taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AB87D2FFD85854B8685734FC47E3D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Vulpes as a subgenus by Bobrinskii et al., 1965, [Key to the mammals of the U. S. S. R.], " Proveshchenie, " Moscow, p. 127.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B84257FDFC47E2C5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N. Scandinavia, Lapland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B84257FDFC47E2C5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, entire tundra zone of the Holarctic, including most of the Arctic islands.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B84257FDFC47E2C5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Alopex by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8455426FC47EF47.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Transvaal, Magaliesberg (W. Pretoria), " Caffraria Interfere. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8455426FC47EF47.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Open woodland and semi-arid grassland from Senegal to Ethiopia, south to N. Namibia, N. Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and N. South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B98E512EFC47E4A6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Several alternative classifications have been published in recent years; see Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., 179: 1 - 188; Langguth, 1975, in Fox, The Wild Canids, pp. 192 - 206; Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 177 - 199; Van Gelder, 1978: 1 - 10. Three groups of closely related Recent genera or subgenera may be distinguished on the basis of anatomical as well as chromosomal evidence: 1) Cams, Lycaon, Cuon; 2) Vulpes, Fennecus, Alopex, Otocyon and Urocyon; 3) all other recent South American taxa (AL).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8455B73FC46EE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Lar Prov.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8455B73FC46EE30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. and E. Africa, south to Senegal, Nigeria, and Tanzania; S. W. Asia; S. E. Europe; Transcaucasia; C. Asia; Iran; Afghanistan; S. Asia to Thailand, including Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8445A64FC45EC1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Nebraska, Washington Co., Engineer Cantonment, about 12 mi. (19.2 km) S. E. Blair.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8445A64FC45EC1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Originally may have occurred W. of the Mississippi R., N. to about 55 ° N. lat., and south to Mexico City. Has extended its range north to N. Alaska (U. S. A.), Northwest Territories and Hudson Bay (Canada), south to Costa Rica, and east to the Atlantic coast.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B8445A64FC45EC1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Bekoff, 1977, Mamm. Species, 79: 1 - 9. See Young, 1951, The clever coyote, Wildl. Mng. Inst., Washington, D. C., p. 29, for a discussion of distribution.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B86B56D9FC47E072.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Van Gelder, 1978: 1 - 10 included Alopex, Atelocynus, Cerdocyon, Pseudalopex, Lycalopex, Dusicyon, and Vulpes as subgenera. However, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists; see Corbet, 1978: 161; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Hall, 1981: 923; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 239.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD85854B9B65206FC47E690.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Pinnipedia (Otariidae, Odobenidae, Phocidae); see Tedford, 1977; but also see Hall, 1981, and Corbet and Hill, 1980.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99D5736FC90E3A5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99D5736FC90E3A5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, south of the tropical rain-forest in the west and as far north as Ethiopia and Sudan in the east.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99A57D0FC93E00C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Texas, 15 mi. (24 km) W. Austin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99A57D0FC93E00C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. and S. C. U. S. A., from Florida to C. Texas and north to S. Indiana and Missouri.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99A57D0FC93E00C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The widely used name niger has been rejected by opinion 447 of the ICZN. The validity of rufus as a species has been questioned by Clutton-Brock et al., 197 $ 29 (3): 143, due to the existence of natural hybrids with lupus and latrans. Natural hybridization may be a consequence of habitat disruption by man; see Paradiso and Nowak, 1972, U. S. Fish and Wild. Serv., Spec. Sei. Rep. Wildl., 145; Nowak, 1979, Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Monogr., 6: 1 - 154, who provided evidence for specific distinctness. Reviewed by Paradiso and Nowak, 1972, Mamm. Species, 22: 1 - 4. Type locality restricted by Goldman, 1937, J. Mammal., 18: 38.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99A57D0FC93E00C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B54A8FC93EFF8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, mountains of Simen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B54A8FC93EFF8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B54A8FC93EFF8.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. (= Simia) simensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99C520DFBA6E485.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99C520DFBA6E485.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North America south to 20 ° N., in Oaxaca (Mexico); Europe; Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and Japan; not in the Indochinese peninsula or southern India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99C520DFBA6E485.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris, (RGVG); familiaris has page priority over lupus in Linnaeus, 1758, but both were published simultaneously, and lupus has been universally used for this species. Extinct in much of its former range (AL). Reviewed by Meeh, 1974, Mamm. Species, 37: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99C520DFBA6E485.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as C. lupus (Indian, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal populations only). CITES - Appendix II (all populations not listed on Appendix I) U. S. ESA - Endangered, 48 conterminous states (other than Minnesota) and Mexico. U. S. ESA - Threatened, Minnesota populations only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B5A79FC93ED46.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, “ swamps of Paraguay. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B5A79FC93ED46.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Argentina; Paraguay; lowlands of Bolivia; Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul to Minas Gerais, Goias and Mato Grosso.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD95855B99B5A79FC93ED46.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C520DFC3EE509.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Amurskaya Obi., Udskii-Ostrog.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C520DFC3EE509.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java; Sumatra; Malaysia; montane forest areas of the Indian peninsula and N. Pakistan through Tibet; Indochina and China to Korea and Ussuri region (U. S. S. R.), and mountains of S. Siberia and N. Mongolia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C520DFC3EE509.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Cohen, 1978, Mamm. Species, 100: 1 - 3.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C520DFC3EE509.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C5734FAEBE3A2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Falkland Islands (U. K.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C5734FAEBE3A2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Falkland Islands.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C5734FAEBE3A2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon; see Cabrera, 1958: 229, and Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Exterminated by the end of the 19 th century (AL).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C57D6FC3FE05D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Santiago Prov.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C57D6FC3FE05D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Tierra del Fuego along the Andes of Chile and Argentina, the highlands of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C57D6FC3FE05D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon or Pseudalopex; see Cabrera, 1958: 230; Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Pseudalopex has been considered a synonym of Dusicyon by Cabrera, 1958: 229, and Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 166; a subgenus of Dusicyon by Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., 179: 176; a subgenus of Canis by Langguth, 1975: 193, and Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Includes culpaeolus (part) and inca (part), mismatched skin and skull; see Langguth, 1967, Neotropica, 13: 21 - 28. AL considers Pseudalopex a distinct genus. Type locality restricted by Cabrera, 1931, J. Mammal., 12: 62.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83C57D6FC3FE05D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83D547FFC3FEE26.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Coast of Magellan Straits.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83D547FFC3FEE26.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Atacama (Chile) and Santiago del Estero (Argentina) south to Tierra del Fuego.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83D547FFC3FEE26.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon or Pseudalopex; see Cabrera, 1958: 233; Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Pseudalopex has been considered a synonym of Dusicyon by Cabrera, 1958: 229, and Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 166; a subgenus of Dusicyon by Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., 179: 176; a subgenus of Canis by Langguth, 1975: 193, and Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Includes fulvipes; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 93; Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., p. 179.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B83D547FFC3FEE26.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as D. griseus. CITES - Appendix II as D. fulvipes.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5856B8655195FB6FE485.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Atelocynus, Cerdocyon, Lycalopex, and Pseudalopex; see comments under culpaeus, microtis, thous, and vetulus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5857B83A5A52FC96E6AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, vicinity of Asuncion.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5857B83A5A52FC96E6AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, north of Rio Negro; Paraguay; Uruguay; S. Brazil; E. Bolivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDA5857B83A5A52FC96E6AC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon or Pseudalopex; see Cabrera, 1958: 234; Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Pseudalopex has been considered a synonym of Dusicyon by Cabrera, 1958; 229; and Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 166; a subgenus of Dusicyon by Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., 179: 176; a subgenus of Canis by Langguth, 1975: 193; and Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Includes culpaeolus (part) and inca (part), mismatched skin and skull; see Langguth, 1967, Neotropica, 13: 21 - 38. AL considers inca a synonym of culpaeus. Type locality restricted by Cabrera, 1958: 235.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99752C8FB2EE4E0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Para, S. bank Rio Amazonas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99752C8FB2EE4E0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian region of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; perhaps Bolivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99752C8FB2EE4E0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Atelocynus; see Cabrera, 1958: 236; Van Gelder, 1978: 8, but also see Hershkovitz, 1961, Fieldiana Zool., 39: 505 - 523. Corbet and Hill, 1980: 93, listed this species in Dusicyon. HEE, KLA, and AL consider Atelocynus a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B997509BFC96E269.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Piura Dept., Sechura Desert, Sullana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B997509BFC96E269.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. W. Peru and S. W. Ecuador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B997509BFC96E269.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon or Pseudalopex; see Cabrera, 1958: 235; Van Gelder, 1978: 7. Pseudalopex has been considered a synonym of Dusicyon by Cabrera, 1958: 229; and Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 166; a subgenus of Dusicyon by Langguth, 1969, Z. Wiss. Zool., 179: 176; a subgenus of Canis by Langguth, 1975: 193; and Van Gelder, 1978: 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99D560CFB58E108.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Surinam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99D560CFB58E108.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay; N. Argentina; Paraguay; lowlands of Bolivia, Brazil except Amazonia; Guianas; Venezuela; Colombia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99D560CFB58E108.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Cerdocyon; see Cabrera, 1958: 237; Van Gelder, 1978: 7. KLA and AL consider Cerdocyon a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C55B3FB4CE0A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C55B3FB4CE0A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Brazilian Highlands in the States of Mato Grosso, Goias, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Sao Paulo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C55B3FB4CE0A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Dusicyon or Lycalopex; see Cabrera, 1958: 236; Van Gelder, 1978: 8. Lycalopex has also been considered a synonym of Dusicyon by Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 186. AL considers Lycalopex a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C5B57FC9FEE42.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, on the coast.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C5B57FC9FEE42.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, except in the desert area of the north and the tropical rain-forest of the west.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C5AFBFC9EEDFE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, near Canton.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C5AFBFC9EEDFE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ussuri region (U. S. S. R.); China; Japan; N. Indochina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDB5857B99C5AFBFC9EEDFE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Introduced and feral in eastern and middle Europe (AL).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8365299FC35E537.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8365299FC35E537.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and E. Africa to Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B85F514BFC35E466.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Icticyon; see Berta and Marshall, 1978, Foss. Cata., 125: 10.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8375012FC35E33D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8375012FC35E33D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forested areas of Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil (except the semiarid N. E.); E. Peru; Ecuador; Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; French Guiana; Surinam; Panama.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8375012FC35E33D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B85B5741FC36E26C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Vulpes as a subgenus by Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 117 - 199 but see Hall, 1981: 941.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8325609FC36E1D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E. North America.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8325609FC36E1D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North America from Oregon, Nevada, Utah and Colorado in the West and the U. S. A. - Canadian border in the East through Central America to N. Colombia and Venezuela.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8325609FC36E1D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes which includes Urocyon by Van Gelder, 1978: 6. Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 1 17 - 199, retained Vulpes, including Urocyon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8335582FC37E0AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., California, San Miguel Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8335582FC37E0AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands off the Pacific coast of S. California (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8335582FC37E0AC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes which includes Urocyon; may be a subspecies of cinereoargenteus; see Van Gelder, 1978: 8. Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 117 - 199, retained Vulpes, including Urocyon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8305A03FC28ED79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Bangladesh, " Bengal. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8305A03FC28ED79.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; Pakistan; S. Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8305A03FC28ED79.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8595B30FB6CEE56.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Canis as a subgenus by Van Gelder, 1978: 1 - 10. However, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists; see Corbet, 1978: 162 - 163; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Hall, 1981: 936; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 242 - 243. Includes Fennecus; see comments under zerda and Urocyon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8315923FC28EC61.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Baluchistan, Gwadar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8315923FC28EC61.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Turkmenia (S. E. U. S. S. R.); Afghanistan; N. E. Iran; Pakistan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8315923FC28EC61.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes; by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDC5850B8315923FC28EC61.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965201FC92E543.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Namaqualand and country on both sides of the Orange River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965201FC92E543.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, S. of Angola and Zambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965201FC92E543.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965176FC92E419.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., N. Kazakhstan, steppes between Ural and Irtysh rivers, near Petropavlovsk.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965176FC92E419.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes of S. E. U. S. S. R., Kazakhstan, C. Asia, Mongolia, Transbaikalia, N. E. China; N. Afghanistan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965176FC92E419.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B99750BCFC93E33A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, near Lhasa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B99750BCFC93E33A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Tsinghai, Kansu, and Yunnan (China) (SW); Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B99750BCFC93E33A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B997575EFC93E053.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., California, Riverside Co., vicinity of Box Springs, within 10 mi. (16 km) S. E of Riverside.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B997575EFC93E053.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Western U. S. A, from S. Oregon to Zacatecas (Mexico) and east to W. Texas and E. New Mexico.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B997575EFC93E053.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Partly revised by Waithman and Roest, 1977, J. Mammal., 58: 157 - 164. Distinct from velox; see Thornton and Creel, 1975, Texas J. Sci., 26: 127 - 136; and Rohwer and Kilgore, 1973, Syst. Zool., 22: 157 - 165, who found hybrids between velox and macrotis but concluded they were of reduced viability, and retained both as species; but also see Hall, 1981: 940. Clutton-Brock, et al., 1976, 29 (3): 1 17 - 199, combined velox and macrotis for analysis only; see also Van Gelder, 1978: 8, who placed this species in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes. Reviewed by McGrew, 1979, Mamm. Species, 123: 1 - 6. See Miller and Kellogg, 1955, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 205: 685. for discussion of type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B997575EFC93E053.