identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8D1487CFFFADF926FF665A58FA27FE8B.text	8D1487CFFFADF926FF665A58FA27FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson 1878)	<div><p>Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878)</p> <p>(Fig. 2: An13, A98, A99, B01; Fig. 3; Fig. 4: A98)</p> <p>Astictopterus othonias Hewitson, 1878: 342. Type locality: Borneo.</p> <p>Ancistroides othonias: Elwes &amp; Edwards 1897: 222; Evans 1949: 281.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita othonias: Maruyama 1985: 31; Maruyama 1991: 29; Ek-Amnuay 2012: 838.</p> <p>= Tagiades maura Snellen, 1886: 28. Type locality: Sumatra.</p> <p>Kerana evaira Fruhstorfer, 1911. Type locality: Thailand.</p> <p>Kerana sumata Fruhstorfer, 1911. Type locality: Nias.</p> <p>Kerana savara Fruhstorfer, 1911. Type locality: Borneo.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita maura: Evans 1949: 280; Kimura 2011: 65; Inayoshi 2022.</p> <p>The forewing length is 21–23 mm (n = 8) in male and 22–24 mm (n = 2) in female. On the ventral side of both forewing and hindwing, the submarginal area is paler than the marginal area. The genital characters of both sexes are described as below.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 3). In lateral view, uncus a bit shorter than tegumen, slightly convex, distal end pointed, lower branch triangular; gnathos arm-like, transverse part a little longer than longitudinal part; saccus about 1/3 the length of vinculum. In dorsal view, distal half of uncus bifid and U-shaped, tip of both branches with a notch. In lateral view, dorsal edge of valva concave, with a rounded distal shoulder; distal edge of valva rounded; harpe triangular, its outer side vertical. Distal branch of valva needle shaped in lateral view, while bifid and decorated with tiny sawteeth in dorsal view, its distal triangular lobe pointed. In lateral view of aedeagus, suprazonal sheath slightly curved downwards, about 2/5 the length of subzonal sheath. Juxta bifid and V-shaped, basal edge concave.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 4: A98). In lateral view, lamella antevaginal almost bent to a right angle, its distal part triangular. In ventral view, lamella antevaginal nearly U-shaped, ostium bursae semi-sclerotized. In front view of lamella postvaginalis, its dorsal edge shallowly concave.</p> <p>Remarks. Evans (1949) stated that “the male (of othonias) is unknown and it seems not unlikely that othonias may prove to be a dimorphic form of armatus.” However, Maruyama (1985, 1991) treated othonias as a subspecies of nigrita based on the behavior and the color of the ventral side, and synonymized maura with othonias without providing any scientifically sound evidence. de Jong &amp; Treadaway (2007) also pointed out that the female of nigrita in Borneo is dimorphic, and one form is othonias. In the present study, the NJ tree (Fig. 1) shows that othonias is a separate species rather than a form of armatus or a subspecies of nigrita, and maura is conspecific with othonias. The specimen of “ Ancistroides nigrita ” with GenBank accession number HM862403 and coordinate 7.533 N, 99.783 E (pointing to a locality in Peninsular Thailand) is probably a representative of maura.</p> <p>The publication year of othonias was recorded as 1876 by Evans (1949) but 1878 by Maruyama (1991). Likewise, the publication year of maura was recorded as 1880 by Evans (1949) and de Jong &amp; Treadaway (2007), but 1886 by Maruyama (1991). According to Bridges (1994), Maruyama (1991) ’s record is correct in both cases.</p> <p>Distribution. S. Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, S. Vietnam,Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sipora, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFADF926FF665A58FA27FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
