identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A787AC2F72FFCE82D1E451C0919405.text	03A787AC2F72FFCE82D1E451C0919405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma Martius & Zuccarini 1824	<div><p>Aspidosperma Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 135. 1824, nom. cons.</p> <p>Type: Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. &amp; Zucc., typ. cons.</p> <p>= Coutinia Vell., Quinogr. Portug.: 166. 1799, nom. rej. Type: Coutinia illustris Vell.</p> <p>= Macaglia Rich. ex Vahl in Skr. Naturhist.- Selsk. 6: 107. 1810, nom. rej. Type (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 136. 1951): Macaglia alba Vahl.</p> <p>= Peltospermum DC. in Biblioth. Universelle Geneve, nouv. sér. 17: 133. 1838. Type: “ Peltospermum patrisii ” DC. ex A.DC., pro syn.</p> <p>= Thyroma Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 22. 1878. Type (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 136. 1951): Thyroma sessiliflora (Müll.Arg.) Miers.</p> <p>= Paralyxia Baill. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(94): 748. 1888. Type: Paralyxia schomburgkii Baill.</p> <p>= Cufodontia Woodson in Cufod. in Arch. Bot. Sist. 10(1): 38. 1934. Type: Cufodontia stegomeris Woodson.</p> <p>“ Ostreocarpus ” Rich., Gen. Pl.: 1396. 1840, pro syn.</p> <p>Notes —Since detailed descriptions of the species presented in the protologue of Aspidosperma were later published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” by Martius (1824), for many years, this publication was treated as the original publication of the genus (Stafleu &amp; Cowan 1981). Marcondes-Ferreira (1988) correctly recognized that Aspidosperma was first published in “ Flora ”, but attributed its authorship only to Martius, mentioning an excerpt from the cover page of “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” in which Martius had attributed to Zuccarini only the organization of the work’s illustrations and notes (Martius &amp; Zuccarini 1824). However, since both Martius and Zuccarini signed the manuscript published in “ Flora ”, we understand that they should be cited as authors of Aspidosperma and the species described therein, despite the comments made by Martius.</p> <p>It is worth mentioning that prior to the publication of Aspidosperma, the names Coutinia and Macaglia were already being applied to this taxon. Firstly, due to the already widespread usage of the name Aspidosperma, Harms (1904) formally proposed conserving this name against Macaglia, probably not knowing about the existence of the name Coutinia at the time. A few years later, Kuhlmann &amp; Pirajá (1925) recognized that Coutinia was also congeneric with Aspidosperma, but the formal proposal for rejecting Coutinia was later made by Fallen (1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F72FFCE82D1E451C0919405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F72FFC982D1E1F9C019908C.text	03A787AC2F72FFC982D1E1F9C019908C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma album (Vahl) Pichon	<div><p>Aspidosperma album (Vahl) Benoist ex Pichon in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2 19(4): 367. 1947.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia alba Vahl in Skr. Naturhist. - Selsk. 6: 107. 1810.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 194, 196. 1951):— FRANCE. [French Guiana]: s.d., L.C. Richard s.n. (C [barcode C10005729 image!]; isolectotypes: P [barcode P00645147 image!, barcode P00645148 image!, barcode P00645149 image!]).</p> <p>= Bignonia latisiliqua Poir., Encycl., suppl. 1(2): 632. 1811. ≡ Aspidosperma latisiliquum (Poir.) A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 676. 1844. Holotype:— FRANCE. [French Guiana]: Cayenne, s.d., J.B. Patris s.n. [Herb. Desfontaines] (FI [barcode FI009948 image!]; isotypes: G [barcode G00143991 image!, barcode G00144000 image!], P [barcode P00645146 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma woodsonianum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 559. 1935. Lectotype (designated here): — SURINAME. Forest Reserve, Sectie O, 26 Aug 1916, Boschwezen [Forestry Department] 2330 (U [barcode U0000489 image!]; isolectotype: US [barcode 01209324 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma latisiliqua ” (Poir.) A.DC., orth. var.</p> <p>“ Ostreocarpum albicans ” Rich., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Peltospermum latisiliquum ” DC. ex A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 676. 1844, pro syn.</p> <p>“ Peltospermum patrisii ” DC. ex A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 676. 1844, pro syn.</p> <p>Notes —Among the nine gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. woodsonianum, Markgraf (1935a) proclaimed Boschwezen [Forestry Department] 2330 as “Original der Art.”. Still, he did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. So, we selected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. woodsonianum (U barcode 0000489) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) accepted A. album but synonymized A. centrale Markgr., A. desmanthum Benth. ex Müll. Arg., and A. pachypterum Müll.Arg. under it. However, we consider these as distinct species. Aspidosperma album differs from A. centrale by the dark green leaves on the adaxial surface (vs. dark brown), with prominent secondary veins (vs. immersed), smaller (5.7–6.5 vs. 9.2–11.7 cm long) and non-rigid (vs. rigid) inflorescences, and flowers with corolla tube pubescent to glabrescent below the insertion of the anthers internally (vs. canescent) (Pereira et al. 2019). Moreover, A. album differs from A. desmanthum by the prominent secondary veins on the adaxial surface (vs. immersed), white leaves on the abaxial surface (vs. light green), and flowers ca. 6.6 mm long (vs. ca. 8 mm). Finally, A. album can be differentiated from A. pachypterum by the white leaves on the abaxial surface (vs. light brown or light green), suborbicular follicles (vs. pyriform), and membranaceous seeds (vs. chartaceous).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F72FFC982D1E1F9C019908C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E470C6009627.text	03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E470C6009627.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma araracanga Marc.	<div><p>Aspidosperma araracanga Marc. -Ferr. in Revista Brasil. Bot. 14(2): [127]. 1991.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, 1 Sep 1903, J. Huber 3848 (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535015!, barcode 00567821!]; isotypes: G [barcode G00169300 image!], R [barcode R000115226!], US [barcode 03229707 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Marcondes-Ferreira (1991) indicated the gathering Huber 3848 from the herbarium RB as the holotype of A. araracanga. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two specimens with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535015 and 00567821) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E470C6009627	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E3D8C766942F.text	03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E3D8C766942F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma auriculatum Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma auriculatum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(113): 299. 1935.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, entre Catú, Aurá e Providência, 1 Jan 1923, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [22450]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00534999!, barcode 00535016!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169299 image!], K [barcode K000587693 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958587 image!], P [barcode P00645105 image!], S [No. S04-1704 image!], U [barcode U0000464 image!], US [barcode 00111781 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Markgraf (1935b) indicated the gathering “Ducke n. 22450” (Ducke s.n., herbarium RB No. 22450) in the prologue of A. auriculatum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen from this collection of a Brazilian herbarium as the lectotype of A. auriculatum (RB barcode 00534999) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018), as this species is endemic to Brazil. It is worth mentioning that we consider the two preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00534999 and 00535016) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F75FFC982D1E3D8C766942F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F75FFC882D1E1D0C49D94BB.text	03A787AC2F75FFC882D1E1D0C49D94BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma australe Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma australe Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 58. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma australe var. australe. ≡ Macaglia australis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (first step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 151. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. 1818– 1820, F. Sellow B1645-c77? (BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000005783724 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-016032 image!], P [barcode P00639570 image!, barcode P00639571 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4406 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma argenteum Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 104. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, 14 Oct 1865, J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005738 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005737 image!, barcode C10005739 image!], NY [barcode 00297949 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma australe var. estrellense Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 263. 1913. Lectotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, pr. Estrella, Oct 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10651]] (RB [barcode 00285779!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 0217884 image!], BM [barcode 000087373 image!], C [barcode C10005741 image!], G [barcode G00108662 image!, barcode G00108663 image!, barcode G00108664 image! (mounted on three herbarium sheets)], K [barcode K000587669 image!], MO [barcode MO-015984 image!], NO [barcode NO0109661 image!], S [No. S12-16369 image!], SI [barcode 000741 image!], US [barcode 00111782 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma missionum Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 3(15): 336. 1917. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: Posadas, 1883–1907, C.L. Spegazzini s.n. [C.L. Spegazzini [12685]] (LP [barcode 002814 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma bellohorizontinum Silveira in Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 23: [159]. 1921. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, in Via Bernardo Guimarães, Nov–Dec, A. da Silveira s.n. [Herb. Silveira No. 570] (RB [barcode 00044297!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma longipetiolatum Kuhlm., Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 86. 1940. Lectotype (designated by Handro in Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3(5): 282. 1962):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Laranjeiras, ad Montem Dona Martha, 17 Jun 1936, J.G. Kuhlmann s.n. (RB [barcode 00535050!]; isolectotypes: NY [barcode 01085723 image!], SP [barcode SP000318 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma gehrtii Handro in Loefgrenia 9: [1]. 1963. Holotype:— BRAZIL. São Paulo, Ilha da Queimada Grande, 3 Nov 1920, A. Gehrt s.n. (SP [barcode SP000317 image!]; isotype: SPF [barcode SPF00071716!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma australe var. erythroxylum ” Hassl., Addenda Pl. Hassl.: 12. 1917, nom. nud.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma australe var. longepetiolatum ” Hassl., Addenda Pl. Hassl.: 12. 1917, nom. nud.</p> <p>Notes —From the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. australe by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) cited “Sellow s.n.” (Sellow B1645-c77?) as the type but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. We narrowed his lectotypification by selecting the best-preserved specimen from Sellow B1645-c77? as the second-step lectotype of A. australe (BR barcode 0000005783724) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008), we can speculate that Sellow’s collection was made between 1818 and 1820.</p> <p>Silveira (1921) used a hyphen to separate the epithet in A. bellohorizontinum (“ A. bello-horizontinum ”). However, since the epithet’s two words did not stand independently, coming from the name of a city, we performed the deletion of the hyphen according to the ICN article 60.11 (Turland et al. 2018). In the description of this species, Silveira (1921) mentioned a specimen deposited in his herbarium (“ N. 570 in herbario Silveira ”). Silveira’s collection was later distributed to the herbaria BHCB, OUPR, R, and RB (V.R. Scalon, personal information). We found one sheet without collecting number corresponding to this species in RB (RB barcode 00044297), thus we consider the gathering Silveira s.n. as the syntype (perhaps holotype) of A. bellohorizontinum.</p> <p>Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Warming s.n. in the prologue of A. argenteum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the specimen with the most informative label from this collection as the lectotype of A. argenteum (C barcode C10005737) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). We did the same for A. australe var. estrellense, and from the single gathering “Hassler 10651” (Rojas s.n.) indicated by Hassler (1913) in its protologue, we elected as the lectotype a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00285779) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) synonymized A. longipetiolatum under A. pyricollum Müll.Arg., but Handro (1962) reestablished the former. We disagree with both authors and recognize A. pyricollum as a distinct species from A. australe because of its usually broader leaves (1.6–4.1 vs. 0.7–2.9), eucamptodromous venation (vs. brochidodromous), and follicles brownish (vs. greyish) with long stipes (1.2–2.1 vs. 0.7–0.8). Also, we consider A. bellohorizontinum, A. gehrtii, and A. longipetiolatum as synonyms of A. australe since they present elliptic to narrow-obovate leaves with longer petioles (&gt; 2 cm long), externally entirely pubescent flowers with whitish indument, corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2–4×), entirely pubescent ovary, and follicles with whitish indument and sparse lenticels, which are key features in A. australe.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F75FFC882D1E1D0C49D94BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F74FFC882D1E1BCC52F950F.text	03A787AC2F74FFC882D1E1BCC52F950F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma brasiliense A. S. S. Pereira & A. C. D. Castello	<div><p>Aspidosperma brasiliense A.S.S.Pereira &amp; A.C.D.Castello in Phytotaxa 326(4): 236. 2017.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Gama, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.092777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.00639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.092777/lat -16.00639)">Núcleo Rural Ponte Alta</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.092777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.00639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.092777/lat -16.00639)">Chácara Tamboril</a>, 16°00’23”S, 48°05’34”W, 18 Nov 2015, A.C.D. Castello &amp; N.G. Bordon 166 (UEC [barcode UEC154375!]; isotypes: MG [barcode MG228895!], RB [barcode 01378788!], UB!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F74FFC882D1E1BCC52F950F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F74FFCB82D1E0F0C66C96B4.text	03A787AC2F74FFCB82D1E0F0C66C96B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma camporum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma camporum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 49. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia camporum (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Inter Macahé et Campos, s.d., L. Riedel 586 (U [barcode U0000466 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169333 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958635 image!], NY [barcode 00297952 image!], P [barcode P00639564 image!, barcode P00639565 image!], U [barcode U0000465 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4407 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma hilarianum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 50. 1860. ≡ Macaglia hilariana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1816–1821, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P [barcode P00639562 image!]; isolectotypes: F [barcode V0092460 F image!], K [barcode K000587652 image!], P [barcode P00639563 image!], US [barcode 00111799 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma warmingii Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 101. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, 23 Sep 1864, J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005753 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005754 image!], NY [barcode 00298002 image!], W [No. 1901-0007728 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma nemorale Handro in Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3(5): 225. 1962. Holotype:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Paulo, nativa do Jardim Botânico, 1 Dec 1950, M. Kuhlmann 2607 (SP [barcode SP000319 image!]; isotypes: K [barcode K000587704 image!], LIL [barcode LIL001111 image!], NY [barcode 00073928 image!], R [barcode R000110896!], RB [barcode 00535064!], S [No. S04- 1789 image!], SI [barcode 000742 image!, barcode 000743 image!], SPF [barcode SPF00085456!], US [barcode 00111808 image!], W [No. W0048497 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the single gathering Riedel 586 in the prologue of A. camporum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose as the lectotype of A. camporum the specimen from this collection with a readable collecting number (U barcode 0000466) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) did the same for A. hilarianum and A. warmingii. For that reason, from the gatherings Saint-Hilaire s.n. and Warming s.n. cited in the protologues of A. hilarianum and A. warmingii, respectively, we chose the best-preserved specimens as lectotypes (A. hilarianum, P barcode P00639562; A. warmingii, C barcode C10005753) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Aspidosperma camporum was considered as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. &amp; Zucc. by Woodson (1951). However, we accept A. camporum because it has petiolate leaves (0.5– 1.8 cm long) distributed along the branches, while A. tomentosum has sessile to subsessile leaves that are concentrated at the apex. Both species have a glabrous ovary, but the calyx of A. camporum is longer than A. tomentosum (4–5 vs. 2–3 mm long). Also, A. camporum is an emergent tree from the Atlantic Forest, unlike A. tomentosum, a short tree in the Cerrado. Furthermore, we observed that A. hilarianum, A. nemorale, and A. warmingii have characteristics that overlap with those mentioned above for A. camporum, in addition to present pubescent leaves with eucamptodromous venation and dark green adaxial surface. Aspidosperma camporum, A. nemorale and A. warmingii also present follicles entirely pubescent with yellowish indument (the gathering of A. hilarianum did not possess follicles). So, we consider them as synonyms of A. camporum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F74FFCB82D1E0F0C66C96B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCB82D1E3A9C71794D9.text	03A787AC2F77FFCB82D1E3A9C71794D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma capitatum L. O. Williams	<div><p>Aspidosperma capitatum L.O.Williams in Fieldiana, Bot. 31(10): 249. 1967.</p> <p>Holotype:— PERU. Huánuco: Leoncio Prado, Estación Experimental Agropecuario, Rupa-rupa, alt. 680 m, 11 Dec 1962, A. Gutiérrez 95 (F (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [V0092445F image!, V0092446F image!]; isotypes: DUKE [No. 221390 image!], NY [barcode 00297953 image!], US [barcode 00111783 image!], WIS [barcode 00000912MAD image!, barcode v0255155WIS image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Williams (1967) indicated the gathering Gutiérrez 95 from the herbarium F as the holotype of A. capitatum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two specimens with this information in F (F barcodes V0092445F and V0092446F) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since one was labeled as “sheet 1 of 2” (F barcode V0092445F) and the other as “sheet 2 of 2” (F barcode V0092446F) (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 7; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, other than what was suggested by Williams (1967), we did not find an isotype of A. capitatum in the herbarium G (F. Stauffer, personal information).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F77FFCB82D1E3A9C71794D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F77FFCA82D1E19DC0D193E9.text	03A787AC2F77FFCA82D1E19DC0D193E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma carapanauba Pichon	<div><p>Aspidosperma carapanauba Pichon in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2 19(4): 365. 1947.</p> <p>≡ Geissospermum excelsum Kuhlm. in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2(1): 89. 1935, non Aspidosperma excelsum Benth. in J. Bot. 3: 245. 1841.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Parintins, ao Oeste do Lago Uaicurapá, 6 Sep 1932, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24491]] (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535104!, barcode 00535159!, barcode 00535160!]; isotypes: A [barcode 02178446 image!], F [barcode V0092447F image!], K [barcode K000587684 image!], P [barcode P00645144 image!], S [No. S04-1799 image!], U [barcode U0000467 image!], WIS [barcode 00000925MAD image!]).</p> <p>Notes— Aspidosperma carapanauba was published as a replacement name for G. excelsum since the epithet “ excelsum ” was unavailable in Aspidosperma. Furthermore, once we have not found the annotation “No. 136” that appears in some sheets of G. excelsum (A (A barcode 02178446), F (F barcode V0092447F), and WIS (WIS barcode 00000925MAD)) in its protologue, we believe that it is unrelated to the collection, resulting from a processing error.</p> <p>Kuhlmann (1935) indicated the gathering Ducke s.n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24491, as “24471” in Woodson (1951)) in the prologue of G. excelsum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535104, 00535159, and 00535160) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F77FFCA82D1E19DC0D193E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E6EDC7C59385.text	03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E6EDC7C59385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma castroanum A. C. D. Castello	<div><p>Aspidosperma castroanum A.C.D.Castello in Syst. Bot. 43(4): 1039. 