identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
399B4B5BCC0356439F520B7C70952E91.text	399B4B5BCC0356439F520B7C70952E91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptopelis rugosus (Ahl 1924)	<div><p>Leptopelis rugosus (Ahl, 1924)</p><p>Pseudocassina rugosa Ahl, 1924.</p><p>Pseudocassina ocellata Ahl, 1924.</p><p>Leptopelis montanus Tiutenko &amp; Zinenko, 2021.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Adult female (ZMB-26915) collected during Oscar  Neumann’s and Carlo von  Erlanger’s expedition in 1900 in Meta, Kolla (approx. 9.17°N, 38.25°E, 2650 m a.s.l.).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>In addition to the holotype, we examined   one female collected at the end of July 1900 during O.  Neumann’s and C. von  Erlanger’s expedition in "  Hochebene Didda " (ZMB-26913), which is one of the   two syntypes of  Leptopelis montanus Tiutenko &amp; Zinenko, 2021 (=  Pseudocassina ocellata), synonymised here with  L. rugosus . As this specimen was mentioned as "the holotype " by Largen (2001) and has a collection date and a more precise locality than the other syntype (ZMB-26914), which only states  “Somaliand”, considered erroneous by (Largen 1977), we formally designate ZMB-26913 as the lectotype of  Pseudocassina ocellata here (see remarks below regarding the locality and taxonomic status).  We also examined   one female (16-130), collected on 12 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.7812&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.7812/lat 10.3316)">Mehal Meda</a> (10.3316°N, 39.7812°E, 3265 m a.s.l.) ,   one male (16-103), collected on 12 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.7452&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.9894" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.7452/lat 9.9894)">Debre Sina</a> (9.9894°N, 39.7452°E, 3017 m a.s.l.) ,   three males (16-109, 16-116, 16-129), collected on 12 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.8/lat 10.33)">Mehal Meda</a> (10.16- 10.33°N, 39.76- 39.80°E, 3167-3265 m a.s.l.) ,   five males (16-150, 16-151, 16-152, 16-153, 16-154), collected on 13 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.5628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.6979" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.5628/lat 9.6979)">Debre Birhan</a> (9.6979°N, 39.5628°E, 2833 m a.s.l.) ,   three males (16-164, 16-168, 16-172), collected on 14 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.74&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.74/lat 9.75)">Fiche</a> (9.73- 9.75°N, 38.74°E, 2657-2726 m a.s.l.) ,   five males (SB530, SB531, SB532, SB533, SB540), collected on 1 and 2 July 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.5628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.6979" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.5628/lat 9.6979)">Debre Birhan</a> (9.6979°N, 39.5628°E, 2339 m a.s.l.) ,   four males (SB541, SB542, SB544, SB545), collected on 2 July 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois between <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.739&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.739/lat 9.682)">Debre Birhan</a> and Ankober (9.6820°N, 39.7390°E, 3408 m a.s.l.) , two females (SB555, SB558) and   one male (SB556), collected on 4 July 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois east of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.8/lat 10.33)">Mehal Meda</a> (10.31- 10.33°N, 39.78- 39.80°E, 3337-3429 m a.s.l.) and   three males (SB608, SB609, SB610), collected on 11 July 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.7439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.7307" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.7439/lat 9.7307)">Fiche</a> (9.7307°N, 38.7439°E, 2365 m a.s.l.)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A large (male (n = 22) SVL 38.7  ± 2.7 mm, female (n = 2) SVL 52.4  ± 0.2 mm) species of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Figs 5, 6). Robust, semi-fossorial form. It differs from other members of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex by the following combination of characters: (1) large tympanum (male TD/ED 0.57  ± 0.11, female TD/ED 0.54), (2) long snout (male SL/HL 0.25  ± 0.02, female SL/HL 0.27  ± 0.01), (3) well-developed metatarsal tubercle (male MTL/FL 0.17  ± 0.02, female MTL/FL 0.18  ± 0.02), (4) ventrum lacking any brown spots, (5) yellow colouration on the side of the ventrum and the inner thighs almost always present.</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Larger body size, longer head and snout and greater snout-nostril distance and larger tympanum and metatarsal tubercle than  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens and  L. sp. Kibre Mengist (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9). Longer hind-limbs than the Bale/Assela clade, but shorter than  L. susanae (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9). Finger and toe discs less developed and head narrower and shorter than  L. susanae (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9).  