taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D087AEFFF6FFBBFF470AFCFBFFF776.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The scope of the Family Muridae employed herein is practically equivalent to the Superfamily Muroidea as classically arranged by Miller and Gidley (1918), Simpson (1945), and others (see Carleton, 1980; Carleton and Musser, 1984; and Hooper and Musser, 1964 a; for reviews of muroid classification). The chapter's organization generally follows that of Carleton and Musser (1984), which serves as a convenient framework to discuss the generic-and specific-level diversity of muroids and their attendant taxonomic problems and uncertainties. It is not a higher-order classification of the family or superfamily. Family-group synonyms are listed under the various subfamilies. We have sought to present the 1326 species and 281 genera recognized within the dialogue of the original descriptive and primary revisionary literature, especially where differences of opinion exist over a taxon's rank and validity, rather than secondary and tertiary sources. In many instances, we have gone back to examine collections and type material in order to gain a better grasp of a taxonomic issue or to illuminate distributions; the holdings of the American Museum of Natural History, British Museum of Natural History, Field Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, National Museum of Natural History, and Senckenberg Museum were especially important in this regard. In reading the various generic and specific accounts, a clear message is repeated: much alpha taxonomic uncertainty and confusion persist within the Muridae, a situation which warrants very basic, museum-based revisionary attention. Contents (listed alphabetically): Arvicolinae Gray, 1821 (26 genera, 143 species) Calomyscinae Vorontsov and Potapova, 1979 (1 genus, 6 species) Cricetinae G. Fischer, 1817 (7 genera, 18 species) Cricetomyinae Roberts, 1951 (3 genera, 6 species) Dendromurinae Alston, 1876 (8 genera, 23 species) Gerbillinae Gray, 1825 (14 genera, 110 species) Lophiomyinae Milne Edwards, 1867 (1 genus, 1 species) Murinae liliger, 1815 (122 genera, 529 species) Myospalacinae Lilljeborg, 1866 (1 genus, 7 species) Mystromyinae Vorontsov, 1966 (1 genus, 1 species) Nesomyinae Major, 1897 (7 genera, 14 species) Otomyinae Thomas, 1897 (2 genera, 14 species) Petromyscinae Roberts, 1951 (2 genera, 5 species) Platacanthomyinae Alston, 1876 (2 genera, 3 species) Rhizomyinae Winge, 1887 (3 genera, 15 species) Sigmodontinae Wagner, 1843 (79 genera, 423 species) Spalacinae Gray, 1821 (2 genera, 8 species)	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF6FFBAFF4003B4FE7FFAD4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Kretzoi (1962, 1969) for use of Arvicolinae Gray, 1821, instead of Microtinae Miller, 1896; a group concept of arvicoline rodents actually had emerged long prior to Miller's (1896) seminal monograph (e. g., Murray, 1866; Alston, 1876). Carleton and Musser (1984) provided a general diagnosis and review of the limits and contents of the subfamily. Synthetic regional taxonomic treatments include: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978 c, 1984), and Agadzhanyan and Yatsenko (1984) for Palaearctic species; Ognev (1963 b, 1964), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) for Asian forms; Niethammer and Krapp (1982 a) for European species; and Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall (1981) for North American voles and lemmings. Biochronology of arvicolines in the northern hemisphere was comprehensively reviewed by Repenning et al. (1990) and Repenning (1990, and references therein). Broad, multispecies surveys have been undertaken on morphological and biochemical systems of arvicolines that bear on issues of their phenetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships. For example, comparative and functional studies of the dentition (Hinton, 1926; Koenigswald, 1980, 1982; Miller, 1896); of the cranium (Gromov, 1990; Kratochvil, 1982 a; Pietsch, 1980); of middle ear anatomy (Hooper, 1968 a; Pavlinov, 1984); of cutaneous and subcutaneous glands (Quay, 1954 a, 1968; Sokolov and Dzhemukhadze, 1991); of myology (Kesner, 1980, 1986; Repenning, 1968; Stein, 1986, 1987); of the digestive tract (Carleton, 1981; Quay, 1954 b; Vorontsov, 1979); and of reproductive structures (Anderson, 1960; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Niethammer, 1972). Molecular studies that address phylogenetic questions have assessed allozymic variation (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Gill et al., 1987; Graf, 1982; Moore and Janecek, 1990), DNA-DNA hybridization (Catzeflis, 1990; Catzeflis et al., 1987), and chromosomal morphology and banding patterns (Burgos et al., 1989; Modi, 1987; Radosavlievic et al., 1990; Zagorodnyuk, 1990, 1991 c; Zima and Krâl, 1984 a). The proliferation of family-group names, practically a one-to-one correspondence with recognized genera, does not necessarily connote unambiguous delineation of higher-order relationships — e. g., compare the tribal contents of Ognev (1963 b), Hooper and Hart (1962), Kretzoi (1969), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), and Repenning et al. (1990). See Kretzoi (1969), Chaline (1972), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977) for authorship of synonyms, for the most part used at the tribal level.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFBAFEE20336FD86F63E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Baltistan, Braldu Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFBAFEE20336FD86F63E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the Himalayan portions of Baltistan and Kashmir, NW India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFBAFEE20336FD86F63E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Although usually included in A. roylei (Corbet, 1978 c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), the diagnostic traits of albicauda that set it apart as a distinct species were earlier pointed out by Hinton (1926). Schwarz's (1939) acmaeus identifies a geographic variant of the same species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFBAFF140E55FBEFF7E4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola stoliczkanus Blanford, 1875.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFBAFF140E55FBEFF7E4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hinton's (1926) monograph remains one of the best overall reviews of the genus, as supplemented by the morphological studies of Rossolimo et al. (1988) and Rossolimo (1989) and the cytogenetic results of Hielscher et al. (1992). Schwarz (1939) also reviewed the Himalayan species. We follow Gromov and Polyakov (1977), along with Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), in recognizing the subgenera Alticola, Aschizomys, and Platycranius. DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that Alticola macrotis is a sister species of Clethrionomys rufocanus and that A. argentatus is phylogenetically closer to C. rutilus and C. glareolus than to A. macrotis (Gileva et al., 1989). Alticola is broadly related to Clethrionomys, an affinity Hooper and Hart (1962) acknowledged by placing Alticola with Clethrionomys, Eothenomys, Hyperacrius, Dolomys, and Phenacomys in the tribe Clethrionomyini, a division also recognized by Gromov and Polyakov (1977). Comparative study of appendicular myology and osteology reinforces the monophyly of Alticola and its close association with Clethrionomys and Eothenomys (Stein, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFB9FEE202E3FE54FD9B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Chimkentskaia Obi., Karatau Mtns, Mashat.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFB9FEE202E3FE54FD9B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountainous region from Xinjiang, NW China (Ma et al., 1987), southwest through the Dzhungarski Alatau, the Talasskiy Alatau, the Tien Shan, Pamirs, and into the mountains of N Afghanistan, N Pakistan, and N India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF7FFB9FEE202E3FE54FD9B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Included in A. roylei by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c), but separated as a species by Rossolimo (1989), who recognized blanfordi, phasma, severtzovi, subluteus, and worthingtoni as subspecies. Attribution of synonyms follows Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF25097BFB33FC52.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia, Gobi Altai Mtns, Gurvan Saikhan Ridge, Dzun Saikhan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF25097BFB33FC52.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Tuva region in Russia east through W and S Mongolia; probably occurs in adjoining Chinese regions (see Rossolimo et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF25097BFB33FC52.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Included in A. stoliczkanus by Corbet (1978 c) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), but revised as a separate species by Rossolimo et al. (1988). Chromosomal data provided by Yatsenko (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF2608BCF89DF9D9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Bering Strait, Plover Bay, Kelsey Station.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF2608BCF89DF9D9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Siberia from Chukotka area west through the Anadyr region to mouth of River Lena, and south throughout the Lena basin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF2608BCF89DF9D9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aschizomys. Corbet (1978 c) transferred the species to Eothenomys, but Russian workers refered lemminus to Alticola (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Earlier, Hinton (1926: 279) recognized Aschizomys but speculated that the species " will prove to be a member of the E. rufocanus group. " Miller (1940 a: 94) reexamined the holotype and identified it as " nothing more than an alcohol-discolored specimen of the extreme East Asian representative of Clethrionomys rufocanus. " Based on our inspection of the holotype of lemminus, we endorse Ognev's (1964) allocation to Alticola, subgenus Aschizomys, and are impressed by its diagnostic features. Significant chromosomal and morphological differences between samples of A. lemminus from Chukotka and Yakutia regions led Bykova et al. (1978) to speculate that “ lemminus " may be a composite of two species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF260D44F94FF84A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, S Krasnoyarsk Krai, E Sayan Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF260D44F94FF84A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Altai (Siberia and Xinjiang) and Sayan Mtns east and northeast through N Mongolia and Lake Baikal region to Region of Olekminski in Yakutsk, Russia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF260D44F94FF84A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Ognev (1964) placed this species in the subgenus Alticola, but Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) listed it under the subgenus Aschizomys. We follow Ognev until the phylogenetic position of lemminus, the type-species of Aschizomys, is defined relative to species of Alticola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF270CD4FA72F707.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, central Kashmir, 11,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF270CD4FA72F707.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Kashmir, 8000 to 13,000 ft (Hinton, 1926).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF270CD4FA72F707.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Usually incorporated in A. roylei (Corbet, 1978 c; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), but the diagnostic traits of montosa clearly distinguish it from the geographically adjacent roylei, as Hinton (1926) long ago noted.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF26020AFC17F572.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kumaon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF26020AFC17F572.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Himalayas; recorded only from N Kumaon and N Himachal Pradesh (Lahul region) of N India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF4FFB9FF26020AFC17F572.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Once considered the broadest-ranging species of Alticola in central Asia (Corbet, 1978 c), but with the removal of argentatus and its synonyms (Rossolimo, 1989), the geographic and morphological definition of roylei conforms to that presented by Hinton (1926).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEE20A19FC20FD4F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia, Khangai Mtns, upper flow of Ongyin Gol River " Sain Noin Khan. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEE20A19FC20FD4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From the Tuva region of Russia throughout N Mongolia (see Rossolimo et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEE20A19FC20FD4F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Originally described as a subspecies of Microtus worthingtoni, later synonymized with Alticola roylei (Corbet, 1978 c), eventually listed as a separate species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), and finally taxonomically revised (Rossolimo et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFC09D0FBC3FC04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, N Ladakh, Kuenlun Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFC09D0FBC3FC04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From N Ladakh and Nepal through W and N Xizang, Tibet, to Gansu in N China; range limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFC09D0FBC3FC04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Geographic range is allopatric to that of A. stracheyi (Feng et al., 1986), with which it was once united.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0F16FA93FAAF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Ladakh (as amended by Hinton, 1926: 322).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0F16FA93FAAF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas from E Kashmir in N India east through S Xizang (Tibet) and N Nepal to N Sikkim.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0F16FA93FAAF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Included in A. stoliczkanus by Schwarz (1939), Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Corbet (1978 c), but reinstated as a species by Feng et al. (1986), which reflects Hinton's (1926) earlier arrangement.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0E72FD2EF960.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Altai Krai, Altai Mtns, near Lake Teniga.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0E72FD2EF960.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From the Altai Mtns of NW Mongolia, Siberia, and Xinjiang in NW China (Ma et al., 1987) west through Kazakhstan to Karaganda region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFD0E72FD2EF960.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Platycranius. Citations and synonyms are discussed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFE0DABFAAEF7BF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Tuvinskaya (Tuva), Kyzyl Mozhalyk.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFE0DABFAAEF7BF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: The Altai Mtns and Tuva region, N Khubsugul Lake Valley, S Bailkal Lake Valley, and and nearby regions in NW Mongolia (see Rossolimo et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FEFE0DABFAAEF7BF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alticola. Originally described as a species and then synonymized under the ubiquitous A. roylei. Listed as a separate species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and revised by Rossolimo et al. (1988), who recognized kosogol and olchonensis as subspecies. Gromov and Polyakov (1977) considered olchonensis closely related to A. macrotis; its status needs to be reassessed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FF10037CFD41F5B2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Phenacomys longicaudus True, 1890.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFB8FF10037CFD41F5B2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a subgenus of Phenacomys and conventionally recognized as such or as a complete synonym (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Hall, 1981; Howell, 1926 b). Evidence for generic stature marshalled by Johnson (1968, 1973). Nonetheless, whether Arborimus is most closely related to Phenacomys or to some other arvicoline has not been substantiated with broad taxonomic sampling that includes critical species like albipes. Specific and subspecific classification basically set forth by Howell (1926 b) and Hall and Cockrum (1953), as part of Phenacomys, and by Johnson and George (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFBFFEFE015FFA8CFD64.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Humboldt Co., Humboldt Bay, redwood forest near Arcata.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFBFFEFE015FFA8CFD64.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific coastal zone south of Columbia River, from W Oregon to extreme NW California, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF5FFBFFEFE015FFA8CFD64.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: More generalized terrestrial form and habits have suggested a closer relationship to Phenacomys intermedius (e. g., Hall, 1981, placed albipes and intermedius together in subgenus Phenacomys). Johnson and Maser (1982) enumerated character states that instead support closer congruence of albipes with species of Arborimus. However, see Repenning and Grady (1988), who diagnosed the subgenus Paraphenacomys of Phenacomys to contain albipes, which they viewed as more distantly related to the sister species intermedius and longicaudus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2E09B6FE6BFBD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Oregon, Coos Co., Marshfield.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2E09B6FE6BFBD1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific coast of W Oregon, north of Klamath Mtns, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2E09B6FE6BFBD1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although Howell (1926 b) recognized silvicola as a nominal species, subsequent research has favored its synonymy under A. longicaudus (Johnson, 1968), where it has been maintained as a subspecies (Hall, 1981; Johnson and George, 1991). Formerly included populations in California assigned to the new species A. porno (see next account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2F0F3AF9BBFAAD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Sonoma Co., 0.8 km N Jenner, Jenner Ridge; 38 ° 27 ' N, 123 ° 06 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2F0F3AF9BBFAAD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal coniferous forest of NW California, south of Klamath Mtns as far as Sonoma Co., USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF2F0F3AF9BBFAAD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to A. longicaudus (see Johnson and George, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF410E8DFE7FF7DB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 (= Mus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF410E8DFE7FF7DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Excludes the North American Microtus richardsoni (see account of that species), which was placed in Arvicola by Hooper and Hart (1962). Generic reviews were provided by Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977), who recognized only two extant species, A. sapidus and A. terrestris. Earlier, Miller (1912 a) defined seven species (amphibius, illyricus, italicus, musignani, sapidus, scherman, and terrestris) and Hinton (1926) recognized four (amphibius, sapidus, scherman, and terrestris). We follow Corbet's (1978 c) unsatisfactory arrangement pending careful systematic revision of the genus, which will likely reflect a classification more similar to that of Hinton (1926). Arvicola is phylogenetically close to Microtus (Burgos et al., 1989; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982). Heinrich (1990) hypothesized that it evolved from the extinct Mimomys, a view already presented by Hinton (1926), and Rekovets (1990) summarized the fossil history leading to the modern groups of Arvicola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF290342FC9FF691.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, Burgos Prov., Santo Domingo de Silos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF290342FC9FF691.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Portugal, Spain, and W France (see map in Reichstein, 1982 a: 214).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBFFF290342FC9FF691.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Hinton (1926), Corbet (1978 c), and Reichstein (1982 a), with new morphological and ecological information supplied by Ventura and Gosalbez (1990) and Ventura et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBEFF28027AF9FBFC96.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBEFF28027AF9FBFC96.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe (except C and S Spain but including N Spain and N Portugal, W France, and SW Italy), from mountains of Mediterranean region to Arctic Sea, east through Siberia almost to Pacific coast, south to Israel, Iran, Lake Baikal and N Tien Shan Mtns of NW China (Corbet, 1978 c; European range mapped by Reichstein, 1982 b; former USSR portion outlined in Kuznetsov, 1965; Portugal record from Ramalhinho and Mathias, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF2FFBEFF28027AF9FBFC96.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: European populations are reviewed by Reichstein (1982 b) and northern Spanish samples by Ventura and Gosalbez (1989). Morphometric analyses contrasting two subspecies in Netherlands reported by Warmerdam (1982). Morphological variability in context of taxonomic and distributional studies provided by Kratochvll (1980, 1983), Krystufek and Tvrtkovic (1984), Nikolaeva (1982), and Ventura (1991). More than one species is represented in this complex (see generic comments).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30D45F969F817.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Afghanistan, Badkhiz, Gulran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30D45F969F817.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from high steppes and semi-desert in S Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and Afghanistan; isolated population in Great Balkhan Mtns on E coast of Caspian Sea (see Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991; Hassinger, 1973; Niethammer, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30D45F969F817.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution of Afghanistan populations reported by Niethammer (1970) and Hassinger (1973); morphometric and karyological analyses provided by Golenishchev and Sablina (1991), who recognized three subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFF140897FD2EF9DB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Microtus bucharicus Vinogradov, 1930.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFF140897FD2EF9DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Microtus, a ranking traditionally acknowledged by Russian authors (Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). In other taxonomic variations, Corbet (1978 c) assigned afghanus, the type-species of Blanfordimys, to the genus Pitymys, and Chaline (1974) placed it in Neodon, subgenus Microtus. Ellerman (1941) considered the diagnostic traits of afghanus so impressive that he recognized the genus, as did Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and recently Zagorodnyuk (1990). We concur. Blanfordimys is defined by derived features that set it apart from other voles. Furthermore, the significance of these features has never been adequately assessed in the context of a careful phylogenetic study involving the many subgenera now included in Microtus and other genera considered to be closely related to it. Isolating Blanfordimys from Microtus defines an explicit hypothesis of relationships that should be critically tested with morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30CFDFD1BF630.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tadzhikistan, Zeravshan Range, 8 km S Pendzhikent, near village of Zivan, 2200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30CFDFD1BF630.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mtns of SW Tadzhikistan, possibly N Afghanistan; limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBEFEE30CFDFD1BF630.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually included in afghanus (Corbet, 1978 c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), but morphometric and karyologic analyses indicate that bucharicus is a separate species with two distinct geographic components, one newly described as the subspecies davydovi (Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBDFF1502E9FBA7FCE8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola nivalis Martins, 1842.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF3FFBDFF1502E9FBA7FCE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Arvicolini. Although described as a genus, Miller (1912 a) later employed Chionomys as a subgenus, a status which became entrenched in the literature (Corbet, 1978 c, Krapp, 1982 a) with rare dissenters (e. g., Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Lehmann, 1969). Recent analyses reveal that Chionomys is not part of the monophyletic group containing Microtus (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Nadachowski, 1990 «; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Van der Meulen (1978) considered Suranontys to be a junior synonym of Chionontys, but the type species of Suranontys (= Microtus malei) is regarded as a Microtus related to the oeconomus group, not to Chionontys (see Nadachowski, 1990 «). New World Microtus longicaudus was referred to Chionontys by Anderson (1960), but a variety of data sources allies the former with Microtus proper (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982). Discussing the origin and phylogeny of Chionontys, Nadachowski (1990 «, 1991) suggested that two branches developed in Europe, one leading to C. nivalis, the other to C. roberti and C. gud. All three species are sympatric in the Caucasus (Nadachowski, 1990 «). Karyotypic variation among the three species is reported by Sablina (1988) and Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF130830FBA6FBA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, Caucasus, Gudauri, S of Krestovyi Pass.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF130830FBA6FBA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Caucasus Mtns, and NE Turkey.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF130830FBA6FBA4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c) listed gotschobi and ighesicus as synonyms of nivalis, but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) included them in C. gud.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2C0F69FE72F7AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland, Berner Oberland, Faulhorn.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2C0F69FE72F7AF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Europe from Spain through the Alps to Tatra, the Carpathians, Balkans, Mt Olympus and Pindus Range, east to W Caucasus, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Transcaucasia, Kopet Dag, and Zagros Mtns of Iran (see Krapp, 1982 «, for European range and Harrison and Bates, 1991, for Middle East). Records in Greece were provided by Niethammer (1987 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2C0F69FE72F7AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: European populations reviewed by Krapp (1982 a). Intraspecific morphological variation among Carpathian samples were analyzed by Kratochvil (1981) along with a review of European and Turkish subspecies. The subspecies spitzenbergerae denotes a population from S Turkey that was previously identified as C. gud (Nadachowski, 1990 b), a species which is known only from NE Turkey where it is sympatric with C. nivalis. Analyses of vertical distribution of C. nivalis in Yugoslavia (Krystufek and Kovacic, 1989) and geographic variation among samples from Austria and Yugoslavia (Krystufek, 1990) amplify knowledge of morphological variation within the species. Chromosomal variation in Bulgarian populations was reported by Peshev and Belcheva (1979). Allozyme variation and differentiation among samples of C. nivalis from N Italy and Israel were reported by Filippucci et al. (1991), who also noted that the Israeli population from Mt. Hermon (herntonis) might represent a separate species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2D0372FC3CF6B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Pontus Prov., Sumila, 30 mi S Trebizond (= Trabzon).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2D0372FC3CF6B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from forests of W Caucasus Mtns, and NE Turkey.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBDFF2D0372FC3CF6B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBCFF46026BFC24FD03.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus rutilus Pallas, 1779.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF0FFBCFF46026BFC24FD03.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in tribe Clethrionomyini, usually with voles such as Eothenomys, Alticola, and Hyperacrius (Koenigswald, 1980; Kretzoi, 1969). Clethrionontys is perhaps most closely related to Eothenomys, if not congeneric with it as suggested by some authors (Corbet, 1978 c, 1984; Hooper and Hart, 1962). Large segments of the genus were taxonomically reviewed by Aimi (1980), Corbet (1978 c, 1984), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977); chromosomal data summarized and interspecific relationships discussed by Gamperl (1982), Modi and Gamperl (1989), Nadler et al. (1976); Sokolov et al. (1990), and Vorontsov et al. (1978); electrophoretic data presented by Nadler et al. (1978) and Chaline and Graf (1988). The relationship among European and Japanese species based on living and Pleistocene samples was monographed by Kawamura (1988). Species in this genus were commonly listed under Evotomys (e. g., Hinton, 1926) until Palmer (1928) established the priority of Clethrionomys. Recently, Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) have questioned whether Myodes is a senior synonym of Clethrionomys and Zagorodnyuk (1990) employed the former name. This issue warrants prompt settlement before the literature on red-backed voles is diffused under yet another generic name.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF9080EFC7BFB89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Humboldt Co., Eureka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF9080EFC7BFB89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific-coast coniferous forest from the Columbia River south through W Oregon to NW California, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF9080EFC7BFB89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The name occidentalis was formerly applied to this species (e. g., Hall and Cockrum, 1953), but populations north of the Columbia River, which include occidentalis and caurinus, have been reassigned to C. gapperi (Cowan and Guiguet, 1965; Johnson and Ostenson, 1959).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF90F93FB58F9C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, W Tien Shan Mtns, Koksu valley, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF90F93FB58F9C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Tien Shan Mtns, Kazakhstan and Kirghizia; and adjacent Xinjiang, China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEF90F93FB58F9C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species recognized as such by Hinton (1926), included in C. glareolus by Corbet (1978 c), and recognized again as separate (Corbet, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Some Russian (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977) and Chinese (Ma et al., 1987) workers still use frater for the species. Chromosomal data recorded by Vorontsov et al. (1978) and Sokolov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEFA0D4AF9C3F6C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Ontario, between York (= Toronto) and Lake Simcoe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEFA0D4AF9C3F6C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Most of Canada from N British Columbia to Labrador, excluding Newfoundland; south in the Appalachians to N Georgia, in the Great Plains to N Iowa, and in the Rockies to C New Mexico and EC Arizona, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFBCFEFA0D4AF9C3F6C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Information on specific relationships somewhat contradictory. Interspecific hybrids of reduced fertility produced from laboratory crosses with Eurasian C. glareolus, which led Grant (1974) to view the two as semispecies of recent divergence. Others (Bee and Hall, 1956; Youngman, 1975) have suggested, without presentation of data, that gapperi and rutilus are conspecific. Based on biochemical data, Nadler et al. (1978) viewed Old World C. rufocanus as closely related to the gapperi-rutilus complex. Most highly variable in gastric morphology among species of Clethrionomys studied by Carleton (1981). See account of C. californiens for allocation of occidentalis and caurinus to C. gapperi. See Merritt (1981, Mammalian Species, 146).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFB3FEFA0257FE5CFD8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Denmark, Lolland Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFB3FEFA0257FE5CFD8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forests of W Palaearctic from France and Scandinavia to Lake Baikal, south to N Spain, N Italy (isolated montane populations farther south), the Balkans (but not most of Greece), W Turkey, N Kazakhstan and the Altai and Sayan Mtns; also occurs on Britain and SW Ireland (see Corbet, 1978 c, and Viro and Niethammer, 1982: 117).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF1FFB3FEFA0257FE5CFD8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: European populations reviewed by Viro and Niethammer (1982). Analysis of evolutionary relationships among British samples was reported by Steven (1953), biochemical differentiation among populations over short geographic distances was presented by Leitner and Hartl (1988). Evolutionary significance in morphology of third upper molar in extant and fossil samples analyzed by Bauchau and Chaline (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2D0995F9DEFAA9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Lappmark.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2D0995F9DEFAA9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Palearctic from Scandinavia through Siberia to Kamchatka, Russia, south to S Ural Mtns, the Altai Mtns, Mongolia, Transbaikal, N China (Xinjiang and Heilongjiang), Korea, and N Japan (Hokkaido and Rishiri Isis) (see Aimi, 1980; Corbet, 1978 c; Henttonen and Viitala, 1982; Kaneko, 1992; and Ma et al., 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2D0995F9DEFAA9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: European populations reviewed by Henttonen and Viitala (1982). Morphological discrimination of C. rufocanus and Eothenomys regulus and their geographic distributions in the former USSR, NE China, and Korea assessed by Kaneko (1990). Variation in morphology of upper third molar in context of systematic, age, and seasonal significance was reported by Abe (1982). Chromosomal data suggest the need to re-evaluate the specific status of montanus and bedfordiae (see Kashiwabara and Onoyama, 1988). Allocation of synonyms follows Aimi (1980), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2E0E74FE4FF794.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, center of Ob River delta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2E0E74FE4FF794.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic: in Old World, from N Scandinavia east to Chukotski Peninsula, and south to N Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Transbaikalia, NE China, Korea, and islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido (see Corbet, 1978 c; Henttonen and Peiponen, 1982); St. Lawrence Isl, Bering Sea; in New World, from Alaska east to Hudson Bay, and south to N British Columbia and extreme NE Manitoba, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF2E0E74FE4FF794.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Conspecificity of Old and New World populations advanced by Rausch (1953) and corroborated by subsequent studies (e. g., Nadler et al., 1976, 1978; Rausch and Rausch, 1975 a). European populations reviewed by Henttonen and Peiponen (1982). Variation in pattern of third upper molar and its systematic implications reported by Nakatsu (1982) for Japanese populations. North American populations revised, as C. dawsoni, by Orr (1945), and, as C. rutilus by Manning (1956). Also see account of C. gapperi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF28037AFAA4F601.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Kuril Islands, Sikotan Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF28037AFAA4F601.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands of Sikotan, Daikoku, and Rishiri (Imaizumi, 1971); limits of insular distribution unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB3FF28037AFAA4F601.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allocated by Corbet (1978 c) and Aimi (1980) to C. rufocanus but recognized as a distinct species by Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Imaizumi (1971, 1972), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). The status of microtinus was discussed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB2FF420118FCDCF9F9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus hudsonius Pallas, 1778.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFEFFB2FF420118FCDCF9F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: At first Dicrostonyx was grouped with other lemmings following Miller's (1896) classic Lemmi-Microti division (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Hinton, 1926; Ognev, 19636; Simpson, 1945). An impressive variety of data, however, requires its tribal separation (Dicrostonychini) from the true lemmings (Lemmini) and suggests that the origin of Dicrostonyx dates to the earliest radiation of arvicolines (Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1969; Modi, 1987). The simple viewpoint of a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, as advanced by Ognev (1963 b) and Rausch (1953, 19636), has been unsettled by karyotypic reports of the past two decades (Chernyavskii and Kozlovskii, 1980; Kröhne, 1982; Rausch, 1977; Rausch and Rausch, 1972). The occurrence of varying lemmings in quite different tundra biotopes (e. g., see Youngman, 1975) alone might have questioned the existence of only one species, but the karyological and breeding results of Rausch and Rausch (1972) first drew attention to the possibility of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx, an interpretation reiterated by Rausch (1977; see summary of chromosomal variation in Kröhne, 1982). Later authorities either listed the North American karyotypic morphs as species (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986) or continued to recognize most as subspecies of D. groenlandicus, together with D. exsul on St. Lawrence Island and D. hudsonius on the Ungava Peninsula (Hall, 1981). After examining museum specimens, we readily appreciate the specific distinctiveness of groenlandicus, hudsonius, richardsoni, and unalascensis. The morphological discrimination of others (kilangmiutak, nelsoni, and rubricatus) is more subtle but may yield to careful description and analysis; we have not seen examples of nunatakensis, an isolated taxon described as a subspecies of torquatus by Youngman (1967). Unfortunately, the provocative findings of Rausch and others have not been explored and substantiated using other taxonomic information; in this regard, Youngman's (1975) narrative overview of species and racial distributions warrants attention in future efforts. We herein continue to list the species of Dicrostonyx as provisional and stress that their repetition in checklists like this enhances neither our confidence in the number of biological entities nor our understanding of their biogeographic significance.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF090D22FBCBF96E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF090D22FBCBF96E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0DB0FD2CF85C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Greenland, Jamesons Land.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0DB0FD2CF85C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Greenland and Queen Elizabeth Islands, south to Baffin and Southampton islands and NE District of Keewatin, Canada; limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0CCFF955F79F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Labrador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0CCFF955F79F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Labrador and N Quebec, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0CCFF955F79F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Unbanded karyotype resembles that of D. richardsoni (see Kröhne, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0382FE67F6BD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Northwest Territories, SE Victoria Island on Victoria Strait, DeHaven Point.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A0382FE67F6BD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Victoria and Banks islands and the adjacent Canadian mainland; poorly known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A026EFD1DF5F8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Norton Sound, St. Michael.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB2FF0A026EFD1DF5F8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Alaska and Alaskan Peninsula, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB1FF0B0123F8BEFE7B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Yukon Territory, Ogilvie Mtns, 20 mi S Chapman Lake, 5500 ft; 64 ° 35 ' N, 138 ° 13 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB1FF0B0123F8BEFE7B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Ogilvie Mtns, NC Yukon Territory, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFFFFB1FF0B0123F8BEFE7B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: As remarked by Youngman (1967), this form contrasts markedly with nearby rubricatus and kilangmiutak; tentatively retained as a species by Honacki et al. (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F0AA6FA23FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Manitoba, Fort Churchill.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F0AA6FA23FDB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W coast of Hudson Bay west to vicinity of Great Slave Lake, District of MacKenzie, Canada; extent of westward distribution unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F095BFDE5FD0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Bering Strait.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F095BFDE5FD0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Alaska, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F081EFC59FAAD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, mouth of River Ob.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F081EFC59FAAD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Palearctic tundra from White Sea, W Russia, to Chukotski Peninsula, NE Siberia, and Kamchatka; including Novaya Zemlya and New Siberian islands, Arctic Ocean (see Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF1F081EFC59FAAD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal traits of populations from the Polar Urals (D. t. torquatus), the Laptev Sea coast and Rautan Island off the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula (D. f. chionopaes) are similar, and progeny of crosses between these two subspecies are fertile (Gileva, 1980). Unusual sex-chromosome constitution and other chromosomal information were summarized by Gileva et al. (1980), Gileva (1983), and Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Once believed to encompass most or all New World populations (e. g., Rausch, 1953, 19636) but their level of relationship to D. torquatus proper is now unclear (see remarks under genus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180E70FB17F99D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Umnak Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180E70FB17F99D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Umnak and Unalaska islands of Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180E70FB17F99D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Only species of Dicrostonyx to lack molt to white winter pelage and acquistion of snow claws (see Rausch and Rausch, 1972).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180D81FC74F85A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Siberia, Wrangel Island (Os. Vrangelya), off coast of Anadyr region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180D81FC74F85A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF180D81FC74F85A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in D. torquatus by Corbet (1978 c), but chromosomal data, morphological traits, and breeding results indicate vinogradovi is a separate species (Chernyavskii and Kozlovskii, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB0FF1902BCFB0AFE5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Rijeka Prov., Montenegro, Cetinje.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB0FF1902BCFB0AFE5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from mountains of Yugoslavia (see map in Petrov and Todorovic, 1982); limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB0FF1902BCFB0AFE5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The extant species is most closely related to two Pleistocene species: D. dalmatinus, recorded from N Italy, Yugoslavia, and S Greece (see Petrov and Todorovic, 1982); and D. topachevskii from Uzbekistan (see Nesin and Skorik, 1989). Zoogeographic aspects of D. bogdanovi were discussed by Petrov (1979) and chromosomal data by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF330CDEFAC5F652.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Microtus (Chionomys) marakovici Bolkay, 1924 (= Microtus bogdanovi Martino, 1922).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFCFFB1FF330CDEFAC5F652.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Often referenced as Dolomys until Corbet (1978 c) explained the correct usage of Dinaromys for bogdanovi. The genus has been allocated to the Ondatrini (see Corbet, 1978 c) or Clethrionomyini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962), but Kretzoi's (1969) referral to the Pliomyini perhaps reflects a stronger hypothesis of its phylogenetic affinities (also see Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Based on molar enamel microstructure, Koenigswald (1980) discovered no close affinity with any living arvicoline and suggested a relationship with an extinct species of Propliomys, a late Pliocene genus also placed in Pliomyini by Kretzoi (1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEE30FB3F88FF9D9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Alai Valley, between Sary-Tashem and Bardabo, 3300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEE30FB3F88FF9D9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the Alai Mtns, S Kirghizia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEE30FB3F88FF9D9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Ellobius. Included, with question, in E. talpinus by Corbet (1978 c). Chromosomal data and breeding results reveal that alaicus does not belong in E. talpinus and is reproductively isolated from E. tancrei, with which it is parapatric (Corbet, 1984; Lyapunova et al., 1990, and references therein). Closely related to E. tancrei and provisionally placed in that species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FF1B0ADCFE68FB6E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus talpinus Pallas, 1770.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FF1B0ADCFE68FB6E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Gromov and Polyakov (1977) excluded Ellobius from arvicolines, and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) viewed the Ellobiini as Cricetidae incertae sedis, questioning whether it belonged in Arvicolinae or Cricetinae. Most workers, however, have recognized Ellobius, albeit highly specialized and unusual, as the only extant member of the tribe Ellobiini of Arvicolinae (Corbet, 1978 c; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1969; Topachevskii and Rekovets, 1982). Topachevskii and Rekovets (1982) interpreted relationships and morhological trends in diversification within the genus from the late Pliocene to Recent. The present range of Ellobius is only part of a wider distribution that once embraced Israel and North Africa in the middle to late Pleistocene (Jaeger, 1988). Ultrastructure, meiotic behavior, and evolution of sex chromosomes in the genus are discussed by Kolomiets et al. (1991). Two subgenera are recognized, Ellobius and Afganomys; Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed the latter as a genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0D45F90AF87C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Baluchistan Region, Quetta Div., Quetta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0D45F90AF87C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Iran, Afghanistan, W Pakistan, and S Turkmenistan in the Kopet Dag Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0D45F90AF87C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Afganomys. Chromosomal data presented by Vorontsov et al. (1980) and Lyapunova et al. (1980) in context of assessing specific differences within the genus and variation in sex chromosomes. Morphology described in detail by Hinton (1926), in context of surveying interrelationships among arvicoline genera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0CAFF9A4F6EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Kurdistan, Van.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0CAFF9A4F6EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S Caucasus Mtns south through E Turkey and NW Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB0FEFC0CAFF9A4F6EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Afganomys. Treated by Corbet (1978 c) as a synonym of E. fuscocapillus but now shown to be a distinct species (Corbet, 1984; Vorontsov et al., 1980, and references therein), as earlier listed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). This is a species with a low diploid number (17) and an unusual mode of sex determination, which has been the subject of the many reports reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a), as well as current inquiry (Vogel et al., 1988, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB7FEFC0233FC52FE73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, W Bank of Volga River, between Kuibyshev (= Samara) and Kostychi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB7FEFC0233FC52FE73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes from S Ukraine and Crimea east through Kazakhstan to N of Balkhash Lake, and in Turkmenistan (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Yakimenko and Lyapunova, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFDFFB7FEFC0233FC52FE73.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Ellobius. Chromosomal polymorphism among samples from the Pamir-Alai Mtns was analyzed by Lyapunova et al. (1980); other chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Cytological identification of Turkmenian populations as E. talpinus and comparison with T. tancrei provided by Yakimenko and Lyapunova (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030A9FF9D8FCC4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Zaissan Lake Valley, Kendyrlik (= Przevalskoie).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030A9FF9D8FCC4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From NE Turkmenistan (Yakimenko and Lyapunova, 1986) and Uzbekistan east through E Kazakhstan to E China (Xinjiang and Nei Mongolia) and Mongol.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030A9FF9D8FCC4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in E. talpinus by Corbet (1978 c) but now regarded as a distinct species whose geographic range is allopatric to that of E. talpinus (see references in Corbet, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Yakimenko and Lyapunova, 1986). Chromosomal contrasts with E. talpinus recorded by Yakimenko and Lyapunova (1986), comparisons with E. alaicus reported by Lyapunova et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF350863FD54FB29.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Georychus luteus Eversmann, 1840.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF350863FD54FB29.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Corbet (1978 c) viewed this taxon as part of Lagurus, but subsequent authorities have considered the two separate genera (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) clarified the taxonomic decisions behind origin of the generic name, and pointed out that Corbet's (1978 c) statement that it was meant as a subgenus for luteus may be the first validation of Eolagurus. A member of the tribe Lagurini (see account of Lagurus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030FF4FBCEF9E7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, NW of Aral Sea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030FF4FBCEF9E7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Kazakhstan region, but now extinct (see Corbet, 1978 c, and reference therein); Nxingiang (Ma et al., 1987), and W Mongolia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF030FF4FBCEF9E7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977). Cranial and dental morphology described by Hinton (1926) in context of surveying interrelationships among arvicoline genera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C0D2AFD44F88A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Qinghai (Tsinghai), Tsaidam region, shore of Iche-zaidemin Nor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C0D2AFD44F88A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S Xinjiang and N Xizang in W China, east through Quinghai and N Gansu to S Mongolia and Nei Mongol; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C0D2AFD44F88A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This very distinctive species was incorrectly united with E. luteus by Corbet (1978 c) but treated as separate by Allen (1940), Corbet and Hill (1991), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C020DFAA7F5F1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Sichuan, Kiatingfu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C020DFAA7F5F1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Sichuan and Yunnan between 2000 - 4000 m (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF1C020DFAA7F5F1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The type-species of Anteliomys (see Hinton, 1926).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF360CA1FD5BF700.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola melanogaster Milne-Edwards, 1871.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB7FF360CA1FD5BF700.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Corbet (1978 c), who also included Phaulomys (a genus we separate from Eothenomys) and Aschizomys (which we include in Alticola). Eothenomys is closely related to Hyperacrius, Alticola, and Clethrionomys, all of which are usually placed in the Clethrionomyini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB6FF1C011DFACDFEAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Atuntsi, 11,500 - 12,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB6FF1C011DFACDFEAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from mtns of Sichuan and Yunnan, where it occurs up to 4200 m (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFAFFB6FF1C011DFACDFEAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a species of Anteliomys by Hinton (1926).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE70A69FD1CFD10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Gansu (Kansu), SE of Tauchow, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE70A69FD1CFD10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China, mtns of S Gansu and adjoining regions of Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Hubei (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978 c; Kaneko, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE70A69FD1CFD10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a member of Evotomys or Clethrionomys by Hinton (1926), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977), but correctly described and revised as a distinct species of Eothenomys by Allen (1940), Corbet (1978 c), and Kaneko (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE209FAFD18FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Shanxi (Shansi), mtns 12 mi NW Kolanchow, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE209FAFD18FBB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE209FAFD18FBB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Following Hinton (1926), inez was synonymized with Clethrionomys rufocanus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), but its status as a distinct species of Eothenomys is well documented (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978 c; Kaneko, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE20F59FD7EF989.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Sichuan, Moupin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE20F59FD7EF989.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and S China, north to S Gansu and Ningxia, south to N Thailand and N Burma; also on Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEE20F59FD7EF989.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allen (1940) treated miletus and eleusis as distinct species, and Corbet (1978 c) acknowledged that more than one species may be represented in what he identified as E. melanogaster. After checking large museum series, we share this reservation and only provisionally ally these synonyms with melanogaster pending a systematic revision of the group. Conventional karyotype of Taiwan populations reported by Harada et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0D92FB15F890.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Chaotungfu, 6700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0D92FB15F890.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Yunnan between 6000 - 7000 ft (see Allen, 1940).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0D92FB15F890.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hinton (1926) recognized this species as a member of Eothenomys, but Gromov and Polyakov (1977) placed it in Anteliomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0C7DFC51F780.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Likiang Range (27 ° 30 ' N), 13,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0C7DFC51F780.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the mtns of Yunnan and Sichuan, China (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFC0C7DFC51F780.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a species of Eothenomys by Hinton (1926), but placed in Anteliomys by Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFD038FFC84F5D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Korea, Mingyong, HO mi SE Seoul.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFD038FFC84F5D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Korea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB6FEFD038FFC84F5D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually included in Clethrionomys rufocanus (Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977) but treated as a separate species by Corbet (1978 c). In a careful morphological study of C. rufocanus and E. regulus from the former USSR, NE China, and Korea, Kaneko (1990) discovered E. regulus to be a Korean endemic and suggested (p. 129) " that the true geographical demarcation line between the two species lies on the western and southern boundary of the Kaima Plateau, North Korea. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB5FEFD0147FDBEFE0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Shanxi (Shansi), Chao Cheng Shan (= Mt. Nanyan Shan), 8000 ft; 37 ° 54 ' N, 111 ° 30 ' E (as restricted by Kaneko, 1992: 93).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB5FEFD0147FDBEFE0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Shanxi and Hebei provinces, China (see Kaneko, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFFBFFB5FEFD0147FDBEFE0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded by Allen (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), and Hinton (1926) as a member of Evotomys or Clethrionomys rufocanus, but Corbet (1978 c) and Kaneko (1992) reassociated the species with Eothenomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100830FC66FBF1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Pir Panjal Mtns, 8500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100830FC66FBF1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Kashmir region and N Pakistan (Corbet, 1978 c; Phillips, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF4A0923FE46FCED.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola fertilis True, 1894.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF4A0923FE46FCED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and ecology reviewed by Phillips (1969). According to Corbet (1978 c), phylogenetically near Alticola but more fossorial, and assigned to Clethrionomyini by Hooper and Hart (1962) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100F1CFDA3FAE2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Murree, 7000 ft (locality of lectotype, as selected by Phillips, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100F1CFDA3FAE2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Pakistan, Murree Hills in the lower Kahgan Valley E of Indus River, and W of the Indus in Swat (see Phillips, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF490E46FB0DF978.