. nitidum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen from this collection that belonged to the herbarium where Bentham worked as the lectotype of A. nitidum (K barcode K 000587692) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. aquaticum, Ducke (1938) indicated the collection Ducke s. n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24570) in the prologue. However, since the same collection information was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“ 10 - 6 - 1933 ”) and flowers (“ 24 - 7 - 1936 ”), we chose the gathering with follicles as the lectotype collection of A. aquaticum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the three preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535001, 00535014, and 00535148) as a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFDE82D1E469C0FA97A8.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 187. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. Goiás: 1816 – 1821, A. F. C. P. de Saint-Hilaire C 1 - 760 (P [barcode P 00639581 image!]; isolectotypes: F [barcode V 0092469 F image!], NY [barcode 00023369 image!], P [barcode P 00639582 image!, barcode P 00639583 image!], US [barcode 00111809 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFDE82D1E469C0FA97A8.taxon	discussion	Notes — Among the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. nobile by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) selected the collection “ St. - Hilaire 760 ” (St. - Hilaire C 1 - 760) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the best-preserved specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. nobile (P barcode P 00639581) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Pohl 1229 in the prologue of A. pohlianum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a material with flower remains from this collection as the lectotype of A. pohlianum (W No. W 0048493) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFD982D1E2A4C6FE92A4.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — FRANCE. [French Guiana]: Cayenne, s. d., J. Martin s. n. (G [barcode G 00143976 image!]; isotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V 0092471 F image!], G [barcode G 00143998 image!], P [barcode P 00639578 image!, barcode P 00639579 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535068!]). B †, F negative No. 4424 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFD982D1E2A4C6FE92A4.taxon	discussion	Notes — In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. oblongum (Martin s. n.) was indicated as “ v. s. comm. a Mus. par. anno 1821 ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the two sheets of Martin s. n. from G possesses the G-DC label and the annotation “ mus. de Paris 1821 ”, we consider this specimen as the holotype of A. oblongum (G barcode G 00143976). Furthermore, Markgraf (1935 a) indicated the gathering “ Kuhlmann n. 22453 ” from the herbarium RB (Kuhlmann 491, RB No. 22453) in the prologue of A. kuhlmannii. Since this number corresponds to a voucher of a single sheet in RB (RB barcode 00535047), we understand that this specimen corresponds to the holotype of A. kuhlmannii.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E7B5C03390AD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Além Flores, 16 May 1942, A. Ducke 931 [pro parte [flowering branch ]] (RB (mounted on four herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535070!, barcode 00535154!, barcode 00535155!, barcode 00535156!]; isolectotypes: BM [barcode BM 000952694 image!], F [barcode V 0092472 F image!], IAN [No. 10489!], MO [barcode MO- 2958590], NY [barcode 00297981 image!, barcode 00297982 image!], R [barcode R 000055239!], S [No. S 18 - 29249 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E7B5C03390AD.taxon	discussion	Notes — Azambuja (1946) indicated the gathering Ducke 931 from the herbarium RB (RB No. 50969) in the prologue of A. obscurinervium. However, since the same collecting number was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with flowers (“ 16 - 5 - 1942 ”) and follicles (“ XI- 42 ”), we chose the gathering with flowers as the lectotype collection of A. obscurinervium (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the four preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535070, 00535154, 00535155, and 00535156) as a single specimen mounted on four sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E451C54C96D1.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 19 Dec 1902, G. O. A. Malme 2732 (S [No. S 04 - 1790 image!]; isolectotypes: R [barcode R 000020532!], S [No. S 12 - 16366 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E451C54C96D1.taxon	discussion	Notes — Malme (1927) indicated the gathering Malme 2732 in the prologue of A. occidentale but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we elected the material with the most informative label from this collection as the lectotype of A. occidentale (S No. S 04 - 1790) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) considered A. occidentale as a synonym of A. australe Müll. Arg. However, A. occidentale has obovate leaves (vs. elliptic to narrow-obovate), flowers with deltoid calyx lobes (vs. oblong), corolla lobes with acute apex (vs. rounded), and sessile follicles (vs. stipitate). Based on this, we consider A. australe and A. occidentale as distinct species.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E385C5A59725.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Tambury, Oct 1906, E. H. G. Ule 7290 (K [barcode K 000587649 image!]; isotypes: HBG [barcode HBG 524515 image!], L [barcode L 0004435 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD882D1E2D9C063935D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. 1818 – 1820, F. Sellow B 1647 - c 777 (BR [barcode 0000005783380 image!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K 000587671 image!], NY [barcode 00297983 image!], P [barcode P 00639580 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD882D1E2D9C063935D.taxon	discussion	Notes — Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008), we were able to verify that the collection of A. olivaceum was made on his third journey to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais states (Brazil). Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the single gathering “ Sellow ” (Sellow B 1647 - c 777) in the prologue of A. olivaceum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the specimen from this collection with a readable Sellow’s collecting number on the label as the lectotype of A. olivaceum (BR barcode 0000005783380) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, after analyzing the assumed protologue of “ A. eburneum ”, we verified that this designation was actually “ synonymized ” under A. olivaceum by Saldanha da Gama (1874), not published by him. Saldanha da Gama (1875) himself claimed that A. olivaceum and “ A. eburneum ” resembled each other in all characteristics. Another piece of evidence is that one of the lectotypes of A. olivaceum presents a determinavit by Saldanha da Gama as “ A. eburneum ” (BR barcode 0000005783380). Woodson (1951) considered A. olivaceum as a synonym of A. pyricollum Müll. Arg. However, we accept A. olivaceum, which differs from A. pyricollum by the elliptic or narrowly obovate leaves (vs. obovate) and small petioles (0.6 – 1.7 vs. 1.7 – 3.2 cm long). Also, both occur in the Atlantic Forest, but A. olivaceum in Seasonal Semideciduous and Dense Ombrophilous Forests and A. pyricollum in Coastal Forest (i. e., Restinga).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Ad fl. Casiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni, 1853 – 1854, R. Spruce 3345 (K [barcode K 000587715 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006959807 image!], C [barcode C 10005736 image!], F [fragment] [barcode V 0092306 F image!], G [barcode G 00169356 image!, barcode G 00169357 image!, barcode G 00169358 image!], GH [barcode 00057215 image!], K [barcode K 000587714 image!], P [barcode P 00639576 image!, barcode P 00639577 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535072!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619.taxon	description	“ Aspidosperma pachyterum ” Müll. Arg., mss. in sched.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Spruce 3345 in the prologue of A. pachypterum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected one of the most complete specimens from this collection as the lectotype of A. pachypterum (K barcode K 000587715) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, since the holotype of A. rhombeosignatum indicated by Markgraf (1971) from the herbarium Z is missing (R. Nyffeler, personal information), we selected the best-preserved specimen from the original material as the lectotype (K barcode K 000587719) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E3DDC0989A71.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ubatuba, Feb 1839, J. B. A. Guillemin 604 (G [barcode G 00143911 image!]; isotypes: G [barcode G 00169355 image!], MO [barcode MO- 016030 image!], P [barcode P 00639573 image!]). Excluded: P [barcode P 00639574 image!].	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E3DDC0989A71.taxon	discussion	Notes — In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. parvifolium (Guillemin 604) was indicated as “ v. s. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the two sheets of Guillemin 604 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen the holotype of A. parvifolium (G barcode G 00143911). Also, after analyzing the isotypes of A. parvifolium, we realized that one specimen belongs to A. pyricollum Müll. Arg., as it presents broad obovate leaves (vs. elliptical to narrow-obovate) and glabrous follicles (vs. follicles with ferruginous indument) with conspicuous lenticels (vs. inconspicuous lenticels) (P barcode P 00639574). Therefore, we are excluding it from the collection of A. parvifolium. Regarding A. ingratum, from the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue by Schumann (1901), Woodson (1951) indicated the collection Glaziou 17697 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by selecting a material with flowers and follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. ingratum (P barcode P 04205157) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E7CDC767935A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Quebrada O-paru-má between Santa Teresita de Kavanayén and Río Pacairo, tributary of Río Mouak, alt. 1065 – 1220 m, 20 – 21 Nov 1944, J. A. Steyermark 60378 (MO [barcode MO- 2958574 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092473 F image!], VEN [barcode VEN 35944 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E61AC7389A62.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 158. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Morro Azul, s. d., L. Riedel 2332 (LE image!; isolectotypes: F [barcode V 0092475 F image!], G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G 00169347 image!], GH [barcode 00057216 image!], M [barcode M- 0183491 image!], NY [barcode 00970697 image!, barcode 00970698 image!, barcode 00970699 image!], P [barcode P 00639558 image!, barcode P 00639559 image!, barcode P 00639560 image!], S [No. S 04 - 1792 image!], U [barcode U 0000486 image!], W [No. W 0057126 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E61AC7389A62.taxon	discussion	Notes — From the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. polyneuron by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) indicated the collection Riedel 2332 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by selecting a material with mature leaves and flowers as the second-step lectotype of A. polyneuron (LE) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). We adopted the same approach for A. dugandii, as the gathering Dugand 355 chosen by Woodson (1951) from the four collections presented by Standley (1933) also has more than one specimen. Therefore, we selected the most complete specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. dugandii (F barcode V 0092453 F) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s. n. in the prologue of A. venosum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a specimen with flower remains from this collection as the lectotype of A. venosum (C barcode C 10005743) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we elected a specimen from the single gathering cited by Hassler (1913) that belonged to his personal herbarium as the lectotype of A. polyneuron var. longifolium (G barcode G 00108709) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, since Saldanha da Gama (1865) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. peroba, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “ If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected. ”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. peroba (R barcode R 000023957) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e. g., “ A. polyneuron var. genuinum ”). We consider A. polyneuron var. puberulum as a synonym of A. polyneuron since its features may also be found in the latter, such as the lanceolate leaves with brochidodromous venation and numerous secondary veins (ca. 26 – 38), flowers with entirely tomentose ovary, and botuliform follicles.