identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038687EE4F29FF8EFF5B5D8AFB90FEB4.text	038687EE4F29FF8EFF5B5D8AFB90FEB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelocephalapion nodicorne (Sharp 1890)	<div><p>Coelocephalapion nodicorne species-group</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species of the C. nodicorne species-group differ from other Coelocephalapion species groups by the following combination of characters: vestiture of elytra usually with distinctive spot of denser scales along the sutural interval (postscutellar) and/or on base of interval 3, or median discal spot of darker scales; legs usually pale; sexual dimorphism of rostrum marked; dorsal margin of scrobe produced into an acute dentiform process; antenna with segments comparatively stout; head with large and prominent eyes, frons narrow, as wide or wider than prorostrum; subocular lateral ridges developed and not extending to posterior margin of the eyes; elytral striae at apex joining 1+9, 2, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8 (1+2+ 9 in C. iteratum and C. metum); interstriae 9 with one specialized seta in apical half, rarely two; median lobe (penis) slender, apex slightly bulbous, in dorsal view sides more or less expanded at base and orifice; penal apodemes moderately short; internal sac with four rows of fine teeth near orifice; tegminal plate produced laterally to membranous union with basal piece, lacking lobes and setae; fenestral sector unmarked, basal median area with more or less distinct low carina (Kissinger 1968, 2005).</p> <p>The species of this group are associated with Euphorbiaceae (Kissinger 2005).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687EE4F29FF8EFF5B5D8AFB90FEB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De;Anderson, Robert S.	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Anderson, Robert S. (2022): Two new Brazilian species in the Coelocephalapion nodicorne species-group (Brentidae, Apioninae, Apionini, Oxystomatina) associated with Euphorbiaceae. Zootaxa 5205 (3): 220-230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.3.2
038687EE4F2AFF89FF5B5AFAFCB2FB38.text	038687EE4F2AFF89FF5B5AFAFCB2FB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelocephalapion paleariae De Sousa & Anderson 2022	<div><p>Coelocephalapion paleariae De Sousa &amp; Anderson sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–14)</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species differs from other C. nodicorne group species by the frons medially slightly sulcate; subocular lateral ridges ending on a U-shaped margin; prescutellar fovea sulciform, slightly depressed, not exceeding the basal half of pronotal disc; elytral sutural interval without postscutellar spot of denser scales (Figs. 1–4).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Measurements (in mm): male holotype: Total length: 1.77: Rostrum: length: 0.60; width at apex: 0.06; mesorostral width: 0.16. Head: length: 0.25, width: 0.16. Distance from eye to antennal insertion: 0.10. Antennae (length × width): scape: 0.09 × 0.04; desmomere 1: 0.05 × 0.04; desmomere 2: 0.04 × 0.02; desmomere 3–7: 0.03 × 0.03; club: 0.14 × 0.07. Scutellum: length: 0.03; width: 0.02. Pronotum: length: 0.39; width at base: 0.56; width at apex: 0.36. Elytra: length: 1.14; width: 0.66.</p> <p>Integument dark brown; femora, tibiae and tarsomeres, excluding onychium, light brown.</p> <p>Vestiture conspicuous, heterogeneous, off-white to yellowish; meta- and mesorostrum scales sparsely distributed, absent on prorostrum apex; scales of head and pronotal disc sparse, with centrifugal pattern; denser on sides of prosternum, meso- and metaventrite and anterior face of procoxae; elytra interstria with one or two irregular rows of light brown scales, basal portion of interstria 3 with three rows; elytra striae each with one row of scales; ventral region with off-white scales, uniformly distributed on abdominal ventrites; legs with very sparse scales.</p> <p>Rostrum nearly straight in lateral view, deflexed and robust in basal third; about 3.1 times longer than maximum width; 1.7 times pronotum length along midline; in dorsal view side of mesorostrum at antennal insertion produced into an acute dentiform process, about 2.6 times wide than apex of prorostrum; apical 1/4 polished and finely punctured; ventral and dorsal surface in basal half of rostrum finely microreticulate, including bottoms of scrobes.