taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFD16FC8BFC18.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Borneo " (= Buru Isl., Indonesia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFD16FC8BFC18.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. and C. Sulawesi; Buru (N. Molucca Isis.); Sula Isis.; Malengi Isl. (Togean Isis.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFD16FC8BFC18.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFB9FFC8AFA4E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Kakumegas (Kakamega) Forest, near Kaimosi, 7,000 ft.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFB9FFC8AFA4E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Liberia through N. Zaire to W. C. Kenya, N. Tanzania and S. W. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5CFB9FFC8AFA4E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Thomas, 1904, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1903 (2): 193 - 199, for designation of the type specimen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5AF9D1FCB5F929.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF5AF9D1FCB5F929.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, except equatorial and coastal W. Africa, and S. Cape Prov. (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF59F870FCB4F788.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa, Guinea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF59F870FCB4F788.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, excluding most of Namibia; Madagascar; Comoro Isis, (probably introduced).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF59F72DFCB4F5E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kalimantan, Banjarmasin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF59F72DFCB4F5E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra; Banka Isl.; Rhio Arch.; Malay Peninsula; Borneo; Palawan, Balabac Isl., Calamian Isis. (Philippines).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED70FF59F72DFCB4F5E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1961, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vyssha Shkola, p. 27, included verrucosus in this species, but Corbet and Hill, 1980: 117, listed it as a distinct species without comment.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED71FF59F5C9FC39FE73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim Terai.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED71FF59F5C9FC39FE73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sikkim; Bhutan; S. Nepal; N. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED71FF59F5C9FC39FE73.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Porcula; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 348.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE12ED71FF59F5C9FC39FE73.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECCF9A2FD29F858.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santiago del Estero, Llajta Manca.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECCF9A2FD29F858.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECCF9A2FD29F858.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Originally described from pre-Hispanic and subfossil remains; subsequently discovered alive (Wetzel et al., 1975, Science, 189: 379 - 381; see also Wetzel, 1977, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 3: 1 - 36); Wetzel, 1981, Carnegie Mag., 55: 24 - 32.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFE38FC39FC4F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFE38FC39FC4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and broadleaved forest regions of the Palearctic through S. E. Asia to Java, Flores, and Solomon Isis.; populations east of Bali are probably all introduced feral stock (JJM). Extinct in the British Isles, Scandinavia and Egypt; range generally more fragmented than formerly; introduced worldwide.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFE38FC39FC4F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes cristatus, vittatus, and domestic pig, " domestica ”; see Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1961, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vyssha Shkola, p. 27, and Corbet, 1978: 196.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFC54FC38FAFD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFC54FC38FAFD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java; Flores; Sulawesi; Saleyer Isl. (Sulawesi); Halmahera and nearby islands; Seram; Philippines; Madoera Isl. (Java).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECEFC54FC38FAFD.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes celebensis; see Laurie and Hill, 1954: 87. According to Lekagul and McNeely, 1977, Mammals of Thailand, pg. 661, known only from Java (i. e., excluding celebensis), where it occurs with scrofa without interbreeding. Regarded as conspecific with barbatus by Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1961, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vyssha Shkola, p. 27.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FEA7F83AFC3BF779.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Dicotyles; see Wetzel, 1977, Bull. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 3: 7; Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 13 - 14; Hershkovitz, 1963, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 76: 85 - 87.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECDF722FB23F606.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECDF722FB23F606.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to W. Ecuador, Brazil and N. E. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED71FECDF722FB23F606.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes albirostris; see Husson, 1978, The Mammals of Suriname, p. 353.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED72FECDF62BFC88FDC5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED72FECDF62BFC88FDC5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Argentina and N. W. Peru to N. C. Texas, S. W. New Mexico and Arizona (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED72FECDF62BFC88FDC5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Cabrera, 1961: 319; see also Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 140, for discussion of type locality. JJM and RMW follow Thomas in designating Mexico as the type locality of this species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE13ED72FECDF62BFC88FDC5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CF8A0FC88F6A4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Bactria " (= U. S. S. R., Uzbekistan, Bokhara) (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CF8A0FC88F6A4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Exists in the wild only in S. W. Mongolia, Kansu, Tsinghai, and Sinkiang (China) (SW); domesticated in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, U. S. S. R., Mongolia, and China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CF8A0FC88F6A4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes ferus Przewalski, 1883, based on wild specimen; bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, has priority (IUK). Produces fertile hybrids with dromedarius; though their distributions merge, breeding is regulated (as all individuals are domesticated in the zone of contact) (IUK). Corbet, 1978: 197, citing Gray, 1954, stated that male hybrids are sterile.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CF8A0FC88F6A4.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. ferus (= bactrianus).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF35FD2EFC88FC6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Coryndon, 1977, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. Ser. B Palaeontol. Geol. Phys. Chem., 80: 61 - 71, argued that Hexaprotodon is the oldest valid name for this genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CFC30FC88FB48.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, St. Paul's River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CFC30FC88FB48.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Discontinuous, in forests of West Africa, from Sierra Leone to Nigeria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5CFC30FC88FB48.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5DFAD0FC88F9D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Nile River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5DFAD0FC88F9D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: River systems of subsaharan Africa; formerly to lower Nile River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5DFAD0FC88F9D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Extirpated in some localities, especially South Africa (except N. E.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED72FF5DFAD0FC88F9D6.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED73FF5DF68EFC54FE1E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Africa, " deserts of Libya and Arabia, (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED73FF5DF68EFC54FE1E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extinct in the wild and unknown as fossil; domesticated in North Africa, Arabia, Mediterranean, Balkans, and Middle East; introduced into Australia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE10ED73FF5DF68EFC54FE1E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Produces fertile hybrids with bactrianus; though their distributions merge, breeding is regulated (as all individuals are domesticated in the zone of contact) (IUK). Corbet, 1978: 197, citing Gray, 1954, stated that male hybrids are sterile. Bohldeen, 1961, Z. Tierzucht. Zuchtungsbiol., 76: 107 - 113, considered dromedarius a synonym of bactrianus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9F7E6FC57F71F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Bulham Creek.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9F7E6FC57F71F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Gabon to Zaire and Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9F7E6FC57F71F.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FE94FDFDFC54FD6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Should probably include Vicugna (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFD35FC54FC4D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Andes (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFD35FC54FC4D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Domesticated in S. Peru; W. Bolivia; N. W. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFD35FC54FC4D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Should probably include guanicoe (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFC56FBFAFBB3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Andes.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFC56FBFAFBB3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordilleras of the Andes, in S. Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile; Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego; Navarino Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAFC56FBFAFBB3.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9FB78F938FAE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9FB78F938FAE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Domesticated in S. Peru; W. Bolivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEB9FB78F938FAE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Often regarded as a synonym for glama; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 118.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAF634FC56F54E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W. Java, Udjon Kulon Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBAF634FC56F54E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina; Thailand; Yunnan (China) (SW); Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Java; many adjacent islands.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FE94F6FDFC57F66E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Original citation, Brisson, 1762, Regn. Anim., 2 nd ed., 12: 65 - 68, is not available.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBCFA63FB27F971.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, to S. Ecuador and C. Bolivia. (= Chilean Andes, from Coquimo to Copiapo.)	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBCFA63FB27F971.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Peru; W. Bolivia; N. W. Argentina; N. Chile.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBCFA63FB27F971.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Should probably be included in Lama (PG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE11ED73FEBCFA63FB27F971.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF63FB8FFC83FAB1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF63FB8FFC83FAB1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Eurasia from Scandinavia and Baltic region east to Anadyr region, E. Siberia (U. S. S. R); south to Ukraine, S. Siberia, Mongolia, Manchuria; Heilungkiang (China); Alaska (U. S. A.); Canada; N. U. S. A.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F975FC80F88D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F975FC80F88D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Brazil to Paraguay and N. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F975FC80F88D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF3DFA53FC80F9AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth, 1963: 44 - 45; but see Koopman, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 397. Hershkovitz, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 71: 13 - 16, argued that the first valid use of the name was Gray, 1850.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F814FC81F6C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F814FC81F6C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W. Europe; W. and S. U. S. S. R; Turkey; Iraq; N. Iran, east through S. Siberia to N. and C. China; Korea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64F814FC81F6C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes pygargus; Stubbe and Bruholz, 1979, Zool. Zh., 58: 1402, provided evidence that pygargus (including tianschanicus and bedfordi) is a distinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF17FD05FC82FC28.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Moschidae; see Groves, 1975, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72: 662 - 682. Reviewed by Whitehead, 1972, Deer of the World, 194 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF65F5E0FC86F51A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kansu, 3 km above mouth of Kokusu River, Humboldt Mtns., Nan Shan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF65F5E0FC86F51A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Tsinghai, Kansu, Szechwan (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF3EF6C1FC86F63B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Axis, Dama and Hyelaphus; see Corbet, 1978: 199. Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 1 - 25, also included Elaphurus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF63FEB4FC82FE26.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF63FEB4FC82FE26.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; peninsular India; Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64FE0CFC82FD04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, S. Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE16ED74FF64FE0CFC82FD04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina; Thailand; Malaysia; Borneo; Balabac Isl. (Philippines); Sumatra; many adjacent isls.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FEBBFC20FDAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bihar, " banks of the Ganges. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FEBBFC20FDAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Sikkim; introduced in N. E. New Guinea; Hawaii, and New Zealand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FEBBFC20FDAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly placed in Axis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FD71FA8BFBDF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (introduced).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FD71FA8BFBDF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe; Iraq; W. Iran; formerly N. Africa; introduced in Australia, New Zealand, N. E. New Guinea (now possibly extirpated), and New World.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FD71FA8BFBDF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes mesopotamicus; see Corbet, 1978: 199. Formerly placed in Dama	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FD71FA8BFBDF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Dama mesopotamica only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as Dama dama mesopotamica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FBC4FC21FB3F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FBC4FC21FB3F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. and C. India; S. W. Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FBC4FC21FB3F.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FAE5FC23F766.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S. Sweden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FAE5FC23F766.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forest, moorland and alpine habitats of Europe, Caucasus and C. Asia to W. and N. China and Ussuri region (U. S. S. R.); N. W. Tunisia; N. E. Algeria; Corsica; Sardinia; North America from British Columbia (Canada) south to California, New Mexico, and Louisiana, east to New York and S. Carolina (U. S. A.) (now restricted to western areas and reserves in N. America). Introduced to South America and New Zealand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FAE5FC23F766.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes affinis, bactrianus, hanglu, macneilli, wallichi, xanthopygus, yarkandensis; see Corbet, 1978: 201. Includes canadensis, merriami, and nannodes; see McCullough, 1969, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 88: 1 - 209; Hall, 1981: 1084 - 1087.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC5FAE5FC23F766.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. hanglu subspecies only. CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. bactrianus subspecies only. CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia) and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. barbarus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. corsicanus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. macneilli subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. ivallichi subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. yarkandensis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC4F74BFC23F641.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Manipur.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC4F74BFC23F641.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India to Vietnam; Hainan Isl. (China).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED75FEC4F74BFC23F641.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED76FEC4F66BFCB4FDA6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED76FEC4F66BFCB4FDA6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan; E. China; Manchuria; Korea; adjacent E. Siberia; Japan; Quelpart Isis; Ryukyu Isis., Tsushima Isis. (Japan); Vietnam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED76FEC4F66BFCB4FDA6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes hortulorum, taiouanus and pulchellus, which were considered species by Imaizumi, 1970, Bull. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 13: 185 - 194. Reviewed by Feldhamer, 1980, Mamm. Species, 128: 1 - 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE17ED76FEC4F66BFCB4FDA6.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. grassianus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. keramae subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. kopschi subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. mandarinus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. taiouanus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF58FD8BFCB5FB80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bengal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF58FD8BFCB5FB80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India to Vietnam; Yunnan (China) (SW); Sri Lanka; Bawean Isl. (Indonesia); Calamian Isis. (Philippines).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF58FD8BFCB5FB80.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes calamianensis and kuhli; see Haltenorth, 1963: 54. Formerly placed in Axis and Hyelaphus; see comment under genus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF58FD8BFCB5FB80.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Axis (= Hyelaphus) calamianensis only. CITES - Appendix I as Axis (= Hyelaphus) kuhli only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Axis (= Cervus) porcinus annamiticus subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as Axis calamianensis only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AFBA9FC37FABA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Thailand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AFBA9FC37FABA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AFBA9FC37FABA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in duvauceli by Haltenorth, 1963: 58; but see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 120. Probably extinct; last specimen taken in 1932; see Harper, 1945, Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World, Spec. Publ. No 12, Amer. Comm. Intern. Wildl. Prot., New York, p. 436.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AFA7FFC8AF96E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis., Timor Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AFA7FFC8AF96E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; Timor; Flores; Java; Bali; Buru; Seram; Molucca Isis.; various adjacent islands. Introduced into N. Australia, New Zealand, New Britain Isl.; S. C. New Guinea, and islands off N. E. coast of New Guinea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AF934FB8DF7F4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AF934FB8DF7F4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines; Bonin Isis.; Borneo; Sumatra to India and S. and C. China; Hainan Isis. (China); Taiwan; Guam (Marianna Isis.); Siberut Isl.; Sipora Isl.; Pagi Isis.; Nias Isl.; Sri Lanka.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5AF934FB8DF7F4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes alfredi and mariannus; see Whitehead, 1972, Deer of the World, p. 160. PG believes mariannus and alfredi are valid species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5BF73AFC88F650.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, Moupin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE14ED76FF5BF73AFC88F650.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and C. China; N. Burma.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFE41FAE3FD67.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Chihli, Pekin, Imperial Hunting Park.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFE41FAE3FD67.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly N. China; now present only in parks and zoos	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFE41FAE3FD67.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Elaphurus by Corbet, 1978: 201; but see Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 1 - 25.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBCFC94FAFBFBEC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivian Andes, near La Paz.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBCFC94FAFBFBEC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes from Ecuador to N. W. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBCFC94FAFBFBEC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFBB5FC54FACD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chilean Andes, Colchagua Prov.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFBB5FC54FACD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of S. Chile and S. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBBFBB5FC54FACD.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FE95FD27FC55FC8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth, 1963: 44, 46.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBAFA54FC54F9AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kiangsu, Chingkiang, Yangtze River, Deer Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEBAFA54FC54F9AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lower Yangtze Basin, west to Hupei (China); Korea; introduced in England and France.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB9F8DDFC56F78A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB9F8DDFC56F78A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Tamaulipas and Yucatan (Mexico) to S. Brazil, N. Argentina, S. Bolivia, and Paraguay; Trinidad; Tobago.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB9F8DDFC56F78A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala) as M. a. cerasina subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB8F7AFFBAEF6EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz, Cocopunco, 3200 m.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB8F7AFFBAEF6EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bolivian Andes; S. Peru.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB8F7AFFBAEF6EB.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Prior to 1959 this species was known as Pudu mephistophiles (De Winton, 1896); see comment under that species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB8F6CFFC56F5CA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED77FEB8F6CFFC56F5CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil; Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; N. Argentina; Peru; Ecuador; Mexiana Isl. (Brazil); San Jose Isl. (Panama).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED78FEB7F5EFFBC3FDC9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha, Pichincha Mts., Lloa valley.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED78FEB7F5EFFBC3FDC9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W. Venezuela; perhaps adjacent Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; N. Bolivia; S. E. Brazil; N. E. Argentina; E. Paraguay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE15ED78FEB7F5EFFBC3FDC9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes bricenii and nana (Hensel, 1872) (not nana Lesson, 1842, or nana Lund, 1839, which Cabrera, 1961: 341 - 342, regarded as nomina nuda); see Cabrera, 1961: 341; Haltenorth, 1963: 48.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FC6DFB2CFB50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, near Lungan, Ho-tsi-how Pass.