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFDA82D1E7CDC6E09689.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 152. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1843, H. A. Weddell 445 (P [barcode P 00639569 image!]; isolectotypes: G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G 00169350 image!], P [barcode P 00639568 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFDA82D1E7CDC6E09689.taxon	discussion	Notes — Among the five gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. pyricollum by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) cited Weddell 445 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the best-preserved specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. pyricollum (P barcode P 00639569) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Woodson (1951) cited the gathering “ Sellow s. n. ” as the type of A. pyricollum var. obovatum, but Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) only indicated the collections Riedel 35 and Riedel 587 in its protologue. Therefore, we selected a specimen with flower remains from Riedel 587 as the lectotype of A. pyricollum var. obovatum (M barcode M- 0183490) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, Barbosa et al. (2019) excluded Geissospermum solandri from the genus and transferred it to Aspidosperma. However, after analyzing the types of G. solandri, we observed that only one corresponded to Aspidosperma (i. e., A. pyricollum) (BM barcode 000548498), since it presents broad obovate leaves with eucamptodromous venation, flowers externally pubescent with lobes shorter than the tube (ca. 4 ×), and entirely tomentose ovary. Since the remaining specimens belong to Peschiera solandri Miers (BM barcodes 000548499 and 000548500), we are excluding them from the collection of G. solandri. Woodson (1951) considered A. sellowii Müll. Arg. as a synonym of A. pyricollum, but we could not make any decision about this synonymization due to insufficient information. Therefore, we treated A. sellowii as “ incertae sedis ” (as well as “ A. sellowii var. genuinum ”).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFD582D1E24DC068918B.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Piauí: Prope Oeiras et Alibi, s. d., C. F. P. von Martius s. n. (M [M barcode M- 0184040]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M- 0184037 image!, barcode M- 0184038 image!, barcode M- 0184039 image!, barcode M- 0184044 image!], W). Excluded: M [barcode M- 0184041 image!].	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFD582D1E24DC068918B.taxon	discussion	Notes — The diagnosis of A. pyrifolium presented in “ Flora ” by Martius & Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s. n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since this name was published without a holotype, we selected a specimen with the best-preserved inflorescences from the original material as the lectotype of A. pyrifolium (M barcode M- 0184040) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, after analyzing the isolectotypes of A. pyrifolium, we observed that one specimen belongs to A. multiflorum A. DC. (M barcode M- 0184041), so we are excluding it from the collection of A. pyrifolium. Martius (1838) cited the gathering “ Silva Manso ” (Silva Manso 136) (“ Herb. Mart. Fl. Bras. No. 485 ”) in the protologue of A. martii but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Since there are several sheets of Silva Manso 136, we selected as the lectotype the specimen with the most informative label (BR barcode 0000006960001) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Martius (1838) did the same for A. molle, and from the gathering Martius s. n., we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype (M barcode M- 0184043) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. guaraniticum, Malme (1899) mentioned two gatherings in its protologue, of which Woodson (1951) cited Malme 1006 as the type without indicating the herbarium. Thus, we chose as the secondstep lectotype a material with the most informative label (S No. S 04 - 1754). In the protologue of A. populifolium, de Candolle (1844) indicated a specimen of Gardner 2664 from the personal herbarium of Boissier as the type (“ v. in h. Boiss. ”). Since only one sheet of this gathering possesses the “ Herbier Boissier ” label, we consider it as the holotype of A. populifolium. Finally, according to Gardner’s “ Catalogue of Brazilian Plants ” (Hind 2012), the collection of A. populifolium was made in 1839. The only herbarium sheet with the correct collection date is the one from the herbarium K (K barcode K 000587645).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F69FFD482D1E34CC4919011.