</p> <p>Head with frons medially slightly sulcate, with two rows of marginal scales smaller than subocular scales; subocular lateral ridges developed, not extending to posterior margin of eyes, ending in a U-shaped margin; area between subocular lateral ridges microreticulate and impunctate. Eyes round, convex and prominent. Antennae inserted at basal 0.20 of rostrum length; scape 0.56 times mesorostral width, 2.25 times as long as wide, 0.6 times club length; desmomere 1 as long as wide, as long as desmomere 2, desmomeres 3–7 as long as wide; club oblong, compact, 2 times as long as wide, as long as the last 5 desmomeres, sutures weakly marked.</p> <p>Thorax with pronotum campaniform in dorsal view, slightly constricted before apex, about 0.93 as long as wide, base 1.47 times apex width, bisinuate with slightly median rounded projection toward scutellum, with basal flange; outline in lateral view slightly convex; pronotal disc with surface irregular, with prescutellar fovea sulciform, slightly depressed, not exceeding basal half; punctures covered by scales. Scutellum as long as wide, rounded, glabrous, depressed at middle. Elytral length 2.10 times width, sub-rectangular, convex in profile; humeri present; striae catenulate, at base straight, 1 st not surpassing apex of scutellum, others surpassing apex of scutellum, except 6 th and 7 th shortened into the humeral callus and 9 th before base; striae as wide as interstriae from base to end of elytral declivity; striae strongly punctate apically, at apex joining 1+9, 2, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8; interstriae 9 with one specialized seta in apical half. Macropterous; hind wings with radial window; cubito-anal vein remnants paired, cubital vein (Cu1) continued with colored apical fold, anal vein (2A) weak and without spurs, 3A vein absent; anal notch deep (Fig. 5). Procoxae contiguous; prosternum as long as hypomeron; hypomeral lobes not divided by median suture, not separated from sternellum. Mesocoxae separated by union of meso- and metaventral apophyses. Metaventrite narrowed, posterior rim of mesocoxae absent. Mesofemora as robust as pro- and metafemora. Tibiae without mucro, 1st protarsomere 2.2 × as long as wide, subtriangular, 2nd 1.8 × as long as wide, subtriangular, 3rd strongly bilobate, wider than 2nd, onychium 2.5 × longer than wide, surpassing lobes of tarsomere 3 by ca. 1/2 length of onychium; claws dentate.</p> <p>Abdomen with ventrites 1–2 strongly convex, 1–5 with midline length ratios: 40–22–9–9–20; ventrite 5 apically rounded; pygidium of incomplete apionine type, with 0.12 of the total length exposed (Figs. 6, 7), semicircular, 1.1 times longer than wide, with distinct transverse sulcus not reaching lateral margins of pygidium, profile distinctly interrupted by sulcus.</p> <p>Male terminalia with ninth sternite (spiculum gastrale) Y-shaped, manubrium ca. 2.6 times arm length (Fig. 8). Penis (Fig. 9) depressed, slightly curved, pedon with apex straight in side view, rounded and acuminate apically in dorsal view; tectum without clear margins; penal apodemes (temones) about 0.76 times pedon length; internal sac with four rows of teeth near orifice. Tegmen (Figs. 10–11): tegminal plate fused to Y-shaped basal piece; tegminal apodeme 3.3 as long as fork of basal piece, with apex broad; tegminal plate undivided (not lobate), pointed apically, lacking macrochaetae and fenestrae; linea arquata visible; prostegium elongate, with medial emarginate protrusion.</p> <p>Measurements: male/female paratypes (range in mm): total length 1.57–1.77 /1.39–1.87; rostrum length 0.53– 0.60/0.56– 0.78; maximum width 0.16/ 0.16; pronotum length 0.34–0.39/ 0.34–0.39 and maximum width 0.56/0.56; elytra length 1.00–1.14/1.12–1.24 and maximum width 0.56–0.66/ 0.59–0.78.</p> <p>Female. In general, females have the same external characteristics as the male. There are slight variations in relation to the length and width of the body; the rostrum is thinner, slenderer, with a less squamous metarostrum; and ventrite 5 is slenderer.</p> <p>Female genitalia. Spiculum ventrale straight, very elongate, 3.25 longer than ovipositor, apical plate membranous and setiferous (Fig. 13). Ovipositor (Fig. 12): coxite length about 4.8 times width, with microchaetae; styli subcylindrical, length about 2.0 times width, with 4 macrochaetae. Spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 14), corrugated, no nodulus or ramus; cornu narrower than corpus, with an apical protuberance.