Leptopelis rugosus is distinguished from the Bale/Assela clade by the lack of dark pigmentation on the ventrum, throat and ventral side of the limbs (Figs 6, 7).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Relatively large adult female (SVL 44.7 mm) in good condition of preservation (Fig. 5). Body robust and round. Head a third of body size in length, wider than long (HW/HL 1.21). Canthus rostralis obtuse and snout rounded and wide (IND/IOD 0.96). Nostril half-way between the tip of the snout and the eye (NS/SL 0.53). Tympanum partially hidden by flank skin rugosities and barely visible. Hind-limbs relatively long (TL/SVL 0.38 and THL/SVL 0.43). Finger and toe discs barely expanded, but distinct, ovoid. Finger formula: I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III. Hand free of webbing. Foot longer than tibia (FL/TL 1.3). Inner metatarsal tubercle well-developed, oval in shape, 0.20  × foot length. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Toe formula: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV. Toe webbing formula (toe internal/external sides, number of phalanges webbed): Ie(1), IIi/e(1-1), IIIi/e(1-2), IVi/e(2-2), Vi(2). Skin of the dorsum, flanks and ventrum highly rugose.</p><p>Colouration of the holotype in preservative.</p><p>Dorsal ground colour and canthal region dark olive brown with no visible pattern, except for a large light brown blotch covering about a third of the dorsum (Fig. 5). This discolouration probably appeared during the specimen preservation and after its original description, where Ahl described the dorsum as "solid dark olive-brown". The thin light yellowish line noted by Ahl (1924) to extend to the upper arm is mostly faded away behind the tympanic region. Upper lip and flanks light yellowish-brown. Throat, ventrum, ventral side of the thighs and tibias light yellowish-brown. Front and hind-limbs olive brown without any marking.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>Leptopelis rugosus presents less colour polymorphism than the smaller members of the  L. gramineus species complex. Dorsum is green to dark green and can be completely uniform or have a few to many irregular brown blotches (Fig. 6). In some individuals, these blotches form an irregular dorsal stripe extending from the top of the head to the lower back. A dark brown to black bar covers the canthal region and extends behind the eye, over the tympanum and sometimes behind the arm junction. This canthal stripe is overlined by a thin, more or less visible yellowish line. Flanks are the same colour as the dorsal ground colour and, in all individuals examined, except for the female SB558, have more or less well-defined brown ocelli. Limbs are the same colouration as the dorsum and rarely have irregular brown markings. Upper lip may be cream or a lighter shade of green than the dorsum without any markings. Iris sand colour to brown. Tympanum may be uniformly green or partially covered by a brown blotch joining the brown bar behind the eye. Throat and chest uniformly white to pale yellow. Ventrum generally white or cream with light to deep yellow zones on the sides extending to the ventral side of the thighs. In some individuals, the ventrum may be completely yellow. In gravid females, yellow eggs are visible through the thick ventral skin. In most individuals, the palms of the hands, ventral and inner sides of the limbs show very little to no dark pigmentation. Some individuals have a few irregular brown or black blotches on the inner tibia, forearm, hand and foot. Dorsal skin may be smooth, slightly or very rugose.</p><p>Habitat, distribution and natural history.</p><p>Leptopelis rugosus is found in grassy meadows of the Ethiopian Highlands north of the GRV at mid- to high elevations (2,339-3,337 m a.s.l.). This species occurs notably near Debre Birhan, Debre Sina, Fiche, Addis Ababa, Holeta and Ambo (Fig. 1, Suppl. material 5: table S1). The northernmost population was found near Mehal Meda (10.3171°N, 39.8024°E), while the southernmost individuals were found between Ambo and Wonchi (8.9007°N, 37.8928°E). One of the two types in  Ahl’s original description of  Pseudocassina ocellata was collected on the Arussi Plateau, which, if the locality is correct, is the only known specimen east of the GRV (see remark on the type locality below).</p><p>Males are heard calling at night and sometimes during the day for extended periods of time. Advertisement calls are emitted from the ground, either on the grass or from a cavity in the ground or under a rock, generally near a stream or a flooded area. Several males were found calling from the banks of a completely dried-out stream, although it is unknown to us whether the reproduction period extends to the dry season or whether males keep calling only during shorter dry periods.</p><p>Advertisement call.