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FC6DFB2CFB50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. China, N. Vietnam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FC6DFB2CFB50.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: A valid species according to Cai and Feng, 1981, Acta Zootax. Sin., 6: 106 - 110.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FC6DFB2CFB50.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FB58FB22F9D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Nepal " (Probably Tibetan Plateau).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FB58FB22F9D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Wooded slopes of Himalayas in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, S. Tibet, C. andS. E. China (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FB58FB22F9D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included berezovskii; see Groves, 1975, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72: 662 - 682. Regarded as separate species by Cai and Feng, 1981, Acta Zootax. Sin., 6: 106 - 110. According to PG, chrysogaster is the prior name for sifanicus (see below), and the next available name for this species is leucogaster Hodgson, 1839.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66FB58FB22F9D8.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF3FFDCEFC81FC47.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in family Moschidae by Flerov, 1952, [Musk deer and deer], Akad. Nauk, Moscow, 225 pp.; tentatively followed by Corbet, 1978: 198. Here regarded as a subfamily of Cervidae, as revised by Groves, 1975, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72: 662 - 682.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF3FFDCEFC81FC47.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66F9C1FC87F809.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., S. W. Siberia, Altai Mtns. (" Tataria versus Chineum ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66F9C1FC87F809.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forests of E. Siberia; N. Mongolia; N. China west to Kansu; Anwei (SW); Korea; Sakhalin Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66F9C1FC87F809.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes sibiricus; see Corbet, 1978: 198. Type locality restricted by Heptner and Naumov, eds., 1961, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], p. 83.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF66F9C1FC87F809.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp. CITES - Appendix I as M. moschiferus (Himalayan population only) and U. S. ESA - Endangered as M. m. moschiferus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF67F814FB23F6C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, S. Kansu, Hsifan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF67F814FB23F6C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alpine zone of Tibetan plateau region from E. Afghanistan and N. Pakistan to W. China and N. Burma; also Honan (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF67F814FB23F6C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: According to PG, correct name probably chrysogaster Hodgson, 1839; see comment under chrysogaster.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF67F814FB23F6C2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF69F5FFFC85F515.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Chekiang, near Ningpo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF69F5FFFC85F515.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yunnan, Chekiang, Anwei, Kwangtung (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF69F5FFFC85F515.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth, 1963: 42; but see Shou, 1964: 454.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1AED78FF42F6DFFC84F63A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Muntiacus Rafinesque is a nomen nudum, but was conserved by Opinion 450 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FEA0FB5DFD58.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Tenasserim, Thagata Juva, southeast of Mt. Mulaiyit.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FEA0FB5DFD58.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; peninsular Burma.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FEA0FB5DFD58.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth, 1963: 42. Should probably include rooseveltorum (PG). For spelling of the species name, see Grubb, 1977, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 81: 202 - 207.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FEA0FB5DFD58.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FD40FC50FBE3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FD40FC50FBE3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India to S. China and Hainan 1 st; Indochina; Borneo and Lombok.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FD40FC50FBE3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes pleiharicus, listed as a distinct species by Chasen, 1940: 203; but see Medway, 1977: 149. May include reevesi, feai, rooseveltorum and crinifrons; see Haltenorth, 1963: 40. PG believes this species is a composite, including two sympatric species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FBC8FC50FAEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kwangtung, near Canton.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FBC8FC50FAEE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Shensi, Kansu (SW) and S. China; Taiwan; introduced to England and France.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6FBC8FC50FAEE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth, 1963: 42; but see Corbet, 1978: 199.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB5FAB4FC51F9A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Laos, Muong Yo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB5FAB4FC51F9A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB5FAB4FC51F9A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Haltenorth, 1963: 40, included this form in muntjak. PG believes this species should be included in feai. Corbet, 1978: 199, implied that it was distinct, and it was so listed by Corbet and Hill, 1980: 119.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F883FC50F7A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., South Dakota, mouth of Big Sioux River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F883FC50F7A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Baja California and Sonora to N. Tamaulipas (Mexico); W. U. S. A, (to Minnesota); W. Canada; Alaskan Panhandle (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F883FC50F7A7.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. h. cedrosensis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FE90F961FC51F899.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hall, 1981: 1087, employed Dama Zimmerman, 1780, an invalid name, for this genus; see Bull. Zool. Nomenci., 1960: 267 - 275.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F78CFC52F629.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Virginia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F78CFC52F629.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W. and S. Canada; N. W., S. W., C. and E. U. S. A, to Bolivia, Guianas and N. Brazil.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FEB6F78CFC52F629.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala) as O. v. mayensis subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. v. clavium subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. v. leucurus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1BED79FE8DF5EBFB73F4F5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Ozotoceros is the name to be used for Blastóceras, Fitzinger, 1860, which has been used with reference to both Ozotoceros and the genus Blastocerus (Cabrera, 1961: 329), if Blastóceros is regarded as an invalid emendation of Blastocerus; see Hershkovitz, 1958, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 71: 13 - 16. Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth, 1963: 46; but see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 120.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF75F72FFC96F66B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Sennar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF75F72FFC96F66B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Somalia to South Africa to S. Angola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF75F72FFC96F66B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes reticulata; reviewed by Dagg, 1971, Mamm. Species, 5: 1 - 8.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF26F871FC93F789.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Affinities with Antilocapra on molecular grounds noted by Beintema et al., 1979, J. Mol. Evol., 13: 305 - 316.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF77F5CAFC97F519.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Semliki Forest, Mundala.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF77F5CAFC97F519.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. C. Zaire; perhaps adjacent areas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6BFEB5FAEBFDA1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6BFEB5FAEBFDA1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Brazil; N. Argentina; Paraguay; Uruguay; S. Bolivia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6BFEB5FAEBFDA1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes campestris; see Cabrera, 1961: 330. Type locality restricted by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911: 151.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6BFEB5FAEBFDA1.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF46FD64FC99FC9E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Mazama by Haltenorth, 1963: 48; but see Pine et al., 1979, Mammalia, 43: 372, and Corbet and Hill, 1980: 121.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6EFC83FC9EFB7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza Prov., Paramo de Papallacta.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6EFC83FC9EFB7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6EFC83FC9EFB7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included mephistophiles of Matschie and Sanborn (not DeWinton), which was described by Hershkovitz, 1959, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 72: 45 - 54, as Mazama chunyi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF6EFC83FC9EFB7E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF70FB22FC9FFA5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Chiloe Prov.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF70FB22FC9FFA5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Chile; S. W. Argentina.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF70FB22FC9FFA5C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF71F9C1FC9DF893.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Alpine Lapland (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE18ED7AFF71F9C1FC9DF893.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumboreal, south to Altai Mtns. (U. S. S. R.), N. Mongolia, Heilungkiang (China) (SW) and Sakhalin Isl.; N. Idaho and Great Lakes region (U. S. A.); most arctic islands. Domesticated stock introduced into Alaska, Scotland and South Georgia Isl. (S. Atlantic Ocean).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FD26FC52FC08.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Probably Senegambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FD26FC52FC08.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mauritania to Sudan; formerly Egypt to Tunisia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FD26FC52FC08.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Nearly extinct in wild (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FD26FC52FC08.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FBAFFC52FABE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Little Namaqualand, Klipfontein.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FBAFFC52FABE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Zaire, Rwanda, Uganda, and N. E. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FBAFFC52FABE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes petersi; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 57.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3FBAFFC52FABE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as Aepyceros melampus petersi subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFE8CFA5DFC52F965.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Haltenorth, 1963: 99, and Van Gelder, 1977, included Beatragus, Sigmoceros and Damaliscus in this genus, but have not been followed by recent authors; see Swanepoel et al., 1980, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 32 (7): 187. Formerly included Sigmoceros lichtensteini; see comment under Sigmoceros.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3F94FFC5DF7ED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Probably Morocco.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3F94FFC5DF7ED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W. Somalia to N. South Africato S. Angola; formerlyN. Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3F94FFC5DF7ED.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes tora; which according to PG is probably a separatespecies. Includes caama; see Ansell, 1972, Part. 15: 53 - 54.