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male dissected [red border printed label] (DZUP), glued on paper triangle. Brasil, Botucatu-SP, 16/II/2017, Paleari, L. M. col., Croton glandulosus. Paratype [black border printed label], same information as holotype: 1 male (dissected and dismantled), 2 females (1 dissected) (DZUP), 2 males, 2 females (CEIOC), 2 males, 2 females (MNRJ), 2 males 2 females (MZSP), 2 males, 1 female (CMNC), glued on paper triangle, with genitalia stored in glycerol in a separate microvial.</p> <p>Biology. Coelocephalapion paleariae develops in seeds of Croton gladulosus L., a ruderal annual species native to tropical America. This plant is one of the most common and widespread species of the genus, widespread in urban and rural areas in Brazil (Lorenzi 2008). Larvae feed internally in seeds, consuming endosperm and embryo, preventing seed germination, and adults consume nectar and small portions of young leaves of the same plant.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Lucia Maria Paleari, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, who for many years studied the role of glandular structures and secretions of Croton glandulosus L in the dynamics of visiting insect species and seed predators and who provided us with these specimens of the new species. Biological and ecological information are published in the Croton project FAPESP/UNESP/IBB available at http://projetocroton.blogspot.com/.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687EE4F2AFF89FF5B5AFAFCB2FB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De;Anderson, Robert S.	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Anderson, Robert S. (2022): Two new Brazilian species in the Coelocephalapion nodicorne species-group (Brentidae, Apioninae, Apionini, Oxystomatina) associated with Euphorbiaceae. Zootaxa 5205 (3): 220-230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.3.2
038687EE4F2DFF8BFF5B5E76FB13F844.text	038687EE4F2DFF8BFF5B5E76FB13F844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelocephalapion geraldinhoi De Sousa & Anderson 2022	<div><p>Coelocephalapion geraldinhoi De Sousa &amp; Anderson sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 15–28)</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species differs from other C. nodicorne species group members by integument black; mesorostrum at antennal insertion produced into a slightly acute dentiform process; subocular lateral ridges undeveloped; prescutellar fovea on pronotal disc absent; elytral sutural interval without postscutellar spot of denser scales (Figs. 15–18)</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Measurements (in mm): male holotype: Total length: 1.64: Rostrum: length: 0.58; width at apex: 0.07; mesorostral width: 0.12. Head: length: 0.22, width: 0.22. Distance from eye to antennal insertion: 0.13. Antennae (length × width): scape: 0.09 × 0.04; desmomere 1: 0.04 × 0.04; desmomere 2: 0.05 × 0.02; desmomere 3–6: 0.03 × 0.03; desmomere 7: 0.03 × 0.04; club: 0.13 × 0.05. Scutellum: length: 0.06; width: 0.05. Pronotum: length: 0.45; width at base: 0.60; width at apex: 0.30. Elytra: length: 1.15; width: 0.79.</p> <p>Integument black; femora and tibiae black to brown.</p> <p>Vestiture conspicuous, heterogeneous, off-white scales; meta- and mesorostrum scales sparsely distributed, absent on the prorostrum apex; head and pronotal disc scales sparse, with centrifugal pattern; on sides of prosternum, meso- and metaventrite and anterior face of the procoxae denser; elytra interstria with one regular row of scales, interstria 3 with two irregular rows of scales; elytra striae with one row of scales; ventral region with scales uniform in abdominal ventrites; legs with sparse scales.</p> <p>Rostrum nearly straight in side view, deflexed and robust in the basal third; about 4.8 times longer than maximum width; 1.3 times pronotum length along midline; in dorsal view sides of mesorostrum at antennal insertion about 1.7 times larger than apex of prorostrum; apical 1/4 polished and finely punctate; ventral and dorsal surface in basal half of rostrum finely microreticulate, including bottoms of scrobes.