</p><p>The call of  Leptopelis rugosus is a short rattle composed of a single note of 65  ± 21 ms in duration, containing 4  ± 1 pulses (Fig. 4B). In most individuals, the two first pulses are emitted at very short intervals, while the subsequent pulses are more spaced (average inter-pulse interval 20  ± 5 ms). Other individuals produce notes with regularly-spaced pulses. Amplitude is highest at the beginning of the note and decreases gradually. Within a call bout, calls are spaced by 13  ± 7 seconds, often with an acceleration of the call rate from a call every 10 seconds to one call per second. Call dominant frequency is 1,769  ± 60 Hz, with a bandwidth of 742  ± 82 Hz.</p><p>The call of  Leptopelis rugosus is distinguishable from the calls of  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens and the Kibre Mengist and Bale/Assela clades by its lower number of pulses per note and narrower frequency band width. It is further distinguished from the call of  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens and  L. sp. Kibre Mengist by its shorter note duration and from  L. sp. Kibre Mengist by its lower peak frequency and higher pulse rate. Finally, it is distinguished from the call of  L. susanae by its longer duration and lower pulse rate (Table 2).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Diagnostic characters used in the original description.</p><p>Ahl described  Pseudocassina rugosa, based on a single female and provided three main diagnostic characters when compared with  Pseudocassina ocellata, which he described in the same article, based on one female and one male: (1) the texture of the skin (rugose for  P. rugosa and smooth for  P. ocellata), (2) the length of the tibia ( P. rugosa TL/SVL 1/3.5 and  P. ocellata TL/SVL 1/3), (3) the visibility of the tympanum (hidden for  P. rugosa and visible for  P. ocellata). Ahl also named  P. ocellata after the presence of ocelli on the flanks of the individuals he examined, which reflects on its specificity, even though he did not use this trait as a diagnostic character.</p><p>We found individuals of  L. rugosus and the Bale/Assela clade with either a completely smooth, slightly rugose or coarsely rugose dorsum. The rugosity of the skin thus seems to be variable amongst individuals and, perhaps, age or season. Additionally, we have noticed that the rugosity of the skin may disappear after euthanasia and/or fixation of the specimen. Finally, even though almost all individuals of  L. diffidens,  L. gramineus and the  L. sp. Kibre Mengist examined had smooth skin, we found two females  L. diffidens and one female  L. sp. Kibre Mengist with slightly rugose skin. The visibility of the tympanum seems to be variable across the individuals as well, perhaps linked to the size of the individual and the rugosity of the skin. While some female  L. rugosus have a partially hidden tympanum, all males examined had a visible tympanum. The difference in tibia length between the specimens described by Ahl reflects individual variations as shown in our dataset. Finally, ocelli on the flanks and/or dorsum are present in certain individuals of  L. rugosus and the Bale/Assela clade and is not a diagnostic character.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/399B4B5BCC0356439F520B7C70952E91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Goutte, Sandra;Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo;Kassie, Abeje;Boissinot, Stephane	Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo, Kassie, Abeje, Boissinot, Stephane (2022): Genetic and morphometric analyses of historical type specimens clarify the taxonomy of the Ethiopian Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Anura, Arthroleptidae). ZooKeys 1128: 63-97, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176
07AF3730BB605C0893F9A911DBAF0383.text	07AF3730BB605C0893F9A911DBAF0383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptopelis shebellensis Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, Kassie & Boissinot 2022	<div><p>Leptopelis shebellensis Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, Kassie &amp; Boissinot sp. nov.</p><p>Common name.</p><p>English: Shebelle River burrowing African treefrog.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Adult male (SB482), collected on 26 June 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois near the town of  Ch’ange, Oromia, Ethiopia (8.1263°N, 39.4360°E, 2429 m a.s.l.). Paratypes. One male (15-46), collected on 5 August 2015 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot, south of Assela (7.9068°N, 39.1238°E, 2520 m a.s.l.), one male (15-79) and one female (15-83), collected on 6 August 2015 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot, southwest of Dinsho (7.1156°N, 39.7390°E, 3029 m a.s.l.), one male (15-84), collected on 6 August 2015 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot southwest of Dinsho (7.1105°N, 39.7461°E, 3042 m a.s.l.), one male (15-143), collected on 8 August 2015 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot between Robe and Ali (7.1720°N, 39.9722°E, 2431 m a.s.l.), one female (15-152), collected on 8 