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB3F94FFC5DF7ED.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA- Endangered as A. b. swayneisubspeciesonly. U. S. ESA - Endangered as A. b. tora subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB2F71CFC5CF676.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Habergerhagi's Country, Buroa Wells.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB2F71CFC5CF676.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Ethiopia; N. Somalia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFEB2F71CFC5CF676.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as A. clarki (sic).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFE8BF614FC53F547.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 70, included Ammotragus in Capra; but see comment under Capra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7BFF68FEBDFC53FD83.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Antilocapridae; see O'Gara and Matson, 1975, J. Mammal., 58: 829 - 846; but see also Corbet and Hill, 1980: 121, and Hall, 1981: 1106.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7CFEB4F56CFC6AFE2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Oran.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7CFEB4F56CFC6AFE2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Egypt to Morocco; Niger to Sudan; nerhaps S. Israel. Introduced to New Mexico and Texas (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7CFEB4F56CFC6AFE2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Should be included in Hemitragus (PG). Reviewed by Gray and Simpson, 1980, Mamm. Species, 144: 1 - 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE19ED7CFEB4F56CFC6AFE2E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AFD70FC6AFC88.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AFD70FC6AFC88.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Former range included N. Namibia; S. Angola; South Africa; Botswana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AFD70FC6AFC88.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Range now much diminished (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7BFBADFC6AF989.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Plains and Highlands of the Missouri River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7BFBADFC6AF989.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Alberta and S. Saskatchewan (Canada) south through W. U. S. A, to Hidalgo, Baja California, W. Sonora (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7BFBADFC6AF989.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by O'Gara, 1978, Mamm. Species, 90: 1 - 7.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7BFBADFC6AF989.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as A. a. mexicana subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as A. a. peninsularis subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as A. a. sonoriensis subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF54FC8BFC6AFB87.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in a separate family, Antilocapridae, by Corbet and Hill, 1980: 121, but see comment under Bovidae.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AF910FC6AF83C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Travancore, inland of Trivandrum.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AF910FC6AF83C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan and India, from Punjab to Nepal and Assam south to Cape Comorin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AF910FC6AF83C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Native range now much diminished; introduced into Texas (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF7AF910FC6AF83C.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7CFF54F7DEFC6AF70E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by McDonald, 1981, North American Bison, their classification and evolution, Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 316 pp.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7DFF7BF715FC52FDD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Mexico " (= C. Kansas, " Quivera "); redesignated as Canadian River valley, E. New Mexico (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7DFF7BF715FC52FDD2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly N. W. and C. Canada, south through U. S. A., to Chihuahua, Coahuila (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7DFF7BF715FC52FDD2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Exterminated in wild except in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming (U. S. A.) and Wood Buffalo Park, Northwest Terr. (Canada). Reintroduced widely within native range; also C. Alaska. See Hershkovitz, 1957, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 79: 31 - 32 for discussion of " Mexico " type locality. See MacDonald, 1981, North American Bison, their classification and evolution, Univ. California Press, Berkeley, p. 62 for redesignation of type locality.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1EED7DFF7BF715FC52FDD2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. b. athabascae subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFE8EFDB0FC53FC1E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Africa, Asia. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFE8EFDB0FC53FC1E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe, originally from S. Sweden south to the Pyrennees Mtns., Balkans, and Caucasus Mts.; now reintroduced to E. Poland, W. Soviet Union, and Caucasus Mtns.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFE8EFDB0FC53FC1E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Considered conspecific with bison by some authors; see Corbet, 1978: 206; but see also Corbet and Hill, 1980: 122. According to Heptner et al., 1961, [Mammals of the Soviet Union], Vyssha Shkola, p. 388, type locality probably Belovezhskaya Pushcha (= Forest), Poland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FB6CFB69FA27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, N. E. Chittagong (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FB6CFB69FA27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan; India; Nepal; Burma; Thailand; S. Tibet, Yunnan (China) (SW); S. Vietnam; Kampuchea; Malay Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FB6CFB69FA27.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes gaurus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 380; but see also Corbet and Hill, 1980: 122.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FB6CFB69FA27.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as Bos gaurus only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FA0CFB90F881.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Boreal Asia (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FA0CFB90F881.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sinkiang, Tibet, Tsinghai, Szechwan (China) (SW); N. India; Nepal; domesticated in Central Asia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FA0CFB90F881.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes mutus; but see Corbet, 1978: 206.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6FA0CFB90F881.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as B. (grunniens) mutus and U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. g. mutus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F8AAFC53F7B5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F8AAFC53F7B5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Burma; Thailand; Indochina; Malaysia; Java; Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F8AAFC53F7B5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: For use of javanicus instead of banteng, see Hooijer, 1956, Zool. Meded., 34: 223 - 226; Medway, 1977: 150.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F8AAFC53F7B5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. javanicus (= banteng).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFE8FFBFDFC53FB46.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Bibos and Novibos; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 380.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F77EFC53F63E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kampuchea (Cambodia), near Tchep Village.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F77EFC53F63E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kampuchea.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F77EFC53F63E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Novibos by Coolidge, 1940, Mem. Mus Comp. Zool. Harv. Univ., 54 (6): 421 - 531, 11 pl; but see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 380. Perhaps extinct.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7DFEB6F77EFC53F63E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Novibos (= Bos) sauveli. U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. sauveli.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7EFEB6F5E4FB63FDD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Poland (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7EFEB6F5E4FB63FDD1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Originally, from Scotland, S. Sweden, and Baltic south to Iberia, N. Africa, and Near East. Perhaps east to W. Siberia and Kazakhstan (U. S. S. R.). Extinct in the wild; under domestication world wide.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1FED7EFEB6F5E4FB63FDD1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes primigenius (extinct wild ancestor) and indicus; but see Corbet, 1978: 206. Last wild individual, a captive, died in 1627; see Harper, 1945, Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Old World, Spec. Publ. No. 12, Amer. Comm. Intern. Wildl. Prot., New York, p. 511.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6FFD3FFC9EFCB2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, no exact locality (" Plains of Peninsular India ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6FFD3FFC9EFCB2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From base of Himalayas to Bombay and Mysore Prov. (India).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF70FBDEFBCCFA63.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Italy, Rome (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF70FBDEFBCCFA63.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India to Indochina; perhaps Sri Lanka and Borneo; widespread as domesticated or feral animal in S. E. Asia, S. Europe, N. Africa, N. Australia, and E. South America.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF70FBDEFBCCFA63.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes arnee; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 383; but see also Corbet and Hill, 1980: 122.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF70FBDEFBCCFA63.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BFA48FC9AF8C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi (= Celebes).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BFA48FC9AF8C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BFA48FC9AF8C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Anoa but placed in Bubalus, (subgenus Anoa) by Groves, 1969, Beaufortia, 223: 3.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BFA48FC9AF8C2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as B. (= Anoa) depressicornis. U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. anoa depressicornis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF49FC51FC9EFBD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Anoa; see Groves, 1969, Beaufortia, 17 (223): 1 — 12.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF787FC9AF67E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, mountains of C. Toradja Dist.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF787FC9AF67E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Sulawesi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF787FC9AF67E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Anoa; see Groves, 1969, Beaufortia, 223: 1 - 12. Formerly included in A. depressicornis; see Haltenorth, 1963: 131.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF787FC9AF67E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as B. (= Anoa) quarlesi. U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. anoa quarlesi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF8E7FC9AF79D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindoro.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF8E7FC9AF79D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mindoro (Philippines).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF8E7FC9AF79D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Subgenus Bubalus; see Groves, 1969, Beaufortia, 223: 10.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6BF8E7FC9AF79D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES- AppendixI as B. (= Anoa) tnindorensis. U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. tnindorensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6CF5A0FC9BF4D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Mishmi Hills.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1CED7EFF6CF5A0FC9BF4D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mishmi Hills (India); Bhutan; Burma; Shensi, Szechwan, Yunnan, Kansu, Tsinghai, S. Tibet (China) (SW).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FCDDF933FB88.