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as V. m. mutica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965406FC93EF26.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Kordofan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965406FC93EF26.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Semiarid sahelian region of Africa from Senegal through Nigeria, Cameroun and Sudan to Somalia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965406FC93EF26.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965B53FC92EE11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Dongola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965B53FC92EE11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arid areas of N. Africa from Morocco to Somalia; Egypt; Sinai; Arabia; Iran; parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5851B9965B53FC92EE11.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5852B9965A44FC22E57A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Colorado, South Platte River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5852B9965A44FC22E57A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Central North America from C. Alberta (Canada) to N. W. Texas and E. New Mexico (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5852B9965A44FC22E57A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in subgenus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 1 - 10. Distinct from macrotis; see Thornton and Creel, 1975, Texas J. Sci., 26: 127 - 136; Rohwer and Kilgore, 1973, Syst. Zool., 22: 157; but also see Hall, 1981: 940. Clutton-Brock, et al., 1976, 29 (3): 117 - 199, combined velox and macrotis for analysis only. Reviewed by Egoscue, 1979, Mamm. Species, 122: 1 - 5.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDD5852B9965A44FC22E57A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as V. v. hebes subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82B54F8FC22EE41.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, Moupin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82B54F8FC22EE41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Szechwan, Shensi, Kansu; perhaps Tsinghai, on E. edge of Tibetan plateau (China).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82B54F8FC22EE41.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Regarded by Hendey, 1980, as the only surviving species in the subfamily Agriotheriinae. Placed in family Ailuropodidae by Thenius, 1979, Z. Saugetierk., 44: 286 - 305. Reviewed by Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978, Mamm. Species, 110: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B8505430FC21E0DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978, Mamm. Species, 110: 1 - 6; and Hendey, 1980, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 81: 1 - 109, discussed reasons for placing Ailuropoda in Ursidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B84E5A5EFC23ED3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Van Gelder, 1977: 13, included Helarctos as a synonym of Melursus. Helarctos was considered a subgenus of Ursus by Hall, 1981: 947, and a distinct genus by Corbet and Hill, 1980: 94.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826595AFC23EC28.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra, Bencoolen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826595AFC23EC28.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Burma; Thailand; Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo; N. E. India; Malaysia; Yunnan and Szechwan (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826595AFC23EC28.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B877562BFC21E1AD.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Ailuropodidae (Ailurus and Ailuropoda) was considered a separate family by Corbet and Hill, 1980: 95; but see Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978, Mamm. Species, 110: 1 - 6, who included Ailuropoda in the Ursidae. Thenius, 1979, Z. Saugetierk., 44: 286 - 305, placed Ailuropoda in the monotypic family Ailuropodidae, and Ailurus in the subfamily Ailurinae of family Procyonidae. Reviewed by Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 329 - 331; revised by Hendey, 1980, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 81: 1 - 109.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826511FFC22E41B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826511FFC22E41B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe and continental Asia except the tundra; N. India and peninsular Indochina; Japan; Palearctic Africa; N. America as far south as Texas and New Mexico (U. S. A.), but absent in part of the Central Plains and the Arctic.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B826511FFC22E41B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes fulva; see Hall, 1981: 936. Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82650BDFB07E383.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sahara.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82650BDFB07E383.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco to Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82650BDFB07E383.taxon	discussion	COMMENT :: Placed in genus Canis, subgenus Vulpes by Van Gelder, 1978: 8. Vulpes includes Fennecus which is often treated as a separate genus; see Clutton-Brock et al., 1976, 29 (3): 117 - 199; Clutton-Brock and Corbet, 1979, Bull. Zool. Nomenci., 36.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDE5852B82650BDFB07E383.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as Fennecus zerda (Tunisia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9CD527FFCA7E695.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See comment under Helarctos. Melursus was considered a subgenus of Ursus by Hall, 1981: 947, and a distinct genus by Corbet and Hill, 1980: 94.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A752C0FCA6E5B4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bihar, Patna.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A752C0FCA6E5B4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India, north to the Indian desert and to the foothills of the Himalayas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A450B9FCA4E3BC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Chile, Cordillera de Chile. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A450B9FCA4E3BC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountainous regions of W. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and W. Bolivia; perhaps Panama.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A450B9FCA4E3BC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: T. ornatus is not known from Chile; type locality probably east of Trujillo, Libertad, Peru; see Cabrera, 1958: 242.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A450B9FCA4E3BC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95561FCA3E0D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern North America.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95561FCA3E0D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. C. Alaska to Labrador and Newfoundland (Canada), south to C. California, N. Nevada (U. S. A.), N. Nayarit and S. Tamaulipas (Mexico), and Florida (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95561FCA3E0D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in subgenus Euarctos by Hall, 1981: 947; and Thenius, 1979: 293. Hendy, 1980: 98, regarded Euarctos as a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95480FCA2ED3C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95480FCA2ED3C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, N. W. Africa, all of Palearctic from W. Europe, Near and Middle East through N. Himalayas to W. and N. China and Chukotka (U. S. S. R.); Hokkaido (Japan). Western North America, north from N. Mexico.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95480FCA2ED3C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hall, 1981: 951 - 958, listed 87 taxa (including 76 other species names) in the " Ursus arctos - group ", which are here included in arctos; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 94; see also Couturier, 1954, L'Ours brun, Ursus arctos L., Grenoble.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9A95480FCA2ED3C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II (all North American subspecies). CITES - Appendix I (Italian populations only). CITES - Appendix I as U. a. isabellinus subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as U. a. nelsoni subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as U. a. pruinosus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as U. a. arctos (Italian populations only). U. S. ESA - Threatened as U. a. horribilis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF5853B9CC57C2FCA4E134.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Euarctos, Melanarctos, Mylarctos, Selenarctos, Thalarctos, Thalassarctus, Thalassiarchus, Myrmarctos, Ursarctos, and Vetularctos; see Ellerman and MorrisonScott, 1951: 235; Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 331; Hall, 1981: 947; Kurten and Anderson, 1980, Pleistocene mammals of North America, Columbia Univ. Press, New York, p. 183; but also see Corbet, 1978: 165 - 166, and Hendey, 1980: 98.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF585CB9AF5959FAFBE6A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Norway, Spitzbergen Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF585CB9AF5959FAFBE6A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar in the Arctic.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF585CB9AF5959FAFBE6A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Ursus, subgenus Thalarctos by Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 253, and in genus Thalarctos by Corbet, 1978: 166. Reviewed by DeMaster and Stirling, 1981, Mamm. Species, 145: 1 - 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFDF585CB9AF5959FAFBE6A9.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as U. (— Thalarctos) maritimus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB85A575EFC2CE2F7.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Immunological evidence suggests that Ailurus is more closely related to ursids than to procyonids; see Todd and Pressmann, 1968, Carniv. Genet. Newsl., 5: 105 - 108, and Sarich, 1976, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 33: 165 - 171. Corbet and Hill, 1980: 95, placed this monotypic genus in Ailuropodidae, but see comment under fulgens, and under Ursidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82F56A1FC2EE048.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, S. E. Himalayas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82F56A1FC2EE048.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yunnan and Szechwan (China); N. Burma; Sikkim; Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82F56A1FC2EE048.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Although this species is usually included in the Procyonidae because of its ringed tail, facial markings, and superficial resemblance of teeth and skull to Procyon, this species has no shared derived morphological characters that would place it here (SK). Thenius, 1979, Z. Saugetierk., 44: 386 - 305, and Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 255, placed it in the monotypic subfamily Ailurinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82F56A1FC2EE048.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5B76FC2FEE4D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza Prov., Sarayacu, near the Rio Bobonazo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5B76FC2FEE4D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador east of the Andes, and Peru to Cuzco Prov.; Bolivia; possibly into Venezuela.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5B76FC2FEE4D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See comment under Bassaricyon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5A6FFC20ED00.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Lower Essequibo, Bartica.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5A6FFC20ED00.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guyana, and possibly adjacent Venezuela and Brasil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB82A5A6FFC20ED00.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: A renaming of alleni Sclater, 1895, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895: 521 (not Thomas, 1880). Cabrera, 1958: 253, erroneously listed this species under the genus Bassaricyon as Bassariscus beddardi (SK).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB8535454FC2FEF40.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The several named forms of Bassaricyon are probably conspecific; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 335. This genus is being revised by SK.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB83452D3FC36E4FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Sylhet.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB83452D3FC36E4FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; Pakistan; N. India; China; S. E. Primorsky Krai (U. S. S. R.); Korea; Japan; Indochina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB83452D3FC36E4FA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in genus Ursus, subgenus Selenarctos by Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 249; and in subgenus Euarctos by Thenius, 1979: 293. Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 331; Corbet, 1978: 165; and Hendey, 1980: 98, considered it a distinct genus, Selenarctos.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585CB83452D3FC36E4FA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Selenarctos thibetanus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585DB82B59B9FCA7E6AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Limon, Talamanca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585DB82B59B9FCA7E6AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; W. Colombia; W. Ecuador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585DB82B59B9FCA7E6AC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes medias, richardsoni, and siccatus; see Cabrera, 1958: 253 - 254, and Hall, 1981: 979 - 980.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD0585DB82B59B9FCA7E6AC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Costa Rica).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A452C8FBA0E5E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Cartago, Estrella de Cartago, near source of Rio Estrella, 6 or 8 mi. (10 to 13 km) S. Cartago, about 4500 ft. (1372 m).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A452C8FBA0E5E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A45190FBA0E43F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui, Cerro Pando, between Rio Chiriqui Viejo and Rio Colorado (about 10 mi. (16 km) from El Volcan.)	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A45190FBA0E43F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A5570AFCA7E2A0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, near city of Mexico.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A5570AFCA7E2A0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Oregon, N. Nevada, Utah, S. W. Wyoming and W. Colorado, south through California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas (U. S. A.), to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico); Tiburon Isl. and several other islands in the Gulf of California.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A5570AFCA7E2A0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes albipes, raptor and saxícola; see Hall, 1981: 962 - 965. Records from E. Colorado, Kansas, Ohio, Louisiana, and South Carolina are probably not indicative of the present range (SK).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9CB5041FCA7E36F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Jentinkia; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 94; Hall, 1981: 961. This genus is being revised by SK.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A456D4FCA7E1AD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Mirador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A456D4FCA7E1AD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero and S. Veracruz (Mexico) to W. Panama.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A456D4FCA7E1AD.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes montícola and variabilis; see Hall, 1981: 965.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A456D4FCA7E1AD.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Costa Rica).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A7544DFBD1EE45.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Achotal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A7544DFBD1EE45.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Arizona and S. W. New Mexico, south through Mexico (except Baja California), Central America, and South America (except Chile) to Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A7544DFBD1EE45.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes narica; see Handley, 1966, in Wenzel and Tipton, eds., Ectoparasites of Panama, p. 789. Includes aricana, boliviensis, candace, cinerascens, dorsalis, maniuni, montana, quichua, solitaria, and vittata; see Cabrera, 1958: 244 - 249, and Hall, 1981: 975 - 976.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A7544DFBD1EE45.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as N. n. solitaria subspecies only (Uruguay).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A25A77FC9AED65.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A25A77FC9AED65.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585DB9A25A77FC9AED65.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes thersites; see Hall, 1981: 976.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585EB9A35994FC44E6C8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Bogota. Interpreted to be the mountains near the capital.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585EB9A35994FC44E6C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Colombia, W. Venezuela, and Ecuador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD1585EB9A35994FC44E6C8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Nasua olivacea, Gray, 1843, is a nomen nudum. Includes olivacea, meridensis, and quitensis; see Cabrera, 1958: 249, and also for discussion of type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB86C52D5FC44E5C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hernandez-Camacho, 1977, Caldasia, 11: 148, resurrected Bonaparte's 1838, family Cercoleptidae for this taxon, as a provisional arrangement, but Hall, 1981: 977, and SK consider it a procyonid.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84751F7FC44E317.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84751F7FC44E317.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Tamaulipas and Guerrero (possibly Michoacan) (Mexico) to the Mato Grosso of Brasil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84751F7FC44E317.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes chapadensis, megalotus, meridensis, modestus, nocturnus and prehensilis; see Cabrera, 1958: 249 - 252, and Hall, 1981: 977 - 978. A revision of South American forms is in preparation by R. M. Wetzel. Central American forms were reviewed by Kortlucke, 1972, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 17: 1 - 36; also see Cabrera, 1958: 250, and Husson, 1978: 288 - 289.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475618FC45E168.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475618FC45E168.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Costa Rica, Panama, and South America to N. E. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475618FC45E168.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes aequatorialis, nigripes, and proteus; see Cabrera, 1958: 243 - 244, and Hall, 1981: 974.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB847550CFD5DE055.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Barbados (Lesser Antilles).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB847550CFD5DE055.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB847550CFD5DE055.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Lotze and Anderson, 1979, Mamm. Species, 119: 1 - 8, who stated that gloveralleni, maynardi, and minor, may be conspecific with lotor. May be extinct; see Hall, 1981: 973.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475400FC45E0AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tres Marias Isis., Maria Madre Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475400FC45E0AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Maria Madre Isl. (P. i. insularis) and Maria Magdalena Isl. (P. i. vicinus).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84754CFFC44EE7F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Pennsylvania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84754CFFC44EE7F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Canada throughout U. S. A, (except parts of Rocky Mtns.), Mexico, and Central America to C. Panama.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB84754CFFC44EE7F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes hernandezii, hudsonicus, nivea, pallidus, psora, and pumilus; see Hall, 1981: 967 - 972. Reviewed by Lotze and Anderson, 1979, Mamm. Species, 119: 1 - 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475A19FC44ED66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bahamas, New Providence Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475A19FC44ED66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB8475A19FC44ED66.