</p> <p>Head with frons flat medially, with two rows of marginal scales as long as subocular scales; subocular lateral ridges undeveloped, not extending to posterior margin of eyes, ending in a V-shaped margin; area between subocular lateral ridges microreticulate and impunctate. Eyes round, convex and prominent. Antennae inserted at basal 0.13 of rostrum length; scape 0.75 times mesorostral width, 2,25 times as long as wide, 0.7 times club length; desmomere 1 as long as wide, as long as desmomeres 2, desmomere 3–6 as long as wide, desmomere 7 wider; club oblong, compact, 2.6 times as long as wide, longer than the last 5 desmomeres, sutures weakly marked.</p> <p>Thorax with pronotum campaniform in dorsal view, slightly constricted before apex, about 0.75 as long as wide, base 2.00 times apex width, bisinuate with slightly median rounded projection toward scutellum, with basal flange; outline in lateral view slightly convex; pronotal disc plan, without prescutellar fovea; punctures covered by scales. Scutellum as long as wide, rounded, glabrous, plan at middle. Elytral length 1.45 times width, sub-rectangular, convex in profile; humeri salient; striae catenulate, at base straight, 1 st not surpassing apex of scutellum, others surpassing apex of scutellum, except 6 th and 7 th shortened into the humeral callus and 9 th before base; striae as wide as interstriae; striae strongly punctate apically, at apex joining 1+9, 2, 3+4, 5+6, 7+8; interstriae 9 with one specialized seta in apical half. Macropterous; hind wings with radial window; cubito-anal vein remnants paired, without colored apical fold, anal vein (2A) strong and without spurs, 3A vein absent; anal notch deep (Fig. 19). Procoxae contiguous; prosternum as long as hypomeron; hypomeral lobes not divided by median suture, not separated from sternellum. Mesocoxae separated by union of meso- and metaventral apophyses. Metaventrite narrowed, posterior rim of mesocoxae absent. Mesofemora as robust as pro- and metafemora. Tibiae without mucro, 1st protarsomere 2.0 × as long as wide, subtriangular, 2nd 1.4 × as long as wide, subtriangular, 3rd strongly bilobate, wider than 2nd, onychium 3.3 × longer than wide, surpassing lobes of tarsomere 3 by ca. 1/2 length of onychium; claws dentate.</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites 1–2 strongly convex, 1–5 with midline length ratios: 48–20–12–8–12; ventrite 5 apically rounded; pygidium of incomplete apionine type, with 0.14 of the total exposed length (Fig. 20–21), semicircular, 1.1 times longer than wide, with distinct transverse sulcus not reaching lateral margins of pygidium, profile distinctly interrupted by sulcus.</p> <p>Male terminalia. Ninth sternite (spiculum gastrale) Y-shaped, manubrium ca. 2.7 times arm length (Fig. 22). Penis (Fig. 23) depressed, slightly curved, pedon with apex straight in side view, rounded and acuminate apically in dorsal view; tectum without clear margins; penal apodemes (temones) length about 0.57 times pedon length; internal sac with four rows of teeth near orifice. Tegmen (Fig. 24–25): tegminal plate fused to Y-shaped basal piece; tegminal apodeme 2.7 as longer as basal piece, with apex broad; parameral lobes notched; fenestral sector unmarked and without macrochaetae; linea arquata visible; prostegium protruding, medially bifid.</p> <p>Measurements: male/female paratypes (range in mm): total length 1.44–1.64 /1.35–1.95; rostrum length 0.43– 0.58/0.54–0.78; maximum width 0.12/ 0.12; pronotum length 0.33–0.45/ 0.33–0.45 and maximum width 0.45– 0.60/0.44–0.62; elytra length 0.92–1.15/0.90–1.32 and maximum width 0.64–079/ 0.64–0.87.</p> <p>Female. In general, females have the same external characteristics as the male. There are slight variations in relation to the length and width of the body; the rostrum is thinner, more slender, with a less squamous metarostrum; and ventrite 5 is more slender.</p> <p>Female genitalia. Spiculum ventrale straight, very elongate, 2.0 longer than ovipositor, apical plate not discernible (Fig. 27). Ovipositor (Fig. 26): coxite length about 10 times width, with microchaetae; styli subcylindrical, length about 2.0 times width, with 4 macrochaetae. Spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 28), corrugated, with nodulus or ramus developed; cornu as wide as the corpus, with apical acute protuberance.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male dissected [red border printed label] (DZUP), glued on paper triangle. Brasil, Dores do Indaiá-MG, I/2014, Oliveira, L. A. col., Croton antisyphiliticus. Paratype [black border printed label], same information as holotype: 2 males (1 dissected), 3 females (1 dissected and dismantled, head, thorax, legs, elytra, hind wings and abdominal ventrites glued on separate paper triangle) (DZUP), 1 males, 2 females (INPA), 2 males, 3 females (MNRJ), 2 males, 3 females (MZSP), 1 male, 1 female (CMNC), glued on paper triangle, with genitalia stored in glycerol in a separate microvial.