taxonID	type	description	language	source
039E6229FFDDFF9EEF83FAF8FC8DF82E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — USA. Moreno, California, USA (Figs 8 – 20) Illustrations: — Long et al. 1946: pl. 19, figs 6, 7; Brigger & Hanna 1965: figs 2, 3 = Figures 10 a and 10 c, respectively); Cornell 1973: 1121, text-fig. 2 (text-fig. 1 = ‘ Archaeomonadopsis incerta ’ Ramp 1940 [see Fig. 11 b, reproduced from Ramp 1940: 63, fig. 3] = ‘ broken processes of the biddulphoid diatom Kittonia hannai Lefébure & Chenevière’); Wornardt 1972: pl. 4, fig. l; Chambers (1997: pl. 14, figs 10, 11, Maastrichtian, Moreno Shale, BM 63885!, one specimen). Valve face triangular with barely rounded apices and almost straight valve margins (Figs 9, 12 – 14). Valve face probably slightly convex, weakly silicified specimens collapse (Figs 9, 12 – 14). Valve centre circular, diameter ca. 10 µm, hyaline. Valve surface covered with small granules (Fig. 18). Marginal fold separates valve face from deep mantle ca. 15 µm lying beyond valve face (Figs 9, 12 – 14). Tubular coiled process arises from circular hyaline area within angles of valve face, diameter ca. 12 µm (Figs 9, 12 – 14, 16, 19, 20), summit of club-shaped (Fig. 15). Ocellus-like structure on surface of each summit, stalk pierced by occasional poroids (Fig. 15,19, 20). Areolae poroid, circular occluded by cribra arranged in rows radiating from valve centre to valve margin ca. 5 in 10 µm (Figs 14, 16 – 18); interstrial pores present. Single or double row of areolae present on valve margin appearing to lie vertically to mantle, margins ca. 6 µm deep (Figs 14, 16 – 18). Rimoportulae, 3 – 8, occurring within hyaline valve centre, exterior openings through short oval tube, interior an elongate slit between raised lips (Figs 17, 18).	en	Sims, Pat A., Williams, David M. (2022): Description of the new species Kittonia kempii (Biddulphiales: Kittoniaceae) with comments on Kittonia hannai P. Lefébure & Chenevière and Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni. Phytotaxa 573 (2): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7
039E6229FFDDFF9EEF83FD44FE03FAA6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — New Zealand, DSDP 275 1 - 2, 64 - 5 cm, “ Southeast Campbell Plateau, Position: 50 ° 26.34 ’ S; 176 ° 18.99 ’ E […] Late Cretaceous ”, New Zealand; see Shipboard Scientific Party (1975) (holotype BM 101972!, one specimen = Figs 1, 2)	en	Sims, Pat A., Williams, David M. (2022): Description of the new species Kittonia kempii (Biddulphiales: Kittoniaceae) with comments on Kittonia hannai P. Lefébure & Chenevière and Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni. Phytotaxa 573 (2): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7
039E6229FFDDFF9EEF83FD44FE03FAA6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named for the late Klaus Kemp (1937 – 2022) who found and mounted the holotype specimen. Registration: http: // phycobank. org / 103337 Valve outline broadly oval with crenulated margin, two specimens found (Figs 1, 2, the holotype specimen, BM 101972; Figs 3 – 7, SEM miCrographs): 36 x 127 μm (Figs 1, 2), 45 x 150 μm (Figs 3 – 7). Valve faCe gently Convex with depressed central area, small hyaline valve centre lying within (Figs 5, 6). Well-developed marginal ridge separating valve from Crenulated mantle and margin, Ca. 7 μm deep (Figs 4 – 6, arrows in Figs 5, 6). On valve faCe, towards pole, large hyaline area, stout tubular process with flattened summit at centre, angled towards valve margin, but not beyond it (second process presumed missing due to break in valve, Figs 1, 4). Ocellus-like structure on surface of subtriangular summit, Ca. 7.5 μm wide with radial rows of five poroids surrounding hyaline margin (Figs 1 – 5, 7). Areolae poroid arranged in rows radiating from valve Centre, Ca. 7 areolae in 10 μm, 7 rows in 10 μm (Figs 1, 3 – 6). Areolae on valve face with raised rims and occluded by elaborate cribra (Figs 1, 3 – 6). Mantle areolae in mostly vertical rows, cribra lying flush with valve surface (Figs 5, 6). Only two specimens have been found, both lack a significant part of the central area where the rimoportulae would normally have been situated.	en	Sims, Pat A., Williams, David M. (2022): Description of the new species Kittonia kempii (Biddulphiales: Kittoniaceae) with comments on Kittonia hannai P. Lefébure & Chenevière and Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni. Phytotaxa 573 (2): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7
