taxonID	type	description	language	source
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PHILIPPINES, Zamboanga District, Sax River, Merrill 8174, 6 December, 1911; type lost during WW 2. Neotype (designated by Rataj, 1975): PHILIPPINES. Western Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula, near Kabasalan, Muralong Mountain, 27 November 1940, L. E. Ebalo 717 (neotype GH!, isoneotypes, PNH!, MICH!).	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	description	Amphibious, perennial herb, up to 10 cm tall. Rhizome terete, 6 – 8 mm in diameter, fleshy, glabrous, creamy to brownish white outside, creamy white inside. Cataphylls narrowly subulate, 2.5 – 3.0 cm long by 0.4 – 0.6 cm wide, papery, striate, glabrous, brown except the whitish basal 1 / 3, margin membranous, entire, apex long acuminate, slightly cucullate. Leaves 15 – 20 cm long, fully spreading, up to 10 leaves per individual; petiole 6 – 8 cm long, flattened, glabrous, canaliculate; lamina narrowly ovate to oblong, 4 – 5 cm long by 1.5 – 2.0 cm wide, glabrous on both sides, shiny green adaxially, pale green abaxially, margin entire, base cordate, apex acute. Peduncle terete, up to 2 cm long, glabrous, creamy white. Spathe 3.0 – 3.5 cm long; kettle urceolate, ca. 1 cm long, 0.7 – 0.9 cm in diameter, fleshy, glabrous, greenish white; tube tubular, ca. 1 cm long, 0.7 – 0.8 cm in diameter, glabrous, greenish white suffuse with purple; limb narrowly ovate to subulate, forward obliquely, horizontally twisted hiding the collar, ca. 2 cm long by ca. 0.5 cm wide, glabrous on both sides, surface rough, green suffuse with purple outside, purple inside, apex long acuminate; collar distinctly raised, purple. Spadix ca. 1 cm long. Female flowers 6; ovary 1.0 – 1.5 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, creamy white, minutely papillose; stigmas creamy white, erect, concave, obtuse. Male flowers ca. 40, pale yellow, irregularly rounded, smooth, slightly spreading; naked axis 3.0 – 3.5 mm long; sterile appendix creamy white; olfactory bodies pale yellow. Fruit not seen.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Zamboanga Peninsula, Western Mindanao, Philippines. The species had previously been found in the provinces of Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay from which there are no newer confirmations and presently Zamboanga del Norte.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — The collected specimen was found growing in a crack of a rock in a stream with clear, slow running water and deeply shaded locality at 150 m a. s. l. Merrill (1919) says that C. pygmaea grows “ in the crevices of ledges, in stream beds, in very damp shaded ravines, in situations subject to overflow, at an altitude of about 300 meters ”. An original habitat situation for C. pygmaea would probably be along the banks of small forest streams, and presently with intensified agricultural development it has survived in places where it has been able to maintain a root grip, i. e., “ in the crevices of ledges ”, a niche which has also been noted for other Cryptocoryne species. Phenology: — Observed flowering in July, November, and December.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular name: — The species was locally known as “ S igbut ” by the Subanen, as indicated in the specimen of L. E. Ebalo.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	conservation	Proposed conservation status: — The distribution of the species now is restricted within Zamboanga Peninsula and is really rare with less than 10 mature individuals found within the stream in Zamboanga del Norte. The species was found growing near a human settlement where several anthropogenic activities are observed such as quarrying, rubber plantation and poaching. Following the Red List Criteria of the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (IUCN 2022), we proposed this species to be treated as Critically Endangered under subcriteria D (very small or restricted population) ‘ CR D’.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — PHILIPPINES. Western Mindanao, Zamboanga del Norte, elev. 150 m, 31 July 2022, MAK Naive 130 (PNH!). Full locality data withheld owing to the risk of potential exploitation of wild populations for commercial purposes.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94E1D4BFF3FFCEBFDC6FDA9.taxon	discussion	Notes: — With the identity of C. pygmaea established, there are other Philippine Cryptocoryne collections referred to C. pygmaea over the years which need further investigation. Edano 46022, Capiz Prov., Panay, Oct. & Nov. 1926 (NY!). Identity unresolved, but the size of the leaves is much larger than those of both C. pygmaea and C. palawanensis and they could indicate small specimens of C. aponogetifolia Merrill (1919: 370). Ramos & Edano 37040, Mindanao, Zamboanga District, Malangas, Oct. & Nov. 1919 (BM!, BO!, K!, L!, P!, US!). Although there are several duplicate specimens available from several herbaria, it is difficult to interpret exactly what the spathe looks like, except that it seems to be an upright spathe perhaps 2.5 cm long and dark purple in the upper, upright part. The leaves are about 15 cm long, blades narrowly ovate 6 × 2.5 cm with a cordate base. The plant seems different from the species known.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	diagnosis	Cryptocoryne palawanensis is somewhat similar to C. pygmaea however, the new species can be recognized by having these following characters: olive green or brownish, more or less shiny purplish striped to marmorated leaves that are ovate to narrowly ovate; the spathe has an obliquely twisted limb with a rough inner surface, without a distinct collar, 1 – 3 cm long caudate appendage, and the colour of the whole inside is red to dark red.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PHILIPPINES. Luzon, Palawan, W of Taytay, stream near the Nagbenter River, close to the tidal area, 13 May 1999, Bastmeijer 794 (holotype L!, isotypes PNH!, HNUL!).	