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Caucasus Mtns., between Malka and Baksan Rivers, east of Mt. Elbrus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FCDDF933FB88.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W. Caucasus Mtns. (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FCDDF933FB88.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probably should be included in ibex (RGVG). Possibly caucasica is the prior name for cylindricornis, in which case this species should be termed severtzovi; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 407. See also comment under cylindricornis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FB93FB7BFAEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., E. Caucasus Mtns., Mt. Kasber.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FB93FB7BFAEE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Caucasus Mtns. (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FB93FB7BFAEE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possibly a junior synonym of caucasica; see Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 404. See also comment under caucasica.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FAB4FC52F91D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Astor.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FAB4FC52F91D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; N. Pakistan; N. India; Kashmir; S. Uzbekistan; Tadzhikistan (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB3FAB4FC52F91D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as C. falconeri. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. f. chialtanensis subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. f. jerdoni subspecies only. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. f. megaceros subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F907FB4EF7D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F907FB4EF7D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Greek islands; Turkey; Iran; S. W. Afghanistan; Oman; Caucasus; Turkmenia (U. S. S. R.); Pakistan; adjacent India; domesticated worldwide.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F907FB4EF7D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes aegagrus, but see Corbet, 1978: 214.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F7DAFB84F628.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland, Valais.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F7DAFB84F628.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Europe; Afghanistan and Kashmir to Mongolia and C. China; N. Ethiopia to Syria and Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F7DAFB84F628.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes nubiana, sibirica, and walie; see Corbet, 1978: 215. PG believes sibirica and nubiana are valid species, as do most Russian authors; see Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 403. Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 69 - 70, listed walie as a species of uncertain status.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB4F7DAFB84F628.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. walie only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFE8CFEA1FC5DFCD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Various authors have included Amnwtragus and Ovis; see Ansell, 1972; Part 15: 70; Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 1 - 25. Probably should also include Pseudois (RGVG). However, most authors have not followed this arrangement; see Corbet and Hill, 1980; Hall, 1981; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Gray and Simpson, 1980. There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only two (hircus, falconeri); see Haltenorth, 1963, while others would recognize up to nine; Corbet, 1978: 213 - 217, is followed here (RSH).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB5F5F2FC52F508.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, Pyrenees Mtns., Huesca, near Maldetta Pass.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB5F5F2FC52F508.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iberian Peninsula.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE1DED7FFEB5F5F2FC52F508.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. p. pyrenaica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FE45FC96FD68.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Honshu.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FE45FC96FD68.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Japan); Taiwan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FE45FC96FD68.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes swinhoei; PG considers it a valid species. Included in sumatraensis by Haltenorth, 1963: 119; but see Corbet, 1978: 212.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FD32FC91FC74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FD32FC91FC74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina; Burma; Thailand; China, north to Kansu and Anwei; Kashmir; N. India; Nepal; Sikkim; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FD32FC91FC74.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FB38FC96FA7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Zanzibar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FB38FC96FA7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zanzibar; adjacent coast of Kenya and probably Tanzania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FB38FC96FA7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possibly conspecific with natalensis and / or callipygus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 33.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FA23FC96F8D9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FA23FC96F8D9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: West of Congo and Ubangi Rivers in Congo Republic; Central African Republic; Zaire; Gabon and Cameroun.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF76FA23FC96F8D9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possibly conspecific with natalensis and / or adersi; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 33. According to Groves and Grubb, 1974, Rev. Zool. Afr., 88: 189 - 196, not related to natalensis.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F8C2FC96F83E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F8C2FC96F83E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea-Bissau to Central African Republic and N. E. Zaire; Gabon to N. Angola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF50FC16FC91FB73.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Haltenorth, 1963: 71, and Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 1 - 25; included Sylvicapra. However, recent authors have not followed this arrangement; see Swanepoel et al., 1980: 188.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F7E4FC97F71F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F7E4FC97F71F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Liberia; W. Ivory Coast; possibly Sierra Leone.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F7E4FC97F71F.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F704FC97F651.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F704FC97F651.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Cameroun south to mouth of Congo River, east to E. Zaire,	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F65AFC94F55E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F65AFC94F55E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal and Gambia to Nigeria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE02ED60FF77F65AFC94F55E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in montícola by Haltenorth and Diller, 1977: 43. Reviewed by Ralls, 1973, Mamm. Species, 31: 1 - 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFEA5FC5AFDB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Region, Lange Kloof (32 ° 10 ' S, 20 ° 10 ' E).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFEA5FC5AFDB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nigeria to Gabon to Kenya to South Africa to Angola; Zanzibar; Bioko; Pemba Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFEA5FC5AFDB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: May include maxwelli; see Haltenorth and Diller, 1977: 43.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFEA5FC5AFDB6.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFD7CFC5BFC68.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Port Natal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFD7CFC5BFC68.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Mozambique; Natal; E. Zimbabwe; E. Zambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEABFD7CFC5BFC68.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes harveyi; possibly also includes adersi and / or callipygus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 34, who also included weynsi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFC31FC5BFBA0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea Coast " = Ghana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFC31FC5BFBA0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea to Nigeria, west of lower Niger River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFB88FC58FA81.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFB88FC58FA81.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cameroun; Gabon; N. E. Angola; Congo; Zaire; W. Uganda; Mt. Elgon, Mt. Kenya (Kenya).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFAAAFC58F9E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Bioko (= Fernando Po).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEACFAAAFC58F9E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone; Liberia; W. Ivory Coast; W. Ghana; Togo; S. E. Nigeria; S. Cameroun; Bioko; Gabon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF9CCFC58F91E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Waterloo Village.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF9CCFC58F91E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to S. W. Sudan and N. E. Uganda south to Cameroun.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF904FC58F87C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Mt. Kilimanjaro.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF904FC58F87C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, at higher elevations.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF904FC58F87C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Possibly a subspecies of sylvicultor (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF825FC58F705.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Sierra Leone and region of Pongas and Quia Rivers (Guinea). "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF825FC58F705.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea-Bissau and Gambia to Gabon; Angola and Zambia to S. W. Sudan and W. Uganda; W. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF72EFBB2F664.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, near Stanley Falls.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF72EFBB2F664.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, and W. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF72EFBB2F664.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in callipygus, but separate according to Groves and Grubb, 1974, Rev. Zool. Afr., 88: 189 - 196.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF64EFC58F59E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE03ED61FEADF64EFC58F59E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W. Sierra Leone; Liberia; C. Ivory Coast.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF77FE54FC95FD5A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF77FE54FC95FD5A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Originally from Transvaal and Natal south to Cape Prov. (South Africa); now only in captivity.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF77FE54FC95FD5A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Von Richter, 1974, Mamm. Species, 50: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FD5FFC94FC32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Botswana, (= Bechuanaland).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FD5FFC94FC32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Angola; Namibia; N. South Africa; Botswana; C. Mozambique and E. Zambia to N. E. Tanzania and S. E. and S. C. Kenya; formerly S. and C. Malawi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FD5FFC94FC32.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly in genus Gorgon, see Ellerman et al., 1953; but also see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 50.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FB2AFC95F989.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Caffer Kayls River, between Mussel Bay and Swellendam.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FB2AFC95F989.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly from S. W. Cape Prov. to E. Transvaal (South Africa); now only in captivity.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FB2AFC95F989.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes phillipsi; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 55.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78FB2AFC95F989.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered as D. d. dorcas subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F992FC95F894.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, E. bank of Tana River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F992FC95F894.