taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D5A52CE57DFF885F47FD01FACCFC40.taxon	type_taxon	(type species: A. belgicum Wesmael, 1838).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57DFF885F47FD01FACCFC40.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Hecabolus sulcatus Curtis, 1834.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57DFF885F47FD01FACCFC40.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The main diagnostic characters that define the genus Hecabolus are an open first subdiscal cell, absence of vein r-m, antefurcal position of m-cu vein, and a distinctly wide hind femur (Tobias 1971, 1976; Marsh 2002). Other diagnostic features that have been proposed for Hecabolus are the hind coxa distinctly protruding forward and without a ventro-anterior tooth, and a deep and wide mesosternal suture (Belokobylskij & Tobias 1995). Composition Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. (NT); H. assis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. chrisaxeli sp. nov. (NT); H. costaricensis (NT); H. gavinbroadi sp. nov. (NT); H. julianoi Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. mexicanus (NT); H. robustus Zaldívar-Riverón & Sormus de Castro, 2013 (NT); H. semiaridus Sormus de Castro, Zaldívar-Riverón & Briceño, 2013 (NT); H shimborii Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. sulcatus (NA, PA); H. sulmatogrossensis Sormus de Castro & Zaldívar-Riverón, 2013 (NT); H. transversalis sp. nov. (NT).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57DFF885F47FD01FACCFC40.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts The type species, H. sulcatus, has been recorded to be an idiobiont ectoparasitoid of coleopteran larvae of the families Anobiidae Fleming, 1821 (Elliot & Morley 1911; Györfi 1941; Thompson 1953; Starý 1957; Hickin 1961; Tobias 1976; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; Zaldívar-Riverón & Belokobylskij 2009); Buprestidae Leach, 1815 (Halperin 1986); Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Kolubajiv 1962); Chrysomelidae Latreille, 1802 (Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986); Curculionidae Latreille, 1802 (Marshall 1897; Mantero 1904; de Gaulle 1907; Kleine 1909; Györfi 1943; Čapek 1960; Kolubajiv 1962; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; Hedqvist 1998); Lyctidae Billberg, 1820 (Donisthorpe 1940); and Ptinidae Latreille, 1802 (Rondani 1871; Marshall 1885; Mantero 1904; de Gaulle 1907; Elliot & Morley 1907, 1911; Rudow 1918; Leonardi 1926; Hellén 1927; Cotton & Good 1937; Telenga 1941; Thompson 1953; Stary 1957; Wegelius 1959; Tobias 1976; Čapek 1982; Belokobylskij & Tobias 1986; ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij 2009).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57DFF885F47FD01FACCFC40.taxon	distribution	Distribution Nearctic, Neotropical and Palaearctic regions.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 28 A 1 B 6 AA- 0 A 30 - 4392 - ADBF-FF 5 F 5 F 497 FE 7 Fig. 1	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. assis, H. robustus and H. sulcatus as all have a moderately short basal sternal plate of the first metasomal segment; and similar to H. shimborii and H. mexicanus in the narrow pterostigma, vertex at least partially striate, and lobes of the mesoscutum coriaceous. Hecabolus acutus sp. nov. can mainly be distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having the distinctly lateral pointed edges of the median mesonotal lobe above the notauli (Fig. 1 A, D) (absent in the remaining species); prescutellar depression with 10 – 12 carinae (12 carinae in H. semiaridus and 3 – 8 carinae in the remaining species), and the second and remaining metasomal tergites entirely smooth and polished (at least basal part of the second tergite sculptured in the remaining species).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet comes from the Latin word ‘ acutus ’, in reference to the antero-lateral pointed edges of the middle mesoscutal lobe above the notauli.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; 27 Oct. 1956; F. Plaumann leg.; B. M. 1957 – 341; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 24 Mar. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 20 Oct. 1956; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 22 Oct. 1956; CNIN-IBUNAM • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; Oct. 1956; NHMUK • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CNIN-IBUNAM.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	description	Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.8 – 2.7 mm; fore wing length 1.5 – 2.1 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.2 – 2.2 mm. HEAD (Fig. 1 B). Width 1.3 – 1.5 × median length (dorsal view), 0.9 – 1.0 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex. Transverse diameter of eye 1.9 – 2.0 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in a sub-equilateral triangle; POL 0.9 – 1.1 × Od, 0.3 – 0.5 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, height 1.1 – 1.3 × its maximum width. Malar space 0.7 – 0.9 × height of eye, 0.5 – 0.7 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.3 – 1.5 × height of eye, and 1.0 – 1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with no distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and nearly round, its length 0.8 – 1.1 × its maximum width. Occipital carina wide, complete, not joined with hypostomal carina below. Hypostomal flange wide. Antennae with 12 – 13 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.1 – 2.2 × as long as its maximum width, widened medio-apically. First flagellomere straight, not widened medially, 3.5 – 3.8 × as long as its maximum width; 0.9 – 1.0 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 1 C – D). Length 1.8 – 2.0 × its height. Pronotum rather short, dorsally convex, without distinct transverse pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.8 – 1.0 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, with pointed antero-lateral projection-like edges above both notauli; without anterolateral corners. Notauli narrow, more or less shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and slightly rugose posteriorly. Prescutellar depression considerably long and shallow, with 10 – 12 transverse carinae, 1.0 – 1.