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with lotor; see Lotze and Anderson, 1979, Mamm. Species, 119: 1 — 8; but also see Hall, 1981: 973.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585EB86C57AAFC44E27C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by Goldman, 1950, N. Am. Fauna, 60: 1 - 153.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585FB8495912FC89E6B6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles), Pointe-a-Pitre (France).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585FB8495912FC89E6B6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guadeloupe Isl. (Lesser Antilles).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD2585FB8495912FC89E6B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with lotor; see Lotze and Anderson, 1979, Mamm. Species, 119: 1 - 8; but also see Hall, 1981: 973.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB992578BFC89E2F1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, probably Port Elizabeth.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB992578BFC89E2F1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa from Cape of Good Hope, north to Ethiopia; west to Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB992578BFC89E2F1.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99256A4FC89E045.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W. Java, Batavia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99256A4FC89E045.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; Burma; S. China and Hainan Isl.; Taiwan; S. E. Asia to Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Palawan Isl. (Philippines).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99256A4FC89E045.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Amblonyx; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 278, treated Amblonyx as a subgenus of Aonyx, as did Corbet and Hill, 1980: 99, and Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 559; but see Medway, 1977: 133, who considered Amblonyx a distinct genus; see also Davis, 1978, in Otters, IUCN Publ., N. S., 1.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99256A4FC89E045.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9955477FBA4EF97.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, " Lower Congo. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9955477FBA4EF97.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire, Congo Basin to Uganda and Niger.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9955477FBA4EF97.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes philippsi and microdon; subgenus Paraonyx; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 9.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9955477FBA4EF97.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as A. microdon. U. S. ESA - Endangered as A. (= Paraonyx) congica (= microdon).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9BB50BEFC89E3EE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Lutrinae. Includes Amblonyx and Paraonyx; see Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 559, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 278, and Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 9. Also see Medway, 1977: 133, who considered Amblonyx a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9BB50BEFC89E3EE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9925A9EFC8AEDE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bhutan Duars, E. Himalayas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9925A9EFC8AEDE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in China; ranges from Assam (India) and Burma to Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, and probably Perak in Malaya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9925A9EFC8AEDE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB9BB5A29FC89EEFB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Melinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99252E3FC89E5F1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cozumel Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD3585FB99252E3FC89E5F1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83F52EAFC3EE5BA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, near Valparaiso.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83F52EAFC3EE5BA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Chile; Peru; N. Argentina; Bolivia; Uruguay; S. Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83F52EAFC3EE5BA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes rex; see Kipp, 1965, Z. Saugetierk., 30: 193 - 232; but also see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 98, who listed rex as a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B8655275FC3EE6B1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mephitinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C51DEFC3EE371.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Straits of Magellan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C51DEFC3EE371.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Argentina and Paraguay south to the Straits of Magellan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C51DEFC3EE371.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes castaneus; see Kipp, 1965, Z. Saugetierk., 30: 193 - 232; but also see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 98, who list castaneus as a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C51DEFC3EE371.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as C. humboldti (sic).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C572AFC3EE390.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Alvarado.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C572AFC3EE390.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Gulf coast of Texas (U. S. A.), south along coast to Veracruz (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C572AFC3EE390.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be only subspecifically distinct from mesoleucus; see Hall, 1981: 1025.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C57CBFC3FE2B2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Hidalgo, near El Chico.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C57CBFC3FE2B2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, Colorado, Texas (U. S. A.), south to Nicaragua.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C57CBFC3FE2B2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with leuconotus; see Hall, 1981: 1025.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C56E6FC3FE10A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C56E6FC3FE10A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Veracruz, Tabasco, and Yucatan (Mexico) to Peru and E. Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C548BFC3FEF27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Veraguas, Calovevora.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83C548BFC3FEF27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa and Tamaulipas (Mexico), south to Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B8625597FC3FE0D1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Tayra Oken, 1816, is invalid; Galera Gray, 1843, is preoccupied by Galera Browne, 1789; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 337. Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B8625BBAFC3FEE3F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B8625BBAFC3FEE3F.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83D5A5AFC3FEC52.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Kamchatka, Commander Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83D5A5AFC3FEC52.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, coastal Hokkaido (Japan); Sakhalin Isl., Kurile Isis., Commander Isis., Kamchatka (U. S. S. R.), Aleutian Isis., and S. Alaska (U. S. A.) to Baja California (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83D5A5AFC3FEC52.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by Roest, 1973, Los. Ang. Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sei., 252: 1 - 17. Reviewed by Davis and Lidicker, 1975, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei., 4: 429 - 437; and Estes, 1980, Mamm. Species, 133: 1 - 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD45858B83D5A5AFC3FEC52.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Threatened as E. I. nereis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9C15270FC93E564.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Grison Oken, 1816, is invalid; includes Grisonella; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 337. Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985111FC9FE589.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Sao Francisco dos Campos, 1580 m.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985111FC9FE589.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peru to E. Brazil, south to S. Chile and Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985111FC9FE589.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Grisonella; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 337.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985033FC93E327.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Surinam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985033FC93E327.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi and Veracruz (Mexico) to Peru and S. Brazil, at lower elevations.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985033FC93E327.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes allamandi; see Krumbiegel, 1942, Zool. Anz., 139: 105, and Hall, 1981: 1006.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9985033FC93E327.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as G. allamandi only (Costa Rica).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B99B56ADFC93E1DE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Lapland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B99B56ADFC93E1DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic taiga and S. tundra, south to 50 ° N. (Eurasia) and 37 ° N. (North America).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B99B56ADFC93E1DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes luscus; see Kurten and Rausch, 1959, Acta Arct, 11: 1 - 44; but also see Hall, 1981: 1007.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9C157B9FC93E20B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Corbet, 1978: 174, attributed Gulo to Storr, 1780, Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 34. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 250, dated Gulo from Frisch, 1775, which has been rejected by the ICZN, Opinion 258, 1954. Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9C155E3FC93E0D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Zorilla Oken, 1816, is invalid; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 337. Subfamly Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B99854FCFC93EF11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B99854FCFC93EF11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to S. E. Egypt and Ethiopia, south to South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9C15BADFBF5EDD2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Lutrinae. Corbet, 1978: 176, dated Lutra from Brisson, 1762, Regn. Anim., 2 nd ed., p. 201, which was ruled an unavailable work; see Hemming, 1955, Bull. ICZN, 1 1 (6): 197. Includes Lutrogale (see Corbet, 1978: 176; Hall, 1981: 1029), and Hydrictis (see Ansell, 1978: 36). Van Zyll de Jong, 1972, R. Ont. Mus. Life Sei. Contrib., 80: 1 - 104, referred New World otters to Lontra; see Gray, 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 11: 118; but also see revision by Sokolov, 1973, Byull. Mosk. Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol., 78: 45 - 52, who regarded Lontra as a subgenus of Lutra, as did Hall, 1981: 1028.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD55859B9C15BADFBF5EDD2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB842527AFAF5E514.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Canada.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB842527AFAF5E514.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North America south to Arizona, Texas, and Florida (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB842527AFAF5E514.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes mira; see Van Zyll de Jong, 1972, Life Sei. Contrib. R. Ont. Mus., 80: 1 - 104.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB842527AFAF5E514.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425140FB38E439.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425140FB38E439.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: West coast of South America from N. Peru to Straits of Magellan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425140FB38E439.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425061FAECE38B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425061FAECE38B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America, W. South America south to Peru, E. South America south to Uruguay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425061FAECE38B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes annectens, enudris, incaruni, and platensis; see Van Zyll de Jong, 1972, Life Sei. Contrib. R. Ont. Mus., 80: 1 - 104; Genoways and Jones, 1975, Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ., 26: 1 - 22.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8425061FAECE38B.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as L. longicaudis. U. S. ESA - Endangered as L. platensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8455633FC47E172.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8455633FC47E172.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia (excl. tundra and desert); British and Japanese Isis.; N. W. Africa; S. India; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Vietnam; Sumatra; Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8455633FC47E172.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8445527FC47E0FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Orange River, Bambusbergen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8445527FC47E0FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Liberia to Ethiopia south to South Africa, except east coast and S. W. African deserts.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8445527FC47E0FA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Davis, 1978, in Otters, IUCN Publ., N. S., 1: 14 - 33, placed this species in genus Hydrictis, as does ND; but see Ansell, 1978: 36, who considered Hydrictis a subgenus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8445527FC47E0FA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB844549FFC46EFCC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB844549FFC46EFCC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iraq to Indochina, Malaya, and Sumatra. Possibly Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB844549FFC46EFCC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Davis, 1978, in Otters, IUCN Publ., N. S., 1: 14 - 33, placed this species in genus Lutrogale, as does ND; but see Corbet, 1978: 176, and Hall, 1981: 1029.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB844549FFC46EFCC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475BE9FB09EEEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, S. of Lake Nahuel Huapi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475BE9FB09EEEE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Patagonia (C. and S. Chile; W. Argentina).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475BE9FB09EEEE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475A88FC45ED0D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475A88FC45ED0D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Malaya; S. Kampuchea; S. Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD6585AB8475A88FC45ED0D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9B95277FC8AE69A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB993513FFC8AE5D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Patagonia, Rio Negro.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB993513FFC8AE5D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Argentina and S. Chile.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905089FC8BE257.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E. North America.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905089FC8BE257.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alaska and Canada south to N. California, south in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mtns, to 35 ° N.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905089FC8BE257.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with martes, melampus, and zibellina; see Anderson, 1970, Acta Zool. Fenn., 130: 132; Hagmeier, 1961, Can. Field Nat., 75: 122 - 138; and Corbet, 1978: 172; but see also Hall, 1981: 981; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 256 - 258.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9935602FB80E1AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9935602FB80E1AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Primorsky Krai (U. S. S. R.); Korea; China, west along Himalayan foothills to N. W. Pakistan; isolates in S. India, S. E. Asia, Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9935602FB80E1AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes gwatkinsi; see Corbet, 1978: 174; but also see Anderson, 1970, Acta Zool. Fenn., 130: 108, who considered gwatkinsi a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9935602FB80E1AA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as M. f. chrysospila subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB99355CCFC8BE0CB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB99355CCFC8BE0CB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and C. Europe, through Caucasus, to the Altai (U. S. S. R., Mongolia) and Himalayas; adjacent China; islands of Corfu, Crete and Rhodes.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905A64FC8CEC69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905A64FC8CEC69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tsushima, intro, on Sado Isl. (Japan); Korea; perhaps parts of China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9905A64FC8CEC69.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with americana, martes, and zibellina; see Anderson, 1970, Acta Zool. Fenn., 130: 132; Hagmeier, 1961, Can. Field Nat., 75: 122 - 138; and Corbet, 1978: 172; but see also Hall, 1981: 981; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 256 - 258. Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1967, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], 2 (1) p. 507, included Japanese and Korean melampus in zibellina; but also see Corbet, 1978: 173, 174.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB99054EEFC8CEE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB99054EEFC8CEE30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Britain; N. and W. Europe to W. Siberia, south to Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Elburz, and the Caucasus Mts.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB99054EEFC8CEE30.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with americana, melampus, and zibellina; see Anderson, 1970, Acta Zool. Fenn., 130: 132; Hagmeier, 1961, Can. Field Nat., 75: 122 - 138; and Corbet, 1978: 172; but see also Hall, 1981: 981; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 256 - 258.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFD7585BB9B951E8FC8AE4EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mustelinae. Includes Charronia and Lamprogale; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 244.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5274FC40E54D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E. Canada, Quebec.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5274FC40E54D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yukon to E. Quebec (Canada), N. W. U. S. A., Sierra Nevadas, N. Rocky Mtns., Great Lakes Region, New England, to N. Carolina (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5274FC40E54D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Powell, 1981, Mamm. Species, 156: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5168FC40E36B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Siberia, Tomsk Dist., N. of Tobolsk.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5168FC40E36B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ural Mtns, to Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin (U. S. S. R.); Mongolia; Sinkiang and N. E. China; N. Korea; Hokkaido (Japan); originally west to N. Scandanavia and W. Poland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5168FC40E36B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with americana, martes, and melampus; see Anderson, 1970, Acta Zool. Fenn., 130: 132; Hagmeier, 1961, Can. Field Nat., 75: 122 - 138; and Corbet, 1978: 172; but see also Hall, 1981: 981; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 256 - 258. Revised by Pavlinin, 1966, Der Zobel Martes zibellina L., Wittenberg. See also comments under melampus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B8725777FC40E39B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Melinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D563EFC4FE284.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D563EFC4FE284.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Scandinavia to S. Siberia, south to Israel; China; Korea; and Japan, and on Ireland, Britain, Balearic Isis., Crete, and Rhodes.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D563EFC4FE284.