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia to N. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F992FC95F894.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in lunatus by Haltenorth, 1963: 100. Formerly in Beatragus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 54.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F89EFC95F777.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Mathlowing River, N. E. Kuruman.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F89EFC95F777.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to N. Nigeria to Sudan and Central African Republic to S. Somalia to N. South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F89EFC95F777.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes korrigum; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 56; but PG believes it is a valid species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF78F89EFC95F777.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF53FBD1FC94FB00.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Beatragus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 54. Placed in Alcelaphus by Van Gelder, 1977: 18; but see also Swanepoel et al., 1980: 164.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF79F681FC95F5D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Hekebo Plateau, 35 mi. (56 km) S. W. of Berbera.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE00ED62FF79F681FC95F5D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. and N. W. Somalia to E. Ethiopia and Djibouti.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FE8DFEB9FC52FE02.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised in part by Groves, 1969, Z. Saugetierk., 34: 38 - 60.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FE28FC52FC8B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, Mogador.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FE28FC52FC8B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco; N. Algeria; C. Tunisia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FE28FC52FC8B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Nearly extinct (RGVG). According to Groves, 1969, Z. Saugetierk., 34: 38 - 60, includes rufifrons and thotnsoni; but also see comments under those species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FE28FC52FC8B.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia) as G. gazella cuvieri subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. cuvieri.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FC92FC52FBBC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Africa, near Lake Chad.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FC92FC52FBBC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Sudan; S. W. Morocco to Egypt. Present range much reduced (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FC92FC52FBBC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. lozanoi subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. mhorr subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FB66FC52F999.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lower Egypt.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FB66FC52F999.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco to Egypt and N. Somalia; Sinai; Arabia; Israel; possibly Syria and W. Iraq; E. Iran to C. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FB66FC52F999.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes bennetti; see Corbet, 1978: 209. Includes pelzelni; see Gentry, 1972, Part 15.1: 89; but also see Haltenorth, 1963: 112. Numbers and range much reduced (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3FB66FC52F999.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia) as G. dorcas. U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. massaesyla subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. pelzelni subspecies only. U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. saudiya subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F982FC52F8FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Syria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F982FC52F8FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Syria; Sinai to Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F982FC52F8FE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F8A4FC52F830.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, W. Kinyenye, Ugogo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F8A4FC52F830.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Sudan and N. E. Uganda to Juba River, Somalia to N. Tanzania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F7FBFC52F73E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Sennar, probably between Giza and Wadi Natron.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F7FBFC52F73E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and W. Egypt.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F7FBFC52F73E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia) and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F6E4FC52F5ED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F6E4FC52F5ED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to N. E. Ethiopia, south to Ghana, Nigeria, and N. Cameroun.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F6E4FC52F5ED.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes tilonura; see Gentry, 1972, Part 15.1: 90; but also see Haltenorth, 1963: 112. Groves, 1969, Z. Saugetierk., 34: 38 - 60, included rufifrons in cuvieri, but subsequently (Groves, 1975, Z. Saugetierk., 40: 308 - 319) separated them.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F5B7FAE9F524.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Interior of Algeria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F5B7FAE9F524.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE01ED63FEB3F5B7FAE9F524.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Thought to be extinct; see Corbet, 1978: 210.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6DFEC1FC9EFE11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6DFEC1FC9EFE11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Somalia; Ethiopia; E. C. Sudan.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFE1BFC9FFD4E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFE1BFC9FFD4E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia; E. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFD53FC9FFC55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Azerbaidzhán, Steppes of E. Transcaucasia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFD53FC9FFC55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Israel; C. Arabia and E. Caucasus through Iran; Afghanistan; Pakistan; Soviet Central Asia; Mongolia; W. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFD53FC9FFC55.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. s. marica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFC5FFC9FFB66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Kilimanjaro Dist.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFC5FFC9FFB66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Sudan to N. Tanzania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFC5FFC9FFB66.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Groves, 1969, Z. Saugetierk., 34: 38 - 60, included thomsoni in cuvieri; but see also Gentry, 1972, Part 15.1: 88, 90 - 91.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF48FB24FC9EFA89.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Should include lervia according to PG; see comment under Ammotragus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFA93FC9FF997.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Nilgiri Hills.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFA93FC9FF997.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. W. and S. India.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FFA93FC9FF997.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth, 1963: 125 but see Harrison, 1968: 324, and Corbet and Hill, 1980: 126.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF99CFC9CF84A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Oman, Jebel Akhdar Range, Jebel Taw.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF99CFC9CF84A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oman; S. E. Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF99CFC9CF84A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth, 1963: 125 but see Harrison, 1968: 324, and Corbet, 1978: 213.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF99CFC9CF84A.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF70F850FC9CF7A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Jemla Hills.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF70F850FC9CF7A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas, from Kashmir through N. India to Nepal and Sikkim; Tibet (China). Introduced in New Zealand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF6D8FC9DF5D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown; perhaps N. South Africa, Lataku.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF6D8FC9DF5D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Ethiopia; N. Angola to Kenya and W. Mozambique, south to N. South Africa, Botswana and Namibia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF6D8FC9DF5D8.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF5C2FCB8F513.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Swellendam Dist.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF5C2FCB8F513.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Cape Province (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED64FF6FF5C2FCB8F513.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Extirpated about 1799.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED65FF6FF518FC40FE1E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Transvaal, Cashan Range, near Pretoria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED65FF6FF518FC40FE1E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Kenya to N. South Africa, west to N. Botswana, also Angola, between Cuanza and Loando Rivers.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED65FF6FF518FC40FE1E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes variani; see Ansell 1972, Part 15: 47.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE06ED65FF6FF518FC40FE1E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as H. n. variani subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5FD81FC40FCA6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, between Lataku (near Kuruman) and W. coast of Africa, N. of Orange River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5FD81FC40FCA6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Somalia to N. South Africa to Angola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5FD81FC40FCA6.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes defassa; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 42.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5FC8CFC43FB84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Upper Guinea, towards Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5FC8CFC43FB84.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W. Ethiopia and Sudan; N. Zaire to W. Kenya; N. W. Tanzania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA4FBADFC42FAEA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Botswana (= Bechuanaland), Zoaga River, near Lake Ngami.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA4FBADFC42FAEA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Botswana, N. E. Namibia; S. E. Angola, S. E. Zaire and Zambia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA4FBADFC42FAEA.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA3FACFFC4DFA22.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Sobat.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA3FACFFC4DFA22.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Sudan; W. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA3FA07FC4DF8D7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zambia, Barotseland, Chobe Valley, near Libonta, 40 ° 30 ' S, 23 ° 15 ' E.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA3FA07FC4DF8D7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Zaire and Zambia to Zambesi and Chobe rivers, north to Tanzania and Malawi; Zaire and E. Angola.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA3FA07FC4DF8D7.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in kob by Haltenorth, 1963: 92 but see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 44.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5F824FC43F75E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Tana River Valley, 3 ° S., 38 ° E.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA5F824FC43F75E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia to Tana and Galana Rivers in Kenya; N. E. Tanzania and E. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA2F672FC4DF5E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Ogaden, 6 ° 30 ' N., 42 ° 30 ' E., 3000 ft. (914 m).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA2F672FC4DF5E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. and C. Somalia; S. Ethiopia; S. E. Sudan; N. E. Uganda; N. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA1F5C8FC4CF4C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Brava.