August 2015 by X. Freilich, J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot in Goba (7.0110°N, 39.9677°E, 2699 m a.s.l.), two females (16-8, 16-9), collected on 5 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot south of Assela (7.8656°N, 39.1305°E, 2605 m a.s.l.), one females (16-25), collected on 6 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot south of Assela (7.8836°N, 39.1245°E, 2531 m a.s.l.), two males (16-26, 16-28), collected on 6 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot north of Bekoji (7.5585°N, 39.2520°E, 2721 m a.s.l.), one male (16-88), collected on 10 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot east of Dinsho (7.1065°N, 39.8184°E, 3065 m a.s.l.), one male (16-93), collected on 10 July 2016 by J. Reyes-Velasco and S. Boissinot west of Dinsho (7.1204°N, 39.7358°E, 3048 m a.s.l.), three males (SB61, SB62, SB63), collected on 26 June 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco south of Dinsho (7.0915°N, 39.7834°E, 3079 m a.s.l.), two males (SB483, SB484), collected on 26 June 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois near  Ch’ange (8.1263°N, 39.4360°E, 2429 m a.s.l.), three males (SB502, SB504, SB505), collected on 28 June 2018 by S. Goutte and Y. Bourgeois north of Arussi Robe (7.9190°N, 39.6091°E, 2433 m a.s.l.).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium to large (male (n = 21) SVL 35.9  ± 3.5 mm, female (n = 5) SVL 53.4  ± 5.3 mm), robust semi-fossorial species of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Fig. 7). It differs from other members of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex by the following combination of characters: (1) short and robust hind-limbs (male TL/SVL 0.33  ± 0.03, female TL/SVL 0.30  ± 0.02), (2) well-developed metatarsal tubercle (male MTL/FL 0.17  ± 0.03, female MTL/FL 0.16  ± 0.02), (3) longer snout (male SL/HL 0.23  ± 0.03, female SL/HL 0.24  ± 0.02), (4) toe and fingertips not enlarged and (5) ventrum often with dark brown spots and/or yellowish sides.</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Larger body size, longer head and snout and greater snout-nostril distance and larger tympanum and metatarsal tubercle than  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens and  L. sp. Kibre Mengist (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9). Shorter hind-limbs and smaller finger and toe discs than  L. rugosus and  L. susanae (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Medium size adult male (SVL 40.6 mm). Body robust (Fig. 7). Head a third of body size in length, wider than long (HW/HL 1.14). Snout wide (IND/IOD 0.87). Nostrils closer to the tip of the snout than the eyes (NS/SL 0.47). Canthus rostralis well-marked, but obtuse and loreal region slightly concave. Pupil vertical. Tympanum partially hidden on the posterior-dorsal edge, 0.40  × eye diameter.</p><p>Fingers and toes robust with ovoid discs not expanded, but distinct. Finger formula: I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III. Hand free of webbing. Hind-limbs short and robust (TL/SVL 0.31 and THL/SVL 0.38). Foot 1.32  × tibia length. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, oval in shape, 0.16  × foot length. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Toe formula: I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. Foot webbing minimal, except between toe III and toe IV where webbing extends to half-way between the first and the second phalanges. Skin of the dorsum, flanks and ventrum slightly rugose.</p><p>Colouration of the holotype in life.</p><p>Dorsal ground colour sand, slightly iridescent, with green hues in the lower two-thirds (Fig. 7). One dorsal and two latero-dorsal irregular dark brown bands outlined with a thin cream line. Several small round or ovoid dark-brown spots, outlined with a thin cream line, are present in between the dorsal and latero-dorsal stripes and two larger and irregular in shape are present between the eyes. Dark brown canthal stripe, outline with a cream-coloured line, from the tip of the snout extending above and around the tympanum and behind the shoulder on the right side and to a fourth of the abdomen on the left side. Several large and irregular dark brown blotches, outlined by a cream line on the flank, in the continuation of the canthal stripe on each side. Tympanum golden light brown. Upper lip iridescent sand colour with a few irregular brown markings. Iris dark gold, lighter on the upper third, with heavy black reticulation. Flanks sand colour dorsally to forest green ventrally, with small black round spots. An irregular dark grey blotch marks the limit between the flank and the ventrum. Throat and ventrum mostly cream, yellowish towards the flanks, with small light brown blotches laterally. Hands, arms and forearms sand colour to green posteriorly, with a few irregular dark brown spots, except on the hands. Tibia light brown with irregular green blotches and a few small and irregular black spots. Thighs green dorsally to dark, bluish-green posteriorly, with a few irregular brown blotches. Feet green towards the heel to light olive green towards the toes.