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus lagurus Pallas, 1773.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF490E46FB0DF978.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to Eolagurus, both of which are the only extant members of the Tribe Lagurini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) clarified the status of Mus lagurus as the type species instead of L. migratorius as indicated by Corbet (1978 c). Excludes North American Lemmiscus curtatus (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100DA3F928F86D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, mouth of Ural River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100DA3F928F86D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes from Ukraine through N Kazakhstan to W Mongolia and NW China (Xinjiang) (see Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF100DA3F928F86D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF1702A9FC04F58F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, NE Mongolia, near Tarei-Nor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF1702A9FC04F58F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mongolia and adjacent Transbaikalia, Russia, and the Chinese provinces of E Nei Mongol, Heilungkiang, Jilin, and Hebei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF4A0CCBF891F665.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola brandtii Radde, 1861.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF8FFB5FF4A0CCBF891F665.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although systematists agree that Lasiopodomys belongs in Arvicolini, they have disagreed over its generic status. Some have relegated it to a subgenus of Microtus (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978 c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). However, Hinton (1926) noted the diagnostic features that sets Lasiopodomys apart as a genus, a ranking broadly acknowledged by both neontologists and paleontologists (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Repenning et al., 1990; Smorkacheva et al., 1990; Zagorodnyuk, 1990; Zheng and Li, 1990). The allocation to Microtus has not issued from careful phylogenetic study; until data is obtained suggesting otherwise, Lasiopodomys should be retained as a genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FEF20A2DFE62FD53.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Qinghai Prov., " Dy-Tschju River (upper reaches of Yellow and Blue Rivers), approximately 34 ° N, 93 ° E " (as given by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 682).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FEF20A2DFE62FD53.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Qinghai Prov.; extent of range unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FEF20A2DFE62FD53.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Pitymys leucurus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c), but separated as a species and placed in Lasiopodomys by Zheng and Wang (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FEF309BFFA0FFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Shanxi (Shansi), probably near Saratsi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FEF309BFFA0FFC5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and NE China (Nei Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Heilongjiang); N Mongolia; Transbaikal region and E and SE Siberia of Russia; Korea; limits of range uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0EB8F8D9F92C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Nevada, Esmeralda Co., Mt. Magruder, Pigeon Spring.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0EB8F8D9F92C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sagebrush steppe and desert from S Alberta and SE Saskatchewan, Canada, south to NW Colorado and EC California, including the Columbia Basin of interior Oregon and Washington, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0EB8F8D9F92C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Carroll and Genoways, 1980 (Mammalian Species, 124, as Lagurus curtatus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF2608DAFB7CFA57.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola curtata Cope, 1868.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF2608DAFB7CFA57.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Named as a subgenus of Lagurus to segregate New World sagebrush voles from Old World steppe voles. Davis (1939) underscored the morphological separation between New and Old World forms and raised Lemmiscus to a genus, a view supported by Carleton's (1981) study of gastric anatomy. Subsequent faunal studies and checklists have variously listed Lemmiscus as a genus (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977) or as a subgenus of Lagurus (Hall, 1981; Honacki et al., 1982). Certain morphological traits associate Lemmiscus with Microtus (Carleton, 1981; Davis, 1939), but chromosomal banding patterns provide little resolution of its phylogenetic affinity (Modi, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0245FD2EF546.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Pikan, on River Zeya, a tributary of the Amur River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0245FD2EF546.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Larch taiga of E Siberia, from east of Lake Baikal through the upper Amur River basin, and north in the Verkhoyansk and Cherskogo Mtns to the River Omolon (see Chernyavskii et al., 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF0C0245FD2EF546.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species revised by Chernyavskii et al. (1980). Additional chromosomal data analyzed by Gileva et al. (1984) in context of distinguishing species of Lemmus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF260C0AFD95F6D8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus lemmus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFF9FFB4FF260C0AFD95F6D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nominative genus of Miller's (1896) classic tribe Lemmi, then including Dicrostonyx (see that account). Distinctiveness still recognized as the tribe Lemmini, including Myopus and Synaptomys, a clade believed to represent an early line of arvicoline evolution (Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980). Fossil history reviewed by Koenigswald and Martin (1984) and zoogeography discussed by Rausch and Rausch (1975 b). Old World taxa reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Chromosomal information summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Also see account of Myopus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF060A2CFA8FFDD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Lappmark.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF060A2CFA8FFDD0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Scandinavia and tundra from Lapland to the White Sea (Corbet, 1978 c; see Tast, 1982 «, for European range).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF060A2CFA8FFDD0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: European populations reviewed by Tast (1982 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF05093AFE64F9BD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Yamalo-Nenetskaya Nats. Okr., between Polar Ural Mtns and lower course of Ob River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF05093AFE64F9BD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic tundra landscapes: in Palearctic, from White Sea, W Russia, to Chukotski Peninsula, NE Siberia, and Kamchatka; including Nunivak and St. George islands in the Bering Sea; in Nearctic, from W Alaska east to Baffin Island and Hudson Bay, and south in the Rocky Mtns to C British Columbia, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFABFF05093AFE64F9BD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: North American races revised, as L. trimucronatus, by Davis (1944) and retained as such by Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall and Kelson (1959). Rausch (1953) proposed the synonymy of trimucronatus and nigripes under Old World L. sibiricus, a taxonomic arrangement elaborated by Rausch and Rausch (19751?) and maintained in subsequent faunal works (Banfield, 1974; Hall, 1981; Jones et al., 1986). Gileva (1983) and Gileva et al. (1984) believed that the cytogenetic peculiarities of chrysogaster confirm its independence as a species relative to L. amurensis, L. lemmus, and L. sibiricus, and suggested it may be conspecific with North American L. trimucronatus. The sample they identified as chrysogaster, however, comes from the Chukotski Peninsula on the coast of the East Siberian Sea, not from the west coast of the Okhotsk Sea, the type locality of chrysogaster. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) retained, with reservation, chrysogaster in the synonymy of L. sibiricus pending further study and accurate identification of lemmings from the Chukotski Peninsula. Corbet and Hill (1991) continued to recognize the St. George Island form nigripes as a species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFAAFF3A0D7DFBD3FB14.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Microtus terrestris Schrank, 1798 (= Mus arvalis Pallas, 1778).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE6FFAAFF3A0D7DFBD3FB14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nowhere are the explosiveness and recency of arvicoline evolution more dramatically highlighted than by the inconsistency of systematic treatment of genusgroup taxa to be subsumed by Microtus. No consensus exists concerning the morphological limits or monophyly of many of these taxa, a situation which in part reflects the narrow reliance of our classifications on dental characters undergoing rapid change (see Guthrie, 1971; Koenigswald, 1980). Such variability and inconsistency of systematic opinion are epitomized by the taxon Pitymys. As noted by Carleton and Musser (1984: 321), " Generally, paleontologists and European mammalogists accord Pitymys separate generic status (Corbet, 1978 c; Koenigswald, 1980; Repenning, 1983), whereas North American workers view it as a subgenus of Microtus (Hall, 1981; Jones et al., 1975). " The geographic split among systematists is by itself instructive, as is the nature of the character base consulted by paleontologists versus neontologists. Similar disputes have surrounded the taxonomic history of other genus-group taxa associated with Microtus, such as Arvicola, Blanfordimys, Chionomys, Lasiopodomys, Neodon, Phaiomys, and Proedromys. Zagorodnyuk (1990) developed an interesting reclassification of Microtus and its kin. Although probably wrong on details, we believe that it offers an important philosophical alternative in the continuing examination of relationships among Microtus-like forms. In his arrangement of Arvicolini, Zagorodnyuk emphasized hypotheses of intracontinental origin and regional diversification of major clades of Microtus. Thus, pitymyine forms of the Old World (Terricola) are segregated from those of the New World (Pitymys); New World common voles (Mynomes) are separated from Old World voles such as Microtus proper, Alexandromys, and Agricola; and the invasion of the New World semiaquatic niche is recognized (Aulacomys) as independent of the Old World water-vole radiation (Arvicola). If we interpret them correctly, such a viewpoint is consistent with the preliminary results emerging from electrophoretic studies (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Moore and Janecek, 1990) and with some paleontological perspectives (e. g., Chaline, 1974). The more traditional notion of intercontinental dispersal and broad transcontinental distributions still receives stong support in the publications of Martin (1974, 1987), Repenning (1980, 1983), Repenning et al. (1990), and van der Muelen (1978). Although we question Zagorodnyuk's cardinal reliance on chomosomal traits and do not wholly embrace his ranking of taxa (e. g., Neodon and Terricola as genera), his classification of Microtus and related forms deserves serious attention in future studies. See accounts of Blanfordimys, Chionomys, Lasiopodomys, and Proedromys, often included in Microtus but which are here treated as genera. North American forms revised by Bailey (1900) and taxonomy updated by Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall (1981); many aspects of paleontology, taxonomy, zoogeography, and anatomy covered in Tamarin (1985). For synoptic coverage of the more diverse Palearctic Microtus fauna, see Corbet (1978 c), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Niethammer and Krapp (1982 a), and Ognev (1963 b, 1964).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50FF9FA37F9BA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Bering Sea, Hall Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50FF9FA37F9BA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Hall and St. Matthew Islands, Bering Sea (Alaska, USA).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50FF9FA37F9BA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An insular relative of M. miurus of the Alaskan mainland, generally retained as a species (Fedyk, 1970; Rausch and Rausch, 1968). Karyotype reported by Rausch and Rausch (1968) and chromosomal affinities within subgenus Stenocranius discussed by Fedyk (1970). Also see accounts of M. gregalis and M. miurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50D67FC41F657.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50D67FC41F657.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Britain and nearby small islands, Scandinavia, and France east through Europe and Siberia to Lena River; south to Pyrennes of France and Spain, and to N Portugal; east to N Yugoslavia, S Urals, Altai Mtns, NW China (Xinjiang), and Lake Baikal region (Corbet, 1978 c; Krapp and Niethammer, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFAAFEF50D67FC41F657.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Agricola, agrestis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Although regarded as conspecific with North American M. pennsylvanicus on morphological grounds (Klimkiewicz, 1970), chomosomal differences led Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1986) to conclude that their similarities represented convergence, not phylogenetic alliance; instead they remarked upon possible closer relationship of M. agrestis to North American M. chrotorrhinus. Zagorodnyuk (1990) emphasized this evolutionary distance by placing M. pennsylvanicus in the subgenus Mynomes. Chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a); European populations reviewed by Krapp and Niethammer (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFA9FEF602BBFA8CFC81.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany; neotype from Leningrad Oblast.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFA9FEF602BBFA8CFC81.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From C and N Spain throughout Europe (including Denmark) to western margin of Black Sea in the south and northeast to Kirov region (west of the Urals) in Russia; also populations on the Orkney Islands, Guernsey (Channel Islands), and Yeu (France) (see Niethammer and Krapp, 1982 b, and Zagorodnyuk, 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE7FFA9FEF602BBFA8CFC81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Taxonomy and distribution generally reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and European populations by Niethammer and Krapp (1982). Morphological variation among samples from NE Spain was documented by Gosalbez and Sans-Coma (1977). Chromosomal data and comparisons with other species summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 a) and Burgos et al. (1989). Some of the synonyms listed and much of the southern and eastern distribution outlined for M. arvalis by Corbet (1978 c) actually refer to either M. obscurus or M. rossiaemeridionalis (see those accounts).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF09088DF940FBAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany, Bavarian Alps, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 730 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF09088DF940FBAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Bavarian Alps (see König, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF09088DF940FBAB.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF09088DF940FBAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0F76FC04F997.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Massachusetts, Muskeget Island, off Nantucket.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0F76FC04F997.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0F76FC04F997.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0F76FC04F997.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). An insular vicariant of M. pennsylvanicus, the two are inseparable karyotypically (Fivush et al., 1975; Modi, 1986), marginally distinct electrophoretically (Kohn and Tamarin, 1978), but morphologically sharply discrete (Bailey, 1900; Miller, 1896; Moyer et al., 1988). Although posited as conspecific with M. pennsylvanicus (e. g., Corbet and Hill, 1991; Jones et al., 1986; Modi, 1986), Moyer et al. (1988) mustered convincing evidence for the retention of breweri as a species. See Tamarin and Kunz (1974, Mammalian Species, 45).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0D7BF953F7BB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, Madrid Prov., Sierra de Guadarrama, near Rascafria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0D7BF953F7BB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Spain, Portugal, and French side of the Pyrenees (see Niethammer, 1982 /, and Corbet, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0A0D7BF953F7BB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Agricola, agrestis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982 /). Close relative is the Pleistocene M. brecciensis from Spain and S France (see Niethammer, 1982 /). Chaline (1974) used the subgenus Iberomys, a name superceded by Agricola, for dentatus and brecciensis. Biochemical and chromosomal data reported by Millet et al. (1982), Burgos et al. (1989), and Jimenez et al. (1991); other chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0B0366FD86F50A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Santa Clara Co., vicinity of San Francisco Bay, San Francisquito Creek near Palo Alto (as fixed by Kellogg, 1918: 5).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0B0366FD86F50A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oak woodlands and grasslands of Pacific coast, from SW Oregon through California, USA, to N Baja California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0B0366FD86F50A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as M. c. scirpensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE4FFA9FF0B0366FD86F50A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Broadly affiliated with other North American species of Microtus, but evidence for nearest specific relative contradictory (compare assessments of Anderson, 1959; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Zagorodnyuk (1990) acknowledged enigmatic phyletic stature as sole member of californicus species group, subgenus Mynomes. Geographic races delineated by Kellogg (1918); Gill (1980) recorded instances of sterility in hybrids between M. c. californicus and M. c. stephensi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF90A27FCDAFD64.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Oregon, Polk Co., Willamette Valley, McCoy.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF90A27FCDAFD64.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Willamette Valley of NW Oregon and adjacent Washington, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF90A27FCDAFD64.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, montanus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reduced to a subspecies of M. montanus by Hall and Kelson (1951); resurrected to specific status based on karyotypic and electrophoretic evidence (Hsu and Johnson, 1970; Johnson, 1968; Modi, 1986). Viewed as sibling species to M. montanus (see Hoffmann and Koeppl, 1985; Modi, 1986, 1987). See Verts and Carraway (1987, Mammalian Species, 267).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEFB09B6FCD4FB04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, New Hampshire, Coos Co., Mount Washington, head of Tuckerman's Ravine, 5300 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEFB09B6FCD4FB04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Labrador southwest through S Quebec and Ontario, Canada, to NE Minnesota, USA; south in Appalachian Mtns to E Tennessee and W North Carolina, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEFB09B6FCD4FB04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aulacomys, sole member of chrotorrhinus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Although conventionally viewed as closely related to (Anderson, 1960), if not conspecific with (Hall and Kelson, 1959) M. xanthognathus, morphological and chromosomal traits reveal their more distant kinship (Bailey, 1900; Guilday, 1982; R. L. Martin, 1973, 1979; Rausch and Rausch, 1974). Genic variation evaluated by Kilpatrick and Crowell (1985). See Kirkland and Jannett (1982, Mammalian Species, 180).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40E16FC6AF929.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Daghestan, Caucasus Mtns, Karda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40E16FC6AF929.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Caucasus Mtns, S Daghestan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40E16FC6AF929.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Included in Pitymys subterraneus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and in P. majori by Corbet (1978 c). However, Kratochvil and Krâl (1974) and Baskevich et al. (1984) provided evidence supporting daghestanicus as a separate species, a view endorsed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Zima and Krâl (1984 «) and Achverdjan et al. (1992) reviewed chromosomal information. Corbet (1978 c) discussed the status of the replacement name suramensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40DF7FABFF799.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: France, Gard, Montpellier.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40DF7FABFF799.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE France, E and S Spain, and Portugal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40DF7FABFF799.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Craniometric analyses contrasting this species with A 4, gerbei and A 4, lusitanicus documented by Spitz (1978). Taxonomy and biology reviewed by Niethammer (1982 Î); chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 «); meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes reported by Carnero et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40387FDFFF687.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Lake Evoron basin, Devyatka River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40387FDFFF687.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF40387FDFFF687.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, maxintowiczii species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Considered by Meier (1983) to be closely related to A 4, mujanensis and A 4. maxintowiczii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF50296FBCCF52F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Rep. Makedonija (Macedonia), Pelister Mtns, near Trnovo-Magarevo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF50296FBCCF52F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Yugoslavia and Greece (see Niethammer, 1982 / 1, 1987 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE5FFA8FEF50296FBCCF52F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, savii species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982 / i). Chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Biochemical comparisons among M. felteni, M. subterraneus, and other voles are documented by Gill et al. (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060A36FD73FCBE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Nei Mongol, Ordos Desert, Huang Ho Valley, Sujan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060A36FD73FCBE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transbaikalia and Amur region south through Nei Mongol and E China to lower Yangtse Valley and Fujian (see Kovalskaya et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060A36FD73FCBE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys. Geographic variation in chromosomal traits and its significance was reported by Kovalskaya et al. (1988; 1991). Most researchers view this species as a close phylogenetic relative of M. mongolicus (Meier, 1983; Radjabli et al., 1984). Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed M. fortis as the only member of its species group and related to the M. middendorffi group, which contains M. middendorffi, M. miurus, M. mongolicus, and M. sachalinensis. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060860FB84FADC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: France, Loire-Inferieure, Dreneuf.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060860FB84FADC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW France, and the Pyrenees Mtns of France and Spain (see Krapp, 1982 d).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF060860FB84FADC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, savii species group sensu both Chaline et al. (1988) and Zagorodnyuk (1990). This species was reviewed by Krapp (1982 d) under the name pyrenaicus, but according to Spitz (1978) the latter is a nomen dubium and gerbei assumes priority. The species was included in savii by Corbet (1978 c), but chromosomal evidence and craniometric analysis underscore its specific integrity (Kratochvil and Krâl, 1974; Spitz, 1978). Chromosomal data (as pyrenaicus) summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070E4EF8A8F7C8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, E of Chulym River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070E4EF8A8F7C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Palearctic tundra of Siberia from White Sea to far northeast, and wooded steppe from S Urals east to Amur and NE China (Heilongjiang), south to Aral Sea, Pamirs, Tien Shan and Altai Mtns, N Mongolia, and NW China (Xinjiang) (see Corbet, 1978 c; Rausch, 1964).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070E4EF8A8F7C8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Stenocranius. The only Asian species in the subgenus (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Intraspecific variation in chromosomal traits among Mongolian samples documented by Kovalskaya (1989) and earlier chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Based on morphological and zoogeographic criteria, Rausch (1964) considered the North American miurus to be conspecific with Asian gregalis, a connection refuted by Fedyk (1970) with chromosomal data and by Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1986). Zagorodnyuk (1990) emphasized the karyotypic divergence between gregalis and miurus by listing the latter in the M. middendorffi species group along with M. mongolicus and M. sachalinensis, subgenus Alexandromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070352FC73F6B8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Huehuetenango Dept., Todos Santos, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070352FC73F6B8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highland meadows of C Chiapas, Mexico, and C Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAFFF070352FC73F6B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Herpetomys, usually placed in Microtus, with (Bailey, 1900) or without (Hall, 1981) subgeneric ranking; or placed in Pitymys when used as a genus (Honacki et al., 1982; Martin, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAEFF060265FBBDFE8B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Maras Prov., Taurus Mtns, near Maras (= Marash).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAEFF060265FBBDFE8B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Bulgaria, S Yugoslavia, E Greece, and W Turkey (see Niethammer, 1982 e).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE2FFAEFF060265FBBDFE8B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, sodalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) placed this species in subgenus Sumeriomys, but Zagorodnyuk (1990) left it in the subgenus Microtus. Corbet (1978 c) initially included guentheri in M. sodalis but later recognized its specific distinctness (Corbet, 1984), which was earlier demonstrated by Felten et al. (1971) and Morlok (1978). Harrison and Bates (1991) continued to unite guentheri with M. socialis. Reviewed by Niethammer (1982 c); chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF080A96FCDDFC0E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Verhoiansk Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF080A96FCDDFC0E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Siberia, basin of Yana River, Berhoiansk Range, and Taimyr Peninsula (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF080A96FCDDFC0E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys. Reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977). Corbet (1978 c) included hyperboreus in M. middendorffi because Gileva (1972) had demonstrated their complete interfertility. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), however, recognized M. hyperboreus, noting that the two are clearly morphologically distinct and that material in published studies probably omitted true hyperboreus. Meier (1983) recognized the two species as closely related and noted that no study of variability within middendorffi had been made, and more importantly, that insufficient material from the type locality had been analyzed. Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1976) considered M. hyperboreus and M. middendorffi to be chromosomally closely related to North American M. miurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF0B0F1EFB19F97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Fars Prov., Shiraz, Bagh-i-Rezi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF0B0F1EFB19F97B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Turkey, N Syria, Lebanon, Israel, W Jordan, Cyrenaica in Libya, N Iraq, W and N Iran, and Kopet Dag Mtns in Turkmenistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF0B0F1EFB19F97B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) listed M. irani in the subgenus Sumeriomys, a name not recognized by Zagorodnyuk (1990). Corbet (1978 c) and Harrison and Bates (1991) included irani in M. socialis, but the two are distinct species as documented by Morlok (1978) and Kock and Nader (1983), who also noted that most records of M. guentheri from Syria, Lebanon, and Israel are M. irani and that philistinus may be an older name for irani. The isolated Lybian population was reviewed, under mustersi, by Ranck (1968). The status of paradoxus (from Kopet Dag Mtns) deserves reevaluation: Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) treated it as a synonym of irani but Zagorodnyuk (1990) maintained it as distinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF040DA7FC47F74D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Tatsienlu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF040DA7FC47F74D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High mtns in N Burma and the Chinese provinces of E Xizang (Feng et al., 1986), Yunnan, Sichuan, and S Gansu (see Niethammer, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFAEFF040DA7FC47F74D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neodon. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed irene as a valid species, but Corbet (1978 c) allocated it to Pitymys sikimensis, citing Gruber's (1969) " detailed study " as substantiation. However, the union of irene and sikimensis is insufficiently demonstated by the data of Gruber, who even summarized the trenchant differences in body size and molar occlusal patterns that clearly distinguish the two. Furthermore, Feng et al. (1986) recorded irene from E Tibet and sikimensis from just west of that locality, without evidence of overlap in the diagnostic features of each species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFADFF0503D1FDB1FE71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Kara Kul Lake basin, near Aksu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFADFF0503D1FDB1FE71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tien Shan and Pamir Mtns in Kirghizia and Tadzhikistan west to about Samarkand, south to NE Afghanistan and N Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), and east to NW Xizang (Tibet) (see Feng et al., 1986; Niethammer, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE3FFADFF0503D1FDB1FE71.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neodon, a member of its own species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). The status of the distinctive Carruthers is unresolved: treated as a separate species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ognev, 1964); then synonymized with juldaschi (Corbet, 1978 c); and listed as a synonym of the latter but with question (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Chromosomal analyses by Gileva et al. (1982) revealed two distinctive groups, which they considered to be two species but with probable different boundaries than usually described for juldaschi and Carruthers.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF010A9DF9E1FD99.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Kerman Prov., Zahrud-e Bala, 70 km S Kerman, 2700 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF010A9DF9E1FD99.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from two isolated mountain populations in SE Iran: Kuh-e Laleh-Zar and Kuh-e Hazar S of Kerman (see Roguin, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF010A9DF9E1FD99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF000987FB06FC04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Tuyouk, Khirgiski Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF000987FB06FC04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from S Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Tadzhikistan, and SE Turkmenistan; may also occur in N Afghanistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF000987FB06FC04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Originally described as a subspecies of M. arvalis but later elevated to a separate species (Meier, 1983; Meier et al., 1981), as observed by Corbet (1984) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Chromosomal data presented by Orlov et al. (1983) in context of phylogenetic study among members of the M. arvalis group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020F08FBA1F9A5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Ladakh, near Lake Chomoriri (= Tsomoriri).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020F08FBA1F9A5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Chinese provinces of S Qinghai (Zheng and Wang, 1980) and Xizang (Feng et al., 1986) on the Tibetan Plateau, and high altitudes in the Himalayas west to Kashmir (see Niethammer, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020F08FBA1F9A5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Classified by Zagorodnyuk (1990) under the subgenus Phaiomys of the genus Neodon; others have recognized Phaiomys as a genus (Repenning et al., 1990). Whatever its ranking, leucurus may date from the early evolution of the genus, as suggested by its association with the late Pliocene Allophaiomys, a taxon regarded by most as ancestral to Microtus (see Martin, 1989 b; Repenning et al., 1990). As classified in the genus Microtus, this species can still be called leucurus; the older leucurus Gerbe, 1852, is a synonym of nivalis, a species which has been reallocated from Microtus to Chionomys (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020D68F9D7F862.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Qinghai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020D68F9D7F862.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Qinghai Prov. to W Mongolia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF020D68F9D7F862.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiinus, oeconomus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Formerly included in M. oeconomus but separated as a species parapatric with M. oeconomus in W Mongolia (Malygin et al., 1990, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF030CADFCA3F56A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, South Dakota, Custer Co., Black Hills, Custer, 5500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF030CADFCA3F56A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills, from E Alaska and N Yukon, south through British Columbia and SW Alberta, Canada, to E California and W Colorado; including Pacific coastal taiga to N California; disjunct southern pockets in S California, Arizona, and New Mexico, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFADFF030CADFCA3F56A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes viewed as a Nearctic member of Chionomys (Anderson, 1959), or allocated to subgenus Microtus (Chaline, 1974; Hall, 1981), or to subgenus Aulacomys (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Although strongly differentiated relative to other North American Microtus (e. g., Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990), the phyletic affinity of M. longicaudus lies with this complex and not Old World Chionomys (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). The extensive karyotypic variation reported (Judd and Cross, 1980) suggests the need for taxonomic revision. Jones et al. (1986) viewed coronarius as an insular derivative and subspecies of M. longicaudus. See Smolen and Keller (1987, Mammalian Species, 271).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFACFF0301B4FA9AFD57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Portugal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFACFF0301B4FA9AFD57.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Portugal, NW Spain, and SW France (see Niethammer, 1982 /).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE0FFACFF0301B4FA9AFD57.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Spitz (1978) provided craniometric analyses in context of contrasting M. lusitanicus with M. duodecimcostatus and M. gerbei. Reviewed by Niethammer (1982;) and Corbet (1984); chromosomal data reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Both Graf (1982) and Chaline and Graf (1988) apparently used mariae for this species, which reflects Winking's (1976) usage in separating the latter from M. duodecimcostatus; however, the proper name is lusitanicus (Niethammer (1982;).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF809BBF91AFB5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Trabzon Prov., Sumela (= Meryemana), 30 mi S Trebizond (= Trabzon).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF809BBF91AFB5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mt Olympus in Greece (Niethammer, 1987 b), S Yugoslavia, N and W Turkey, and W and N Caucasus (see Storch, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF809BBF91AFB5C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola. Included in the subterraneus species group by Chaline et al. (1988); considered the sole member of its own species group by Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Kratochvll and Krâl (1974), Storch (1982) and Corbet (1978 c, 1984). The European Turkish population was discussed by Kivanc (1986). Zima and Krâl (1984 a) and Achverdjan et al. (1992) summarized comparative chromosomal data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF90FCEFB26F994.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Chita Oblast, upper Amur region, mouth of Omutnaya River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF90FCEFB26F994.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From E shore of Lake Baikal to upper Amur region, E Mongolia, and NE China (Heilongjiang).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEF90FCEFB26F994.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, maximowiczii species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Corbet (1978 c), Orlov and Kovalskaya (1978), and Meier (1983). Additional intraspecific analyses of chromosomal polymorphism provided by Kovalskaya (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0D86FC10F6E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Puebla, Volcan de Orizaba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0D86FC10F6E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highly dissected in mountains from extreme S Utah and SW Colorado, USA, south in Sierra Madrés through interior Mexico to C Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0D86FC10F6E9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as M. m. hualpaiensis; IUCN - Indeterminate as M. m. navaho.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0D86FC10F6E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Interspecific affinities unclear: affiliated with Microtus sensu stricto, in particular M. californicus, by Anderson (1959, 1960); associated with members of subgenus Pitymys by Hooper and Hart (1962); genic similarity to M. montanus and M. pennsylvanicus disclosed by Moore and Janecek (1990); also see Hoffmann and Koeppl, 1985); chromosomal banding data uninformative (Modi, 1987). Morphometric, electrophoretic, and karyotypic variation among isolated populations in southwestern USA studied by Wilhelm (1982). Musser (1964) reduced fulviventer to a subspecies of M. mexicanus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0232FB21F58D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Taimyr Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0232FB21F58D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Siberia, from the Polar Ural Mtns to the N Lena River region, south in Urals to 62 ° N, and in the Lena Valley near Yakutsk.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE1FFACFEFA0232FB21F58D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, middendorffi species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Meier (1983) considered M. middendorffi to be phylogenetically distant from other northern and central Asian species of Microtus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010A31FDF1FCA6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Cook Inlet, Turnagain Arm, head of Bear Creek in mtns near Hope City.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010A31FDF1FCA6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Wet tundra and streambanks of N Alaska, N Yukon, and westernmost Northwest Territories; allopatric segment in SE Alaska and SW Yukon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010A31FDF1FCA6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Classically treated as a member of the subgenus Stenocranius, related to Old World M. gregalis and synonymized with same by Rausch (1964) and Rausch and Rausch (1968). Other data clearly support their specific distinctiveness (see Anderson, 1960; Fedyk, 1970; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986). Zagorodnyuk (1990) further emphasized the distant kinship of M. gregalis and M. miurus by placing them in different subgenera, allying miurus with certain Old World species of the subgenus Alexandromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF00086BFB05FAFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Transbaikalia (Chitinskaya Oblast), Omutnaya River, a tributary to the Amur River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF00086BFB05FAFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and NE China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF00086BFB05FAFF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, middendorffi species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Taxonomy reviewed by Allen (1940), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Corbet (1978 c, 1984), and Meier (1983). Karyotypic analyses recorded by Orlov et al. (1983), Yatsenko et al. (1980), and Radjabli et al. (1984) in context of phylogenetic comparisons among Asian species of Microtus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010E23FCDFF832.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Siskiyou Co., headwaters of Sacramento River, near Mount Shasta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010E23FCDFF832.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cascade, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountain ranges: SC British Columbia, Canada, south to EC California, S Utah, and NC New Mexico, USA; disjunct populations in S Nevada, EC Arizona, and NE New Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF010E23FCDFF832.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, montanus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Geographic variation and subspecific classification assessed by Anderson (1959), who viewed M. oeconomus as its sister species. Hooper and Hart (1962) arranged M. montanus with M. pennsylvanicus and M. townsendii, a general relationship corroborated by karyotypic and genic analyses (Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Two karyotypic morphs reported by Judd et al. (1980), who raised the question of their specific distinction.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF020CDCFADEF6A2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Honshu Island, Fusiyama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF020CDCFADEF6A2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Japanese islands of Honshu, Sado, and Kyushu; and Sikotan Island in the Kuriles (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF020CDCFADEF6A2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiinus, oeconomus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Chromosomal data summarized by Tsuchiya (1981). Variation in molar patterns from Holocene and Pleistocene samples exhaustively summarized by Kawamura (1988) in context of defining Pleistocene species endemic to Japan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF01026FFA8EF593.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Buryat, Bauntovski Oblast, Vitim River Basin, Muya Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF01026FFA8EF593.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA3FF01026FFA8EF593.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, maximowiczii species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). The species group also embraces M. evoronensis, which reflects Meier's (1983) interpretation of propinquity among the three species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA2FF02017EF89AFD23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland, Ticino Canton, near Lugano.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA2FF02017EF89AFD23.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Alps and N Apennines in Switzerland, Austria, Italy, and France; also NW and C Yugoslavia (see map in Krapp, 1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEEFFA2FF02017EF89AFD23.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola. Placed in subterraneus species group by Chaline et al. (1988) but in the multiplex group, along with M. tatricus, by Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Krapp (1982 b). Corbet (1978 c, and references therein) viewed liechtensteini as a separate species, but Krapp (1982 b) included it in M. multiplex. Two distinctive karyotypes exist, one with 2 N = 48 (multiplex) and the other with 2 N = 46 (liechtensteini), but there is a record of hybridization (Zima and Krâl, 1984 a). Tarsal glands compared (as liechtensteini) with those of M. subterraneus by Hrabe (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEFB09E0FD25FBF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Daghestan, Gunib, Karda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEFB09E0FD25FBF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Caucasus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEFB09E0FD25FBF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Included in majori by Corbet (1978 c) but retained as a species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF40F18FC15FA99.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Ixtlan Dist., near Vista Hermosa, Tarabundi Ranch, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF40F18FC15FA99.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de Juarez, NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF40F18FC15FA99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationships obscure: differentially diagnosed with respect to M. mexicanus and M. umbrosus by Goodwin (1966); description amplified and resemblance to M. guatemalensis noted by Jones and Genoways (1967); grouped with other relictual " pitymyine " species found at southern edge of Nearctic-Microtus distribution by Hoffmann and Koeppl (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF50E84F9DFF8B8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Altai Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF50E84F9DFF8B8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Russia from the Crimea east through Siberia to the upper Yenesei River, south through NW Mongolia, NW China (Xinjiang), the Altai Mtns, Lake Balkash, to the Caucusus and N Iran (see Zagorodnyuk, 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF50E84F9DFF8B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Formerly included in M. arvalis (e. g., Corbet, 1978 c) but shown to be a distinct species by Zagorodnyuk (1991 a, b) based on morphological and chromosomal features. The species appears to be parapatric with M. arvalis (Zagorodnyuk, 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF60C65FA4EF589.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Indiana, Posey Co., New Harmony (as fixed by Bole and Moulthrop, 1942: 157).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF60C65FA4EF589.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Northern and Central Great Plains: EC Alberta to S Manitoba, Canada, south to N Oklahoma and Arkansas, eastwards to C Tennessee and westernmost West Virginia, USA; relictual populations in C Colorado, N New Mexico, and coastal prairies of SW Louisiana and adjacent Texas, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA2FEF60C65FA4EF589.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of Pedomys, a taxon used as a subgenus of Microtus (Bailey, 1900; van der Meulen, 1978), as a full synonym of Microtus (Hall, 1981), or as a synonym of Pitymys, whether the latter is used as a genus (Repenning, 1983) or subgenus (Hooper and Hart, 1962; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). The purported close affinity of M. ochrogaster with North American species of Pitymys has received little support from biochemical studies (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Moore and Janacek, 1990). Geographic variation over the Central Great Plains studied by Choate and Williams (1978). The strong morphometric segregation of minor from other M. ochrogaster advises renewed scrutiny of its status (Severinghaus, 1977). Includes ludovicianus, an isolated form of the coastal praires formerly consided a separate species and now apparently extinct (see Lowery, 1974). See Stalling (1990, Mammalian Species, 355).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA1FEF00197FC4AFA9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Ishim Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA1FEF00197FC4AFA9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tundra and northern taiga of Holarctic: in Palearctic, from Scandinavia and the Netherlands across to borderlands of Bering Sea, including Sakhalin and Kurile islands, and south to E Germany, Ukraine, S Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and the Ussuri region; St. Lawrence Isl in Bering Sea; in Nearctic, from Alaska through Yukon Territory to W Northwest Territories and extreme NW British Columbia, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEFFFA1FEF00197FC4AFA9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiinus, oeconomus species group, including M. montebelli and M. limnophilus (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Conspecific stature of Old and New World populations averred by Zimmermann (1942) and sustained by subsequent studies (Nadler et al., 1976, 1978; Ognev, 1964; Rausch, 1953). Geographic variation and subspecies of Nearctic populations reviewed by Paradiso and Manville (1961); Russian populations by Gromov and Polyakov (1977); European populations by Tast (1982 b). Chromosomal data is summarized and evaluated by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Ecological and distributional details of the species at its southern limit in Poland are described by Salata-Pilacinska (1990). Angermann (1984) analysed intraspecific molar patterns in the context of assessing the range of variation against which patterns in extinct species could be tested. Ognev (1964), but not Corbet (1978 c), identified ratticeps Keyserling and Blasius, 1841, as the proper name applicable to this species (also see discussions in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 705; and Hall, 1981: 805). Although systematists continue to utilize oeconomus Pallas, 1776, for reasons of familiarity, this nomenclatural uncertainty needs formal resolution.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA1FF160E83FA66F80A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Oregon, Clatsop Co., Astoria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA1FF160E83FA66F80A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Moist coniferous forest seres of Pacific Northwest, from SW British Columbia, Canada, south to NW California, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA1FF160E83FA66F80A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, sole member of oregoni species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Type species of Chilotus, conventionally recognized as a subgenus of Microtus (see Anderson, 1959, 1960; Bailey, 1900), and occasionally including Old World M. socialis as a comember (Chaline, 1974; Ognev, 1964) or not (Anderson, 1959). Hooper and Hart (1962), however, found the morphological evidence insufficient to warrant subgeneric segregation of oregoni from North American species of Microtus, a viewpoint sustained by genetic distance comparisons (Moore and Janecek, 1990) and reflected in the classification of Zagorodnyuk (1990). Diploid number and sexdetermining mechanism unique among North American Microtus studied (Ohno et al., 1963). See Carraway and Verts, 1985 (Mammalian Species, 233).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA0FF170317FB4EFD6D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Pennsylvania, " meadows below Philadelphia. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA0FF170317FB4EFD6D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Meadowlands interspersed across boreal and mixed coniferous-deciduous biomes of North America: C Alaska to Labrador, including Newfoundland and Prince Edwards Island, Canada; south in Rocky Mountains to N New Mexico, in Great Plains to N Kansas, and in Appalachians to N Georgia, USA; isolated populations in W New Mexico and Florida, USA, and in N Chihuahua, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA0FF170317FB4EFD6D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as M. p. dukecampbelli; IUCN - Endangered as M. p. chihuahuensis and M. p. dukecampbelli.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFECFFA0FF170317FB4EFD6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Proposed as conspecific with Old World M. agrestis by Klimkiewicz (1970), but Gbanded chromosomal differences support their recognition as distinct species (Modi, 1987; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986). Aside from the probable insular derivative M. breweri (see above account), pennsylvanicus may be closely related to M. montanus and M. townsendii among New World species (see Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Regional studies of variation undertaken (e. g., Anderson, 1956; Anderson and Hubbard, 1971; Weddle and Choate, 1983), but comprehensive review of entire species warranted. Insular form provectus relegated to subspecific status by Chamberlain (1954) and Moyer et al. (1988) and nesophilus by Jones et al. (1986). See Reich (1981, Mammalian Species, 159).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0809B1FDF2FB20.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Georgia, Liberty Co., old LeConte plantation near Riceboro (as interpreted by Bailey, 1900: 63).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0809B1FDF2FB20.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Temperate deciduous forest zone of E USA: eastern shoreline from S Maine to N Florida, west to C Wisconsin and E Texas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0809B1FDF2FB20.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Pitymys (see remarks under genus for variable treatment of this taxon). Van der Meulen (1978) regarded nemoralis and parvulus as species distinct from pinetorum in the genus Pitymys, as did Repenning (1983) for nemoralis. Their conclusions have yet to be critically examined with a broader array of information bases, although limited chromosomal and genetic surveys promise future insight (Moore and Janecek, 1990; J. W. Wilson, 1984). See Smolen (1981, Mammalian Species, 147).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF080FECFAB4F993.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Jalapa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF080FECFAB4F993.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE San Luis Potosi to N Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF080FECFAB4F993.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pitymys. Named as a variety of M. pinetorum but specific status affirmed thereafter (Bailey, 1900; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; Repenning, 1983). Typically viewed as most closely related to pinetorum in subgenus or genus Pitymys (Anderson, 1960; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; van der Meulen, 1978), a convention challenged by Repenning (1983) and Moore and Janecek (1990), who supported sister-group kinship between ochrogaster and quasiater.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0F0D71FCA8F593.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Alberta Prov., vicinity of Jasper House (as interpreted by Bailey, 1900: 60).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0F0D71FCA8F593.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subalpine and alpine meadows of Rocky Mountains, from S British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, to W Wyoming and C Utah, USA; and of Cascade Mountains, from SW British Columbia south through WC Oregon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEDFFA0FF0F0D71FCA8F593.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Senior synonym of the type (= arvicoloides) of Aulacomys. In early classifications (Bailey, 1900; Miller, 1896), richardsoni was placed with Old World water voles of the subgenus Arvicola (including Aulacomys) of Microtus, a relationship reaffirmed by Hooper and Hart (1962) and followed by others, with Arvicola employed either at the subgeneric (Hall, 1981) or generic level (Jones et al., 1975). Other evidence favors the retention of richardsoni within Microtus and the restriction of Arvicola to Old World forms (Carleton, 1981; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926; Koenigswald, 1980; Repenning, 1980; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Hoffmann and Koeppel (1985) further suggested the de novo origin of M. richardsoni in North America from an early stock that also gave rise to M. xanthognathus, an idea consistent with the biochemical similarity of richardsoni to certain New World Microtus (Nadler et al., 1978) and with Zagorodnyuk's (1990) expanded concept of the subgenus Aulacomys (including M. chrotorrhinus, M. longicaudus, and M. xanthognathus). The phylogenetic placement of richardsoni in Arvicola versus Microtus bears critically on interpretations of historical zoogeography, but the appropriate sampling of New and Old World species needed to resolve the problem has yet to be achieved within a single study. See Ludwig (1984, Mammalian Species, 223).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110A36FA7EFBEC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Bobrov subdistrict of Voronej Govt., Novii Kurlak (after Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 698).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110A36FA7EFBEC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Finland east through Russia to Urals, south to region just north of the Caucusus and through the Ukraine to Rumania, Bulgaria, S Yugoslavia, N Greece, and NW Turkey (see Petrov and Ruzic, 1982; Zagorodnyuk, 1991 b; Zima et al, 1991); introduced to Svalbard (see Fredga et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110A36FA7EFBEC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group. This is the species (with 2 N = 54, FN = 56) that was listed as M. subarvalis or epiroticus by Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and reviewed under the latter name by Petrov and Ruzic (1982). Cytological and morphological comparisons to M. arvalis and M. obscurus underscore the specific distinctness of M. rossiaemeridionalis (Gavrila et al., 1986; Krâl et al., 1981; Kratochvil, 1982 b; Naumova et al., 1990; Zagorodnyuk, 1991 a, b; Zima et al., 1991). The geographic ranges of A 4, arvalis and A 4, rossiaemeridionalis broadly overlap (see Zagorodnyuk, 1991 b: 30). The record (as epiroticus) from Svalbard is documented by Fredga et al. (1990), who suggested that the voles were introduced.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100F3EFA32FAF4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Sakhalin Island, Poronaysk region, Olen River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100F3EFA32FAF4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: An endemic of Sakhalin Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100F3EFA32FAF4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alexandromys, middendorffi species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100E26FCC8F94C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Italy, near Pisa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100E26FCC8F94C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE France, Italy, Sicily, and Elba (see map in Krapp, 1982 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF100E26FCC8F94C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola. Both Chaline et al. (1988) and Zagorodnyuk (1990) used this species as the core of a savii species group. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and Krapp (1982 c); chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a); karyology of Italian samples documented by Gaileni et al. (1992). Closely related to the fossil A 4, henseli from Sardinia and Corsica (Brunet-Lecomte and Chaline, 1991; Krapp, 1982 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110DDEFA69F73E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Azerbaijan, Talysk Mtns, near village of Dzhi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110DDEFA69F73E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Azerbaijan, Talysk and Elburz Mtns; limits of range unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF110DDEFA69F73E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, sole member of its own species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Lumped under Pitymys subterraneus by Ellerman Morrison-Scott (1951), but its validity as a separate species has been documented by Kratochvil (1970) and Kratochvil and Kràl (1974) and is so listed in faunal catalogues (Corbet, 1978 c; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). The name kaznakovi may be valid for this species (Corbet, 1984), but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) avoided its use and cited Gromov and Polyakov (1977) for the opinion that it belongs with Alticola. Chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 a) and Achverdjan et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF1003E3FC1BF5DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF1003E3FC1BF5DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas from W Nepal east through Sikkim, Bhutan, to S and E Xizang (Tibet; Feng et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA7FF1003E3FC1BF5DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neodon, a member, along with irene, of the sikimensis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Geographic distribution is parapatric on E Tibetan Plateau with A 4, irene (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA6FF11014FF988FDB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, probably Gur'evsk Oblast between Volga and Ural rivers.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA6FF11014FF988FDB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Palearctic steppe from Dneper River and Crimea east to Lake Balkhash and NW Xinjiang in China, south through E Turkey to N Syria and NE Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEAFFA6FF11014FF988FDB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990), along with M. guentheri and M. irani. Chromosomal data summarized and reviewed by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Harrison and Bates (1991) included guentheri and irani under M. socialis because they could not discriminate the three in their samples but provided no substantiating data or analyses (see accounts of guentheri and irani).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF2095BF9A4FA85.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Belgium, Liege, Waremme.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF2095BF9A4FA85.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bulk of range from N and C France through C Europe to Ukraine and the Don River, south through Yugoslavia and the Balkans into N Greece (European range mapped in Niethammer, 1982 g); isolated populations in NE Russia (see Zagorodnyuk, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF2095BF9A4FA85.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988) and Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and Niethammer (1982 g). Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and morphological variation in context of defining species in subgenus Terricola reported by Zagorodnyuk (1989, 1992); karyotypic information presented by Sablina et al. (1989), Zima (1986), and Zima and Krâl (1984 a); biochemical comparisons among M. subterraneus, M. felteni, and other voles documented by Gill et al. (1987). Synonyms referenced according to Zagorodnyuk (1989), who speculated that dacius is a separate species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF30E89FDBBF85D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Czechoslovakia, Poprad Dist., Velka Studena Dolina valley, High Tatra Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF30E89FDBBF85D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and E Carpathian Mtns; montane spruce forest of Tatra Mtns between Czechoslovakia and Poland, Pilsko Mtn, and Beslksid Ziwiecki Mtns; also W Ukraine (see Zagorodnyuk, 1988; Zagorodnyuk et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FEF30E89FDBBF85D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988). Reviewed by Corbet (1984) and Niethammer (1982 /). Chromosomal data evaluated by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and morphological variation in context of discriminating species of the subgenus Terricola were covered by Zagorodnyuk (1989), who also named the subspecies zykovi, and Zagorodnyuk et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0C0CCEFDC9F6C8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Montenegro, Vranici.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0C0CCEFDC9F6C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S coastal Yugoslavia into Greece (including Evvoia Isl); see map in Niethammer (1982 k).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0C0CCEFDC9F6C8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988) or a member of its own species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and Niethammer (1982 k); chromosomal information summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0D0255FB80F501.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Oregon, Multnomah Co., Wappatoo (Sauvie) Island, lower Columbia River near mouth of Willamette River (as located by Bailey, 1900: 46).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0D0255FB80F501.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific northwest, from extreme SW British Columbia, Canada, to NW California, USA, including Vancouver and neighboring islands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFEBFFA6FF0D0255FB80F501.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Broadly allied with M. pennsylvanicus and M. nwntanus (Anderson, 1959; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987), though precise cladistic picture unresolved. See Comely and Verts (1988, Mammalian Species, 325).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF140A25FCDFFDB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenistan, Kopet Dag Mtns, Chuli Valley, near Ashkhabad.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF140A25FCDFFDB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Turkmenistan, N Afghanistan, and N Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF140A25FCDFFDB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Taxonomy reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Corbet (1978 c), Malygin (1978), Meier et al. (1981), and Meier (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14095BFD79FC8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Mt. Zempoaltepec, 8200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14095BFD79FC8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mt. Zempoaltepec.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14095BFD79FC8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species and sole member of Orthriomys, a taxon typically identified as a subgenus of Microtus (Anderson, 1959; Bailey, 1900; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Martin (1974: 61) suggested that this species " may eventually " be included in Neodon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14089EFB52FB11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Manitoba, Hudson Bay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14089EFB52FB11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Western boreal taiga zone: EC Alaska to W Northwest Territories, southeastwards to C Alberta and western coast of Hudson Bay, Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF14089EFB52FB11.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationships obscure: probably not a sister species to M. chrotorrhinus as once believed (see that account and Lidicker and Yang, 1986); placed by Zagorodnyuk (1990) in the subgenus Aulacomys, richardsoni species group. Karyotype reported and affinities discussed by Rausch and Rausch (1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF4F0E16FA79F8AA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Myodes schisticolor Lilljeborg, 1844.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF4F0E16FA79F8AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Lemmini. Conventionally treated as a genus until Chaline (1972) regarded the differences in molar pattern between schisticolor and Lemmus to only reflect specific-level distinctions (also see Chaline and Mein, 1979; Chaline et al., 1989). Koenigswald and Martin (1984) also cited molar-pattern similarity for their allocation of Myopus to a subgenus of Lemmus. Niethammer and Henttonen (1982) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), however, maintained the generic segregation of Myopus, as we do here. Lemmus and Myopus share certain dental resemblances, but they are readily distinguished by other features that have not been addressed in the context of assessing the interrelationship of forms comprising these genus-group taxa. In our opinion, the phenotypically restricted character set mustered from a paleontological perspective is insufficient to falsify the hypothesis that schisticolor represents a monophyletic group separate from species of Lemmus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF150C76FCAAF612.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Norway, Gulbrandsdal, N end of Mjosen, near Lillehammer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF150C76FCAAF612.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coniferous forest from Norway and Sweden through Siberia to Kolyma River and Kamchatka, south to the Altai Mtns, N Mongolia and NE China (Heilungkiang), and the Sikhote Alin Range (Corbet, 1978 c); also a southern isolate in the Ural Mtns, near source of Ural River, about 450 km south of previously recorded limit at 58 ° N (see Corbet, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA5FF150C76FCAAF612.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described in detail by Miller (1912 «) and Hinton (1926); reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Corbet (1978 c, 1984). European populations reviewed by Niethammer and Henttonen (1982). Morphological variation among Norwegian populations analyzed by Kratochvfl (1979) in context of assessing age and geographic variation. Intraspecific chromosomal variation and extraordinary sex-chromosome traits are documented by Gropp et al. (1976), Kozlovskii (1986), Lau et al. (1992), and Gileva and Fedorov (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA4FF4E0116F966FE1F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neofiber alleni True, 1884.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE8FFA4FF4E0116F966FE1F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A relictual form once more widespread in the eastern USA (see Frazier, 1977, and Hibbard and Dalquest, 1973). Although sometimes placed with Ondatra in the tribe Ondatrini (Chaline and Mein, 1979; Kretzoi, 1969; Repenning et al., 1990), a variety of morphological features conveys their very distant relationship (Carleton, 1981; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980), as does fossil evidence (Martin, 1975; Zakrzewski, 1974). Alternatively, Neofiber either has been cited as Arvicolinae incertae sedis (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Koenigswald, 1980) or affiliated with Arvicola and Microtus in a broadly-defined tribe Arvicolini (Zagorodnyuk, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00904FCBDFD09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Florida, Brevard Co., Georgiana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00904FCBDFD09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Most of peninsular Florida to extreme SE Georgia, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00904FCBDFD09.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic races delimited by Schwartz (1953); and see Birkenholz (1972, Mammalian Species, 15).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FF2A082EFCB9FB36.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Castor zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FF2A082EFCB9FB36.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Ondatrini, either as sole member (Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980) or with Neofiber (Chaline and Mein, 1979; Kretzoi, 1969; Repenning et al., 1990). Evidence from fossil history and morphology suggests that the two genera of " muskrats " are more distantly related than their inclusion in the same tribe would connote (Carleton, 1981; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980; L. D. Martin, 1975, 1979). Believed to have originated from Pliocene form Pliopotamys (Eshelman, 1975; Zakrzewski, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00FD9FDF5F889.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Canada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00FD9FDF5F889.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North America, north to the treeline, including Newfoundland; south to the Gulf of Mexico, Rio Grande and lower Colorado River valleys. Introduced to Czechoslovakia in 1905 and now widespread in the Palearctic, including C and N Europe, most of Ukraine, Russia, and Siberia, adjacent parts of China and Mongolia, and Honshu Isl, Japan (see Corbet, 1978 c); also into southernmost Argentina (see Olrog and Lucero, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FEF00FD9FDF5F889.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised, under the name Fiber, by Hollister (1911). Comprehensive summaries of ecology, population biology, and economic status provided by Pietsch (1982) and Perry (1982); history of introductions, mostly for fur-farms, and population spread in Eurasia and USA reviewed by Storer (1937). See Willner et al. (1980, Mammalian Species, 141).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FF240CAFF9A1F598.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Evotomys smithii Thomas, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FFA4FF240CAFF9A1F598.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subgenus of Evotomys (= Clethrionomys) and included in Eothenomys by most workers (Aimi, 1980; Corbet, 1978 c). Kawamura (1988), however, reinstated Phaulomys as a genus containing the two species listed below. Although the extant species have rootless molars, they can be derived through a transitional series of late Pleistocene samples from the middle Pleistocene Clethrionomys japonicus, which has molars with definite roots. Study of the variation in molar and external traits among species of Eothenomys and Anteliomys also led Tanaka (1971) to recognize Phaulomys as a genus distinct from Eothenomys. Chromosomal analyses of smithii suggest that Clethrionomys and Phaulomys have been derived from a common ancestor (Ando et al., 1988). The removal of Japanese Phaulomys from Eothenomys, whose species-diversity centers in the mountains of China, and its proposed association with Clethrionomys is zoogeographically plausible and outlines a precise hypothesis that can be tested by analyses of other data sets. Aimi (1980) retraced the complex taxonomic history of species allocated to either Evotomys, Clethrionomys, Anteliomys, Phaulomys, or Eothenomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FF9BFEF20185FAA6FE6C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Honshu, Iwate Prefecture, Tsunagi, near Morioka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FF9BFEF20185FAA6FE6C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Honshu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFE9FF9BFEF20185FAA6FE6C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Aimi (1980) as a species of Eothenomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF110ABFFA0FFD29.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Honshu, Hyogo Prefecture, Kobe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF110ABFFA0FFD29.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from the Japanese islands of Dogo, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF110ABFFA0FFD29.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Aimi (1980) as a species of Eothenomys; evidence for including kageus was presented by Kaneko (1985) and Ando et al. (1988). Intraspecific chromosomal variation was documented by Ando et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120F47FC12F8A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, British Columbia Prov., 20 mi NNW Kamloops.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120F47FC12F8A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW British Columbia and adjacent Alberta, Canada, south to N New Mexico, C Utah, and N California, USA; disjunct populations in EC California and W Nevada, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120F47FC12F8A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Howell (1926 b) originally recognized three species (intermedius, mackenzii, and ungava) of heather voles, later reduced to two (intermedius and ungava including mackenzii) by Anderson (1942 a, 1947). Crowe (1943) further lumped all under intermedius based on suspected intergrades from SW Alberta, and the recognition of a single species has been generally followed (e. g., Banfield, 1974; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Hall and Cockrum, 1953) but not exclusively (Cowan and Guiguet, 1965; Peterson, 1966 a). Foster and Peterson (1961) questioned Crowe's appreciation of ageeffects in his identification of the alledged intergrades between intermedius and ungava. As remarked by Cowan and Guiguet (1965), the matter of their synonymy " requires more detailed examination before a decision can be reached, " an appraisal which stands equally valid today. See McAllister and Hoffmann (1988, Mammalian Species, 305, including ungava).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF4B080EFD08FBD5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Phenacomys intermedius Merriam, 1889.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF4B080EFD08FBD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) as Arvicolinae incertae sedis; by Zagorodnyuk (1990) as tribe Phenacomyini, including Arborimus; by Repenning et al. (1990) as Arvicolini, including Arvicola and certain extinct genera. Revised by Howell (1926 b) and Hall and Cockrum (1953), then including species assigned to Arborimus (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120C75FC73F766.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Quebec Prov., Fort Chimo, near Ungava Bay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120C75FC73F766.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Yukon across much of Canada to E Labrador; as far south as S Alberta, along the northern Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF120C75FC73F766.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See remarks under P. intermedius and McAllister and Hoffmann (1988) on proper usage of ungava for this form.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF1102AEFB4EF553.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Gansu (Kansu), 60 mi SE Minchow.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF1102AEFB4EF553.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Gansu and Sichuan, China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF1102AEFB4EF553.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This is the only extant species in the genus. The Sichuan record is reported by Wang et al (1966). Pleistocene fragments from Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong have been referred to P. cf. bedfordi (Zheng and Li, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF4403C5FBBDF663.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Proedromys bedfordi Thomas, 1911.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD6FF9BFF4403C5FBBDF663.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Arvicolini. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c) included this taxon in Microtus, but it is kept separate by Allen (1940), Wang et al. (1966), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF130A1FF9BFFDCE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Prometheomys schaposchnikowi Satunin, 1901.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF130A1FF9BFFDCE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The only extant member of an archaic line of the arvicoline radiation, which most specialists isolate as the tribe Prometheomyini within Arvicolinae (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1969; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Repenning et al. (1990), however, aligned Prometheomys with another presumed relic, Ellobius, in the subfamily Prometheomyinae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0952FC81FC80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia (Gruzinskaya), Caucasus Mtns, Gudaur, S of Krestovyi Pass, 6500 ft (as given by Ognev, 19636).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0952FC81FC80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alpine zone of Caucasus Mtns, Georgia, and extreme NE Turkey.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0952FC81FC80.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Corbet (1978 c); cranial and dental morphology detailed by Hinton (1926); chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Krâl (1984 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF1308A5FD11F9E1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1858.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF1308A5FD11F9E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Many taxonomic characters link Synaptomys with the true lemmings (Lemmus and Myopus) in a clade, usually treated as the tribe Lemmini, believed to represent an early line of arvicoline evolution (Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980). Fossil history reviewed by Koenigswald and Martin (1984). Although described as a genus, Miller (1896) arranged Mictomys as a subgenus of Synaptomys, as conventionally recognized (Hall, 1981; Howell, 1927). Paleontologists, however, have emphasized the dental divergence of Synaptomys and Mictomys at the generic level (Koenigswald and Martin, 1984; Repenning and Grady, 1988), although both are presumed to have separated from a common ancestor (Plioctomys) in the late Pliocene. Current specific and subspecific classification essentially derives from Howell (1927).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0D2DFA7CF852.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, District of Mackenzie, Great Bear Lake, Fort Franklin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0D2DFA7CF852.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alaska to N Washington, USA, eastwards across much of interior Canada to Labrador; disjunct range segment from Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, to C New Hampshire, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0D2DFA7CF852.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mictomys. Pleistocene records establish the species in the Great Basin, far to the south of its current range (see Mead et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0CBDFBE8F6DC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, New Hampshire, Carroll Co., Jackson (as fixed by Bole and Moulthrop, 1942: 146).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0CBDFBE8F6DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Midwestern and E USA through SE Canada, including Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island; as far south as W North Carolina and NE Arkansas; outlying populations in SW Kansas and W Nebraska.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFEFA0CBDFBE8F6DC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Synaptomys. Geographic diversification evaluated by Wetzel (1955). See Linzey (1983, Mammalian Species, 210).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF13025DF89FF5A1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Microtus musseri Lawrence, 1982.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF9AFF13025DF89FF5A1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Arvicolini. A small group of alpine or subalpine species isolated on high mountains in SW China, N Burma and on Taiwan. All have traditionally been placed in Microtus, although their phylogenetic relationships with other species in that genus were regarded as obscure or equivocal (see the discussion in Zagorodnyuk, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF99FEF9016DFE42FE35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, divide between the Kuikiang and Salween rivers, 11,000 ft; 28 N.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF99FEF9016DFE42FE35.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from mountains of NW Yunnan and N Burma, 3400 - 4000 m (Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978 c); range limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD7FF99FEF9016DFE42FE35.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as the only member of the V. clarkei species group by Zagorodnyuk (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF450E49FCA2F8EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although earlier authors associated it with New World sigmodontines, Vorontsov and Potapova (1979) recognized Calomyscus's combination of distinctive features by setting it apart as a tribe in the subfamily Cricetinae of the family Cricetidae. Pavlinov (1980 c) kept it with sigmodontines, and Agusti (1989: 387) summarily regarded it as the only living member of the Myocricetodontinae. Carleton and Musser (1984: 313) discussed the different taxonomic assignments of Calomyscus, its characteristics that did not fit with Old World hamsters (Cricetinae), and the dental similarities between Calomyscus and Miocene Democricetodon, and remarked that " Calomyscus could be justifiably classified among the cricetodontines, a group hitherto supposed extinct. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF2C0205F9E4F584.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Khuzistan, 120 km SE Ahwaz, Mala-i-Mir (= Jzeh).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF2C0205F9E4F584.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF2C0205F9E4F584.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: True bailwardi has been recorded only from Iran; its range as usually described in the literature (Corbet, 1978 c) represents other species of Calomyscus (Vorontsov et al., 1979). Our distributional sketch is documented by specimens from C Iran (in the Field Museum of Natural History) and records from SW Iran (Vorontsov et al., 1979). Schütter and Setzer (1973) described grandis as a subspecies of C. bailwardi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF470C4CF9ADF71F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Calomyscus bailwardi Thomas, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF470C4CF9ADF71F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Calomyscus has been considered monotypic (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Peshev, 1991). However, Vorontsov et al. (1979), in a comprehensive revision of the genus, treated most of the subspecies of C. bailwardi as distinct species, an arrangement that should be tested with additional data. The population from Syria was discovered only recently (see Peshev, 1991), indicating that the geographic ranges of living species have yet to be defined. The modern range of the genus is a remnant of a broader distribution that in the Tertiary extended as far west as Spain (see Agusti, 1989, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF100ADBF965FCF3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan, Mt. Morrison, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF100ADBF965FCF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to highlands of Taiwan; see Lin et al. (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF100ADBF965FCF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Volemys. Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed this as the only member of the kikuchii species group in Volemys. Morphometric analyses of crania and dentitions are provided by Kaneko (1987); conventional karyotype reported by Harada et al. (1991); information about the holotype and type locality was summarized by Jones (1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF11081EFE42FBE2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Weichoe, Si-ho River Valley, 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF11081EFE42FBE2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from mountains of E Xizang (Tibet; see Feng et al., 1986) and Sichuan, China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF11081EFE42FBE2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to V. musseri according to Lawrence (1982) and Zagorodnyuk (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF110F2FFBD6FAD3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Qionglai Shan, 30 mi W Wenquan, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF110F2FFBD6FAD3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from the Qionglai Shan in W Sichuan, China, 7000 - 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF99FF110F2FFBD6FAD3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Zagorodnyuk (1990) placed this species with V. millicens in the same species group. This cluster may be part of an old fauna that is peculiar to the western highlands of Sichuan (see Lawrence, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF98FF2C0189F8D5FE18.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Baluchistan, Kelat Dist.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF98FF2C0189F8D5FE18.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Pakistan (from NW Frontier and Swat region in the northwest south to Baluchistan) and NC and E Afghanistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD4FF98FF2C0189F8D5FE18.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Vorontsov et al. (1979) for status of mustersi. Most of our knowledge about the distribution is documented by specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FF26011AFBA7F59F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cricetus eversmanni Brandt, 1859.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10904FE76FD04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Baluchistan, Gwambuk Kaul, 50 km SW Panjgur (26 ° 30 ' N, 63 ° 50 ' E).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10904FE76FD04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10904FE76FD04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In body size, the smallest of all the species of Calomyscus (Vorontsov et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10814FAF4FB28.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenistan, Great Balkhan Mtns, Bashi-Mugur.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10814FAF4FB28.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Great and Little Balkhan and Kopet Dag Mtns and Badkhiz desert, S Turkmenia, NC (Mazanderan Prov.) and NE (Khorassan Prov.) Iran, and NW Afghanistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF10814FAF4FB28.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Vorontsov et al. (1979) for status of elburzensis. See comments under C. urartensis. The Afghanistan distribution is based upon specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History; we relied on other series from that Institution and records in Vorontsov et al. (1979) for the Iranian segment.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20FF2F99FFA18.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Syria, Thafas, 18 km NW Derra (= Der'a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20FF2F99FFA18.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Syria; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20FF2F99FFA18.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described by Peshev (1991) as a subspecies of C. bailwardi, but its small size and short tail clearly distinguish it from any other described form now recognized as a species; such an option was even suggested by Peshev (1991: 112).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20D05F9C6F909.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Azerbaidzhan, Nakhichevansk., Alindzhachai River, 7 km N Dzhul'ta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20D05F9C6F909.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme S Transcaucasus (Azerbaidzhan), far NW Iran (Azarbaijan Prov.; series in the Field Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FEF20D05F9C6F909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: C. urartensis is chromosomally and morphologically closely similar to C. mystax (Vorontsov et al., 1979, and our study of material in the Field Museum).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF98FF2B0C2CFB5BF603.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984), who (1978 c: 88) noted that " generic divisions within the group are rather unstable and a fresh, comprehensive classification is required, " a conclusion we echo after studying specimens and literature. One of these divisions is Cricetulus, and Corbet (1978 c: 90) acknowledged that some species he listed there are frequently placed in Allocricetulus and Tscherskia, but " pending a review of generic classification in the subfamily as a whole, " he preferred to include those genera in Cricetulus. We prefer the opposite: to recognize the separate genera until the subfamily is systematically revised. In cranial morphology, Allocricetulus closely resembles Cricetus, not Cricetulus, and the latter is more like Phodopus than either Tscherskia or Allocricetulus. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) also treated Cricetulus, Allocricetulus, and Tscherskia as genera. Some of the Chinese hamsters were reviewed by Wang and Zheng (1973). Keys to the European species were provided by Niethammer (1982 a). Chromosomal information for European species was recorded by Zima and Krâl (1984 a). Carleton and Musser (1984) diagnosised the subfamily and reviewed general characters, major fossil groups, and other topics.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF9FFF0C0182FD1BFDD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Iren Dabasu (= Ehrlien).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF9FFF0C0182FD1BFDD2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China; " Steppes of Mongolia north of the Altai and eastwards to Inner Mongolia " (Corbet, 1978 c: 92); also recorded from N Xinjiang Prov. in NW China (Ma et al., 1987), Ningxia (Qin, 1991), and Anhui (Liu et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD5FF9FFF0C0182FD1BFDD2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ma et al. (1987) treated curtatus as a subspecies of A. eversmanni, but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Corbet and Hill (1991) continued to recognize it as a separate species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF14093FFDB5FCA9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Orenburg Oblast, near Orenburg.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF14093FFDB5FCA9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Kazakhstan steppes from Volga River to the upper Irtysh at Zaysan (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF14093FFDB5FCA9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) for allocating pseudocurtatus to A. eversmanni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF4E088EF986FB59.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cansumys canus Allen, 1928.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF4E088EF986FB59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a synonym of Cricetulus by Ellerman (1941), Ellerman and MorrisonScott (1951), and Corbet (1978 c) and of Tscherskia by Carleton and Musser (1984) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), but Cansumys does not belong with either of these. Its combination of pelage pattern, large body size, long tail, and high-crowned selenodont-like molars make it unique among cricetines (Ross, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF140FC5F931F9FD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, S Gansu (Kansu) Prov, Choni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF140FC5F931F9FD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known from vicinity of the type locality and Shaanxi Prov., China (Wang, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF140FC5F931F9FD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by the holotype and young animal described by Allen (1940) a specimen in the Field Museum of Natural History (36067), and Wang's (1990) record. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978 c) included canus as a form of Cricetulus triton, but Corbet and Hill (1991) listed it as a species of Cansumys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF150DFEF948F800.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Ladak, Shushul, 13,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF150DFEF948F800.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from W Nepal (Lim and Ross, 1992), N India in Kashmir and Ladak, and western part of Tibetan Plateau in China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF150DFEF948F800.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Feng et al. (1986) considered alticola to be a subspecies of C. kamensis, occuring in W Xizang Prov, but Corbet and Hill (1991) recognized it as a separate species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF15030DFA54F5D4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, W Siberia, banks of River Ob.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF15030DFA54F5D4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes of S Siberia from River Irtysh to Ussuri region, and south to Mongolia, N China (Xinjiang through Nei Mongol), and Korea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF15030DFA54F5D4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) listed pseudogriseus as a species, and Corbet and Hill (1991) treated it and griseus as species. However, these were originally diagnosed by chromosomal traits, and in a study that included C. barabensis, Krâl et al. (1984) found it difficult to karyotypically characterize the three species because of the extensive homology among chromosome arms. Our treatment reflects that of Corbet (1978 c), who discussed the problem and included pseudogriseus and griseus in C. barabensis. See Malygin et al. (1992) for an opposite treatment.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF4F0D3AFC7DF913.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards, 1867 (= Mus barabensis Pallas, 1773).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9FFF4F0D3AFC7DF913.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under subfamily.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9EFF160146FB84FEBB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, NE Tibet (Xizang Prov), Mekong Dist, River Moktschjun.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9EFF160146FB84FEBB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China, Tibetan Plateau.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD2FF9EFF160146FB84FEBB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See discussion under C. alticola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEFE0A67FC56FD70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, N Shanxi (Shansi), near Saratsi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEFE0A67FC56FD70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altai and Tuva regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, NW China (Xinjiang), Mongolia, and adjacent regions of China south to N Tibet (Feng et al., 1986; Qin, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF8099DFBE7FB7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Kazakhstan, lower Ural River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF8099DFBE7FB7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S European Russia and SE Europe (Greece, Rumania, Bulgaria) through Kazakhstan to S Mongolia and N China (Xinjiang, Ningxia; Qin, 1991), north nearly to Moscow, south to Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Turkey.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF8099DFBE7FB7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy, morphology, distribution, fossils, and biology summarized for European segment by Niethammer (1982 d).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF90FA1FAA4FA34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Mongolia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF90FA1FAA4FA34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and S Mongolia, C Nei Mongol of N China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF90FA1FAA4FA34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species defined by diagnostic chromosomal and pelage traits (Orlov and Malygin, 1988). Samples from the Mongolian segment of the range had been identified as C. obscurus (Krâl et al., 1984, and references therein; Orlov and Malygin, 1988); real obscurus is a form of C. barabensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEFA0D8EFBD9F757.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEFA0D8EFBD9F757.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Belgium across C Europe, W Siberia and N Kazakhstan to the upper Yenesei and Altai region and NW China (Xinjiang).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEFA0D8EFBD9F757.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy, morphology, distribution, karyotype, and biology of European populations reviewed by Niethammer (1982 b), who also noted that closest relatives are extinct species described from Pleistocene samples. More recent analyses of morphological variability among European samples were reported by Grulich (1987, 1991, and references therein). Significance of geographic range in Netherlands was discussed by Lenders and Pelzers (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFF2C0EF2FCBBF983.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF4010DFBBAF52A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Syria, Aleppo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF4010DFBBAF52A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFEF4010DFBBAF52A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lyman and O'Brien (1977) discussed the geographic range of auratus and the evidence for separating it from brandii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFF2E03D4F9BEF601.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cricetus nigricans Brandt, 1832 (= Cricetus raddei Nehring, 1894).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD3FF9EFF2E03D4F9BEF601.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) recognized only one extant species in the genus, but current checklists recognize at least three (Corbet, 1978 c; Corbet and Hill, 1991). Pieper (1984) described M. rathgeberi based on Holocene fossils from the Greek island of Armathia (off coast of Kasos Isl between Kriti and Rodhos).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100A20FD0CFCEF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, near Tbilisi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100A20FD0CFCEF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Anatolian Turkey, south into Israel, Lebanon, Syria, N Iraq, NW Iran, N Transcaucasia, and Kurdistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100A20FD0CFCEF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Corbet (1978 c) included brandii in M. auratus but acknowledged that it might be a separate species, as it is treated by Niethammer (1982 a, c) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). However, M. brandii was earlier revised by Lyman and O'Brien (1977), who presented morphological, chromosomal, and breeding evidence supporting its specific status, and also provided distributional, ecological, and husbandry information. Additional chromosomal data were documented by Fang and Jagiello (In Press).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100832F9B1FBDF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bulgaria, Kolarovgrad (= Schumla or Shumen).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100832F9B1FBDF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Rumania and Bulgaria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100832F9B1FBDF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinct species (Corbet, 1978 c; Corbet and Hill, 1991). Niethammer (1982 c) summarized taxonomy, morphology, chromosomal data, distribution, paleontology, biology, and provided comparisons with other species of Mesocricetus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100F42FA59FACF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, N Caucasus, Daghestan, Samur River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100F42FA59FACF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Russia, steppes along N slopes of Caucasus to Don River and Sea of Azov (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100F42FA59FACF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recognized as a species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100D57FC17F86F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: NE Mongolia, Shaborte (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, for additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100D57FC17F86F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transbaikalia in Russia; Mongolia, and adjacent China from Heilungkiang through Nei Mongol to Xinjiang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100D57FC17F86F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in P. sungorus by Corbet (1978 c), but regarded as separate species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF4A0E6FFE45F9CB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cricetulus bedfordiae Thomas, 1908 (= Cricetulus roborovskii Satunin, 1903).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF4A0E6FFE45F9CB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data reported by Spyropoulos et al. (1982) and Schmid et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100CB0FD07F724.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Nan Shan Mtns, upper part of Shargol Dzhin River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100CB0FD07F724.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tuva (Russia) and E Kazakhstan, W and S Mongolia, adjacent parts of China from Heilongjiang west to N Xinjiang (Ma et al., 1987; Qin, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF100CB0FD07F724.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The status of przewalskii was discussed by Corbet (1978 c) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF1703F7FC60F699.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Kazakhstan, 100 km west of Semipalatinsk, near Grachevsk.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF1703F7FC60F699.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Kazakhstan and SW Siberia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF48029FF9A1F595.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tscherskia albipes Ognev, 1914 (= Cricetulus triton de Winton, 1899).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9DFF48029FF9A1F595.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under subfamily. The genus is considered to be monotypic, but Storch (1974) described T. rusa from Holocene subfossils found in Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9CFF160178FC99FD87.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, N Shantung.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9CFF160178FC99FD87.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE China from Shaanxi to SE Manchuria (Heilongjiang) and south to Anhui (Liu et al., 1985), Korea, and north to upper Ussuri in Russia (Corbet, 1978 c; Qin, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD0FF9CFF160178FC99FD87.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Whether one or more species is represented by the named forms remains to be resolved by systematic revision. Song (1985) proposed ningshaanensis for a sample of T. triton from Shaanxi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0EF9FB21F988.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Coast Prov., Taveta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0EF9FB21F988.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Kenya and neighboring NE Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0D95FB1DF8FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malawi, Southern Region, Mulanje.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0D95FB1DF8FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malawi, NE Zambia, and S Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFF2C0FC0F97DFA14.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Beamys hindei Thomas, 1909.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFF2C0FC0F97DFA14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Two species have been generally recognized as originally described (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman et al., 1953; Hanney, 1965; Misonne, 1974), until Ansell and Ansell (1973) suggested their synonymy, a classification adopted by others (e. g., Ansell, 1978; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982). Two species appear evident among USNM series, but the matter deserves the attention of a serious revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFF1309A2FA0CFB6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although initially classified within Murinae (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Simpson, 1945; Thomas, 1897 a), systematists acknowledged a closer affinity of African pouched rats to one another than to other murines, a distinction later formalized by Roberts (1951). Subsequent systematic arrangements have followed Petter (1966 a) in allying cricetomyines with cricetids (Reig, 1980; Rosevear, 1969). Anatomy of internal cheek pouches supports the monophyly of the subfamily (see Ryan, 1989 b); other morphological traits and phylogenetic interpretations summarized by Carleton and Musser (1984). Roberts (1951) segregated Saccostomus, as the lone member of Saccostomurinae, from other African pouched rats (Cricetomyinae), a division not recognized by later systematists (Petter, 1966 a; Ryan, 1989 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0399F932F666.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Monbuttu, Gadda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFEFA0399F932F666.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowland rain forest: in West Africa, from Sierra Leone to S Nigeria; in Central Africa, from Cameroon and Gabon, through Congo and N Zaire, to S Uganda; including Bioko (= Fernando Poo).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFF2D0C3DFA71F774.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF9CFF2D0C3DFA71F774.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Six nominal species were recognized (e. g., Allen, 1939) before Ellerman (1941) reduced all to subspecies of C. gambianus. Genest-Villard's (1967) revision provided evidence of two kinds, a predominantly savannah-dwelling species (C. gambianus) and a lowland forest form (C. emini). Her character states for discriminating the two species are generally workable in West Africa but break down in parts of eastern Africa, which suggests the need for additional alpha-level study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF93FEFA02A8FCEAFE5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gambia, River Gambia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD1FF93FEFA02A8FCEAFE5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Savannah and forest edges from Senegal and Sierra Leone east to S Sudan and N Uganda; southwards, exclusive of Congo forest block, to S Angola, S Zambia, and E Natal, South Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF4E0D43FA33F690.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Carleton and Musser (1984) provided diagnosis of the subfamily, general characters, habits, habitats, and other information; summarized historical judgments about relationships of the group, which by 1984 had disassociated dendromurines from murines and either aligned them to " cricetids " or treated them as a separate family (Chaline et al., 1977); and cautioned that more research was required to determine if the dendromurines as currently defined are a natural group or instead a polyphyletic assemblage of specialized relicts evolved from a primitive African muroid stock. The association of dendromurines as a subfamily of Cricetidae was retained by Lindsay (1988). Extant members of Dendromurinae are found only in Subsaharan Africa (Dieterlen, 1971), and the group is represented in parts of that region by Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocene fossils (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Conroy et al., 1992; Lavocat, 1978; Senut et al., 1992), and in North Africa by Miocene samples (Lindsay, 1988). But at one time the geographic range of dendromurines extended beyond Africa: examples of Dendromus are recorded from the late Miocene deposits of S Spain, and extinct genera mark the first appearance of dendromurines in the middle Miocene of Pakistan and Thailand (Lindsay, 1988, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF92FF4E0296F8D3FDD5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dendromus typus Smith, 1829 (= Mus mesomelas Brants, 1827).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF92FF4E0296F8D3FDD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In his checklist of African mammals, Allen (1939) listed 28 species of Dendromus, which was reduced to four by Bohmann's (1942) revision. Dieterlen (1971) focused on reporting morphological, ecological, and other traits of the central African forms and recognized five species from that region. We recognize eleven. Definitions of D. kahuziensis, D. lovati, D. insignis, D. vernayi, and D. nyikae are clear, even though the first two are known by few specimens. Four (D. melanotis, D. mesomelas, D. messorius, and D. mystacalis) need to be systematically revised — each may actually be a complex of species; some synonyms associated with each of them may be incorrectly allocated. Two others, D. kivu and D. oreas require critical comparison with samples of true D. mesomelas to resolve their affinities. Chromosomal information for several species was reported by Matthey (1967, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF1B0861F88EFAF4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Tete Dist., Zambezi River, Tete.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF1B0861F88EFAF4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Broadly occurring in arid to mesic southern savannahs and grasslands: from SW Tanzania across to C Angola; south through most of Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia; to S Mozambique and Cape Province, South Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF1B0861F88EFAF4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A composite of two or more species as suggested by extraordinary chromosomal variation (Gordon, 1986; Gordon and Rautenbach, 1980); the status of anderssoni and mashonae especially deserves attention in regard to campestris proper.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF140E26FBA7F9E5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Coast Prov., Changamwe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF140E26FBA7F9E5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme S Ethiopia and S Somalia, through E Uganda and Kenya, to NE Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF140E26FBA7F9E5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See remarks under generic account.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF4D0ADFFA4FFCBC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDEFF93FF4D0ADFFA4FFCBC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) thought that all nominal forms would prove to be races of the single species S. campestris, a speculation widely observed in later classifications and faunal reports (e. g., Delany, 1975; Ellerman et al., 1953; Kingdon, 1974; Misonne, 1974). Hubert (1978 a), however, presented karyotypic and morphological evidence that differentiates an eastern African species (S. mearnsi) from a southern African one (S. campestris), as earlier intimated by Allen and Lawrence (1936).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF8093BF887FB70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Nandi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF8093BF887FB70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Discontinuous highland range from Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976, recorded under mesomelas), E Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Western Rift mountains from W Uganda south to Rwanda, and Mt. Kilimanjaro in NE Tanzania; extent of montane distribution unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF8093BF887FB70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although insignis is now included in D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974), Thomas (1916 b) noted that the " lumping of insignis with the southern D. mesomelas " appeared to be " unfounded, " an evaluation matching our conclusion based on study of specimens. D. insignis is easily distinguished from D. mesomelas by its very large body size and cranial traits. Furthermore, it occurs at the same localities in the Western Rift mountains as D. kivu, which is the species most like D. mesomelas. Bohmann (1939) described kilimandjari as a subspecies of D. mesomelas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90F9AFB53FA99.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Kivu, Mt Kahuzi, 2100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90F9AFB53FA99.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire, Kivu region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90F9AFB53FA99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinct long-tailed species known only by few specimens from moss forest-bamboo habitat (Dieterlen, 1969 a, 1976 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90E84FD3FF781.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, near Lake Kivu, Buhamba, 2000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90E84FD3FF781.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: A possible montane Western Rift endemic; recorded from the west and east slopes of the Ruwenzoris in E Zaire and W Uganda (Osgood, 1936, and specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History) and the Kivu region in E Zaire (samples in the American Museum of Natural History and the British Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEF90E84FD3FF781.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Osgood (1936: 236) discussed two series of Dendromus collected at the same time and place on the western slope of Mt. Ruwenzori. He described one as D. lunaris, based on two examples, and identified the other as D. insignis, a conclustion we verified from study of his specimens. The two species are also sympatric in the Kivu Region (series in American Museum of Natural History). Thomas originally described kivu as a subspecies of D. insignis, but our study of the holotype reveals it to be the same as Osgood's lunaris, which it predates. Both kivu and insignis have been included in D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974). It is the smallerbodied kivu that is morphologically similar to D. mesomelas and the nature of the relationship between the two will have to be revealed by systematic revision of the mesomelas group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEFA038CF9DEF672.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Managasha, near Addis Ababa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEFA038CF9DEF672.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Ethiopian Plateau where it is recorded from 2500 - 3550 m (Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF92FEFA038CF9DEF672.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A grassland species differing from other members of Dendromus in its apparently strictly terrestrial habits (Yalden et al., 1976; Yalden, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF91FEFA029FFA17FE58.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, near Port Natal (Durban).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDFFF91FEFA029FFA17FE58.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From South Africa (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 306) north to Uganda, and west through Nigeria to Mt-Nimba in Guinea; also from Ethiopia (# 8119 in American Museum of Natural History), but published records might be D. mystacalis (Yalden et al., 1976). Limits of range unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0AC5FA7BFBC7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, E Cape Prov., Sunday's River, east of Port Elizabeth.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0AC5FA7BFBC7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Discontinuous ranges in South Africa (SW Cape Prov. east to Natal and E Transvaal), C Mozambique, extreme NE Zambia, N Botswana (see Map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 307), extreme NW and NE Zaire (Ansell, 1978), highlands of N and S Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), mountains of SW (Rungwe) and EC (Uluguru) Tanzania, and SE Zaire (Marungu); extent of range unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0AC5FA7BFBC7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: We treat some of the names usually included in D. mesomelas (see Misonne, 1974) as distinct species (see accounts of insignis, kivu, oreas, and vernayi). Judged by our study of specimens, samples from SE Zaire and SW Tanzania are morphologically similar to series of D. kivu, and the relationship among these and samples of true mesomelas has to be resolved by critical systematic revision. We include major, which was described as a subspecis of D. mesomelas (see St. Leger, 1930), but its relationships should be reexamined because of its large body size.