2018.</p> <p>Holotype — BRAZIL. Ceará: Acarape, Garapa, 27 Feb 2005, E.R. Silveira s.n. (EAC [barcode EAC0034803!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E6EDC7C59385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E579C51991D5.text	03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E579C51991D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma centrale Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma centrale Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 560. 1935.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Parintins, Lago José-Assú, 16 Sep 1932, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24571]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535019!, barcode 00535147!]).</p> <p>Notes — Pereira et al. (2019) designated a lectotype for A. centrale. However, in the light of the ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9 (Turland et al. 2018), we understand that the gathering “Ducke n. 24571” (Ducke s.n., herbarium RB No. 24571) indicated by Markgraf (1935a) as “Original der Art.” for A. centrale (among the four collections presented in the protologue) is the holotype. It is worth mentioning that we consider the two herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535019 and 00535147) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E579C51991D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E489C637959D.text	03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E489C637959D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma compactinervium Kuhlm., Anais	<div><p>Aspidosperma compactinervium Kuhlm., Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 87. 1940.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 172. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Avellar, Mar1933, G.M.Nunes s.n. [Nunes [26972],Serviço de Reflorestamento da E.F.C.Brasil] (RB [barcode 00535027!]; isolectotypes: MO [barcode MO-2958573 image!], R [barcode R000026972!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma pruinosum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15(1): 132. 1940. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 172. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca, 19 Oct 1880, A. Glaziou 12076 (K [barcode K000587686 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000005783274 image!], C [barcode C10023144 image!, barcode C10023145 image!], P [barcode P00645109 image!, barcode P00645110 image!, barcode P00645111 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>Notes —Kuhlmann presented the species A. compactivervium at the first South-American Botanical Meeting (October 12–19 th, 1938). Still, this name was officially published in 1940 in the third volume of the “Anais da Primeira Reunião Sul-Americana de Botânica” (Kuhlmann 1940). That same year, Markgraf (1940) published the name A. pruinosum, which we believe is the same taxon of A. compactivervium. However, despite our search, we could not determine which of these two names was first published. Thus, we adopted here the name most commonly applied for the taxon, i.e., A. compactivervium.</p> <p>Among the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. compactinervium by Kuhlmann (1940), Woodson (1951) cited “Nuñes 26972” (Nunes s.n., herbarium R No. 26972) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification electing as the second-step lectotype of A. compactinervium a material from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535027) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). We did the same for A. pruinosum, as the gathering Glaziou 12076 chosen by Woodson (1951) from the two collections presented by Markgraf (1940) also has more than one specimen. Therefore, we selected the material with flowers and follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. pruinosum (K barcode K000587686) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) synonymized A. compactinervium and A. pruinosum under “ A. eburneum ”. However, we observed that “ A. eburneum ”, in addition to not being validly published, corresponds to A. olivaceum Müll.Arg. (see the species notes). In our study, we consider A. pruinosum a synonym of A. compactinervium since their diagnostic features overlap, such as the leaves with brochidodromous venation and numerous secondary veins (ca. 30–34), flowers with glabrous ovary, and verrucose follicles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F76FFCA82D1E489C637959D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E7CEC09892A5.text	03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E7CEC09892A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma confertiflorum A. C. D. Castello	<div><p>Aspidosperma confertiflorum A.C.D.Castello in Syst.Bot. 43(4): 1040. 2018.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Ceará: Capistrano, Serra de Baturité, Pedra d’Água, 28 Jan 1978, M.A. Figueiredo s.n. (EAC [barcode EAC0004363!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E7CEC09892A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E65AC49797B1.text	03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E65AC49797B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson in Amer. J. Bot. 22(7): 684. 1935.</p> <p>Holotype:— GUATEMALA. Petén: Uaxactún, 16 Apr 1931, H.H. Bartlett 12570 (MO [barcode MO-1077539 image!]; isotypes: MICH (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 1002859A image!, barcode 1002859B image!], NY [barcode 00061273 image!], S (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [No. S04-1706 image!], US [barcode 00111786 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma matudae Lundell in Phytologia 1(10): 339. 1939. Holotype:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Jan 1938, E. Matuda 2030 (MICH [barcode 1229506 image!]; isotypes: A [barcode 00057208 image!], CAS [barcode 0000787 image!], F [barcode V0092442 F image!, barcode V0092443 F image!], GH [barcode 00057207 image!], JEPS [barcode UC913613 image!], K [barcode K000975145 image!], LL [barcode 00000191 image!, barcode 00372516 image!], MEXU [barcode MEXU00090166 image!, barcode MEXU00537836 image!], MO [barcode MO-1077531 image!], NY [barcode 04176876 image!], US [barcode 00111806 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma chiapense Matuda in Madroño 10(6): 172. 1950. ≡ Aspidosperma chiapense f. chiapense. Holotype:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Esperanza, altitude about 160 m, 15 Feb 1946, E. Matuda 16361 [Herb. Matuda] (MEXU [barcode MEXU00109025 image!]; isotypes: CAS [barcode 0000782 image!], EAP [barcode EAP90583 image!], F [barcode V0092440 F image!], MEXU [barcode MEXU00090368 image!], MICH [barcode 1229509 image!], NY [barcode 00061275 image!], US [barcode 00111784 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma chiapense f. tenax Matuda in Madroño 10(6): 173. 1950. Lectotype (designated here): — MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Esperanza, 25 Jan 1948, E. Matuda 17386 [Herb. Matuda] (MEXU [barcode MEXU00108898 image!]; isolectotypes: CAS (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 0000783 image!], F [barcode V0092439 F image!], MICH [barcode 1229508 image!], NY [barcode 00061274 image!]). Excluded: ENCB [barcode ENCB002849 image!].</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma sanguinale ” Bartlett in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 20. 1935, nom. nud.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma sanguineum ” Bartlett in Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 16. 1935, nom. nud.</p> <p>Notes —Since the holotype of A. chiapense f. tenax indicated by Matuda (1950) from his personal herbarium is missing, not having been transferred to the herbarium MEXU like many other sheets from him (M. Peña, personal information), we selected from the original material a specimen from a Mexican herbarium (MEXU barcode MEXU00108898) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018), as this species was found in Mexico. We also observed that one isolectotype specimen previously attributed to A. chiapense f. tenax belongs to A. megalocarpon Müll.Arg. (ENCB barcode ENCB002849), so, we are excluding it from the collection. Lastly, other than what Morales &amp; Zamora (2017) suggested, we did not find an isotype of A. chiapense in the herbarium ENCB (R. Nava, personal information).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) synonymized A. cruentum under A. megalocarpon, but Morales &amp; Zamora (2017) reestablished the former species and recognized both. We agree with the reestablishment of A. cruentum since it may be differentiated from A. megalocarpon by the leaves with craspedodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), branches with red latex (vs. white), flowers with filiform corolla lobes (vs. oblong or ovate), and follicles with sulcate ornamentation (vs. absent).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E65AC49797B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E2A6C55B9405.text	03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E2A6C55B9405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma crypticum J. F. Morales & N. Zamora	<div><p>Aspidosperma crypticum J.F.Morales &amp; N.Zamora in Phytoneuron 2017–68: 6. 2017.</p> <p>Holotype:— COSTA RICA. Puntarenas: Golfito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.18889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.673612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.18889/lat 8.673612)">Refugio de Vida Silvestre Golfito</a>, 3 km al N del aeropuerto, 8°40’25”N, 83°11’20”W, 200 m, 26 Jan 1992, R. Aguilar et al. 871 (CR [barcode INBIOCRI001558631 image!]; isotypes: MO [barcode MO-2925089 image!], USJ).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E2A6C55B9405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E1FAC0659A55.text	03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E1FAC0659A55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma curranii Standl., Trop. Woods	<div><p>Aspidosperma curranii Standl., Trop. Woods 36: 14. 1933.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. curranii (Standl.) Marc. - Ferr. in Revista Brasil. Bot. 14(2): 129. 1991.</p> <p>Holotype:— COLOMBIA. Caldas: Buenavista, Magdalena River, alt. 170 m, 11 Jul 1917, H.N. Whitford &amp; J. Pinzón 2 (F [barcode V0092450F image!]; isotypes: A [barcode 00057206 image!], GH [barcode 00057205 image!], K [barcode K001492763 image!], NY [barcode 00297955 image!], P [barcode P00639592 image!], US [barcode 00111787 image!], WIS [barcode 00000917MAD image!]).</p> <p>“ Cufodontia curranii ” (Standl.) Woodson, mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —The specimen cited by Woodson (1951) as the type of A. curranii (“Curran 294”) is a paratype.</p> <p>Marcondes-Ferreira (1991) treated A. curranii as a subspecies of A. megalocarpon Müll.Arg. However, we consider A. curranii as a distinct species because it presents smaller inflorescences (1–1.3 vs. 2–2.4 cm long) and yellowish follicles (vs. brownish) with inconspicuous lenticels (vs. conspicuous).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F79FFC582D1E1FAC0659A55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F78FFC782D1E7CDC74191A9.text	03A787AC2F78FFC782D1E7CDC74191A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth 1825) S. F. Blake 1926	<div><p>Aspidosperma cuspa (Kunth) S.F.Blake in Pittier, Man. Pl. Usual. Venez.: 110. 1926.</p> <p>≡ Conoria cuspa Kunth in Humb. et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 7, ed. qu.: 242, ed. fol.: 188. 1825, nom. cons. ≡ Alsodeia cuspa (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2): 99. 1827. ≡ Rinorea cuspa (Kunth) Baill., Hist. Pl. 4: 346. 1873.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Sucre: In montosis prope Bordones et Cumana, s.d., F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n. (P [barcode P00679672 image!]). Epitype (designated by Castello et al. in Taxon 66(3): 753. 2017):— VENEZUELA. Sucre: Entre Puerto La Cruz y Cumaná, Jul 1964, L. Aristeguieta 5365 (MO [barcode MO-016045 image!]; isoepitype: NY [barcode 02840460 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma bicolor Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 136. 1824, nom. rej. ≡ Thyroma bicolor (Mart.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 25. 1878. ≡ Macaglia bicolor (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated by Castello et al. in Taxon 66(3): 753. 2017):— BRAZIL. Piauí: s.d., C F.P. von Martius s.n. (M [barcode M-0183528 image!]; isolectotype: M [barcode M-0183529 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma decipiens Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 30(4): 398. 1860. ≡ Thyroma decipiens (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 24. 1878. ≡ Macaglia decipiens (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Prope Maypures ad Flumen Orenoco, Jun 1854, R. Spruce 3617 (K [barcode K000587706 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006955762 image!], G [barcode G00169407 image!], K [barcode K000587706 image!, barcode K000587707 image!], NY [barcode 00297957 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535029!], TCD [barcode TCD0006576 image!], W [No. 1889-0011844 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4411 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma lhotzkianum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 60. 1860. ≡ Aspidosperma lhotzkianum var. lhotzkianum. ≡ Thyroma lhotzkiana (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 25. 1878. Neotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Araguari, Funil I, Capim Branco I, 15 Dec 2006, P.O. Rosa et al. 249 (UEC [barcode UEC037427!]; isoneotype: HUFU [barcode HUFU00002354!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma sessiliflorum Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 30(4): 399. 1860. ≡ Thyroma sessiliflora (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 23. 1878. Lectotype (designated here): — TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. 1825, F.W. Sieber s.n. [Fl. Trinitatis No. 53] (F [barcode V0092444F image!]; isolectotypes: BM [barcode BM000645172 image!, barcode BM000645173 image!], F [barcode V0092444F image!], G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169458 image!], K [barcode K000587639 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-015980 image!, barcode MO-2958522 image!], W [No. W0048490 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma domingense Urb., Symb. Antill. 5: 460. 1908. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Distrito Nacional: Santo Domingo, prope Santiago in Cuesta de Piedra, 6 Jun 1887, H.F.A. von Eggers 2349 (K [barcode K000587637 image!]; isosyntype: RB [fragment] [barcode 00535034!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma sellowii var. collinum Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 263. 1913. Holotype:— PARAGUAY. Cordillera: Cerro Tobaty, Mar 1898 /1899, E. Hassler 4044 (G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108678 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma lucentivenium S.F.Blake in Contr. Gray Herb. 3(53): 46. 1918. Holotype:— VENEZUELA. [Vargas]: La Guaira, between La Guaira and Río Grande, 12 Jun 1917, H.M. Curran &amp; M. Haman 970 (GH [barcode 00057212 image!]; isotypes: NY [barcode 00297974 image!], US [barcode 00111802 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma ellipticum Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl.: 82. 1920. Lectotype (designated here): — COLOMBIA. [Magdalena]: Santa Marta, at Masinga Vieja, 25 Apr 1898 /1899, H.H. Smith 836 [pro parte [flowering branch]] (NY [barcode 00297966 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057210 image!], CM [barcode 1715 image!, barcode 1716 image!], DAO [barcode 000455914 image!], F [barcode V0092455 F image!], GH [barcode 02178467 image!], L [barcode L0004432 image!], LL [barcode 00000190 image!], MA [barcode MA215679 image!], MICH [barcode 1229504 image!], P [barcode P00645108 image!], PH [barcode 00004863 image!], S [No. S04- 1713 image!], U [barcode U0000468 image!], US [barcode 01107883 image!], WIS [barcode v0255156WIS image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma lhotzkianum var. hypolasium Malme in Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 11. 1927. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 21 Dec 1902, G.O.A. Malme 2745 (S [No. S04-1775 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169409 image!], LD [barcode 1927627 image!], R [barcode R000020529!], S [No. S12-16259 image!, No. S-PL-17707]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma woronovii Standl. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., bot. ser. 8(1): 34. 1930. Holotype:— COLOMBIA. Huila: Quebrada de Mambucá, 29 Aug 1926, G.G.N. Woronow 7075 (LE [barcode LE00004512 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092490 F image!, [fragment] barcode V0092491 F image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma ecuadorense ” Woodson, mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma elliptica ” Rusby, orth. var.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma lhotzkianum var. parvifolium ” Taub., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma ovalifolium ” Allemão, mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma sissiliflora ” Müll.Arg., orth. var.</p> <p>Notes — Rusby (1920) indicated the collection Smith 836 in the prologue of A. ellipticum. However, since the same collecting number was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“Bonda, in February”) and flowers (“Masinga Vieja, April 25”), we chose as the lectotype collection of A. ellipticum the gathering with flowers and the specimen from the herbarium NY as the lectotype since it belongs to the herbarium where Rusby worked (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Rusby (1920) mentioned that the preparations of Smith 836 would contain a mixture of species (A. decipiens and A. ellipticum). Still, we disagree with that since the characteristics of A. decipiens and A. ellipticum overlap with those of A. cuspa, such as the leaves with reticulodromous venation, leafopposed inflorescences, and basal or apical seed nuclei.</p> <p>Müller-Argoviensis (1860b) indicated the gathering Spruce 3617 in the prologue of A. decipiens but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen with mature inflorescences from this collection as the lectotype of A. decipiens (K barcode K000587706) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we chose lectotypes for A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium and A. sessiliflorum. In the case of A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium, from the single gathering indicated by Malme (1927), we elected the best-preserved material as the lectotype (S No. S04-1775) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that unlike it was suggested by Woodson (1951), we did not find a type specimen of A. lhotzkianum var. hypolasium in the herbarium US (S. Lutz, personal information). For A. sessiliflorum, we chose a specimen with the most informative label from the single gathering presented by Müller-Argoviensis (1860b) as the lectotype (F barcode V0092444F) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Finally, since we did not find any extant original material belonging to the two gatherings of A. lhotzkianum cited by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) (i.e., “ Habitat in prov. Minarum: Lhotzky in hb. Berol. ” and “ in siccis prope Cuiaba: Riedel n. 1210 ”), only the negative of Lhotzky s.n. from the herbarium B (B†, F negative No. 4420), we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with flowers from the same region that the original gathering (Minas Gerais state) as the neotype of A. lhotzkianum (UEC barcode UEC037427) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F78FFC782D1E7CDC74191A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7BFFC682D1E4ADC71D9139.text	03A787AC2F7BFFC682D1E4ADC71D9139.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 54. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon var. cylindrocarpon.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 160. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ypanema [Iperó], s.d., F. Sellow 1650-780 (W [No. 1889-0167639 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode BR0000013050337 image!], G [barcode G00169298 image!], K [barcode K000587678 image!], P [barcode P00645142 image!, barcode P00645143 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535028!], W [No. W0057136 image!]). B †, F negative No. 31780 image !.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma lagoense Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 102. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, Oct 1864, J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005732 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005731 image!], F [barcode V0092464 F image!], NY [barcode 00297972 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma brevifolium Rusby in Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8(28): 113. 1912. Lectotype (designated here): — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Río San Juan, 3500 ft. alt., 5 Abr 1902, R.S. Williams 255 (NY [barcode 00297951 image!]; isolectotype: K [barcode K000 587705 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon var. longepetiolatum Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 261. 1913. Holotype:— PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, pr. Bella-vista, Oct 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [12068]] (G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108687 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon var. macrophyllum Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 261. 1913. Lectotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, Nu-verá, Nov 1912 /1913, E. Hassler 11422 (LIL [barcode LIL001108 image!]; isolectotype: G (mounted on four herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108688 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma divaricatum Duarte in Sellowia 24: 67. 1972. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Goiânia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Mata do Planalto, 17 Sep 1970, A. Rizzo 124 (RB [barcode 00535033!]; isotypes: CEN [barcode CEN00071898!], NY [barcode 01546546 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma brevifolia ” Rusby, orth. var.