</p><p>Colouration of the holotype in preservative.</p><p>Dorsal ground colour bluish-grey with large irregular black bands and spots outlined by a white line (Fig. 7B). Hands, feet and limbs bluish-grey with a few irregular black spots on the forearms and tibias, outlined with white. Throat and ventrum white to cream with a few faint brown spots. Ventral side of the hands, feet and tibiae heavily dusted with grey.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Dorsum can be green to dark green, sand or brown. All examined specimens had light or dark brown to black irregular markings, variable in size and number, on the dorsum. In many individuals, those markings are bi- or tricolour (yellowish-cream, light and dark brown) and form lateral and dorso-lateral ocelli in some animals. A thin yellowish line is present from the tip of the snout to behind the tympanum in all examined individuals. The canthal stripe can be light brown to black and can be underlined by a second yellowish line from the snout to the eye in some individuals. Flanks can be the same colour or a lighter version of the dorsal ground colour or green while the dorsum is brown or vice versa. Larger versions of the dorsal blotches are found on the flanks, sometime merging into an irregular band. Limbs are the same colouration as the dorsum and sometimes have irregular brown markings. Upper lip may be light brown or the same colour as the dorsum without any markings. Iris golden to brown. Tympanum partially or completely covered with a brown blotch, either joining the brown bar behind the eye or as a separate blotch. Throat and chest uniformly white to pale yellow. Ventrum white to orange-yellow, sometimes with yellow to orange zones on the sides and extending to the ventral side of the thighs. In gravid females, yellow eggs are visible through the thick ventral skin. Palms of the hands, ventral sides of feet and tibia more or less heavily dusted with dark grey. Dorsal skin may be smooth, slightly or very rugose.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the Shebelle River, as the distribution range of the species appears restricted to the Shebelle River Basin, with populations found both north and south of the source of the river (Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat, distribution and natural history.</p><p>Leptopelis shebellensis sp. nov. inhabits the grassy meadows of the Didda Plateau and the northern Bale Mountains at mid- to high elevations (2,429-3,296 m a.s.l.). This species is notably found near Assela, Huruta, Dinsho, Adaba, Dodola, Goba and Chole (Fig. 1; Suppl. material 5: table S1). Males have been heard calling both during the dry (April, June) and rainy seasons (July, August) and call both at night and during the day, for extended periods of time. Males call on the bank of streams or side pools, generally from holes in the ground, sometimes from the ground under low vegetation.</p><p>Advertisement call.</p><p>The call of  Leptopelis shebellensis sp. nov. is a very short rattle. It is composed of one or two identical notes at 704  ± 85 ms interval (Fig. 4A). When they are produced, two-note calls make up about half of the calls within a call bout. Each note is 57  ± 5 ms in duration and contains five pulses, emitted regularly with very short inter-pulse intervals (11  ± 2 ms). The relative position of the  note’s amplitude peak is variable amongst individuals and may be on the first pulse, in the middle of the note or the amplitude may be equivalent for each pulse. Within a call bout, calls are spaced by 8  ± 1 seconds. Call dominant frequency is 1,616  ± 265 Hz, with a band width of 974  ± 163 Hz.</p><p>The call of  Leptopelis shebellensis sp. nov. is distinguishable from the calls of  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens,  L. sp. Kibre Mengist and  L. rugosus by its higher pulse rate. It is further distinguished from the call of  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens and  L. sp. Kibre Mengist by its shorter note duration and narrower frequency band width and from  L. susanae by its longer note duration and lower pulse rate. Finally, it can be distinguished from the call of  L. rugosus by its greater number of pulses per note.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07AF3730BB605C0893F9A911DBAF0383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Goutte, Sandra;Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo;Kassie, Abeje;Boissinot, Stephane	Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo, Kassie, Abeje, Boissinot, Stephane (2022): Genetic and morphometric analyses of historical type specimens clarify the taxonomy of the Ethiopian Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Anura, Arthroleptidae). ZooKeys 1128: 63-97, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176