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	description	Amphibious herb, submerged specimens up to 25 cm. Rhizome rather stout, stolons long, slender. Cataphylls 2 – 3 cm long, subulate, whitish to greenish, striate, glabrous, somewhat recurved. Leaves 5 – 25 cm long, up to more than 10, submerged longest, green to olive green or brownish, more or less purplish striped to marmorated on the upper surface, lower surface green to more or less dark red; petiole 4 – 15 cm long, longest in continuously submerged specimens; lamina smooth to somewhat undulate at the margin, somewhat shiny, ovate to narrowly ovate, 4 – 13 cm long and 1 – 2 cm broad with a rounded to truncate to more or less cordate base, apex acute to obtuse. Peduncle 1 – 5 cm long. Spathe 3.5 – 5.0 cm long, the upper part greenish to brownish, smooth to rough with elongate protuberance like structures on the outer surface, the lower part whiteish; kettle ca. 1 cm long, inside white; tube short, usually less than 0.5 cm long, flap whitish; limb 2 – 4 cm long, inner surface rough, without a distinct collar, more or less upright forward twisted, into a 1 – 3 cm long caudate appendage; the colour of the whole inside is red to dark red. Spadix ca. 1 cm long. Female flowers 5 – 7, greenish to whitish, more or less finely purple spotted, with small, rounded stigmas. Olfactory bodies rounded, whitish to yellow. Male flowers 20 – 30; appendix white. Syncarp more or less broadly ovoid, smooth, seeds brownish, endosperm present, embryo simple, cone shaped, with an undifferentiated plumule. Chromosome number 2 n = 34 (Reported for NJ 2962!, from Busuanga; Arends et al. 1982).	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to the Philippines. The species has been observed in northern Palawan and Busuanga.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: — Small streams or rivers with slow to rather quickly running water, with a sandy or stony bottom, not high above sea level.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	conservation	Proposed conservation status: — The distribution of the species is restricted to the islands of Busuanga and Palawan with less than half a dozen known localities (1999). The habitats in which it occurs were already then generally severely degraded and found near human settlements. Following the Red List Criteria of the IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (IUCN 2022), we proposed this species to be treated as Near Threatened ‘ NT’.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ palawanensis’ was coined after the island of Palawan, Philippines, situated in the western part of the archipelago.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	biology_ecology	Cultivation: — The first results in cultivation shows that it is an easy grower in mineral soil, and with some leaf peat added. It also proves that it is a good aquarium plant.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — PHILIPPINES. Bastmeijer 787, 07 May 1999, Busuanga. Near Labangan bridge nr 1; B 788, 11 May 1999, Palawan. S of Taytay. NW of lake Manguao; B 789, 12 May 1999, Palawan. S of Taytay. Near Bato bridge; B 790, 12 May 1999, Palawan. S of Taytay. Near Bato bridge; B 791, 13 May 1999, Palawan. W of Taytay, near Embarcadero bridge; B 792, 13 May 1999, Palawan. NW of Taytay. Near Isang bridge nr. 1; B 793, 13 May 1999, Palawan. NW of Taytay. Near a bridge (under construction); B 794, 13 May 1999, Palawan. W of Taytay. Near the Nagbenter river; B 795, 14 May 1999, Palawan. N of Taytay. Near Sandoval (B numbers at C!, L!, PNH!, SING!); NJ 2962, Busuanga, commercial import, 8 October 1975 (C!); Merrill 9272 (K!, US!), Cryptocoryne “ pygmaea ” from Palawan, Tatay, May 1913.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
361A8793E94C1D4DFF3FFD09FB96FCDD.taxon	discussion	Notes: — For a number of years, Cryptocoryne palawanensis was referred to C. pygmaea and was only known from a few herbarium specimens. It was not until 1999 when new material was obtained (Bastmeijer & Morco 2000), allowing us to get a good knowledge of the species still assuming that the Palawan samples belonged to C. pygmaea. Live specimens in cultivation were first known in 1975 when an unknown plant (NJ 2962, C!), in a commercial shipment of C. aponogetifolia from the Philippines, turned up in Copenhagen (Planteimporten). After flowering, the plant was referred to C. “ pygmaea ” (de Wit 1990, Bastmeijer 2018). The unknown origin of this plant was cleared up during Bastmeijer’s trip to visit Herson Morco in 1999 (Morco International Aquatics, Manila, Philippines). It was possible to disclose the former 1975 locality to the island of Busuanga (Calamian group, halfway from Mindoro to Palawan), from where local suppliers had sent plants to Manila where they were shipped to Copenhagen (Bastmeijer 2018). In 1984 a botanical expedition to Palawan, sponsored by the Hilleshög Forestry (timber) Company (Hilleshög, 1985), found C. “ pygmaea ” near Lake Manguao (= Lake Danao) - but no live material was brought back. During Bastmeijer’s and Morco’s trip in 1999, a number of new localities were found in the northern part of Palawan. The specimens growing on the banks were 5 – 8 cm in height while the ones from deeper water grew up to 25 cm (Bastmeijer 2018). The Busuanga plants generally have narrower and more colourful leaves than those from Palawan, and the spathe limb ends in a short tail, while the tail in the Palawan specimens is longer. C. palawanensis has up to now not been found in mid and southern Palawan.	en	Naive, Mark Arcebal K., Bastmeijer, Jan D., Jacobsen, Niels (2022): On the identity of Cryptocoryne pygmaea (Araceae) from Western Mindanao and the description of a new species from the islands of Palawan and Busuanga. Phytotaxa 572 (3): 295-300, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.9