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Geraldo Wilson Afonso Fernandes, or “Geraldinho” as he likes to be called, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, a great ecologist who contributes knowledge about Neotropical insect galls and who provided us with specimens of this new species.</p> <p>Biology. Coelocephalapion geraldinhoi larvae feed internally in the tissues and induce galls with numerous cavities or chambers, on the leaves of Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. (Euphorbiaceae), a small herb regionally known as “canela-de-perdiz” or“pé-de-perdiz”. This plant is mostly found in the Brazilian Cerrado of Minas Gerais state in the central-western region of Brazil, in Paraguay and Argentina (Fernandes et al. 2019, 2021).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687EE4F2DFF8BFF5B5E76FB13F844	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De;Anderson, Robert S.	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Anderson, Robert S. (2022): Two new Brazilian species in the Coelocephalapion nodicorne species-group (Brentidae, Apioninae, Apionini, Oxystomatina) associated with Euphorbiaceae. Zootaxa 5205 (3): 220-230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.3.2
038687EE4F21FF85FF5B5BDBFA3AFD38.text	038687EE4F21FF85FF5B5BDBFA3AFD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coelocephalapion nodicorne (Sharp 1890)	<div><p>Key to species of the Coelocephalapion nodicorne group</p> <p>1. Elytral sutural interval with postscutellar spot of denser scales.................................................. 2</p> <p>- Elytral sutural interval without postscutellar spot of denser scales............................................... 7</p> <p>2. Frons with longitudinal median carina..................................................................... 3</p> <p>- Frons without longitudinal median carina.......................................... C. buchanani (Kissinger, 1958)</p> <p>3. Postscutellar spot of scales starting at a distance equivalent to the length of the scutellum and extending through basal half of elytra............................................................................................... 4</p> <p>- Postscutellar spot of scales starting just behind scutellum and extending to or beyond basal half of elytra................ 5</p> <p>4. Prescutellar fovea reaching the middle of pronotum................................... C. saginans (Kissinger, 1958)</p> <p>- Prescutellar fovea not reaching the middle of pronotum................................ C. expilator (Kissinger, 1958)</p> <p>5. Postscutellar spot of scales extending beyond basal half of elytra, becoming sparse posteriorly..... C. fumitarse (Fall, 1898)</p> <p>- Postscutellar spot of scales not extending beyond basal half of elytra............................................. 6</p> <p>6. Elytral sutural interval with white scales.............................................. C. nodicorne (Sharp, 1890)</p> <p>- Elytral sutural interval with off-white to yellowish scales................................ C. iteratum (Kissinger, 1974)</p> <p>7. Pronotal disc with prescutellar fovea...................................................................... 8</p> <p>- Pronotal disc without prescutellar fovea................................................... C. geraldinhoi sp. n.</p> <p>8. Elytra with discal macula of darker scales............................................. C. metum (Kissinger, 1974)</p> <p>- Elytra without discal macula of darker scales............................................................... 9</p> <p>9. Prescutellar fovea of pronotal disc extended to near its apex............................... C. delta (Buchanan, 1922)</p> <p>- Prescutellar fovea of pronotal extended to near the basal half of pronotal disc....................... C. paleariae sp. n.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687EE4F21FF85FF5B5BDBFA3AFD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De;Anderson, Robert S.	Sousa, Wesley Oliveira De, Anderson, Robert S. (2022): Two new Brazilian species in the Coelocephalapion nodicorne species-group (Brentidae, Apioninae, Apionini, Oxystomatina) associated with Euphorbiaceae. Zootaxa 5205 (3): 220-230, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.3.2