45DB2E04856C5F1B9153298EE20770DE.text	45DB2E04856C5F1B9153298EE20770DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptopelis xeniae Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, Kassie & Boissinot 2022	<div><p>Leptopelis xeniae Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, Kassie &amp; Boissinot sp. nov.</p><p>Common name.</p><p>English:  Xenia’s African treefrog.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. Adult male (SB183), collected on 18 April 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco east of Kibre Mengist (5.8782°N, 39.1330°E, 1832 m a.s.l.). Paratypes. One female (SB151) and two males (SB152, SB153), collected on 17 April 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco northwest of Kibre Mengist (5.9988°N, 38.8798°E, 2097 m a.s.l.), four males (SB167, SB168, SB169, SB170), collected on 17 April 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco northwest of Kibre Mengist (6.0093°N, 38.8576°E, 2105 m a.s.l.) and one male (SB184) collected on 18 April 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco east of Kibre Mengist (5.8782°N, 39.1330°E, 1832 m a.s.l.).</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>One female (SB197) and 12 males (SB186-SB196, SB206), collected on 19 April 2018 by S. Goutte and J. Reyes-Velasco southeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.8701&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.0226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.8701/lat 7.0226)">Kofele</a> (7.0226°N, 38.8701°E, 2,561 m a.s.l.)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small to medium-sized (male (n = 20) SVL 27.6  ± 2.0 mm, female (n = 2) SVL 43.5  ± 5.7 mm), robust arboreal species of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Fig. 8). It differs from other members of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex by the following combination of characters: (1) thin, elongated hind-limbs (male TL/SVL 0.36  ± 0.02, female TL/SVL 0.37  ± 0.03), (2) small metatarsal tubercle (male MTL/SVL 0.07  ± 0.01, female MTL/SVL 0.06  ± 0.00) (2) inter-orbital distance very short (male IOD/ED 0.88  ± 0.16, female IOD/ED 0.69  ± 0.12), (3) dorsal skin always smooth, except in females where it may be slightly rugose, (4) absence of yellow colouration on the ventrum or inner thighs.</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Smaller body size, narrower head than  L. rugosus,  L. shebellensis sp. nov. and  L. susanae (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9). Tympanum and metatarsal tubercle smaller than  L. rugosus and  L. shebellensis sp. nov. Interorbital distance shorter than  L. gramineus and  L. diffidens . Snout narrower than  L. gramineus,  L. rugosus and  L. shebellensis sp. nov. and more elongate (snout-nostril distance greater) than  L. gramineus and  L. diffidens . Hind-limbs and feet longer than in  L. gramineus,  L. rugosus and  L. shebellensis sp. nov. (Table 1, Suppl. material 5: table S9).</p><p>Description of the holotype.</p><p>Small-sized male (SVL 28.9 mm) adult (Fig. 8). Body robust. Head a third of body size in length, wider than long (HW/HL 1.16). Snout angular and narrow (IND/IOD 0.75). Nostril beyond half-way between the tip of the snout and the eye (NS/SL 0.56). Canthus rostralis well-marked and loreal region slightly concave. Pupil vertical. Tympanum clearly visible, and round, 0.71  × eye diameter. Fingers and toes thin and elongated with discs barely expanded, but distinct, ovoid. Finger formula: I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III. Hand free of webbing. Hind-limbs relatively long for the  L. gramineus species complex (TL/SVL 0.38 and THL/SVL 0.42 vs. TL/SVL &lt;0.37 and THL/SVL &lt;0.40 in other species of the  L. gramineus complex, except  L. susanae). Foot 1.2  × tibia length. Inner metatarsal tubercle present, oval in shape, 0.21  × foot length. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Toe formula: I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV. Foot webbing minimal. Skin of the dorsum and flanks smooth, ventrum rugose.</p><p>Colouration of the holotype in life.</p><p>Dorsal ground colour grey-brown with three dark, but very faint, wide bands; the central band forming a triangle pointing towards the snout and each eye and extending along the spine to about three-fourths of the dorsum (Fig. 8A). Two similarly-coloured symmetrical bands on each side, starting behind the shoulder and fading away at the same level as the dorsal stripe. A few small dark brown spots on the head and dorsum. Black canthal stripe from the tip of the snout extending above the tympanum and behind the shoulder on the left side and to a third of the abdomen on the right side. One large black blotch on the flank, in the continuation of the canthal stripe on each side. Tympanum light grey dusted with small black spots. Upper and lower lip light grey with small irregular black markings. Iris dark gold, lighter on the upper third, with heavy black reticulation. Flanks grey, yellow towards the thighs, with irregular black blotches. Ventrum and throat cream, reticulated with light grey on the chest. Limbs, hands and feet grey dusted with small black freckles. Back of the thighs dark brown with irregular bluish-grey and yellowish-grey markings.