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma cuyabense ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon var. genuinum ” Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>Notes —Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008) and information on other Aspidosperma species collected by Sellow (A. australe (B1645-c77?) and A. olivaceum (B1647-c777)), we can speculate that Sellow’s collection of A. cylindrocarpon was also made on his third journey to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais states (Brazil). Additionally, on some labels is also handwritten “Ypanema”, which according to Urban (1906) narrows down the locality of “Rio Sorocaba, Ipanema (Real Fabrica de Ferro de S.J. Ipanema, 1.VI.1819 – 7.I.1820)” in São Paulo.</p> <p>Also, between the two gatherings cited in the protologue of A. cylindrocarpon by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) selected as the type “Sello s.n.” (Sellow 1650-780). However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification electing the material with a visible collecting number as the second-step lectotype of A. cylindrocarpon (W No. 1889-0167639) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s.n. in the prologue of A. lagoense but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. lagoense (C barcode C10005732) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we chose lectotypes for A. brevifolium and A. cylindrocarpon var. macrophyllum. In the case of A. brevifolium, we elected the most complete specimen from the single gathering indicated by Rusby (1912) as the lectotype (NY barcode 00297951), while for A. cylindrocarpon var. macrophyllum we chose as the lectotype a specimen with flowers from the single gathering cited by Hassler (1913) (LIL barcode LIL001108) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e.g., “ A. cylindrocarpon var. genuinum ”).</p> <p>We are considering A. divaricatum as a synonym of A. cylindrocarpon once the main morphological characteristics of A. divaricatum overlap with those of A. cylindrocarpon, as the leaves with longer petioles (2–3.5 cm long) and brochidodromous venation and flowers with oblong corolla lobes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7BFFC682D1E4ADC71D9139	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E43DC08791D5.text	03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E43DC08791D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma dardanoanum J. W. Alves-Silva	<div><p>Aspidosperma dardanoanum J.W.Alves-Silva in Phytotaxa 491(4): 272. 2021.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-35.94278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.306667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -35.94278/lat -9.306667)">Plano</a>, 9°18’24”S, 35°56’34”W, 15 Feb 2005, N.T. Mendonça 476 (MAC [barcode MAC0029043!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E43DC08791D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E489C64F976A.text	03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E489C64F976A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma darienense Dwyer	<div><p>Aspidosperma darienense Woodson ex Dwyer in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53(1): [104]. 1966.</p> <p>Holotype:— PANAMA. Darién: Between Río Chucunaque and Río Canglon, 12 Jun 1961, O. Sexton &amp; D. Knight s.n. (MO [barcode MO-2958523 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma helstonei Donsel. in Acta Bot. Neerl. 21(3): [253]. 1972. Holotype:— SURINAME. Brokopondo: E bank of Suriname River, just SW of Redi Doti, 27 Jul 1964, J. van Donselaar 1487 (U [barcode U0000474 image!]; isotypes: K [barcode K000587702 image]!, NY [barcode 00297970 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma alstonii ” von Don, mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma amapa ” Markgr., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma dukei ” Dwyer, mss. in sched.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E489C64F976A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E211C71994E6.text	03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E211C71994E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma decussatum Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma decussatum Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 190. 1951.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma decussatum subsp. decussatum.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Ptari-tepuí, on “Cave Rock” above “Cave Camp”, alt. 1810 m, 29 Oct 1944, J. A. Steyermark 59506 (MO [barcode MO-2958583 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092451 F image!], NY [barcode 00297958 image!], VEN [barcode VEN 35831 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma decussatum subsp. jauaense Steyerm.&amp; Maguire in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 881. 1972. Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Meseta del Jáua, Cerro Jáua, cumbre de la porción Central-Occidental de La Meseta, 4°45” Lat. N, 64°26” Long. Oeste, 36 millas nauticas o 60 kms Noroeste de la misión de Campamento Sanidad del Río Kanarakuni, alt. 1922–2100 m, 22–27 Mar 1967, J.A. Steyermark 98086 (VEN [barcode VEN81826 image!]; isotypes: NY [barcode 00297959 image!], U [barcode U0000470 image!], US [barcode 00111789 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma decussatum subsp. jauaensis ” Steyerm. &amp; Maguire, orth. var.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7AFFC682D1E211C71994E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7AFFC182D1E19DC739935D.text	03A787AC2F7AFFC182D1E19DC739935D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma desmanthum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma desmanthum Benth. ex Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 51. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia desmantha (Benth. ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Alto Amazonas, prope Panuré ad Rio Uaupés, Oct 1852 – Jan 1853, R. Spruce 2618 (K [barcode K000587698 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956417 image!], C [barcode C10005733 image!, barcode C10005734 image!], E [barcode E00259707 image!], G [barcode G00169295 image!, barcode G00169296 image!, barcode G00169297 image!], GH [barcode 00057209 image!], NY [barcode 00297960 image!, barcode 00297961 image!], P [barcode P00639548 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 0535030!], TCD [barcode TCD0006577 image!], U [barcode U0000471 image!], W [No. 1889-0011847 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Spruce 2618 in the prologue of A. desmanthum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. desmanthum (K barcode K000587698) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, the sheet chosen belongs to the herbarium where Bentham worked.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7AFFC182D1E19DC739935D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E601C6C796FD.text	03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E601C6C796FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma discolor A. DC., Prodr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma discolor A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 398. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma discolor var. discolor. ≡ Macaglia discolor (A.DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Jacobina, Igreja Velha, 1841, J.S. Blanchet 3388 (G [barcode G00143945 image!]; isotypes: BM [barcode BM000952695 image!], BR [barcode 0000006955755 image!, barcode 0000006956080 image!], G [barcode G00169292 image!, barcode G00169293 image!, barcode G00169294 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-2958645 image!], NY [barcode 00297962 image!], P [barcode P00645118 image!], RB [barcode 00535031!], W [No. W0048501 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4412 image !.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma francisci A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 398. 1844. ≡ Aspidosperma discolor var. parvifolium Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 60. 1860. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio São Francisco, Serra de Açuruá, 1838, J. S. Blanchet 2859 (G [barcode G00143876 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092458F image!], G [barcode G00169404 image!, barcode G00169405 image!, barcode G00169406 image!], K [barcode K000587688 image!, barcode K000979023 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-2958646 image!], NY [barcode 00023399 image!], P [pro parte [branch with leaves and remains of inflorescence]] [barcode P00645117 image!], W [No. 1889-0121461 image!]). B†, F negative No. 7548 image!.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma francisii ” A.DC., orth. var.</p> <p>Notes —In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gatherings cited in the protologues of A. discolor (Blanchet 3388) and A. francisci (Blanchet 2859) were indicated as “ v. s. flor. inap. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the five sheets of Blanchet 3388 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen the holotype of A. discolor (G barcode G00143945). Also, only one of the four sheets of Blanchet 2859 has the G-DC label, being treated as the holotype of A. francisci (G barcode G00143876).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E601C6C796FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E3E1C6E695B8.text	03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E3E1C6E695B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma dispermum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma dispermum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 60. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia disperma (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra da Lappa, s.d., L. Riedel 1091 (G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169291 image!]; isolectotypes: GH [barcode 00078656 image!], NY [barcode 00970588 image!, barcode 00970589 image!], P [barcode P00645113 image!, barcode P00645114 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535032!], S [No. S04-1708 image!], U [barcode U0000472 image!, barcode U0000475 image!], W [No. W0048500 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma ellipsocarpum Duarte in Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Fed. Minas Gerais 1: 9. 1968. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Rio Doce Valley beside the Rio-Bahia Highway, BR-4, km 751, 27 Mar 1966, A. P. Duarte 9664 (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535036!, barcode 00813265!, barcode 00813266!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma dispersum ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Riedel 1091 in the prologue of A. dispermum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a specimen with flowers and follicles from this collection as the lectotype of A. dispermum (G barcode G00169291) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. ellipsocarpum, Duarte (1968) indicated the gathering Duarte 9664 from the herbarium RB in the protologue. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535036, 00813265, and 00813266) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Aspidosperma ellipsocarpum and A. dispermum possess leaves with crenulate margin, craspedodromous venation, and longer petioles (&gt; 2 cm long), flowers with corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (1.6×), and sessile or subsessile and broadly fusiform follicles. Based on these characteristics, we consider A. ellipsocarpum as a synonym of A. dispermum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7DFFC182D1E3E1C6E695B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E7CEC56390AD.text	03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E7CEC56390AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma duckei Huber	<div><p>Aspidosperma duckei Huber in Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 244. 1922.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 139. 1951):— BRAZIL. Pará: Óbidos, Serra da Escama, 22 Sep 1910, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [11040]] (MG [barcode MG011040!]; isolectotypes: G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169271 image!], P, R [barcode R000002228!], RB [barcode 00535035!], US [barcode 03229927 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma duckei ” Huber in Bol. Mus. Goeldi Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 6: 201. 1910, nom. nud.</p> <p>Notes — Ducke (1922) validly published A. duckei discovered by Huber (1910) after presenting Huber’s diagnosis (in sched.) along with other information. He attributed to Huber the species authorship (Ducke 1922).</p> <p>Among the five gatherings indicated in the protologue of A. duckei, Woodson (1951) cited “Ducke 11040” (Ducke s.n., herbarium MG No. 11040) as the type. Since the number “11040” corresponds to a voucher of a single specimen in MG (MG barcode MG011040), as explained by Ducke himself in the publication’s introduction: “The specimen numbers cited in this work refer to the Museu Paraense, whenever there is no special indication” (“La numération des spècimens d’herbier cités dans ce travail se refère a l’Herbier Amazonien du Museu Paraense, chaque foi qu’il n’y a pas d’indication spéciale.”; Ducke 1922, p. 19), we understand that Woodson (1951) performed the lectotypification of A. duckei.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E7CEC56390AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E452C76D96D1.text	03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E452C76D96D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma eteanum Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma eteanum Markgr. in Notizbl.Bot.Gart.Berlin-Dahlem12(113):297.1935.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Markgraf in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 558. 1935; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Pará: Almeirim, Serra de Almeirim, 24 Aug 1918, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [22445]] (RB [barcode 00535037!]; isolectotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V0092456F image!], K [barcode K000587701 image!], P [barcode P00645107 image!], S [No. S04-1714 image!], U [barcode U0000473 image!], US [barcode 00111793 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Markgraf (1935b) indicated three gatherings in the protologue of A. eteanum without specifying the typical collection. However, since he cited the gathering “Ducke n. 22445” (Ducke s.n., herbarium RB No. 22445) as “Original der Art.” for A. eteanum in a later publication (Markgraf 1935a), we understand that Markgraf (1935a) performed the lectotypification. Nevertheless, since this collection has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Markgraf’s (1935a) typification by selecting as the second-step lectotype a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535037) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E452C76D96D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E386C12E944D.text	03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E386C12E944D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma excelsum Bentham 1841	<div><p>Aspidosperma excelsum Benth. in J. Bot. 3: 245. 1841.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia excelsa (Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated by Morales &amp; Zamora in Phytoneuron 2017–68: 8. 2017):— GUYANA. [Upper Demerara-Berbice]: Berbice, 1837, Rob. Schomburgk [ser. 1] 468 (K [barcode K000975141 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00143962 image!, barcode G00169287 image!, barcode G00169288 image!], K [barcode K000587685 image!], L [barcode L0931170 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958572], P [barcode P00645106 image!], RB [barcode 00535040!], SING [barcode SING0069604 image!], TCD [barcode TCD0006575 image!], W [No. W0048499 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4409 image!.</p> <p>Notes —To avoid any future misinterpretation about collection information, we believe it is important to state that the original gathering of A. excelsum corresponds to Robert Schomburgk’s first collection series (van Dam 2002).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E386C12E944D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E132C5119549.text	03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E132C5119549.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma fendleri Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma fendleri Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 185. 1951.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Mérida: Prope Coloniam Tovar, 1856–1857, A. Fendler 781 (MO [barcode MO-2958568 image!]; isotypes: BR [barcode 0000005906697 image!], G [barcode G00169273 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00169285 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00169286 image!], GH [barcode 00057211 image!], K [barcode K000587711 image!], NY [barcode 00297968 image!], P [fragment] [barcode P00645104 image!], US [barcode 03229850 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E132C5119549	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E00EC11195B9.text	03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E00EC11195B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma flaviflorum Machate	<div><p>Aspidosperma flaviflorum Machate in Syst. Bot. 45(2): 317. 2020.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Porto Murtinho, ao longo da Rodovia BR-267 para <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.61761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.722612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.61761/lat -21.722612)">Porto Murtinho</a>, 21°43’21,40”S, 57°37’03,40”W, 128 m, 16 Jul 2014, D.J. Machate et al. 17 (CGMS [No. 44892 image!]; isotypes: COR [No. 18004], K, MBM, MO, MY, NY, RB).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7CFFC082D1E00EC11195B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E7CDC6009385.text	03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E7CDC6009385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma formosanum Duarte	<div><p>Aspidosperma formosanum Duarte in Arq. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 19: 218. 1973.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Formosa para Poções, 19 Oct 1965, A.P. Duarte 9387 (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535041!, barcode 00567817!, barcode 00567818!]; isotypes: CEN [barcode CEN00071899 image!], NY [barcode 01546547 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Duarte (1973) indicated the gathering Duarte 9387 from the herbarium RB in the protologue of A. formosanum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the three herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535041, 00567817, and 00567818) belong to a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E7CDC6009385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E579C5BE94D8.text	03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E579C5BE94D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma gomezianum A. DC.	<div><p>Aspidosperma gomezianum A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 397. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia gomeziana (A.DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Ad montes Serra dos Órgãos, Jul 1837, G. Gardner 835 (K [barcode K000587651 image!]; isolectotypes: E [barcode E00259702 image!], G [barcode G00169304 image!, barcode G00169305 image!], GH [barcode 02178699 image!],, NY [barcode 01921303 image!, barcode 00023368 image!], P, US [barcode 00111797 image!], W [No. 1889-0164179 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma obscurum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 48. 1860. ≡ Macaglia obscura (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. s.d., J. B. E. Pohl 4314 (BR [barcode 0000006956127 image!]; isolectotype: W [No. W0051381 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma pitiae ” Casaretto in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 45. 1860, pro syn.</p> <p>Notes —The collection “Gardner 855” cited by A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) in the protologue of A. gomezianum actually corresponds to a gathering of Poaceae. The correct citation for the type of A. gomezianum is Gardner 835. Also, according to Gardner’s “Catalogue of Brazilian Plants” (Hind 2012), the collection of A. gomezianum was made in 1837. In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”, A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. gomezianum (Gardner 835) was indicated as “ v.s. comm. a cl. Ildef.-Gomez ”. However, despite the specimens from the de Candolle family collection being incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC, none of the sheets from this gathering found in G bear the label “G-DC”. Thus, since the holotype of A. gomezianum is missing, we selected as the lectotype the only specimen with follicles (K barcode K000587651) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Pohl 4314 in the prologue of A. obscurum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. obscurum (BR barcode 0000006956127) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Moreover, Woodson (1951) and Elsam et al. (2021) considered A. gomezianum as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. &amp; Zucc. However, we accept A. gomezianum because it presents non-suberous branches (vs. suberous), petiolate and glabrous leaves (vs. sessile and tomentose), and flowers with calyx lobes covering the entire length of the corolla tube (vs. covering up to half or upper third). Also, A. gomezianum occurs only in Atlantic Forest inselbergs, while A. tomentosum occurs throughout the Cerrado. Also, after analyzing A. obscurum protologue and lectotypes, we verified that A. obscurum and A. gomezianum have leaves with eucamptodromous venation, that are concentrated at the branch apex, flowers with tomentose and narrowly triangular calyx lobes that covers the entire length of the corolla tube, corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (2×), and glabrous ovary. Therefore, we consider A. obscurum as a synonym of A. gomezianum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E579C5BE94D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E19DC1E69574.text	03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E19DC1E69574.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma huberianum A. S. S. Pereira	<div><p>Aspidosperma huberianum A.S.S.Pereira in Syst. Bot. 44(2): 363. 2019.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Rondônia: Porto Velho, UHE de Samuel, Rio Jamari, 18 Jan–11 Feb 1989, U.N. Maciel &amp; C.S. Rosário 1536 (MG [barcode MG132985!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E19DC1E69574	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E069C5F29A54.text	03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E069C5F29A54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma illustre (Vell.) Kuhlm. & Piraja	<div><p>Aspidosperma illustre (Vell.) Kuhlm. &amp; Pirajá in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: [375]. 1925.</p> <p>≡ Coutinia illustris Vell., Quinogr. Portug.: 166. 