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with no lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus rather shallow and straight, running along anterior half of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe short and narrow. Propodeum without lateral tubercles or projections. WINGS (Fig. 1 E – F). Fore wing 3.3 – 3.6 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma narrow, 3.7 – 3.9 × as long as wide. Vein r arising shortly before the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 3.2 – 3.5 × maximum width. Vein R 1 1.5 – 1.8 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 1.1 – 1.3 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RS slightly curved towards apical margin of wing, almost straight; 6.8 – 7.2 × as long as vein r, 7.8 – 9.4 × as long as vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 0.7 – 0.9 × as long as vein r, and 1.0 – 1.6 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu slightly antefurcal to vein 2 RS; vein RS + Mb considerably short. Vein (RS + M) a slightly curved distally. First discal cell moderately long, 1.9 – 2.3 × as long as wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly, almost parallel. Vein 1 M 1.2 – 1.5 × as long as vein 1 RS, 2.5 – 3.3 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein M + CU moderately curved medially. Vein 1 cu-a absent; subdiscal cell open basally joining subbasal cell, considerably long and narrow. Vein 1 - 1 A considerably long, reaching the middle of vein 1 CU. Vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU. Vein 2 M not sclerotized, reaching apical margin of wing, 0.9 – 1.1 × as long as vein 3 RS. Hind wing 5.0 – 5.3 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C + Sc + R moderately long, 2.5 – 3.2 × length of vein SC + R, vein SC + R rather short, unsclerotized, apically in line with vein 2 M. Basal cell considerably narrow and long, its length 7.5 – 8.3 × its maximum width, 0.2 – 0.3 × length of wing. Vein M + CU long. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.3 – 0.5 × length of vein R. Vein m-cu absent. Vein RS almost absent. Vein 2 M long, 0.2 – 0.4 × length of hind wing, almost reaching the margin of the wing. LEGS (Fig. 1 A). Fore tibia with a narrow row of slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventroanterior corner, 1.3 – 1.7 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.9 – 3.3 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.8 – 1.0 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus 0.7 – 1.0 × as long as second – fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.2 – 0.3 × length of basitarsus, 0.6 – 1.0 × the length of the fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 1 G). Metasoma 0.8 – 1.1 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately short, 0.3 – 0.4 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope. Maximum width of first tergite 1.8 – 2.2 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 0.8 – 1.0 × its apical width, 0.9 – 1.2 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.9 – 1.1 × its basal width, 1.5 – 1.8 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 1.0 – 1.4 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.4 – 1.8 × as long as metasoma, 2.0 – 2.4 × as long as mesosoma, 0.7 – 0.9 × length of the body, 0.9 – 1.1 × length of the fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex finely aciculate, sometimes smooth in posterior half; frons striate, sometimes smooth, without emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face rugose near antennal sockets, striate above clypeus; malar space and temple striate to slightly striate, almost smooth. Sides of pronotum smooth in upper half and transversely striate in lower half; propleuron striate. Median lobe of mesoscutum coriaceous anteriorly and smooth posteriorly; lateral lobes smooth. Scutellum smooth. Metanotum distinctly rugose. Mesopleuron smooth in anterior half, rugose in posterior half; precoxal sulcus slightly scrobiculate. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely rugose. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with central carina. Hind coxae striate dorsally, slightly rugose laterally and ventrally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with a medial striate area delimitated by distinct lateral carinae; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very scarce and short setae; face with dense and erect long setae. Scape and flagellomeres with dense short semi-erect setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum scarcely with short and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum laterally with scarce long and erect setae. Wings with dense short setae, especially on posterior margins. Hind coxae laterally with dense semi-erect long setae. Hind femur with scarce short setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. First tergite laterally with scarce short and erect setae. Pygidium and hypopygium with scarce long pale setae. COLOUR. Mesosoma dark brown, anterior and posterior thirds of metasoma brown to dark brown, its middle third with light brown areas. Head brown; vertex, and frons dark brown. Basal flagellomeres and scape light brown to honey yellow, apical flagellomeres dark brown. Palpi light brown to pale yellow. Hind legs: coxa brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; femur brown; tibiae light brown in basal half, golden to brown in apical half; tarsus yellow to light brown, tarsal claw brown. Fore and hind wings entirely hyaline; pterostigma light brown. Male Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	distribution	Distribution All specimens, including the holotype, were collected in Nova Teutonia region in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE57BFF8B5F58FC56FE82F9C7.