8D1487CFFFABF927FF665A58FDD0FEF1.text	8D1487CFFFABF927FF665A58FDD0FEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides nigrita subsp. nigrita (Latreille 1824)	<div><p>Ancistroides nigrita nigrita (Latreille, [1824])</p> <p>(Fig. 2: A97; Fig. 5: A97)</p> <p>Hesperia nigrita Latreille, [1824]: 788. Type locality: Java.</p> <p>Kerana vasuba Fruhstorfer, 1911. Type locality: Java.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita nigrita: Evans 1949: 280.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita maura: Eliot 1992: 355 (misidentification).</p> <p>On the ventral side of both forewing and hindwing of Ancistroides nigrita, the submarginal area and the marginal area are uniform, paler than the inner area.</p> <p>In the nominate subspecies, the forewing length is 21–23 mm (n = 1) in male (Evans 1949). The male genitalia (Fig. 5: A97) are similar to those of Ancistroides othonias, except for: harpe elongated, reaches dorsal edge of valva; distal branch of valva thicker and finger shaped in lateral view, with a wider distal triangular lobe in dorsal view; subzonal sheath of aedeagus longer and more bent upwards in lateral view.</p> <p>Remarks. Eliot (1992) stated that “(in maura) the marginal areas of both wings are broadly paler on the underside”. This description is contradictory with that by Evans (1949). Judging from the photos (Eliot 1992: plate 55, fig. 6, 7), the taxon examined by Eliot (1992) should belong to Ancistroides nigrita nigrita.</p> <p>Distribution. Malay Peninsula, Java.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFABF927FF665A58FDD0FEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
8D1487CFFFAAF927FF665D30FB4CFCB2.text	8D1487CFFFAAF927FF665D30FB4CFCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides nigrita subsp. diocles (Moore 1866)	<div><p>Ancistroides nigrita diocles (Moore, [1866])</p> <p>(Fig. 2: An4, An5; Fig. 4: An5; Fig. 5: An4)</p> <p>Nisoniades diocles Moore, [1866]: 787. Type locality: Bengal.</p> <p>Kerana diocles: Distant 1886: 403.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita diocles: Evans 1949: 280; Chou 1994: 718; Gu &amp; Chen 1997: 314; Kimura 2011: 65; Anonymous 2022; Inayoshi 2022.</p> <p>This subspecies bears a larger body size: forewing length 24–26 mm (n = 6) in both sexes. Its male genitalia can be distinguished from those of the nominate subspecies and Ancistroides othonias by: distal part of valva wider, with its ventral edge arcuate; in lateral view, distal branch of valva higher than harpe; aedeagus longer, subzonal sheath and suprazonal sheath prominently bent; basal part and both branches of juxta much wider. The female genitalia (Fig. 4: An5) are different from those of A. othonias in: distal part of lamella antevaginal much wider in lateral view; lamella postvaginalis oval, gap on dorsal edge narrow and V-shaped.</p> <p>Distribution. Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Bengal, N. Shan St., Karens, S. Guangxi, Hainan Island.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFAAF927FF665D30FB4CFCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
8D1487CFFFAAF924FF665B4CFE57FD8D.text	8D1487CFFFAAF924FF665B4CFE57FD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides fumatus (Mabille 1876)	<div><p>Ancistroides fumatus (Mabille, 1876)</p> <p>(Fig. 2: An10, An11; Fig. 4: An11; Fig. 6)</p> <p>Tagiades fumatus Mabille, 1876: 271. Type locality: Philippines.</p> <p>Kerana pravha Fruhstorfer, 1911. Type locality: Bazilan.</p> <p>Ancistroides nigrita fumatus: Evans 1949: 280; de Jong &amp; Treadaway 1993: 36; de Jong &amp; Treadaway 2007: 34; de Jong &amp; Treadaway 2008: 7, pl. 18, figs. 14–16.</p> <p>The length of forewing is about 23 mm (n = 2) in male and 25 mm (n = 1) in female. On the ventral side of both wings, the submarginal and marginal area are uniformly pale, similar to Ancistroides nigrita.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 6) can be distinguished from those of Ancistroides othonias (Fig. 3) and A. nigrita (Fig. 5) by the following characters: in lateral view, uncus as long as tegumen, lower branch hooked and well developed; transverse part of gnathos obviously longer than longitudinal part; each side of uncus curved inwards in dorsal view, distal half V-shaped; in lateral view of valva, dorsal edge wavy, distal edge protrudent; harpe rubost and tapered; distal branch of valva finger-like and pointed in lateral view, while bifid and decorated with tiny spines in dorsal view, its distal triangular lobe much wider; suprazonal sheath of aedeagus bent downwards; juxta with deeper furcation, basal edge flat.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 4: An11) are similar to those of Ancistroides othonias (Fig. 4: A98) and A. nigrita (Fig. 4: An5), but can be recognized by: distal part of lamella antevaginal elongated and tapered into a blunt point in lateral view; distal edge of lamella postvaginalis deeply concave.</p> <p>Distribution. Philippines.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFAAF924FF665B4CFE57FD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