</p><p>Colouration of the holotype in preservative.</p><p>Dorsal ground colour grey with a few small irregular dark grey spots (Fig. 8B). The faint three-bands pattern formed by these small dark grey spots is almost completely undistinguishable. Hands, feet and limbs grey with a few irregular dark grey spots. Back of the thighs dark brown with irregular light grey blotches. Throat and ventrum cream with some light brown or grey dusting. Ventral side of the thighs cream. Ventral side of the hands, feet and tibiae heavily dusted with brown and with a few irregular white spots.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>As with other members of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex,  L. xeniae sp. nov. shows significant colour polymorphism. Dorsal colouration varies from light grey (with or without some light green) or light brown to bright or dark green with important level of dark pigmentation. Most individuals examined display a similar dorsal pattern composed of three bands, which can be barely distinguishable to well-marked. The canthal stripe may extend as a wide dark brown to black stripe on the flank to four-fifths of the abdomen or be replaced by large blotches of the same colour. Limbs are the same colouration as the dorsum, with variable number of small to medium brown or black markings. Upper lip may be cream, light grey or green, with variable size and number of irregular brown or black markings. Iris golden to dark golden. Tympanum dark brown or black either entirely or on its upper half, with the lower half being the same colour as the dorsum. Rarely, the tympanum is entirely the same colour as the dorsum. Lower lip cream mottled with brown or grey or with a continuous brown blotch. In one female (SB151), the lower lip was light green with a few brown markings. Ventrum and throat white, with small brown blotches on either or both in most individuals. Inner thighs white or lacking any pigmentation, except dark brown and yellow spots towards the knee in some individuals. Cream-coloured eggs visible through the thick ventral skin of the gravid female SB151. Dorsal skin smooth in all specimens examined, except in the female SB197, which had a slightly rugose dorsal skin.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Leptopelis xeniae sp. nov. is named after Xenia Freilich, who conducted her doctoral research on Ethiopian anurans, including the  Leptopelis gramineus complex.</p><p>Habitat, distribution and natural history.</p><p>Leptopelis xeniae sp. nov. is found in the forested areas around the towns of Kibre Mengist and Kofele, Oromia, Ethiopia (5.87-7.02°N, 38.80-39.13°E; Fig. 1, Suppl. material 5: table S1). The species occupies lower elevations than most other members of the  L. gramineus species complex (1,832-2,561 m a.s.l.). Males are found calling at night from the ground or from vegetation up to 60 cm high, close to slow-flowing streams or in flooded forest clearings. Reproductive biology is unknown beyond the calling behaviour and we have not encountered eggs or tadpoles.</p><p>Advertisement call.</p><p>As for other members of the  Leptopelis gramineus species complex, the call of  Leptopelis xeniae sp. nov. is a short rattle (Fig. 4D). It is composed of a single note of 175  ± 25 ms in duration, containing 7  ± 2 pulses, which are clearly distinct. Within a note, pulses are spaced by intervals of 30  ± 5 ms. These inter-pulse intervals may be of equal length throughout the note or shorter between the last pulses. Amplitude is highest for the first quarter to half of the note and decreases in its last quarter. Within a call bout, calls are spaced by 14  ± 7 seconds, often with an acceleration of call rate starting with one call every 22 seconds to one note every four seconds. Call dominant frequency is 2,231  ± 585 Hz, with an important band width (2,013  ± 573 Hz).</p><p>The call of  Leptopelis xeniae sp. nov. is distinguishable from the calls of  L. gramineus,  L. diffidens,  L. shebellensis sp. nov.,  L. rugosus and  L. susanae by its longer note and longer inter-pulse intervals (Fig. 4, Table 2). It is further distinguished from the call of  L. shebellensis sp. nov. and  L. rugosus by a greater number of pulses per note, a higher peak frequency and a wider frequency band width (Table 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45DB2E04856C5F1B9153298EE20770DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Goutte, Sandra;Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo;Kassie, Abeje;Boissinot, Stephane	Goutte, Sandra, Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo, Kassie, Abeje, Boissinot, Stephane (2022): Genetic and morphometric analyses of historical type specimens clarify the taxonomy of the Ethiopian Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Anura, Arthroleptidae). ZooKeys 1128: 63-97, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176