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 435 E 2 C 4 D-E 1 BE- 4740 - B 41 C- 152570 AE 1 C 11 Fig. 2	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hecabolus chrisaxeli sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis by having mesoscutal lobes coriaceous, forewing with wide pterostigma, and mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate on posterior third. It can be morphologically distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having the second metasomal tergite with two distinctively striate subparallel anterior depressions (without subparallel anterior depressions in the remaining species); hindwing with r-m very short (medium in the remaining species), and veins RS and cu-a weakly defined, almost spectral (absent in the remaining species).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet of this species is dedicated to the first author’s life partner.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Nova Teutonia; 9 Nov. 1941; F. Plaumann leg.; B. M. 1957 – 341; DNA voucher no. CNIN 4369; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 3 Apr. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 9 Apr. 1941; NHMUK • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 10 Apr. 1941; CNINIBUNAM • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 12 Apr. 1941; CNIN-IBUNAM.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	description	Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 3.6 – 4.3 mm; fore wing length 2.2 – 2.9 mm; ovipositor length 3.1 – 4.2 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2 B). Width 1.4 – 1.6 × median length (dorsal view), 1.4 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 0.9 – 1.0 × as long as temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in an equilateral triangle; POL 0.1 × Od, 0.5 – 0.6 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, with a distinct emargination opposite antennal sockets, 1.1 – 1.2 × as high as broad. Malar space 0.5 – 0.6 × height of eye, 1.0 – 1.1 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 1.4 – 1.5 × height of eye and 1.1 – 1.2 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and elliptical, 0.3 – 0.4 × as long as wide. Occipital carina wide, complete, ventrally joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antennae with 16 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.5 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere slightly curved, slightly widened medially, 2.5 as long as its maximum width; 0.9 – 1.0 × as long as second flagellomere; the last flagellomere pointed apically. MESOSOMA (Fig. 2 C – D). Length of mesosoma 2.1 – 2.2 × its height. Pronotum short, dorsally weakly convex, without distinct submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 2.5 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum shortly protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression rather shallow, long, with 7 – 8 carinae, 0.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with fine lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct, rather shallow, distinctly crenulate anteriorly and striate posteriorly, running along 0.6 – 0.7 of lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth blunt, almost indistinct. Metapleural lobe long and narrow, rounded apically. Propodeum with very small and blunt lateral tubercles. WINGS (Fig. 2 E – F). Fore wing 3.5 – 3.6 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma 3.0 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.6 – 2.7 × maximum width. Vein R 1 1.5 – 1.6 as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.9 – 1.0 × as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved towards posterior margin of wing, 5.3 – 5.4 × as long as vein r, 2.6 – 2.7 × as long as vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 2.0 × as long as vein r and 3.0 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS + M) a slightly curved medially. First discal cell long, 2.0 – 2.5 × as long as wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu parallel. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein 1 M 1.7 – 1.8 × as long as vein 1 RS, 1.8 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a short and straight, vein 1 M 3.5 × cu-a length. Vein M + CU distinctly sinuate. Vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 4.6 – 4.7 × as long as wide. Vein C + Sc + R 1.6 – 1.7 × as long as than Sc + R. Vein r-m very short, almost indistinguishable. Basal cell considerably narrow, its length 15.0 – 16.0 × its maximum width, 0.2 – 0.3 × length of wing. Vein M + CU 0.8 – 0.9 × as long as vein 1 M. Vein cu-a poorly defined, almost spectral. Vein m-cu unsclerotized, almost straight, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Vein RS poorly defined, almost spectral. Vein 2 M unsclerotized, slightly curved anteriorly, almost straight towards apex of wing. LEGS (Fig. 2 A, C). Fore tibia with few slender spines arranged in a narrow row. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.5 – 1.6 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.8 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.8 × as long as second – fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.3 – 0.4 × as long as basitarsus, 1.0 – 1.1 × as long as fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 2 G). Metasoma 1.2 – 1.3 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately long, 0.4 – 0.5 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope, with small spiracle in basal 0.3. Maximum width of first tergite 3.5 × its minimum width; length equal to its apical width, 1.4 – 1.6 × length of propodeum. Second tergite with wide and shallow lateral subparallel depressions (furrows) not delineated by carinae. Median length of second tergite 1.3 × its basal width, 1.5 – 1.6 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 1.1 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.5 – 1.6 × as long as metasoma, 0.8 – 0.9 × as long as mesosoma, 1.2 – 1.3 × as long as body, 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex finely striate posteriorly, smooth medially; frons smooth below ocelli, emargination opposite antennal sockets densely rugose. Face entirely, distinctly, and densely rugose; densely striate near malar space below eyes; temple smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum distinctly longitudinally striate in upper half and transversely striate in lower half. Mesoscutum densely and finely coriaceous, lateral lobes finely coriaceous. Scutellum entirely smooth. Mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate in upper third; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely reticulate-striate. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, without areas delineated by carinae. Hind coxae smooth medially, slightly striate dorsally, and slightly rugose ventrally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture medially; second metasomal tergite with short lateral subparallel depressions densely and longitudinally striate, its remaining area smooth and polished; remaining metasomal tergites smooth and polished. Vertex with very sparse and short setae; frons with dense long setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum scarcely with long and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum almost glabrous. Both wings with dense short setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxae with scarce semi-erect setae. Hind femur with scarce setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense setae; tarsus with short and very dense setae. Metasoma glabrous, hypopygium apically with scarce, more or less long pale setae. COLOUR. Body brown or dark reddish brown, anterior half of metasoma dark reddish brown. Antenna brown to light brown. Palpi light brown or almost yellow. Legs brown or light brown, hind coxa dark, hind tibiae yellowish or pale in basal third. Fore wing infuscate basally, hyaline in apical third; pterostigma dark brown. Hind wing entirely hyaline. Male Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	distribution	Distribution The locality of the six specimens, including holotype, is Nova Teutonia in the state of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE578FF865F43F9D4FE82F807.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 5 EE 0 C 8 E- 4966 - 4065 - B 8 AD-A 1 FE 30854430 Figs 3 – 4	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hecabolus gavinbroadi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis and H. transversalis as they have a wide pterostigma; however, it can be distinguished from the latter species by having lateral blunt tubercles on the propodeum (tubercles absent in H. costaricesis and H. transversalis). Moreover, it can be distinguished from the remaining species of the genus by the combination of its smooth vertex and mesoscutal lobes strongly and densely coriaceous (vertex and mesoscutal lobes smooth in H. semiaridus and H. sulamtogrossensis, vertex partially striate and mesoscutal lobes coriaceous in all the remaining species).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named in honour to the principal curator in charge of the insect collection of the Natural History Museum, London, UK, who kindly lent us the entomological material for morphological examination.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Mato Grosso, Rio Caraguata; 4 Apr. 1953; F. Plaumann leg., B. M. 1957 – 341; NHMUK. Paratypes BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; Mar. 1953; CNIN-IBUNAM. – Nova Teutonia • 2 ♂♂; 9 Apr. 1941; F. Plaumann leg; B. M. 1957 – 341; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Apr. 1941; CNIN-IBUNAM.