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0F4BFC10FA9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Efulen.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0F4BFC10FA9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Benin, Nigeria to Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, and Sudan; limits not yet resolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0F4BFC10FA9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as part of D. mystacalis by Misonne (1974), but regarded as a separate species by Hatt (1940 a) and Dieterlen (1971), who pointed out its sympatric distribution with D. mystacalis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF030E83FC17F920.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Baschlo region (Ellerman et al., 1953, offered additional comments).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF030E83FC17F920.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From South Africa (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 308) north through most of the continent to Ethiopia, S Sudan, Zaire, and N Angolaand IUCN; extent of range unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0DEDF9D1F7FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Malawi, Nyika Plateau.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0DEDF9D1F7FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Zaire, N and C Angola, South Africa (E Transvaal), E Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, SW Tanzania, and Mozambique; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C0DEDF9D1F7FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The record from Zaire is documented by specimens in the American Museum of Natural History collected at Kananga (Luluabourg) and labelled pecilei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C032EFC93F5E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Southwest Prov., southwest side of Mt. Cameroon, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C032EFC93F5E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Possibly endemic to mountains of extreme E Cameroon in the Southest Prov.; recorded from Mt. Cameroon and Mt. Kupe and Mt. Manenguba in the massif about 70 mi northeast of Mt. Cameroon (Osgood, 1936; Rosevear, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF91FF1C032EFC93F5E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although originally described by Osgood (1936) as a distinct species, oreas was later included in D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Rosevear, 1969; Misonne, 1974). Our study of the holotype supports Osgood's (1936) view that oreas may be related to D. lunaris (= kivu), but is not a geographic sample of D. insignis. Judged from the wide range in length of upper molar row that Rosevear (1969: 472) recorded for oreas, his Cameroon sample is either extremely variable, which is unusual in this group, or consists of two species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF90FF030135FD97FDBC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: EC Angola, Chitau, 4930 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF90FF030135FD97FDBC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality (Hill and Carter, 1941; Crawford-Cabral, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDCFF90FF030135FD97FDBC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hill and Carter described vernayi as a subspecies of D. mesomelas, an association which has not been questioned (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974; Crawford-Cabral, 1986). Our study of the holotype and original series revealed vernayi to be distinguished from mesomelas by its smaller size, bright buffy venter, much shorter tail, and shorter and stubby rostrum. No data supports its affiliation with D. mesomelas as a subspecies and it is clearly distinct from the much larger D. insignis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF21097AFB0DFD3E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dendroprionomys rousseloti Petter, 1966.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0F09E3FB3EFC40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Congo, Brazzaville, Zoological Gardens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0F09E3FB3EFC40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Congo, recorded only from vicinity of Brazzaville.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0F09E3FB3EFC40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species combining features of Dendromus with those of Prionomys that is still known only by a few specimens (Petter, 19666).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF080FE9FA7AF9E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lower Congo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF080FE9FA7AF9E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire, SW Central African Republic, S Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF080FE9FA7AF9E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hatt (1940 a) and Rosevear (1969) provided good reviews. Myological and skeletal interaction in mastication was reported by Lemire (1966).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF2208D9FDE2FB26.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Deomys furrugineus Thomas, 1888.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF2208D9FDE2FB26.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although currently included in Dendromurinae, the morphological traits of Deomys do not fit well in that group (Rosevear, 1969), and influenced Ellerman (1941) to erect the Deomyinae to contain the genus (see the discussion in Carleton and Musser, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0A0C56FE4FF7EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Togo, Bismarckburg, 710 m (see Misonne, 1966, for additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0A0C56FE4FF7EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF0A0C56FE4FF7EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still known only by two specimens (Dieterlen, 1976 a; Misonne, 1966; Rosevear, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF230D46F913F8C5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Leimacomys buettneri Matschie, 1893.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF230D46F913F8C5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Apparently more closely related to Steatomys than to other dendromurines (Dieterlen, 1976 a). Rosevear (1969) provided a particularly good summary of past taxonomic allocations of Leimacomys and the nature of the type specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF04025CFC1FF589.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, E Cape Prov., Graaff Reinet Dist.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF04025CFC1FF589.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Cape Prov., Orange Free State, SW Transvaal), S Botswana, Namibia, and SW Angola (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 303).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF04025CFC1FF589.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Species is now absent from Natal in South Africa but was present up to about 60,000 years ago (Avery, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF3E034DF9F3F6B0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Otomys typicus A. Smith, 1834.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF90FF3E034DF9F3F6B0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Generally considered monotypic (Meester et al., 1986), but this view needs testing by systematic revision. See Matthey (1967) for reference to chromosomal information and karyological contrasts with other dendromurine genera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF97FF3F01AFFBE9FE5A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Megadendromus nikolausi Dieterlen and Rupp, 1978.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDDFF97FF3F01AFFBE9FE5A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A spectacular dendromurine with derived molar traits that were interpreted by Dieterlen and Rupp (1978) to indicate a closer relationship between Dendromurinae and Murinae than was previously suspected.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF070AC7FBA3FD10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, S Goba, Bale Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF070AC7FBA3FD10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Apparently endemic to the Bale Mtns of Ethiopia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF070AC7FBA3FD10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by two complete specimens and two fragmented skulls extracted from owl pellets (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Dieterlen and Rupp, 1978). Morphology and ecology were reported by Dieterlen and Rupp (1978); Demeter and Topal (1982) provided additional habitat information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF06087FF9D7FB6A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Ja River, Bitye, 2000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF06087FF9D7FB6A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from W and S Cameroon and S Central African Republic; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF06087FF9D7FB6A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1966 b) discussed P. batesi from Central African Republic and contrasted its morphology with that of Dendroprionomys. The specimen from W Cameroon (55 km NE Obala) is in the American Museum of Natural History (241344).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF390817FB86FC92.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060D02FA7CF8D7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Panyam, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060D02FA7CF8D7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to W Africa from Senegal west to C Nigeria (see map in Swanepoel and Schütter, 1978); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060D02FA7CF8D7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a subspecies of S. pratensis by Coetzee (1977 a), but documented as a separate species in the revision by Swanepoel and Schütter (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060C3BF97FF7CB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Farniso (= Panisau), near Kano, 1700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060C3BF97FF7CB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: A W African endemic occurring from Senegal to NC Nigeria and SC Niger (see map in Swanepoel and Schütter, 1978); actual range unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060C3BF97FF7CB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Swanepoel and Schütter (1978), who regarded cuppedius as a distinct species and not a member of S. parvus, as Coetzee (1977 a) had indicated.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060356F8D1F635.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Ashanti, Wenchi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060356F8D1F635.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from type locality and SW Nigeria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF060356F8D1F635.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was known only by the holotype, but a few specimens have been recorded from SW Nigeria (Anadu, 1979), and earlier Rosevear (1969) had suggested that two young animals from Wulehe, Togo, might be examples of S. jacksoni. Included in S. pratensis by Coetzee (1977 a), but retained as a species by Swanepoel and Schütter (1978), who preferred to recognize it until significance of the diagnostic character (size and shape of interparietal) could be assessed by additional specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF380FCEF9CBFA18.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Steatomys pratensis Peters, 1846.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF97FF380FCEF9CBFA18.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Coetzee (1977 a). Rosevear (1969) provided an excellent review of the West African species, and Swanepoel and Schütter (1978) produced a more comprehensive revision of them. Still, the widely distributed species such as S. pratensis and S. parvus need careful systematic revision to better resolve actual diversity of species represented in samples and their geographic ranges.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF96FF0502DBFC55FEA3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Kaffraria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF96FF0502DBFC55FEA3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, W Zambia, NE and SE Botswana, Caprivi Strip, and South Africa (W, N, E Cape Province, NW Natal, N Orange Free State, S and SW Transvaal); see map in Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDAFF96FF0502DBFC55FEA3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ansell (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFB03CFF967F69E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Goodar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFB03CFF967F69E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia and E Ethiopia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFB03CFF967F69E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Roche and Petter (1968) reviewed the species and mapped its distribution.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FF2D030BF9F1F742.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus imbellis de Winton, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FF2D030BF9F1F742.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Pavlinov (1981), who was so impressed with its unique morphological traits that he proposed the monotypic tribe Ammodillini.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FF2C029FFA9CF5CE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus przewalskii Büchner, 1889.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FF2C029FFA9CF5CE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in the tribe Rhombomyini by Pavlinov et al. (1990); more closely related to Meriones and Sekeetamys than to any other genera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FF100898FC11F813.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Whether viewed as a subfamily or family, species of gerbils form a distinct group defined by a suite of derived traits (see Carleton and Musser, 1984). In a series of reports, Pavlinov (1980 a, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1987) presented analyses of skeletal and dental characters of gerbils and developed a hypothesis of their phylogeny and a classification. The monograph by Pavlinov et al. (1990) represents a culmination of these efforts, in which the phylogeny, species classification, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution of Gerbillidae are comprehensively reviewed. Cytogenetic data for the subfamily summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schütter (1991) and Viegas-Pequignot et al. (1986). Rates of protein, chromosomal, and morphological evolution in four genera reported by Qumsiyeh and Chesser (1988). Chromosomal and biochemical results of several genera documented and discussed in a phylogenetic context by Benazzou et al. (1984). Anatomy, physiology, adaptive significance, and evolution of the middle and inner ear of gerbillines documented by Lay (1972) and Pavlinov (1988); significance of acoustic emissions and morphology of cochlea in context of adaptation and systematics reported by Bridelance (1987) and Plassmann et al. (1987); and the relationship of acoustical adaptations in relation to steppe and desert environments summarized by Petter et al. (1984). The origin and evolution of North African gerbils discussed by Tong (1989) whose results were presented in a phylogenetic classification of genera and compared with other classifications based on morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data. Palearctic species reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984); Russian species checklisted by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). See Pavlinov et al. (1990) for authors and publication dates of family-group names.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFD0A6FF88BFD91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Lake Rudolf, Rusia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFD0A6FF88BFD91.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (N Natal, Zululand), N Botswana, NW Zimbabwe, N Namibia, Angola, Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Somalia, S Sudan, and S Ethiopia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFD0A6FF88BFD91.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The single Ethiopian record was listed as S. pratensis by Yalden et al. (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFE097FF904FC82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Zambezi River, Tete.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF96FEFE097FF904FC82.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Natal, Zululand, Transvaal), Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, N Botswana, NE and N Namibia, N Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, SW Sudan and west to Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF95FEFA0153FC54FE6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Xinjiang (Sinkiang), Lob Nor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF95FEFA0153FC54FE6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China, deserts from Xinjiang to Gansu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFDBFF95FEFA0153FC54FE6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF060982F8B3FC22.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, S of El Obeid.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF060982F8B3FC22.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Sahel savanna in N and C Sudan, N Cameroon, W Niger, N Nigeria, C Mali, N Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), Senegal, and W Mauritania (see Good, 1947; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF060982F8B3FC22.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Review of distribution and geographic variation provided by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1986). A sample from Burkina Faso was reported by Gautun et al. (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF380ACCFD7FFD98.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Desmodilliscus braueri Wettstein, 1916.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF380ACCFD7FFD98.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The only member of subtribe Desmodilliscina, tribe Gerbillini, as arranged by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF070FBCFB6DFA2F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Little Namaqualand, Kamiesberg (Meester et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF070FBCFB6DFA2F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (Cape Prov., SW Orange Free State, SW Transvaal), S Botswana, and Namibia (see Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF070FBCFB6DFA2F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and geographic distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986). Ecology and distribution reviewed by Griffin (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF3908FBFA5CFB6C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus auricularis Smith, 1834.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF3908FBFA5CFB6C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A South African endemic that is a member of the tribe Gerbillurini, along with Gerbillurus, in the classification scheme of Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF07036FF933F5F9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Vryberg (as restricted by Roberts, 1951).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF07036FF933F5F9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (C, W, and N Cape Prov., SW Orange Free State, W and N Transvaal), W Mozambique, W Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, and SW Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF07036FF933F5F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Progerbillurus. Meester et al. (1986) and Skinner and Smithers (1990) summarized South African taxonomy and distribution; Griffin (1990) reviewed Namibian populations. Based on analyses of chromosomal data, Qumsiyeh (1986) hypothesized that G. paeba and G. vallinus evolved from a common ancestor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF380D0FFA11F7A1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus vallinus Thomas, 1918.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF95FF380D0FFA11F7A1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Concordance of morphological, allozymic, and chromosomal data supports the monophyly of Gerbillurus and indicates its close relationship to the robusta group of Taterillus (Qumsiyeh et al., 1987, and references therein). Pavlinov (1987) and Pavlinov et al. (1990), however, considered Gerbillurus to be a sister-species of Desmodillus and to form the monophyletic tribe Gerbillurini. Comparisons in thermal parameters, macro-and micro-environments, and interspecific aggression among four sympatric species of Gerbillurus were documented by Downs and Perrin (1989, 1990) and Dempster and Perrin (1990) in context of adaptive significance and phylogenetic relationships. Standard karyotypic data reported by Schütter et al. (1984), and an hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among the four species, derived from chromosomal data was advanced by Qumsiyeh et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF94FF060125F96FFE6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Gobabeb, 1 mi E Namib Desert Research Station.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF94FF060125F96FFE6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Namib Desert, from the Namib-Naukluft Nat. Park north through Namibia to extreme SW Angola (Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD8FF94FF060125F96FFE6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Gerbillurus. Interpretation of chromosomal data indicated G. setzeri and G. tytonis are closely related (Qumsiyeh et al., 1991). Reviewed by Griffin (1990), who also refered to an undescribed form (G. cf. setzeri) coexisting with G. setzeri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF10AB6F8A8FD54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Namib Desert, Sossusvlei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF10AB6F8A8FD54.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Namibia (Sossusvlei, Sandwich Harbour and Bobabeb, Namib Desert, and Farm Canaan near diamond region of Namibia).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF10AB6F8A8FD54.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Paratatera. Taxonomic history summarized by Meester et al. (1986); distribution and habitat reviewed by Griffin (1990) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF109C6F9D9FBF9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Bushmanland, Kenhart, Tuin (see Meester et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF109C6F9D9FBF9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From South Africa (NW Cape Prov.) northwest through Namibia towards Brukaros-Karas Mtns and central Namib Desert.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF109C6F9D9FBF9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Gerbillurus. Taxonomy summarized by Meester et al. (1986); ecology and range reviewed by Griffin (1990) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF3020BFC4BF629.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Berbera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF3020BFC4BF629.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF3020BFC4BF629.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) explained why Petter's (1975 b) synonomy of G. acticola with G. pyramidum should not be followed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF302F4F95AF51A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, W Kordofan, Agageh Wells.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF302F4F95AF51A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Nigeria, Mali, and Niger to Chad, Sudan, and Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FEF302F4F95AF51A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The forms cosensi, maradius, nigeriae, and sudanensis have been associated with G. agag, but Lay (1983) found the limits of this species impossible to define based on published analyses and regarded it as monotypic pending systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FF240F3FFDE8F700.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus aegyptius Desmarest, 1804 (= Dipus gerbillus Olivier, 1801).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFD9FF94FF240F3FFDE8F700.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This genus has never been adequately revised. Lay (1983) summarized taxonomic difficulties of the genus, discussed significant character complexes that would bear on any scheme to separate species into subgenera (nature of plantar surfaces, size of auditory bulla, relative tail length, dental traits, accessory tympanum, and karyotype), and provided an annotated checklist of the species he considered valid. Lack of concordance among the suites of characters discouraged Lay from allocating species to higher categories conventionally recognized as either subgenera or genera (Dipodillus, Hendecapleura, Monodia, Petteromys; see Pavlinov et al., 1990), and Lay felt compelled to recognize a single genus without subgenera until the group was systematically re-evaluated. No such comprehensive revision has emerged since 1983, and Lay's taxonomic overview remains the best working hypothesis of specific diversity in Gerbillus. With a few departures, we follow his treatment. Pavlinov et al. (1990) recognized subgenera of Gerbillus but admitted the weakness of these categories. An excellent account of species occurring east of the Euphrates River was provided by Lay and Nadler (1975). The distribution of six species endemic to North Africa was mapped and discussed by Cheylan (1990) in the context of assessing endemism and speciation of Mediterranean mammals. Tranier and Julien-Laferriere (1990) commented on suggested identities of several species from North Africa. A contribution to allozymic variation within and between species was offered by Nevo (1982). Evolutionary tendencies within Gerbillus, as reflected in dental traits, were discussed by Petter (1973 c). And the significance of variation in incisor microstructure within the genus was reported by Flynn (1982). Species of Gerbillus were included by Bonhomme et al. (1985) and Pascale et al. (1990) in their assessment of phylogenetic relationships among muroid rodents with electrophoretic and DNAsequence data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060A1BF89BFE1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Israel, Rehoboth.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060A1BF89BFE1F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Israel, coastal dunes from N of Gaza to Haifa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060A1BF89BFE1F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) mentioned the synonymy of this form with G. andersoni, as accepted by Harrison and Bates (1991), but kept it separate pending a revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF050902FBDAFCD5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Giza Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF050902FBDAFCD5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Egypt and Libya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF050902FBDAFCD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) speculated that the species may range across Tunisia and Algeria to Mauritania, noted its past associations with dasyurus and campestris, and advised future comparison with G. nanus. Ranck (1968) reviewed the Libyan populations and recorded significant geographic variation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060839FC01FAF6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, E Alexandria, Mandara.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060839FC01FAF6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, Nile Delta south to El Faiyum (as mapped for G. a. andersoni by Osborn and Helmy, 1980: 120).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060839FC01FAF6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The forms allenbyi, inflatus, and bonhotei have all been listed as synonyms of G. andersoni (e. g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Osborn and Helmy, 1980), but Lay (1983) argued that current evidence does not support the union of these forms. He also suggested that bland and eatoni be tentatively associated with G. andersoni. The latter species should be considered monotypic pending a revision. With the range as described above, G. andersoni is allopatric with G. eatoni to the west and G. bonhotei to the east (see those accounts).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060E26FBDCFA1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, 60 km W Kerman.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060E26FBDCFA1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Iran, W Pakistan, S Afghanistan (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060E26FBDCFA1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Lay and Nadler (1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060D01FD0CF926.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, near Bilen.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060D01FD0CF926.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060D01FD0CF926.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) questioned the synonymy of this species with pulvinatus as allocated by Petter (1975 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060DEAFB30F7E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Sinai, Khubra Abu Guzoar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060DEAFB30F7E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Sinai Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060DEAFB30F7E3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually included in G. andersoni (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Osborn and Helmy, 1980) but maintained as distinct pending systematic review of the genus (Lay, 1983). Harrison and Bates (1991) recorded the form from Jordan, an occurrence which requires corroboration according to Lay (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF07032FFC4EF6D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Sennar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF07032FFC4EF6D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Sudan and Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF07032FFC4EF6D2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although luteolus and harwoodi have been included in bottai, Lay (1983) related reasons, based on presence or absence of accessory tympanum, for provisionally regarding the species as monotypic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF06023CF96BF5F5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Burao, 85 mi S Berbera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF06023CF96BF5F5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF06023CF96BF5F5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1975 b) placed brockmani in synonymy with G. nanus, but no evidence indicates that the species occurs anywhere remotely near Somalia (see Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060118FAD2F51F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Dharfur.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060118FAD2F51F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC6FF8BFF060118FAD2F51F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually treated as a synonym of G. pyramidum, but Lay (1983) mustered diagnostic cranial traits that appear to distinguish them.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF60A1BFACAFC7D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Constantine Prov., Philipeville.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF60A1BFACAFC7D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Africa, from Morocco to Egypt and Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF60A1BFACAFC7D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nineteen species-group names have been associated with G. campestris by different authors in various combinations, as summarized by Lay (1983). He also noted that most opinions lacked supportive evidence and that some of the synonyms are unidentifiable or nomina nuda. Those names listed here are probably correctly associated with G. campestris, but the species requires refined definition through careful systematic revision. Different geographical populations are reviewed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991, Algeria), Ranck (1968, Libya), and Osborn and Helmy (1980, Egypt). Benazzou and Zyadi (1990) conducted a biometric study analyzing variation among Moroccan populations. Cockrum and Setzer (1976: 643) clarified the author and date of publication of campestris.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF708A0F960FAE9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iraq, Lower Euphrates, near Basra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF708A0F960FAE9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Iran, C and S Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, North Yemen, South Yemen, and Kuwait (see Lay and Nadler, 1975; Harrison and Bates, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF708A0F960FAE9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Lay and Nadler (1975), Lay (1983), and Harrison and Bates (1991). Chromosomal polymorphism among samples from Kuwait was analyzed and reported by Badr and Asker (1980). Detailed comparisons between Qatarian G. cheesmani and G. nanus in cranial morphology were reported by Madkour (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00E35FCEAF9F3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Kozibiri River, Ngamatak, TurkwelRiver.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00E35FCEAF9F3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the typelocality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00E35FCEAF9F3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1975 b) synonymized thisform withG. agag, butLay (1983) regardedit as separate pending revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00D1FF9FFF8C8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chad, Tibesti region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00D1FF9FFF8C8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00D1FF9FFF8C8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another species united with G. agag by Petter (1975 b) without supporting documentation, " but the type localities are separated by more than 2300 km " (Lay, 1983: 340), and should " be regarded as a valid species pending revision. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00C55FCAAF701.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sinai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00C55FCAAF701.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Sinai (see Harrison and Bates, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF00C55FCAAF701.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Review of morphology and distribution, along with citations for synonyms, provided by Harrison and Bates (1991). Those authors also listed lixa as a synonym of G. dasyurus, but the holotype, a young animal, has an accessory tympanum and bare soled hind feet, which is uncharacteristic of G. dasyurus but does suggest alliance with G. nanus (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF1020DF914F62A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Nyama Nyango, Guaso Nyiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF1020DF914F62A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF1020DF914F62A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: United with G. pusillus by Petter (1975 b) without substantiation; should be kept separate until its status can be clarified by systematic revision (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF102F6FB47F514.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Dongola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF102F6FB47F514.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC7FF8AFEF102F6FB47F514.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) noted that several authors have synonymized this taxon with G. pyramidum but always without confirmatory documentation. Until that data is available, the species should be considered valid.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF150A27F9E2FE1C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Gerlogobi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF150A27F9E2FE1C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF150A27F9E2FE1C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The conspecificity of dunni with G. latastei has been suggested, but the latter's range lies more than 4000 km from the distribution of G. dunni (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF15090EFBCFFD0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Yemen, Aden, Lehej.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF15090EFBCFFD0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to South Yemen and North Yemen (see Harrison and Bates, 1991: 272).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF15090EFBCFFD0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A large and elegant gerbil whose morphology, geographic range, and ecology was reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF16081FFBB2FC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Sinai, S of El Arish.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF16081FFBB2FC15.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF16081FFBB2FC15.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually considered a synonym of G. pyramidum, but Lay (1983) explained why it should not be united with that species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF1608FBF95BFAD3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Ouargla, Sidi Roueld.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF1608FBF95BFAD3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF1608FBF95BFAD3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Most workers have included this taxon in G. nanus (e. g., Kowalski and RzebikKowalska, 1991), but never with supporting evidence, and Lay elaborated why it should be considered valid pending revision of the G. nanus group. The species (listed under G. nanus) was reviewed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF160E3FF965F826.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Giza Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF160E3FF965F826.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Israel through Egypt and N Sudan to Morocco; also N Mali, N Niger, and N Chad (see Corbet, 1978 c; Harrison and Bates, 1991: 283; Osborn and Helmy, 1980: 131).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF160E3FF965F826.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic portions reviewed by Ranck (1968), Corbet (1978 c), Lay (1983), Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), and Harrison and Bates (1991). In 1983, Lay drew attention to the lack of inquiry into variation in this species which has such an extensive range; that complaint stands today and the species needs careful taxonomic review. The form hirtipes was synonymized with G. gerbillus by Cockrum (1976), but because of his inadequate documentation, Lay (1983) was reluctant to accept this union. Cockrum's evidence was scanty, but we are swayed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska's (1991) argument for merging hirtipes with G. gerbillus. The origin of multiple sex chromosomes in this species was discussed by Wahrman et al. (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF100CE8FCDEF6FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Upper Sind, Rohri Dist, Mirpur-Drahrki Taluka, 15 mi SW Rehti, Beruto.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF100CE8FCDEF6FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW India, sand dunes along Indus Valley of Pakistan (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF100CE8FCDEF6FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species defined by diagnostic morphological and chromosomal data (Lay and Nadler, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF10022EFB68F607.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, Cyrenaica, Dernah.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF10022EFB68F607.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF10022EFB68F607.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1975 b) and Corbet (1978 c) included grobbeni in G. nanus, but Lay (1983) agreed with Ranck (1968) who maintained it as valid.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF170108FB1DF528.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Lake Naivasha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF170108FB1DF528.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC4FF89FF170108FB1DF528.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under account of G. bottai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEFB0A11FCAEFD2C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Wadi Natron, Zaghig.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEFB0A11FCAEFD2C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Algeria through N Africa to Israel and Jordan, scattered records in W Saudia Arabia, N Yemen, and Oman; also recorded from Burkina Faso (Maddalena et al., 1988) and N Senegal (Duplantier et al. 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEFB0A11FCAEFD2C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Broad segments of the species reviewed by Ranck (1968, Libya), Osborn and Helmy (1980, Egypt), Harrison and Bates (1991, Arabian Peninsula), and Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991, Algeria). The occurrences in Burkina Faso and Senegal were postulated to reflect the southward expansion of Saharan environments (Duplantier et al., 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF409FEFD9AFC35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, Mogador (= Essouira).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF409FEFD9AFC35.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Morocco N of Middle Atlas Mtns.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF409FEFD9AFC35.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See the references cited by Lay (1983) for characters defining this distinctive species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF408DBF9B3FB72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, 7 km S Taroudannt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF408DBF9B3FB72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF408DBF9B3FB72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Comparisons and diagnostic features presented by Lay (1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF40F9CFA14FACD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tunisia, between Bou Ficha and Enfidaville.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF40F9CFA14FACD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tunisia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF40F9CFA14FACD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recognized as valid by Petter (1975 b) and Lay (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50E50FACCF9BD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Bulhar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50E50FACCF9BD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50E50FACCF9BD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Roche and Petter (1968) reviewed this species under Monodia, but Petter (1975 b) later synonymized it with G. watersi without supporting evidence. Lay (1983) recognized juliani as valid pending revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50D60FBBEF82E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tunisia, Kebili.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50D60FBBEF82E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tunisia and Libya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50D60FBBEF82E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The three synonyms listed here along with bonhotei, dunni, perpallidus, riggenbachi, and rosalinda were united with G. latastei by Cockrum (1977) when he reported on the specific identity of that species. Lay (1983) discussed the basis for considering each of these five as separate species. The Libyan populations (under G. aureus) were reviewed by Ranck (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50CF3F9D2F730.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Jebel Marra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50CF3F9D2F730.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF50CF3F9D2F730.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Synonymized with G. campestris by Petter (1975 b) without supporting evidence, but should be kept separate pending revision of the genus (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF503DDF928F621.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Wadi Alagai, eastern desert of Nubia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF503DDF928F621.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E desert of S Egypt (see Osborn and Helmy, 1980) and probably adjacent Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF503DDF928F621.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although some authors have placed this species with G. nanus (see references in Lay, 1983), Osborn and Helmy (1980) demonstrated its specific distinction.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF502EFF902F57D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, Fes Prov., 15 km WSW Taounate (see Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF502EFF902F57D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC5FF88FEF502EFF902F57D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species related to G. campestris according to Lay (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0A21FC1FFE05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritania, Aouker Region, S of Archane Titarek.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0A21FC1FFE05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0A21FC1FFE05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Monodia, but according to Lay (1983) the diagnostic traits do not warrant generic distinction.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1D0908FCA5FCF7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iraq, SW of Faluja, W bank of Euphrates River, near Amiriya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1D0908FCA5FCF7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iraq and SW Iran in valleys of the Tigris, Euphrates, and Karun Rivers (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1D0908FCA5FCF7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species defined and reviewed by Lay and Nadler (1975) and Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0818FA5EFC31.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Darfur, Madu, 80 mi NE El Fasher.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0818FA5EFC31.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0818FA5EFC31.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) regarded this species as valid pending revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E08DFFBF7FB8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Plains of Darfur, 45 mi N El Fasher.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E08DFFBF7FB8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of El Fasher.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E08DFFBF7FB8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly a distinct species (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0F91FBCFF979.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Gedrosia (see Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0F91FBCFF979.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: An extensive range from the Baluchistan region of NW India, Pakistan, S Afghanistan, and Iran through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and North Africa to Morocco.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0F91FBCFF979.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regional reviews of the species provided by Lay and Nadler (1975), Harrison and Bates (1991), Osborn and Helmy (1980), Ranck (1968), and Kowalski and RzebikKowalska (1991). Lay (1983) remarked that G. nanus and G. amoenus share several morphological and chromosomal traits and that the nature of their relationship should be explored by careful revision. Cranial morphology of Qatarian G. nanus and G. cheesmani contrasted by Madkour (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0DA5FB68F86E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Farniso near Kano.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0DA5FB68F86E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Nigeria and Burkina Faso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0DA5FB68F86E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) maintained this species as valid even though it has been synonymized with G. agag by some workers. The sample from Burkina Faso was documented and karyotyped by Gautun et al. (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0CB0FC23F7A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, Aoreora, 80 km WSW Goulimine.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0CB0FC23F7A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0CB0FC23F7A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Lay (1983) for a review.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0375FAAFF6B2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Voi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0375FAAFF6B2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F0375FAAFF6B2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although this species was synonymized with G. pusillus by Petter (19756), it should be kept separate pending a revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F025FFAE7F60F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Bir Victoria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F025FFAE7F60F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Egypt, W of the Nile River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1F025FFAE7F60F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Lay (1983) for a review of this distinctive species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0112FA1DF54A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Yemen, Aden, Lahej.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0112FA1DF54A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Yemen, North Yemen, and SW Saudi Arabia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC2FF8FFF1E0112FA1DF54A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A valid species reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40A1BFB5CFE18.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Jebel Meidob, El Malha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40A1BFB5CFE18.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40A1BFB5CFE18.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species has been associated with G. nanus or G. watersi, but Lay (1983) regarded it as valid pending systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40905FAAFFD22.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Lake Rudolf, Rusia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40905FAAFFD22.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF40905FAAFFD22.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) explained why this species should be considered valid and monotypic, although Petter (1975 b) placed bilensis in it.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF509EFFA14FC7F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Ndi and Kitui.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF509EFFA14FC7F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Ethiopia, and S Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF509EFFA14FC7F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1975 b) and Lay (1983) recognized this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF508A3FDD7FA6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Giza Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF508A3FDD7FA6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, Nile delta and valley south to N Sudan, oases of Western Desert and SE Eastern Desert (see Osborn and Helmy, 1980: 97); possibly Khartoum region in EC Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF508A3FDD7FA6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Many authors have viewed this species as ranging extensively from the Sinai throughout North Africa, and containing many synonyms. Lay (1983), however, restricted the distribution of G. pyramidum proper to the region mapped by Osborn and Helmy (1980). Tawill and Niethammer (1989) discussed the morphological and chromosomal identification of a sample from Khartoum as most probably G. pyramidum.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60EB6F9D6F98D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Nubia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60EB6F9D6F98D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, NE Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60EB6F9D6F98D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lay (1983) remarked that although most authors list this form equivocably under G. nanus, it should be kept separate until a revision is available.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60D91FDADF84B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Western Sahara, Rio de Oro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60D91FDADF84B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from the type locality and N Senegal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF60D91FDADF84B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This form has been included in either G. pyramidum (Petter, 1975 b) or G. latastei (Cockrum, 1977), but Lay (1983: 347) contended that it " should be regarded as distinct pending comprehensive revision. " The Senegal record was reported by Duplantier et al. (1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF70CD4FD65F76C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Kordofan, Abu Zabad, 145 km SW El Obeid.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF70CD4FD65F76C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF70CD4FD65F76C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Both Petter (1975 b) and Lay (1983) listed this species as distinct pending revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF703BFFC7DF676.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Finik, near Webi Shebeli.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF703BFFC7DF676.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF703BFFC7DF676.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another form that should be considered distinct until revisionary work demonstrates otherwise (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF7029BFB24F54C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Oued Magra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF7029BFB24F54C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, W of Nile Delta, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC3FF8EFEF7029BFB24F54C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species that is the type species of Dipodillus (Lay, 1983). Regional reviews are available for Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Libya (Ranck, 1968), and Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF020A36FAD8FE25.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Upper Sheikh.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF020A36FAD8FE25.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF020A36FAD8FE25.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tentatively regarded as valid following Lay (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF010AE8FDBEFD16.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Khartoum.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF010AE8FDBEFD16.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF010AE8FDBEFD16.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a synonym of G. campestris by Petter (1975 b); retained as separate by Lay (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0309FAFBF1FC52.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, 12 km N Nofilia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0309FAFBF1FC52.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0309FAFBF1FC52.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationships obscure (see Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0308BCF88BFAF6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, Sebha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0308BCF88BFAF6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Libya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF0308BCF88BFAF6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually listed as a synonym of G. pyramidutn, G. tarabuli can be distinguished by morphological traits (Lay et al., 1975). Future inquiry, according to Lay (1983: 347) " should examine the possibility that the 2 N = 40 ... forms reported from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Senegal ... are conspecific and may be referable to G. tarabuli. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0E1BFAD5F9E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, Sebha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0E1BFAD5F9E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Libya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0E1BFAD5F9E6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Variously placed in either G. dasyurus, G. amoenus, or G. nanus, but Lay (1983) disputed its association with G. dasyurus and urged that its level of relationship to G. amoenus and G. nanus be assessed by systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0D28FCF1F8D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Upper Nile, Shendi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0D28FCF1F8D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia, Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF1C0D28FCF1F8D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed both as a subspecies of G. nanus or as a valid species by Petter (1975 b) in the same report. The species should be considered distinct until revisionary studies advise otherwise (Lay, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF310C53FE4DF5B6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus tamariscinus Pallas, 1773.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8DFF310C53FE4DF5B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of the tribe Rhombomyini in the scheme of Pavlinov et al. (1990). No modern systematic revision is available for Meriones. The early revision by Chaworth-Musters and Ellerman (1947), as updated and modified by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c), represents the most current review of species in the genus. Additional taxonomic, distributional, and evolutionary views are found in the taxonomic reports and regional faunal studies cited throughout the accounts below. Most workers agree on definitions of the species we list here, but results of careful systematic revision will probably uncover a greater number of species. All chromosomal data concerning Meriones up to 1967 was summarized by Nadler and Lay (1967) in the context of assessing relationships among the species. Additional chromosomal data and its significance to understanding phylogenetic relationships among four species of Meriones reported by Benazzou et al. (1982). Lay and Nadler (1969) summarized laboratory hybridization attempts among several species of Meriones. Records of species from Iran and Pakistan reported by Lay et al. (1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8CFF1E015DFC45FD83.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Saudi Arabia, Yabrin (Jabrin), Djebel Agoula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8CFF1E015DFC45FD83.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: " Northern sands of the Rub al Khali in Saudia Arabia and Oman " (Harrison and Bates, 1991: 297).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC0FF8CFF1E015DFC45FD83.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed this form as a valid species, but it was later included in M. libycus (Corbet, 1978 c; Harrison and Bates, 1991). Pavlinov et al. (1990: 294) reinstated arimalius as a separate species and reviewed its salient characters. Even from the terse description of its diagnostic traits provided by Harrison and Bates (1991: 297), who recognized the form as a subspecies of M. libycus, it is evident that arimalius is quite morphologically different from populations of lybicus north of it in Saudia Arabia. The species was also considered distinct by Nadler and Lay (1967).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF9098EFDB0FC27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, N Xinjiang (Sinkiang), Da-Ho-Yien, Turfan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF9098EFDB0FC27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF9098EFDB0FC27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Wang (1964) considered this species, based on a series of adult and immature specimens, to be most closely related to M. meridianus, which also occurs in Xinjiang Prov (Ma et al., 1987). The relationship of chengi to the latter species needs to be assessed by revision of Meriones, especially the M. meridianus complex.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF808EDFCB2FA7A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Sinai, Fount of Moses (Ain Musa).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF808EDFCB2FA7A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Across North Africa from Morocco through Niger, Sudan, and Egypt to Israel, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEF808EDFCB2FA7A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c). Regional reviews of the species are available for Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Libya (Ranck, 1968), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), the Arabian Peninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Iran (Lay, 1967), and Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973). See Koffler (1972, Mammalian Species, 9).