identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F42AD072FFAEBD0F9CFF126C9585FEC9.text	F42AD072FFAEBD0F9CFF126C9585FEC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphonoides cinereus (Haan 1844) Chopard 1940	<div><p>Aphonoides? cinereus (Haan, 1844)</p> <p>(Figs 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5)</p> <p>Gryllus (Eneoptera) cinereus — Haan, 1844: 232</p> <p>Aphonus cinereus — Saussure, 1878: 802; Casto de Elera, 1895: 222</p> <p>Aphonomorphus cinereus — Kirby, 1906: 105; Bruner, 1915: 266</p> <p>Aphonoides cinereus — Chopard, 1969: 382</p> <p>Aphonoides? cinereus — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 242 [see remarks below]</p> <p>Specimen examined. SINGAPORE • 1♂; Dairy Farm Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of a palm; 2 September 2022, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol</p> <p>Other specimens examined (genitalia not examined). SINGAPORE • 1♂; Bukit Timah; forest; malaise trap; 20 August 1970; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050528</p> <p>Type locality. Type series</p> <p>Distribution. New Guinea, Sulawesi (Tondano), Java (Haan, 1844); Malay Peninsula (Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Kutu [Chopard, 1969], Penang [Gorochov, 2007 (2006)], SINGAPORE [new locality]); Borneo (Tawai in Sabah) (Gorochov, 2007 [2006])</p> <p>Remarks. Chopard (1969) redescribed the species Aphonoides cinereus (Haan, 1844) and suggested that this species is widely distributed in the Oriental Region. Gorochov (2007 [2006]) instead, postulated that the syntypes may belong to different species, but the genitalia could not be examined for these specimens. The genitalia and the description of Aphonoides ? cinereus sensu Gorochov (2007 [2006]) were based on specimens from Penang in Malay Peninsula and Tawai in Borneo. The specimen collected from Singapore shares genitalic characters of the specimens from Borneo and Malay Peninsula. It has the minutely and faintly indented apex of the posterolateral epiphallic lobe and the lateral view of genitalia most similar to Aphonoides ? cinereus from Borneo; the ectoparamere most similar to Aphonoides ? cinereus from Penang. The spermatophore does not resemble that from Borneo.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFAEBD0F9CFF126C9585FEC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFADBD0F9CFF11C195CAF87F.text	F42AD072FFADBD0F9CFF11C195CAF87F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphonoides popovi Gorochov 2007	<div><p>Aphonoides popovi Gorochov, 2007</p> <p>Aphonoides popovi — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 247</p> <p>Type locality. SINGAPORE</p> <p>Distribution. Malay Peninsula (SINGAPORE)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was described from an old specimen deposited in Natural History Museum UK, but has not been encountered in recent surveys in Singapore (including those of Tan, 2012, 2017).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFADBD0F9CFF11C195CAF87F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFACBD0E9CFF124C94DFF819.text	F42AD072FFACBD0E9CFF124C94DFF819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dinomunda griseipennis (Chopard 1969)	<div><p>Dinomunda griseipennis (Chopard, 1969)</p> <p>(Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 6)</p> <p>Aphonoides griseipennis — Chopard, 1969: 386; Gorochov, 2003: 292</p> <p>Aphonoides sp. — Tan, 2012: 19; Tan, 2017: 28</p> <p>Dinomunda griseipennis — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 276; http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/eo/ensif6732</p> <p>Specimen examined. SINGAPORE • 1♂; Thomson Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of Dracena fragans; 23 March 2022, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol</p> <p>Other specimens examined (genitalia not examined). SINGAPORE • 1♂; Windsor Nature Park [Venus Trail]; secondary forest after village; 8 October 2010; leg. M. K. Tan &amp; M. R. B. Ismail; ZRC.ORT.102 • 1♂; MacRitchie [Lornie Trail]; secondary/ primary forest; 2 November 2010; leg. M. K. Tan; ZRC.ORT.120</p> <p>Type locality. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Sungei Lui</p> <p>Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Perak, SINGAPORE [new locality]), Thai-Peninsula (Surat Thani)</p> <p>Remarks. This species is the type species of this monotypic genus, distinguished by its male genitalia with characteristic thickened seta appearing as a spine directed upwards at the apex of the posterolateral epiphallic lobe.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFACBD0E9CFF124C94DFF819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFAABD089CFF13AF90DCF9FA.text	F42AD072FFAABD089CFF13AF90DCF9FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Furcimunda furcilla Gorochov 2007	<div><p>Furcimunda furcilla Gorochov, 2007</p> <p>(Figs 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 7)</p> <p>Furcimunda furcilla — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 257</p> <p>Specimen examined. SINGAPORE • 1♂; Thomson Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of Etlingera elatior; 12 December 2021, daytime; leg. M. K. Tan, S. T. Toh &amp; H. Yeo; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol</p> <p>Type locality. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Hulu, Belum</p> <p>Distribution. Northern Sumatra (Kisaran), Malay Peninsula (Perak, SINGAPORE [new locality])</p> <p>Remarks. The specimen from Singapore differs distinctly in the genitalia from the male allotype of Furcimunda bipunctata (Chopard, 1969) from southern Sumatra (Lampung: Wai Lima). It should be noted that the holotype of Furcimunda bipunctata is a female from Fraser’s Hill (Malay Peninsula, Pahang) and overlaps with the distribution of Furcimunda furcilla.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFAABD089CFF13AF90DCF9FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFAABD0A9CFF11E49208FDE9.text	F42AD072FFAABD0A9CFF11E49208FDE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mistshenkoana bilineata (Chopard 1954)	<div><p>Mistshenkoana bilineata (Chopard, 1954)</p> <p>(Figs 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D, 8)</p> <p>Aphonoides bilineatus — Chopard, 1954: 43; Chopard, 1968: 400; http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/eo/ensif6730</p> <p>Aphonoides sp. — Tan, 2012: 20; Tan, 2017: 30</p> <p>Mistshenkoana bilineata — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 262</p> <p>Specimen examined. SINGAPORE • 1♂; Jalan Asas; secondary forest after village; on foliage of tree; 30 July 2020, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol</p> <p>Other specimens examined (genitalia not examined). SINGAPORE • 1♀; Mandai Track 15; secondary forest after village; 22 February 2011; leg. M. K. Tan; ZRC.ORT.296 • 1 ♂; Hindhede Nature Park; secondary forest; 2 June 2011; leg. M. K. Tan; ZRC.ORT.233 • 1♂; MacRitchie Catchment Sime Road forest; 10 February 1974; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050543 • 1♂; Bukit Timah forest; 19 August 1975, night; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050540</p> <p>Type locality. INDONESIA, Java, Soekaboemi [Sukabumi]</p> <p>Distribution. Java, Malay Peninsula (Perak, SINGAPORE [new locality]), Sumatra</p> <p>Remarks. Specimens from different parts of its distribution require further study to establish its species boundaries.Additionally, the male genitalia of the holotype from Java is not well-described and was not available for examination (Gorochov, 2007 [2006]). Whether Gorochov’s specimens (2007[2006]) from Java, Perak and Sumatra are indeed Mistshenkoana bilineata is questionable. The genitalia of the specimen from Singapore compares well with specimens from Java (compared to from Perak and Sumatra) by its more elongated epiphallus, the shape of posterolateral epiphallic lobe and the shape of ectoparameres.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFAABD0A9CFF11E49208FDE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFA8BD0A9CFF12D091B2F87C.text	F42AD072FFA8BD0A9CFF12D091B2F87C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mistshenkoana gracilis (Chopard 1925)	<div><p>Mistshenkoana gracilis (Chopard, 1925)</p> <p>Aphonomorphus gracilis — Chopard, 1925: 327; Chopard, 1929: 1929</p> <p>Aphonoides gracilis — Chopard, 1968: 400</p> <p>Mistshenkoana gracilis — Gorochov, 1990: 21; Tan et al., 2020: 39, 44</p> <p>Mistshenkoana gracilis ? — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 269</p> <p>Type locality. PHILIPPINES</p> <p>Distribution. Philippines Archipelago, Malay Peninsula (SINGAPORE, Pahang)</p> <p>Remarks. This species was recorded from Singapore according to Chopard (1969). Despite my having encountered it from the Philippines (Tan et al., 2020) and that this species is distinct from other congeners and Aphonoidini reported here, I have not encountered in recent surveys in Singapore (including Tan, 2012, 2017). Tan et al. (2020) also suggested that multiple species from different parts of Philippines may have be considered together as M. gracilis. It is therefore unclear whether the species from Malay Peninsula may represent a different species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFA8BD0A9CFF12D091B2F87C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFA7BD069CFF11609261FE95.text	F42AD072FFA7BD069CFF11609261FE95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mistshenkoana hulu Gorochov 2007	<div><p>Mistshenkoana hulu Gorochov, 2007</p> <p>(Figs 1E, 2E, 3E, 4E, 9)</p> <p>Aphonoides sp. — Tan, 2012: 19; Tan, 2017: 30</p> <p>Mistshenkoana hulu — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 271</p> <p>Specimen examined. SINGAPORE • 1♂; Dairy Farm Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of tree; 15 March 2022, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol • 1♂; Thomson Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of shrub; 27 September 2022, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol • 1♂; Dairy Farm Nature Park; secondary forest after village; on foliage of Leea indica; 6 October 2022, nighttime; leg. M. K. Tan; genitalia dissected and leg preserved in ethanol.