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — Tab. 5 B, illustration: Schltdl., Bot. Zeitung, 1861. Epitype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Esquina, 47 km W de Sauce, Ruta 126, 23 Out 1977, O. Ahumada et al. 1475 (MBM [No. 55705!]; isoepitypes: CTES, MO [barcode MO- 2958772], RBR [barcode RBR 00002131 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F69FFD482D1E34CC4919011.taxon	discussion	Notes — Schlechtendal (1861) indicated a gathering from Argentina by Burmeister for A. quebracho-blanco. However, since the plate presented in its protologue is the only extant element of the original material, we elected it as the lectotype of A. quebracho-blanco. In addition, in order to facilitate the species identification, once the lectotype only presents follicles and seeds, we selected a specimen with leaves, flowers, and follicles as the epitype of A. quebrachoblanco (MBM No. 55705) (ICN article 9.9; Turland et al. 2018). Thus, the lectotype presented here supersedes the neotype designated by Morales (2010). Also, since Spegazzini & Girola (1910) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. quebrachoblanco var. pendulum, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “ If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected. ”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. quebracho-blanco var. pendulum (F barcode V 0421371 F) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Rojas-Acosta (1913) also did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. quebrachoideum, so, we followed the same criterion to select the neotype of A. quebrachoideum (US barcode 03230109) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, according to the ICN article 26.2 (Turland et al. 2018), infraspecific designations (e. g., “ A. quebrachoblanco f. schlechtendalianum ”) that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned (e. g., A. quebracho-blanco) were not validly published whenever the intraspecific epithets were not the same as the specific.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD482D1E5C5C05595E5.taxon	materials_examined	Neotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. Concepción: Estancia San Luis, 18 Apr 1980, L. Bernardi 20657 (MBM [No. 99565 image!]; isoneotypes: MO [barcode MO- 1057862], US [barcode 03229982 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD482D1E5C5C05595E5.taxon	discussion	Notes — Elsam et al. (2021) proposed a lectotype for A. quirandy (G barcode G 00108793). However, in the protologue of A. quirandy, Hassler (1913) only indicated specimens for its varieties (ICN article 26.3, Ex. 6; Turland et al. 2018). According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “ If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected. ”. Thus, since we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. quirandy (MBM No. 99565) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Also, the specimen cited by Woodson (1951) as the type of A. quirandy (“ Hassler 2329 ”) is actually a paratype of A. occidentale Malme. Woodson (1951) considered A. quirandy as a synonym of A. australe Müll. Arg., but Elsam et al. (2021) reestablished the former. We agree with the reestablishment of A. quirandy because it presents subsessile or sessile leaves (vs. petiolate) with eucamptodromous venation (vs. brochidodromous), flowers with corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (2 ×) (vs. 2.5 – 4 × smaller), and inflated follicles (vs. flattened).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD782D1E099C04193CD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 142. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. s. d., Sellow 1651 [Sellow s. n.] (MO [fragment] [barcode MO- 016026 image!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K 000587641 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535077!]). B †, F negative No. 4426 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD782D1E099C04193CD.taxon	discussion	Notes — From the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. ramiflorum by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) cited Sellow 1651 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the material with a flower as the second-step lectotype of A. ramiflorum (MO barcode MO- 016026) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E6B1C6F291A9.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Inter oppidum Caiteté et praedium Maracás, s. d., C. F. P. von Martius s. n. (M [barcode M- 0183484 image!]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M- 0183483 image!, barcode M- 0183485 image!, barcode M- 0183486 image!, barcode M- 0183487 image!, barcode M- 0183488 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E6B1C6F291A9.taxon	discussion	Notes — The diagnosis of A. refractum presented in “ Flora ” by Martius & Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s. n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since this name was published without a holotype, we selected a specimen possessing a label including information about the collection place as the lectotype of A. refractum (M barcode M- 0183484) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) considered A. refractum as a synonym of A. pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc., but Duarte (1970) reestablished the former. We agree with Duarte’s concept because A. refractum presents flowers with triangular calyx lobes (vs. filiform), entirely tomentose ovary (vs. glabrous), and sparsely lenticellate follicles (vs. densely lenticellate) with conspicuous midrib (vs. inconspicuous).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E4ADC7F89619.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Oropeza, descent to Río Cachimayo Valley above Chacoma, 2500 m, 13 Nov 1994, J. R. I. Wood 8771 (K [barcode K 000587721 image!]; isotype: LPB [barcode LPB 0000450 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD682D1E3DDC65B9330.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38 (2): 152. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ad Cataracta prope Ytu et prope Ypanema, Dec 1825, L. Riedel 2771 (W [No. W 0038999 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169342 image!], NY [barcode 00023375 image!], P [barcode P 00639552 image!], RB [barcode 00535078!], SPF [fragment] [barcode SPF 100000!]). B †, F negative No. 4427 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD682D1E3DDC65B9330.taxon	discussion	Notes — Among the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. riedelii by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), Woodson (1951) selected Riedel 2771 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the material with follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. riedelii (W No. W 0038999) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e. g., “ A. riedelii var. genuinum ” and “ A. riedelii var. genuinum f. microphyllum ”). Woodson (1951) considered A. riedelii as a synonym of A. pyricollum Müll. Arg., but Handro (1962) reestablished the former. We agree with the reestablishment of A. pyricollum because A. riedelii presents spatulate leaves (vs. elliptic or obovate) with brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), flowers with longer calyx lobes (2 – 3 vs. 0.9 – 1.1 mm long), and smaller follicles (1.8 – 2.2 × 1.1 – 1.3 vs. 3.6 – 4 × 2.6 – 3 cm). Furthermore, after analyzing specimens of A. reductum and A. riedelii, we observed that both have leaves with brochidodromous venation, sessile fasciculate inflorescences, flowers with unequal calyx lobes, and corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2 ×). So, we consider A. reductum as a synonym of A. riedelii.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E63CC0D19439.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BOLIVIA. La Paz: In the Bopi River Valley, 3000 feet, 12 Sep 1921, H. H. Rusby 593 (NY [barcode 00297991 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E63CC0D19439.taxon	discussion	Notes — Between the two collections presented in the protologue of A. rauwolfioides, Markgraf (1935 b) indicated the gathering Steinbach 8129 as “ Original der Art. ” but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Therefore, since we found several sheets from this collection, we selected a specimen with flowers and follicles as the lectotype of A. rauwolfioides (NY barcode 00023394). Also, between the two collections mentioned in the protologue of A. acreanum, Markgraf (1940) cited the gathering Ule 9701 as “ Original der Art. ” without indicating the herbarium. Thus, we elected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. acreanum (K barcode K 000587679). Kuhlmann (1940) indicated the gatherings from the herbarium RB Ducke s. n. (RB No. 22438) and Ducke s. n. (RB No. 24577) for A. laxiflorum and A. subumbellatum, respectively. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two sheets of A. laxiflorum in RB with this information (RB barcodes 00535048 and 00567816) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since both were marked as “ holotype ”, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). In the same way, we understand that the two specimens of A. subumbellatum in RB (RB barcodes 00535085 and 00536932) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E135C67394B0.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Fazenda São Bento, 14 ° 09 ’ 29 ” S, 47 ° 36 ’ 45 ” W, 1200 m, 28 Oct 2005, J. R. R. Pinto & E. Lenza 345 (UB [barcode UB 0117402!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E1A3C59B9A5D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Pará: Rio Trombetas, Lago Salgado, 26 Aug 1910, A. Ducke s. n. [A. Ducke [22456 ]] (RB [barcode 00535080!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K 000587689 image!], U [barcode U 0000479 image!], US [barcode 00111815 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E1A3C59B9A5D.taxon	discussion	Notes — Markgraf (1935 a) indicated the gathering “ Ducke n. 22456 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium RB No. 22456) in the prologue of A. salgadense but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose as the lectotype of A. salgadense a specimen from this collection of a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535080) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E7CDC11893E9.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — GUYANA. [Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo]: Simuni Creek, Rupununi River, 3 Aug 1931, Forest Department 2108 (K [barcode K 000587699 image!]; isolectotype: K [barcode K 000587700 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E7CDC11893E9.taxon	discussion	Notes — Markgraf (1935 a) indicated the gathering Forest Department 2108 in the prologue of A. sandwithianum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen with inflorescences from this collection as the lectotype of A. sandwithianum (K barcode K 000587699) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E6EDC1459724.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Path between headwaters of Ira-igarapé and headwaters of Igarapé Abiú, affluent of Rio Taraíra, 4 – 6 Jul 1948, R. E. Schultes & F. López 10178 (MO [barcode MO- 2958642 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092481 F image!, barcode V 0092482 F image!], GH [barcode 00057223 image!], IAN [No. 60424!], K [barcode K 000587682 image!], MICH [barcode 1229510 image!], P [barcode P 00639550 image!, barcode P 00639551 image!], US [barcode 00111816 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E6EDC1459724.taxon	discussion	Notes — Maguire & Wurdack (1958) cited the gathering Maguire & Politi 28255 from the herbarium NY as the holotype of A. glaucum. Based on this information and the materials studied, we consider that the two materials with this information in NY (NY barcodes 00297969 and 00297975) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since one carries the annotation “ see fruit collection ” (NY barcode 00297969) and the other presents fruit remains (NY barcode 00297975) (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 5; Turland et al. 2018). According to Cremers (2001), the holotype of A. macrophyllum subsp. morii was transferred from the herbarium CAY to the herbarium P. After analyzing the specimens of A. glaucum and A. macrophyllum subsp. morii, we observed that their characteristics overlap with those of A. schultesii, such as the leaves with craspedodromous venation and longer petioles (2.5 – 4.3 cm long). Thus, we consider A. glaucum and A. macrophyllum synonyms of A. schultesii.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD082D1E2D9C5929330.