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0EA5FB42F936.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Armenia, Sadarak steppe, foothills of Vardanis (Saraibulak) Ridge.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0EA5FB42F936.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Local occurrence in sandy habitats in Armenia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0EA5FB42F936.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Included in M. meridianus by Corbet (1978 c) but shown to be a separate species by Dyatlov and Avanyan (1987), whose results were based on morphological, biochemical, and chromosomal traits, as well as interbreeding experiments. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0DDBFDADF80F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Hurriana Dist.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0DDBFDADF80F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Primarily in Thar Desert in SE Iran, Pakistan, and NW India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF8CFEFA0DDBFDADF80F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cheliones. The Pakistan population reviewed by Roberts (1977). Hassinger (1973) discussed old records of the species from Afghanistan as probably erroneous.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF83FEFA031EFD94FC51.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, near Alexandria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF83FEFA031EFD94FC51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North Africa from Western Sahara (Rio de Oro) to Egypt, through Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, and into S Turkestan to W China (Xinjiang).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC1FF83FEFA031EFD94FC51.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c). Regional studies cover populations in Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Libya (Ranck, 1968, as caudatus), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Arabian Penninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Iran (Lay, 1967), and Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973). Results of comparative craniometric analyses between Moroccan samples of M. libycus and M. shawi obtained in sympatry were reported by Zaime and Pascal (1988). Morphological and karyotypic contrasts between these same two species as well as laboratory hybridization experiments, were recorded by Lay and Nadler (1969). In North Africa, M. libycus inhabits the Sahara desert, but does extend to the Mediterranean in Morocco, Algeria, and Libya where it overlaps the distribution of M. shawi, which is primarily Mediterranean littoral (Lay and Nadler, 1969; Zaime and Pascal, 1988). Citations for synonyms among Russian samples were supplied by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987); afghanus is proposed as a new subspecies in that checklist. The Xinjiang population was reviewed by Ma et al. (1987). Lay and Nadler (1969) also clarified why caudatus, used by Ranck (1968) as a species name for Libyan samples, simply refers to M. libycus. Corbet (1978 c: 127), apparently unaware of the report by Lay and Nadler (1969), followed Ranck and listed caudatus as a species, but cautioned that caudatus may be " conspecific with M. libycus and that the Libyan forms assigned by Ranck to M. libycus should really be allocated to M. shawi. " This is correct and restates the past confusion that has " clouded the taxonomy of M. shawi and M. libycus because of uncertainty concerning the number of species in this complex and their nomenclature " (Lay and Nadler, 1969: 44).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1D08BAFC2AF926.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Astrakhanskaya Oblast, Dosang (as restricted by Heptner, in Vinogradov et al., 1936, not Chaworth-Musters and Ellerman, 1947 — see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1D08BAFC2AF926.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Lower Don River and N of the Caucasus to Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shanxi and Hebei, south to E Iran and N Afghanistan. The isolated segment in Armenia mentioned by Corbet (1978 c) refers to M. dahli (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1D08BAFC2AF926.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. The significance of intraspecific chromosomal variation among Russian samples was reported by Korobitsyna and Kartavtseva (1988). Utilizing several sets of data, including results from hybridization studies, Dyatlov and Avanyan (1987) tested conspecificity of the subspecies meridianus, nogaiorum, and dahli, and concluded that nogaiorum should be considered a semispecies and dahli a species (see that account). We retain nogaiorum in M. meridianus pending unequivocable results demonstrating its evolutionary status. The Xinjiang population was discussed by Ma et al. (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0DEAFD42F7C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Kohrud, N of Isfahan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0DEAFD42F7C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Iran, adjacent regions of Transcaucasia, Turkey, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan (W of Indus River).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0DEAFD42F7C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Parameriones. Regional studies available for the Middle East (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and Iran (Lay, 1967).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1F0355F9B9F6B9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yemen, Lahej, near Aden.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1F0355F9B9F6B9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Arabia, from Mecca to Aden (see Harrison and Bates, 1991: 289).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1F0355F9B9F6B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Parameriones, according to Nadler and Lay (1967) and Harrison and Bates (1991), but not allocated to a subgenus by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0265FDD5F5AB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Israel, 10 mi S Beersheba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0265FDD5F5AB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: A small range in Israel, on coastal plain S of the River Yarqon and in the northern Negev.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF83FF1E0265FDD5F5AB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive Israeli endemic, reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF82FF1E0177FDE6FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Oman.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF82FF1E0177FDE6FD1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean littoral from Morocco to N Sinai, never found more than about 150 mi inland (Lay and Nadler, 1969, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCEFF82FF1E0177FDE6FD1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive species that ranges mostly north of M. libycus but is sympatric with it in several regions (Lay and Nadler, 1969; Zaime and Pascal, 1988). The distribution maps of Algerian M. shawi and M. libycus in Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991) illustrate the geographic relationships of these species — mostly parapatric, but sympatric near the coast. M. shawi and M. libycus are often confused in museum collections and published reports (see the review by Lay and Nadler, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF6080EFB7CFBA0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Saraitschikowski (= Saraichik).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF6080EFB7CFBA0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Caucasus and Kazakhstan to the Altai Mtns, and through N Xinjiang and W Gansu of China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF6080EFB7CFBA0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Meriones. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c); regional reviews offered by Allen (1940, China), and Ma et al. (1987, Xinjiang).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70F6AFC54FA13.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Israel, Dead Sea region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70F6AFC54FA13.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan to E Turkey, Syria, N Iraq, NW Iran, and Transcaucasia (see Harrison and Bates, 1991: 294).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70F6AFC54FA13.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. The species was generally reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and regionally reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Lay (1967). Chromosomal polymorphism and its significance among Transcaucasian samples was reported by Korobitsyna and Korablev (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70EFCFAFFF883.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, N Shanxi, 10 mi NE of Tschang-Kur, Eul-che san hao (= Ershi san hao).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70EFCFAFFF883.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mongolia, adjacent regions of Siberia (Transbaikalia), and of China from N Gansu through Nei Mongol to Heilongjiang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF70EFCFAFFF883.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Allen (1940) and Corbet (1978 c). Corbet also included Xinjiang in the distribution of the species, but Ma et al. (1987) did not record it there. See Gulotta, 1971 (Mammalian Species, 3).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF00C8FFDD2F75A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Persian Azarbaidjan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF00C8FFDD2F75A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Turkey, N Syria, N Iran, and Armenia and Azerbaijan (see Harrison and Bates, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF00C8FFDD2F75A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987) that was reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991). The Iranian population was reviewed by Lay (1967).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF003C4FD70F64B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenistan, Kushka (Afghanistan-Turkmenistan border).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF003C4FD70F64B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Iran, N Afghanistan, and S Turkmenistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FEF003C4FD70F64B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c) and listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) as a distinctive species. The Afghanistan population was reviewed by Hassinger (1973).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FF2B02E3F8BAF5AC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus peeli de Winton, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF82FF2B02E3F8BAF5AC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of the Tribe Gerbillini in the classification of Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF81FEF10171F920FEAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Eyk.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF81FEF10171F920FEAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCFFF81FEF10171F920FEAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Roche and Petter (1968), who provided a distribution map.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF140942FE4BFC94.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Laghouat.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF140942FE4BFC94.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Sahara desert from W Morocco to N Egypt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF140942FE4BFC94.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The Algerian population was reviewed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), the Libyan segment by Ranck (1968), and the Egyptian by Osborn and Helmy (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF4F0A81FDC2FDDA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pachyuromys duprasi Lataste, 1880.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF4F0A81FDC2FDDA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The sole member of the tribe Pachyuromyini in Pavlinov et al. ' s (1990) classification.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF480894FB11FBC5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar, 1828.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF480894FB11FBC5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984). A member of the tribe Rhombomyini in the classification scheme of Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF150F49FD77F9EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Alexandria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF150F49FD77F9EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: In North Africa from Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991) through Tunisia and coastal region of Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980) into Syria, Jordan, Israel, and parts of Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991); also on coast of Sudan (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF150F49FD77F9EB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic, chromosomal, and morphological traits were analyzed by Qumsiyeh and Chesser (1988) in the context of assessing evolutionary change among four genera of gerbils.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160D34FA1DF8DB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libya, Tripolitania Prov., Bu Ngem (Bondjem).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160D34FA1DF8DB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160D34FA1DF8DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes included in P. obesus but a separate species as pointed out by Ranck (1968) and Cockrum et al. (1977). Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991) did not recognize this species in Algeria and discussed only P. obesus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160312F921F640.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Kzyl-Ordinskaya, KaraKumy Desert (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160312F921F640.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S Mongolia through Ningxia, Gansu, and Xinjiang in China to Kazakhstan, Iran, Afghanistan, and SW Pakistan (Corbet, 1978 c; Ma et al., 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF160312F921F640.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Citations for synonyms were referenced by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Regional reviews cover Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), Iran (Lay, 1967), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and Xinjiang (Ma et al., 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF490C50F90FF80F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rhombomys pallidus Wagner, 1841 (= Meriones opimus Lichtenstein, 1823).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF490C50F90FF80F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c). The tribe Rhombomyini contains this genus along with Sekeetamys, Meriones, Brachiones, and Psammomys (Pavlinov et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF4802D9FC9CF4F2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus calurus Thomas, 1892.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCCFF81FF4802D9FC9CF4F2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c), who also discussed the past allocation of calurus to either Meriones or Gerbillus. One of four gerbil genera in which electrophoretic, chromosomal, and morphological traits were examined to assess rates of evolutionary change (Qumsiyeh and Chesser, 1988). Placed in the tribe Rhombomyini by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60A2DF8DFFDD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Sinai, near Tor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60A2DF8DFFDD0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From E Egypt through Sinai, S Israel and Jordan into C Saudi Arabia (see Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Harrison and Bates, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60A2DF8DFFDD0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology, taxonomy, and ecology summarized by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF70E07FB48F9D0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, vicinity of Cape Town (as restricted by Meester et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF70E07FB48F9D0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Cape Province, South Africa (see Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF70E07FB48F9D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who listed the species in the T. afra group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60D3BF915F874.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Marunga, Qua Mpala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60D3BF915F874.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola, S Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60D3BF915F874.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Gerbilliscus. Revised by Bates (1988). The type locality is in S Zaire (Ansell, 1978), although it has been also identified as N Zambia (Allen, 1939; Bates, 1988). The double-grooved incisors and fringed, white-tipped tail in this species are unique among species of Tatera, thus its allocation to a separate subgenus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60CA6FE65F660.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Ladybrand, E Orange Free State, near Lesotho border (see Meester et al., 1986, for details).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60CA6FE65F660.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (most of Cape Prov., N and W Natal, Zululand, Orange Free State, Transvaal; see Skinner and Smithers, 1990), W Zimbabwe, Botswana, C and E Namibia, S Angola, and SW Zambia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF60CA6FE65F660.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who assigned the species to the T. afra group. Geographic variation in protein and enzyme markers among samples from Lesotho was reported by Maurer et al. (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF602ADFDCBF538.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guinea-Bissau, Gunnal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF602ADFDCBF538.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia, Senegal, to Ghana and Burkina Faso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FEF602ADFDCBF538.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Reviewed by Rosevear (1969). Shown to be morphologically distinct from T. robusta by Bates (1985). Gautun et al. (1985) provided chromosomal information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FF280956FB39FB1A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dipus indicus Hardwicke, 1807.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCDFF80FF280956FB39FB1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of the tribe Taterillini according to Pavlinov et al. (1990). Taxonomic revisions of various inclusiveness were provided by Pirlot (1955) and Bates (1985, 1988). Davis (1975 a) presented a review of the genus, in which, aside from T. boehmi, he considered all the species to cluster either in an afra group or robusta group. Chromosomal information for some species was reported by Matthey and Petter (1970). Results of craniometric studies of Angolan Tatera were presented by Crawford-Cabral (1988) and Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1991). Pavlinov et al. (1990) regarded true Tatera to consist only of the Asian species T. indica, placed all the African species in the genus Gerbilliscus (subgenera Gerbilliscus and Taterona), and identified Taterillus as its closest relative. There are distinctive features separating the Asian from all the African species, but we are unconvinced they are not part of the same monophyletic group and treat them that way by allocating the species among the subgenera Tatera, Taterona, and Gerbilliscus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2D0A36FB38FDF3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Gorongoza Dist., Tambarara.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2D0A36FB38FDF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zimbabwe, Mozambique to NE Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2D0A36FB38FDF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and geographic range summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who listed the species in T. afra group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C091EF89FFBFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, United Prov., between Benares and Hardwar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C091EF89FFBFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: An extensive range from Syria, Iraq, and Kuwait through Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan into most of Indian Peninsula north to the Terai region of S Nepal; also Sri Lanka (see Bates, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C091EF89FFBFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Tatera. Revised by Bates (1988), who recognized three distinctive subspecies. Regional reviews of the species include the segments from Arabian Peninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Iran (Lay, 1967), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and Pakistan (Roberts, 1977). This is the only species that Pavlinov et al. (1990) allocated to the genus Tatera, redefining all African species to the genus Gerbilliscus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C0F25FAEAF999.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Aguleri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C0F25FAEAF999.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal and Guinea (Mt Nimba) to Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF2C0F25FAEAF999.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Bates (1988) listed kempi as a synonym of T. valida. With the exception of Nigeria, no specimens were examined from the range of T. kempi (including the forms synonymized here). Davis (1975 a) also recognized kempi as a subspecies of T. valida, including the same synonyms listed below. Although Rosevear (1969) recognized kempi, hopkinsoni, and welmanni as separate species within West Africa, he commented that hopkinsoni and welmanni were probably only racially distinct. We separate T. kempi from T. valida and provisionally treat hopkinsoni and welmanni as synonyms, pending a critical revision. Chromosomal data were reported from samples collected in Burkina Faso (Gautun et al., 1985, as hopkinsoni) and Mt Nimba in Guinea (Gautun et al., 1986, as either kempi or hopkinsoni).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF130D87FCB9F738.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, north of Zambezi River, Mesuril, (as restricted by Davis, 1949: 1004).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF130D87FCB9F738.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (W Orange Free State, Cape Prov. north of Orange River, NE Natal and Zululand, most of Transvaal; see Skinner and Smithers, 1990), Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, S Angola, SW Tanzania, and S Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF130D87FCB9F738.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who included the species in the T. robusta group. Namibian populations reviewed by Griffin (1990). Nongeographic variation in Botswana sample analyzed by Swanepoel et al. (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1303E6FB25F642.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Taita, Ndi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1303E6FB25F642.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1303E6FB25F642.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1302CCF9BCF531.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Hanka Dadi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1302CCF9BCF531.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia and the Rift Valley in Ethiopia and Kenya (see Bates, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCAFF87FF1302CCF9BCF531.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988). The form minusculus is most probably synonymous with either T. phillipsi or T. robusta (Bates, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40A2EFB48FDB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Ambukol.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40A2EFB48FDB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Burkina Faso, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (see Bates, 1985, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40A2EFB48FDB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40964FB39FC5E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Rio Cuando, Ambaca, Quissange, Caconda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40964FB39FC5E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya to SW Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, and Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEF40964FB39FC5E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988). Allopatric with and closely related to the West African T. kempi (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0D88FA67F842.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mauritania, Trarza Region, Tiguent.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0D88FA67F842.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Sahel savanna and subdesert from Mauritania and through Mali to Niger (see Robbins, 1974); eastern limits unknown although Sicard et al. (1988) believed the species to be confined to the left bank of the Niger River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0D88FA67F842.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Robbins (1974) compared his new species with samples of T. gracilis and T. pygarus. The latter and T. arenarius are sympatric in S Mauritania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0CCCFA9CF766.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Upper Uele (Welle), Poko.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0CCCFA9CF766.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Zaire, Sudan, Uganda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB0CCCFA9CF766.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Assignment of clivosus follows Robbins (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB03A9F9F3F68F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Wadelai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB03A9F9F3F68F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan, W Ethiopia, Uganda, NW Kenya, NE Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FEFB03A9F9F3F68F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allocation of the synonyms to this species follows Robbins (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF85FEFB0293FE49FE72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gambia (see Robbins, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF85FEFB0293FE49FE72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Nigeria, Niger, and Burkina Faso to Gambia and Senegal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF85FEFB0293FE49FE72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data were reported by Gautun et al. (1985) for the sample from Burkina Faso. Rosevear (1969) included angelus in this species, but Sicard et al. (1988) discussed its possible specific status. The form nigeriae was provisionally considered valid by Rosevear (1969) but was referred to a subspecies of T. gracilis by Robbins (1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FF2E08DCFCF4F985.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gerbillus emini Thomas, 1892.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFCBFF86FF2E08DCFCF4F985.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of the tribe Taterillini in the arrangement of Pavlinov et al. (1990). Robbins (1971) proposed a new dental terminology for the genus based on a large sample of T. gracilis, analysed (1973) nongeographic variation drawn from the same sample, and summarized (1977) morphometric and chomosomal differentiation among the seven species that he considered valid (only T. petteri has been added). Chromosomal data were reported for some species by Matthey and Petter (1970). Like many genera of African muroid rodents, Taterillus requires critical systematic revision to determine species definitions and their distributional limits. The species now recognized are morphologically similar to one another, prompting many workers to consider them " sibling " or cryptic species (Sicard et al., 1988). Whether or not such described entities represent species or allopatric segments of a larger interbreeding unit is impossible to assess without further refinement of our present taxonomic understanding of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF4D0C94FDB3F717.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Carleton and Musser (1984) for diagnosis and general characterisitics, as well as other discussion. They also summarized past estimates of relationships, which were generally reflected in arrangement of Lophiomys in its own family or in a subfamily of either Cricetidae or Nesomyidae. Wahlert (1984) allocated Lophiomys and Cricetops to Lophiomyinae and considered this cluster closely related to Cricetinae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF4D0215FBD5F5F8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lophiomys imhausii Milne-Edwards, 1867.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF4D0215FBD5F5F8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest relatives are Microlophiomys vorontsovi from late Miocene of Ukraine (Topacevski and Skorik, 1984), and Cricetops dormitor from middle Oligocene of Mongolia and Kazakhstan (Wahlert, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF190A9EF995FD4A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, east of Lake Turkana (Rudolf), near Mutti Galeb.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF190A9EF995FD4A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, E Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF190A9EF995FD4A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allocation of synonyms to this species follows Robbins (1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1909D4FA8CFC52.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Lake Chad (= Kaddai).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1909D4FA8CFC52.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Nigeria and Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1909D4FA8CFC52.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rosevear (1969) synonymized this with T. gracilis, but both Robbins (1974, 1977) and Petter (1975 b) treated it as a distinct species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1908BFF90EF9DA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), Oudalan Prov., near Oursi Pond; 14 ° 38 ' N, 00 ° 26 ' W (as refined by Sicard et al., 1988: 188).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1908BFF90EF9DA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sahel savannah of E Burkina Faso and W Niger west of Niger River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1908BFF90EF9DA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: As explained by Ansell (1989 a), the availability of petteri should properly date from its first checklist citation (Gautun et al., 1985), not from its later formal description (Sicard et al., 1988). According to Sicard et al. (1988), T. petteri is confined to the loop of the Niger River and is parapatric with T. gracilis, from which it differs in morphology, ecology, biochemistry, and physiology. In the same paper, they stated that petteri may actually be conspecific with angelus (from Gambia), although they acknowledged not examining the holotype of the latter, and they speculated that angelus and lacustris may prove to be the same, but, because the type of the former is young and that of the latter is old, the relationship is difficult to demonstrate. The contribution of petteri to the systematic literature of African gerbils hardly improves the picture of relationships among populations of Taterillus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1A0D44F91FF897.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal, probably St. Louis (as suggested by Robbins, 1977: 191).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1A0D44F91FF897.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia, Senegal, S Mauritania, and W Mali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF85FF1A0D44F91FF897.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cuvier's pygargus was included in Gerbillus pyramidum, but the holotype is an example of Taterillus (Petter et al., 1972; Petter, 1975 b, and references therein). Apparently unaware of Petter's observation, Lay (1983) listed pygargus as a species of Gerbillus known only from the type locality, which he thought was Egypt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF84FF1B0124FB95FD69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia (" Probably from African coast opposite Aden, where it was purchased, " Allen, 1939: 315; also see Thomas, 1910 c: 222).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF84FF1B0124FB95FD69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; from sea level up to 3300 m in Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976), but apparently restricted to mountain forest in Kenya and Uganda (Hollister, 1919; Delany, 1975). Known from Israel by subfossils and may occur in Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC8FF84FF1B0124FB95FD69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomas (1910 c) recognized four species of Lophiomys, but Ellerman (1940: 636) noted that " Thomas evidently came to the conclusion that all the East African ' species' were one, as there is a note in his tracts to this effect. I am inclined to go further and think that until more material comes to hand all forms must be treated as races of the earliest name imhausi. " Ellerman's view prevails today and has yet to be tested by careful taxonomic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FEF4034CFC2AF6CC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Mountain Prov, Mt Data, 7500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FEF4034CFC2AF6CC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by two specimens from Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FEF4034CFC2AF6CC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic, morphological, and ecological data provided by Musser (1982 a). Shown by Musser and Heaney (1992) to be close phylogenetic relative of Tryphomys adustus, another Luzon endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FF2E0CBFF895F7C1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus latidens Sanborn, 1952.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FF2E0CBFF895F7C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Belongs to the Philippine New Endemic cluster (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FF84FF1209CFFDD6F879.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosis, characteristics, and contents of subfamily generally as presented by Carleton and Musser (1984). No general tribal arrangement of genera is available except for provincial groupings (Conilurini and Hydromyini for Australian species [summarized in Watts and Aslin, 1981] and Anisomyini for some New Guinea genera [Lidicker and Brylski, 1987]). Acomys and Uranomys would be excluded from the subfamily by some (see those accounts). Comparative chromosomal data provided in phylogenetic framework and other contexts for European species by Zima and Kràl (1984 a), for some Asian groups by Markvong et al. (1973), Raman and Sharma (1977), Gadi and Sharma (1983), and Cao and Tran (1984), for African species by Robbins and Baker (1978), for Australian forms by Baverstock et al. (1977 c-e, 1983 a, b), for New Guinea species by Donnellan (1987), and for murines in general by ViegasPequignot et al. (1983, 1985, 1986). Phylogenetic relationships among Australian species based on biochemical results reported by Baverstock et al. (1977 a, b, 1980) and Watts et al. (1992), those among other species reported by Iskandar and Bonhomme (1984) and Bonhomme et al. (1985). DNA-DNA hybridization results reported in phylogenetic context by Catzeflis (1990) and Catzeflis et al. (1987). Amplification of DNA (LI) in relationship to murine divergence from other muroids reported by Pascale et al. (1990). Comparative data on hair morphology (Keogh, 1985), soft palate topography (Eisentraut, 1969 a; Foiling, 1992), and digestive system anatomy (Perrin and Curtis, 1980) provided results for phylogenetic analyses. The discrepency between the relativley rapid divergence of murine taxa as revealed by fossils and the much slower rates indicated by molecular data is reconciled by Jaeger et al. (1986) by postulating accelerated rates of evolution for certain proteins and a higher rate of nucleotide substitution in murines than ordinarily seen in other eutherians.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FFFBFF2E026BF9B0FCB9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus cahirinus Desmarest, 1819.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFC9FFFBFF2E026BF9B0FCB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Except for a brief list of species and subspecies made by Setzer (1975), the partial reviews by Matthey (1965 a, b, 1968) based on chromosomal data, by Petter (1983) using morphology, by Janecek et al. (1991) that incorporated genic data, and the regional systematic revision by Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986), no systematic revision of Acomys is available. Even the inclusion of Acomys within Murinae is questioned. Morphological evidence has been used to support a close relationship to Mus (see Jacobs, 1978) and Uranomys (see Hinton, 1921; Misonne, 1969), but reproductive biology of Acomys is special among murines (Dieterlen, 1961, 1962, 1963), and biochemical data suggested Acomys is not closely related to Mus but to Uranomys, and is either distantly related to murines or not even a member of the subfamily (Bonhomme et al., 1985; Pascale et al., 1990; Sarich, 1985; Wilson et al., 1987). Dental evidence links Acomys, Uranomys, and Lophuromys to the exclusion of all other extant African muroids (Denys and Michaux, 1992). According to Denys (1990), Acomys is at least 4.5 million years old and not recently evolved, and careful comparisons between Acomys and primitive murines as well as muroids in general are necessary to determine phylogenetic position of genus. Extant species are sorted into two subgenera (Acomys and Peracomys), but these groupings require reassesment by systematic revision of genus. Chromosomal data were summarized by Volobouev et al. (1991) and Sokolov et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0867FBD0FA22.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Cairo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0867FBD0FA22.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Sahara to Egypt (including Sinai), N Nigeria, N Ethiopia, N Sudan, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Oman, Saudi Arabia, S Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0867FBD0FA22.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Synonyms have either been treated as separate species, or as subspecies or synonyms of either A. cahirinus or A. dimidiatus (Ellerman, 1941; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Petter, 1983; Setzer, 1975). The cahirinus-dimidiatus complex needs critical systematic revision and may consist of several morphologically similar species (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Petter, 1983). Benazzou (1983), for example, recognized chudeaui as a species, and Le Berre and Le Guelte (1990) listed airensis and chudeaui as separate species. Chromosomal data reported by Tranier (1975, under A. airensis), Al-Saleh (1988), Volobouev et al. (1991, under A. dimidiatus), and Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2D0EEAFA45F963.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Asiatic Turkey, Vii Mersin, 17 km E Silifke.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2D0EEAFA45F963.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2D0EEAFA45F963.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Corbet (1984) commented on this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0DAFFAAEF76D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: WC Sudan, Doka, E Sennaar (Allen, 1939: 364).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0DAFFAAEF76D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From N Ghana and Burkina Faso through N Togo, N Benin, S Niger, and N Nigeria to C and S Sudan, N Uganda, and C and S Ethiopia (specimens in the National Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E0DAFFAAEF76D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Dieterlen (in litt.) noted that A. cineraceus is a distinct species and one of four (A. wilsoni, A. percivali, and A. cahirinus) occurring in Sudan. Petter (1983) recognized witherbyi as a species, and reported that it coexists with a member of the cahirinus-dimidiatus complex in Sudan. In morphology, A. cineraceus is closely similar to A. kempi; systematic revision would reveal whether each is a species, or simply represents a population of one species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E03B0F942F5A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Voi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E03B0F942F5A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Usambara Mtns in NE Tanzania (specimens in Field Museum of Natural History), and Kenya; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFBFF2E03B0F942F5A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Petter (1983) recognized ignitus as a valid species, clashing with Setzer (1975), who regarded it as part of A. dimidiatus. Petter's action reflects reality, reinforcing Hollister (1919) and Ellerman (1941), who recognized ignitus as a distinct species, but associated the names pulchellus, kempi, and nwntanus with it either as subspecies or direct synonyms. Janecek et al. (1991) considered ignitus distinct and phylogenetically closely related to A. cahirinus, based on genic data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFAFF2D016AFB4CFD30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Chanler Falls, N Guaso Nyiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFAFF2D016AFB4CFD30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Somalia, Kenya and NE Tanzania (samples in the Field Museum of Natural History and the National Museum of Natural History); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB6FFFAFF2D016AFB4CFD30.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Originally described by Dollman as a subspecies of A. ignitus and listed that way by Ellerman (1941) and Hollister (1919), but considered a subspecies of A. cahirinus by Setzer (1975). Treated as a species by Janecek et al. (1991) with closest evolutionary ties to A. cahirinus. The morphological characteristics and geographic range of kempi may represent the estern segment of A. cineraceus. Hollister (1919) correctly explained why pulchellus is a synonym of A. kempi; we include montanus based on our studies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFD09DDF8C7FC27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, 40 mi south of Berbera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFD09DDF8C7FC27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFD09DDF8C7FC27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Peracomys. Considered distinct, and the type-species of subgenus Peracomys, by Petter and Roche (1981). Petter (1983) included umbratus in the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC08EFFD92FB48.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Greece, Crete Isl, Kanea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC08EFFD92FB48.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Crete (Greece).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC08EFFD92FB48.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Treated as a species by Dieterlen (1978 «) and Corbet and Hill (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0FD4FAAFF936.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0FD4FAAFF936.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia and Somalia; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0FD4FAAFF936.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Petter (1983) recognized brockmani as a valid species, suggesting it might be referable to mullah, which is the older name. These two forms are characterized by large molar rows, also diagnostic of lowei, which Petter implicitly associated with both mullah and brockmani as species. Ellerman (1941) also recognized mullah and brockmani as species, but Setzer (1975) arranged lowei as a subspecies of A. cahirinus, Dieterlen (in litt.) treated it as a synonym of A. cineraceus, and Setzer (1975) treated mullah and brockmani as subspecies of A. dimidiatus. Yalden et al. (1976) listed mullah as a synonym of A. cahirinus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0DDBFD6EF82B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cyrus, Kernyia Hills, near Dikomo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0DDBFD6EF82B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cyprus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEFC0DDBFD6EF82B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Listed as a subspecies of A. dimidiatus by Ellerman (1941) and included in A. cahirinus by Corbet (1978 c), but treated as a distinct species by Spitzenberger (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEE30CF6F93FF697.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Chanler Falls, Nyiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEE30CF6F93FF697.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Sudan (E of White Nile), Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and S Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFFAFEE30CF6F93FF697.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Treated as a synonym of kempi, which in turn was included within A. cahirinus by Setzer (1975). However, Hollister (1919) treated percivali as a species based on many specimens, as did Ellerman (1941). Both Matthey (1968) and Hubert (1978 b) identified specimens from Ethiopia as A. percivali. Petter (1983) acknowledged the specific status of percivali as did Neal (1983). Janecek et al. (1991) regarded percivali as the species genically most closely related to A. wilsoni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFF9FEE2027AFA44FE8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Sinai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFF9FEE2027AFA44FE8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Egypt, Sinai, Jordan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB7FFF9FEE2027AFA44FE8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Qumsiyeh et al. (1986) retained lewisi as a species because although the karyotype of a sample from Jordan was indistinguishable from that of A. russatus, fur color and bacular morphology of lewisi was distinctive (Atallah, 1967). However, based on morphological evidence, lewisi was included in A. russatus by Corbet (1978 c), Osborn and Helmy (1980), and Harrison and Bates (1991). This allocation was also supported by genic data (Janecek et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140A91FBB3FCC4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Tette and Buio.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140A91FBB3FCC4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Tanzania (Amani; series in the National Museum of Natural History) and EC Tanzania, (Kilosa and Morogoro regions; series in the Field Museum of Natural History), SE Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, E and SE Botswana, C Mozambique, and N and NW South Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140A91FBB3FCC4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Revised by Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986). Interpretation of genic data indicated A. spinosissimus should be placed in a species-group separate from other Acomys (Janecek et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140856FE4BFB81.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140856FE4BFB81.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; restricted to S and SW Cape Prov. (Dippenaar and Rautenbach, 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF140856FE4BFB81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Revised by Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986). Should be in a species-group by itself, according to the results of genic analyses by Janecek et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF150F8FFA3FF9A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mombasa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF150F8FFA3FF9A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Sudan, S Ethiopia, S Somalia, Kenya, and south to EC Tanzania (Kondoa; specimens in the American Museum of Natural History); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF150F8FFA3FF9A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Acomys. Formerly included in subspinosus by Setzer (1975) but considered a species by Hollister (1919), Ellerman (1941), Matthey (1968), Yalden et al. (1976), Rupp (1980), Petter and Roche (1981), Petter (1983), and Corbet and Hill (1991). Genically most similar to A. percivali (Janecek et al., 1991). Specimens of nubilus are larger and longer-tailed than wilsoni and may represent a separate species; de Beaux's (1934) description of boronei recalls nubilus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF16033AF993F713.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Pungo Andongo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF16033AF993F713.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from C and W Angola; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF16033AF993F713.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology is very similar to A. silindensis (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF1503F1FDE8F51B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Mazoe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF1503F1FDE8F51B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From SE Kenya south through Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and E Botswana into South Africa, Namibia, and north into S Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF1503F1FDE8F51B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Data from chromosomes (Gordon and Rautenbach, 1980; Visser and Robinson, 1986) and spermatozoal morphology (Gordon and Watson, 1986; Visser and Robinson, 1987) indicated that populations now identified as A. chrysophilus consist of two species: chrysophilus itself and another species not yet identified by scientific name. The segment occuring in southern African subregion reviewed by Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF480D84F909F7D0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Epimys hindei Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB4FFF9FF480D84F909F7D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genus uncritically reviewed by Ellerman (1941), more fully by Davis (1975 b), and still requires careful systematic revision to understand specific diversity, geographic distributions, and phylogenetic relationships of the genus with other African murines. Micaelamys is traditionally used as a subgenus for A. granti and A. namaquensis, but the characters separating them from other species in Aethomys are no more significant than the traits distinguishing those other species. Chromosomal data for various species provided by Matthey (1964) and Baker et al. (1988 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF80A20F88CFDBA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Deelfontein.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF80A20F88CFDBA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, known only from SC Cape Prov. (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 279).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF80A20F88CFDBA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Meester et al. (1986: 292) provided historical taxonomic allocations of granti, which ranged from Myomys, through Rattus and Mastomys to Aethomys. Reviewed and compared with A. namaquensis, its closest relative, by Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF90966F9E8FB8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Machakos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF90966F9E8FB8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Camaroon, N and NE Zaire, S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (no farther south than Muanza); southern limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEF90966F9E8FB8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species but later incorrectly arranged as a subspecies of A. kaiseri (e. g., Hollister, 1919; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951) with which it is sympatric. Actual geographic range of A. hindei is unresolved because many series in museum collections and reported in the literature are misidentified as A. kaiseri. See Bekele and Schütter (1989) for discussion of the Ethiopian record. Davis (19756) recognized two discrete populations, one to the east of the Rift Valley, and one to the west. The complex requires revisionary study to determine significance of appreciable geographic variation in morphological traits among samples.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0F91FAB5FA44.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Marungu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0F91FAB5FA44.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Uganda, S Kenya, Rwanda, S and E Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and E Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0F91FAB5FA44.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Significance of the morphological variation among samples from different regions needs to be assessed by a systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0ED6FC51F837.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Namaqualand, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0ED6FC51F837.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, South Africa (except parts of Cape Prov., coastal Natal, and Namib Desert), Botswana, Zimbabwe, S and C Mozambique, S Malawi, and SE Zambia (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 278).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFA0ED6FC51F837.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Significance of the appreciable variation in body size and pelage coloration among geographic samples needs to be assessed by systematic revision to determine whether that variation reflects one or more species. Reviewed by Meester et al. (1986) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB0CDBF996F6A1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Malawi, Nyika Plateau.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB0CDBF996F6A1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Zambia, Malawi, N Angola, and S Zaire; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB0CDBF996F6A1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Delany (1975) considered nyikae to be a synonym of kaiseri, but Davis (19756) and Ansell (1978) correctly treated it as a separate species. Ansell (1978) provided documentation for the geographic range and discussed the identity of dollmani. The published record from Eastern Ngorima Reserve in E Zimbabwe is possibly based on a misidentification as inferred by Skinner and Smithers (1990: 280).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB026FF9F1F546.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Zimbabwe, Mt Silinda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB026FF9F1F546.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zimbabwe (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 277).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB5FFF8FEFB026FF9F1F546.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For more than 30 years known only by two specimens from the type locality, but samples are now recorded from the nearby Ngorima Reserve in Melsetter Dist. and Stapleford in Umtali Dist, and the species may also occur in adjacent parts of Mozambique (Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Particular derived external, cranial, and dental traits phylogenetically tie A. silindensis to the Angolan A. bocagei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1F0A29FB1FFDDB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Nigeria, Bauchi Prov., Kabwir.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1F0A29FB1FFDDB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Nigeria to W Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1F0A29FB1FFDDB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A West African endemic that was included in A. hindei by Davis (1975 b), but was correctly treated as a distinct species by Ellerman (1941: 145), Rosevear (1969: 389), and Hutterer and Joger (1982: 126).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1E0944FD71FCC4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Galanga.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1E0944FD71FCC4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and C Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF1E0944FD71FCC4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species related to A. kaiseri. Distribution of A. thomasi is mostly parapatric with A. kaiseri although Crawford-Cabral (1986) suspected it overlaps in the central highlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180FA6FB56FA9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Aroa River, Avera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180FA6FB56FA9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forested mountain backbone of mainland New Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180FA6FB56FA9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Flannery (1990 b) provided a description of the species and a distribution map. Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF310862FD12FB74.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Anisomys imitator Thomas, 1904.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF310862FD12FB74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lidicker (1968) documented phallic morphology of Anisomys and other New Guinea endemic murines, and concluded that the phallic morphology of Anisomys retained a high proportion of ancestral states. Used as the type genus of Tribe Anisomyini by Lidicker and Brylski (1987). Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180D05FD73F90E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindoro Isl, Halcon Range, Hong Peak, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180D05FD73F90E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF180D05FD73F90E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An endemic of Mindoro Island phylogenetically more closely related to native Sundaic murines than to any Philippine endemic (Musser and Heaney, 1992; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFFFF320E9DFB1BFA18.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Anonymomys mindorensis Musser, 1981.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFEFF330C2CFB20FCB4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus agrarius Pallas, 1771.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB2FFFEFF330C2CFB20FCB4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Palaearctic species reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984) and Kobayashi (1985), Chinese species by Xia (1984, 1985). Recognized species have been allocated among the subgenera Apodemus, Sylvaemus, Alsomys, and Karstomys (Corbet, 1978 c; Zimmermann, 1962) but whether these names designate monophyletic clusters and should be retained as subgenera or instead raised to generic rank remains to be answered by critical systematic revision of the entire group, which is currently unavailable. Most taxonomists recognize at least the subgeneric validity of Apodemus and Sylvaemus; some suggest Sylvaemus should be raised to generic rank because of its great morphological and genic divergence from Apodemus (Britton-Davidian et al., 1991; Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991); others treat Sylvaemus as a separate genus (Bonhomme et al., 1985; Mezhzherin and Lashkova, 1992). Phallic morphological comparisons among five European species provided by Williams et al. (1980) and among Chinese species documented by Yang and Fang (1988). Taxonomic differences in testes size among European species documented by Kratochvil (1971). Comparative chromosomal studies among European species provided by Soldatovic et al. (1975), Bekasova et al. (1980), and Vujosevic et al. (1984); chromosomal contrasts among Japanese species presented by Tsuchiya (1981). Electrophoretic variations of enzymes among species of Apodemus documented by Darviche et al. (1979, and references cited therein), Gemmeke (1980), Gill et al. (1987), and Fraguedakis-Tsolis (1983) in systematic context; electrophoretic, karyological, and morphological distinctions among several species reported by Vorontsov et al. (1989) and Britton-Davidian et al. (1991). Differences in restriction endonuclease of nuclear DNA from three Austrian species reported by Csaikl et al. (1990). DNA-DNA hybridization results from analyses of three species presented by Catzeflis et al. (1987) and Catzeflis (1990). Numerous taxonomic provincial studies described morphological and other distinctions among sympatric species of Apodemus; examples are the study of five species from Bulgaria by Popov (1981), three species from Poland by Ruprecht (1979), and two species from Korea by Koh (1988) and Park et al. (1990). Vorontsov et al. (1989) described the presence of five species in the Caucasus, some of which were distinguished only by biochemical traits; Vorontsov et al. (1992) recently identified and defined four species from there. Tchernov (1979) reported on polymorphism, size trends and Pleistocene paleoclimatic responses of three Israeli species in an evolutionary context.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00866F8B6FA23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Ulianovsk Obi, middle Volga River, Ulianovsk (formerly Simbirsk).