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA1F5C8FC4CF4C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; N. W. and E. Tanzania; S. Somalia; S. W. Angola; Namibia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FEA1F5C8FC4CF4C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes damarensis; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 64.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE07ED65FF7DF73BFC42F6A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Rhynchotragus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 61.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFED7F9A0FE37.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Gharabwein, near Obbia, 5 ° 25 ' N., 48 ° 25 ' E.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFED7F9A0FE37.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E. Somalia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFED7F9A0FE37.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in swaynei byAnsell, 1972, Part 15: 62; but see Yalden, 1979, Monitore Zool. Ital., n. s., suppl. 11: 262. See also comment under saltiana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFDF9FB84FCBC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia (= Abyssinia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFDF9FB84FCBC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Sudan; N. Ethiopia; Somalia; perhaps Djbouti.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFDF9FB84FCBC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes cordeauxi; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 63. Includes elangeri, phillipsi and swaynei; see Yalden, 1979, Monitore Zool. Ital., n. s., suppl. 11: 262; but see also Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 62.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFB94FC6AFA43.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, in the Himalayas.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFB94FC6AFA43.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. India and Burma to S. E. Siberia; south to Thailand.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFB94FC6AFA43.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The taxa baileyi, caudatus and perhaps cranbrooki are probably valid species (PG). See also Lekagul and McNeely, 1977: 699; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 126.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF7AFB94FC6AFA43.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF53FC5CFC6AFB8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Naemorhaedus, Nemorhedus, Nemorrhedus, and Naemorhedus are later spellings.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F999FC6AF8C8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroun, Bulu Country, Efulen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F999FC6AF8C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Nigeria to Gabon, N. E. Zaire and W. Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF52FA41FC6AF991.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Nesotragus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 68.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F8D2FC95F7FD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Chapani IsL, 2 mi. (3 km) from Zanzibar.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F8D2FC95F7FD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. South Africa to Kenya; Zanzibar; Mafia Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F8D2FC95F7FD.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes livingstonianus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 69.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F8D2FC95F7FD.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as Nesotragus m. moschatus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF78F7A7FC95F734.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea, India " (= west coast of Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF78F7A7FC95F734.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Ghana.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F67AFC6AF50D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. A., Washington, Mt. Adams.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F67AFC6AF50D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Alaska (U. S. A.), S. Yukon and S. W. Mackenzie (Canada) to N. C. Oregon, C. Idaho, and Montana (U. S. A.). Introduced to Kodiak, Chichagof, and Baranof Isis. (Alaska), Olympic Peninsula, Washington; C. Montana; Black Hills, South Dakota; Colorado (U. S. A.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE04ED66FF79F67AFC6AF50D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Rideout and Hoffmann, 1975, Mamm. Species, 63: 1 - 6.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFE30FC58FDA3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFE30FC58FDA3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFD05FC58FBFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Haraza, " probably Kordofan. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFD05FC58FBFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mauritania to Ethiopia; formerly Egypt to Tunisia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFD05FC58FBFF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes tao; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 48. The name algazel Oken, 1816, has been declared invalid in Opinion 417 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFD05FC58FBFF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as O. (tao) darnmah.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFBA5FC58FAB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " India " (= South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFBA5FC58FAB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Namibia and Angola to Transvaal (South Africa); N. E. Ethiopia to N. Tanzania, west to S. E. Sudan and N. E. Uganda.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAEFBA5FC58FAB0.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes beisa; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 49. PG believes beisa is a valid species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEABFA7AFC44F911.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEABFA7AFC44F911.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Arabian Peninsula; formerly Iraq.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEABFA7AFC44F911.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in O. gazella by Haltenorth, 1963: 88; but see Harrison, 1968: 344, and Ansel, 1972, Part 15: 48. Probably became extinct in wild, but maintained in captivity, and recently reintroduced into Arabia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEABFA7AFC44F911.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAAF862FC44F76F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAAF862FC44F76F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W. and C. Ethiopia to N. Mozambique, west to S. Uganda; Angola to N. Namibia, N. Botswana, W. Zambia; S. Mozambique and N. E. South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAAF862FC44F76F.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes haggardi and kenyae; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 66.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAAF69AFC44F546.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Manitoba, between Seal and Churchill rivers.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE05ED67FEAAF69AFC44F546.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Point Barrow, Alaska (U. S. A.) east to N. E. Greenland, south to N. E. Manitoba (Canada). Range now much reduced. Introduced to Seward Peninsula and Nunivak IsL, Alaska (U. S. A.); Taimyr Peninsula and Wrangel Isl. (U. S. S. R.); Norway.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFD40FC9EFBB7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., Kazakh S. S. R., Vostochno-Kazakhstansk. Obi., Altai Mtns., Bukhtarma; alternatively, Ust-Kamenogorsk.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFD40FC9EFBB7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Turkestan to Mongolia; south to Afghanistan, N. India; Ladak; Nepal; Sikkim; W. and N. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFD40FC9EFBB7.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Corbet, 1978: 218, and Haltenorth, 1963: 121, included orientalis (= aries), musimon, and vignei; but see also review by Nadler et al., 1973, Z. Saugetierk., 38: 109 - 125; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 127.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFD40FC9EFBB7.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as O. ammon. CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. a. hodgsoni subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFB7DFB81F9BE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFB7DFB81F9BE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Turkey; E. Turkey to C. and S. E. Iran; possibly Cyprus.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFB7DFB81F9BE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes orientalis; see Nadler et al., 1973, Z. Saugetierk., 38: 109 - 125. Probably includes musimon (RSH); see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 127. Hybridizes with vignei in C. Iran; see Valdez et al., 1978, Evolution, 32: 56 - 72 and Nadler et al., 1971, Cytogenetics, 10: 137 - 152. Introduced worldwide as domesticate; feral in many places. See also comment under musimon.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EFB7DFB81F9BE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. orientalis ophion subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF963FC9EF818.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Alberta, Mountains on Bow River, near Exshaw.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF963FC9EF818.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. British Columbia and S. W. Alberta (Canada) to Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora and Baja California (Mexico).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF963FC9EF818.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Corbet, 1978: 218, included nivicola; but see also Korobitsyna et al., 1974, Quat. Res., 4: 235 - 245; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 127.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF963FC9EF818.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF801FC9EF750.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Alaska, West bank of Yukon River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6EF801FC9EF750.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alaska to N. British Columbia and W. Mackenzie (Canada).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF47FED7FC99FD5B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Placed in Capra by Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 1 - 25; see comments under Capra. There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only one (ammon; see Haltenorth, 1963: 126 - 128); others two (ammon, canadensis; see Corbet, 1978: 218), while others recognize up to seven, as do the most recent reviews (Nadler et al., 1973, Z. Saugetierk., 30: 109 - 125; Korobitsyna et al., 1974, Quat. Res., 4: 235 - 245).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6FF759FC9FF5A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Italy, Sardinia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6FF759FC9FF5A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Originally restricted to islands of Sardinia and Corsica; probably Cyprus. Widely introduced into Europe.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0AED68FF6FF759FC9FF5A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The status of the Cyprian wild sheep, ophion, is controversial. It was allocated to O. orientalis (= aries) by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 418, and Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 406, but provisionally assigned to musimon by Nadler et al., 1973, Z. Saugetierk., 38: 119. Payne, 1968, Proc. Prehist. Soc., 34: 368 - 384, considered musimon and ophion to be primitive feral stocks of domesticated O. aries. See also comment under aries.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEBAFEDBFC57FDB1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., E. Kamchatka (U. S. S. R.).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEBAFEDBFC57FDB1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Putorana Mts., N. C. Siberia; N. E. Siberia from Lena River east to Chukotka and Kamchatka (U. S. S. R.)	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEBAFEDBFC57FDB1.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Corbet, 1978: 218, and others included nivicola in canadensis; but see review by Korobitsyna et al., 1974, Quat. Res., 4: 235 - 245; Corbet and Hill, 1980: 127; and Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 407.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB9FD7AFA0BFC69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Astor	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB9FD7AFA0BFC69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan (U. S. S. R.) and N. E. Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and N. W. India; Oman.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB9FD7AFA0BFC69.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Hybridizes with aries (= orientalis) in C. Iran; see Valdez et al., 1978, Evol., 32: 56 - 72, and Nadler et al., 1971, Cytogenetics, 10: 137 - 152.