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Prope San Gabriel da Cachoeira, ad Rio Negro, Jan – Aug 1852, R. Spruce 2265 (C [barcode C 10005745 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956455 image!], E [barcode E 00259704 image!], F [barcode V 0092484 F image!], G [barcode G 00169338 image!, barcode G 00169339 image!, barcode G 00169340 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], GH [barcode 00057224 image!], K [barcode K 000587694 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO- 2958643 image!], MPU [barcode MPU 022746 image!], NY [barcode 00297993 image!, barcode 00297994 image!], P [barcode P 00639546 image!, barcode P 00639547 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535083!], TCD [barcode TCD 0006573 image!], W [No. 1889 - 0011849 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4430 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD082D1E2D9C5929330.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Spruce 2265 in the prologue of A. spruceanum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. spruceanum (C barcode C 10005745) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, from the two gatherings indicated in the protologue of A. igapoanum by Markgraf (1935 b), Woodson (1951) cited the collection “ Ducke 24568 ” (Ducke s. n., herbarium RB No. 24568) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium as the second-step lectotype of A. igapoanum (RB barcode 00535045) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that the flowering specimens of A. igapoanum from herbaria RB, S, and U collected on September 9 th, 1935, and June 10 th, 1937, should not be treated as syntypes since they were collected after the species publication (March 31 st, 1935).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E625C56A9011.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Pereira et al. in Acta Bot. Bras. 33 (1): 6. 2019): — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Sara, Buena Vista, 450 m, 2 Oct 1925, J. Steinbach 7261 (K [barcode K 000587712 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057226 image!], E [barcode E 00259701 image!], F [barcode V 0092485 F image!], G [barcode G 00169334 image!], GH [barcode 00057227 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958584], NY [barcode 00297995 image!], PH [barcode 00004864 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535084!], S [No. S 04 - 1797 image!], U [barcode U 0000491 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4431 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E5C5C4869165.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Ptari-tepuí, East of “ Cave Rock ”, alt. 2130 m, 4 Nov 1944, J. A. Steyermark 59858 (MO [barcode MO- 2958581 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092486 F image!], NY [barcode 00297996 image!], VEN [barcode VEN 35845 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E419C7E3959D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Morro do Ernesto, Nov 1832, C. F. P. von Martius s. n. [Herb. Mart. Fl. Bras. No. 262] (M [barcode M- 0183478 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006959944 image!], E [barcode E 00259703 image!], G [barcode G 00143812 image!, barcode G 00169306 image!], K [barcode K 000587657 image!, barcode K 000587659 image!], L [barcode L 0931167 image!, barcode L 0931168 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958634 image!], NY [barcode 00297997 image!], P [barcode P 00639566 image!, barcode P 00639567 image!], W [No. W 0048486]). B †, F negative No. 7550 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E419C7E3959D.taxon	discussion	Notes — We elected a specimen with flowers and fruit from the single gathering cited by Martius (1838) as the lectotype of A. subincanum (M barcode M- 0183478). Also, among the six gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. chodatii by Markgraf (1923), Woodson (1951) selected as the type the collection “ Hassler [Rojas] 10647 ” (Rojas s. n.). However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing a specimen that belonged to Hassler’s personal herbarium as the second-step lectotype of A. chodatii (G barcode G 00108781) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) considered A. chodatii as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. & Zucc. However, A. chodatii presents branches with non-thickened suber (vs. thickened), petiolate (vs. sessile to subsessile) and non-decurrent (vs. decurrent) leaves, flowers with corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2 ×) (vs. equal to or 2 × longer than), tomentose ovary (vs. glabrous), and pubescent to glabrescent follicles (vs. tomentose). Based on all these characteristics, we consider A. chodatii a synonym of A. subincanum. Lasty, Duarte (1968) described A. heringeri Duarte as a species that shared some characteristics with A. subincanum. However, since we are still studying its description and types, we have not enough evidence to make decisions about their identities. Therefore, we treated A. heringeri as “ incertae sedis ”.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E7CDC72B90F5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata Reserve, 26 km S of Puerto Maldonado on E side of Río Tambopata, 12 Nov 1979, G. S. Hartshorn 2421 (MO [barcode MO- 2958528 image!]; isotypes: CR, F [barcode V 0421499 F image!], MO [barcode MO- 1069092 image!], USM).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E7CDC72B90F5.taxon	discussion	Notes — Gentry (1984) indicated the gathering Hartshorn 2421 from the herbarium MO as the holotype of A. tambopatense. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in MO (MO barcodes MO- 1069092 and MO- 2958528) are duplicates since one sheet was identified as “ holotype ” (MO barcode MO- 2958528) and the other as “ isotype ” (MO barcode MO- 1069092) and both received different voucher numbers (ICN article 8.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E5E9C6B49165.