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00866F8B6FA23.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Europe to Lake Baikal, south to Thrace, Caucasus, and Tien Shan Mtns; Amur River through Korea to E Xizang and E Yunnan, W Sichuan, Fujiau, and Taiwan (China); Quelpart Isl (Korea).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00866F8B6FA23.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Apodemus. Karyological data reported by Kang and Koh (1976), Koh (1982), and Lungeanu et al. (1986). Chromatic, morphological, and biochemical information presented by Wang (1985 b), Zhao and Lu (1986), and Liu et al. (1991) in context of subspecific relationships. Age and Geographic variation in Korean, Polish, and Yugolavian populations as reflected by results of morphometric analyses documented by Sikorski (1982), Koh (1983, 1991), and Krystufek (1985 b). European and Palaearctic populations reviewed by Böhme (1978 b) and Karaseva et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00EEFF9C3F8C7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Allgäu, Osterachtal, S Germany.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00EEFF9C3F8C7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW parts of the Alps: S Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and N Italy.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00EEFF9C3F8C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Reviewed by Storch and Lütt (1989) who noted that S. alpicola occured syntopically with A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis. The specific integrity of alpicola was biochemically confirmed by Vogel et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00C48FA2DF660.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00C48FA2DF660.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Japan; the four main islands along with some of the smaller ones (Corbet, 1978 c: 136).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFEFEF00C48FA2DF660.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys, but subgeneric allocation was questioned by Corbet (1978 c: 136). Because the type-series of Mus argenteus Temminck, 1844 is composite, a lectotype was chosen by Smeenk et al. (1982), which stabilizes the name of this species. Year of publication of argenteus is usually listed as 1845 but description appeared in 1844 (Smeenk et al., 1982). Electrophoretic analyses of 17 enzymes reported by Saitoh et al. (1989) in context of biochemical systematics of Japanese Apodemus. Chromosomal and morphometric comparisons between A. argenteus and other Japanese Apodemus reviewed by Vorontsov et al. (1977 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFDFEF002AAFBC9FDC1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Persia (Iran), Kohrud.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFDFEF002AAFBC9FDC1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From N Iran west through Iraq to Lebanon and N Israel (see Harrison and Bates, 1991); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB3FFFDFEF002AAFBC9FDC1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Usually listed as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: Harrison and Bates, 1991), we separate it on the basis of its distinctive pelage and smaller body size. Both arianus and a larger, darker form (possibly wardi) occur in N Iran, although Lay (1967: 186) considered them ecological subspecies. The relationship between arianus, wardi, and the small A. uralensis requires taxonomic resolution. A. arianus may be the species represented by the sample from Qazvin, N Iraq, that Darviche et al. (1979) separated electrophoretically from A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis, but still considered closer to the latter. Vorontsov et al. (1992) included arianus in A. uralensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF16094AFAD4FC33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Moupin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF16094AFAD4FC33.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W China, from W Hubei and S Gansu south through Sichuan into N and C Yunnan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF16094AFAD4FC33.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Apodemus. Included in A. agrarius by Allen (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978 c), but was earlier correctly listed as a species by Ellerman (1941: 102). Currently recognized as a species distinct from A. agrarius by Xia (1984), Wang (1985 b), and Yang and Fang (1988). Sympatric with A. agrarius in Sichuan and Ghizhou provinces (Wang, 1985 b; Xia, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF1608DFFC8BFA8B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S China, NW Fujian, Kuatun.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF1608DFFC8BFA8B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China (Hebei, SW Fujian, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ninxia, Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xixang), Burma, and India (Assam).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF1608DFFC8BFA8B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. Originally described as a subspecies of sylvaticus, and listed that way by Allen (1940: 945) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 571), but correctly listed as a separate species by Ellerman (1941: 101), Corbet (1978 c: 137), Corbet and Hill (1991), and Xia (1985), who also noted the close relationship between A. draco and A. argenteus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160E89F9C4F8C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Denmark, Sieland Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160E89F9C4F8C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: England and Wales, from NW Spain, France, Denmark, S Scandinavia through European Russia to Urals, S Italy, the Balkans, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel (Corbet, 1978 c: 134); also Netherlands (Van der Straeten, 1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160E89F9C4F8C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. B chromosome polymorphism among populations reported by Vujosevic et al. (1991). European populations reviewed by Niethammer (1978 b). Syrian, Lebanese, and Israeli populations should be re-examined to see if they represent A. fulvipectus, or another species, rather than A. flavicollis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF170C4FFC54F69B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, N Caucasus, Dusheti Dist., near Kobi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF170C4FFC54F69B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From E of the Dnepr River in the Ukraine, the Crimea, through Russia into the N Caucasus, Trancaucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and Azervaijan) and possibly in N Turkey, N Iran, and east to Kopet-Dag Mts (Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF170C4FFC54F69B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk (1989) described falzfeini as a species, which O. Rossolimo (in litt.) considered to be the same as A. fulvipectus. Subsequent results from genetic studies led Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991) to treat falzfeini as identical with chorassanicus, which was originally described as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus. Vorontsov et al. (1992) recognized fulvipectus as the oldest name for this species; it was one of the electrophoretic siblings in the Caucasus revealed by Vorontsov et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160279FC51F56D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Gorkha, Laprak.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160279FC51F56D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFDFF160279FC51F56D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. Reviewed and contrasted with A. sylvaticus by Martens and Niethammer (1972). Chromosomal data reported and contrasted with other Apodemus by Gemmeke and Niethammer (1983). Also listed as a distinct species by Corbet (1978 c) and Corbet and Hill (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFCFF1601BEF89CFDF3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mt Hermon, Israel.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFCFF1601BEF89CFDF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alpine " tragacanthic " belt at about 2000 m on Mt Hermon, but may also occur in Lebanon (Filippucci et al., 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB0FFFCFF1601BEF89CFDF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Morphologically and genetically closely related to A. flavicollis, which it displaces on Mt Hermon (and possibly also Lebanon and Antilebanon mountain ranges) at elevations above 1900 m (Filippucci et al., 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFEF20913FA45FC91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Astarinski (R-NO), Hirkauski Preserve, " Piavolil " Dist., 450 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFEF20913FA45FC91.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Caucasus (see map in Vorontsov et al., 1992: 124) where it is apparently endemic in the low mountain broadleaf forests of the Talysh region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFEF20913FA45FC91.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Apodemus hyrcanicus, along with A. uralensis, A. fulvipectus, and A. ponticus, are all found in the Caucasus and have recently been revised by Vorontsov et al. (1992) using chromosomal, biochemical, and morphological characters.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0C087FF8AEFBB5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Szechwan, Tatsienlu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0C087FF8AEFBB5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China (E Xizang, Sichuan, Yunnan) and N Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0C087FF8AEFBB5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. Treated as a subspecies of A. draco by Feng et al. (1986), but latronum is a separate species that is sympatric with draco in Sichuan (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0F58FBB6F9DB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Adana Prov., Bulgar Dagh Mt, Zebil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0F58FBB6F9DB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Europe, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Iraq, NW Iran, S Georgia in Caucasus, Rhodes, Crete, and other inshore Aegean isls, and N Arabia (Corbet, 1978 c; Niethammer, 1978 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0F58FBB6F9DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Karstomys. Reviewed by Storch (1977) and Niethammer (1978 a), who included krkensis as a subspecies; that form, however, is a color phase of A. sylvaticus (see that account). The Arabian portion of its range includes the form named pohlei (Harrison and Bates, 1991). Vorontsov et al. (1989) provided chromosomal data in context of defining species in Caucasia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0D47FA6BF6C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Korea, 110 m SE of Seoul, Mingyoung.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0D47FA6BF6C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Siberia from NE China (Xinjiang) and Altai Mtns to Ussuri, south through NE China and Korea, and E Mongolia to SW China (Sichuan and E Xizang); also on N Japanese islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFFCFF0D0D47FA6BF6C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. The Chinese qinghaiensis was described as a subspecies (Feng et al., 1983). Results of B-chromosomal analyses and references to chromosomal studies of A. peninsulae provided by Kolomiets et al. (1988) and Borisov and Malygin (1991). Biochemical systematics in reference to A. speciosus and the Hokkaido giliacus reported by Saitoh et al. (1989), who also reviewed the contrasting treatment of giliacus as either a subspecies of A. peninsulae or a separate species, and its bigeographical implications. Corbet (1978 c) listed nigritalus as a synonym of A. sylvaticus, but the holotype is A. peninsulae (also see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987: 221). A. peninsulae nigritalus is sympatric with the smaller-bodied A. uralensis tscherga in the Altai region, which Hollister had noted (but under different names) in 1913 b (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 567). Placed in subgenus Apodemus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFF3FF0F024EFAFEFDF9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Caucasus, Chernomorski Dist., (Black Sea) Olgino Village.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFF3FF0F024EFAFEFDF9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From shore of Azov Sea through Ciscaucasia, south through Caucasus into Armenia, E Turkey, Iraq, and possibly NW Iran; limits unknown. Parts of the Russian distribution were mapped by Vereshchagin (1967; as fulvipectus), Mezhzherin (1991), and Vorontsov et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB1FFF3FF0F024EFAFEFDF9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. The names above have been associated with A. flavicollis (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Harrison and Bates, 1991), but they identify samples of A. ponticus which is a distinct species (Bobrinskii et al., 1944; Mezhzherin, 1991; O. Rossolimo, in litt.; Vereshchagin, 1967: 510; Vorontsov et al., 1992). True flavicollis does not occur in the Caucasus and parts of the M East. The names argyropuli Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, and argyropuloi Heptner, 1948 (see Harrison and Bates, 1991) were proposed to replace parvus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1B0924FC70FC6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N India, C Kashmir.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1B0924FC70FC6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N India (Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Kumaun); range limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1B0924FC70FC6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Miller's rusiges was a renaming of True's griseus (see Ellerman, 1941: 100). Listed as a subspecies of A. flavicollis by Ellerman (1941, 1961) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus by Corbet (1978 c), the long-tailed and distinctively patterned rusiges appears to be a separate species endemic to N India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1408B7FE4FFB8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1408B7FE4FFB8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF1408B7FE4FFB8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. Closely related in morphology to mainland A. draco (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF140F91FE49F8C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF140F91FE49F8C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to four primary islands and smaller islands of Japan (see map in Tsuchiya, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF3FF140F91FE49F8C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. Sympatric with A. peninsulae on Hokkaido. The citation is usually cited as 1845, but was published in 1844; see Holthuis and Sakai (1970). Some of the names (ainu, navigator, and miyakensis) have been listed as species (Vorontsov et al., 1977 «; also discussion in Corbet, 1978 c), but we follow Corbet (1978 c) in recognizing only one species. This action was also reflected by Tsuchiya (1974), as he divided the names into two groups of A. speciosus based on biochemical and chromosomal evidence. Saitoh et al. (1989) provided additional biochemical information in context of systematic comparisons among Japanese Apodemus. Placed in subgenus Apodemus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF2FF150C4CFB9CFCF3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF2FF150C4CFB9CFCF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe north to Scandinavia and east to NW Ukraine and N Byelorussia, and on many islands (Iceland, Britain, Ireland, numerous nearby isls, most Mediterranean isls); see map in Niethammer (1978 c: 341). Also mountains of N Africa from Atlas Mtns in Morocco east across Algiers to Tunisia (see map in Kock and Felton, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBEFFF2FF150C4CFB9CFCF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. The geographic range as outlined here is primarily European and N African. Its occurrence as mapped by Corbet (1978 c) east of Byelorussia and W Ukraine reflects ranges of other species (uralensis, fulvipectus, arianus, wardi, rusiges) once included within A. sylvaticus. Contrary to published records, A. sylvaticus is not part of the modern Israeli fauna (Filippucci et al., 1989), but is represented there by fossils from between 40,000 and 10,000 B. C. (Tchernov, 1979). The Arabian Peninsula record at Qatar is based on Mus (Kock and Nader, 1990). Biochemical (Byrne et al., 1990; Fernandes et al., 1991; Gemmeke, 1981) and morphometric (Alcantara, 1991; Murback, 1979) intrapopulational analyses provided results of differentiation within species and change in its evolutionary history (see Berry, 1973, and references therein), as well as insular gigantism (Libois and Fons, 1990). Morphometric contrasts between A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis in context of evolutionary divergence reported by Hedges (1969), Mezhzherin and Lashkova (1992) and Van der Straeten and Van der Straeten-Harrie (1977); chromosomal and biochemical (mtDNA) contrasts by Debrot and Mermod (1977), Hirning et al. (1989) and Tegelstrom and Jaarola (1989). European populations (virtually entire species) reviewed by Niethammer (1978 c). North African populations reviewed by Kock and Felten (1980) and Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991); the latter also point out that algirus Pomel, 1856 and chamaeropsis Loche, 1867 may refer to species of Mus or Gerbillus. Conspecificity of krkensis with A. sylvaticus was documented by Williams et al. (1980) and Dolan and Yates (1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FEF3081FFCEFF95C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, S Ural Mts.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FEF3081FFCEFF95C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From E Europe and Turkey (see map in Steiner, 1978, under A. microps) east to the Altai Mts and NW China (Xinjiang), south into the Caucasus; S and E limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FEF3081FFCEFF95C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Listed as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), who also noted that Kuznetzov (in Bobrinskii et al., 1944) had already suspected that the Altai tscherga and uralensis refered to the same species. This identity, including those of most of the synonyms, is documented by biochemical and morphological results (Mezhzherin and Mikhailenko, 1991; Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991). Gemmeke (1983) and Vorontsov et al. (1989, 1992) also provided chromosomal and biochemical information (under microps), and Tvrtkovic and Dzukic (1977) provided morphological data in context of distinguishing species of Apodemus. Ma et al. (1987) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) treated tscherga as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus, but Corbet (1978 c) listed it under A. peninsulae. The NW Chinese nankiangensis was described as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (see Corbet, 1984; Ma et al., 1987); we provisionally include it and three of the other synonyms (pallidus, balchaschensis, and pallipes) pending a systematic revision of E Russian, Middle Eastern, and W Chinese Apodemus. E European populations reviewed by Steiner (1978, under microps).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FF0C0DCFFD4AF67C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N India, Kashmir, Ladakh, Saspul.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FF0C0DCFFD4AF67C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Nepal (Martens and Niethammer, 1972) through Kashmir, N Pakistan, and Afghanistan (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) to NW Iran; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF2FF0C0DCFFD4AF67C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Sylvaemus. Originally described as a subspecies of sylvaticus, then listed as a subspecies of A. flavicollis by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), arranged as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus by Corbet (1978 c), and suspected to be a different species than the latter by Gemmeke and Niethammer (1982) based on biochemical analyses of Nepalese and Iranian samples (which were documented by Darviche et al, 1979). The form bushengensis from SW Xizang (Tibet) was described as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (Feng et al., 1986), and we allocate it to wardi pending a revision of the W Chinese, N Indian, and E Russian Apodemus. The relationship between this species, A. peninsulae, A. uralensis, and European A. sylvaticus requires better definition. Marshall (in press) identifies the holotype of sublimis Blanford, 1879, from Ladakh, as an example of wardi; if correct, sublimis may be the oldest name for this entity.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF1FF2602BAFA45FE8E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Apomys hylocoetes Mearns, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBFFFF1FF2602BAFA45FE8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: At one time included in Rattus, but is a distinct genus and forms a monophyletic group of its own within the assemblage of Philippine Old Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Taxonomic history of the genus and preliminary systematic revision provided by Musser (19826); additional taxonomic notes and phylogenetic relationships outlined by Musser and Heaney (1992). Undescribed species recorded from Negros and Sibuyan islands (Musser and Heaney, 1992); actual distribution in archipelago and number of species still unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070A93F920FDCA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Abra Prov, Abra, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070A93F920FDCA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from middle and high elevations on Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070A93F920FDCA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within the " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070954FA71FCEC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Lepanto.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070954FA71FCEC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from W highlands in N Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF070954FA71FCEC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The sole member of " Apomys datae Group " (Musser, 1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF00083EF9E3FBF6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Mt Apo, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF00083EF9E3FBF6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 6000 - 7600 ft on Mindanao.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF00083EF9E3FBF6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010F18F9E3FAE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, S Mindanao Isl, Mt Apo, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010F18F9E3FAE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from middle to high elevations on Mindanao (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010F18F9E3FAE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010E29F9FCF9D4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Bugasan, Cotabato, 50 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010E29F9FCF9D4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly recorded from Negros and Mindanao (Musser, 1982 b), but revised view excludes it from Negros, and records it from lowlands of Mindanao, Bohol, Biliran, Dinagat, and Leyte (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF010E29F9FCF9D4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF000D46F9FCF8C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Cataduanes Isl, Biga.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF000D46F9FCF8C4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cataduanes and lowlands of S Luzon (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Formerly and incorrectly thought to also occur on Leyte and Dinagat (Musser, 1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF000D46F9FCF8C4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020C56F9FDF805.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Benguet, Baguio, Camp John Hay, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020C56F9FDF805.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Luzon and Mindoro, Philippines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020C56F9FDF805.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020308F9FDF740.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Pampanga Prov, Sacobia River, Clark Air Base.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020308F9FDF740.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF020308F9FDF740.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included within " Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group " by Musser (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF3403D9FE46F626.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Archboldomys luzonensis Musser, 1982.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF1FF3403D9FE46F626.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Philippine Old Endemics most closely related to Crunomys; nature of relationship of this monophyletic group formed by Archboldomys and Crunomys to other Philippine shrew rats presently unresolvable (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF0FF0202E9F88DFE55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, SE Luzon Isl, Camarines Sur Prov, Mt Isarog, 6560 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF0FF0202E9F88DFE55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from montane habitat on Mt Isarog in SE peninsula of Luzon (Rickart et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBCFFF0FF0202E9F88DFE55.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological descriptions and comparisons with Crunomys and Sulawesi shrew rats provided by Musser (1982 c). Elevational and ecologial notes in Rickart et al., 1991). Most closely related to Philippine Crunomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEFB0E04FA73F6E5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Simien Prov., Simien Mtns, Entschetqab (see Osgood, 1936: 252).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEFB0E04FA73F6E5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, between 1300 - 3400 m (Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEFB0E04FA73F6E5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An Ethiopian endemic and morphologically distinctive species whose closest relative is A. blicki, another Ethiopian endemic. Historically the species was perceived to embrace forms occurring from Ethiopia south to Zambia (Allen, 1939; Dollman, 1911; Ellerman, 1941), but Osgood (1936: 252) discussed several of abyssinicus's diagnostic features, noting that it " is not unlikely that it is confined to Ethiopia and at least some of the forms of Kenya and Uganda which have been associated with it will need other allocation. " This view has been reinforced by morphometric analyses (Rousseau, 1983), and our examination of specimens. Arvicanthis abyssinicus and A. blicki are the only species of Arvicanthis endemic to Ethiopia, both are part of middle and high altitude grassland and moorland endemic mammal faunas of Ethiopia (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988), and both are more closely related to each other than to any other species of the genus. Arvicanthis niloticus and A. somalicus also occur in Ethiopia (see those accounts), but their ranges also extend far beyond that country's boundaries. Rousseau (1983) regarded mearnsi, described as a subspecies of A. abyssinicus by Frick (1914), to also be a subspecies of A. abyssinicus, but its qualitative dental and chromatic characteristics fall within the range of variation seen in A. niloticus, as Osgood (1936) and Yalden et al. (1976) noted (discussed by them under either lacernatus or dembeensis). Chromosomal data reported by Orlov et al. (1992) within the context of studying chromosomal variation among Ethiopian samples of Arvicanthis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEF40229FA49F53E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, South Chilalo Mtns, Hora Mt base camp, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEF40229FA49F53E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; between 2750 and 3500 m from plateau on E side of Ethiopian Rift Valley (Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FEF40229FA49F53E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An Ethiopian endemic that is a characteristic diurnal member of Afro-Alpine moorland zone above 3500 m (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988; Yalden et al., 1976). In morphology, ecological and geographic distributions, and habits, A. blicki is a very distinctive species, as recognized by Dorst (1972) that, judged by similarities in molar topography and dorsal fur patterning, is more closely related to A. abyssinicus than to any other species of Arvicanthis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FF130AD5FDBDFB1B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lemmus niloticus Desmarest, 1822.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBDFFF0FF130AD5FDBDFB1B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Opinions on the number of species in the genus have varied from one (Misonne, 1974) to several (Allen, 1939; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Dollman, 1911; Ellerman, 1941; Rousseau, 1983). The first, and in many ways still most useful, review of Arvicanthis was made by Dollman (1911). Several recent attempts to assess variability in the genus using breeding studies (Petter et al., 1969), morphometric analyses (Rousseau, 1983), chromosomal evidence (Capanna and Civitelli, 1988; Orlov et al., 1992; Volobouev et al., 1987; and references therein), and electrophoretic patterns of blood proteins (Kaminski et al., 1984) have provided partial insights into species-diversity within Arvicanthis, as have results obtained based on examination of museum specimens (focusing on qualitative traits as well as external and craniodental measurements), and study of the discussions by Dollman (1911), Hollister (1919), Osgood (1936), and Corbet and Yalden (1972). Of the five species we list, three (abyssinicus, blicki, and somalicus) are easily diagnosed and recognizable, but two (niloticus and nairobae) are not and the geographic ranges and synonyms we provide for each of them are provisional until a sound systematic revision becomes available.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF7FF050A23FC90F9F8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Nairobi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF7FF050A23FC90F9F8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded in and east of the Rift Valley from Mount Lololokwi (" an isolated mountain east of the Mathews Range, about midway between Mount Kenia and Mount Marsabit, " Hollister, 1919) in C Kenya south to the Dodoma region in EC Tanzania; N and S limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF7FF050A23FC90F9F8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The name nairobae is the oldest applicable to samples from east of the Rift Valley in Kenya and Tanzania containing animals smaller in body size and gererally brighter and buffier in pelage than those larger and darker specimens we have identified as A. niloticus from west of the Rift. Some specimens of A. nairobae closely resemble those of A. somalicus in pelage coloration, and might be mistaken for it, but are larger in body size. Corbet and Yalden (1972) even suggested that chanleri might represent somalicus, but the holotype is larger and fits within the range of variation seen among samples of nairobae. Records of sympatry between nairobae and somalicus are documented by series from Mount Lololokwi (specimens in the National Museum of Natural History), and the Dodoma region of Tanzania (samples in the American Museum of Natural History), and the two are probably broadly sympatric throughout their ranges in Kenya and Tanzania. The morphological and geographic relationships between A. nairobae and A. niloticus require resolution, which could be accomplished by systematic review of the niloticus-nairobae complex. For example, nairobae is found with A. somalicus in the Dodoma region and they are the only species of Arvicanthis represented by specimens from E Tanzania. In contrast, samples from the Tabora area, to the west of Dodoma, contain A. somalicus and a species significantly larger in body size with darker pelage than samples of A. nairobae from Dodoma. It is this larger species that ranges south into Zambia and north through W Tanzania, W Kenya, and Uganda. Studying the distribution of characters from samples collected along a transect between the Dodoma and Tabora regions would elucidate character and geographic relationships between the two kinds.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF6FF050D22FBA3FB7D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF6FF050D22FBA3FB7D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Specimens we examined were from S Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia east through Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, S Niger, S Chad, Sudan, and Egypt to the western half of Ethiopia (to and in the Rift Valley); south through NE Zaire, Uganda, S Burundi, Kenya and Tanzania west of the Rift Valley, into E Zamibia, where the population is isolated from the nearest one, which is in SW Tanzania (Ansell, 1978); there is a record from N Malawi (1 skull only, living animals never found; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988); and the species occurs in SW Arabia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBAFFF6FF050D22FBA3FB7D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: We include dembeensis, which has been recognized as a distinct species occurring in Ethiopia and nearby regions (Yalden et al., 1976; Demeter, 1983). Thomas (1910 b) had once associated dembeensis with Desmomys, noting that it had already been referred to Mus, Arvicanthis, Golunda, Pelomys, and Oenomys. Later, however, Thomas (1928 a) referred dembeensis to Arvicanthis, a view confirmed by Osgood (1936) and reinforced by Dieterlen (1974). The name lacernatus was once used in place of dembeensis for the Ethiopian samples of Arvicanthis (Allen, 1939; Corbet and Yalden, 1972; Osgood, 1936) but cranium of the holotype is an example of Meriones (Yalden et al., 1976). Arvicanthis dembeensis was thought to be a separate species because Ethiopian samples were originally contrasted by Corbet and Yalden (1972, under the name lacernatus) with abyssinicus, which they treated as a subspecies of A. niloticus. However, abyssinicus is a distinctive species related to A. blicki and not to A. niloticus. We observed that the diagnostic features attributed to dembeensis also described samples of Arvicanthis from throughout Africa west and south of Ethiopia. Sympatry with other species of Arvicanthis has been recorded at several places in Uganda (Delany, 1975; Dollman, 1911; Hollister, 1919), but we cannot distinguish two kinds at the localities. The only verifiable sympatry is between the large-bodied A. niloticus and the small-bodied A. somalicus in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia (niloticus was recorded as either dembeensis or lacernatus; Corbet and Yalden, 1972; Demeter, 1983) and in the Mawele region (Mwanasomano's, 30 mi S Tabora) In C Tanzania (documented by specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard). Allopatry or parapatry, however, is usual. In Ethiopia, A. niloticus occurs up to about 2000 ft and is replaced at higher elevations by A. abyssiniens and A. blicki (Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976); in Kenya and Tanzania, A. niloticus ranges west of the E Rift Valley and is allopatric with A. nairobae, found in and east of the Rift. Our definition of A. niloticus is unsatisfactory. There is appreciable intra- and interpopulational variation in body size, pelage coloration, and cytological and biochemical traits, and the significance of this variation should be assessed by a critical systematic revision; more than one species may be present in the complex, as suggested by morphometric (Rousseau, 1983), chromosomal (Viegas-Pequignot et al., 1983; Volobouev et al., 1987) and electrophoretic (Kaminski et al., 1984) analyses. Furthermore, Corbet (1984) questioned including the Arabian naso with A. niloticus. Capanna and Civitelli (1988) recorded a karyotype with 2 N = 44 from a sample they identified as A. niloticus from Somalia; this contrasts with the range of 56 - 62 usually reported among samples of the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF6FEFB0FA0FDBCF7CC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Northern Somaliland (Somalia), Shuk, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF6FEFB0FA0FDBCF7CC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and E Rift Valleys of Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976), Somalia, extreme SE Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985), and south through Kenya in and east of the Rift Valley (Dollman, 1911; Hollister, 1919) to C and EC Tanzania on both sides of the Rift; limits have yet to be resolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF6FEFB0FA0FDBCF7CC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: From the time it was described by Thomas (1903 «), A. somalicus has been treated as a species (Allen, 1939; Dollman, 1911; Ellerman, 1941; Hollister, 1919), and with an exception or two (e. g., Misonne, 1974), retains that status (Rousseau, 1983; Yalden et al., 1976). Both reliable published records (see above) and specimens we examined document the northern and central range of A. somalicus. Known southern limits of the species are defined by samples from the Mawele region south of Tabora (Mwanasomano's, 31 mi S Tabora) in C Tanzania and southeast of there at Kilosa in EC Tanzania (specimens in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard). The species is sympatric with both A. niloticus and A. nairobae (see those accounts). Allen and Loveridge (1933: 117) recorded three specimens from Mwanza on the southern margin of Lake Victoria in Tanzania under the name muansae thinking they represented topotypes of that form, but the holotype of muansae from Mwanza is very large with dark pelage (Matschie, 1911) and is an example of A. niloticus, while their sample is clearly the much smaller and paler A. somalicus; Mwanza is probably another site of sympatry.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF6FF2D036CF8A0F62C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus giganteus Hardwicke, 1804 (= Mus indicus Bechstein, 1800).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF6FF2D036CF8A0F62C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nesokia has been considered the closest relative of Bandicota (Misonne, 1969: Niethammer, 1977; Radtke and Niethammer, 1984 / 85; Wroughton, 1908), but outside of that alliance, its phylogenetic position among murines is debatable. Misonne (1969) was unsure where to place Bandicota except that it was not related to Rattus; but Niethammer (1977) and Gemmeke and Niethammer (1984) concluded from morphological, chromosomal, and biochemical data that Rattus is close to Bandicota.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF5FEFA02F1FA95FD4C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bengal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF5FEFA02F1FA95FD4C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Approximate natural range: Sri Lanka, peninsular India to Pakistan, Kashmir, Nepal, NE India (Assam), Bangladesh, and Burma. Introduced to Penang Isl off the W coast of Malay Peninsula (Chasen, 1936), Sumatra and Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983), and Saudi Arabia (Kock et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFBBFFF5FEFA02F1FA95FD4C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The most morphologically divergent of the species now placed in Bandicota; so impressive are the differences that bengalensis has been placed in its own genus, Gunomys (see Wroughton, 1908). Geographic variation and one view of subspecies presented by Agrawal and Chakraborty (1976). Chromosomal data reported by Sharma and Raman (1971, 1973) and Dubey and Raman (1992). Lekagul and Felten (1989) recognized varius as a distinct species in Thailand, but that record was based on specimens of B. savilei (in Senckenberg Museum).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A09D0F935FA1C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Pondicherry.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A09D0F935FA1C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka, peninsular India north to Nepal, NE India (Assam), Burma, S China (Yunnan and Hong Kong Isl), Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Introduced into Kedah and Perlis regions of Malay Peninsula (Harrison, 1956; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a) as well as Sumatra and Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Its spotty distribution may reflect other geographic introductions (Taiwan for example); " since it is commensal, large, and delicious to eat, this bandicoot may have been spread by man in comparatively recent times " (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a: 428).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A09D0F935FA1C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically more closely related to B. savilei than to B. bengalensis, but based on gel electrophoretic comparisons closer to Nesokia than to other species of Bandicota (Radtke and Niethammer, 1984 / 85). Chromosomal data for Thai samples provided by Markvong et al. (1973). A careful systematic revision is necessary to assess the significance of morphological and biochemical variation among samples. Pradhan et al. (1989), for example, argued that B. gigantea is specifically distinct from B. indica, and indicated they are pursuing a taxonomic revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A0D0EFE48F73E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Mt Popa, about 2500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A0D0EFE48F73E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from E Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam; probably also occurs in S Laos and Cambodia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF0A0D0EFE48F73E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Occurs sympatrically with B. indica in C and S Thailand and S Vietnam; found with B. bengalensis in Burma where B. savilei lives in fields and B. bengalensis in village houses. Bandicota savilei is a very distinctive species as Thomas (191 6 d) pointed out when he described it; unfortunately it was later incorrectly treated as a subspecies of B. indica (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Specimens are usually misidentified as B. bengalensis, but in external, cranial, and dental morphology, B. savilei is linked to B. indica. Electrophoretic data, however, indicated a closer relationship with B. bengalensis than with B. indica (Radtke and Niethammer, 1984 / 85). Chromosomal information reported by Markvong et al. (1973). Lekagul and Felten (1989) described bangchakensis as a species; hichensis and giaraiensis were proposed as subspecies of B. bengalensis (Dao, 1961; Dao and Cao, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF050130FC5DF529.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Benguet, Haights-in-the-Oaks, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF050130FC5DF529.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF050130FC5DF529.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF3E03FAFDD7F5E8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Batomys granti Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB8FFF5FF3E03FAFDD7F5E8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic group as Crateromys and Carpomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). An undescribed species is found on Dinagat Isl. Actual distribution in archipelago and number of species in genus yet to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF20A19F8D9FE03.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mountain Prov, Mt Data, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF20A19F8D9FE03.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Luzon Isl, Mt Data in north and Mt Isarog in SE peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF20A19F8D9FE03.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF20A19F8D9FE03.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Probably most closely related to B. salomonseni than to other species of Batomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF30903F964FD0D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Bukidnon Prov, Mt. Katanglad, 1600 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF30903F964FD0D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands of Mindanao, Biliran, and Leyte at low and middle elevations.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FEF30903F964FD0D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as the only species in Mindanomys by Sanborn (1953), but that genus was considered inseparable from Batomys by Misonne (1969) and Musser and Heaney (1992). Probably more closely related to B. granti than to B. dentatus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0D0E0FFBC0F9F3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Burma (S Tenasserim), Mergui.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0D0E0FFBC0F9F3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Burma, N and SE Thailand, Cambodia, N Laos, and S Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0D0E0FFBC0F9F3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: B. berdmorei is the only species of Berylmys recorded from a small island (Con Son, S Vietnam) off continental Indochina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0E0D1CFE7EF84A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan Prov., Kakhyen Hills, Hotha, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0E0D1CFE7EF84A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE India, N and C Burma, S China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujiau, and S Anhui; Liu et al., 1985), N and peninsular Thailand, N Laos, N Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, and NW Sumatra (Medan).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0E0D1CFE7EF84A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Not known to occur on small islands off continental margin; bowersi is the only species of Berylmys found on Malay Peninsula and an island of the Sunda Shelf. Spermatozoal morphology and its significance documented by Breed and Yong (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF26082FFA6FFB02.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Epimys manipulus Thomas, 1916.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF26082FFA6FFB02.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally proposed as a subgenus of Rattus by Ellerman (1947 - 1948), but elevated to generic rank in a revision by Musser and Newcomb (1983) which recorded taxonomic history of names and groups associated with Berylmys, and reported past evolutionary histories of species (which have been centered in Indochina), finding that Berylmys was dentally similar to Niviventer, Maxomys, and Leopoldamys, but shared some derived cranial characters with Rattus and that phylogenetic relationships were still unknown. Sperm morphology united Berylmys with Sundamys, Rattus, and Leopoldamys (Breed and Yong, 1986), but that union was based on a shared spermatozoal form which is probably primitive.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0E0CD7FD80F787.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Chin Hills, 50 mi west of Kindat.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0E0CD7FD80F787.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE India (Assam), C and S Burma, China (Szechwan), and S Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0F038BFBB7F6F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: C Burma, Kabaw Valley, Kampat, 20 mi west of Kindat.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFF4FF0F038BFBB7F6F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India (Assam), N and C Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFEBFF220232F9B6FE81.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bullimus bagobus Mearns, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFB9FFEBFF220232F9B6FE81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although described as a distinctive genus by Mearns, Bullimus has been treated as a subgenus of Rattus in most taxonomic works (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Misonne, 1969; Simpson, 1945) until generically reinstated by Musser (1982 c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983) and rediagnosed by Musser and Heaney (1992), who also documented taxonomic history and past associations with other murine genera. Belongs to the group of Philippine New Endemics, but its closest phylogenetic relative has yet to be resolved (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Genus needs critical systematic revision, number of actual species is uncertain, those listed below are provisional (Musser and Heaney, 1992; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF080A8FFC61FD59.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Mt Apo, Todaya, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF080A8FFC61FD59.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines (known from islands of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao, Bohol, and Maripipi, but probably occurs on other islands in the archipelago).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF080A8FFC61FD59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under luzonicus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF0809C5F972FC61.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Lepanto, Mt Data, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF0809C5F972FC61.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF0809C5F972FC61.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Whether luzonicus and the insular samples of what are now called bagobus are really different entities or represent the same species remains to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090D74FD89F794.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Buton Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090D74FD89F794.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; central core, SE peninsula, possibly lowlands of SW peninsula; limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090D74FD89F794.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recognized as a distinct species in the “ Rattus chrysocomus Group " by Tate (1936); placed in the " chrysocomus group " of Rattus by Ellerman (1941) then in the “ coelestis group " of Rattus by Ellerman (1949 a); treated as a species in subgenus Rattus by Laurie and Hill (1954); but included in Bunomys by Musser (1981 c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). In morphology and pelage features, B. andrewsi is most closely related to B. fratrorum of the NW peninsula and B. heinrichi in the SW arm of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090379FBBEF601.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, N Sulawesi, Minahassa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090379FBBEF601.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; throughout island generally between 200 and 1500 m, but reaches 2200 m in some places.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF090379FBBEF601.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in the “ Rattus chrysocomus Group " by Tate (1936), in subgenus Rattus by Ellerman (1941: 190), then subgenus Maxomys of Rattus by Ellerman (1949 a: 70) and Laurie and Hill (1954: 118); but treated as a species of Bunomys by Musser (1981 c, 1991) and Musser and Newcomb (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEAFF09010BF884FE6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, SW Sulawesi, Bonthain Peak (Gunung Lampobatang), 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEAFF09010BF884FE6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; known only from the slopes of Gunung Lampobatang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEAFF09010BF884FE6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a species of Bunomys by Tate (1936), as a species of Rattus in the “ coelestis group " by Ellerman (1941, 1949 a), but as a species in subgenus Rattus by Laurie and Hill (1954). Musser (1981 c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983) included coeiestis in B. chrysocomus, but Musser (1991) and Musser and Holden (1991) treated it as a species restricted to montane forest formations on south end of SW peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF2208C6FDC2F9A9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus coelestis Thomas, 1896.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA6FFEBFF2208C6FDC2F9A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An endemic of Sulawesi. Recognized as a genus by Tate (1936), but included in Rattus by Ellerman (1941), Simpson (1945), Laurie and Hill (1954), and Misonne (1969); treated as separate genus by Musser and Newcomb (1983), Musser (1984, 1987, 1991), and Corbet and Hill (1991). Phylogenetic relationships unresolved, but part of Sulawesi New Endemics; spermatozoal morphology distinctive although some species resemble that in species of Rattus, but resemblance reflects shared primitive features (Breed and Musser, 1991). Kitchener et al. (1991 a) considered Bunomys a very close relative of Paulamys, a Flores endemic; both are probably ecological if not morphological equivalents (Musser et al., 1986). Geographic and altitudinal distributions of species, along with forest types, summarized by Musser and Dagosto (1987), Musser (1991), and Musser and Holden (1991). Grandidier (1905: 50) proposed Bunotnys for a Madagascar rat, and Sody (1941: 260) used Frateromys, but both are nomina nuda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF60AB6F938FD09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Rurukan, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF60AB6F938FD09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; NE peninsula only.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF60AB6F938FD09.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Despite Thomas' clear declaration that fratrorum was distinct from chrysocomus, an evaluation also supported by Tate (1936) and Sody (1941), fratrorum was listed as a synonym of chrysocomus by Ellerman (1949 a) and Laurie and Hill (1954). The two are sympatric on the NE peninsula (Musser, 1970 d, 1981 c, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Sody (1941) made fratrorum the type species of Frateromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70814F960FB75.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, SW Sulawesi, Gunung Lampobatang, Lambasang, 1100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70814F960FB75.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; known only from montane forest formations on the upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70814F960FB75.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of Rattus penitus and listed that way by Ellerman in 1941, but as a subspecies of Rattus adspersus in 1949 a, which was followed by Laurie and Hill (1954). Included within Bunomys penitus by Musser (1981 c) and Musser and Newcomb, 1983), and within Frateromys penitus by Sody (1941), but treated as a species by Musser (1991) and Musser and Holden (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70FA6FBE4F9CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Lehio, above 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70FA6FBE4F9CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; central core and SE peninsula only.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF70FA6FBE4F9CF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Rattus, then listed as a species in the chrysocomus group of Rattus by Tate (1936) and Ellerman (1941), treated as a subspecies of Rattus adspersus by Laurie and Hill (1954), and included in Frateromys by Sody (1941). However, Bunomys penitus is distinctive in morphology and confined to montane forest formations (Musser, 1987, 1991; Musser and Dagosto, 1987; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF00D50FE75F8BF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Tambusisi, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF00D50FE75F8BF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 6000 ft on Gunung Tambusisi, Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF00D50FE75F8BF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically most like Bunomys chrysocomus, with which it is nearly sympatric (both were caught at the same elevation but in different habitats; Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFF2B0C7AFA53F7B8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Canariomys bravoi Crusafont-Pairo and Petter, 1964 (fossil).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFF2B0C7AFA53F7B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Canariomys, along with Malpaisomys, represent the known murine fauna that was endemic to the Canary Islands, and is apparently now extinct (Boye et al., 1992; Hutterer et al., 1988; Lopez-Martinez and Lopez-Jurado, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF10364FA0CF58D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canary Islands, Gran Canaria Isl, " La Aldea de San Nicolas de Tolentino " (Lopez-Martinez and Lopez-Jurado (1987: 12).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF10364FA0CF58D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Canary Islands, Gran Canaria Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA7FFEAFEF10364FA0CF58D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An endemic of Gran Canaria Isl known only by specimens from the Holocene to pre-hispanic epoch (about 2000 year before present). Its congener, C. bravoi is documented by Pliocene-Pleistocene fossils from Tenerife Isl in the Canary group (Crusafont-Pairo and Petter, 1964). A cladistic analysis by Lopez-Martinez and Lopez-Jurado (1987) suggested that C. bravoi and C. tamarani were in the same monophyletic group, one related to the African Pelomys-Arvicanthis assemblage. However, a cladistic analysis by Hutterer et al. (1988) indicated that each species of Canariomys was in a different monophyletic cluster. Careful re-examination of the material will be necessary to resolve these contrasting views.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF010AE6FE77FD71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mt Data, 7000 - 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF010AE6FE77FD71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mt. Data, but probably occurs in other highlands of N Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF01099BFBCEFCCD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mt Data, 7000 - 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF01099BFBCEFCCD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mt Data and Mt Kapilingan (Sanborn, 1952 a), but likely occurs elsewhere in mountains of N Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340A25FC71FE3B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340A25FC71FE3B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic group as Crateromys and Batomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF020F2CF932FB3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mt Data, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF020F2CF932FB3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from N Luzon on Mt Data and Haights-in-the-Oaks (Sanborn, 1952 a), but probably lives in montane forest formations elsewhere on Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF3B0868FCDDFBE3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Xeromys silaceus Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF3B0868FCDDFBE3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic group as Chrotomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF010EBFF99AF9C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Burma, Karin Hills.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF010EBFF99AF9C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Burma, N Thailand, Vietnam, and C Laos (Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340FFDFDB6FA6D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus chiropus Thomas, 1891.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340FFDFDB6FA6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1981 b), who regarded Chiromyscus as closely related to Niviventer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF02039EFBAFF67C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Calamian Isis, Busuanga Isl, Minuit, sea level.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF02039EFBAFF67C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Busuanga, Balabac, and Palawan Isis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF02039EFBAFF67C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as the type species of Insulaemus (Taylor, 1934). In morphology and geographic continuity, C. calamianensis is most closely related to C. major of mainland Borneo (Musser, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340D66FC10F773.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus gliroides Blyth, 1856.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE9FF340D66FC10F773.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Musser (1979). Among Asian murines, phylogenetic position of Chiropodomys is ambiguous. Musser and Newcomb (1983) suggested a phylogenetic link between Chiropodomys and Hapalomys, and a weaker tie to Haeromys. Spermatozoal morphology of Chiropodomys resembles that described for species of Hapalomys, Maxomys, and Haeromys, and is also similar to Mus (Breed and Musser, 1991; Breed and Yong, 1986). Musser (1979) and Musser and Newcomb (1983) recorded other published opinions about relationships of Chiropodomys. No data supports the inclusion of Chiropodomys within the Phloeomyinae — along with Coryphomys, Lenomys, Pogonomys, Mallomys, Phloeomys, and Crateromys — which is where Simpson (1945) listed it.