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes amurensis; see Corbet, 1978: 175.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D55E3FC4FE0A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D55E3FC4FE0A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Savanna and steppe from Nepal, E. India, and Turkmenia (U. S. S. R.) west to the Mediterranean, south to South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D55E3FC4FE0A3.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana and Botswana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B872551BFC4FE1B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mellivorinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5B84FC4EEEDB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N. Borneo), Kinabalu, 4000 ft. (1219 m).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5B84FC4EEEDB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84D5B84FC4EEEDB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Although resembling M. personata orientalis, this species is regarded as distinct by Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6, but as a subspecies of orientalis by Medway, 1977: 132.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B8725B3EFC4FEFD0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Melinae. Includes Helictis; see Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84C5AFCFC4EEDAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Canton.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84C5AFCFC4EEDAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Naga Hills near Manipur, Assam (India), to Taiwan; Hainan Isl., C., and S. E. China (SW), N. Laos, and N. Vietnam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC85844B84C5AFCFC4EEDAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes sorella, which may be a distinct species; see Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9855274FB78E5E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S. Burma, near Rangoon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9855274FB78E5E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Rangoon (S. Burma) to Nepal and Assam (India), through Thailand and Vietnam; Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9855274FB78E5E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes orientalis, which may be a distinct species; see Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9AA51FCFC79E446.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mephitinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9855073FC79E369.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, mountains N. W. of Mexico City.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9855073FC79E369.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Arizona, S. New Mexico, and W. Texas (U. S. A.), through Mexico to N. Nicaragua.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B982570CFC79E255.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Canada (= Quebec).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B982570CFC79E255.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Northwest Territories to Hudson Bay and S. Quebec (Canada), south to Florida (U. S. A.), N. Tamaulipas, N. Durango, and N. Baja California (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B985550BFC7AE024.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, probably Para.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B985550BFC7AE024.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Amazon Basin in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B985550BFC7AE024.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Izor and de la Torre, 1978, J. Mammal., 59: 92 - 102, hypothesized a relationship between africana and felipei, and reopened the question of whether Grammogale is a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9825450FC7AEF47.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., S. W. Siberia, Altai Mtns.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9825450FC7AEF47.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Kazakhstan, S. and S. E. Siberia, Primorsky Krai (U. S. S. R.); Mongolia; Tibet, W. and N. China; Korea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9825B72FC7BEE18.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9825B72FC7BEE18.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tundra and forested regions of Palearctic, south to the Pyrenees, Alps, Caucasus, W. Himalayas, Sinkiang (China); N. Mongolia, N. China; and C. Honshu (Japan), and in the Nearctic south to C. California, N. New Mexico, N. Iowa, and Maryland (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B98B5ABDFC97EDB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Orenburgsk. ObL, S. of Orenburg, mouth of Khobda River, a tributary of Ilek River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B98B5ABDFC97EDB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and subdeserts of E. Europe, U. S. S. R.; Mongolia; W., C. and N. E. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B98B5ABDFC97EDB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possible ancestor of the domestic ferret, furo; see Corbet, 1978: 171; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 96. See Stroganov, 1962, [Mamm. Siberia], 2, [Carnivores], p. 335, for discussion of type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC95845B9AB5669FC79E151.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mustelinae. Includes Grammogale; see Hall, 1951, Univ. Kans. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 4: 1 - 466; but see also comment under africana. Includes Putorius and Lutreola; see Corbet, 1978: 168.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B5271FA4EE69E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Huila, Santa Marta near San Augustin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B5271FA4EE69E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Santa Marta (Huila, Colombia); Cauca (Colombia); (two localities separated by 70 km, on opposite sides of Cordillera Central).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84A513AFC41E5BE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Dist. Federal, Cuidad de Mexico.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84A513AFC41E5BE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Canada to Venezuela and Bolivia, excluding the S. W. deserts of the U. S. A.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B51DBFC41E4C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Kachar region.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B51DBFC41E4C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas from northern Pakistan through Nepal to Burma; S. and E. China; Indochinese Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B50F5FC41E3CC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Finland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B50F5FC41E3CC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: France; E. Europe to (originally) Ural Mtns, in W. Siberia (U. S. S. R.), south to Hungary and the Caucasus. In the last century, has spread east to the middle courses of the Irtysh and Ob rivers.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B57EFFC42E137.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B57EFFC42E137.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B84B57EFFC42E137.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 260, and Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 536, listed Java as part of the distribution of sibirica, inferring that lutreolina is included in that species; and were followed by Corbet, 1978: 170; but see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 394; Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1967, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], 2 (1), pp. 700 - 712, who considered lutreolina a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485560FC42E0D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Wyoming, Goshen Co., Fort Laramie.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485560FC42E0D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, S. Alberta and Saskatchewan (Canada) south to Arizona, Oklahoma, and N. W. Texas (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485560FC42E0D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Hillman and Clark, 1980, Mamm. Species, 126: 1 - 3.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485560FC42E0D5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485487FB7FEE59.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Vesterbotten.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485487FB7FEE59.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: The Palearctic (excluding Ireland, the Arabian Pen., and Arctic Isis.); Japan; the Nearctic in Alaska (U. S. A.), Canada, and U. S. A., south to Wyoming and North Carolina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485487FB7FEE59.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes rixosa; see Corbet, 1978: 169; but see also Kurten and Anderson, 1980: 150.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485A7CFC43ED40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485A7CFC43ED40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; Malaya; Sumatra; Java; Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5846B8485A7CFC43ED40.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes leucocephalus; see Hill, 1960, Bull. Raffles Mus., 29: 36. Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 540, credited the species name to F. Cuvier, 1821.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5847B8485975FC84E6B0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5847B8485975FC84E6B0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe (excluding Ireland and most of Scandinavia), east to the Ural Mtns. (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCA5847B8485975FC84E6B0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probable ancestor of domestic ferret, [uro.; see Corbet, 1978: 171; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 96.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B98852E5FC84E43B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., E. Kazakhstan, vic. of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Tigeretskoie.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B98852E5FC84E43B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tataria, Urals, Siberia, Far East (U. S. S. R.); Pakistan east to N. Burma; N. Thailand; Taiwan; China; Korea; Japan. Sakhalin (U. S. S. R.) (introduced).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B98852E5FC84E43B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes itatsi; see Corbet, 1978: 170. May include lutreolina; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 260 - 262, and Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 536, who listed Java in the distribution for this species; but also see comments under lutreolina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B989505EFC84E373.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B989505EFC84E373.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nepal east through Burma, Yunnan (China) (SW) and Thailand to Laos.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895725FC84E210.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Canada (= Quebec).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895725FC84E210.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North America from Alaska and Canada through all of U. S. A, except southwestern deserts.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895725FC84E210.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes macrodon; see Manville, 1966, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 122: 10; but also see Hall, 1981: 1004, who considered macrodon a distinct species. Introduced in Iceland, N. C. Europe, and Siberia; see Corbet, 1978: 170.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9AE56ADFBA5E12A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Melinae. Includes Suillotaxus; see Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B989554FFC84E04C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B989554FFC84E04C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java, Borneo, Sumatra and the Natuna Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B989554FFC84E04C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes ollula and lucifer; see Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895469FB19EF05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippine Isis., Palawan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895469FB19EF05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Palawan and Calamian Isis. (Philippine Isis.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9895469FB19EF05.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Referred to the genus Suillotaxus by Lawrence, 1939, in Barbour et al., Mustelidae in Mammal Collections from the Philippine Islands, 86 (2): 63 - 65. Considered a subgenus of Mydaus by Long, 1978, Rep. Fauna Flora Wise., 14: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9885A13FC83EE89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9885A13FC83EE89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Fringes of the Sahara Desert from Morocco and Egypt on the north, and from Mauretania and N. Nigeria to Sudan on the south.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCB5847B9AE5B9FFC83EE68.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B83D52F2FC3DE501.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, presumed to be Cape Colony (uncertain).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B83D52F2FC3DE501.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire, Uganda and Tanzania south to South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B861527CFC30E6C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8405065FC39E306.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana (= British Guiana), Demerara.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8405065FC39E306.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Major river systems of South America east of the Andes as far south as N. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8405065FC39E306.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Harris, 1968, Otters, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8405065FC39E306.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B862519CFC3AE433.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Lutrinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B868579BFC39E236.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Mephitinae. Revised by Van Gelder, 1959, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117: 229 - 392.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B843565CFB76E1DB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., South Carolina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B843565CFB76E1DB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Canada east to Minnesota and S. Pennsylvania (U. S. A.); south to Costa Rica.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B843565CFB76E1DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes gracilis and angustifrons; see Van Gelder, 1959, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117: 279; but also see Mead, 1968, J. Mammal., 49: 373 - 390.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B84355FCFC38E0C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sinaloa, Rosario.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B84355FCFC38E0C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa to Oaxaca (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B84355FCFC38E0C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes australis; see Genoways and Jones, 1968, An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton. Mex., 39: 123 - 132.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8435B4CFC47EEFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, " Labrador or Hudson Bay. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8435B4CFC47EEFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Canada to Baja California and Puebla (Mexico), east to Lake Ontario.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8435B4CFC47EEFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Long, 1972, J. Mammal., 59: 725 - 759, and Long, 1973, Mamm. Species, 26: 1 - 4. Type locality restricted by Long, 1972, J. Mammal., 59: 738.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B86954D8FC47EF28.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Melinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B8695A87FC46ED40.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamliy Mustelinae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B843597BFC46EC7F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Rostov Obi., steppes at lower Don River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCC5840B843597BFC46EC7F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and deserts of S. E. Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia; S. W. Asia (excl. Arabia); N. China and S. Mongolia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98C571BFC80E381.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Malacca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98C571BFC80E381.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Asia; W. Indonesia to Borneo and Java; Palawan (Philippine Isis.); Yunnan (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B9B250A5FC8FE37E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B9B5561DFC8FE2E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5693FC8FE1D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg (= Bogor).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5693FC8FE1D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Assam (India) through S. E. Asia and W. Indonesia to Borneo and Java; Yunnan (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5693FC8FE1D2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Van Bemmel, 1952, Beaufortia, 16: 23 - 41.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F545DFC8FEF73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Vietnam, Tonkin, Songkoi River, Yen Bai.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F545DFC8FEF73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Laos; N. Vietnam; Yunnan, possibly Kwangsi (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B9B555EFFC8FE03A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Hemigalinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5BD5FB6EEDDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guinea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5BD5FB6EEDDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zululand and Transvaal (South Africa) to Tanzania, N. Namibia, and Angola; C. and E. Africa to S. Somalia through Ethiopia to Kordofan (Sudan), and to Senegal in W. Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5BD5FB6EEDDA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Some authors have placed this species in Viverra; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 17; but also see Ansell, 1978: 38, who placed this species in Civettictis. Rosevear, 1974: 167, noted differences in scent glands; Petter, 1969, Mammalia, 33: 607 - 635, discussed dental differences.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B98F5BD5FB6EEDDA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as Viverra civetta (Botswana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B9B55B0EFD52EFA2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4. Formerly included in Viverra by Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 17; but see Ansell, 1978: 38; Rosevear, 1974: 167 - 168; Kingdon, 1977: 159.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCD5841B9D85272FC8FE419.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Does not include subfamilies Herpestinae Gill, 1872 (= Mungotidae Pocock, 1916) or Galidiinae Gill, 1872, (= Galidiina Gray, 1865); see Pocock, 1916, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1916: 349; Gregory and Hellman, 1939, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 81 (3): 309 - 392; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968, Chromosoma, 24: 336 - 382; Thenius, 1972, Grund. Verbreit. Saugetierk., pp. 223 - 224; Radinsky, 1975, J. Mammal., 56: 130 - 150; Wemmer, 1977, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 239: 2. The Viverridae differ from the Herpestidae in the shape and structure of the basicranial region, presence of perineal glands, civetone secretions, ear bursa, and marker chromosomes (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B87A527EFC57E6C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Cryptoproctinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85452ECFC55E4E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85452ECFC55E4E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85452ECFC55E4E6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Beaumont, 1964, Ecolgae Geol. Helv., 57: 837 - 845, placed ferox with the Felidae because of similarities in dental characters. Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 35; Thenius, 1972, Grund. Verbreit. Saugetierk., pp. 205 - 215, Radinsky, 1975, J. Mammal., 56: 140 - 142, and Albignac, 1970, La Terre et la Vie, 24: 395 - 402, placed ferox in the Viverridae. Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1: 72, suggested an intermediate position.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85452ECFC55E4E6.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8545768FC48E205.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8545768FC48E205.