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Uruçuca, 7.3 km N of Serra Grande, on rd to Itacaré (14 ° 25 ’ S, 39 ° 01 ’ W), 6 May 1992, W. W. Thomas et al. 9156 (CEPEC [No. 55476 image!]; isotype: NY [barcode 01911857 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD282D1E419C68B903C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Campis S. Philippi, secundum Fluvium S. Francisci, s. d., C. F. P. von Martius s. n. (M [barcode M- 0183474 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00143874 image!], M [barcode M- 0183473 image!, barcode M- 0183475 image!, barcode M- 0183476 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD282D1E419C68B903C.taxon	discussion	Notes — The diagnosis of A. tomentosum presented in “ Flora ” by Martius & Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s. n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since there is one sheet in the herbarium M from the single collection made by Martius (1824) for A. tomentosum that resembles the illustration first mentioned in “ Flora ”, but only published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” (plate 34 (M barcode M- 0183474 )), we elected this sheet as the lectotype (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Riedel 671 in the prologue of A. tomentosum var. angustifolium but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a material with mature leaves and flowers as the lectotype of A. tomentosum var. angustifolium (W No. W 0057117) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) did not cite in which herbarium the type of A. pallidiflorum would be deposited. Therefore, we chose the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. pallidiflorum (C barcode C 10005749) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) and Elsam et al. (2021) considered A. chodatii Hassl. ex Markgr. (not mentioned by Elsam et al. (2021 )), A. gomezianum A. DC., A. hilarianum Müll. Arg., A. obscurum Müll. Arg., and A. tomentosum var. claussenii A. DC. (not mentioned by Woodson (1951 )) as synonyms of A. tomentosum. We disagree with both authors as we recognize A. gomezianum as a different species and include A. obscurum in its synonym (see the species notes). Also, we treated A. chodatii and A. hilarianum as synonyms of A. subincanum (Castello et al. 2018) and A. camporum, respectively (see the species notes). Lasty, Duarte (1968) described A. gilbertii Duarte, a species that shared some characteristics with A. tomentosum. However, we are still studying its description and types and for now do not have enough evidence to make decisions about its identity. So, we treated A. gilbertii as “ incertae sedis ”. We did the same for A. tomentosum var. claussenii, due to the lack of outstanding diagnostic characteristics in its protologue and our unsuccessful search for types associated with this name.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFD282D1E521C7889549.taxon	materials_examined	Neotype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Luis del Palmar, El Pontón, 13 Jan 1975, T. M. Pedersen 10862 (MBM [No. 45298!]; isoneotypes: A [barcode 02178704 image!], C [No. L 6 / 84 / No 146 image!], CTES, L [QR code L 2694246 image!, QR code L 2694247 image!], LL [barcode 00528391 image!], MO [barcode MO- 2958828], P [barcode P 04204789 image!, barcode P 04204790 image!], WAG [QR code WAG 1482575 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFD282D1E521C7889549.taxon	discussion	Notes — Rojas-Acosta (1913) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. triternatum. Thus, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “ If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected. ”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. triternatum (MBM No. 45298) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum, we could not locate the specimen indicated in the protologue by Markgraf (1935 b) from Cornelio Osten’s personal herbarium (Rojas 2073), because it was not transferred to the herbarium MVM like many other sheets from his herbarium (M. Valdivia, personal information). However, we found duplicates from this gathering. They present the same information cited in the protologue of A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum on locality, collection date, and collector, though the collecting number was applied for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“ Puerto Casado ”) and flowers (“ Estancia Loma-Porá ”). Since the collection of the flowering specimens was the one mentioned by Markgraf (1935 b), we chose it as the lectotype collection of A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, Spegazzini (1917) used a hyphen to separate the epithet in A. horcokebracho (“ A. horco-kebracho ”). Since the epithet’s two words did not stand independently, coming from the name of a locality, we performed the deletion of the hyphen according to the ICN article 60.11 (Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFED82D1E00DC04E9315.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. [Roraima]: Rio Branco, Surumu, Serra de Mairary, 500 – 900 m, Nov 1909, E. H. G. Ule 8453 (MG [barcode MG 013524!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169349 image!], K [barcode K 000587676 image!], L [barcode L 0004437 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535086!]). B †, F negative No. 4432 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFED82D1E00DC04E9315.taxon	discussion	Notes — Markgraf (1924) indicated the gathering Ule 8453 as “ Original ” for A. ulei between the two collections presented in the protologue but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Woodson (1951) suggested in his notes the collection Ule 8451 (not mentioned in the protologue) as a possible new type collection for A. ulei since he believed that the original gatherings were lost in the destruction of the herbarium B. However, since we located several sheets of the gathering Ule 8453, we chose a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium belonging to this gathering as the lectotype of A. ulei (MG barcode MG 013524) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E6C9C7819081.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — VENEZUELA. [Distrito Federal]: Caracas, 1829, J. M. Vargas 132 (G [barcode G 00143997 image!]). B †, F negative No. 7547 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E6C9C7819081.taxon	discussion	Notes — In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A. P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i. e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego & Laguna 2018). We believe that A. L. P. P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. vargasii was indicated as “ v. s. comm. a cl. Vargas ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since the only sheet of Vargas 132 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen as the holotype of A. vargasii (G barcode G 00143997).