039E6229FFD9FF98EF83FC7DFBBFF806.taxon	discussion	The original description of Biddulphia gigantea Greville (1864: 13) was relatively simple, referring only to the shape of the valves and the ‘ horns’: “ Side view more or less broadly elliptical, subacute, inflated; horns long, cylindrical, capitate; cellules large, radiating. Longest diameter about. 0080 ” (Greville 1864: 13). The specimens described were from the “ Barbadoes deposit, Cambridge estate ”, with a drawing of just one valve (Greville 1864: pl. 2, fig. 9, see our Figs 21, 22; Fig. 22 is a reproduction of the original drawing with the number 2770 and the Maltwood co-ordinates ‘ 15 / 31 ’ added in pencil enclosed in the black box added to the drawing by us; Fig. 21 is the published drawing from Greville 1864: pl. 2, fig. 9). The drawing was clearly a composite of several specimens as the published illustration was of a complete valve (Fig. 21) and the specimen identified as the type somewhat fragmented (BM 2770, Figs 23 – 5, Williams 1988: 19). Greville had referred to other specimens: “ Of this magnificent species I have seen several tolerably entire valves, besides fragmentary ones. Perfect horns, however, are very rare, as, being long and slender, they are readily broken off ” (Greville 1864: 13, as noted above for K. hannai with the detached ‘ horn’ given the named ‘ Archaeomonadopsis incerta ’ by Ramp 1940). Rather graphically, Greville writes of the valves that they are “ like the ears of the Scottish shallow drinking-cup called a Quaich [A shallow two-handled drinking cup, a ‘ Scottish cup of friendship’] ”, and notes that “ the outline is much narrower, more or less oblong ” (Greville 1864: 13). At first, Greville referred to this species by the name ‘ Cerataulus giganteus ’, which appears on some of the slide labels (Table 2), but when published it was as a species of Biddulphia (Table 2). Inspection of these slides yielded a few specimens in varying degrees of completeness (Figs 26 – 29). Only the specimen from BM 2965 (Fig. 30) had a whole ‘ horn’ still in place (Figs 26 – 7, arrow in Fig. 26; specimen from BM 2798 in Figs 28 – 9 has a partial ‘ horn’, arrow). The various speCimens have lengths of 165 – 205 μm, and widths a little smaller, roughly about half of the length, 75 – 100 μm. Greville’s illustrations (Figs 21, 22) suggest that the width is more similar in size than the aCtual speCimens. It is hard to account for this as Greville was normally exceedingly accurate in drawing his specimens. Our thoughts turn to the composite nature of the illustration (see Ross 2002 for a discussion on the nature and meaning of original illustrations). When Grove & Sturt described their genus Kittonia, they included Biddulphia gigantea. They first noted Greville’s species in their earlier description of Biddulphia elaborata Grove & Sturt (1886: 325, pl. 18, fig. 9, see also Witkowski et al. 2017: 378 and for SEMs see Round et al. 1990: 278, Jousé 1977: pl. 84, fig. 13 and Sims & Hendey 2002: 388, figs 13 – 15), where they considered both to be a new genus (Grove & Sturt 1886: 325, full quote given above). For Biddulphia gigantea, “ […] through the kindness of W. Carruthers, Esq., F. R. S., of the Nat. Hist. Mus., been enabled to examine Dr. Greville’s authentic specimens of his Biddulphia gigantea (“ T. M. S., ” Vol. xii., p. 13, PI. 2, Fig. 9), we find that the hyaline stalked processes terminate in nodular cellulose expansions larger than the small capitate ends shown in his figure. We venture to remove the form to this genus under the name of Kittonia grevilliana ” (Grove & Sturt 1887: 75). Quite why they changed the specific name is not clear, but De Toni later provided the nomenclaturally correct name of Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni (1894: 898). In their monograph on the genus, Brigger & Hanna also understood Greville’s protologue for Biddulphia gigantea to be composed not of just one specimen: “ It seems quite obvious that Greville’s figure is a composite and stylized drawing. Grove & Sturt recognized this after examining authentic material but they did not clear the matter up by simply renaming the species without a good illustration. The specimens which we have shown here may or may not agree with one or more of the species represented by the original fragments [Brigger & Hanna 1965: figs 6, 7, 17, reproduced here as our Figures 31 – 33]. Possibly some day an opportunity will be presented to re-examine and check the original material and thereby determine if there be any diatom which can bear the name Kittonia gigantea according to the rules of nomenclature ” (Brigger & Hanna 1965: 2 – 3). That request was partially satisfied by Williams (1988: 19), who had the opportunity of examining the original pencil drawing of Biddulphia gigantea that Greville noted to have come from slide BM 2770 and the specimen found at Maltwood Finder co-ordinates 15 / 31 named as ‘ Cerataulus giganteus ’ (Fig. 22), which would be considered the holotype specimen (Williams 1988: pl. 23, figs 3, 4). But no further commentary was included. Of the Greville specimens since identified as Kittonia gigantea, five were labelled ‘ Cerataulus giganteus ’ and four as Biddulphia gigantea (Table 2). Most specimens are fragments of valves with just a few retaining the ‘ horns’ or parts of them (Figs 26 – 9). No detached ‘ horns’ were noticed. Of the illustrations given by Brigger & Hanna of Kittonia gigantea (Brigger & Hanna 1965: figs 6, 7 and 17, reproduced here as our Figures 31 – 33), the most accurate is their figure 7 (our Figure 31).	en	Sims, Pat A., Williams, David M. (2022): Description of the new species Kittonia kempii (Biddulphiales: Kittoniaceae) with comments on Kittonia hannai P. Lefébure & Chenevière and Kittonia gigantea (Greville) De Toni. Phytotaxa 573 (2): 275-285, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.573.2.7