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	description	Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.8 – 2.2 mm; fore wing length 1.3 – 1.4 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.8 – 2.3 mm. HEAD (Fig. 3 B). Head width 1.3 – 1.4 × median length (dorsal view), 1.2 – 1.3 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 1.2 – 1.3 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in a subequilateral triangle; POL 1.0 – 1.3 × Od, 0.3 – 0.4 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, its height 0.6 – 0.7 × its maximum width. Malar space 1.0 – 1.1 × height of eye, 0.6 – 0.7 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 2.0 – 2.2 × height of eye, and 1.0 – 1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and round, as long as its width. Occipital carina complete, joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antenna with 12 – 14 flagellomeres. Scapus 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere slightly curved medially, not widened, 2.2 – 2.3 × as long as its maximum width; 0.8 – 0.9 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 3 C – D). Length of mesosoma 2.0 – 2.3 × its height. Pronotum rather short, dorsally convex, without distinct submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.7 – 0.8 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, more or less shallow, scrobiculate anteriorly and striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression moderately shallow, long, with 8 carinae, 1.3 – 1.4 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and with no lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct (lateral view), more or less shallow, crenulate anteriorly and rugose posteriorly, incomplete, running along anterior half of lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe relatively short but wide, slightly curved apically. Propodeum with lateral small, blunt tubercles. WINGS (Fig. 3 E). Fore wing 3.3 – 3.5 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma wide, 2.5 – 3.0 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in the middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.7 – 3.0 × maximum width. Vein R 1 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.5 – 0.6 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa straight, reaching apical margin of wing, 7.5 – 8.0 × as long as vein r, 2.9 – 3.2 × as long as vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 2.3 – 2.8 × as long as vein r, and 2.0 – 2.8 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS + M) a slightly curved medially, almost straight. First discal cell considerably short, 1.8 – 2.0 × as long as wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a postfurcal to vein 1 M. Vein 1 M 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as vein 1 RS, 2.0 – 2.1 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a rather short and straight, vein 1 M 3.3 – 5.0 × cu-a length. Vein M + CU slightly sinuate. Vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU; vein 2 M short, not reaching apical margin of wing, 0.5 – 0.6 × vein 3 RS. Hind wing 5.2 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C + Sc + R long, vein SC + R absent. Basal cell long and narrow, its length 5.0 × its maximum width, 0.3 – 0.4 × length of wing. Vein M + CU and 1 M long. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.2 × length of Vein R. Vein m-cu absent. Vein RS absent. Vein 2 M unsclerotized, spectral, slightly curved anteriorly, straight posteriorly, almost reaching the margin of the wing; vein 1 A present, considerably short, 0.1 × length of veins M + CU and 1 M combined. LEGS (Fig. 3 A). Fore tibia with a narrow row of slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in a ventro-anterior corner, 1.2 – 1.5 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur considerably wide, 2.0 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide, 1.2 – 1.3 × length of hind femur. Hind tarsus 1.0 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.4 × as long as second – fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 0.6 × length of basitarsus, equal to length of the fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 3 F). 0.9 – 1.0 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate distinctly long, 0.5 – 0.7 × as long as first tergite; with distinct dorsope and laterope. Maximum width of first tergite 2.5 – 3.0 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 1.0 – 1.3 × its apical width, 1.0 – 1.3 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without basal depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.9 – 1.0 × its basal width, 1.0 – 1.1 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.9 – 1.1 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 2.1 – 2.3 × as long as metasoma, 2.9 – 3.0 × as long as mesosoma, 1.0 × as long as the body, 1.4 – 1.6 × length of the fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex smooth, sometimes slightly striate posteriorly; frons rugose below ocelli with shallow emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face distinctly, and densely striate near antennal sockets and above clypeus; malar space smooth; temple entirely smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum entirely striate longitudinally; propleuron rugose. Lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum densely and distinctively coriaceous. Scutellum smooth, scutellar sulcus striate. Mesopleuron almost entirely smooth, longitudinally striate in upper anterior corner; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely rugose, with a small smooth area anteriorly. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with a middle carina. Hind coxae slightly striate dorsally, distinctively striate laterally. Hind femur smooth. First and second metasomal tergites densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculpture; third metasomal tergite slightly acinose basally; remaining tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very scarce and short setae; face with dense setae. Pronotum and mesosctutum with scarce short setae. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with scarce setae. Wings with dense short to medium setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxae with scarce semi-erect setae. Hind femur with sparse setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. Last tergites with very sparse pale setae. COLOUR. Head, metasoma and mesosoma brown to dark brown. Antenna brown; scape light brown. Palpi light brown to almost honey yellow. Legs brown; hind coxa light brown to brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; hind femur brown; hind tibia brown, its basal quarter yellowish; tarsus light brown, tarsal claw dark brown. Fore and hind wings entirely hyaline, pterostigma brown. Male Larger than female (Fig. 4 A). Body length 2.1 – 3.0 mm; fore wing length 1.5 – 2.1 mm. Basal sternal plate of first metasomal segment 0.4 – 0.5 × as long as first tergite. Hind femur 3.0 – 4.0 × as long as its maximum width. Fore wing with moderately wide pterostigma, 2.5 – 3.0 × its maximum width (Fig. 4 E). Hind wing without stigma-like enlargement, with short r-m, veins RS and m-cu absent; vein 2 M not sclerotized, spectral. Both wings with a line of medium-size setae along the margins. Vertex entirely smooth (Fig. 4 D). Second metasomal tergite striate in anterior two thirds, with irregular striation in posterior third (Fig. 4 F). Body colour dark brown (Fig. 4 C – D); antenna brown; all coxae, femora, and tibiae dark brown, trochanters and tarsi brown; tarsal claws brown to dark brown. Forewing hyaline, with an infuscate band in basal half and another infuscate band under pterostigma (Fig. 4 E).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution Specimens of this species were recorded from Rio Caraguata in the state of Mato Grosso, and in Nova Teutonia in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE574FF835F7EFE8EFE82FCB1.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 A 7 DFE 27 - FA 2 B- 42 D 6 - B 15 D-EBF 92 BC 3 C 35 D Fig. 5	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hecabolus transversalis sp. nov. is morphologically similar to H. costaricensis and H. gavinbroadi as they have a wide pterostigma; and to H. mexicanus and H shimborii by the coriaceous lateral mesoscutal lobes. In addition, it is morphologically similar to H. assis, H. robustus, H. semiaridus, and H. sulmatogrossensis by the presence of a median and lateral longitudinal carinae on the propodeum. However, it can be morphologically distinguished from the remaining species of Hecabolus by having a transversely striate anterior area on the second metasomal tergite (smooth or not transversely striate in the remaining species), middle mesoscutal lobe strongly coriaceous to rugose (coriaceous or smooth in the remaining species); and vein 2 M almost spectral (well defined in the remaining species).	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet of this species comes from the Latin word ‘ transversalis ’, in reference to the distinctive transverse anterior striation on the second metasomal tergite.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♀; Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia; 27 ° 11 ′ S, 52 ° 23 ′ W; 17 Jun. 1937; Fritz Plaumann leg; B. M. 1937 – 656; NHMUK. Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso, Rio Caraguata; 4 Apr. 1953; F. Plaumann leg; B. M. 1957 – 341; CNINIBUNAM.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	description	Description Female MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.9 – 3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.1 – 2.3 mm; ovipositor and sheaths length 1.7 – 2.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 5 B). Width 0.8 – 0.9 × median length (dorsal view), 0.8 – 0.9 × width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anterior half, and weakly, roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 0.5 – 0.7 × length of temple. Ocelli rather small, arranged in an equilateral triangle; POL 1.0 – 1.3 × Od, 1.0 – 1.6 × OOL. Eyes glabrous, height 1.2 – 1.4 × its maximum width. Malar space 2.0 × height of eye, 0.3 – 0.5 × basal width of mandible. Face convex, its width 0.3 × height of eye and 0.5 × height of face and clypeus combined. Malar suture absent. Clypeus high, with a distinct lower flange. Hypoclypeal depression small and nearly round, as long as its width. Occipital carina wide, complete, not joined with hypostomal carina. Hypostomal flange wide. Antenna with at least 9 flagellomeres (antennae incomplete). Scapus 1.5 × as long as its maximum width. First flagellomere straight, not widened medially, 3.5 × as long as its maximum width; 1.0 × as long as second flagellomere. MESOSOMA (Fig. 5 C – D). Length of mesosoma 2.0 – 2.2 × its height. Pronotum short, dorsally convex, without submedian pronotal carina. Mesoscutum (lateral view) highly and roundly elevated above pronotum; its length (dorsal view) 0.4 – 0.5 × maximum width. Median lobe of mesoscutum protruding forward, without anterolateral corners. Notauli wide, more or less deep, scrobiculate anteriorly and slightly striate posteriorly. Prescutellar depression moderately shallow, long, with 6 – 7 carinae, 0.7 × as long as scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and without lateral carinae. Precoxal sulcus distinct (lateral view), more or less deep, distinctly crenulate anteriorly and slightly striate posteriorly, complete along lower length of mesopleuron. Metanotal tooth absent. Metapleural lobe relatively short but wide, rounded apically. Propodeum without lateral tubercles or projections. WINGS (Fig. 5 E – F). Fore wing 3.3 – 3.5 × as long as its maximum width. Pterostigma 2.9 – 3.3 × as long as wide. Vein r arising in middle of pterostigma. Marginal cell long, its length 2.9 – 3.0 × maximum width. Vein R 1 1.2 – 1.5 × as long as pterostigma. Vein r 0.7 – 0.8 × maximum width of pterostigma. Vein 3 RSa slightly curved towards apical margin of wing, 6.0 – 7.0 × as long as vein r, 2.8 – 3.0 × as long as vein 2 RS. Vein 2 RS 2.0 – 2.5 × as long as vein r, and 2.0 – 2.5 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein m-cu interstitial to vein 2 RS. Vein (RS + M) a slightly sinuate. First discal cell considerably long, 1.5 × as long as wide. Veins 1 M and m-cu slightly divergent posteriorly. Vein cu-a interstitial to vein 1 M. Vein 1 M 1.0 – 1.1 × as long as vein 1 RS, 1.8 – 2.0 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein cu-a short and straight, vein 1 M 3.6 – 4.0 × as long as vein cu-a. Vein M + CU slightly sinuate. Vein 2 CU interstitial to vein 1 CU. Hind wing 4.8 – 6.0 × as long as its maximum width. Vein C + Sc + R 1.0 – 1.5 × as long as vein SC + R. Basal cell greatly narrow and long, its length 8.8 – 11.4 × its maximum width, 0.3 – 0.4 × length of wing. Vein M + CU short, 0.7 – 0.8 × the length of vein 1 M. Vein cu-a absent. Vein r-m short, 0.5 × length of vein R. Vein m-cu unsclerotized, poorly defined, almost straight, weakly oblique toward base of wing. Vein RS absent. Vein 2 M unsclerotized, poorly defined, very slightly curved anteriorly, almost reaching margin of wing. LEGS (Fig. 5 A, G). Fore tibia with a narrow row of few slender spines. Hind coxa protruding forwards in ventro-anterior corner, 1.2 – 1.3 × as long as maximum width. Hind femur moderately wide, 2.0 – 2.5 × as long as its maximum width. Hind tibia slightly wide. Hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia. Basitarsus about 0.7 × as long as second – fifth segments combined. Second segment of hind tarsus 2.3 × length of basitarsus, 0.2 × the length of fifth segment (without pretarsus). METASOMA (Fig. 5 G). 1.0 – 1.1 × as long as head and mesosoma combined. First segment with basal sternal plate moderately long, 0.5 – 0.6 × as long as first tergite; without distinct dorsope, with small spiracle in anterior half. Maximum width of first tergite 2.7 – 3.0 × its minimum width; length of first tergite 1.3 – 1.5 × its apical width, 1.5 – 1.7 × length of propodeum. Second tergite without depressions (furrows) nor carinae. Median length of second tergite 0.8 – 1.3 × its basal width, 1.8 – 2.0 × length of third tergite. Combined length of second and third tergites 0.7 – 0.8 × their maximum width. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as metasoma, 1.6 – 1.8 × as long as mesosoma, 0.7 – 0.8 × length of body, 0.8 – 0.9 × length of fore wing. SCULPTURE AND PUBESCENCE. Vertex entirely striate; frons striate below ocelli with shallow rugose emargination opposite antennal sockets. Face distinctly and densely rugose near antennal sockets, densely striate above clypeus; malar space smooth; temple entirely smooth and polished. Sides of pronotum slightly striate longitudinally in upper half and transversely striate in lower half; propleuron distinctly striate. Mesoscutum densely and strongly coriaceous, almost rugose, lateral lobes densely coriaceous. Scutellum smooth. Metanotum transversely striate. Mesopleuron smooth, longitudinally striate in upper anterior third; precoxal sulcus scrobiculate anteriorly, striate posteriorly. Metapleuron entirely and coarsely reticulate to rugose. Propodeum entirely and densely rugose with dense rugulose microsculpture, with central and lateral incomplete carinae. Hind coxa distinctly striate dorsally, smooth laterally. Hind femur smooth. First metasomal tergite densely and longitudinally striate with rugose microsculptureanteriorly; second metasomal tergite with a transversely striate area in anterior half, remaining area smooth and polished; remaining metasomal tergites smooth and polished. Vertex and frons with very sparse short setae; face with dense setae. Pronotum and mesoscutum with sparse, long, and pale setae, with narrow median glabrous areas on lateral lobes. Mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum with sparse setae laterally. Wings with dense short to medium setae, especially on wing margins. Hind coxa with sparse semi-erect setae. Hind femur with sparse setae. Hind tibia dorsally and laterally with dense short setae; tarsus with short and very fine setae. Metasoma with very sparse pale setae. COLOUR. Body brown to dark brown, anterior half of metasoma dark reddish brown. Head brown. Antenna light brown. Palpi light brown to almost honey yellow. Legs brown; hind coxa reddish brown; trochanter and trochantellus light brown; hind femur brown; hind tibia brown, light brown in basal third; tarsus light brown, tarsal claw brown. Fore wing hyaline, slightly infuscate below pterostigma; pterostigma dark brown. Hind wing entirely hyaline. Male Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	distribution	Distribution Specimens of this species were collected in Rio Caraguata in the state of Mato Grosso, and Nova Teutonia in state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE570FF9E5F73FC26FE82FA7C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE56DFF995C84FA6BFE82FAD7.taxon	description	Figs 6 – 7	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE56DFF995C84FA6BFE82FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined MEXICO – Jalisco • 1 ♀; Chamela Biological Station, Calandria road, near laboratory; 19.50501 ° N, 105.03791 ° W; alt. 34 m; 16 – 17 Jun. 2017; Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón and Hans Clebsch leg.; UVLT (3) [Ultraviolet light 3], selva baja caducifolia [dry forest]; DNA voucher no. CNIN 4388; CNINIBUNAM • 1 ♀; Chamela Biological Station; 19.4986 ° N, 105.04411 ° W; alt. 122 m; 10 Aug. 2010; Zaldívar, Salinas and García leg.; light tramp, selva baja caducifolia; BOLD ASDOR: 859; Cham- 70; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♂; Chamela