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E475C59D952C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Goiás: 1816, A. F. C. P. de Saint-Hilaire C 1 - 825 (P [barcode P 00645101 image!]; isolectotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V 0092487 F image!], P [barcode P 00639598 image!, barcode P 00639599 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E475C59D952C.taxon	discussion	Notes — From the single gathering “ St. - Hilaire 825 ” (St. - Hilaire C 1 - 825) mentioned in the protologue of A. verbascifolium by Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a), we elected the best-preserved material as the lectotype (P barcode 00645101) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) cited the collection Riedel 2770 for both A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum and A. platyphyllum. Still, based on the information on the labels and Saint-Hilaire’s field books (Pignal et al. 2013), we speculate that he may have mixed the collection information. So, we consider that A. platyphyllum presents the type collection St. - Hilaire C 1 - 844, for which we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype (P barcode P 00639596), while Riedel 2070 is the type collection of A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum, for which we elected the sheet that possess the label with detailed information as the lectotype (LE) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, we selected the most complete specimen from the single gathering cited by Kuntze (1898) for Macaglia lanata as the lectotype (NY barcode 00298114) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Woodson (1951) considered A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum as a synonym of A. macrocarpon. However, after analyzing specimens of A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum, A. platyphyllum, and A. verbascifolium, we verified that all three possess branches with thickened suber, petiolate and long leaves (> 10 cm) with eucamptrodomous venation, concentrated at the apex of branches, and flowers with externally entirely tomentose calyx, oblong corolla lobes, and externally entirely tomentose corolla tube. So, we consider A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum and A. platyphyllum as synonyms of A. verbascifolium.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFEC82D1E0D1C566976D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Inter Rio Negro et Orenoco, ad Flumina Casiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni, 1853 – 1854, R. Spruce 3328 (G [barcode G 00169335 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006960476 image!], E [barcode E 00259705 image!], G [barcode G 00169336 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G 00169337 image!], GH [barcode 00057229 image!], K [barcode K 000587713 image!], LD [barcode 1691942 image!], NY [barcode 00297999 image!], P [barcode P 00639543 image!, barcode P 00639561 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535088!], TCD [barcode TCD 0006572 image!], W [No. 1889 - 0011846 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4433 image!.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFEC82D1E0D1C566976D.taxon	discussion	Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860 a) indicated the gathering Spruce 3328 in the prologue of A. verruculosum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype of A. verruculosum (BR barcode 0000006960476) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, Azambuja (1948) indicated the gathering Ducke s. n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 50970) in the prologue of A. paniculatum. However, since the same collection information was used for three different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with mature flowers (“ 10 - 4 - 1942 ”), flower buds (“ 10 - 3 - 43 ”), and follicles (“ 19 - 4 - 1943 ”), we chose the gathering with mature flowers as the lectotype collection of A. paniculatum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the two preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535073 and 00567815) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets as they share a single original label, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, according to the lectotype label information, the numbers “ 918 ” and “ 1419 ” correspond to Ducke’s collecting numbers for the specimens with flowers and follicles, respectively. Still, none of these numbers were cited in the prologue of A. paniculatum. Regarding A. verruculosum var. laeve, Maguire & Wurdack (1961) indicated the collection Wurdack & Adderley 43280 from the herbarium NY as the holotype. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in NY (NY barcodes 00298000 and 00298001) are duplicates, as they were identified as “ holotype ” (NY barcode 00298000) and “ isotype ” (NY barcode 00298001) (ICN article 8.3; Turland et al. 2018).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F50FFEC82D1E211C7EF94D8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 64, Reserva W. Egler, Rio Preto da Eva, 10 Sep 1970, W. A. Rodrigues 8938 (INPA (mounted on five herbarium sheets) [No. 28313!]; isotypes: F [barcode V 0092489 F image!], VEN [barcode VEN 158456 image!]).	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F50FFEC82D1E211C7EF94D8.taxon	discussion	Notes — Duarte (1972) indicated the gathering Rodrigues 8938 from the herbarium INPA as the holotype of A. williamii. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the five preparations with this information in INPA (INPA No. 28313) belong to a single specimen mounted on five sheets since they share a single original label, received the same voucher and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that Duarte (1972) originally published this species as “ A. williamsii ” in honor of the collector William A. Rodrigues, but Brenan (1981) later corrected the name to A. williamii.	en	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