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malaya; Indochina; Sumatra; Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8545768FC48E205.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes lowei; see Pocock, 1933, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1933: 1035. WCW believes lowei may be a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8545768FC48E205.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B87D50FBFC56E34F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Hemigalinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8785698FC48E11F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Euplerinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4. Gregory and Hellman, 1939, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 81 (3): 809 - 892, suggested placing Eupleres in a separate family; but see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 33.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85355B8FB95E087.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Tamatave.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85355B8FB95E087.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85355B8FB95E087.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes major; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 33; and Albignac, 1974, La Terre et la Vie, 28: 321 - 251.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B85355B8FB95E087.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as E. goudotii and CITES - Appendix II as E. major.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B84E5BE7FC4CEEBC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B84E5BE7FC4CEEBC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B84E5BE7FC4CEEBC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Correct name may be F. fossana; see Coetzee, 1977, Part. 8: 33.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B84E5BE7FC4CEEBC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5842B8775B19FC4BEFB4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Fossinae; see Albignac, 1970, La Terre et la Vie, 24: 383; Petter, 1974, Mammalia, 38: 605 - 636.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCE5843B8775AC1FC83E694.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4. For reviews, see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161; Schlawe, 1981, Zool. Abh. Staat. Mus. Tierk., Dresden, 37 (4): 85 - 182, Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 20; Rosevear, 1974: 177 - 220, Cabral, 1966, Zool. Afr., 2: 25,26, Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola., 6 (l): 3 - 33, Cabral, 1970, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola., 7 (2): 3 - 23, and Cabral, 1973, As genetas da Guine Portuguesa e de Mocambique, Lisboa. Under revision by Cabral and Schlawe (LS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B98B52C1FC83E5EC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Gondar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B98B52C1FC83E5EC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; N. Somalia	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9885188FC84E4A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Caconda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9885188FC84E4A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Angola; N. W. Zambia; S. Zaire; S. Tanzania; Mozambique; Malawi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9885188FC84E4A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes mossambica and hintoni; see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161; Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 6 (l): 3 - 33; Ansell, 1978: 39.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B98950D5FCA3E278.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B98950D5FCA3E278.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, south of the Sahara; S. Arabian Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B98950D5FCA3E278.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes guardafuensis, senegalensis, dongolana, granti, neumanni, bella, pulchra, and ludia; see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 - 161. Rosevear, 1974: 193, recognized senegalensis as a distinct species. See also comments under genetta.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895622FC84E07C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, El Pardo, near Madrid.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895622FC84E07C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, N. W. of the Sahara to Libya; Egypt; Palestine; Iberia; Balearic Isis.; and S. France to the Rhone River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895622FC84E07C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Rosevear, 1974: 193, separated senegalensis from genetta; but see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 20, Kingdon, 1977: 136 - 143, and Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 6 (1): 3 — 33. Schlawe, 1980, considered senegalensis a subspecies of G. felina. Includes afra, bonapartei, barbara, terraesanctae, rhodanica, and isabelae; see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161, who also provisionally separated felina from genetta; but also see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 20; Ansell, 1978: 39; and Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 6 (1): 3 — 33.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895419FB8AEF68.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, W. of Putu Mtns., W. of Cavally River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895419FB8AEF68.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; Ghana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895419FB8AEF68.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes lehmanni; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 20; Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895B0CFBA1ED01.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: C. Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895B0CFBA1ED01.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, south of the Sahara to Bioko; Angola, Botswana and Natal (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFCF5843B9895B0CFBA1ED01.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with tigrina; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 22; Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161; Pringle, 1977, Ann. Natal Mus., 23 (1): 93 - 115; but also see Ansell, 1978: 39. Includes pardina, amer (sensu Schwartz, 1930, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 19: 275 - 286), poensis, deorum, genettoides, rubiginosa, suahelica, fieldiana, aequatorialis, stuhlmanni, and bini (not a synonym of servalina); see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161. See also Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 6 (1): 3 — 33, who considered maculata to consist of two species, poensis, and pardina (including rubiginosa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB859527EFC54E5AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB859527EFC54E5AF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Equatorial Africa, E. of the mouth of the Niger River, possibly to Mt. Elgon (Kenya), south to the Congo River and 7 ° S.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB859527EFC54E5AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes cristata, and aubryana, but not bini (sensu Rosevear, 1974: 200 - 201), which may actually be a junior synonym of maculata; see Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 1 10 - 127; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 21 - 22; Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 - 161; Cabral, 1970, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 7 (2): 323.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85951C8FB7CE362.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Togo, Borugu, 10 ° 46 ' N., 0 ° 34 ' E.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85951C8FB7CE362.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Mauritania to Cameroun.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85951C8FB7CE362.taxon	discussion	COMMENT :: Includes villiersi Dekeyser 1949; see Kuhn, 1960, Saugetierk. Mitt., 8: 154 - 160; Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 - 161; Cabral, 1969, Bol. Inst. Invest. Cient. Angola, 6 (l): 3 - 33; Rosevear, 1974: 214 - 217.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8575716FC56E202.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8575716FC56E202.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From the Cape of Good Hope to S. Natal (South Africa) and Lesotho.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8575716FC56E202.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be conspecific with maculata or with angolensis; see Schlawe, 1980, Faun. Abh. Staat. Mus. J. Tierk., Dresden, 7 (15): 147 — 161; Ansell, 1978: 40; Pringle, 1977, Ann. Natal Mus., 23 (l): 100 - 101; Cabral, 1966, Zool. Afr., 2: 25 - 26. See also comments under maculata.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85756B5FC56E1A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Semliki River, 17 km W. of Beni.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85756B5FC56E1A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Zaire, mountainous regions.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB85756B5FC56E1A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Thomas listed the type locality as " Entebbe, Uganda " from a specimen collected by Sir Harry Johnston. Allen, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 47: 132, noted that according to Johnston, 1902, The Uganda Protectorate, 1: 205, it was collected on the Semlike River in Zaire, not at Entebbe.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555B09FC48EE59.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555B09FC48EE59.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sipora Isl., South Pagi Isl. (W. Sumatra); Borneo; Sumatra; Malaya; Thailand; peninsular Burma.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555B09FC48EE59.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555A03FC48EDDC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak, Mt. Dulit, 4000 ft. (1219 m).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555A03FC48EDDC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB8555A03FC48EDDC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Diplogale; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 341; Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 402; Medway, 1977: 137; but also see Bouliere, 1955, in Grasse, Traite de Zool., 17: 260; Ducker, 1965, Hand. Zool. Berlin, 10 (20 a): l- 48, Walker et al., 1968, Mammals of the World, p. 1241, and Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 118.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC0584CB87A543EFC57EF6E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Hemigalinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4. Includes Diplogale; see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 402, and Medway, 1977: 137; but also see Bourliere, 1955, in Grasse, Traite de Zool., 17: 260; Walker et al., 1968, Mammals of the World, p. 124; and Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 118, who separated D. hosei from Hemigalus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87C52EAFC70E509.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, N. Sulawesi (" N. Celebes ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87C52EAFC70E509.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9A55275FC70E6B1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87D500BFC70E371.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (" Fernando Po ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87D500BFC70E371.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea-Bissau to Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique; Bioko; Angola; S. Sudan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9A25194FC70E46E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9A2570CFC7FE3A0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4. Probably congeneric with Genetta (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87F57D4FC7FE2F8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire (" Congo Beige "), Niapu.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87F57D4FC7FE2F8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9A45686FC7FE140.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87F5574FC7FE095.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Canton.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87F5574FC7FE095.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India and Nepal, China north to Hopei and Shansi; vic. Peking; Hainan Isl. (China); Taiwan; Thailand; Malaya; Vietnam; Sumatra; N. Borneo; Viper Isl. (S. Andaman Isis.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB87F5574FC7FE095.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hamilton-Smith type locality unknown. Gray first assigned the name to two specimens collected by J. R. Reeve from Canton, China; see Pocock, 1934, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1934: 666 (WCW). Probably includes lanígera (SW); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 290.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9A45B28FC7CEFFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Paradoxurinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9815B9EFC7DEECC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9815B9EFC7DEECC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka and India to S. China, Hainan Isl., and Malaysia; Philippine Isis.; W. Indonesia (incl. Lesser Sunda Isis.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9815B9EFC7DEECC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Scattered records in Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Aru Isis, probably result from introduction (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9815AE8FC7DED02.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Madras, Palni Hills, Kodaikanal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC1584DB9815AE8FC7DED02.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB8505271FC4BE69C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka (" Ceylon ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB8505271FC4BE69C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB8765122FC4BE5CF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4. May be congeneric with Prionodon (PG, WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85051EAFC4BE269.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (" Fernando Po ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85051EAFC4BE269.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Bioko; Cameroun; Gabon; Congo Republic; Zaire.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85051EAFC4BE269.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes liberiensis (replaces leightoni, a lapsus); see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 18. Rosevear, 1974: 227, raised leightoni to the species level based on white versus offwhite ventral coloration and presence of more or less continuous dark spinal line despite his comment earlier in the same work, on the unreliability of such characters (p. 186 - 188). He also supported the distinction with a recent record and a distributional gap with other known forms. Poiana records are few and scattered; recent studies of Poiana placed leightoni as a subspecies; see de Beaufort, 1965, Mammalia, 29: 275 - 280; Michaelis, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 1 - 110; Kingdon, 1977: 159. No skulls of leightoni are known (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB8765675FC4BE298.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4. Probably includes Poiana (PG, WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB851553DFC4BE1BA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Malacca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB851553DFC4BE1BA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bankga Isl.; Java; Borneo; Billiton Isl.; peninsular Burma to Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB851553DFC4BE1BA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85155DEFC4BE0DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85155DEFC4BE0DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. India to N. Indochina; Nepal; Sikkim.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB85155DEFC4BE0DD.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB87554E1FC4BEF0A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 11 (1): 4. Does not include Civettictis; see Kingdon, 1977: 159; Ansell, 1978: 38; but also see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 17.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5BAFFC4BEE2A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Prome.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5BAFFC4BEE2A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. India; Burma; Thailand; Indochina; Malaya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5BAFFC4BEE2A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as V. m. civettina subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5A4EFC4BED12.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W. Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5A4EFC4BED12.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malaya; Sumatra; Rhio-Lingga Arch.; Bangka Isl.; Borneo; Karimata IsL; Sulawesi; Buru; Amboina; Philippine Isis.; Langkawi Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC2584EB84C5A4EFC4BED12.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Introduced to many S. E. Asian Isis (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9865525FC86E1CA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9865525FC86E1CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Ethiopia; Nigeria to Gambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9865445FC85EF35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Tette, Boror.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9865445FC85EF35.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique; Malawi; Zambia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zanzibar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9865445FC85EF35.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Rosevear, 1974: 321, for discussion of type description.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875B60FC85EEBB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mianzini, near Lake Naivasha.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875B60FC85EEBB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Kenya; S. E. Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875B60FC85EEBB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Rosevear, 1974: 321, placed jacksoni in the genus Galeriscus; but also see Kingdon, 1977: 245; Sale and Taylor, 1970, J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc., 28 (2): 10 - 15; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 24. Kingdon, 1977, considered jacksoni conspecific with nigripes, as does PG; but also see Rosevear, 1974: 322; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 24, who noted skull and skin differences.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875ADEFC86ED8A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875ADEFC86ED8A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nigeria to N. Angola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875ADEFC86ED8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Rosevear, 1974: 322, placed nigripes in the genus Galeriscus; but also see Kingdon, 1977: 245; Sale and Taylor, 1970, J. East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc., 28 (2): 1 C- 15; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 24. May include jacksoni; see Kingdon, 1977: 245.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9AC55D7FC85E013.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Galeriscus; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 24; Kingdon, 1977: 245.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9D25700FAC4E2F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Herpestinae Gill, 1872 (= Mungotidae Pocock, 1916) and Galidiinae Gill, 1872 (= Galidiina Gray, 1865); see Pocock, 1916, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1916: 349; Gregory and Hellman, 1939, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 81 (3): 309 - 392; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968, Chromosoma, 24: 336 - 382; Radinsky, 1975, J. Mammal., 56: 130 - 150; Wemmer, 1977, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 239: 2; Thenius, 1972, Grund. Verbreitierk. Sauget., pp. 223 - 224.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875200FC84E576.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9875200FC84E576.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. India; Nepal; Burma; Indochina; Malay Peninsula; north to Anhwei, Shensi, Chekiang and Kiangsu (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB9AB5104FC85E5DF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subfamily Viverrinae; see Gill, 1872, 1 1 (1): 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB98551F9FC85E37D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB98551F9FC85E37D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India to S. China and Hainan IsL, and Malay Peninsula; Taiwan; Java; Kangean IsL; Sumbawa; Bali. Introduced to Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC3584FB98551F9FC85E37D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: V. malaccensis is invalid; see Pocock, 1933, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 36: 629. Scattered distribution on many S. E. Asian Isis, due to frequent introductions (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B85352F5FC49E596.