Biological Station, 50 m from lab; 19.49923 ° N, 105.04388 ° W; alt. 101 m; 9 – 10 Aug. 2010; A. Zaldívar, V. Salinas, Mario-García and Vladimir de Jesús leg.; light trap, selva baja caducifolia; Cham- 68; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♂; Chamela Biological Station, Calandria road; 19.50485 – 19.50369 ° N, 105.03786 – 05.03642 ° W; alt. 45 – 62 m; 23 Feb. 2010; Alejandro Zaldívar leg.; sweep net, selva baja caducifolia; BOLD ASDOR: 609; Cham- 51; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; San Buenaventura; 19 ° 47.61 ′ N, 104 ° 03.32 ′ W; alt. 720 m; 2 – 7 Dec. 1996; V. H. Toledo, M. E. Guardado, A. Soria, S. Zaragoza and L. F. Novelo leg.; Malaise trap 5; CNIN-IBUNAM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 30 Apr. – 4 May. 1997; F. A. Noguera, M. E. Guardado, A. Soria, C. A. Uribe, A. Rodríguez, S. Zaragoza, E. Ramírez and L. F. Novelo leg.; Malaise trap 3; CNIN-IBUNAM. – Mexico City • 3 ♀♀; Federal District; “ Hecabolus sp. Det. José A. Sánchez G., [19] 98 ”; CNIN-IBUNAM.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE56DFF995C84FA6BFE82FAD7.taxon	description	Variation Females (Fig. 6 A – F) Body length 3.2 – 5.3 mm. Fore wing length 1.9 – 3.2 mm. Ovipositor length 2.7 – 5.2 mm, 1.3 – 2.3 × as long as metasoma. Vertex very finely striate to smooth medially, sometimes entirely smooth. Frons distinctly, weakly-curvedly, and transversely striate near ocelli, with a rugose shallow depression near antennal sockets. Face transversely striate to rugose. Antenna more or less thickened, weakly setiform, with 21 – 22 flagellomeres. Scapus more or less narrow and long, sometimes slightly curved, 1.8 – 2.0 × as long as its maximum width; last flagellomere pointed apically, 0.5 – 0.7 × length of scapus. Mesopleuron smooth in lower 0.6, coarsely longitudinally striate in upper 0.4, finely and densely striate in posterior lower corner, sometimes very finely coriaceous near precoxal furrow. Vein m-cu of the hind wing almost straight, weakly oblique towards base of wing and unsclerotized, sometimes very poorly defined, almost spectral. Hind coxa dorsally and ventrally striate, smooth medially, inner lateral part completely striate; coxa sometimes completely striate. Hind femur wide, 2.0 – 2.5 × as long as its maximum width. Basal sternal plate 0.4 – 0.6 × as long as first metasomal segment. First tergite entirely, densely, and longitudinally striate, without areas delimited by carinae. Second tergite entirely, and third in anterior 0.1 – 0.3 very densely longitudinally striate, remaining area of third tergite smooth. Remaining tergites smooth, sometimes very finely coriaceous. Ovipositor sheaths slender, 1.3 – 2.0 × as long as metasoma, 0.8 – 1.0 × as long as body, 1.3 – 1.8 × as long as fore wing. Body black to dark brown, sometimes light brown. Metasomal tergites sometimes completely black or dark brown; in one specimen almost all tergites light brown but apical two tergites dark brown; in two specimens first two tergites completely and anterior half of third tergite dark brown, remaining tergites light brown; in one specimen anterior part of first tergite dark brown, posterior 0.3 light brown to honey-yellow, remaining tergites honey yellow. Head black, sometimes dark brown. Antenna brown, sometimes light brown. Mandibles dark brown to brown to light brown, sclerotized apically. Palpi yellow to pale yellow. Fore and middle coxae and femora light brown; trochanters, tibiae and tarsi honey yellow; hind coxa dark brown, hind femur brown to dark brown ventrally, trochanter and tarsi light brown; legs sometimes completely brown to dark brown; in one specimen fore coxa and fore femur honey yellow, middle and hind coxae and femora brown to dark brown, all trochanters, tibiae and most tarsi light yellow to pale yellow, tarsal claw dark brown to black. Fore and hind wings hyaline, sometimes fore wing faintly infuscate. Pterostigma brown to dark brown. Male (Fig. 7 A – D) Smaller than female. Body length 4.5 – 4.6 mm; fore wing length 2.9 – 3.0 mm. Antennae with more than 14 flagellomeres (apical segments missing); basal segments honey yellow to brown, apical segments brown to dark brown. Basal sternal plate 0.3 – 0.4 × as long as first segment. Hind femur 2.3 × as long as its maximum width. Fore wing pterostigma with thick, long, and very dense setae, sometimes with few, short, semierect setae; hind wing without stigma-like enlargement. Hind wing with rather short r-m, without vein RS; veins 2 M, m-cu, and cu-a not sclerotized, very weakly defined. Both wings with a line of setae along margins. Body colour dark brown to black; all coxae and femora brown, tibiae light brown, trochanters, and tarsi light brown to honey yellow; tarsal claws brown to dark brown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE56DFF995C84FA6BFE82FAD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution The precise geographic records of this species are presented here for the first time, which include localities in the state of Jalisco and Mexico City in central Mexico.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
03D5A52CE56DFF995C84FA6BFE82FAD7.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Castañeda-Osorio, Rubén, Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro (2022): Four new species of Hecabolus Curtis, 1834 (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from south and southwestern Brazil, with notes on the morphological variation and geographic distribution of H. mexicanus ZaldívarRiverón & Belokobylskij, 2009. European Journal of Taxonomy 846: 126-151, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.846.1971