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB9FD7AFA0BFC69.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB8FBCDFC51FAC5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, Kooti Pass in Arrun Valley, Tingri Maiden.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB8FBCDFC51FAC5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Tsinghai, Szechwan (China) (SW); Ladak (N. India).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB8FBCDFC51FAC5.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB6FA36FC53F9A5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB6FA36FC53F9A5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cape Prov. to Natal and Transvaal (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB7F882FC53F74C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., S. E. Transbaikalia, Chitinsk. Obi., upper Onon River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB7F882FC53F74C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, Mongolia except mts. and S. W. desert, N. China, Zaisan, and Transbaikalia (U. S. S. R.); now restricted to E. Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (China).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB7F882FC53F74C.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: See Sokolov and Orlov, 1980: 280 for discussion of restricted range.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FE8EF968FC50F899.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by Groves, 1967, Z. Saugetierk., 32: 144 - 149. Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 393, considered Procapra a subgenus of Gazella; but also see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 126.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB6F756FC52F67D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, Hundes Dist.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB6F756FC52F67D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Szechwan, Tsinghai, Tibet (China), adjacent Indian Himalayas; possibly Sinkiang (China) and Mongolia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED69FEB6F756FC52F67D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: According to Groves, 1967, Z. Saugetierk., 32: 144 - 149, type locality is more likely the district N. of Sikkim.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED6AFEB4F628F939FEBA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia, Chagrin-Gol (= Steppe).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED6AFEB4F628F939FEBA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Mongolia; N. W. China.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0BED6AFEB4F628F939FEBA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Considered a subspecies of picticaudata by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 388. China, S. Ordos Desert was erroneously given as type locality by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, and followed by Gromov and Baranova, 1981.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF42FE58FC87FD8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Probably should be included in Capra on basis of hybridization data (RGVG).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF68FDAFFC87FCE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Tibetan frontier.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF68FDAFFC87FCE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Himalayas from Ladak eastward to Yunnan, Kansu, Szechwan, and Shensi (China).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF68FCB2FAC1FC21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, upper Yangtze Gorge, Drupalong, south of Batang.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF68FCB2FAC1FC21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper Yangtze Gorge (W. China).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF68FCB2FAC1FC21.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by Groves, 1978, Saugetierk. Mitt., 26: 183.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF69FB51FC84FA80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF69FB51FC84FA80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola to S. Africa to S. Kenya.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF69FAA9FC84FA38.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF69FAA9FC84FA38.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Cape Prov. (South Africa).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6AF9E1FC9AF8C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malawi, Nyasaland, S. Angoniland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6AF9E1FC9AF8C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Tanzania and S. E. Zaire.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6AF9E1FC9AF8C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in melanotis by Haltenorth, 1963: 78 but see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 67.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6CF84EFC9BF74B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6CF84EFC9BF74B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Gabon and Zaire; Tanzania; Zambia; Mozambique; perhaps Malawi.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6CF76FFC98F6AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, E. Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6CF76FFC98F6AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Discontinuous in N. Cameroun; S. W. Ethiopia; S. E. Sudan; N. E. Uganda; W. Kenya; N. E. Tanzania; S. Mozambique; S. E. Botswana; South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6DF68FFC99F5DC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal, Goree (= Gori) Isl.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE08ED6AFF6DF68FFC99F5DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to C. Ethiopia; south to E. Zaire and S. W. Tanzania.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FE7FFC5CFD6E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FE7FFC5CFD6E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. W. Spain, Pyrenees to Caucasus, Carpathian, and Tatra Mtns.; Taurus Mts.; N. E. Turkey; " N. Asia Minor " (Kurdistan?).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FE7FFC5CFD6E.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as R. r. ornata subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FCB1FC5CFB9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: U. S. S. R., W. Kazakhstan, " Ural Steppes. "	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FCB1FC5CFB9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. Caucasus (Kalmyk Steppe), Kazakhstan (U. S. S. R.); S. W. Mongolia; Sinkiang (China). Formerly west to Poland.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FCB1FC5CFB9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Reviewed by Sokolov, 1974, Mamm. Species, 28: 1 - 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FCB1FC5CFB9D.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as S. f. nwngolica subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFE8CFB61F8E3FB1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Formerly included in Alcelaphus; see Vrba, 1979, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 11: 273.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FB04FAB6F9FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Tette.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FB04FAB6F9FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C. Tanzania, S. W. Zaire and N. E. Angola to N. E. Zimbabwe and C. Mozambique.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB3FB04FAB6F9FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in A. buselaphus by Haltenorth, 1963: 102, but placed in separate genus, Sigmoceros by Vrba, 1979, J. Linn. Soc., 11: 207 - 228.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F920FC5FF806.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Capetown.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F920FC5FF806.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, except tropical lowlands of Zaire basin.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F920FC5FF806.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Included in Alcelaphus buselaphus by Haltenorth, 1963: 102, but placed in separate genus, Sigmoceros by Vrba, 1979, J. Linn. Soc., 11: 207 - 228.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB0F771FC5EF68B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Sunday River, Algoa Bay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB0F771FC5EF68B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to S. Ethiopia to S. Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB0F771FC5EF68B.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes nanus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 18.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFE8AF804FC5EF7A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Considered a subgenus of Bubalus by Haltenorth, 1963: 133.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F62CFC58F567.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, no exact locality (" Plains of Peninsular India ").	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F62CFC58F567.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India, north to Nepal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6BFEB1F62CFC58F567.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE09ED6CFE89F525FB8FFDE4.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes Boocercus; see Ansell, 1972, Part 15: 20. Also includes Taurotragus; see Van Gelder, 1977, Lammergeyer, 23: 1 - 6; Van Gelder, 1977, Am. Mus. Novit., 2635: 17 - 18, and Ansell, 1978, The Mammals of Zambia, p. 53; but see also Swanepoel et al., 1980: 164.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFDCCFC9BFD1E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Zululand, St. Lucia Bay.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFDCCFC9BFD1E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N. E. South Africa; Mozambique; S. Malawi; S. E. Zimbabwe.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6EFD03FC9BFC7C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia (= Abyssinia), Arussi Prov., Gallaland, Sahatu Mtns., southeast of Lake Zwai, 9000 ft. (2743 m).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6EFD03FC9BFC7C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, east of Rift Valley.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFC25FC98FA86.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFC25FC98FA86.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Togo; Cameroun, Central African Republic, Congo Republic; Zaire; Kenya; perhaps Gabon, N. Tanzania, and S. W. Ethiopia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFC25FC98FA86.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: T. euryceros is a later spelling; see Haltenorth, 1963: 86. Formerly placed in Boocercus; reviewed by Ralls, 1978, Mamm. Species, 111: 1 - 4.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFC25FC98FA86.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana) as Boocercus (Taurotragus) euryceros (sic).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFAACFC98F9E7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia (= Abyssinia).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FFAACFC98F9E7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; E. Tanzania; N. E. Uganda; Somalia; S. E. Ethiopia; S. E. Sudan; Yemen.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FF9CDFAECF7F2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FF9CDFAECF7F2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, and Nigeria to Sudan; Angola to S. Africa; thence north through Botswana, S. Zaire, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania to S. E. Sudan and S. W. Ethiopia; west to Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FF9CDFAECF7F2.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes derbianus; see Van Gelder, 1977, Lammergeyer, 23: 1 - 6. PG believes derbianus is a valid species. Formerly included in Taurotragus; see Ansell, 1978: 53; but also see Swanepoel et al., 1980: 187.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF6FF9CDFAECF7F2.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as Taurotragus derbianus derbianus subspecies only.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF72F7B7FC9CF6CD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF72F7B7FC9CF6CD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Mauritania to Ethiopia and S. Somalia, to South Africa to N. Namibia.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF73F6D5FC92F5AE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Karaque, west of Lake Victoria.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF73F6D5FC92F5AE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia to S. W. Ethiopia, south to Angola, Namibia, N. W. Botswana, and South Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF73F6D5FC92F5AE.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The specific name is usually attributed to Sclater, 1864.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF73F6D5FC92F5AE.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF75F573FC92F488.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
03F42219FE0EED6CFF75F573FC92F488.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia and Ethiopia to N. South Africa, west to Namibia and S. E. Zaire, N. E. Uganda, S. W. Sudan, Central African Republic and Chad.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976