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Ubangi, Banzyville.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B85352F5FC49E596.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire; Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B85352F5FC49E596.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: C. alexandri and obscurus may be conspecific; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 29. However, alexandri is very distinct in cranial proportions, approaching Liberiictis kuhni (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B85251C2FC48E4D1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Dalia Tando.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B85251C2FC48E4D1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Angola; S. E. Zaire.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8795207FC49E6C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May include Liberiictis (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B853508BFC48E30A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B853508BFC48E30A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Cameroun.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8525633FC49E2C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Uitenhage.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8525633FC49E2C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; Namibia; S. Angola; Botswana; S. W. Zimbabwe.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8535552FAEBE0FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Central African Republic, N. of Ubangi on Upper Kemo River. (6 ° 17 ' N, 17 ° 12 ' E.)	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8535552FAEBE0FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Zaire; Central African Republic; S. Sudan; W. Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8535552FAEBE0FF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be congeneric with Helogale; see Hayman, 1936, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 18: 625 - 630, who also restricted type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B87856DCFD1CE129.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Helogale; see Hayman, 1936, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 18: 625 - 630.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8505B1CFC4BEFCE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Tamatave.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8505B1CFC4BEFCE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8505A6EFB83ED1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8505A6EFB83ED1F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC45848B8505A6EFB83ED1F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes ornata and striata; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 34.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9AA527FFC78E692.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be congeneric with Dologale; see Hayman, 1936, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 18: 625 - 630.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98552C6FB97E581.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Gabridehari, 60 mi. (96 km) W. Gerlogobi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98552C6FB97E581.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Ethiopia; S. and C. Somalia; N. and C. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98552C6FB97E581.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes percivali; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 32.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B982503AFB8BE306.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Transvaal, Zoutbansberg.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B982503AFB8BE306.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia and Ethiopia to South Africa and Namibia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B982503AFB8BE306.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes ntacmillani, vetula, and victorina; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 31.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9825513FC78E0BB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9825513FC78E0BB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Arabia to S. China, and Hainan Isl. (SW) and Malay Peninsula. Introduced to the West Indies, Hawaiian Isis. (U. S. A.), and many other tropical regions.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9825513FC78E0BB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes palustris; see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 405; Michaelis, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 106; Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 121. Probably conspecific with javanicus; see Bechthold, 1939, Z. Saugetierk., 14: 147; but also see comment under javanicus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98454DEFC87EFA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Malacca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98454DEFC87EFA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia; Philippine Isis.; Borneo; Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B98454DEFC87EFA4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probably includes hosei and fuscus; see Bechthold, 1939, Z. Saugetierk., 14: 140 - 141.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9845BD0FC87EEFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Madras.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9845BD0FC87EEFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. C. Arabia to Nepal, India and Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9875A9FFC87ED33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9875A9FFC87ED33.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; S. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC55849B9AB579BFC78E169.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Xenogale; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 26; Hayman, 1940, in Sanderson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24: 623 - 725; but also see Rosevear, 1974: 329; and Ansell, 1978: 41. Also includes Galerella; see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 405; Michaelis, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 106; Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 122; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 26; Kingdon, 1977: 185; but also see Rosevear, 1974: 308; and Ansell, 1978: 41. For review of Asiatic forms see Bechthold, 1939, Z. Saugetierk., 14: 133 - 225.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC5584AB9845965FC41E6AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak, Baram River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC5584AB9845965FC41E6AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak (Borneo).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC5584AB9845965FC41E6AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probably conspecific with brachyurus; it is only known from the type specimen, which was slightly smaller and more reddish-brown than most brachyurus (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84A52CEFC40E5CD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Nile River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84A52CEFC40E5CD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa; Spain; Portugal; north around the E. Mediterranean to extreme S. Turkey.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D51E8FC4FE334.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, West Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D51E8FC4FE334.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java; Malay Peninsula; Thailand; Kampuchea; C. Vietnam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D51E8FC4FE334.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May include auropunctatus; see Bechthold, 1939, Z. Saugetierk., 14: 147; Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 121; Michaelis, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20: 106; but also see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 405; and Hinton and Dunn, 1967, The Mongooses, who considered auropunctatus a distinct species (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D5760FC4EE20B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroun, Cameroun River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D5760FC4EE20B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Nigeria to Gabon and Zaire.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D5760FC4EE20B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Xenogale naso; see Allen, 1919, J. Mammal., 1: 26 - 28; but see also Rosevear, 1974: 329. Includes microdon; see Hayman, 1940, in Sanderson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24: 623 - 725, and Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 26.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D56ADFC4EE1A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D56ADFC4EE1A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Angola; Namibia; South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84D56ADFC4EE1A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Galerclla by Allen, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 47: 176 - 178; Rosevear, 1974: 308; and Ansell, 1978: 41. Placed in the subgenus Galerella by Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 26.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84C55CCFB09EFAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Kordofan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84C55CCFB09EFAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84C55CCFB09EFAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Galerella by Allen, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 47: 176 - 178; Rosevear, 1974: 308; and Ansell, 1978: 41; but also see Kingdon, 1977: 185. Includes dentifer, granti, and ochraceus; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 27. Reviewed by Taylor, 1975, Mamm. Species, 65: 1 - 5.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84F5BCEFC4CEECA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mainland opposite Labuan (= Brunei).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84F5BCEFC4CEECA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo; Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84F5BCEFC4CEECA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May be a subspecies of urva; see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 405.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84F5AEEFB30ED00.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bombay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC6584AB84F5AEEFB30ED00.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E5216FC8DE684.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E5216FC8DE684.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. China; Taiwan; Nepal to Indochina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E5216FC8DE684.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May include semitorquatus; see Ewer, 1973, The Carnivores, p. 405.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E5130FC8DE5DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Travancore.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E5130FC8DE5DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. India; Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E507CFC8DE37A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E507CFC8DE37A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa; Oman.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB98E507CFC8DE37A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Taylor, 1972, Mamm. Species, 12: 1 - 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9B75700FC8CE25E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Although suggested by Hayman, 1940, in Sanderson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24: 623 - 725, to have a close relationship to Crossarchus, Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 23, considered Liberiictis a distinct genus. Probably should be included in Crossarchus (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB991567BFC8CE299.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Kpeaplay, 6 ° 36 ' N., 8 ° 30 ' W.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB991567BFC8CE299.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Liberia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9905540FC8DE06D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gambia, Cape St. Mary.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9905540FC8DE06D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia to Nigeria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965408FC96EFBF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Asia. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965408FC96EFBF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, N. to Sudan and W. to Niger and Gambia (PG), excluding Congo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965408FC96EFBF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Gmelin, 1788, gave the type locality as Asia but Ogilby, 1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835: 101, restricted it to Gambia. Thomas, 1882, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882: 90, believed it to be in the eastern part of South Africa, Cape Prov., as did Roberts, 1929, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 13: 84, and Allen, 1924, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 47: 155 - 156 (WCW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965A5DFB7CED25.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, W. coast.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965A5DFB7CED25.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFC7584BB9965A5DFB7CED25.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes lineata and substriatus; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 35.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B8775919FC4BED9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Antedated by Crocuta Meigen, 1800 (an insect), but this name has been suppressed in Opinion 678 of the ICZN, 1963, Bull. Zool. Nomenci., 20: 339 - 342. Reviewed by Ronnefeld, 1969, Saugetierk. Mitt., 17: 285 - 350.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B99B5A3FFC4CEE87.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included Protelidae; see Ansell, 1978: 44; Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 35; but also see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 343; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 103.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84952A8FC41E544.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zimbabwe, near Bulawayo, Essex Vale.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84952A8FC41E544.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Southern Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84C5B30FC4DEFA5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Somerset East, near Little Fish River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84C5B30FC4DEFA5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Central African Republic; E. and S. Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84C5B30FC4DEFA5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Botswana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B99855EBFC5CE009.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in the family Hyaenidae by many authors; see Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 343; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 103; but also see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 35; and Ansell, 1978: 44.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84851F6FC40E4E4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malawi, Zomba.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84851F6FC40E4E4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Zaire; Tanzania; Malawi; C. and N. Mozambique; Zambia; Zimbabwe, N. South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B8485715FB6BE203.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B8485715FB6BE203.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B8485715FB6BE203.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes olivacea and unicolor; Geoffroy, 1839, noted that his 1837 species name, unicolor, was a typographical error and should have been concolor; see Coetzee, 1977, Part 8: 35.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84D553AFC4FE1D7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF85874B84D553AFC4FE1D7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola; Namibia; South Africa; S. Botswana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B9C754B5FC9DEF71.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Availability of Brookes catalogue names is uncertain (CPG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99E5B24FC9EEE45.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99E5B24FC9EEE45.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and savanna zones from Baluchistan through Iran and Turkmenia (U. S. S. R.) to N. E. Arabia; widespread in Africa except the Sahara; formerly India and Egypt.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99E5B24FC9EEE45.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99D520FFC90E520.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99D520FFC90E520.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and E. Africa, west to Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99D520FFC90E520.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subspecies reviewed by Matthews, 1939, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1939: 237 - 260. Type locality restricted by Cabrera, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 95.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B9E95681FC90E028.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The generic classification of this family is unstable; see Guggisberg, 1975, The Wild Cats of the World, 328 pp. Due to inconsistencies of the dates of publication for Schreber's names in the literature, we follow Sherborn, 1892, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891: 587 - 592 (NAN).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B9E95681FC90E028.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II except Felis catus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B9C55A58FC9FED88.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Herpailurus, Leopardus, Lynchailurus, Oreailurus, Pardofelis, Prionailurus, Profelis, and Puma, which are all considered valid genera by CPG; also includes Badiofelis, Chaus, Leptailurus, Mayailurus, and Otocolobus; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 104, Corbet, 1978: 180, and Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1: 71. Felis is in need of revision. The number and content of genera that should be recognized is in dispute; see Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1: 71, and Weigel, 1961, Saugetierk. Mitt., 9: 120. See also comments under Lynx and Panthera.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A505FFC90E35C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A505FFC90E35C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa south of Zambesi River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A505FFC90E35C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B9C351BDFC90E43D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Pocock, 1934, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1934: 825; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 299. Brisson, 1762, where Hyaena was first used, is unavailable; see Hemming, 1955, Bull. ICZN, 1 1 (6): 197.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A5779FC90E2FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S. Iran, Laristan, Benna Mtns.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A5779FC90E2FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. and E. Africa south to Tanzania; Asia Minor to Arabia; Iran; Transcaucasia; Turkmenia (U. S. S. R.); India; Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A5779FC90E2FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality restricted by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 134. Reviewed by Rieger, 1981, Mamm. Species, 150: 105.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF95875B99A5779FC90E2FC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as H. h. barbara subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F5211FC3CE5EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F5211FC3CE5EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia to Kenya, south to Angola, S. Zaire, and Burundi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F5211FC3CE5EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality is uncertain; see Gray, 1838, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 1: 27, for the Sierra Leone information (IR); and Van Mensch and Van Bree, 1969, Biologia Gabon., 4: 236 - 269, for " probably between Cross River and River Congo " which was given in a review of the species (CPG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F5211FC3CE5EF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E518AFC3CE4D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E518AFC3CE4D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E518AFC3CE4D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Closely related to and perhaps conspecific with temmincki (CPG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E518AFC3CE4D8.