1799.</p> <p>Holotype:—Tab. 10, Tab. 10A–C, illustration: Vell., Quinogr. Portug., 1799.</p> <p>Notes — Vellozo (1799) stated in the protologue of Coutinia illustris that its description was based on the illustration published concurrently by him. Thus, since no physical specimen was indicated for C. illustris and we have not been able to locate any potential original specimens, we consider that the illustration presented by Vellozo (1799) is the holotype of A. illustre.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7FFFC382D1E069C5F29A54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E7CDC4A29081.text	03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E7CDC4A29081.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma inundatum Ducke	<div><p>Aspidosperma inundatum Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 245. 1922.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pará: Prope Gurupá, 13 Aug 1918, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [17195]] (MG [barcode MG017195!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092463F image!], G [barcode G00169265 image!], K [barcode K000587681 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958527], NY [barcode 00297971 image!], P [barcode P00645103 image!], R [barcode R000007307!], RB [barcode 00535003!, barcode 00535046!], S [No. S12-16364 image!], U [barcode U0000476 image!], US [barcode 00111801 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Ducke (1922) indicated the gathering “ A. Ducke 13-8-1918 flor. et fructibus vetustis, n. 17195 ” (Ducke s.n., herbarium MG No. 17195) in the prologue of A. inundatum. As explained by Ducke himself in the publication’s introduction: “The specimen numbers cited in this work refer to the Museu Paraense, whenever there is no special indication” (“La numération des spècimens d’herbier cités dans ce travail se refère a l’Herbier Amazonien du Museu Paraense, chaque foi qu’il n’y a pas d’indication spéciale.”; Ducke 1922, p. 19). Thus, since the number “17195” corresponds to a voucher of a single sheet in MG, we understand that this specimen is the holotype of A. inundatum.</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. acanthocarpum Markgr. as a synonym of A. inundatum. Still, we disagree with that interpretation since the latter has leaves with shorter petioles (1–1.5 vs. 2 cm long) and sessile smooth follicles (vs. stipitated verrucose) with conspicuous lenticels (vs. inconspicuous). However, at the moment, we do not have enough information to decide about the name A. acanthocarpum. Therefore, we treated A. acanthocarpum as “ incertae sedis ”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E7CDC4A29081	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E475C06C97DD.text	03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E475C06C97DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma leucocymosum Kuhlm.	<div><p>Aspidosperma leucocymosum Kuhlm. in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2(1): 88. 1935.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma leucostachys Kuhlm. ex Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 558. 1935, nom. illeg. superfl.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Curicuriari, afluente do Rio Negro, margem alta, 21 Dec 1931, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24492]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535000!, barcode 00535049!]; isotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V0092465F image!], G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00190818 image!], IAN [No. 50584!], K [barcode K000587695 image!], MO [barcode MO-1845735 image!], P [barcode P00645102 image!], S [No. S04-1769 image!], U [barcode U0000477 image!], US [barcode 00111803 image!]).</p> <p>Notes —Since A. leucocymosum and A. leucostachys share the same type, the oldest name has priority. Therefore, A. leucocymosum takes precedence since it was published in September 1935 (Kuhlmann 1935), while A. leucostachys was published in December 1935 (Markgraf 1935a) (ICN article 11.4; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Also, Kuhlmann (1935) indicated the gathering Ducke s.n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24492, as “24472” in Woodson (1951)) in the prologue of A. leucocymosum. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535000 and 00535049) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets as they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, it is worth mentioning that the collection date indicated by Kuhlmann (1935) in the prologue of A. leucocymosum is probably incorrect (“ 21- III-1934 ”), as the date “ 21 December 1931 ” appears in the holotype and isotypes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7EFFC282D1E475C06C97DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F7EFFDD82D1E281C7AC9627.text	03A787AC2F7EFFDD82D1E281C7AC9627.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma macrocarpon Martius & Zuccarini 1824	<div><p>Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 136. 1824.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. macrocarpon. ≡ Macaglia macrocarpa (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Inter Tejuco et Serra do Gram Mogol, s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (M [barcode M-0183523 image!]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M-0183523 image!, barcode M-0183524 image!, barcode M-0183525 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma gardneri Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. ≡ Aspidosperma gardneri var. gardneri. ≡ Macaglia gardneri (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Piauí, Aug 1939, G. Gardner 2666 (K [barcode K 000587640 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G 00169263 image!, barcode G 00169264 image!], K [barcode K 000979027 image!, barcode K 000979028 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-2958632 image!], NY [barcode 00023372 image!], P, US [barcode 00111795 image!], W [No. W 0048498 image!, No. 1889-0111547 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma gardneri var. ellipticum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 48. 1860. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Tocantins: Rio Tocantins, Aug–Sep 1844, H. A. Weddell 2470 (P [barcode P04205678 image!]; isolectotype: F [fragment] [barcode V0092459 F image!]). Excluded: P [barcode P06595344 image!].</p> <p>= Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. glabratum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ad Rio Pardo, s.d., L. Riedel 540 (LE image!).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. lanatum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: s.d., L. Riedel 475 (LE image!).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma gardneri var. ovatum ” Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 48. 1860, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma lecointei ” Record ex Milanez in Physis (Buenos Aires) 15(47): 479. 1939, nom. nud.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. normale ” Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>Notes —The diagnosis of A. macrocarpon presented in “ Flora ” by Martius &amp; Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s.n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since there are two sheets in the herbarium M from the single collection made by Martius (1824) for A. macrocarpon that resemble the illustration first mentioned in “ Flora ”, but only published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” (plate 35 (M barcode M-0183523) and plate 36 (M barcode M-0183522)), we elected the sheet with leaves and flowers as the lectotype (M barcode M-0183523) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) published the name A. gardneri with two varieties, “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” (as “α”) and A. gardneri var. ellipticum (as “β”). Since the leaves of A. gardneri and “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” were characterized as ovate and those of A. gardneri var. ellipticum as ovate-elliptic, we assumed that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardneri. Also, throughout the publication, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) used the α only for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” and A. macrocarpon var. normale to indicate the name including the type, thus we assume that “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” included the type of A. gardineri. Therefore, we consider “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” as a not validly published designation (ICN article 26.2; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, from the two gatherings cited for “ A. gardneri var. ovatum ” by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), we elected the best-preserved specimen of Gardner 2666 as the lectotype of A. gardneri (K barcode K000587640) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Additionally, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) mentioned the single gathering Weddel 2470 in the prologue of A. gardneri var. ellipticum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete material from this collection as the lectotype of A. gardneri var. ellipticum (P barcode P04205678) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, after analyzing the specimens of A. gardneri var. ellipticum, we observed that one sheet belongs to Malvaceae (P barcode P06595344), so, we are excluding it from the collection.</p> <p>Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ normale ” (e.g., “ A. macrocarpon var. normale ”).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F7EFFDD82D1E281C7AC9627	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F61FFDD82D1E3D8C0E29A53.text	03A787AC2F61FFDD82D1E3D8C0E29A53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma macrophyllum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma macrophyllum Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 30(4): 397. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma macrophyllum subsp. macrophyllum. ≡ Paralyxia schomburgkii Baill. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(94): 748. 1888, nom. illeg. superfl. ≡ Macaglia macrophylla (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. ≡ Paralyxia macrophylla (Müll.Arg.) Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13(119): 458. 1937.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — GUYANA. [Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo]: Takutu, Apr 1842, Rich. Schomburgk 547 (L [barcode L0043163 image!]; isolectotype: RB [fragment] [barcode 00535053!]). B†, F negative No. 4421 image !.</p> <p>“ Tabernaemontana humboldtii ” M.R.Schomb., Faun. Fl. Brit. -Guian. 2: 40. 1848, nom. nud.</p> <p>“ Thevetia humboldtii ” M.R.Schomb., Faun. Fl. Brit. -Guian. 3: 1144. 1848, nom. nud.</p> <p>Notes —The quite intricate rationale behind the Schomburgk brothers’ collections, Robert and Richard was well discussed by van Dam (2002). In short, from the gatherings related to Robert’s second collection series and Richard’s collection series, some bear two collecting numbers (one for each brother) in the same label, but do not always represent the same collection held in the same place. Analyzing the available specimens of A. macrophyllum, we may conclude that Rich. Schomburgk 547 and Rob. Schomburgk 277 are different collections from different places, Takutu and Pirara, respectively.</p> <p>Regarding the taxon name, some observations may also be made. Baillon (1888) described Paralyxia schomburgkii based on Rich. Schomburgk 547, but Müller-Argoviensis (1860b) presented earlier A. macrophyllum taking into account the same gathering. Aware of this situation, Markgraf (1937) proposed the nomenclatural combination P. macrophylla for recognizing the priority of A. macrophyllum and, also, Paralyxia as a distinct genus. This interpretation was supported by Woodson (1951), but not accepted by Pichon (1947) and Allorge &amp; Poupat (1991), whom accepted A. macrophyllum. In our study, we corroborate the synonymization of Paralyxia in Aspidosperma, since both share morphological diagnostic characters, like the arboreal habit, alternate leaves, coriaceous follicles, and winged seeds.</p> <p>Finally, since Müller-Argoviensis (1860b) cited explicitly the specimen Rich. Schomburgk 547 from the herbarium B in the protologue of A. macrophyllum, it could be considered the holotype. However, a lectotype must be selected because the B specimen is now destroyed. Thus, we chose the most complete specimen from the single gathering of A. macrophyllum as the lectotype (L barcode L 0043163) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F61FFDD82D1E3D8C0E29A53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E7CDC6FF933E.text	03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E7CDC6FF933E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma marcgravianum Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma marcgravianum Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 170. 1951.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pará: Belém, Bosque Municipal, 23 Jun 1943, A. Ducke 1263 (MO [barcode MO-2958570 image!]; isotypes: MG [barcode MG018994!], NY [barcode 00023370 image!], RB [barcode 00535060!], US [barcode 00026812 image!, barcode 01106402 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma markgravianum ” Woodson, orth. var.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E7CDC6FF933E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E625C65B9795.text	03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E625C65B9795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma megalocarpon Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma megalocarpon Müll.Arg. in Linnaea 30(4): 400. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma megalocarpon subsp. megalocarpon. ≡ Macaglia megalocarpa (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — MEXICO. [Veracruz]: Colipa, ubi ab incolis “ Volador ” nuncupatur, 1841–1842, W.F. von Karwinsky 1348 (LE [barcode LE00004506 image!]; isolectotypes: LE [barcode LE00004507 image!, barcode LE00004508 image!]).</p> <p>= Cufodontia arborea Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21(4): 617. 1934. Holotype:— MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cafetal Concordia, alt. 400–650 m, 1–15 Apr 1933, C.V. Morton &amp; E. Makrinius 2692 (US [barcode 00111771 image!]; isotypes: CAS [barcode 0001589 image!], F [barcode V0048153 F image!], K [barcode K000587635 image!], MICH [barcode 1111545 image!]).</p> <p>= Cufodontia lundelliana Woodson in Cufod. in Arch. Bot. Sist. 10(1): 40. 1934. Holotype:— GUATEMALA. Petén: La Libertad, 26 May 1933, C.L. Lundell 3408 (MO [barcode MO-2958644 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0048155 F image!], GH [barcode 00078694 image!], K [barcode K000587636 image!], LL [barcode 00000192 image!], MICH [barcode 1111546 image!], NY [barcode 00298027 image!], S [No. S04-1872 image!], US [barcode 00111772 image!]).</p> <p>= Cufodontia stegomeris Woodson in Cufod. in Arch. Bot. Sist. 10(1): 39. 1934. ≡ Aspidosperma stegomeris (Woodson) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 178. 1951. Lectotype (designated here): — COSTA RICA. [Puntarenas]: In Regione Pacifica, Peninsula Osa ad Golfo Dulce, circa Puerto Jiménez, prope Finca Sta. María, 31 Mar 1930, G. Cufodontis 220 (F [barcode V0048156 F image!]; isolectotypes: G [fragment] [barcode G00169400 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958639 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma lundellianum Woodson in Amer. J. Bot. 22(7): 684. 1935. Holotype:— MEXICO. Campeche: La Tuxpeña, 4 Feb 1932, C.L. Lundell 1284 (MO [barcode MO-2958640 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092441 F image!], GH [barcode 00057213 image!], MICH [barcode 1229511 image!], NY [barcode 4176886], US [barcode 00111804 image!]).</p> <p>= Cufodontia escuintlensis Matuda in Madroño 10(6): 174. 1950. Holotype:— MEXICO. Chiapas: Escuintla, Cacaluta, Acacoyagua, alt. 150 m, 3 Sep 1947, E. Matuda 16978 [Herb. Matuda] (MEXU [barcode MEXU00025418 image!]; isotypes: CAS [barcode 0001590 image!, barcode 0001591 image!], EAP [barcode EAP90592 image!], F [barcode V0048154 F image!], MEXU [barcode MEXU00025419 image!], MICH [barcode 1229505 image!], NY [barcode 00298026 image!], US [barcode 01013868 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma megalocarpum ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860b) indicated the gathering Karwinsky 1348 from the herbarium LE in the prologue of A. megalocarpon. However, since there are three sheets in LE (LE barcodes LE00004506, LE00004507, and LE00004508), and it is not clear if they are part of the same material mounted on three herbarium sheets (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018), we elected the one including follicles as the lectotype of A. megalocarpon (LE barcode LE00004506) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Woodson (1934) indicated the gathering Cufodontis 220 in the prologue of Cufodontia stegomeris but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of C. stegomeris (F barcode V0048156F) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F60FFDC82D1E625C65B9795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F60FFDF82D1E149C031935D.text	03A787AC2F60FFDF82D1E149C031935D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma melanocalyx Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma melanocalyx Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 52. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia melanocalyx (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1816–1821, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P [barcode P00639544 image!]; isotype: F [fragment] [barcode V0092466F image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma leucomelanum Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 105. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, 1864–1865, J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005746 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005747 image!], NY [barcode 00297973 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma limae Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47(1): 74. 1960. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Recife, Dois Irmãos, 4 Oct 1949, D.A. Lima 49-333 (MO [barcode MO-2958629 image!]; isotype: IAN [No. 71099!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>Notes —After analyzing the specimens from the single gathering cited by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) in the protologue of A. melanocalyx, we believe that the sheet from the herbarium P is the holotype, since the specimen from the herbarium F, which consists only of flower remains, appears to have been taken from the holotype, having been marked as “ ex herbario Musei Parisiensis ”. Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s.n. in the prologue of A. leucomelanum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. leucomelanum (C barcode C10005746) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>We consider A. limae as a synonym of A. melanocalyx since both have oblong leaves with longer petioles (&gt; 2 cm long), flowers with corolla lobes shorter than the tube (0.4×), and tomentose follicles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F60FFDF82D1E149C031935D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E601C1E291D5.text	03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E601C1E291D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma multiflorum A. DC., Prodr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma multiflorum A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 397. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia multiflora (A.DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416.1891.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Rio São Francisco, Serra d’Açuruá, 1838–1839, J.S. Blanchet 2806 (G [barcode G00143974 image!]; isotypes: BR [barcode 0000006955779 image!, barcode 0000006955809 image!], C [barcode C10005735 image!], F [barcode V0092467F image!, barcode V0092468F image!], G [barcode G00169361 image!, barcode G00169362 image!, barcode G00169363 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], K [barcode K000587642 image!, barcode K000587643 image!, barcode K000979030 image!], NY [barcode 00297977 image!, barcode 00297978 image!], P [barcode P00639588 image!, barcode P00639589 image!, barcode P00639590 image!, barcode P00639591 image!], RB [barcode 00535061!, [fragment] barcode 00535158!], W [No. W0048496 image!]). B†, F negative 4418 image !.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma monteroi ” Standl. ex Record &amp; Hess, Timb. New World: 61. 1943, nom. nud.</p> <p>Notes —In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”,A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. multiflorum (Blanchet 2806) was indicated as “ v. s. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the five sheets of Blanchet 2806 from G possesses the G-DC label, we consider this specimen to be the holotype of A. multiflorum (G barcode G00143974).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E601C1E291D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E489C581944C.text	03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E489C581944C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma myristicifolium (Markgr.) Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma myristicifolium (Markgr.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 169. 1951.</p> <p>≡ Geissospermum myristicifolium Markgr. in Pilg. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11(108): 787. 1933.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated by Morales &amp; Zamora in Phytoneuron 2017–68: 10. 2017):— ECUADOR. Guayas: Guayaquil, 1799, J.J. Tafalla s.n. [H. Ruiz &amp; J.A. Pavón s.n.] (MA [barcode MA814484 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169359 image!], MA [barcode MA814485 image!, barcode MA814486 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma elatum Little in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 38: 105. 1948. Holotype:— ECUADOR. Los Ríos: Pichilingue, camp at Río Macul, 25 May 1943, E.L. Little 6517 (US [barcode 00111791 image!]; isotypes: K [barcode K000587710 image!], MO [barcode MO-3147452, barcode MO-3147453], NY [barcode 00297964 image!], US [barcode 01094912 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma megaphyllum Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 168. 1951. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Acre: Near mouth of Rio Macauhan, tributary of Rio Yaco, 24 Aug 1933, B.A. Krukoff 5639 (MO [barcode MO-2958631 image!]; isotypes: K [barcode K000587683 image!], G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169360 image!], M [barcode M-0183519 image!], NY [barcode 00297976 image!], S [No. S04-1787 image!], U [barcode U0000481 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>Notes —After analyzing specimens of A. megaphyllum and A. myristicifolium, we verified that both present long leaves (&gt; 15 cm long) with eucamptodromous venation, rigid inflorescence axis, flowers with calyx lobes varying from four to five, entirely tomentose ovary, and sessile follicles, and membranaceous seeds. So, we consider A. megaphyllum as a synonym of A. myristicifolium.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E489C581944C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E131C76F94BD.text	03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E131C76F94BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma neblinae Monach.	<div><p>Aspidosperma neblinae Monach. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(1): 123. 1958.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro de La Neblina, Río Yatua, along escarpment West of Cumbre Camp, elev. 1700–1800 m, 6 Jan 1954, B. Maguire et al. 37084 (NY [barcode 00297979 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E131C76F94BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E1A1C17A952C.text	03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E1A1C17A952C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma nigricans Handro	<div><p>Aspidosperma nigricans Handro in Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3(5): 282. 1962.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Paraíba: Areia, Mata da Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, 15 May 1944, J.M. Vasconcellos 243 (SP [barcode SP000320 image!]; isotypes: MO [barcode MO-016112 image!], RB [barcode 00535065!], SPF [barcode SPF00072953!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F63FFDF82D1E1A1C17A952C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F63FFDE82D1E0D1C0D19177.text	03A787AC2F63FFDE82D1E0D1C0D19177.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma nitidum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma nitidum Benth. ex Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 59. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Thyroma nitida (Benth. ex Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 24. 1878.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Prope Barra, Prov. Rio Negro, Jul 1851, R. Spruce 1657 (K [barcode K000587692 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956097 image!], E [barcode E00265001 image!], G [barcode G00169289 image!, barcode G00169290 image!], GH [barcode 00057214 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958571], NY [barcode 00297980 image!], P [barcode P00639586 image!, barcode P00639587 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535066!], TCD [barcode TCD0006574 image!], W [No. 1889-0011848 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4423 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma aquaticum Ducke in Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 4(1): 59. 1938. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Rio Tarumã, margem inundada, 10 Jun 1933, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24570]] [pro parte [fruiting branch and seeds]] (RB (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535001!, barcode 00535014!, barcode 00535148!]; isolectotypes: BM [barcode BM000952696 image!], G [barcode G00169403 image!], K [barcode K000587690 image!], NY [barcode 00297948 image!], P [barcode P00639585 image!], S [No. S04-1703 image!], U [barcode U0000485 image!], US [barcode 00111780 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Spruce 1657 in the prologue of A. nitidum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen from this collection that belonged to the herbarium where Bentham worked as the lectotype of A. nitidum (K barcode K000587692) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. aquaticum, Ducke (1938) indicated the collection Ducke s.n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 24570) in the prologue. However, since the same collection information was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“ 10-6-1933 ”) and flowers (“ 24-7-1936 ”), we chose the gathering with follicles as the lectotype collection of A. aquaticum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the three preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535001, 00535014, and 00535148) as a single specimen mounted on three sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F63FFDE82D1E0D1C0D19177	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFDE82D1E469C0FA97A8.text	03A787AC2F62FFDE82D1E469C0FA97A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma nobile Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma nobile Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 44. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia nobilis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 187. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Goiás: 1816–1821, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire C1-760 (P [barcode P00639581 image!]; isolectotypes: F [barcode V0092469F image!], NY [barcode 00023369 image!], P [barcode P00639582 image!, barcode P00639583 image!], US [barcode 00111809 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma pohlianum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 44. 1860. ≡ Macaglia pohliana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Goiás: Ad viam a Brejão ad Rio Bonaventura et ad Lavrinhas, s.d., J.B.E. Pohl 1229 (W [No. W0048493 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000005783120 image!, barcode 0000005783212 image!], F [fragment] [barcode V0092470F image!], M [barcode M-0183493 image!], NY [fragment] [barcode 00023398 image!], W [No. W0048494 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma oblongifolia ” Pohl, mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —Among the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. nobile by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) selected the collection “St.-Hilaire 760” (St.-Hilaire C1-760) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the best-preserved specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. nobile (P barcode P00639581) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Pohl 1229 in the prologue of A. pohlianum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a material with flower remains from this collection as the lectotype of A. pohlianum (W No. W 0048493) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F62FFDE82D1E469C0FA97A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F62FFD982D1E2A4C6FE92A4.text	03A787AC2F62FFD982D1E2A4C6FE92A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma oblongum A. DC.	<div><p>Aspidosperma oblongum A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 399. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia oblonga (A.DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Holotype:— FRANCE. [French Guiana]: Cayenne, s.d., J. Martin s.n. (G [barcode G00143976 image!]; isotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V0092471F image!], G [barcode G00143998 image!], P [barcode P00639578 image!, barcode P00639579 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535068!]). B†, F negative No. 4424 image !.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma kuhlmannii Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 555. 1935. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Rio Ouro Preto, afl. do Paca Nova, 20 Sep 1923, J.G. Kuhlmann 491 [J.G. Kuhlmann [22453]] (RB [barcode 00535047!]).</p> <p>Notes —In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”,A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. oblongum (Martin s.n.) was indicated as “ v. s. comm. a Mus. par. anno 1821 ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the two sheets of Martin s.n. from G possesses the G-DC label and the annotation “mus. de Paris 1821”, we consider this specimen as the holotype of A. oblongum (G barcode G00143976). Furthermore, Markgraf (1935a) indicated the gathering “Kuhlmann n. 22453” from the herbarium RB (Kuhlmann 491, RB No. 22453) in the prologue of A. kuhlmannii. Since this number corresponds to a voucher of a single sheet in RB (RB barcode 00535047), we understand that this specimen corresponds to the holotype of A. kuhlmannii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F62FFD982D1E2A4C6FE92A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E7B5C03390AD.text	03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E7B5C03390AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma obscurinervium Azambuja	<div><p>Aspidosperma obscurinervium Azambuja in Rodriguésia 10(20):[51]. 1946.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Além Flores, 16 May 1942, A. Ducke 931 [pro parte [flowering branch]] (RB (mounted on four herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535070!, barcode 00535154!, barcode 00535155!, barcode 00535156!]; isolectotypes: BM [barcode BM000952694 image!], F [barcode V0092472F image!], IAN [No. 10489!], MO [barcode MO-2958590], NY [barcode 00297981 image!, barcode 00297982 image!], R [barcode R000055239!], S [No. S18-29249 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma obscurinervum ” Azambuja, mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes — Azambuja (1946) indicated the gathering Ducke 931 from the herbarium RB (RB No. 50969) in the prologue of A. obscurinervium. However, since the same collecting number was used for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with flowers (“ 16-5-1942 ”) and follicles (“XI-42”), we chose the gathering with flowers as the lectotype collection of A. obscurinervium (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the four preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535070, 00535154, 00535155, and 00535156) as a single specimen mounted on four sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E7B5C03390AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E451C54C96D1.text	03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E451C54C96D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma occidentale Malme	<div><p>Aspidosperma occidentale Malme in Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 10. 1927,</p> <p>non Aspidosperma occidentale Markgr. (= Aspidosperma tambopatense A.H.Gentry) in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15(1): 133. 1940, nom. illeg. hom.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 19 Dec 1902, G.O.A. Malme 2732 (S [No. S04-1790 image!]; isolectotypes: R [barcode R000020532!], S [No. S12-16366 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Malme (1927) indicated the gathering Malme 2732 in the prologue of A. occidentale but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we elected the material with the most informative label from this collection as the lectotype of A. occidentale (S No. S04-1790) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. occidentale as a synonym of A. australe Müll.Arg. However, A. occidentale has obovate leaves (vs. elliptic to narrow-obovate), flowers with deltoid calyx lobes (vs. oblong), corolla lobes with acute apex (vs. rounded), and sessile follicles (vs. stipitate). Based on this, we consider A. australe and A. occidentale as distinct species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E451C54C96D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E385C5A59725.text	03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E385C5A59725.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma oliganthum Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma oliganthum Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 147. 1951.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma riedelii subsp. oliganthum (Woodson) Marc. - Ferr. in Revista Brasil. Bot. 14(2): 132. 1991.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Tambury, Oct 1906, E.H.G. Ule 7290 (K [barcode K000587649 image!]; isotypes: HBG [barcode HBG524515 image!], L [barcode L0004435 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F65FFD982D1E385C5A59725	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F65FFD882D1E2D9C063935D.text	03A787AC2F65FFD882D1E2D9C063935D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma olivaceum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma olivaceum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 57. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma olivaceum var. olivaceum. ≡ Macaglia olivacea (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. 1818–1820, F. Sellow B1647-c777 (BR [barcode 0000005783380 image!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K000587671 image!], NY [barcode 00297983 image!], P [barcode P00639580 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma olivaceum var. obtusifolium Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 58. 1860. Holotype:— BRAZIL. [São Paulo]: 1833, C. Gaudichaud 372 (P [barcode P04205135 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma eburneum ” Allemão in Saldanha in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5 19: 213. 1874, pro syn.</p> <p>Notes —Based on the works about Friedrich Sellow (Urban 1906; Herter 1945; de Moraes 2008), we were able to verify that the collection of A. olivaceum was made on his third journey to Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais states (Brazil).</p> <p>Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the single gathering “Sellow” (Sellow B1647-c777) in the prologue of A. olivaceum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the specimen from this collection with a readable Sellow’s collecting number on the label as the lectotype of A. olivaceum (BR barcode 0000005783380) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, after analyzing the assumed protologue of “ A. eburneum ”, we verified that this designation was actually “synonymized” under A. olivaceum by Saldanha da Gama (1874), not published by him. Saldanha da Gama (1875) himself claimed that A. olivaceum and “ A. eburneum ” resembled each other in all characteristics. Another piece of evidence is that one of the lectotypes of A. olivaceum presents a determinavit by Saldanha da Gama as “ A. eburneum ” (BR barcode 0000005783380).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. olivaceum as a synonym of A. pyricollum Müll.Arg. However, we accept A. olivaceum, which differs from A. pyricollum by the elliptic or narrowly obovate leaves (vs. obovate) and small petioles (0.6–1.7 vs. 1.7–3.2 cm long). Also, both occur in the Atlantic Forest, but A. olivaceum in Seasonal Semideciduous and Dense Ombrophilous Forests and A. pyricollum in Coastal Forest (i.e., Restinga).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F65FFD882D1E2D9C063935D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619.text	03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma pachypterum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma pachypterum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 51. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia pachyptera (Müll. Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Ad fl. Casiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni, 1853–1854, R. Spruce 3345 (K [barcode K000587715 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006959807 image!], C [barcode C10005736 image!], F [fragment] [barcode V0092306F image!], G [barcode G00169356 image!, barcode G00169357 image!, barcode G00169358 image!], GH [barcode 00057215 image!], K [barcode K000587714 image!], P [barcode P00639576 image!, barcode P00639577 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535072!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma exalatum Monach. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(1): 120. 1958. Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Alto Río Orinoco, along Yapacana Caño between Laguna and Río Orinoco, elev. 150 m, 20 Mar 1953, B. Maguire &amp; J.J. Wurdack 34611 (NY [barcode 00297967 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092457 F image!], S (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [No. S04-1743 image!], US [barcode 00111794 image!], VEN [barcode VEN42067 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma rhombeosignatum Markgr. in Acta Bot. Venez. 6(1–4): 72. 1971. Lectotype (designated here): — VENEZUELA. Amazonas: A lo largo del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.9166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.416664/lat 2.9166667)">Río Temi</a>, alrededores de Yavita, 2°55’N, 67°25’W, 125 m, 22 Apr 1970, J.A. Steyermark &amp; G.S. Bunting 102967 (K [barcode K000587719 image!]; isotypes: B [barcode B100242277 image!], VEN [barcode VEN85083 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma pachyterum ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Spruce 3345 in the prologue of A. pachypterum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected one of the most complete specimens from this collection as the lectotype of A. pachypterum (K barcode K000587715) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, since the holotype of A. rhombeosignatum indicated by Markgraf (1971) from the herbarium Z is missing (R. Nyffeler, personal information), we selected the best-preserved specimen from the original material as the lectotype (K barcode K000587719) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E601C7599619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E3DDC0989A71.text	03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E3DDC0989A71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma parvifolium A. DC., Prodr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma parvifolium A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 398. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Thyroma parvifolia (A.DC.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 25. 1878.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ubatuba, Feb 1839, J.B.A. Guillemin 604 (G [barcode G00143911 image!]; isotypes: G [barcode G00169355 image!], MO [barcode MO-016030 image!], P [barcode P00639573 image!]). Excluded: P [barcode P00639574 image!].</p> <p>= Aspidosperma ingratum K.Schum. in Urb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(67): 30. 1901. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 150. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Alto Macaé, 24 Nov 1888, A. Glaziou 17697 (P [barcode P04205157 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169354 image!], K [barcode K000587663 image!], P [barcode P04205159 image!, barcode P04205160 image!], R [barcode R000012071!]). B†, F negative No. 4415 image!.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma microphyllum ” Schott, mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”,A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. parvifolium (Guillemin 604) was indicated as “ v. s. ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since only one of the two sheets of Guillemin 604 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen the holotype of A. parvifolium (G barcode G00143911). Also, after analyzing the isotypes of A. parvifolium, we realized that one specimen belongs to A. pyricollum Müll.Arg., as it presents broad obovate leaves (vs. elliptical to narrow-obovate) and glabrous follicles (vs. follicles with ferruginous indument) with conspicuous lenticels (vs. inconspicuous lenticels) (P barcode P00639574). Therefore, we are excluding it from the collection of A. parvifolium.</p> <p>Regarding A. ingratum, from the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue by Schumann (1901), Woodson (1951) indicated the collection Glaziou 17697 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by selecting a material with flowers and follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. ingratum (P barcode P04205157) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F64FFD882D1E3DDC0989A71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E7CDC767935A.text	03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E7CDC767935A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma pichonianum Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma pichonianum Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 176. 1951.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Quebrada O-paru-má between Santa Teresita de Kavanayén and Río Pacairo, tributary of Río Mouak, alt. 1065–1220 m, 20–21 Nov 1944, J.A. Steyermark 60378 (MO [barcode MO-2958574 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092473F image!], VEN [barcode VEN35944 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E7CDC767935A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E61AC7389A62.text	03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E61AC7389A62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma polyneuron Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 57. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma polyneuron var. polyneuron. ≡ Thyroma polyneura (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 24. 1878.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 158. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Morro Azul, s.d., L. Riedel 2332 (LE image!; isolectotypes: F [barcode V0092475F image!], G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169347 image!], GH [barcode 00057216 image!], M [barcode M-0183491 image!], NY [barcode 00970697 image!, barcode 00970698 image!, barcode 00970699 image!], P [barcode P00639558 image!, barcode P00639559 image!, barcode P00639560 image!], S [No. S04-1792 image!], U [barcode U0000486 image!], W [No. W0057126 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma peroba Allemão ex Saldanha, Config. &amp; Descr. Madeiras Rio Jan.: 9, 104. 1865. Neotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Jun 1853, H. P. C. de Beaurepaire-Rohan s.n. (R [barcode R000023957!]; isoneotype: R [barcode R000023957 a!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma venosum Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 103. 1869. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, s.d., J.E.B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005743 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005742 image!, barcode C10005744 image!], NY [barcode 00297997 image!, barcode 00297998 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma polyneuron var. longifolium Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913. Lectotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, Punta Porá, Apr 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10408a]] (G [barcode G00108709 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057217 image!], K [barcode K000587677 image!], NY [barcode 00297984 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma dugandii Standl., Trop. Woods 36: 15. 1933. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 159. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— COLOMBIA. [Atlántico]: Barranquilla, near Arroyo de Caña, 18 Feb 1932, A. Dugand 355 (F [barcode V0092453 F image!]; isolectotypes: F [barcode V0092453 F image!], G [fragment] [barcode G00169348 image!], US [barcode 00111790 image!], WIS (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00000920MAD image!, barcode 00000921MAD image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma polyneuron var. puberulum Toledo in Handro in Arq. Bot. Estado São Paulo 3: 225. 1962. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Dec 1912, L. Zehntner s.n. (SP [barcode SP000325 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma polyneuron var. genuinum ” Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma polyneurum ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —From the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. polyneuron by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) indicated the collection Riedel 2332 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by selecting a material with mature leaves and flowers as the second-step lectotype of A. polyneuron (LE) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). We adopted the same approach for A. dugandii, as the gathering Dugand 355 chosen by Woodson (1951) from the four collections presented by Standley (1933) also has more than one specimen. Therefore, we selected the most complete specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. dugandii (F barcode V0092453F) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Moreover, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) indicated the gathering Warming s.n. in the prologue of A. venosum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected a specimen with flower remains from this collection as the lectotype of A. venosum (C barcode C10005743) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). For that same reason, we elected a specimen from the single gathering cited by Hassler (1913) that belonged to his personal herbarium as the lectotype of A. polyneuron var. longifolium (G barcode G00108709) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, since Saldanha da Gama (1865) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. peroba, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected.”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. peroba (R barcode R000023957) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e.g., “ A. polyneuron var. genuinum ”).</p> <p>We consider A. polyneuron var. puberulum as a synonym of A. polyneuron since its features may also be found in the latter, such as the lanceolate leaves with brochidodromous venation and numerous secondary veins (ca. 26–38), flowers with entirely tomentose ovary, and botuliform follicles.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F67FFDB82D1E61AC7389A62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFDA82D1E7CDC6E09689.text	03A787AC2F66FFDA82D1E7CDC6E09689.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma pyricollum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma pyricollum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 58. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma pyricollum var. pyricollum. ≡ Macaglia pyricolla (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 152. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1843, H.A. Weddell 445 (P [barcode P00639569 image!]; isolectotypes: G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169350 image!], P [barcode P00639568 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma pyricollum var. obovatum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 58. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, circa Rio de Janeiro, 1832, L. Riedel 587 (M [barcode M-0183490 image!]; isolectotypes: W [No. W0057127 image!, No. W0057128 image!]).</p> <p>= Geissospermum solandri Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 85. 1878. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1768, J. Banks &amp; G. Solander s.n. (BM [barcode BM000548498 image!]). Excluded: BM [barcode 000548499(BM) image!, barcode 000548500(BM) image!], syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Vallesia fluminensis ” Miers, mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Wheeleria alternifolia ” Sol., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —Among the five gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. pyricollum by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) cited Weddell 445 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the best-preserved specimen as the second-step lectotype of A. pyricollum (P barcode P00639569) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Woodson (1951) cited the gathering “Sellow s.n.” as the type of A. pyricollum var. obovatum, but Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) only indicated the collections Riedel 35 and Riedel 587 in its protologue. Therefore, we selected a specimen with flower remains from Riedel 587 as the lectotype of A. pyricollum var. obovatum (M barcode M-0183490) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Finally, Barbosa et al. (2019) excluded Geissospermum solandri from the genus and transferred it to Aspidosperma. However, after analyzing the types of G. solandri, we observed that only one corresponded to Aspidosperma (i.e., A. pyricollum) (BM barcode 000548498), since it presents broad obovate leaves with eucamptodromous venation, flowers externally pubescent with lobes shorter than the tube (ca. 4×), and entirely tomentose ovary. Since the remaining specimens belong to Peschiera solandri Miers (BM barcodes 000548499 and 000548500), we are excluding them from the collection of G. solandri.</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. sellowii Müll.Arg. as a synonym of A. pyricollum, but we could not make any decision about this synonymization due to insufficient information. Therefore, we treated A. sellowii as “ incertae sedis ” (as well as “ A. sellowii var. genuinum ”).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F66FFDA82D1E7CDC6E09689	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F66FFD582D1E24DC068918B.text	03A787AC2F66FFD582D1E24DC068918B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma pyrifolium Martius & Zuccarini 1824	<div><p>Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 136. 1824.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma pyrifolium var. pyrifolium. ≡ Macaglia pyrifolia (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Piauí: Prope Oeiras et Alibi, s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (M [M barcode M-0184040]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M-0184037 image!, barcode M-0184038 image!, barcode M-0184039 image!, barcode M-0184044 image!], W). Excluded: M [barcode M-0184041 image!].</p> <p>= Aspidosperma martii Silva Manso in Mart. in Flora 21(2, Beibl. 4): 83. 1838. ≡ Macaglia martii (Silva Manso) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, in Morro do Ernesto, Aug 1833, A. L. P. Silva Manso 136 [Herb. Mart. Fl. Bras. No. 485] (BR [barcode 0000006960001 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006960339 image!], G [barcode G00169343 image!, barcode G00169344 image!], K [barcode K000587648 image!], L [barcode L0004434 image!], M [barcode M-0183482 image!], NY [barcode 00297987 image!], P [barcode P00639554 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma molle Mart. in Flora 21(2, Beibl. 4): 82. 1838. ≡ Aspidosperma pyrifolium var. molle (Mart.) Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 54. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Bahia: s.d., C. F. P. von Martius s.n. (M [barcode M-0184043 image!]; isolectotype: M [barcode M-0184042 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma populifolium A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 397. 1844. ≡ Macaglia populifolia (A.DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Piauí: Sep 1839, G. Gardner 2664 [Herb. Boissier] (G [barcode G00169345 image!]; isotypes: F [[fragment] barcode F0092476F image!, [fragment] barcode F0092477F image!], G [barcode G00169346 image!], K [barcode K000587644 image!, barcode K000587645 image!], NY [barcode 00023374 image!, barcode 00023395 image!, barcode 00297986 image!], P [barcode P00639555 image!, barcode P00639556 image!, barcode P00639557 image!], US [barcode 00111812 image!], W [No. 1889-0111526 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma guaraniticum Malme in Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 24(3/10): 7. 1899. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 146. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— PARAGUAY. [Concepción]: Colonia Risso, pr. Río Apa, 28 Sep 1893, G. O. A. Malme 1006 (S [No. S04-1754 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00108724 image!], LD [barcode 1954322], R, RB [fragment] [barcode 00535042!], S [No. S12-16359 image!], US [barcode 00111798 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4414 image!.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma guarantiacum ” Malme, orth. var.</p> <p>Notes —The diagnosis of A. pyrifolium presented in “ Flora ” by Martius &amp; Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s.n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since this name was published without a holotype, we selected a specimen with the best-preserved inflorescences from the original material as the lectotype of A. pyrifolium (M barcode M-0184040) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, after analyzing the isolectotypes of A. pyrifolium, we observed that one specimen belongs to A. multiflorum A.DC. (M barcode M-0184041), so we are excluding it from the collection of A. pyrifolium.</p> <p>Martius (1838) cited the gathering “Silva Manso” (Silva Manso 136) (“ Herb. Mart. Fl. Bras. No. 485 ”) in the protologue of A. martii but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Since there are several sheets of Silva Manso 136, we selected as the lectotype the specimen with the most informative label (BR barcode 0000006960001) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Martius (1838) did the same for A. molle, and from the gathering Martius s.n., we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype (M barcode M-0184043) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Regarding A. guaraniticum, Malme (1899) mentioned two gatherings in its protologue, of which Woodson (1951) cited Malme 1006 as the type without indicating the herbarium. Thus, we chose as the secondstep lectotype a material with the most informative label (S No. S04-1754).</p> <p>In the protologue of A. populifolium, de Candolle (1844) indicated a specimen of Gardner 2664 from the personal herbarium of Boissier as the type (“ v. in h. Boiss. ”). Since only one sheet of this gathering possesses the “Herbier Boissier” label, we consider it as the holotype of A. populifolium. Finally, according to Gardner’s “Catalogue of Brazilian Plants” (Hind 2012), the collection of A. populifolium was made in 1839. The only herbarium sheet with the correct collection date is the one from the herbarium K (K barcode K000587645).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F66FFD582D1E24DC068918B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F69FFD482D1E34CC4919011.text	03A787AC2F69FFD482D1E34CC4919011.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl.	<div><p>Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schltdl. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 19(21): [137]. 1861.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco subsp. quebraco-blanco. ≡ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco var. quebraco-blanco. ≡ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco f. quebraco-blanco. ≡ Macaglia quebracho-blanco (Schltdl.) A.Lyons, Pl. Nam., ed. 2: 286. 1907.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): —Tab. 5B, illustration: Schltdl., Bot. Zeitung, 1861. Epitype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Esquina, 47 km W de Sauce, Ruta 126, 23 Out 1977, O. Ahumada et al. 1475 (MBM [No. 55705!]; isoepitypes: CTES, MO [barcode MO-2958772], RBR [barcode RBR00002131 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco var. pendulum Speg. in Speg. &amp; Girola, Cat. Descr. Maderas: 391. 1910. Neotype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Santiago del Estero: Río Hondo, La Puerta, Ruta Nac. 9, 42 km W de Santiago del Estero, 21 Aug 1971, A. Krapovickas 19603 (F [barcode V0421371 F image!]; isoneotypes: IAC [No. 22547!], LL [barcode 00522884 image!], SI [barcode 094161 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quebrachoideum Rojas Acosta, Essai d’une Therapeutique Vegetale de Corrientes: 21. 1913. Neotype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: Empedrado, Puente Dercabezado, 23 Jul 1954, T.M. Pedersen 2748 (US [barcode 03230109 image!]; isoneotypes: C [No. L6 /84/No93 image!], CTES, U [QR code U.1078817 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma crotalorum Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 3(15): 334. 1917. ≡ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco f. spegazzinianum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13(119): 467. 1937. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— ARGENTINA. Formosa: Monte Yponá, Jan 1887, C.L. Spegazzini s.n. [C.L. Spegazzini [1601]] (LP (mounted on four herbarium sheets) [barcode 002808 image!, barcode 002809 image!, barcode 002810 image!, barcode 002811 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco f. malmeanum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13(119): 467. 1937. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— PARAGUAY. [Concepción]: Colonia Risso, pr. Río Apa, 8 Oct 1893, G.O.A. Malme s.n. (S [No. S12-16372 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma quebracho ” Schltdl. in Griseb., Plantae Lorentzianae: 155. 1874, orth. var.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco f. schlechtendalianum ” Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13(119): 467. 1937, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco f. tendalianum ” Markgr., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Macaglia quebracho ” (Schltdl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891, a combination not validly published.</p> <p>Notes —Schlechtendal (1861) indicated a gathering from Argentina by Burmeister for A. quebracho-blanco. However, since the plate presented in its protologue is the only extant element of the original material, we elected it as the lectotype of A. quebracho-blanco. In addition, in order to facilitate the species identification, once the lectotype only presents follicles and seeds, we selected a specimen with leaves, flowers, and follicles as the epitype of A. quebrachoblanco (MBM No. 55705) (ICN article 9.9; Turland et al. 2018). Thus, the lectotype presented here supersedes the neotype designated by Morales (2010).</p> <p>Also, since Spegazzini &amp; Girola (1910) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. quebrachoblanco var. pendulum, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected.”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. quebracho-blanco var. pendulum (F barcode V0421371F) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Rojas-Acosta (1913) also did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. quebrachoideum, so, we followed the same criterion to select the neotype of A. quebrachoideum (US barcode 03230109) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Lastly, according to the ICN article 26.2 (Turland et al. 2018), infraspecific designations (e.g., “ A. quebrachoblanco f. schlechtendalianum ”) that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned (e.g., A. quebracho-blanco) were not validly published whenever the intraspecific epithets were not the same as the specific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F69FFD482D1E34CC4919011	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD482D1E5C5C05595E5.text	03A787AC2F68FFD482D1E5C5C05595E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma quirandy , Hassler 1913	<div><p>Aspidosperma quirandy Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 259. 1913.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma quirandy var. quirandy.</p> <p>Neotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. Concepción: Estancia San Luis, 18 Apr 1980, L. Bernardi 20657 (MBM [No. 99565 image!]; isoneotypes: MO [barcode MO-1057862], US [barcode 03229982 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quirandy var. angustifolium Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913. Holotype:— PARAGUAY. Zwischen Río Apa und Río Aquidaban, 1908–1909, K. Fiebrig 4292 [Herb. Hassler] (G [barcode G00108788 image!]; isotypes: BM [barcode BM000817584], G [barcode G00108787 image!], GH [barcode 00057218 image!], K [barcode K000587666 image!], L [barcode L0004433 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quirandy var. campestre Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 151. 1951; second-step lectotype designated by Elsam et al. in Bonplandia 30(1): 28. 2021):— PARAGUAY. [Concepción]: Pr. Concepción, Aug 1901 /1902, E. Hassler 7199a (G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108791 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00108789 image!] (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00108790 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00108792 image!], K [barcode K000587664 image!, barcode K000587665 image!], MPU [barcode MPU022745 image!], NY [barcode 00297988 image!], P [barcode P00634401 image!, barcode P00634402 image!], S [No. S12-16253 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quirandy var. silvaticum Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 260. 1913. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 151. 1951; second-step lectotype designated by Elsam et al. in Bonplandia 30(1): 28. 2021):— PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, prope Esperanza, Sep 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10601]] (G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108799 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057219 image!], C [barcode C10005750 image!], G [barcode G00108800 image!, barcode G00108801 image!], K [barcode K000587667 image!], LIL [barcode LIL001110 image!], MO [barcode MO-2246609 image!], NO [barcode NO0109663 image!], NY [barcode 00297990 image!], S [No. S12-16252 image!], US [barcode 00111814 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma malmei ” Hassl., mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma silvatium ” (Hassl.) Meyer, mss. in sched.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma paraguariense ” Meyer, mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes — Elsam et al. (2021) proposed a lectotype for A. quirandy (G barcode G00108793). However, in the protologue of A. quirandy, Hassler (1913) only indicated specimens for its varieties (ICN article 26.3, Ex. 6; Turland et al. 2018). According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected.”. Thus, since we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. quirandy (MBM No. 99565) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018). Also, the specimen cited by Woodson (1951) as the type of A. quirandy (“Hassler 2329”) is actually a paratype of A. occidentale Malme.</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. quirandy as a synonym of A. australe Müll.Arg., but Elsam et al. (2021) reestablished the former. We agree with the reestablishment of A. quirandy because it presents subsessile or sessile leaves (vs. petiolate) with eucamptodromous venation (vs. brochidodromous), flowers with corolla lobes equal to or longer than the tube (2×) (vs. 2.5–4× smaller), and inflated follicles (vs. flattened).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F68FFD482D1E5C5C05595E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F68FFD782D1E099C04193CD.text	03A787AC2F68FFD782D1E099C04193CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma ramiflorum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma ramiflorum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 55. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Geissospermum ramiflorum (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 85. 1878.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 142. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. s.d., Sellow 1651 [Sellow s.n.] (MO [fragment] [barcode MO-016026 image!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K000587641 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535077!]). B†, F negative No. 4426 image !.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma racemiflorum ” Müll.Arg., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —From the three gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. ramiflorum by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) cited Sellow 1651 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the material with a flower as the second-step lectotype of A. ramiflorum (MO barcode MO-016026) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F68FFD782D1E099C04193CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E6B1C6F291A9.text	03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E6B1C6F291A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma refractum Martius & Zuccarini 1824	<div><p>Aspidosperma refractum Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 136. 1824.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia refracta (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Inter oppidum Caiteté et praedium Maracás, s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (M [barcode M-0183484 image!]; isolectotypes: M [barcode M-0183483 image!, barcode M-0183485 image!, barcode M-0183486 image!, barcode M-0183487 image!, barcode M-0183488 image!]).</p> <p>Notes —The diagnosis of A. refractum presented in “ Flora ” by Martius &amp; Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s.n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since this name was published without a holotype, we selected a specimen possessing a label including information about the collection place as the lectotype of A. refractum (M barcode M-0183484) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. refractum as a synonym of A. pyrifolium Mart. &amp; Zucc., but Duarte (1970) reestablished the former. We agree with Duarte’s concept because A. refractum presents flowers with triangular calyx lobes (vs. filiform), entirely tomentose ovary (vs. glabrous), and sparsely lenticellate follicles (vs. densely lenticellate) with conspicuous midrib (vs. inconspicuous).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E6B1C6F291A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E4ADC7F89619.text	03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E4ADC7F89619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma resonans H. J. Will. & Goyder	<div><p>Aspidosperma resonans H.J.Will. &amp; Goyder in Kew Bull. 60(2): 313. 2005.