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE8FF0202AEFC71FD92.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India (Assam), Khasi Hills, Cherrapunji.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE8FF0202AEFC71FD92.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Documented from China (Guangxi and Yunnan), India (Assam), Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, S Sumatra, Pulau Nias, Kepulauan Tujuh, Kepulauan Natuna, Java, and Bali (Musser, 1979; Wu and Deng, 1984), but probably occurs on other small islands of the Sunda Shelf, in Cambodia, and in other provinces of S China.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA4FFE8FF0202AEFC71FD92.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Variation among some samples in certain morphological features is significantly correlated with geography both on mainland Indochina and islands of the Sunda Shelf (Musser, 1979). The geographic variation in Indochina is reflected in Wu and Deng's (1984) description of C. jingdongensis, based on a small sample from Yunnan, in which a few cranial dimensions average slightly larger than most samples of C. gliroides from elsewhere in its range, but are not otherwise significantly different. Chromosomal data reported by Yong (1973, 1983), J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977 a), and Tsuchiya et al. (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE097FFA97FC6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Mentawai, Pulau Pagai Utara.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE097FFA97FC6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Pagai (Musser, 1979), and Siberut (Jenkins and Hill, 1982) in the Mentawai Isis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE097FFA97FC6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The largest in body size of any described Chiropodomys, and possibly most closely related to C. major. Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawi Archipelago (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE08B3F920FB5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia (Borneo), Sarawak, Sadong.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE08B3F920FB5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo: recorded only from Sarawak and Sabah (Musser, 1979), but probably also occurs in Kalimantan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE08B3F920FB5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Most closely related to C. calamianensis in morphology and geography.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0FC2FAB8FA4E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia (Borneo), Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, Bundu Tuhan, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0FC2FAB8FA4E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by a few specimens from Gunung Kinabalu and N Kalimantan, but probably occurs elsewhere on Borneo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0FC2FAB8FA4E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The smallest in body size of any known species of Chiropodomys; its closest phylogenetic allies may be C. gliroides and C. pusillus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0ED3F95AF8D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia (Borneo), Sabah, Gunung Kinabalu, 1000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0ED3F95AF8D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Sabah, Sarawak, and S Kalimantan (Musser, 1979), but probably occurs throughout Borneo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFE0ED3F95AF8D2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomas described pusillus as a species, but Musser (1979) treated it as a distinctive subspecies of C. gliroides. However, the few known specimens of pusillus represent a population of small-bodied mice in which the range of variation of most dimensions are outside of range recorded for all other samples of C. gliroides.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFF038FF9CCF5A1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Astrolabe Range, Sogeri, 1500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFF038FF9CCF5A1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; endemic to mainland of SE Papua New Guinea (sea level to 700 m; on N side not known west of Oomsis in valley of Markham River [see map in Brass, 1959], and on S side not recorded west of type locality) and d'Entrecasteaux Isis (Goodenoough, Fergusson, and Normanby). Dennis and Menzies (1979) included the Louisiade Isis, but samples in the American Museum of Natural History of Chiruromys from there are not forbesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FEFF038FF9CCF5A1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Significance of the appreciable geographic variation in body size and other traits needs to be assessed in a critical systematic review of the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FF100C48F998F783.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Chiruromys forbesi Thomas, 1888.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFE8FF100C48F998F783.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics. Chromosomal and morphometric study, but not a systematic revision, produced by Dennis and Menzies (1979). Closest phylogenetic relative was thought to be Pogonomys (e. g., Tate, 1951), but is not that genus, and remains to be discovered. Flannery (1990 b) provided photographs of the species and summarized distributional and biological information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFEFFEFF016EFD88FE50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., lower Kemp Welch River, Ighibirei (see Thomas, 1897 a: 4).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA5FFEFFEFF016EFD88FE50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; known only from mainland of SE Papua New Guinea, sea level to 2300 m (see maps in Dennis and Menzies, 1979; Flannery, 1990 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1C0ABDFE77FD43.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Upper St. Joseph's River (= Angabunga River), Madeu, 50 m NE Hall Sound, 2000 - 3000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1C0ABDFE77FD43.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; S side of Central Cordillera, from Lake Murray area of Western Prov. east to region of type locality, sea level to 1500 m (see map in Flannery, 1990 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D08E8FA59FB14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, SE Luzon Isl, Camarines Sur Prov., W slope Mt Isarog, 4 km N, 21 km E Naga, 1350 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D08E8FA59FB14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from W slope Mt Isarog, Luzon, between 1350 and 1750 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D08E8FA59FB14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology, ecology, and comparisons with other species of Chrotomys provided by Rickart and Heaney (1991) and Rickart et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D0FF9F97DFA50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philipines, Mindoro Isl, 3 mi SSE of San Jose (Central), 200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D0FF9F97DFA50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowlands of Luzon and Mindoro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D0FF9F97DFA50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered specifically distinct from C. whiteheadi by Musser et al. (1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF3709D9FD85FC26.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Chrotomys whiteheadi Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF3709D9FD85FC26.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Philippine Old Endemic most closely related to Celaenomys, and unrelated to shrew rats and shrew mice endemic to Australia and New Guinea (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Actual distribution in archipelago and number of species in genus still unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D0EBAFBE2F993.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mt Data, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1D0EBAFBE2F993.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Luzon; one specimen is recorded from Irisan, Benguet (see Hollister, 1913 b); all other examples are from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1E0C4DFDAEF6E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, 15 mi N Mt Wilhelmina, Lake Habbema, 3225 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1E0C4DFDAEF6E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Irian Jaya; known only from the type locality and 9 km NE Lake Habbema, 2800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1E0C4DFDAEF6E6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF1E0C4DFDAEF6E6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still represented only by the six specimens in the type series collected in 1938. Originally described as a species of Melomys (Tate, 1951), but its diagnostic traits are unlike those defining species within that genus, and similar to those characterizing ruemmleri. This conclusion reached independently by Flannery (1990 b) and Menzies (1990), although neither of them formally allocated albidens and ruemmleri to the same genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF300D88FD76F8C1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pogonomelomys ruemmleri Tate and Archbold, 1941.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEFFF300D88FD76F8C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A New Guinea Old Endemic with uncertain relationships to Pogonomelomys, Melomys, and Uromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEEFF1E0228FDA4FDCE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, N slope Mt Wilhelmina, Lake Habbema, 3225 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEEFF1E0228FDA4FDCE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Central Cordillera from Mt Wilhelmina in Irian Jaya to Mt Kaindi in Papua New Guinea, above 1900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA2FFEEFF1E0228FDA4FDCE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The species ruemmleri was originally described as a Pogonomelomys (Tate and Archbold, 1941), but its morphology was so different from the other species in the genus that Tate (1951) placed it in a group within Pogonomelomys separate from mayeri and bruijnii, the species considered typical of the genus. The distinctivness of ruemmleri was reinforced by Lidicker's (1968) study of phallic morphology; others have noted that ruemmleri was not part of the same monophyletic group containing the other species of Pogonomelomys (e. g., Flannery, 1990 b). Finally, Menzies (1990) made ruemmleri the type species of Coccymys. Before the reports of Lidicker, Flannery, and Menzies, the unique character of ruetnmleri had been ascertained by Jack Mahoney, who died before he could finish his revision of the group. The form shawmayeri was described by Hinton (1943) as a remarkable species of Rattus unlike any of the New Guinea species and possibly closely related to Nepal and Sikkim endemics.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFD082EFBAFFA9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Uele River, Gambi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFD082EFBAFFA9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Liberia (Lofa), Cameroon, NE Angola, NW Zambia, Zaire, Ruanda, Uganda, E Kenya, S Sudan, and W Ethiopia; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFD082EFBAFFA9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Study of external, cranial, and dental variation in context of taxonomic revision was provided by Dieterlen (1983). Colomys goslingi is a carnivore preying on limnetic macroinvertebrates and small vertebrates, and possesses special morphological and neurological adaptations as well as behavioral repitoire that are correlated with extracting such a diet from streams (Dieterlen and Statzner, 1981; Stephan and Dieterlen, 1982). The species is apparently restricted to banks of small flowing streams in tropical rain forest (Dieterlen, 1983), although it has been taken along streams in grassland far from forest (Hayman, 1966). Comparisons with Neotropical ichthyomyines provided by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFF17096DF912FCE3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Colomys goslingi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFF17096DF912FCE3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hayman (1966) discussed the identity of Nilopegamys with Colomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFE0C07F937F784.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Australia (Neuholland); see Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 155).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFE0C07F937F784.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; once occurred in a strip from SE Queensland through coastal New South Wales and Victoria into SE South Australia (see Watts and Aslin, 1981: 130).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFE0C07F937F784.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFEFE0C07F937F784.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For complete citation see Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 155). Living C. albipes have not been encountered by naturalists for over a century and the species is apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFF100E9AFA9CF91A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Conylurus constructor Ogilby, 1838 (= Hapalotis albipes Lichtenstein, 1829).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEEFF100E9AFA9CF91A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167) that is phylogenetically closely allied to Mesembriomys and Leporillus (see Watts et al., 1992, and references therein); part of the group is also designated as the Conilurini where Conilurus is placed (Baverstock, 1984). Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 154) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEDFEFE0396FA5BFE50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Port Essington, sea shore.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEDFEFE0396FA5BFE50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; " northern coastal area of the Northern Territory, adjacent islands [including Melville Island, Groote Eylandt, and the Pellew Group], and the extreme north-east of Western Australia " (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 133). SC Papua New Guinea in Morehead region (Waithman, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA3FFEDFEFE0396FA5BFE50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Analyses of external morphology of glans penis and spermatozoal structure and form provided by Breed (1984), Breed and Sarafis (1978), and Morrissey and Breed (1982). Results from studies of chromosomal features (Baverstock et al., 1977 c, 1983 b), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), and dental traits (Misonne, 1969) supported the hypothesis that C. penicillatus is phylogenetically closely related to Mesembriomys gouldii, and microcomplement fixation data placed it in the same clade close to species of Leporillus and Mesembriomys (see Watts et al., 1992). Conilurus penicillatus is one of the few Old Endemic Australian murines that also occurs in SC New Guinea where it is still represented by only two specimens (Flannery, 19906: 192).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF0209B0FE40FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, W Timor, cave deposit near Nikiniki.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF0209B0FE40FBDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Timor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF0209B0FE40FBDA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by subfossil fragments collected at the type locality and from sites in E Timor (Glover, 1986). Related to endemic New Guinea murines and not to species of Papagomys, Hooijeromys, Komodomys, or Paulamys on Flores. Coryphomys buhleri is one of four species, each in its own genus, of giant rats (three have yet to be named and described) endemic to Timor; all are known only by subfossils (Glover, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF340AD7FCC0FD6D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Coryphomys buhleri Schaub, 1937.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF340AD7FCC0FD6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Simpson (1945) listed Coryphomys, along with Lenomys, Pogonomys, Chiropodomys, Mallomys, Phloeomys, and Crateromys in the Phloeomyinae, but no data supports such an allocation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF030D3DFC56F8FB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Surigao del Norte Prov., Dinagat Isl, Loreto Municipality, Balitbiton.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF030D3DFC56F8FB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF030D3DFC56F8FB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF1C0C27FC56F834.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindoro Occidental Prov., Ilin Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF1C0C27FC56F834.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF1C0C27FC56F834.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF1C0CD9FA93F7A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mt Data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF1C0CD9FA93F7A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the mountains of N Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF350F5FFD4FF9D1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Phloeomys schadenbergi Meyer, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF350F5FFD4FF9D1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser and Gordon (1981) and Musser et al. (1985). A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic group as Batomys and Carpomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Except for a suggested but distant phylogenetic link to Phloeomys that has to be further tested (Musser and Heaney, 1992), no data supports inclusion of Crateromys in the Phloeomyinae along with Coryphomys, Lenomys, Pogonomys, Chiropodomys, and Mallomys, as Simpson (1945) indicated. An undescribed species related to C. schadenbergi was recorded from Panay Isl (Musser and Heaney, 1992); real distribution in the archipelago and actual number of species in the genus have yet to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFECFF1C02C4FA66FE1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Madras, Kadapa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFECFF1C02C4FA66FE1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Sri Lanka and Peninsular India, from S provinces north to Behar and C Provinces.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFECFF1C02C4FA66FE1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once allocated to Rattus (Ellerman, 1941, 1961), blanfordi is phylogenetically distant from any species in that genus and is related to species in Cremnomys, a conclusion based on dental morphology (Misonne, 1969) and chromosomal evidence (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Raman and Sharma, 1977; Rao and Lakhotia, 1972). Chromosomal number and configuration of C. blanfordi are very similar to that recorded for C. cutchicus and C. elvira (Raman and Sharma, 1977), but differ in amount of C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin (Sharma and Gadi, 1977). Sody (1941) proposed Madromys, a nomen nudum, for this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF37038EF935F65B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cremnomys cutchicus Wroughton, 1912.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA0FFEDFF37038EF935F65B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An Indian endemic that was incorporated into subgenus Rattus (Ellerman, 1941), then arranged as a valid subgenus within Rattus (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), and finally reinstated as a very distinctive genus related to Millardia (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Misonne, 1969; Raman and Sharma, 1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE70903FD97FC89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kutch, Dhonsa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE70903FD97FC89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: An Indian endemic: Kutch, Kathiawar, S Rajputana, and Bihar in NW India; Mysore, Bellary, and Eastern Ghats in S Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE70903FD97FC89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1961) suggested that australis was possibly a valid species. The complex needs taxonomic revision. Chromosomal information reported by Raman and Sharna (1977), Sharma and Gadi (1977), Rishi and Puri (1984), and Sobti and Gill (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00894F92DFBC5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, E Ghats, Salem Dist, Kurumbapatti.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00894F92DFBC5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from SE India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00894F92DFBC5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still represented by few specimens from the region of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00FF0FB4BF965.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, NE Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Brown River, Serigina, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00FF0FB4BF965.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from Papuan Central Cordillera and mountains on Huon Peninsula (see map in Flannery, 19906: 191).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE00FF0FB4BF965.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Based on phallic morphology, Lidicker (1968) speculated that C. moncktoni is not closely related to Hydromys and its relatives. Flannery (1990 b) provided photographs and summaries of distributional and biological information. Chromosomal data were reported by Donnellan (1987). Comparisons with Neotropical ichthyomyines made by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFF1B0F65FA20FB2F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Crossomys moncktoni Thomas, 1907.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFF1B0F65FA20FB2F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE10CACFC64F706.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, near Tornado, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE10CACFC64F706.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Sulawesi; known only from mountain valley of Danau Lindu and upper drainage of Sungai Miu in Kulawi region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE10CACFC64F706.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by three specimens. Morphologically very distinct from Philippine species of Crunomys, and without close relatives on Sulawesi (Musser, 1982 c). Spermatozoal morphology distinctive (Breed and Musser, 1991), but unrevealing in assessing phlogenetic relationships.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE2020BF901F629.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, NC Luzon Isl, Isabella Prov, 1000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE2020BF901F629.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE2020BF901F629.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype. Morphologically more similar to the Philippine C. melanius and C. rabori than to the Sulawesian C. celebensis (Musser, 1982 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE202F4FD96F54D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Davao Prov., Mt Apo, 3000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE202F4FD96F54D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mindanao Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFEE202F4FD96F54D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by five specimens, and closely related to C. rabori (Musser, 1982 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFF1B0DC5FA8BF863.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Crunomys fallax Thomas, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA1FFECFF1B0DC5FA8BF863.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Musser (1982 c). An Old Endemic of the Philippines (Musser and Heaney, 1992) and Sulawesi (Musser, 1981 c). Phylogenetically closely related to Philippine Archboldomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020A28FC5BFE27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Leyte Isl, Leyte Prov., Mt Lobi Range, Barrio Buri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020A28FC5BFE27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020A28FC5BFE27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF0109E0F9B5FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, near Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, 3440 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF0109E0F9B5FC2C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Nepal, NE India (Bengal Presidency, Assam), N Laos, and S China (S Yunnan); probably occurs over a wider range (see map in Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF0109E0F9B5FC2C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by a few specimens (Li et al., 1987; Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF3B0907FD1BFD3D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dacnomys miliardi Thomas, 1916.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF3B0907FD1BFD3D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1981 b). Closest phylogenetic alliance may be with Niviventer, particularly with members of the N. andersoni Division of that genus (Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020E1AFC9EF9E7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Panyam, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020E1AFC9EF9E7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Jos Plateau in Nigeria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020E1AFC9EF9E7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Carleton and Martinez (1991), who contrasted its distinctive morphological and distributional traits with D. rufulus, the common species of Dasymys in West Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020D2AFAFFF80B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, " Caffraria prope Portum Natal, " (= Durban, Natal).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020D2AFAFFF80B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, S Sudan; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF020D2AFAFFF80B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly a complex of several species. Chromosomal variation from South African specimens reported by Gordon (1991: 413) who noted it " is equivocal whether the different chromosomal forms represent distinct species characterized by fixed rearrangements or a chromosomally polymorphic species. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF1C0317FBA6F6C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori East, Mubuku Valley, 12,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF1C0317FBA6F6C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Ruwenzori Mtns, Uganda, at very high altitudes; a montane Western Rift endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF1C0317FBA6F6C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually included in D. incomtus (Delany, 1975), but distinguished from that species by its altitudinal distribution, long and fine fur, very short tail, and diagnostic cranial traits (Thomas, 1906 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE2FF03024CF99BFE07.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Huilla.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE2FF03024CF99BFE07.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, SW Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana; limits unknown, possibly also occurs in NW Zimbabwe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE2FF03024CF99BFE07.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated by Allen (1939), Hill and Carter (1941), and Roberts (1951) as a species, but included in D. incomtus by Ellerman (1941) and most later writers of lists (e. g., Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). Crawford-Cabral (1983) recorded sympatry between D. nudipes and D. incomtus in Angola, and our survey of series from Chitau identified as D. nudipes by Hill and Carter (1941: 98) revealed it consists of both nudipes and incomtus, qualitative observations supported by morphometric analyses (Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco, 1989). Lukolela and Luluabourg, Zaire, have been included within range of D. nudipes (Crawford-Cabral, 1983), but specimens from there (in the American Museum of Natural History) are examples of D. incomtus. The holotype and only specimen of edsoni, described as subspecies of D. nudipes from Lukolela, middle Zaire (Hatt, 1934 b), is an incomtus, not a nudipes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF340F0DFBC8FAF0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dasymys gueinzii Peters, 1875 (= Mus incomtus Sundevall, 1847; see Allen, 1939).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAEFFE3FF340F0DFBC8FAF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data summarized by Carleton and Martinez (1991). Closest phylogenetic allies yet to be determined, but many pelage, cranial, and dental traits of Dasymys suggest alliance with Aethomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE2090DF888FCAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Mount Coffee.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE2090DF888FCAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Specimen records are from Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, E Nigeria, and Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE2090DF888FCAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphometric and geographic contrasts with D. foxi presented by Carleton and Martinez (1991). Relationships with populations from Zaire and elsewhere now treated as D. incomtus bentleyae need to be clarified by critical systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEFC0E3BFCBEF9AD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Mt Coffee.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEFC0E3BFCBEF9AD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Specimens are from Sierra Leone, Guinea (Mt Nimbo), Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Ghana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEFC0E3BFCBEF9AD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Taxonomy, morphology, range, and habits reviewed by Rosevear (1969) and Van der Straeten (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE30D71FAE3F86A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ivory Coast, Lamto.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE30D71FAE3F86A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Records are from Ivory Coast and Liberia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE30D71FAE3F86A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of defua (see discussion and references in Rosevear, 1969), but shown to be a separate species by Van der Straeten (1984). Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Chromosomal data reported by Tranier and Dosso (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FF150882FC1CFAD1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus defua Miller, 1900.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FF150882FC1CFAD1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another genus founded by Thomas and either relegated to Rattus as a subgenus or combined with Stochomys, which was then treated as a subgenus of either Rattus or Aethomys (see discussions in D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Rosevear, 1969; and Van der Straeten, 1984). The generic integrity of Dephomys was recognized by Misonne (1969) and Rosevear (1969), who also suggested it was not especially closely related to Stochomys, which was the conventional view. Molar characters and morphometric data clearly point to Hybomys as the closest phylogenetic ally of Dephomys (Misonne, 1969; Van der Straeten, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE302FDFC1BF534.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, W Shoa, Kutai, Katchisa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE302FDFC1BF534.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian plateau between 1500 and 3000 m (Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FEE302FDFC1BF534.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another Ethiopian endemic, and one that is common, judged from the large series in museum collections.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FF160CC1FAE6F617.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAFFFE2FF160CC1FAE6F617.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a genus by Allen (1939), but usually treated as a subgenus of Pelomys (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941; Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976). Most of the diagnostic traits described by Thomas (1910 b) are outside the range of morphological variation seen among species of Pelomys. Our study of specimens revealed that general external traits and cranial conformation of D. harringtoni, the only species in the genus, resemble species of Mylomys and Pelomys, but that Desmomys has its own derived dental patterns (ridge-like cusp t 9 connecting central cusp t 8 with labial cusp t 6 on first and second molars, ridge-like cusp t 7 on second upper molar). The phylogenetic relationships among species of Desmomys, Pelomys, and Mylomys has to be assessed by revisionary study. See the account of Mylomys for the status of rex, which is usually placed in Desmomys (Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0948F9D7FD02.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bihar, Hazaribagh, Mt Paresnath.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0948F9D7FD02.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from NE India and W Nepal; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0948F9D7FD02.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ingles et al. (1980) and Musser and Newcomb (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF420A3AFBC0FDC7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Diomys crumpi Thomas, 1917.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF420A3AFBC0FDC7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Misonne (1969) suggested that Diomys is related to Chiromyscus, Dacnomys, and Niviventer (Misonne used Maxomys for this group), but Musser and Newcomb (1983) hypothesized that Millardia, Cremnomys, and other Indian genera may be more closely allied to Diomys; both views require testing.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0881FC34FA89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Ryukyu Isis, Amami-oshima Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0881FC34FA89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Ryukyu Isis of Amami-oshima, Tokun-oshima, and Okinawa (known by modern specimens only in north, but by Quaternary fossils from farther south on island, and from Miyako Isl about 250 km S W of Okinawa) (see Kawamura, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF2E0881FC34FA89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Historical and incorrect allocation of legatus with Lenothrix and Rattus is reviewed by Kawamura (1989). Phylogenetic relationship, discerned from molar occlusal patterns, close to Rattus and far from Lenothrix; " phylogeny of this unique genus will be sufficiently understood, when the fossil murids from China, India and Southeast Asia will be investigated in detail " (Kawmura, 1989: 110). Chromosomal data reviewed by Tsuchiya (1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF400818FC76FC9C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lenothrix legata Thomas, 1906.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF400EA1F9A2F835.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Echiothrix leucura Gray, 1867.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF400EA1F9A2F835.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomas (1898 b: 397) explained why Echiothrix is the proper name and not Craurothrix, which he proposed thinking Echiothrix was preoccupied. Based upon shared cranial features, Thomas (1898 b) thought Echiothrix was related to the Philippine Rhynchomys and placed them in the Rhynchomyinae. Later workers disagreed (see summary in Musser, 1990), and, except to recognize that Echiothrix is an Old Endemic of Sulawesi (Musser, 1981 c), no one has discovered its closest phylogenetic ally. Spermatozoal morphology resembles that of Margaretamys, Maxomys, and in some aspects even Rattus, but is ambiguous in illuminating possible phylogenetic alliances (Breed and Musser, 1991). Revision of the genus required to determine if N and C Sulawesian samples represent one or two species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF280CD9FB23F6A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, N Sulawesi. Gray thought the holotype came from Australia, but Jentink (1883) thought the species would prove to be found only on Sulawesi, and Laurie and Hill (1954) listed the type locality as probably N Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF280CD9FB23F6A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: N arm and C core in tropical lowland evergreen rain forest (Musser, 1990; Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF280CD9FB23F6A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: External, cranial, and dental morphology reviewed by Musser (1969 b, 1990), karyotype of male documented by Musser (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF410284FB4BF551.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Eropeplus canus Miller and Hollister, 1921.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE1FF410284FB4BF551.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) allied Eropeplus closely with Rattus, but its nearest phylogenetic relative is Sulawesian Lenomys, an affinity supported by external, cranial, and spermatozoal characters (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1981 c; Tate, 1936). Spermatozoal morphology of Eropeplus and Lenomys was unique among Sulawesian taxa sampled (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE0FF2801BDFD97FE24.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Lehio, above 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFACFFE0FF2801BDFD97FE24.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Sulawesi; known only by small samples from a few places in montane tropical rainforest formations (Musser, 1970 d; Musser and Holden, 1991), but probably occurs throughout at least the central core of the island in suitable montane habitat.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF709EAFCBEFC17.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Dharwar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF709EAFCBEFC17.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Iran (Misonne, 1990), Pakistan, Nepal, N and NE India south through Indian peninsula to Sri Lanka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FF290900F93DFD27.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Golunda ellioti Gray, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FF290900F93DFD27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed and compared with Hadromys and Mylomys by Musser (1987). Pliocene fragments identified as a species of Golunda have been recorded from Ethiopia, but Musser (1987) explained why they do not represent this genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70EA6FB46F964.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Darfur, Wadi Aribo, Kulme.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70EA6FB46F964.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70EA6FB46F964.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually either listed as a subspecies of G. macmillani (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Setzer, 1956) or included in G. dolichurus (Misonne, 1974), but considered a distinct species by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70DB6FA1AF788.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Bassa, Gonyon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70DB6FA1AF788.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zone of high forest, coastal scrub or Guinea woodland in West Africa from Sierra Leone and Guinea to Ivory Coast and Liberia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70DB6FA1AF788.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Except for Misonne (1974), who included it in G. dolichurus, buntingi has always been listed or discussed as a species of Grammomys (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Petter and Trainer, 1975; Rosevear, 1969). Apparently G. buntingi is part of a suite of species endemic to W Africa: Dephomys defua, D. eburnea, Hybomys planifrons, H. trivirgatus, Hylomyscus baeri, Lemniscomys bellieri, Malacomys cansdalei, M. edwardsi, Myomys daltoni, M. derooi, and Praomys rostratus (Carleton and Robbins, 1985; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70395FC8BF5F5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Malindi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70395FC8BF5F5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Kenya and S Somalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FEF70395FC8BF5F5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype of Kenyan sample described and discussed by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), and chromosomal variation among individuals from S Somalia described and discussed in detail by Roche et al. (1984) who assigned their sample to the dolichurus group, but who also, and independant of Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), noted the distinctive quality of the Somalian species as indicated by chromosomal evidence.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FF290F14FB6AFA74.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus dolichurus Smuts, 1832.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE0FF290F14FB6AFA74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive genus as asserted by Ellerman (1941) and other workers (e. g., Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Rosevear, 1969), and unrelated to Thamnomys with which it has often been united as a subgenus (Allen, 1939; Hatt, 1940 fe; Hollister, 1919; Misonne, 1974; Petter and Tranier, 1975). Partly reviewed by Petter and Tranier (1975) and Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), who provided morphological, distributional, and chromosomal comparisons. Morphological and chromosomal similarities exist with Thallomys (Olert et al., 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE7FEF70126FBC0FC24.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Inhambane.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE7FEF70126FBC0FC24.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Pirie Forest (northwest of King William's Town) in SE Cape Prov. of South Africa north through Natal and Transvaal into E Zimbabwe (Melsetter and Umtali districts) and Mozambique south of the Zambezi River (see Meester et al., 1986; Smither and Tello, 1976; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFADFFE7FEF70126FBC0FC24.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The geographic range of G. cometes has been outlined as extending north from South Africa through East Africa to S Sudan (Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984) but pending revisionary study of the genus we restrict it to the eastern segment of the Southern African Subregion south of Zambezi River (similar to the rang mapped by Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 225), and consider samples north of that river to be G. ibeanus (see that account). We studied the holotype of cometes and the other specimens in the type series noted by Thomas and Wroughton (1908); these animals are on average larger and have more highly inflated bullae than do those from north of the Zambesi River. Ansell (1978) and Ansell and Dowsett (1988) assigned samples from Zambia and Malawi to cometes, but were also impressed with the chromatic and morphological contrast between them and the holotype from Inhambane. The specimen from the Pirie Forest (in the American Museum of Natural History) represents a range extension south of Natal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF2808E9F8B0F979.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, near Cape Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF2808E9F8B0F979.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Nigeria east to SW Ethiopia, south through N Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi, and to South Africa (Natal and Cape Prov.), and west through Zimbabwe and Zambia to Angola; limits of geographic range unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF2808E9F8B0F979.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The number of scientific names reflects morphological and chromosomal variation correlated with geography that suggests more than one species is represented (Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Meester et al., 1986); the complex requires careful revision. For example, specimens of true dolichurus from South Africa have duller pelage and more inflated bullae than animals from East and West Africa; should these prove to be diagnostic specific differences, the northern populations should be identified as G. surdaster. The Ethiopian locality is based on a specimen from Kefa (in the National Museum of Natural History) and not on those recorded by Yalden et al. (1976), which represent other species (see Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF290DA4FE57F7B1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Kenya Colony " (Uganda), Ruwenzori East, 6 - 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF290DA4FE57F7B1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: A montane Western Rift endemic: Ruwenzoris and Kivu region in Uganda and Zaire, NW Burundi (specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF290DA4FE57F7B1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species of Thamnomys by Thomas (1907 a) and listed that way by Allen (1939). Ellerman (1941), however, treated it as valid species of Grammomys, which, in the absence of a critical systematic revision of the genus, best expresses current knowledge. Thomas (1907 a) noted the diagnostic mammary count in dryas, which, in combination with cranial traits, set it apart from other described forms.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF29035BFC1AF654.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mt Kenya, Solai, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF29035BFC1AF654.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of Mt Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE7FF29035BFC1AF654.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recorded only by the holotype. Recognized as a species in most lists (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941). Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) insisted the species has to be recognized because of its large teeth, an opinion we share based on our study of the holotype; but the possibility that it may simply be a large individual of G. ibeanus is a hypothesis that deserves testing.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE6FF2902C6FB75FE71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Molo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE6FF2902C6FB75FE71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From extreme NE Zambia (Ansell, 1978) and Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988) north through SC Tanzania (specimens in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard) and Kenya to S Sudan (Hollister, 1919; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFAAFFE6FF2902C6FB75FE71.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological and geographic definition of G. ibeanus is unsatisfactory, particularly the extent of its distribution in Tanzania. Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) treated ibeanus as a form of G. cometes, but the striking morphological distinctions between samples of ibeanus and the type series of cometes prompted our specific ranking of ibeanus (see also account of G. cometes).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF50A9DFB05FB5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, north of Lake Rudolf, Wouida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF50A9DFB05FB5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Central African Republic, S Sudan, S Ethiopia, N Zaire, Kenya, Uganda (including Bugala Isl in Lake Victoria), Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and E Zimbabwe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF50A9DFB05FB5C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) provided historical association of the name with other taxa. Chromosomal variation (under name of gazellae) documented by Civitelli et al. (1989). The records form Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique are based on series in the American Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, and the National Museum of Natural History and represent significant range extensions beyond that outlined by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984). Judged by Roberts's (1938) description and our study of one of the specimens in his original series (24046 in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard), vumbaensis from E Zimbabwe (Vunba and Mount Seiinda) clearly belongs in the synonymy of G. macmillani rather than dolichurus where Meester et al. (1986) listed it. Matschie's (1915) usambarae from N Tanzania is also likely an example of macmillani because of its small size and short molar row.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF70FCCFC7AFAB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Ethiopia, Sidamo Prov., edge of Bulcha Forest, 1800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF70FCCFC7AFAB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Ethiopia; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF60E5DFAC7F786.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Limbareni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF60E5DFAC7F786.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tropical rain forest block and outlying patches: from Guinea (Mt Nimba) eastward through Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, S Nigeria to Central African Republic and Zaire, then south through Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon to N Angola. Also found on Bioko (= Fernando Poo) and in forest patches in W Uganda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FEF60E5DFAC7F786.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually considered a member of Thamnomys (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984), but external, cranial, and dental morphology is more similar to that characterizing species of Grammomys (where it was listed by D. H. S. Davis, 1965, and Misonne, 1974), and we include it within Grammomys pending critical systematic evaluation of samples now identified as rutilans. The form kuru, treated here and by D. H. S. Davis (1965) as a synonym of G. rutilans, is sometimes listed as a species (e. g., Ellerman, 1941), but with provisions (Hatt, 1940 a; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Thomas, 1915); our study of the holotype revealed it is a very young adult rutilans. Tranier and Dosso (1979) reported 2 N = 36 for an individual captured in Ivory Coast; this contrasts with 2 N = 50 usually recorded for G. rutilans (Matthey, 1963) and either signals exceptional chromosomal variation within rutilans or the presence of a morphologically undetected species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE5FEF002DCFDBCFE75.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Manipur, Moirang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE5FEF002DCFDBCFE75.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE India (Manipur to NW Assam) and S China (W Yunnan).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE5FEF002DCFDBCFE75.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1987). Closest relative is H. loujacobsi, known by fossil fragments from early Pleistocene sediments in Punjab region of N Pakistan (Musser, 1987). Yang and Wang (1987) described yunnanensis as a very distinctinve subspecies of H. humei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FF2A03A7F9E8F630.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus humei Thomas, 1886.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFABFFE6FF2A03A7F9E8F630.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually considered closely allied to Arvicanthis and its relatives, especially Golunda, but a combination of primitive and derived cranial and dental traits divorces Hadromys from that group: " best hypothesis now available on phylogenetic affinities is to consider the species of Hadromys to have been derived from some late Miocene ancestor, a species of Karnimata, for example " (Musser, 1987: 19).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1609C4FA5AFC49.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak, Penrisen Hills.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1609C4FA5AFC49.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo; known only from the type locality and Sabah (Chasen and Kloss, 1932).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1609C4FA5AFC49.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype and a specimen from Sabah; record from East Kalimantan by Medway (1977) is a nestling of Sundamys muelleri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1608D5FD34FA82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, NE Sulawesi, Minahassa, Rurukan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1608D5FD34FA82.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; recorded only from the NE peninsula and central core (Musser, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF1608D5FD34FA82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: External, cranial, and dental features clearly distinguish Sulawesi species from those on Borneo and Palawan. Two species occur in C Sulawesi, one restricted to tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, the other (yet to be named and described) found only in montane rain forest (Musser, 1990; Musser and Holden, 1991). Karyotype is primitive, spermatozoal morphology is distinctive (Musser, 1990; Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF160E8CF8B3F9DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah, Mt Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF160E8CF8B3F9DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, and East Kalimantan) and Palawan Isl (Philippines).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF160E8CF8B3F9DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by few specimens. A close phylogenetic relative of H. margarettae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF480AB2FBF9FD59.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus margarettae Thomas, 1893.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF480AB2FBF9FD59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sundaic and Sulawesian endemic. Cranial, dental, and spermatozoal morphology suggested a distant phylogenetic link to Chiropodomys (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983); chromosomal data was ambiguous in assessing its closest relatives (Musser, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF490D5AFA52F90D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hapalomys longicaudatus Blyth, 1859.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF490D5AFA52F90D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1972). One of the few genera with representatives in both Indochina and on the Sunda Shelf (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170C1EFC72F81A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Vietnam, Dakto.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170C1EFC72F81A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S China (Hainan Isl), N Laos, and S Vietnam; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170C1EFC72F81A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by few specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170307F94FF684.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Tenasserim, Sitang River Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170307F94FF684.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Burma, SW and peninsular Thailand, and Malaya Peninsula; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF170307F94FF684.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype uninformative about phylogenetic relationships (Yong, et al., 1982). Spermatozoal morphology similar to that of Chiropodomys and Maxomys, which also resembled the basic structure found in species of Mus and Apodemus (Breed and Yong (1986). Among Sundaic genera, H. longicaudatus may be most closely related to Chiropodomys, based on external and cranial traits (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF4802A5FD93F5B4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hylomyscus fumosus Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac, 1965.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE5FF4802A5FD93F5B4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinctive genus whose closest phylogenetic affinités have yet to be resolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE4FF170158FD63FE56.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Makokou.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE4FF170158FD63FE56.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Gabon, S Cameroon (Robbins et al., 1980), and Central African Republic (Petter and Genest, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA8FFE4FF170158FD63FE56.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species of Hylomyscus, but differs significantly from any species in that genus in morphological and chromosomal traits (Misonne, 1969; Robbins et al., 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80F34FB76FB0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Fernando Poo (Bioko), Mocatal, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80F34FB76FB0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Bioko.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80F34FB76FB0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Hybomys. Originally described as a subspecies of H. univittatus, but raised to specific rank by Van der Straeten (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80E1EFB6BF9E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Cameroon, Mt Lefo, Bambului, 1800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80E1EFB6BF9E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Mt Lefo and Mt Oku in W Cameroon (Bamenda-Banso highlands).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF80E1EFB6BF9E3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Hybomys. Definition of this species and its comparisons with others is discussed by Van der Straeten and Hutterer (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90D2FFD66F8EC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori East, Mubuku Valley, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90D2FFD66F8EC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE and E Zaire, W Uganda, and Rwanda; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90D2FFD66F8EC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Hybomys. Originally described as a subspecies of H. univittatus by Thomas, lunaris is a separate species according to the biometrical analyses of Van der Straeten et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90C3FFA7FF770.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Mt Coffee.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90C3FFA7FF770.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Sierra Leone, Liberia, SE Guinea, and W Ivory Coast, west of the Sassandra River (see map in Carleton and Robbins, 1985: 990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF90C3FFA7FF770.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Typomys. Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationship, and significance of distribution in Liberian forest refuge reviewed by Carleton and Robbins (1985). Additional data reported by Gautun et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FF120AD5FD03FBE4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus univittatus Peters, 1876.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FF120AD5FD03FBE4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Carleton and Robbins (1985) provided a general review of morphometric traits, qualitative features, chromosomal data, geographic distributions, taxonomic assessments, and ecological and zoogeographical discussions of several species, with a focus on West African forms. The species have traditionally been arranged into two groups and reflected taxonomically as either subgenera (Hybomys and Typomys) or genera (see Rosevear's, 1969, excellent exposition). Results of biometric analyses led Van der Straeten (1984) to argue strongly for recognizing two genera. Carleton and Robbins (1985: 983) corroborated that dichotomy with qualitative features and chromosomal data, but noted that whether “ Typomys and Hybomys merit generic segregation must await an evaluation of character variation among Hybomys and its near relatives. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF9039BFBC9F61B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana (= Gold Coast), Dabocrom.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF9039BFBC9F61B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From E Sierra Leone west to S Nigeria west of the Niger River (see map in Carleton and Robbins, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFE4FEF9039BFBC9F61B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Typomys. Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and geographic range reviewed by Carleton and Robbins (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFDBFEF90106FB6FFE72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Dongila.