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F50FDFC3BE2AB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bengal, Sunderbans.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F50FDFC3BE2AB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lower Amur (E. Siberia) through Korea and N. E. China and most of the Oriental region west to Baluchistan, and southeast to Taiwan; Philippine Isis., Java, Bali, and Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F50FDFC3BE2AB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes euptilura from E. Siberia; see Corbet, 1978: 184; but also see Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 285, who listed euptilura as a distinct species. Includes minuta; see Chasen, 1940: 108. See Heptner, 1971, Zool. Zh., 50: 1720, for discussion of systematics. Subspecies extremely variable (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83F50FDFC3BE2AB.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. b. bengalensis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E56D0FC3BE010.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, vicinity of Tongolo and Tatsienlu.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E56D0FC3BE010.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dry steppe from the eastern flanks of the Tibetan plateau in C. China north to Inner Mongolia; perhaps to Mongolia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E56D0FC3BE010.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The distinction between bieti and silvestris is dubious according to Haltenorth, 1953, Die Wildkatzen der alten Welt: eine übersieht über die Untergattung Felis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B83E56D0FC3BE010.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415445FC3AEF1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Dagestan, Terek River, N. of the Caucasus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415445FC3AEF1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Egypt to the Volga delta, east to Sinkiang, Tibet, Szechwan, Yunnan (China), and through India to Thailand and Vietnam; Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415445FC3AEF1A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415BBEFC3AEEB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valparaiso.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415BBEFC3AEEB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Brazil; S. and W. Bolivia; Argentina; Uruguay; Peru; C. Chile; Ecuador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415BBEFC3AEEB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes pajeros; see Osgood, 1943, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser., p. 79 - 84.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5876B8415BBEFC3AEEB6.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5877B8415AE1FC90E528.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5877B8415AE1FC90E528.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Argentina and C. Chile, north to British Columbia, S. Ontario, and Nova Scotia (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5877B8415AE1FC90E528.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Puma is considered a valid genus by CPG.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFA5877B8415AE1FC90E528.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. c. coryi subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. c. costaricensis subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. c. cougar subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C514CFC90E4FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Rio Negro.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C514CFC90E4FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay; Paraguay; Argentina; Andean Bolivia; S. Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C514CFC90E4FF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Ximenez, 1975, Mamm. Species, 54: 1 - 4. Frequently exhibits melanism (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C514CFC90E4FF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C509AFC90E3B2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valdivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C509AFC90E3B2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and C. Chile; S. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C509AFC90E3B2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality fixed by Thomas, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 12: 240, based on Philippi, 1870, Arch. Naturg., 36 (1): 41 — 43.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C509AFC90E3B2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C57E7FC9FE108.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Ryukyu Isis., Iriomote Isl., Haimida.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C57E7FC9FE108.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iriomote Isl. (Ryukyu Isis.)	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C57E7FC9FE108.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possibly conspecific with bengalensis; Imaizumi's key characters are polymorphic in bengalensis (Glass, 1979, 59 th Ann. Meet. Am. Soc. Mammal., p. 5); see Petzsch, 1970, Das Pelzgewerbe, 20: 3 - 7; Guggisberg, 1975, The Wild Cats of the World, p. 89; Glass and Todd, 1977, Z. Saugetierk., 42: 36 - 44.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C57E7FC9FE108.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. (= Mayailurus) irionwtensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C55B1FC9FE0DA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Potosi, near Argentinian border between Huanchaca and Potosi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C55B1FC9FE0DA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Chile; S. Peru; S. W. Bolivia; N. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C55B1FC9FE0DA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in subgenus Oreailurus by CPG.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B99C55B1FC9FE0DA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A554FFFC98EF91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., S. W. Transbaikalia, Buryat-Mongolsk. A. S. S. R.; S. of Lake Baikal, Kulusutai.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A554FFFC98EF91.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and semidesert from Caspian Sea to Kashmir, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and C. China, north to Inner Mongolia and east to Hopei (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A554FFFC98EF91.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A55BCBFC98EDFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, N. of Ouargla, near Negonca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A55BCBFC98EDFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deserts from S. Morocco; Senegal; Algeria; Niger; Egypt; probably Sinai; S. E. Arabia; N. Iran; Turkestan; Baluchistan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A55BCBFC98EDFF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes thinobia; see Corbet, 1978: 182. Revised by Hemmer et al., 1976. Z. Saugetierk., 41: 286. See also Schauenberg, 1974, Rev. Suisse ZooL, 81: 949 - 969 for geographic variation, distribution, systematics and ecology. F. marginata is a lapsus; see Gray, 1867, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1867: 275.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFB5877B9A55BCBFC98EDFF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8425201FC39E5F4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8425201FC39E5F4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. India and Nepal to Vietnam, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo. Probably S. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8425201FC39E5F4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Pardofelis is considered a valid genus by CPG. Type locality discussed by Robinson and Kloss, 1919, J. Fed. Malay St. Mus., 7: 261.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8425201FC39E5F4.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B84351A7FC3AE417.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Bechuanaland, near Kuruman.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B84351A7FC3AE417.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; S. Namibia; Botswana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B84351A7FC3AE417.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415041FC3BE233.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Hernandez.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415041FC3BE233.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Brazil, Paraguay, N. Argentina, and Peru, north to C. Arizona and Texas (U. S. A.). Arkansas (CPG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415041FC3BE233.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Leopardus is considered a valid genus by CPG. Type locality fixed by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 136.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415041FC3BE233.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. pardalis. CITES - Appendix I as F. p. mearnsi subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I as F. p. mitis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415666FC3CE155.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415666FC3CE155.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Thailand; Malaya; Sumatra; Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415666FC3CE155.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B83E5507FC3AE02B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Pondicherry.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B83E5507FC3AE02B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; Sri Lanka; Kashmir.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B83E5507FC3AE02B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Chakraborty, 1978, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 75: 478 - 479 for discussion of distribution.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B83E5507FC3AE02B.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Indian population only).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B841544EFC3AEF14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B841544EFC3AEF14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Morocco; Algeria; Subsaharan Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B841544EFC3AEF14.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. s. constantina subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415B47FB85ED94.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415B47FB85ED94.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deciduous woodland savanna and steppe from W. Europe to N. W. China and C. India; Morocco to Egypt, south to Sudan, S. Mauritania and Senegal, eastward to Ethiopia, through Subsaharan savannas to the Cape (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415B47FB85ED94.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: This name was placed on the official list by opinion 465 of the ICZN, 1957. Includes libyca, chutuchta, vellerosa and catus (worldwide), which was domesticated from this species; see Corbet, 1978: 181. F. s. vellerosa is probably a domestic cat (CPG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFC5870B8415B47FB85ED94.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae (The domestic cat, Felis catus, is specifically excluded from protection).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B998520DFC93E557.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B998520DFC93E557.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nepal, to Shensi and Kiangsi (China) (SW) south to Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B998520DFC93E557.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes tristis; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 312.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B998520DFC93E557.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985102FC93E42D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985102FC93E42D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Colombia to S. Brazil, Paraguay, and N. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985102FC93E42D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. tigrina. CITES - Appendix I as F. t. oncilla subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985048FB4BE3CA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kerala, Malabar Coast.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985048FB4BE3CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, east to Vietnam and Taiwan (SW); south to Sumatra, Java, and Bali.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985048FB4BE3CA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, restricted the type locality to " Malabar Coast. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9985048FB4BE3CA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99857EFFC93E11C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Bahia, near Rio Mucuri, Morro de Arara.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99857EFFC93E11C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Brazil, N. Uruguay, and N. Argentina, north to Oaxaca, S. Sinaloa (Mexico) and S. Texas (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99857EFFC93E11C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality determined by Allen, 1919, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 41: 357.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99857EFFC93E11C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. wiedii. CITES - Appendix I as F. w. nicaraguae subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I as F. w. salvinia subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99855B9FC93EF05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99855B9FC93EF05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Brazil to Peru, north to S. Arizona and S. Texas (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99855B9FC93EF05.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Herpailurus is considered a valid genus by CPG. First available type locality from Martin, 1833, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833: 3. Two color phases occur (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99855B9FC93EF05.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. y. cacomitli subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. y. fossata subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. y. panamensis subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as F. y. tolteca subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99D5A91FB88ED83.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Canada (= Quebec).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99D5A91FB88ED83.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Taiga zone of North America, south to C. Utah and S. W. Colorado, N. E. Nebraska, S. Indiana, and N. Virginia (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99D5A91FB88ED83.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in F. lynx by Corbet, 1978: 183, but given specific status by Matyushkin, 1979, Arch. Zool. Mus. Moscow St. Univ., 18: 76 - 162; and Werdelin, 1981, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 18: 37 - 71.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B99D5A91FB88ED83.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFD5871B9C35B98FA4EEEE6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Felis by Corbet, 1978: 182, but maintained as a separate genus by Matyushkin, 1979, Arch. Zool. Mus. Moscow St. Univ., 18: 76 - 162, and Werdelin, 1981, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 18: 37 - 71, who revised the genus. Includes Caracal; Matyushkin, 1979: 95, provisionally included the subgenus Caracal in this genus, but Werdelin, (op. cit.) retained Caracal as a distinct genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82E520EFB34E5D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope, Table Mountain.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82E520EFB34E5D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and savanna from Turkestan and N. W. India to Egypt, Algeria and Morocco; Subsaharan Africa in savanna zones.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82E520EFB34E5D2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Provisionally placed by Werdelin, 1981, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 18: 37 - 71, in genus Caracal; see also comment under Lynx.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82E520EFB34E5D2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and CITES - Appendix I as Felis caracal, Asian population only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82F5180FB5CE3F0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, near Uppsala, Wennersborg.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82F5180FB5CE3F0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Taiga forest from Scandinavia to E. Siberia and N. E. China; montane Europe (formerly widespread, now restricted to Balkans and Carpathians); Asia Minor through mtns, of C. Asia to Kansu, Tsaidam (Tsinghai), Shansi, and Szechwan (China); Sakhalin (U. S. S. R.); perhaps Sardinia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82F5180FB5CE3F0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Does not include canadensis or pardinus; see Matyushkin, 1979, Arch. Zool. Mus. Moscow St. Univ., 18: 76 - 162, and Werdelin, 1981, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 18: 37 - 71. Includes isabellina; see Corbet, 1978: 183.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82F5180FB5CE3F0.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C57A4FB2DE178.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Portugal, near Lisbon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C57A4FB2DE178.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iberian Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C57A4FB2DE178.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Felis lynx by Corbet, 1978: 182, but given specific status by Matyushkin, 1979, Arch. Zool. Mus. Moscow St. Univ., 18: 76 - 162, and Werdelin, 1981, Ann. Zool. Fenn., 18: 37 - 71. Probably a race of lynx (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C57A4FB2DE178.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Felis lynx pardina subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C5523FB49E018.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., New York.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C5523FB49E018.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. British Columbia to Nova Scotia (Canada), south to Oaxaca (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C5523FB49E018.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes oaxacensis; see Goodwin, 1963, Am. Mus. Novit., 2139: 1 - 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82C5523FB49E018.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. CITES - Appendix I as Felis (= Lynx) rufa (sic) escuinapae subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as Felis rufus escuinapae subspecies.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82D54EEFAD1EFB5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kwangtung, Canton.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82D54EEFAD1EFB5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nepal to Fukien (China) and Indochina; north to Shensi (China); south to Sumatra and Borneo; Taiwan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B82D54EEFAD1EFB5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFE5872B8535BC8FC20ED10.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: In accordance with the provisions of Article 80 of the ICZN code, Panthera is used instead of Leo. Includes Linda; see Corbet, 1978: 184; but also see Hemmer, 1972, Mamm. Species, 20: 1 - 5, and Heptner and Naumov, 1972, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vol. 2 (2): 21 1. Van Gelder, 1977: 13, included Panthera as a synonym of Felis. CAH prefers the use of Leo and does not agree with the interpretation of Article 80 of the ICZN code presented here.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC5201FCAEE52D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Constantine, Barbary.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC5201FCAEE52D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa (except tropical rainforests); Gir Forest (N. W. India).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC5201FCAEE52D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly in non-desert N. Africa; S. E. Europe, and S. W. Asia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC5201FCAEE52D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Felidae. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as P. I. pérsica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC514FFCAEE494.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC514FFCAEE494.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Argentina and S. Brazil to Peru, north to Oaxaca (Mexico) to S. Texas and N. C. Arizona, N. Baja California (Mexico), S. California, and S. W. and C. New Mexico (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC514FFCAEE494.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality subsequently fixed by Thomas, 1911. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 135. Frequently exhibits melanism (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AC514FFCAEE494.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF50C0FCAEE235.