</p> <p>Holotype:— BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Oropeza, descent to Río Cachimayo Valley above Chacoma, 2500 m, 13 Nov 1994, J.R.I. Wood 8771 (K [barcode K000587721 image!]; isotype: LPB [barcode LPB0000450 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6BFFD782D1E4ADC7F89619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6BFFD682D1E3DDC65B9330.text	03A787AC2F6BFFD682D1E3DDC65B9330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma riedelii Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma riedelii Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 56. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma riedelii subsp. riedelii. ≡ Thyroma riedelii (Müll.Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Am.: 26. 1878.</p> <p>Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 152. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ad Cataracta prope Ytu et prope Ypanema, Dec 1825, L. Riedel 2771 (W [No. W0038999 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169342 image!], NY [barcode 00023375 image!], P [barcode P00639552 image!], RB [barcode 00535078!], SPF [fragment] [barcode SPF100000!]). B†, F negative No. 4427 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma reductum (Hassl.) Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 156. 1951. ≡ Aspidosperma riedelii subsp. reductum Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 262. 1913. Holotype:— PARAGUAY. [Cordillera]: Cordillera de Altos, 28 Oct 1902, K. Fiebrig 337 [Herb. Hassler] (G [barcode G00108776 image!]; isotypes: E [barcode E00259706 image!], F [barcode V0092480 F image!], G [barcode G00108777 image!], HBG [barcode HBG524514 image!], K [barcode K000587672 image!], L [barcode L0004436 image!], P [barcode P00639553 image!], SI), syn. nov.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma riedelii var. genuinum ” Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 262. 1913, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma riedelii var. genuinum f. microphyllum ” Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 262. 1913, a designation not validly published.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma riedelii subsp. guaraniticum ” Hassl., mss. in sched.</p> <p>Notes —Among the two gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. riedelii by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), Woodson (1951) selected Riedel 2771 as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing the material with follicles as the second-step lectotype of A. riedelii (W No. W0038999) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Lastly, according to the ICN article 24.3 (Turland et al. 2018), designations of infraspecific taxa that were intended to include the type of the species to which they were assigned were not validly published whenever they had infraspecific epithets like “ genuinum ” (e.g., “ A. riedelii var. genuinum ” and “ A. riedelii var. genuinum f. microphyllum ”).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. riedelii as a synonym of A. pyricollum Müll.Arg., but Handro (1962) reestablished the former. We agree with the reestablishment of A. pyricollum because A. riedelii presents spatulate leaves (vs. elliptic or obovate) with brochidodromous venation (vs. eucamptodromous), flowers with longer calyx lobes (2–3 vs. 0.9–1.1 mm long), and smaller follicles (1.8–2.2 × 1.1–1.3 vs. 3.6–4 × 2.6–3 cm). Furthermore, after analyzing specimens of A. reductum and A. riedelii, we observed that both have leaves with brochidodromous venation, sessile fasciculate inflorescences, flowers with unequal calyx lobes, and corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2×). So, we consider A. reductum as a synonym of A. riedelii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6BFFD682D1E3DDC65B9330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E63CC0D19439.text	03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E63CC0D19439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma rigidum Rusby	<div><p>Aspidosperma rigidum Rusby in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 323. 1927.</p> <p>Holotype:— BOLIVIA. La Paz: In the Bopi River Valley, 3000 feet, 12 Sep 1921, H. H. Rusby 593 (NY [barcode 00297991 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma rauwolfioides Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(113): 300. 1935. Lectotype (designated here): — BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Jorochito, 500 m, 6 Oct 1928, J. Steinbach 8129 (NY [barcode 00023394 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057221 image!], F [barcode V0092479 F image!], G [barcode G00169401 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00169402 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], GH [barcode 00057220 image!], K [barcode K000587709 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958579], S (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [No. S04-1793 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma laxiflorum Kuhlm., Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 88. 1940. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Pará: Rio Tapajós, Lugar Francês, Seringal Montanhinha, 5 Oct 1922, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [22438]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535048!, barcode 00567816!]; isotype: MO [barcode MO-2958577]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma subumbellatum Kuhlm., Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot. 3: 88. 1940. Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, 12 Oct 1931, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24577]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535085!, barcode 00536932!]; isotype: MO [barcode MO-2958575 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma acreanum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15(1): 133. 1940. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Acre: Seringal Monté Mó, Dec 1911, E.H.G. Ule 9701 (K [barcode K000587679 image!]; isolectotype: G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00169341 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma jaunechense A.H.Gentry in Phytologia 47(2): 98. 1980. Holotype:— ECUADOR. Los Ríos: Canton Vinces, Jauneche Forest, km 70, Quevedo-Palenque via Mocachi, alt. 100 m, 26 Mar 1980, C.H. Dodson &amp; A.H. Gentry 9920 (MO [barcode MO-2958578 image!]; isotypes: QCNE [barcode QCNE13 image!], SEL [barcode SEL001170 image!]).</p> <p>Notes —Between the two collections presented in the protologue of A. rauwolfioides, Markgraf (1935b) indicated the gathering Steinbach 8129 as “Original der Art.” but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Therefore, since we found several sheets from this collection, we selected a specimen with flowers and follicles as the lectotype of A. rauwolfioides (NY barcode 00023394). Also, between the two collections mentioned in the protologue of A. acreanum, Markgraf (1940) cited the gathering Ule 9701 as “Original der Art.” without indicating the herbarium. Thus, we elected the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. acreanum (K barcode K000587679).</p> <p>Kuhlmann (1940) indicated the gatherings from the herbarium RB Ducke s.n. (RB No. 22438) and Ducke s.n. (RB No. 24577) for A. laxiflorum and A. subumbellatum, respectively. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two sheets of A. laxiflorum in RB with this information (RB barcodes 00535048 and 00567816) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since both were marked as “ holotype ”, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). In the same way, we understand that the two specimens of A. subumbellatum in RB (RB barcodes 00535085 and 00536932) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since they possess a single original label in common, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E63CC0D19439	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E135C67394B0.text	03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E135C67394B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma rizzoanum Scudeler & A. C. D. Castello	<div><p>Aspidosperma rizzoanum Scudeler &amp; A.C.D.Castello in Phytotaxa 331(1): 118. 2018.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.6125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.158055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.6125/lat -14.158055)">Fazenda São Bento</a>, 14°09’29”S, 47°36’45”W, 1200 m, 28 Oct 2005, J.R.R. Pinto &amp; E. Lenza 345 (UB [barcode UB0117402!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E135C67394B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E1A3C59B9A5D.text	03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E1A3C59B9A5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma salgadense Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma salgadense Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 554. 1935.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Pará: Rio Trombetas, Lago Salgado, 26 Aug 1910, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [22456]] (RB [barcode 00535080!]; isolectotypes: K [barcode K000587689 image!], U [barcode U0000479 image!], US [barcode 00111815 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Markgraf (1935a) indicated the gathering “Ducke n. 22456” (Ducke s.n., herbarium RB No. 22456) in the prologue of A. salgadense but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose as the lectotype of A. salgadense a specimen from this collection of a Brazilian herbarium (RB barcode 00535080) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6AFFD682D1E1A3C59B9A5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E7CDC11893E9.text	03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E7CDC11893E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma sandwithianum Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma sandwithianum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(115): 561. 1935.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — GUYANA. [Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo]: Simuni Creek, Rupununi River, 3 Aug 1931, Forest Department 2108 (K [barcode K000587699 image!]; isolectotype: K [barcode K000587700 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Markgraf (1935a) indicated the gathering Forest Department 2108 in the prologue of A. sandwithianum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a specimen with inflorescences from this collection as the lectotype of A. sandwithianum (K barcode K000587699) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E7CDC11893E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E6EDC1459724.text	03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E6EDC1459724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma schultesii Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma schultesii Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 168. 1951.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Path between headwaters of Ira-igarapé and headwaters of Igarapé Abiú, affluent of Rio Taraíra, 4–6 Jul 1948, R.E. Schultes &amp; F. López 10178 (MO [barcode MO-2958642 image!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092481F image!, barcode V0092482F image!], GH [barcode 00057223 image!], IAN [No. 60424!], K [barcode K000587682 image!], MICH [barcode 1229510 image!], P [barcode P00639550 image!, barcode P00639551 image!], US [barcode 00111816 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma glaucum Monach. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(1): 121. 1958. Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Cerro Sipapo (Paráque), cumbre, camp to Caño Profundo and East Terrace via Caño Negro, elev. 1600 m, 8 Jan 1949, B. Maguire &amp; L. Politi 28255 (NY (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00297969 image!, barcode 00297975 image!]; isotypes: IAN [No. 96009!], K [barcode K000587717 image!, barcode K000587718 image!], S [No. S04-1748 image!], US [barcode 00111796 image!], VEN [barcode VEN42134 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma macrophyllum subsp. morii L.Allorge in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. bot. 138(4–5): 274. 1992. Holotype:— FRANCE. [French Guiana]: Saül, La Fumée Mountain trail, near junction of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.2/lat 3.6166668)">Antenne Nord</a>, 3°37’N, 53°12’W, 400 m alt., 26 Aug 1988, S. Mori et al. 19167 [Herb. CAY] (P [barcode P00077205 image!]; isotypes: K [barcode K000587703 image!], MG [barcode MG143431!], MO [barcode MO-2958641], NY [barcode 00007492 image!], P [barcode P00639549 image!], U [barcode U0000478 image!], US [barcode 00386110 image!], VEN [barcode VEN269912 image!], WAG [barcode WAG0000107 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>Notes — Maguire &amp; Wurdack (1958) cited the gathering Maguire &amp; Politi 28255 from the herbarium NY as the holotype of A. glaucum. Based on this information and the materials studied, we consider that the two materials with this information in NY (NY barcodes 00297969 and 00297975) belong to a single specimen mounted on two sheets since one carries the annotation “see fruit collection” (NY barcode 00297969) and the other presents fruit remains (NY barcode 00297975) (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 5; Turland et al. 2018). According to Cremers (2001), the holotype of A. macrophyllum subsp. morii was transferred from the herbarium CAY to the herbarium P.</p> <p>After analyzing the specimens of A. glaucum and A. macrophyllum subsp. morii, we observed that their characteristics overlap with those of A. schultesii, such as the leaves with craspedodromous venation and longer petioles (2.5–4.3 cm long). Thus, we consider A. glaucum and A. macrophyllum synonyms of A. schultesii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6DFFD182D1E6EDC1459724	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6DFFD082D1E2D9C5929330.text	03A787AC2F6DFFD082D1E2D9C5929330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma spruceanum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 52. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia spruceana (Benth. ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Prope San Gabriel da Cachoeira, ad Rio Negro, Jan–Aug 1852, R. Spruce 2265 (C [barcode C10005745 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006956455 image!], E [barcode E00259704 image!], F [barcode V0092484F image!], G [barcode G00169338 image!, barcode G00169339 image!, barcode G00169340 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets)], GH [barcode 00057224 image!], K [barcode K000587694 image!], MO [fragment] [barcode MO-2958643 image!], MPU [barcode MPU022746 image!], NY [barcode 00297993 image!, barcode 00297994 image!], P [barcode P00639546 image!, barcode P00639547 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535083!], TCD [barcode TCD0006573 image!], W [No. 1889-0011849 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4430 image !.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma igapoanum Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(113): 298. 1935. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 186. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Santa Izabel, Rio Negro, 9 Dec 1931, A. Ducke s.n. [A. Ducke [24568]] (RB [barcode 00535045!]; isolectotype: US [barcode 00111800 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Spruce 2265 in the prologue of A. spruceanum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose the most complete specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. spruceanum (C barcode C10005745) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, from the two gatherings indicated in the protologue of A. igapoanum by Markgraf (1935b), Woodson (1951) cited the collection “Ducke 24568” (Ducke s.n., herbarium RB No. 24568) as the type. However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium as the second-step lectotype of A. igapoanum (RB barcode 00535045) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that the flowering specimens of A. igapoanum from herbaria RB, S, and U collected on September 9 th, 1935, and June 10 th, 1937, should not be treated as syntypes since they were collected after the species publication (March 31 st, 1935).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6DFFD082D1E2D9C5929330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E625C56A9011.text	03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E625C56A9011.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma steinbachii Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma steinbachii Markgr. in Melchior in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9(90): 1158. 1927.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated by Pereira et al. in Acta Bot. Bras. 33(1): 6. 2019):— BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Sara, Buena Vista, 450 m, 2 Oct 1925, J. Steinbach 7261 (K [barcode K000587712 image!]; isolectotypes: A [barcode 00057226 image!], E [barcode E00259701 image!], F [barcode V0092485F image!], G [barcode G00169334 image!], GH [barcode 00057227 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958584], NY [barcode 00297995 image!], PH [barcode 00004864 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535084!], S [No. S04-1797 image!], U [barcode U0000491 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4431 image !.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E625C56A9011	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E5C5C4869165.text	03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E5C5C4869165.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma steyermarkii Woodson	<div><p>Aspidosperma steyermarkii Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 187. 1951.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Ptari-tepuí, East of “ Cave Rock ”, alt. 2130 m, 4 Nov 1944, J.A. Steyermark 59858 (MO [barcode MO-2958581 image!]; isotypes: F[barcode V0092486F image!], NY [barcode 00297996 image!],VEN [barcode VEN35845 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E5C5C4869165	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E419C7E3959D.text	03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E419C7E3959D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma subincanum Martius 1838	<div><p>Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. in Flora 21(2, Beibl. 4): 82. 1838.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma subincanum var. subincanum. ≡ Macaglia subincana (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiabá, Morro do Ernesto, Nov 1832, C.F.P. von Martius s.n. [Herb. Mart. Fl. Bras. No. 262] (M [barcode M-0183478 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006959944 image!], E [barcode E00259703 image!], G [barcode G00143812 image!, barcode G00169306 image!], K [barcode K000587657 image!, barcode K000587659 image!], L [barcode L0931167 image!, barcode L0931168 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958634 image!], NY [barcode 00297997 image!], P [barcode P00639566 image!, barcode P00639567 image!], W [No. W0048486]). B†, F negative No. 7550 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma subincanum var. tomentosum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 50. 1860. Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 150. 1951):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1840, P.C. D. Claussen s.n. (K [barcode K000587660 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma chodatii Hassl. ex Markgr. in Pilg. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8(76): 427. 1923. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 148. 1951; second-step lectotype designated here):— PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, Montes Esperanza, Oct 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10647]] (G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108781 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005748 image!], G [barcode G00108780 image!, barcode G00108782 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958633 image!], NO [barcode NO0109662 image!], NY [barcode 00297954 image!], P [barcode P00639540 image!], RB [barcode 00535022!, [fragment] barcode 00535146!], S [No. S12-16249 image!, No. S12-16256 image!], SI [barcode 000744 image!], W [No. 1911-0000619 image!]).</p> <p>Notes —We elected a specimen with flowers and fruit from the single gathering cited by Martius (1838) as the lectotype of A. subincanum (M barcode M-0183478). Also, among the six gatherings mentioned in the protologue of A. chodatii by Markgraf (1923), Woodson (1951) selected as the type the collection “Hassler [Rojas] 10647” (Rojas s.n.). However, since this gathering has more than one specimen, it was necessary to narrow Woodson’s (1951) typification by electing a specimen that belonged to Hassler’s personal herbarium as the second-step lectotype of A. chodatii (G barcode G00108781) (ICN article 9.17; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. chodatii as a synonym of A. tomentosum Mart. &amp; Zucc. However, A. chodatii presents branches with non-thickened suber (vs. thickened), petiolate (vs. sessile to subsessile) and non-decurrent (vs. decurrent) leaves, flowers with corolla lobes shorter than the tube (2×) (vs. equal to or 2× longer than), tomentose ovary (vs. glabrous), and pubescent to glabrescent follicles (vs. tomentose). Based on all these characteristics, we consider A. chodatii a synonym of A. subincanum.</p> <p>Lasty, Duarte (1968) described A. heringeri Duarte as a species that shared some characteristics with A. subincanum. However, since we are still studying its description and types, we have not enough evidence to make decisions about their identities. Therefore, we treated A. heringeri as “ incertae sedis ”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6CFFD082D1E419C7E3959D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E7CDC72B90F5.text	03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E7CDC72B90F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma tambopatense A. H. Gentry	<div><p>Aspidosperma tambopatense A.H.Gentry in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71(4): 1075. 1984.</p> <p>Holotype:— PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata Reserve, 26 km S of Puerto Maldonado on E side of Río Tambopata, 12 Nov 1979, G.S. Hartshorn 2421 (MO [barcode MO-2958528 image!]; isotypes: CR, F [barcode V0421499F image!], MO [barcode MO-1069092 image!], USM).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma occidentale Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15(1): 133. 1940, nom. illeg. hom., non Aspidosperma occidentale Malme in Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 10. 1927. Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 154, 156. 1951):— BRAZIL. Acre: Seringal Auristella, Rio Acre, Apr 1911, E. H. G. Ule 9700 (K [barcode K000587675 image!]; isolectotype: MG [barcode MG014536!]).