</p> <p>Other specimens examined (genitalia not examined). SINGAPORE • 1♀; Hindhede Nature Park; secondary forest; 30 October 2010; leg. M. K. Tan; ZRC.ORT.115 • 1♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.34877" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77742/lat 1.34877)">Bukit Timah</a>; N1.34877, E103.77742; forest; 30 July 2013; leg. M. K. Tan &amp; H. Yeo; ZRC _ ENT00050542 • 1♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3534722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77747/lat 1.3534722)">Bukit Timah</a>; “Jungle Fall Path”; 1°21’12.5”N, 103°46’38.9”E, 156 m; “sur plante de sous-bois (feuille), 1.6m H [height]”; 30 June 2009, night (9 PM); leg. T. Robillard; TR21, ZRC _ NET00050860 • 1♀; Mandai; 8 January 2016; leg. M. K. Tan; D14.F.02, ZRC _ ENT00014091 • 1♀; Bukit Timah forest; 19 August 1975, night; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050533 • 1♂ [identified as Mistshenkoana gracilis (Chopard, 1925) by D. H. Murphy]; Bukit Timah forest; low foliage; 20 August 1970; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050532 • 1♀ [identified as Mistshenkoana gracilis (Chopard, 1925) by D. H. Murphy]; Bukit Timah forest; low foliage; 20 August 1970; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050536 • 1♀; MacRitchie catchment secondary forest; 24 February 1974; leg. D. H. Murphy; ZRC _ ENT00050535</p> <p>Type locality. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Hulu, Belum</p> <p>Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Perak, SINGAPORE [new locality])</p> <p>Remarks. I identified the specimens from Singapore as Mistshenkoana hulu Gorochov, 2007 based on the posterolateral epiphallic lobes being more widely spaced apart and with few or no setae along the inner margin, compared to Mistshenkoana pangrango Gorochov, 2007 from Java, the colouration of pronotum, FW veins and cross-veins. At least parts of the ectoparameres of the specimens from Singapore appear to share closer similarities with M. pangrango. Along with Mistshenkoana tembelingi Gorochov, 2007 from Pahang, these species may represent a species complex thus requiring further studies.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFA7BD069CFF11609261FE95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFA4BD069CFF164E9283FD1B.text	F42AD072FFA4BD069CFF164E9283FD1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mistshenkoana nigrifrons Gorochov 2007	<div><p>Mistshenkoana nigrifrons Gorochov, 2007</p> <p>Mistshenkoana nigrifrons — Gorochov, 2007 [2006]: 269</p> <p>Type locality. PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Perak, Hulu, Belum</p> <p>Distribution. Northern Sumatra, Malay Peninsula (Perak, SINGAPORE?)</p> <p>Remarks. Gorochov 2007 [2006] noted that Mistshenkoana nigrifrons may have occurred in Singapore, but was identified as Mistshenkoana angustifrons (Chopard, 1930) from Borneo. Nonetheless, this species was not encountered in recent surveys in Singapore (including Tan, 2012, 2017).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFA4BD069CFF164E9283FD1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
F42AD072FFA3BD019CFF164894DEFC16.text	F42AD072FFA3BD019CFF164894DEFC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphonoidini Gorochov 2008	<div><p>Key to genera and species of Aphonoidini from Singapore</p> <p>1. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe unmodified, typically triangular, short, undivided, unhooked........................... 2</p> <p>-. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe highly modified or with additional modifications.................................... 3</p> <p>2. Male genital plate shorter, with rounded spermatophore ampulla. Sclerotized proximal part of ectoparameres slenderer and longer, lobe-like distal part of ectoparmere folded................................................. Aphonoides (4)</p> <p>-. Male genital plate longer, with long spermatophore ampulla. Sclerotized proximal part of ectoparameres wider and shorter, lobe-like distal part of ectoparmere not folded................................................. Mistshenkoana (5)</p> <p>3. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe very long, arched, and divided into two processes........................... Furcimunda</p> <p>-. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe at the apex with thickened seta appearing as a spine directed upwards............ Dinomunda</p> <p>4. Face red-yellow coloured, uniformly coloured as rest of body. Proximal parts of ectoparamere shorter..... Aphonoides popovi</p> <p>-. Face mostly black, distinct as rest of body. Proximal parts of ectoparamere longer................... Aphonoides ? cinereus</p> <p>5. FW with cross-veins white. Inner margin of the posterolateral epiphallic lobe with a row of setae...................... 6</p> <p>-. FW with cross-veins with dark spots. Inner margin of the posterolateral epiphallic lobe without a row of setae, only a few setae at the apex of the lobe.................................................................. Mistshenkoana hulu</p> <p>6. Head dark brown. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe shorter. Ectoparameres more complex, with lobes at the distal end and proximal ends............................................................................. Mistshenkoana nigrifrons</p> <p>-. Head orange to light yellow. Posterolateral epiphallic lobe longer. Ectoparameres simple, lamellate without lobes.......................................................................................... Mistshenkoana bilineata</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F42AD072FFA3BD019CFF164894DEFC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai	Tan, Ming Kai (2022): The diversity and taxonomy of Aphonoidini (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Podoscirtinae) from Singapore. Zootaxa 5209 (4): 441-454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.4.3