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF50C0FCAEE235.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Africa; S. W. Asia, north Caucasus and Kopet Dag, throughout Oriental region to Java, north to Korea and Amur region; Subsaharan Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF50C0FCAEE235.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality fixed by Thomas, 1911. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 135. Frequently exhibits melanism (AHS).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF50C0FCAEE235.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF5660FCAEE03A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bengal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF5660FCAEE03A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oriental region (except Borneo. and Philippines); north to extreme S. E. Siberia (U. S. S. R.); formerly in S. Caucasus, Asia Minor, N. Iran, Afghanistan, Bali, and Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF5660FCAEE03A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality fixed by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 135. Populations of sondaica (including balica) and virgata probably extinct (AHS). Reviewed by Mazak, 1981, Mamm. Species, 152: 1 — 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF5660FCAEE03A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (except P. t. altaica) and U. S. ESA - Endangered as P. tigris. CITES - Appendix II as P. t. altaica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF545DFCAFEE57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Altai Mtns. (U. S. S. R. or Mongolia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF545DFCAFEE57.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mtns, of Central Asia from Altai through the Tien Shan and Pamir Ranges to Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, and parts of W. and N. C. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF545DFCAFEE57.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality fixed by Pocock, 1930, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 34: 332. Corbet, 1978: 185, placed this species in Panthera, but see review by Hemmer, 1972, Mamm. Species, 20: 1 - 5, and Heptner and Naumov, 1972, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vol. 2 (2): 211, who retained the genus Uncia for this species, as do OLR and NAN.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF5873B9AF545DFCAFEE57.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF587CB9D7591AFC2BE6B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Arctophoca as a subgenus; see Repenning et al., 1971, Antarct. Res. Ser., 18: 1 - 34, who reviewed Arctocephalus. Van Gelder, 1977: 13, included Zalophus in Arctocephalus; but also see Hall, 1981: 1059.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFFF587CB9D7591AFC2BE6B9.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB83052E3FC2BE5A2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Falkland Isis. (U. K.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB83052E3FC2BE5A2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coasts of South America from Lima (Peru) to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Falkland Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB83052E3FC2BE5A2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E51D7FC2CE4C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Zealand, Southland, Dusky Sound.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E51D7FC2CE4C4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand and nearby subantarctic Isis.; S. and W. Australia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E51D7FC2CE4C4.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E50F1FC2CE265.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Galapagos Isis., Wenman Isl. (Ecuador).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E50F1FC2CE265.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Galapagos Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E50F1FC2CE265.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Clark, 1975, Mamm. Species, 64: 1 - 2. Considered conspecific with australis by Scheffer, 1958, Seals, sealions, and walruses, Stanford Univ. Press, 179 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E50F1FC2CE265.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5610FC2CE16E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kerguelen Isis. (France).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5610FC2CE16E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands S. of Antarctic convergence (Kerguelen, S. Sandwich, S. Orkney, Heard, Bouver, S. Georgia, S. Shetland Isis).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5610FC2CE16E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E550BFC2CE025.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Juan Fernandez Isl., Robinson Crusoe Isl. (Chile).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E550BFC2CE025.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Juan Fernandez Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E550BFC2CE025.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Arctophoca; see Repenning et al., 1971, Antarct. Res. Ser., 18: 1 - 34.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E550BFC2CE025.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5450FC2CEFC0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5450FC2CEFC0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. Africa from Angola to Cape of Good Hope; S. E. Australia; Tasmania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5450FC2CEFC0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes doriferus and tasmanicus; see Repenning et al., 1971, Antarct. Res. Ser., 18: 1 - 34.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5450FC2CEFC0.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5BF4FC2DED7C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Guadalupe Isl., Fondeadero del Oeste (West Anchorage).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5BF4FC2DED7C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guadalupe Isl. (Mexico); Channel Isis. (California, U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5BF4FC2DED7C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Arctophoca; see Repenning et al., 1971, Antarct. Res. Ser., 18: 1 - 34. Considered conspecific with philippii by Scheffer, 1958, Seals, sealions, and walruses, Stanford Univ. Press, 179 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587CB82E5BF4FC2DED7C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587DB82F5918FCAEE6A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Australasian Sea ". No exact locality; probably Amsterdam Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587DB82F5918FCAEE6A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands N. of Antarctic Convergence (Tristan, Gough, Marion, Crozet, Amsterdam, Macquarie Isis.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587DB82F5918FCAEE6A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Considered conspecific with doriferus by Scheffer, 1958, Seals, sealions, and walruses, Stanford Univ. Press, 179 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF0587DB82F5918FCAEE6A9.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9AE5150FCAEE446.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Commander Isis., Bering Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9AE5150FCAEE446.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific, in Okhotsk and Bering Seas; Commander and Pribilof Isis., south to Japan, Shantung (China) (SW), and S. California (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9AE50F0FCADE265.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Northern part of the Pacific Ocean ". U. S. S. R., Commander Isis., Bering Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9AE50F0FCADE265.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Pacific, from Hokkaido (Japan) to S. California (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9AE50F0FCADE265.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Type locality from Ognev, 1935, [Mamm. U. S. S. R., Adjac. Count.], 3: 361; but see Heptner and Naumov, 1976, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], 2 (3): 718, who gave " E. coast of Kamchatka. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B156C0FCADE1B6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B156C0FCADE1B6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Houtmans Abrolhos (Western Australia) to Kangaroo Isl. (South Australia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9D75678FCADE294.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Does not include Phocarctos; see Rice, 1977; King, 1960, Mammalia, 24: 445 - 456.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B15467FBA0EF0D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Probably Falkland Isis. (U. K.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B15467FBA0EF0D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South American coasts from Peru to Uruguay; Falkland Isl. Occasionally north to coast of Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B15467FBA0EF0D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes flavescens as a synonym; see King, 1978, J. Mammal., 59: 861; but also see Pine et al., 1978, Mammalia, 42: 110 - 111.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B75AB5FCB7ED21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Zealand, Auckland Isis. (" Falkland Isis, and CapeHorn, " obviously an error).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9B75AB5FCB7ED21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subantarctic islands of New Zealand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF1587DB9DD5B96FCB7EE03.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Some authors (Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 349; Corbet and Hill, 1980) include this genus in Neophoca; but see Rice, 1977, and King, 1960, Mammalia, 24: 445 - 456.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB831547EFC2AEF44.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S. Greenland and Newfoundland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB831547EFC2AEF44.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from Newfoundland (Canada) to S. Greenland, Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya (U. S. S. R.). Occasionally south to Portugal and Florida (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB8315BF4FC2AEEE0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: North Atlantic, S. Greenland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB8315BF4FC2AEEE0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar Arctic seas, south to Hokkaido (Japan) and Newfoundland (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB831591FFC2AED9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Greenland (Denmark).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB831591FFC2AED9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Newfoundland area; Iceland; Britain; Norway; Kola Peninsula (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB9815031F9C8E4A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hall, 1981: 1061, considered Rosmarinae (= Odobenidae) a subfamily of Otariidae; but see Corbet, 1978: 186, and Corbet and Hill, 1980: 106.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB856573AFC2AE3A0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Although the names in Brisson, 1762 are invalid, Odobenus has been retained by Opinion 467 of the ICZN. Hall, 1981: 1061, used the generic name Rosmarus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83057D4FC2AE2AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N. Atlantic.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83057D4FC2AE2AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arctic seas; south as far as New England (U. S. A.), Great Britain, Scandinavia, Pribilof Isis., and Honshu (Japan) at least occasionally.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83057D4FC2AE2AC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83552D5FC37E5AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., California, San Francisco Bay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83552D5FC37E5AF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Pacific from Gulf of California (Mexico) to British Columbia (Canada); Japan; Galapagos Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB83552D5FC37E5AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The subspecies japonicus may be extinct (TRL).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF2587EB858520BFC29E6A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Arctocephalus by Van Gelder, 1977: 13; but also see Hall, 1981: 1059.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99E527EFC9DE692.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Falkland Isis. (U. K.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99E527EFC9DE692.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, in southern oceans.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99A5144FC91E4E4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Orkney Isl. (Br. Antarct. Trust Terr.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99A5144FC91E4E4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal areas of Antarctic continent. Occasionally north to South America, Australia, and New Zealand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99A5144FC91E4E4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Stirling, 1971, Mamm. Species, 6: 1 - 5, and Kooyman, 1981, Weddell seal: Consummate diver. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, x + 135 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99B5716FC93E26F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Scotia Sea (midway between South Orkney and South Sandwich Isis.) (Br. Antarct. Trust Terr.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99B5716FC93E26F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Antarctic seas, frequently on pack ice around Antarctic Continent.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99B568FFC93E10C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California, Bahia Tortola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99B568FFC93E10C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Alaska to California (U. S. A.) and Baja California (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99B568FFC93E10C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99855A8FC94E0FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Juan Fernandez Isis., Robinson Crusoe Isl. (Chile).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99855A8FC94E0FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subantarctic islands, including Macquarie, Kerguelen, and S. Georgia Isis. Formerly Juan Fernandez Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99855A8FC94E0FA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB9C55480FC90EF42.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Monachus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99C5B75FC91EE4C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Dalmacija (= Dalmatia), Cherso Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99C5B75FC91EE4C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean and Black Seas; N. W. Africa to Cape Blanc.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99C5B75FC91EE4C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Monachus spp. and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Monachus monachus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99D5A6FFC92ED34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Hawaii, Laysan Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99D5A6FFC92ED34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. W. Hawaiian Isis., from Nihoa to Kure.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF3587FB99D5A6FFC92ED34.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Monachus spp. and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Monachus schauinslandi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF35878B99B5967FC2BE690.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica, Pedro Cays, 80 km. south of Jamaica.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF35878B99B5967FC2BE690.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean Sea and Yucatan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF35878B99B5967FC2BE690.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: " Extinct since the early 1950 ' s; " see Kenyon, 1977, J. Mammal., 58: 98.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF35878B99B5967FC2BE690.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Monachus spp. and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Monachus tropicalis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B831514AFC29E466.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Antarctica, Ross Sea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B831514AFC29E466.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, Antarctic pack ice, particularly King Haakon VII Sea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B833579AFC29E237.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Caspian Sea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B833579AFC29E237.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Caspian Sea (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325663FC28E123.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Kurile Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325663FC28E123.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Okhotsk, W. Bering, Chukchi and Japan Seas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325663FC28E123.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly in Histriophoca; see Burns and Fay, 1970, J. Zool. Lond., 161: 363 - 394; but also see Corbet, 1978: 187.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325556FAAAE0FB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Greenland and Newfoundland (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325556FAAAE0FB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Atlantic and Arctic oceans from E. Canada to the White Sea (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8325556FAAAE0FB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Pagophilus; see Burns and Fay, 1970, J. Zool. Lond., 161: 363 - 394; but also see Corbet, 1978: 187.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B83254A3FC36EFCA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Coasts of Greenland and Labrador (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B83254A3FC36EFCA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean, Okhotsk, Bering, and Baltic Seas; Lakes Saimaa (Finland) and Ladoga (U. S. S. R.); Nettilling Lake, Baffin Isl. (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B83254A3FC36EFCA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Pusa; see Burns and Fay, 1970, J. Zool. Lond., 161: 363 - 394; but also see Corbet, 1978: 187.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8355BEDFC36ED66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., E. Kamchatka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8355BEDFC36ED66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Associated with pack ice in coastal N. Pacific, Bering and Okhotsk Seas, Aleutian Isis.; south to Kiangsu (China) (SW) and Japan; Aleutian Isis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B8355BEDFC36ED66.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes P. insularis Belkin, 1964; see review by Shaughnessy and Fay, 1977, J. Zool. Lond., 182: 385 - 419; largha was considered a subspecies of vitulina by Hall, 1981: 1181, and many earlier authors.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45878B859507BFC29E3FE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus; see Burns and Fay, 1970, J. Zool. Lond., 161: 363 - 394; Rice, 1977: 12 - 13; Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 297 - 300; but also see Corbet, 1978: 187, and Corbet and Hill, 1980: 107, who considered Histriophoca and Pagophilus distinct genera, as did Hall, 1981, who also separated Pusa. MN considers these to be distinct genera, but OLR, DWR, and JEK do not.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45879B8345911FCADE6B2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Lake Baikal; and " Lake Oron. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45879B8345911FCADE6B2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lake Baikal (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF45879B8345911FCADE6B2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Does not occur in Lake Oron; see Scheffer, 1958, Seals, sealions, and walruses, Stanford Univ. Press, p. 101.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF55879B9AE52E6FBB1E43D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF55879B9AE52E6FBB1E43D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kurile Isis.; Kamchatka; south to Kiangsu (China) (SW); Alaska to Mexico; Greenland and E. Canada to N. E. U. S. A.; Iceland; Britain and Europe; Seal Lakes, Ungava Pen. (Canada); Iliamna Lake, Alaska (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
03AB87D2FFF55879B9AE52E6FBB1E43D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes kurilensis and richardsi; see Shaughnessy and Fay, 1977, J. Zool. Lond., 182: 385 - 419. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413002004008001 as P. vitulina. 5301413002004005001 as P. kurilensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Carnivora. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 244-289, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352980