</p> <p>Notes — Gentry (1984) indicated the gathering Hartshorn 2421 from the herbarium MO as the holotype of A. tambopatense. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in MO (MO barcodes MO-1069092 and MO-2958528) are duplicates since one sheet was identified as “ holotype ” (MO barcode MO-2958528) and the other as “isotype” (MO barcode MO-1069092) and both received different voucher numbers (ICN article 8.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E7CDC72B90F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E5E9C6B49165.text	03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E5E9C6B49165.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma thomasii Marc.	<div><p>Aspidosperma thomasii Marc. - Ferr. in Brittonia 51(1): 74. 1999.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Uruçuca, 7.3 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.016666/lat -14.416667)">Serra Grande</a>, on rd to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.416667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.016666/lat -14.416667)">Itacaré</a> (14°25’S, 39°01’W), 6 May 1992, W.W. Thomas et al. 9156 (CEPEC [No. 55476 image!]; isotype: NY [barcode 01911857 image!]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6FFFD382D1E5E9C6B49165	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6FFFD282D1E419C68B903C.text	03A787AC2F6FFFD282D1E419C68B903C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma tomentosum Martius & Zuccarini 1824	<div><p>Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. &amp; Zucc. in Flora 7(1, Beil. 4): 135. 1824, typ. cons.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma tomentosum var. tomentosum. ≡ Macaglia tomentosa (Mart.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Campis S. Philippi, secundum Fluvium S. Francisci, s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n. (M [barcode M-0183474 image!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00143874 image!], M [barcode M-0183473 image!, barcode M-0183475 image!, barcode M-0183476 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma dasycarpon A.DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 8: 396. 1844. ≡ Macaglia dasycarpa (A.DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 147. 1951):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: 1840, P. C. D. Claussen 346 (G [barcode G00169397 image!]). B †, F negative No. 4410 image!.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma tomentosum var. angustifolium Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 45. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Bahia: Probe Caeté, s.d., L. Riedel 671 (W [No. W 0057117 image!]; isolectotypes: W [No. W 0057118 image!, No. W 0057119 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma tomentosum var. velutinum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 45. 1860. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Probe Sabará, s.d., L. Riedel 628 (LE).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma pallidiflorum Müll.Arg. in Warming in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869(6–8): 101. 1869. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa, s.d., J. E. B. Warming s.n. (C [barcode C10005749 image!]; isolectotype: NY [barcode 00970770 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma rojasii Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 257. 1913. Lectotype (first-step lectotype designated by Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 38(2): 148. 1951; second-step lectotype designated by Elsam et al. in Bonplandia 30(1): 33. 2021):— PARAGUAY. [Amambay]: Sierra de Amambay, pr. Esperanza, Sep 1907 /1908, T. Rojas s.n. [E. Hassler [10629]] (G (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108802 image!]; isolectotypes: C [barcode C10005751 image!], G [barcode G00108803 image!, barcode G00108804 image!], K [barcode K000587653 image!, barcode K000587654 image!], NY [barcode 00297992 image!], P [barcode P00639541 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535079!], S [No. S12-16255 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4428 image!.</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma velutinum ” Fisch. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 45. 1860, pro syn.</p> <p>Notes —The diagnosis of A. tomentosum presented in “ Flora ” by Martius &amp; Zuccarini (1824) was based on a single collection made by Martius himself, though the indication of the original material (Martius s.n.) was only made later by Martius (1824) in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ”. Since there is one sheet in the herbarium M from the single collection made by Martius (1824) for A. tomentosum that resembles the illustration first mentioned in “ Flora ”, but only published in “ Nova Genera et Species Plantarum ” (plate 34 (M barcode M-0183474)), we elected this sheet as the lectotype (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Riedel 671 in the prologue of A. tomentosum var. angustifolium but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we chose a material with mature leaves and flowers as the lectotype of A. tomentosum var. angustifolium (W No. W0057117) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, Müller-Argoviensis (1869) did not cite in which herbarium the type of A. pallidiflorum would be deposited. Therefore, we chose the best-preserved specimen from this collection as the lectotype of A. pallidiflorum (C barcode C10005749) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) and Elsam et al. (2021) considered A. chodatii Hassl. ex Markgr. (not mentioned by Elsam et al. (2021)), A. gomezianum A.DC., A. hilarianum Müll.Arg., A. obscurum Müll.Arg., and A. tomentosum var. claussenii A.DC. (not mentioned by Woodson (1951)) as synonyms of A. tomentosum. We disagree with both authors as we recognize A. gomezianum as a different species and include A. obscurum in its synonym (see the species notes). Also, we treated A. chodatii and A. hilarianum as synonyms of A. subincanum (Castello et al. 2018) and A. camporum, respectively (see the species notes). Lasty, Duarte (1968) described A. gilbertii Duarte, a species that shared some characteristics with A. tomentosum. However, we are still studying its description and types and for now do not have enough evidence to make decisions about its identity. So, we treated A. gilbertii as “ incertae sedis ”. We did the same for A. tomentosum var. claussenii, due to the lack of outstanding diagnostic characteristics in its protologue and our unsuccessful search for types associated with this name.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6FFFD282D1E419C68B903C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFD282D1E521C7889549.text	03A787AC2F6EFFD282D1E521C7889549.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma triternatum Rojas Acosta	<div><p>Aspidosperma triternatum Rojas Acosta, Essai d’une Therapeutique Vegetale de Corrientes: 21. 1913.</p> <p>Neotype (designated here): — ARGENTINA. Corrientes: San Luis del Palmar, El Pontón, 13 Jan 1975, T.M. Pedersen 10862 (MBM [No. 45298!]; isoneotypes: A [barcode 02178704 image!], C [No. L6/84/No146 image!], CTES, L [QR code L2694246 image!, QR code L2694247 image!], LL [barcode 00528391 image!], MO [barcode MO-2958828], P [barcode P04204789 image!, barcode P04204790 image!], WAG [QR code WAG1482575 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco subsp. brevifolium Hassl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325/330): 261. 1913. Holotype:— PARAGUAY. [Concepción]: Pr. Concepción, Dec, E. Hassler 12003 (G (mounted on three herbarium sheets) [barcode G00108812 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma chakense Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 3(15): 333. 1917. Syntype [perhaps holotype]:— ARGENTINA. Formosa: Pilcomayo, s.d., C.L. Spegazzini s.n. [C.L. Spegazzini [12567]] (LP [barcode 002815 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma horcokebracho Speg. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 3(15): 335. 1917, nom. illeg. hom., non Aspidosperma horkokebracho Speg. (= Schinopsis Engl.) in Speg. &amp; Girola, Cat. Descr. Maderas: 380. 1910. Lectotype (designated by Ezcurra in Darwiniana 23(2–4): 465. 1981):— ARGENTINA. [Jujuy]: Sierra de Sta Bárbara, 1905–1909, C.L. Spegazzini s.n. [C.L. Spegazzini [1602]] (LP [barcode 002813 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum Markgr. in Notizbl.Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12(113): 300.1935. Lectotype (designated here): — PARAGUAY. [Villa Hayes]: Estancia Loma-Porá (Chaco), Montes Ribereños (Espinillar), Dec 1916, T. Rojas 2073 [pro parte [flowering branch]] [Herb. Osten 14268] (SI [barcode 046802 image!]; isolectotype: SI [barcode 046858 image!]).</p> <p>“ Aspidosperma chakensis ” Speg., orth. var.</p> <p>Notes — Rojas-Acosta (1913) did not explicitly indicate any gathering in the protologue of A. triternatum. Thus, we understand that this name has no nomenclatural type attached to it. According to the ICN article 9.13 (Turland et al. 2018): “If no original material is extant or as long as it is missing, a neotype may be selected.”. Therefore, we elected a specimen with follicles as the neotype of A. triternatum (MBM No. 45298) (ICN article 9.13; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Regarding A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum, we could not locate the specimen indicated in the protologue by Markgraf (1935b) from Cornelio Osten’s personal herbarium (Rojas 2073), because it was not transferred to the herbarium MVM like many other sheets from his herbarium (M. Valdivia, personal information). However, we found duplicates from this gathering. They present the same information cited in the protologue of A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum on locality, collection date, and collector, though the collecting number was applied for two different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with follicles (“Puerto Casado”) and flowers (“Estancia Loma-Porá”). Since the collection of the flowering specimens was the one mentioned by Markgraf (1935b), we chose it as the lectotype collection of A. quebracho-blanco var. ellipticum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Finally, Spegazzini (1917) used a hyphen to separate the epithet in A. horcokebracho (“ A. horco-kebracho ”). Since the epithet’s two words did not stand independently, coming from the name of a locality, we performed the deletion of the hyphen according to the ICN article 60.11 (Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6EFFD282D1E521C7889549	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F6EFFED82D1E00DC04E9315.text	03A787AC2F6EFFED82D1E00DC04E9315.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma ulei Markgr.	<div><p>Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9(81): 78. 1924.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. [Roraima]: Rio Branco, Surumu, Serra de Mairary, 500–900 m, Nov 1909, E.H.G. Ule 8453 (MG [barcode MG013524!]; isolectotypes: G [barcode G00169349 image!], K [barcode K000587676 image!], L [barcode L0004437 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535086!]). B†, F negative No. 4432 image !.</p> <p>Notes — Markgraf (1924) indicated the gathering Ule 8453 as “Original” for A. ulei between the two collections presented in the protologue but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Woodson (1951) suggested in his notes the collection Ule 8451 (not mentioned in the protologue) as a possible new type collection for A. ulei since he believed that the original gatherings were lost in the destruction of the herbarium B. However, since we located several sheets of the gathering Ule 8453, we chose a specimen from a Brazilian herbarium belonging to this gathering as the lectotype of A. ulei (MG barcode MG013524) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F6EFFED82D1E00DC04E9315	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E6C9C7819081.text	03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E6C9C7819081.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC.	<div><p>Aspidosperma vargasii A.DC., Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 399. 1844.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia vargasii (A.DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Holotype:— VENEZUELA. [Distrito Federal]: Caracas, 1829, J.M. Vargas 132 (G [barcode G00143997 image!]). B†, F negative No. 7547 image !.</p> <p>Notes —In the preface of his “ Prodromus ”,A.P. de Candolle (1824) stated that all specimens from his personal herbarium were identified with the sign “ v. s. ” (i.e., vidit sicco) (Ferrer-Gallego &amp; Laguna 2018). We believe that A.L.P.P. de Candolle (1844) followed the same idea, as the single gathering cited in the protologue of A. vargasii was indicated as “ v. s. comm. a cl. Vargas ”. Currently, the specimens from the de Candolle family collection are incorporated into the herbarium G, recognized by the acronym G-DC. Since the only sheet of Vargas 132 from G has the G-DC label, we consider this specimen as the holotype of A. vargasii (G barcode G00143997).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E6C9C7819081	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E475C59D952C.text	03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E475C59D952C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma verbascifolium Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma verbascifolium Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 46. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Macaglia verbascifolia (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Goiás: 1816, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire C1-825 (P [barcode P00645101 image!]; isolectotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V0092487F image!], P [barcode P00639598 image!, barcode P00639599 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 47. 1860. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Ad Fluv. S. Francisci, s.d., L. Riedel 2770 (LE!; isolectotype: P [barcode P00639595 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma platyphyllum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 46. 1860. ≡ Macaglia platyphylla (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Goiás: 1816, A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire C1-844 (P [barcode P00639596 image!]; isolectotypes: F [fragment] [barcode V0092474 F image!], P [barcode P00639597 image!]), syn. nov.</p> <p>= Macaglia lanata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 197. 1898. ≡ Aspidosperma lanatum (Kuntze) Malme in Ark. Bot. 21A(6): 20. 1927. Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Jul 1892, O. Kuntze s.n. (NY [barcode 00298114 image!]; isolectotype: RB [fragment] [barcode 00535108!]). B†, F negative No. 4419 image!.</p> <p>Notes —From the single gathering “St.-Hilaire 825” (St.-Hilaire C1-825) mentioned in the protologue of A. verbascifolium by Müller-Argoviensis (1860a), we elected the best-preserved material as the lectotype (P barcode 00645101) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Also, Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) cited the collection Riedel 2770 for both A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum and A. platyphyllum. Still, based on the information on the labels and Saint-Hilaire’s field books (Pignal et al. 2013), we speculate that he may have mixed the collection information. So, we consider that A. platyphyllum presents the type collection St.-Hilaire C1-844, for which we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype (P barcode P00639596), while Riedel 2070 is the type collection of A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum, for which we elected the sheet that possess the label with detailed information as the lectotype (LE) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Lastly, we selected the most complete specimen from the single gathering cited by Kuntze (1898) for Macaglia lanata as the lectotype (NY barcode 00298114) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> <p>Woodson (1951) considered A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum as a synonym of A. macrocarpon. However, after analyzing specimens of A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum, A. platyphyllum, and A. verbascifolium, we verified that all three possess branches with thickened suber, petiolate and long leaves (&gt; 10 cm) with eucamptrodomous venation, concentrated at the apex of branches, and flowers with externally entirely tomentose calyx, oblong corolla lobes, and externally entirely tomentose corolla tube. So, we consider A. macrocarpon var. macrothyrsum and A. platyphyllum as synonyms of A. verbascifolium.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F51FFED82D1E475C59D952C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F51FFEC82D1E0D1C566976D.text	03A787AC2F51FFEC82D1E0D1C566976D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma verruculosum Mull. Arg.	<div><p>Aspidosperma verruculosum Müll.Arg. in Mart. &amp; auct. suc., Fl. Bras. 6(1): 51. 1860.</p> <p>≡ Aspidosperma verruculosum var. verruculosum. ≡ Macaglia verruculosa (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 416. 1891.</p> <p>Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Inter Rio Negro et Orenoco, ad Flumina Casiquiari, Vasiva et Pacimoni, 1853–1854, R. Spruce 3328 (G [barcode G00169335 image!]; isolectotypes: BR [barcode 0000006960476 image!], E [barcode E00259705 image!], G [barcode G00169336 image! (mounted on two herbarium sheets), barcode G00169337 image!], GH [barcode 00057229 image!], K [barcode K000587713 image!], LD [barcode 1691942 image!], NY [barcode 00297999 image!], P [barcode P00639543 image!, barcode P00639561 image!], RB [fragment] [barcode 00535088!], TCD [barcode TCD0006572 image!], W [No. 1889-0011846 image!]). B†, F negative No. 4433 image !.</p> <p>= Aspidosperma paniculatum Azambuja in Rodriguésia 10(21): [117]. 1948. Lectotype (designated here): — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Rio Tarumá-mury, 12 Apr 1942, A. Ducke 918 [pro parte [flowering branch]] (RB (mounted on two herbarium sheets) [barcode 00535073!, barcode 00567815!]; isolectotypes: BM [barcode BM000952693 image!], F [barcode V0421491 F image!], IAN [No. 10502!], INPA [No. 230767!], K [barcode K000898016 image!], MO [barcode MO-1068556 image!, barcode MO-2958586, barcode MO-2958588], MG [barcode MG195555!], NY [barcode 01172491 image!, barcode 01546548 image!], R [barcode R000055240!], US [barcode 03230267 image!]).</p> <p>= Aspidosperma verruculosum var. laeve Monach. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(4): 59. 1961. Holotype:— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Locally frequent along Caño Pimichín between Río Guainía and Pimichín, elev. 130–140 m, 2 Jul 1959, J.J. Wurdack &amp; L.S. Adderley 43280 (NY [barcode 00298000 image!]; isotypes: B [barcode B100521652 image!], F [barcode V0092488 F image!], MO [barcode MO-2958589 image!], NY [barcode 00298001 image!], P [barcode P00639545 image!], U [barcode U0000483 image!], US [barcode 00111817 image!], VEN [barcode VEN52342 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Müller-Argoviensis (1860a) indicated the gathering Spruce 3328 in the prologue of A. verruculosum but did not cite in which herbarium the type would be deposited. Thus, we selected the best-preserved specimen as the lectotype of A. verruculosum (BR barcode 0000006960476) (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). Furthermore, Azambuja (1948) indicated the gathering Ducke s.n. from the herbarium RB (RB No. 50970) in the prologue of A. paniculatum. However, since the same collection information was used for three different gatherings, corresponding to specimens with mature flowers (“ 10-4-1942 ”), flower buds (“10-3-43”), and follicles (“ 19-4-1943 ”), we chose the gathering with mature flowers as the lectotype collection of A. paniculatum (ICN article 9.3; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that we consider the two preparations with this information in RB (RB barcodes 00535073 and 00567815) as a single specimen mounted on two sheets as they share a single original label, received the same voucher number, and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). Finally, according to the lectotype label information, the numbers “918” and “1419” correspond to Ducke’s collecting numbers for the specimens with flowers and follicles, respectively. Still, none of these numbers were cited in the prologue of A. paniculatum.</p> <p>Regarding A. verruculosum var. laeve, Maguire &amp; Wurdack (1961) indicated the collection Wurdack &amp; Adderley 43280 from the herbarium NY as the holotype. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the two herbarium sheets with this information in NY (NY barcodes 00298000 and 00298001) are duplicates, as they were identified as “ holotype ” (NY barcode 00298000) and “isotype” (NY barcode 00298001) (ICN article 8.3; Turland et al. 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F51FFEC82D1E0D1C566976D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
03A787AC2F50FFEC82D1E211C7EF94D8.text	03A787AC2F50FFEC82D1E211C7EF94D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspidosperma williamii Duarte	<div><p>Aspidosperma williamii Duarte in Acta Amazon. 2(1): 29. 1972.</p> <p>Holotype:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 64, Reserva W. Egler, Rio Preto da Eva, 10 Sep 1970, W.A. Rodrigues 8938 (INPA (mounted on five herbarium sheets) [No. 28313!]; isotypes: F [barcode V0092489F image!], VEN [barcode VEN158456 image!]).</p> <p>Notes — Duarte (1972) indicated the gathering Rodrigues 8938 from the herbarium INPA as the holotype of A. williamii. Based on this information and the materials analyzed, we consider that the five preparations with this information in INPA (INPA No. 28313) belong to a single specimen mounted on five sheets since they share a single original label, received the same voucher and are physically kept together (ICN article 8.3, Ex. 9; Turland et al. 2018). It is worth mentioning that Duarte (1972) originally published this species as “ A. williamsii ” in honor of the collector William A. Rodrigues, but Brenan (1981) later corrected the name to A. williamii.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787AC2F50FFEC82D1E211C7EF94D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides;Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza;Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki;Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo;Simões, André Olmos;Koch, Ingrid	Castello, Ana Carolina Devides, Pereira, Andreza Stephanie De Souza, Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki, Zuntini, Alexandre Rizzo, Simões, André Olmos, Koch, Ingrid (2022): Taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Phytotaxa 571 (3): 239-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.571.3.1