8D1487CFFFA9F925FF665958FCA5FEF1.text	8D1487CFFFA9F925FF665958FCA5FEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides armatus subsp. armatus (H. Druce 1873)	<div><p>Ancistroides armatus armatus (H. Druce, 1873)</p> <p>(Fig. 2: A95, An8; Fig. 4: An8; Fig. 7)</p> <p>Astictopterus armatus H. Druce,1873: 359. Type locality: Borneo.</p> <p>Kerana armata: Elwes &amp; Edwards 1897: 221.</p> <p>Ancistroides armatus armatus: Maruyama 1991: 29; Eliot 1992: 356; Evans 1949: 281; Kimura 2011: 65; Ek-Amnuay 2012: 840.</p> <p>The length of forewing is about 26 mm (n = 2) in both sexes. Wing patterns are prominently different to those of the preceding species recognized by clades A to C (Fig. 1): in male, there is a large velvety black patch of specialized scales from vein 1b to the middle of the cell on the ventral side of the forewing, and a similar patch filling the cell on the dorsal side of the hindwing.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 7). In lateral view, uncus shorter than tegumen, basal part raised, distal end pointed, lower branch short and triangular; gnathos arm-like, transverse part a little longer than longitudinal part; saccus about 2/5 the length of vinculum. In dorsal view, uncus tapered, distal half bifid and narrowly U-shaped, tip of both branches rounded. In lateral view of valva, dorsal margin flat, distal part bifid into a protrudent shoulder and a sickle shaped branch which bears sawteech on inner edge; harpe triangular, vestigial. Aedeagus remarkably robust, left half of dorsal edge with a wide and deep gap; in lateral view, suprazonal sheath slightly curved downwards, about 3/5 the length of subzonal sheath. Juxta shield-shaped, with a pair of slender and pointed dorsal arms.</p> <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 4: An8). In lateral view, lamella antevaginal nearly oval, strongly developed; antrum very robust. In ventral view, a wide gap between two strong arms of lamella antevaginal, ostium bursae well sclerotized. Lamella postvaginalis trapezoidal, middle of distal edge with a shallow V-shaped notch.</p> <p>Distribution. S. Myanmar, Peninsular Thailand, W. Malaysia, Sumatra, Batoe, Sipora, Borneo.</p> <p>Remarks. According to Evans (1949), there is the other subspecies, viz. Ancistroides armatus niasana (Evans, 1926) which is endemic to Nias. The band on the dorsal side of the forewing is obsolete in male, and reduced to separated suffused red spots in female (Evans 1949: 281).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFA9F925FF665958FCA5FEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
8D1487CFFFA8F92AFF66586CFD9CFE41.text	8D1487CFFFA8F92AFF66586CFD9CFE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancistroides longicornis Butler 1874	<div><p>Ancistroides longicornis Butler, 1874</p> <p>(Fig. 2: A96; Fig. 8)</p> <p>Ancistroides longicornis Butler, 1874: 436. Type locality: Timor; Evans 1949: 281.</p> <p>The length of forewing is 25 mm (n = 1) in male. The yellow patch on the hindwing is remarkable and makes this species considerably different from the preceding taxa.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Fig. 8). In lateral view, uncus as long as tegumen, basal part hump-shaped, distal end pointed, lower branch finger-like; gnathos curved upwards; saccus about 1/2 the length of vinculum. In dorsal view, middle of basal uncus concave, a pair of distal branches widely U-shaped, tip of both branches pointed. In lateral view of valva, dorsal edge flat, ventral edge evenly curved, tip of distal branch rounded; harpe slant, distal half short fingershaped, blunt. In dorsal view, distal branch of valva trapezoidal, with its proximal inner angle sharply pointed. Aedeagus elongated S-shaped in lateral view, suprazonal sheath a little shorter than 1/2 the length of subzonal sheath. Juxta deeply bifid and U-shaped, basal edge concave.</p> <p>Distribution. Timor, Sulawesi.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D1487CFFFA8F92AFF66586CFD9CFE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xue, Guoxi;Qu, Peng;Li, Meng;Chiba, Hideyuki;Li, Wenwei	Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki, Li, Wenwei (2022): Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 5205 (5): 481-490, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.5.5