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFDBFEF90106FB6FFE72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From SE Nigeria (on E side of Cross River), through Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, S Central African Republic, Zaire and extreme NW Zambia to S Uganda and W Rwanda (see map in Carleton and Robbins, 1985: 990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFFA9FFDBFEF90106FB6FFE72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Hybomys. Review of species and comparisons with H. trivirgatus and H. planifions reported by Carleton and Robbins (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220816FC08F9A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Tasmania, Bruny Isl (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 157).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220816FC08F9A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia: freshwater lakes and rivers as well as swamp, salt marsh, and supralittoral habitats (absent from central Australian region); also found on Tasmania and numerous smaller islands off the coast of Austalia (Friend and Thomas, 1990; Watts and Aslin, 1981: 67); Kei Isis and Aru Isis; New Guinea: throughout most of the island from sea level to 1900 m (see map in Flannery, 1990 b: 188). Also on Obi Isl in the Moluccas (Flannery, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220816FC08F9A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered an Australian member of Hydromyini (Baverstock, 1984). Chromosomal data presented by Baverstock et al. (1977 c, 1983 b). Biochemical evidence supports weak link between H. chrysogaster and Xeromys (Baverstock et al., 1981). Morphology of spermatozoa and male reproductive tract discussed in context of comparative study of Australian murines (Breed, 1984, 1986; Breed and Sarafis, 1978; Morrissey and Breed, 1982). References to distributional, taxonomic and biological literature cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 156). Significance of variation in body size and pelage color needs to be assessed in context of critical systematic revision of the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF550AABFAEBFD0A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hydromys chrysogaster E. Geoffroy, 1804.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF550AABFAEBFD0A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian and New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167). Comparisons with Neotropical ichthyomyines made by Voss (1988). Flannery (1990 b) provided photographs and distributional and biological summaries of species. Phallic morphology of H. chrysogaster and H. habbema described by Lidicker (1968). Mahoney (1968) explained why Baiyankamys is a synonym of Hydromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF230D6AF942F8FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, 15 km N Mt Wilhelmina, Lake Habbema, 3225 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF230D6AF942F8FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, known only from the type locality and the NE slope of Mt Wilhelmina between 3560 and 3600 m (see Tate, 1951: 227); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220C2FF888F784.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Wissel Lakes, Lake Paniai, Enarotali, 1765 m (see Musser and Piik, 1982, for other details).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220C2FF888F784.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; known only from the Wissel Lakes region in Irian Jaya and from the Maprik area in East Sepik Prov. of Papua New Guinea (see maps in Flannery, 1990 b: 186; Musser and Piik, 1982: 156); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220C2FF888F784.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Overall morphology and anatomical propotions of H. hussoni are like those of H. chrysogaster, although it is much smaller than that species (Musser and Piik, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220389FA5BF643.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bismarck Archipelago, New Britain Isl, Wide Bay, Balayang, Bainings.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220389FA5BF643.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from New Britain Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDBFF220389FA5BF643.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in H. chrysogaster by Ziegler (1982 b: 883), but it was recognized as a New Britain endemic by Flannery and White (1991) and should retain this status until the significance of its diagnostic traits can be assessed in a systematic revision of the large-bodied forms of Hydromys, as Tate (1951: 236) already noted.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDAFF2102CFFA27FD81.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, SE Bismarck Range, Purari-Ramu Divide, Baiyanka, 6500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDAFF2102CFFA27FD81.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; recorded only along Papuan Central Cordillera from Hagen Range in the west to Mt Kaindi area in the east (localities 1 - 4 that were mapped as “ H. habbema " in Musser and Piik, 1982: 156).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF96FFDAFF2102CFFA27FD81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although identified as H. habbema, specimens from Papua New Guinea were noted to exhibit significant morphological differences from true habbema in Irian Jaya, not only in body size but also in certain cranial proportions (Mahoney, 1968; Musser and Piik, 1982; Tate, 1951). These and other contrasts support the hypothesis of an eastern (shawmayeri) and a western (habbema) species, a pattern that is common to other New Guinea murines (Pseudohydromys murinus and P. occidentalis, for example). Mahoney (1968) discussed the problems associated with the original holotype of shawmayeri, which was described as a species of Baiyankamys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEFF0F2BFA1FF96D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Bitye, Ja River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEFF0F2BFA1FF96D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: The central forest block from Equatorial Guinea (Bioko = Fernando Poo) to Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Zaire, W Uganda, and NW Burundi; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEFF0F2BFA1FF96D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: H. aeta is easily distinguished from all other species of Hylomyscus by its distinct supraorbital shelves. Hatt (1940 a) tenatively included aeta, shoutedeni, and weileri in H. carillus but our study of samples and holotypes does not support his arrangement. Variation in body size exists among the samples but its significance has not been assessed by careful study. The range in Burundi is based on specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History. Swynnerton and Hayman (1951: 316) listed a record from the Uluguru Mtns in EC Tanzania but we have not been able to verify it. Chromosomal data were reported by Robbins et al. (1980). Eisentraut's (1969 b) grandis from Mt. Oku is a separate species (Hutterer, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEF80DB0F981F60A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Poo (= Bioko), Gulf of Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEF80DB0F981F60A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko = Fernando Poo); and W Africa from Guinea (Mt. Nimba) to Gabon and Cameroon; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFEF80DB0F981F60A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: We do not follow Rosevear (1969) in restricting H. alleni to Fernando Poo, and agree with Eisentraut (1969 b) and Robbins et al. (1980) in recognizing the species in W Africa (based on our study of Eisentraut's series and other specimens). Robbins et al. (1980) reported sympatry between alleni and stella in S Cameroon, as well as cranial and chromosomal distinctions. However, the morphological differences they noted are slight and variable even with a single sample, the karyotypes have the same 2 N of 46 and only differ slightly in fundamental numbers (68 versus 70), and they did not demonstrate that the contrasts did not represent intrapopulational variation. The chromosomal contrasts are not impressive considering that a sample of H. Stella from Burundi had 2 N = 48 and NF = 86 (Maddalena et al., 1989). Some authors (Heim de Balsac and Aellen, 1965; Brosset et al., 1965) regard simus as the species distributed throughout W Africa and into Angola, and stella to be the form in C Africa, but we follow Rosevear (1969) in not being able to distinguish any sample that could be called simus. The definitions of both alleni and stella on continental Africa need clarification, as Rosevear (1969) so cogently discussed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFF110998FD44FBE7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Epimys aeta Thomas, 1911.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFDAFF110998FD44FBE7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic, distributional, and biological summaries of West African forms provided by Rosevear (1969). Morphometric, distributional, and chromosomal data for some species in Camaroon reported by Robbins et al. (1980). Species from Ivory Coast reviewed by Heim de Balsac and Aellen (1965). Distributions of species listed below based primarily on study of museum specimens. See Rosevear (1969) and Robbins et al. (1980) for taxonomic history of the alternating use of Hylomyscus as a genus or subgenus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFD9FEF80117FE5EFE6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ivory Coast, Adiopodoume.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFD9FEF80117FE5EFE6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Ivory Coast and Ghana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF97FFD9FEF80117FE5EFE6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Distributional and morphometric data summarized by Robbins and Setzer (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F0AB3FA12FD59.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Andongo, Pungo, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F0AB3FA12FD59.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F0AB3FA12FD59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Associated with either H. aeta (see Hatt, 1940 a) or H. alleni (see Allen, 1939), the affinities of carillus are closer to H. stella (based on our study of the holotype and series from Pungo in the British Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F09C2FE7DFAC0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Mubuku Valley, Ruwenzori East, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F09C2FE7DFAC0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane forest islands from WC Angola, extreme E Zaire, Uganda W Rwanda, and Kenya through Tanzania to NE Zambia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF2F09C2FE7DFAC0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The species was superficially reviewed by Hatt (1940 a) and more thoroughly by Bishop (1979). The records of H. carillus from Chitau and Hanha in WC Angola (Hill and Carter, 1941: 98) are based on examples of H. denniae. additional samples (in the Field Museum of Natural History) were collected in the same region on Mt. Moco and Mt. Soque. Although a long way west from the nearest records of H. denniae, most morphological characteristics of the Angolan series fall within the range of variation among samples now defined as H. denniae. That variation, however, is appreciable, especially in body size, and its significance in determining whether one or more species is present in what is now regarded as denniae has to be assessed by systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280E4AFACBF9EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Belinga, 800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280E4AFACBF9EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and E Zaire, S Central African Republic, N Gabon, and S Cameroon (see map in Dudu et al., 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280E4AFACBF9EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species discussed by Dudu et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280D33FC2AF756.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Zaire, Ituri Forest, between Mawambi and Avakubi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280D33FC2AF756.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Gabon, Cameroon, S Nigeria, Central African Republic, S Sudan to Zaire, N Angola, Uganda, and W Kenya to EC Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF280D33FC2AF756.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The new records from Sudan and N Angola are documented by specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History; those from Tanzania are in the British Museum of Natural History. Some east African samples were reviewed by Bishop (1979). Using electrophoretic traits, Iskandar et al. (1988) documented two species occurring together in NW Gabon. One is stella but they could not place a name on the other. Recognizable morphological variation exists among the samples of H. stella and its significance has to be assessed by critical systematic revision. The variation in 2 N and FN among samples identified as H. stella was documented by Robbins et al. (1980) and Maddalena et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF5C03D5FE56F5EF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hyomys meeki Thomas, 1904 (= Mus goliath Milne-Edwards, 1900).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD9FF5C03D5FE56F5EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Phallic morphology documented by Lidicker (1968). Photograph and distributional and biological data summarized by Flannery (1990 b). Whether only one or more species are present in this genus has never been satisfactorily resolved (Flannery, 1990 b; Riimmler, 1938; Tate, 1951), but examination of museum specimens revealed the two species listed below.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD8FF2A013EF8DAFE02.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Weyland Range, Kunupi Mt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD8FF2A013EF8DAFE02.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; from Weyland Range and Snow Mts in Irian Jaya east along Central Cordillera to Schrader Range and the Mt Hagen and Nondugl region in Papua New Guinea; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF94FFD8FF2A013EF8DAFE02.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of H. meeki (Rümmler, 1938; Stein, 1933), dammermani is a small-bodied species with only traces of white wisps about the ears.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE1090FFBC7FCD9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., highlands of Aroa River basin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE1090FFBC7FCD9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; Central Cordillera from Mt Dayman in the east to Kratke Mts in the west, and mountains of Huon Peninsula; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE1090FFBC7FCD9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This is the large-bodied species with prominent white auricular tufts that is identified as meeki in the older literature.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF1B085EF929FC21.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus canus sodyi Bartels, 1937.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF1B085EF929FC21.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The only murine genus endemic to Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE108EFFD2BFAAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Gunung Pangrango-Gede, 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE108EFFD2BFAAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE108EFFD2BFAAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology, natural history, and comparisons with Rattus and Lenothrix reported by Musser (1981 a). Represented only by modern series collected in W Java during 1933 - 1935, and subfossil fragments from C and E Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Among Sundaic murines, Kadarsanomys has no close phylogenetic allies, but some cranial and dental traits suggest a distant relationship with Rattus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF140E88FB54F9F4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus rintjanus Sody, 1941.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF140E88FB54F9F4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An endemic of Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE20D26F928F8E4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, Pulau Rintja, Lohoboeaja.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE20D26F928F8E4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nusa Tenggara: islands of Rintja, Padar, and Flores; probably occurs on other islands in the Lesser Sunda chain (e. g., Komodo).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE20D26F928F8E4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dental morphology tied Komodomys to Papagomys, another endemic of Nusa Tenggara found only on Flores Isl (Musser, 1981 c; Musser and Boeadi, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE20305FC5BF755.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Cameroon, Mt Oku.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FEE20305FC5BF755.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by a small sample from Mt Oku (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1988; Fülling, 1992; Petter, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF140C40FA98F81A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lamottemys okuensis Petter, 1986.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFD8FF140C40FA98F81A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive genus whose closest phylogenetic relative is probably Oenomys (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1988; Petter, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFDFFF1403D5F98FFE21.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus forresti Thomas, 1906.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF95FFDFFF1403D5F98FFE21.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes included in Pseudomys, but a distinctive genus that is a member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: l 67), which includes the Conilurini, which is where Leggadina is usually placed (Baverstock, 1984). Some species of Pseudomys, namely delicatulus and hermannsburgensis, are often included in Leggadina (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) but only forresti and lakedownensis belong there (Mahoney and Posamentier, 1975; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Data from microcomplement fixation of albumin indicates that L. forresti is so distinct from Pseudomys that it forms a separate clade that is also isolated from all the other Australian endemics (Watts et al., 1992). Morphology of the male reproductive tract, external anatomy of the glans penis, and spermatozoal structure documented in context of comparative study of Australian murines by Breed (1980, 1984, 1986), Morrissey and Breed (1982), and Lidicker and Brylski (1987). Biochemical and chromosomal data discussed by Baverstock et al. (1976 a, 1981, 1983 b). Taxonomic, distributional, and biological references for species catalogued by Mahoney and Richardson (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF160AEFFCE1FCFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Alexandria (for additional information, see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF160AEFFCE1FCFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Inland Australia; W half of Queensland, NW New South Wales, N South Australia, S Northern Territory, and scattered in Western Australia, incl. Thevenard Isl (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF170822FE54FB31.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Lakeland Downs, 110 km north of Cooktown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF170822FE54FB31.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; N Queensland, where it has been recorded only from region of Princess Charlotte Bay and Lakeland Downs (see Watts and Aslin, 1981: 211), and Western Australia at Kimberley (specimens in the Western Australian Museum; Watts, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF170822FE54FB31.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF170822FE54FB31.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species distinguished from its close relative L. forresti by a suite of morphological, biochemical, and chromosomal traits (Baverstock et al., 1976 a; Watts, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF160EDEFBB8F889.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco (= " Barbaria, " see Allen, 1939).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF160EDEFBB8F889.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, W Sahara, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya N Uganda, Tanzania, and E Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF160EDEFBB8F889.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Significance of the considerable variation in coat color and pattern as well as body size among geographic samples will have to be assessed by a careful systematic revision. Closest relative is L. hoogstraali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100C97FC43F77A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ivory Coast, Ayeremou (= Lamto).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100C97FC43F77A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea and Doka woodland of Ivory Coast.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100C97FC43F77A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). A relative of L. macculus, according to Van der Straeten (1975), who also recorded chromosomal information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF1103A2F98FF6B4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Jinga country, Muene Coshi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF1103A2F98FF6B4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF1103A2F98FF6B4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphometrically related to L. rosolia (Van der Straeten, 1980 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100259FA27F5DF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Upper Nile Prov, Paloich, 12 mi N Niayok.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100259FA27F5DF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF100259FA27F5DF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype. A member of the Lemniscomys barbarus group. Dieterlen (1991) summarized current knowledge of this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF4A0FF7F932FA33.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus barbarus Linnaeus, 1766.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDFFF4A0FF7F932FA33.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data is summarized for several species by Gautun et al. (1985) and Filippucci et al. (1986). Karyological and morphological comparisons between L. striatus and L. bellieri are reported by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1978 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDEFF110143FA96FE87.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal (= French Gambia), Gamon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDEFF110143FA96FE87.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan savanna and forest clearings in Senegal and Ivory Coast (see map in Van der Straeten, 1980 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF92FFDEFF110143FA96FE87.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once treated as a subspecies of L. griselda (Allen, 1939), but now considered a separate species related to L. griselda and L. rosalia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFC0A8AF9CEFD5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, SE Ruwenzori, Mokia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFC0A8AF9CEFD5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Savannahs of NE Zaire, S Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFC0A8AF9CEFD5D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979 a). The species is often confused with L. striatus, but occurs sympatric with it (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFD09C1FC0CFC48.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Lake Oku.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFD09C1FC0CFC48.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFD09C1FC0CFC48.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in striatus by Misonne (1974), but treated as a separate species by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1980), who also suggested it has morphometric affinities with L. macculus and L. bellieri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFE08D3FCD5FAB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Nguru Mtns, Monda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFE08D3FCD5FAB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Namibia, South Africa (E Natal and Zululand, C and N Transvaal), E Swaziland, Zimbabwe, C and N Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and S Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFE08D3FCD5FAB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once included in L. griselda (Allen, 1939), but now considered a distinct species (Van der Straeten, 1980 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFF0E62FA75F9C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zambia, Zambezi (= Baiovale), 1015 m (see Van der Straeten, 1980 b, for additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFF0E62FA75F9C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Solwezi in Zambia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEFF0E62FA75F9C0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Related to the L. rosalia complex (Van der Straeten, 1980 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF80D4AFAFCF830.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " India " (= Sierra Leone; see Allen, 1939: 394).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF80D4AFAFCF830.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone west to Ethiopia, and south into NW Angola and through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zaire, and Tanzania into NE Zambia and N Malawi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF80D4AFAFCF830.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF90254FE7DF536.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, NE peninsula, Menado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF90254FE7DF536.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from N, C, and SW Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFEF90254FE7DF536.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by a small extant series from the N peninsula and central core, and by both modern specimens and subfossils from the SW peninsula of Sulawesi (Musser, 19704; 1984). A second species (yet to be named and described) is known only from subfossil fragment collected in SW arm of Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFF130CF6FE6DF6CB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus meyeri Jentink, 1879.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF93FFDEFF130CF6FE6DF6CB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sulawesi endemic reviewed by Musser (19704, 1981 c, 1984). Simpson (1945) listed Lenomys as a member of the Phloeomyinae along with Coryphomys, Pogonomys, Mallomys, Phloeomys, Chiropodomys, and Crateromys, but no evidence supports this arrangement. External, cranial, and spermatozoal traits tied Lenomys phylogenetically close to Eropeplus, another Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1609E0FBC5FBF5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Tuangku Isl (west of Sumatra).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1609E0FBC5FBF5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula, Penang Isl, Tuangku Isl, and Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1609E0FBC5FBF5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Historical allocations of canus to either Rattus or Lenothrix, as well as comparisons between L. canus and other Sundaic endemics documented by Musser (1981 a-c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF4A0A2BFCF3FD3E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lenothrix canus Miller, 1903.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF4A0A2BFCF3FD3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal and biochemical data suggested a close phylogenetic link between Lenothrix and Niviventer (Chan et al., 1979), but derived dental morphology is shared with Pithecheir, and spermatozoal conformation is highly divergent from any Sundaic murine. In sum, Lenothrix is a Sundaic endemic characterized by many primitive external, cranial, dental, and chromosomal features and a few derived dental and spermatozoal traits; despite several claims, its phylogenetic relationships still require illumination (see discussions in Breed and Yong, 1986; Musser, 19816; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF160D11F97BF84B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, mountains of W Fujian (probably Kuatun).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF160D11F97BF84B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India (W Bengal, Sikkim, N Assam), N Burma, S and C China (to S Anhui; Liu et al., 1985), N Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, and W Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF160D11F97BF84B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Requires taxonomic revision. Samples from Indochina may represent a different species than the one sampled from Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Musser, 19816). In additon to synonyms assembled by Musser (19816), Xu and Yu (1985) recently described hainanensis. Phallic morphology described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF4A0F33FB02FA0C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus sabanus Thomas, 1887.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF4A0F33FB02FA0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Definition and contrasts with Rattus and Niviventer provided by Musser (19816), who also reviewed morphological, chromosomal, and distributional characteristics. Leopoldamys is dentally similar to Berylmys, Maxomys, and Niviventer. Sperm morphology united Leopoldamys with Berylmys, Sundamys, and Rattus (Breed and Yong, 1986), but alliance is based on shared spermatozoal form that is likely primitive. Analyses of chromosomal traits suggested Leopoldamys is more closely related to Bandicota, Berylmys, Nesokia, Rattus, and Sundamys, than to Lenothrix, Maxomys, or Niviventer (Gadi and Sharma, 1983); biochemical data separated Leopoldamys far from Rattus (Chan et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF170CD6F88BF73A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Thailand, Saraburi Prov, Kaengkhoi Dist, " outside the entrance to the bat cave, half-way up the face of a wooded limestone cliff, 200 meters altitude. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF170CD6F88BF73A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and W Thailand.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF170CD6F88BF73A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Thai endemic. See Musser (19816: 237) for discussion of original publication.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1703E4FAAAF50E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1703E4FAAAF50E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and smaller islands on the Sunda Shelf.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF90FFDDFF1703E4FAAAF50E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Appreciable morphological variation exists between samples from north and south of Isthmus of Kra, and among insular samples from the Sunda Shelf; systematic revision is required to assess whether variation is characteristic of one or more than one species (Musser, 19816). The name macrourus has priority over sabanus, but is based on a specimen of uncertain origin (Musser, 19816).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF40A2DFDF3FD53.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Mentawai, Pulau Sipora.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF40A2DFDF3FD53.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Mentawai Archipelago; islands of Siberut, Sipora, North Pagai, and South Pagai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF40A2DFDF3FD53.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: L. siporanus joins Maxomys pagensis, Chiropodomys karlkoopmani, Rattus lugens, Iomys sipora, Hylopetes sipora, Petinomys lugens, Callosciurus melanogaster, Sundasciurus fraterculus, and Lariscus obscurus as part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawi Archipelago.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF508B3FD20FB0E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, South Australia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF508B3FD20FB0E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia: once found in S Northern Territory, C and SE Western Australia, South Australia, and western parts of New South Wales and Victoria, but now presumed to be extinct; extent of former range indicated by specimens caught in late 1800 ' s and early 1900 ' s and distribution of empty stick nests (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 159; Watts and Aslin, 1981: 152).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF508B3FD20FB0E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF50E1EF998F87A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, Polia area, about 45 miles from Laidley Ponds.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF50E1EF998F87A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; once ranged on mainland from lower Darling River to Nullarbor Plain in New South Wales, South Australia, and SE corner of Western Australia, and presumed to be extinct; living population on Franklin Isl in the Nuyt's Archipelago of W South Australia (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 160; Watts and Aslin, 1981: 147).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF50E1EF998F87A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFEF50E1EF998F87A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetic significance of spermatozoal morphology reported by Breed and Sarafis (1978); chromosomal morphology described by Baverstock et al. (1977 c). Electrophoretic data indicated L. conditor is phylogenetically closely allied to Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981), but information from analyses of phallic and dental morphology placed L. conditor in same monophyletic group as Conilurus and Mesembriomys, to the exclusion of Pseudomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Misonne, 1969), which is also supported by albumin data (Watts et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFF2809C8F9BDFC68.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hapalotis apicalis Gould, 1853.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFF2809C8F9BDFC68.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167), which includes the Conilurini where Baverstock (1984) listed Leporillus. Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFF280CBEFC5BF620.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Leptomys elegans Thomas, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFDCFF280CBEFC5BF620.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Most lists and faunal studies published since 1951 recognized only one species in Leptomys (Flannery, 1990 b; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Menzies and Dennis, 1979; Tate, 1951), but Rummler's (1938) revision in which he identified two species (elegans and ernstmayri), and Tate and Archbold's (1938) description of a third (signatus) accurately reflects the known diversity. A derived cephalic arterial pattern, along with other morphological features, is shared by Leptomys, Mayrmys, Neohydromys, Pseudohydromys, and Lorentzimys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Certain phallic traits (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), also united Leptomys and Lorentzimys. Chromosomal data were provided by Donnellan (1987), but whether the sampled species was L. elegans or L. ernstmayri is unclear.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFD3FEF602EDFB3FFEA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea (= " British New Guinea "), Central Prov., Astrolabe Range behind Port Moresby (according to Tate, 1951: 223, but Laurie and Hill, 1954: 132 noted that no exact locality was published).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFD3FEF602EDFB3FFEA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from Owen Stanley Range below 1250 m from region near and northwest of Port Morseby east to Mt Dayman; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF91FFD3FEF602EDFB3FFEA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Poorly represented in museum collections.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF140A72F8B4FCE7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov., Huon Peninsula, Saruwaged Mts, Ogeramnang, 1785 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF140A72F8B4FCE7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea (above 1250 m in Owen Stanley Range from Mt Dayman west to Kratke Mts and Purosa region in Eastern Highlands Prov., then northeast to mountains on Huon Peninsula; probably occurs farther west in Papuan Central Cordillera, but limits unknown); Irian Jaya (Arfak Mts only; limits unknown).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF140A72F8B4FCE7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species distinguished from L. elegans by the diagnostic and distributional traits enumerated by Rümmler (1932). It is endemic to mountain rainforest and in Owen Stanley Range replaces L. elegans at elevations above 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF16082AFA4DFB89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Western Prov., Sturt Isl Camp, Fly River (N bank), near Fairfax Isis, sea level.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF16082AFA4DFB89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality along lower Fly River; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF16082AFA4DFB89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The diagnostic traits Tate and Archbold (1938) used to separate this species from the other two identify a lowland population of Leptomys that shows no morphological intergradation with samples of either L. elegans or L. ernstmayri. This species is still known only by the four examples in the type series.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF490FA0F930FA85.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Limnomys sibuanus Mearns, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF490FA0F930FA85.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic history and past erroneous association with Rattus reviewed by Musser (1977 b), and Musser and Heaney (1992). Revised by Musser and Heaney (1992), who considered Limnomys a member of the Philippine New Endemics.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF160E8AFB96F9A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, SE Mindanao, Mt Apo, 6600 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF160E8AFB96F9A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Between 6200 and 9000 ft on Mt Apo and Mt Malindang, Mindanao.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF160E8AFB96F9A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by seven specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF100C9FFCECF761.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Marais Mukaba, Parc National du Kahuzi-Biega.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF100C9FFCECF761.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF100C9FFCECF761.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. Apparently occurs in swampy areas above 2000 m in montane regions of central African Rift Valley. The specific status of cinereus was questioned by Dieterlen (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF1003ADFB22F5B9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Shoa, probably Ankober (see explanation in Allen, 1939).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF1003ADFB22F5B9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From NE Angola throughout Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, and south through Tanzania, to Malawi, N Zambia, and N Mozambique; an isolated segment in Ethiopia. See map in Dieterlen (1976 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF1003ADFB22F5B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. Chromosomal data for sample from Burundi was reported by Maddalena et al. (1989). The appreciable character variation among samples probably reflects more than one species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF490D81FCA6F873.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lasiomys afer Peters, 1866 (= Mus sikapusi Temminck, 1853).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD3FF490D81FCA6F873.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Dieterlen (1976 b, 1987), who recognized two subgenera, Lophuromys and Kivumys (1987). Related to Acomys and Uranomys (our studies; Watts, in litt.; Denys and Michaux, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD2FF110164FCD3FE72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Ituri Dist, Medje.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD2FF110164FCD3FE72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from NE and E Zaire (Medje, Irangi, Bafwasende, and Tungula (see map in Dieterlen, 1987); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9EFFD2FF110164FCD3FE72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Kivumys. References to this poorly known species were summarized by Dieterlen (1975, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEF90A9CF928FD9B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Lemera-Nyabutera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEF90A9CF928FD9B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane forests of E Zaire and Rwanda above 2000 m (see map in Dieterlen, 1987); a montane Western Rift endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEF90A9CF928FD9B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Kivumys. Information summarized by Dieterlen (1975, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA0979FA94FC3F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Bale Dist, Dinshu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA0979FA94FC3F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C Ethiopia, west of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (Dieterlen, 1987) and east of the Rift Valley in the Bale Mtns, 3100 - 4050 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA0979FA94FC3F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. Endemic to Afro-alpine moorland of Ethiopia where it shares habitat with the other moorland specialists Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Arvicanthis blicki, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, and Otomys typus (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988; Yalden et al., 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA08E2FB8EFAAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Buia country, Efulen.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA08E2FB8EFAAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from W Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko = Fernando Poo), and Gabon (see map in Dieterlen, 1978 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFA08E2FB8EFAAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. Included in L. sikapusi by Misonne (1974), but is a distinct species (see discussion in Rosevear, 1969). Dieterlen (1978 b) explained why naso is a synonym. The karyotype of specimens from Cameroon was described by Verheyen and Van der Straeten (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0E77FE7FF962.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Kivu, Bogamanda near Lemera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0E77FE7FF962.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from montane forest in E Zaire (Kivu) and Rwanda above 1800 m; limits unknown, possibly a montane Western Rift endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0E77FE7FF962.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. Distributional and biological information summarized by Verheyen (1964 a), Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1983), and Dieterlen (1976 b, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0DAAFA42F7D0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Dabacrom.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0DAAFA42F7D0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Sierra Leone through West Africa to Zaire, Uganda, and W Kenya; also in N Angola (see map in Dieterlen, 1976 b: 10).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB0DAAFA42F7D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Lophuromys. West African samples were reviewed by Rosevear (1969). Dieterlen (1978 b) described eisentrauti as a subspecies in the Bamenda highlands of W Camaroon, but Hutterer et al. (1992) raised it to species rank. Chromosomal information summarized by Gautun et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB033CFCB5F65C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori East, Mubuku Valley, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB033CFCB5F65C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire, W Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; a montane Western Rift endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FEFB033CFCB5F65C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Kivumys. The impressive genic differences between this species and L. flavopunctatus prompted Verheyen et al. (1986) to suggest that the two may belong in different subgenera, reflecting Dieterlen's (1976 b) earlier conclusion based on morphology. Chromosomal data for sample from Burundi were reported by Maddalena et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FF2E02DAF919F50C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Lorentzimys nouhuysi Jentink, 1911.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9FFFD2FF2E02DAF919F50C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Photograph, distributional and biological information summarized by Flannery (1990 b: 197). Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968). Analyses of phallic traits (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) indicated Lorentzimys and Leptomys are related, a hypothesis also supported by dental features and shared derived cephalic arterial pattern.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF000A30F906FD70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Noord (= Lorentz River), Bivak 2400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF000A30F906FD70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Records are from S lowlands and middle altitudes, throughout Central Cordillera from Mt Wilhelm region in the west to Mt Dayman in the east, and the Torricelli Mtns (see map in Flannery, 1990 b: 197); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF000A30F906FD70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Some authors recognized alticola as a species (Lidicker, 1968; Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Tate, 1951). Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF00086AF88DFBC9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Weyland Range, Mt Kunupi, 1400 - 1800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF00086AF88DFBC9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF00086AF88DFBC9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF00086AF88DFBC9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly endemic to Weyland Range. Still represented by very few specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010F55FE76FA6D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands Prov., Kratke Mtns, Buntibasa Dist, 4000 - 5000 ft m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010F55FE76FA6D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; known from a few mid-altitude localities on N slopes of Central Cordillera in Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, and on Huon Peninsula (Mt Rawlinson); see map in Flannery (1990 b); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010F55FE76FA6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phallic morphology and its systematic significance described by Lidicker (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF3B09A9FAACFCA0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Macruromys elegans Stein, 1933.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF3B09A9FAACFCA0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Distributional and biological information summarized by Flannery (1990 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010CA9FD93F721.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Oda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010CA9FD93F721.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forest zone of S Ghana, S Ivory Coast, and E Liberia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF010CA9FD93F721.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Rautenbach and Schütter (1978) considered cansdalei a subspecies of M. longipes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF0103EFFD37F5F9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia (= Rep. of Guinea), Mellacoree (= Melikhoure) River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF0103EFFD37F5F9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and southern regions of Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF0103EFFD37F5F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Chromosomal data reported by Matthey (1958) and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF3A0ECDF922F865.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Malacomys longipes Milne-Edwards, 1877.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD1FF3A0ECDF922F865.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Study of dental features led Misonne (1969: 106) to write that " Malacomys stands apart from all the other African genera by its unusual dental characters. This is an advanced genus which cannot be clearly related to any other one. " However, external, cranial, and dental traits indicates Malacomys to be phylogenetically closely allied with Praomys, particularly through the morphologically annectant M. lukolelae, a species usually included in Praomys and relegated to the P. tullbergi complex (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990). Two revisions (Rautenbach and Schütter, 1978; Van der Straeten and Verheyen, 1979 b) provided somewhat different evaluations of morphological variation and its interpretation in context of specific diversity.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD0FF000125F9B9FE8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Gaboon River (vicinity of Ogooue, Gabon; see Rautenbach and Schütter, 1978: 414).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD0FF000125F9B9FE8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea (Mt Nimba) eastward to S Sudan, Uganda and Rwanda, south to NW Zambia and NE Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9CFFD0FF000125F9B9FE8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data reported by Viegas-Pequignot et al. (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFD0A91FCD3FC93.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Lukolela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFD0A91FCD3FC93.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFD0A91FCD3FC93.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Petter (1975 c) recorded lukolelae from Central African Republic, but the specimens we have seen from that series represent an undescribed species of Praomys; M. lukolelae is still only represented by the three specimens in the type series (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990). Originally described by Hatt (1934 b) as a subspecies of Praomys tullbergi, but lukolelae's long and very slim hind feet, tip of short fifth digit extending only to base of digital pad of fourth digit, very large ears, cranial conformation, and molar dental patterns associate it with Malacomys, especially M. verschureni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFE087EFA25FB37.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Mamiki.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFE087EFA25FB37.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from NE Zaire (eastern edge of Central African high forest block).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEFE087EFA25FB37.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Original description was based on one specimen (Verheyen and Van der Straeten, 1977), and the species is still represented by very few examples (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1984; Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1982). Chromosomal information reported by Robbins and Van der Straeten (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80D05FDE8F8D2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., head of Aroa River (see Flannery et al., 1989, for other data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80D05FDE8F8D2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Papuan Central Cordillera from Mt Sisa in the west to Mt Simpson in the east; also highlands of Huon Peninsula (see map in Flannery et al., 1989: 95).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80C3AFD26F7AE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, 2 km E Mt Wilhelmina, 3800 m (see Flannery et al., 1989, for details).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80C3AFD26F7AE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Snow Mts; known only from vicinity of the type locality and Mt Carstenz (see map in Flannery et al., 1989: 97).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80C3AFD26F7AE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinctive species known only by a few specimens collected between 2400 and 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80370F95EF631.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Mt Hagen Dist., Korelum (Flannery et al., 1989, provided additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80370F95EF631.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; high altitudes along Central Cordillera from Mt Victoria in Owen Stanley Range of E Papua New Guinea to Bele River region in Irian Jaya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FEF80370F95EF631.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Published records are only from the Central Cordillera in Papua New Guinea (see map in Flannery et al., 1989: 97), but one specimen (in the American Museum of Natural History, 151342) comes from 18 km N of Lake Habbema in Irian Jaya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FF110FF7FBDEFA19.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mallomys rothschildi Thomas, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD0FF110FF7FBDEFA19.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a member of the Phloeomyinae by Simpson (1945), but no data supports such an allocation. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Revised by Flannery et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD7FEF802DEF966FE5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Owen Stanley Range, between Mt Musgrave and Mt Scratchley, 5000 - 6000 ft (Flannery et al., 1989 provided additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD7FEF802DEF966FE5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Central Cordillera, from Weyland Range in W Irian Jaya to Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea (see map in Flannery et al., 1989: 93).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9DFFD7FEF802DEF966FE5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: M. rothschildi and M. aroaensis are thought to be sympatric at a few localities (Flannery et al., 1989), but the morphological variation present among samples requires re-examination to test whether it reflects presence of one or two species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF3A0ADFFA64FDA1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Malpaisomys insularis Hutterer, Lopez-Martinez, and Michaux, 1988.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF3A0ADFFA64FDA1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by Late Pleistocene and Holocene samples.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF07096FFCE1FA5E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canary Islands, Fuerteventura Isl, Cueva Villaverde near La Oliva, at stratigraphic level dated about 1070 before present (see Hutterer et al., 1988 for additional information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF07096FFCE1FA5E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from the islands of Fuerteventura, Lanzorote, and Graciosa in the Canary Isls (see map in Hutterer et al., 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF07096FFCE1FA5E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: M. insularis, the lava mouse, has been recorded from sediments dated between 25,000 and 32,000 years before present up to historical times when the species became extinct, sometime between 800 years before present and now (Hutterer et al., 1988; Michaux et al., 1991). Reconstruction and study of the postcranial skeleton suggest the species was adapted to living in lava fields (Boye et al., 1992). Boye et al. (1992) reported that about 2000 years before present, Mus musculus was apparently casually imported to the islands by humans who also arrived then, and from that time to the historical period, populations of M. insularis declined and were progressively replaced by house mice. This interaction between lava mice and house mice is the hypothesized causual reason for extinction of the lava mice. Malpaisomys insularis is part of a mammalian fauna endemic to the eastern Canary Islands that includes the shrew Crocidura canariensis (Hutterer et al., 1987 a; Michaux et al., 1991; Boye et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF010DEDFDFFF817.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, NE peninsula, Menado-Langowah.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF010DEDFDFFF817.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE and C Sulawesi in lowland tropical evergreen rain forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF010DEDFDFFF817.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: History of incorrect taxonomic allocations of beccarii recorded by Musser (1971 e, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF010CF8F9CBF750.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Nokilalaki, 6500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF010CF8F9CBF750.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 5300 - 7500 ft in montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs on mountains elsewhere in central core of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF390EDDFE74F921.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus beccarii Jentink, 1880.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF390EDDFE74F921.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological, chromosomal, and distributional features monographed by Musser (1981 b). Spermatozoal morphology distinctive and similar among the three species (Breed and Musser, 1991). Member of the Sulawesi Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF0103BDF9DEF6AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Nokilalaki, 7400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD7FF0103BDF9DEF6AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 6000 - 7500 ft in montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs elsewhere in mountainous central part of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD6FF39028AFD4DFDA2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus coucha Smith, 1834.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9AFFD6FF39028AFD4DFDA2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The historical taxonomic use of Mastomys as a genus or subgenus of either Rattus or Praomys is summarized by Meester et al. (1986). Important to studies of specific diversity, biogeography, and medicine, samples of Mastomys have been examined in several contexts (see reviews by Keogh and Price, 1981, and Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Definition of species by chromosomal and biochemical traits from some regions (Duplantier et al., 1990 a; Green et al., 1980; Hubert et al., 1983) has proceeded faster than definitions based on morphology. The result is a new view of species-diversity in the genus, but also an ignorance of morphological limits of those species and their real geographic distributions. Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989) analyzed all the taxa associated with Mastomys but did not allocate any of them to species. We can tie only those associated primarily with South African samples to species following Meester et al. (1986) but otherwise list no synonyms and refer readers to Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989). The genus requires careful taxonomic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEFF096DFC8AFB40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Capangombe, interior of Mossamedes (additional information provided by Crawford-Cabral, 1989 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEFF096DFC8AFB40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola and S Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEFF096DFC8AFB40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes placed in Myomys or Myomyscus (Allen, 1939; D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Hill and Carter, 1941), angolensis is more closely related to species of Mastomys (Crawford-Cabral, 1989 b; Misonne, 1974). It is morphologically similar to M. shortridgei and some authors treat the latter as a subspecies of M. angolensis (Ansell, 1978; Ellerman et al., 1953). M. angolensis is either sympatric (Hill and Carter, 1941; Crawford-Cabral, 1983) or altitudinally parapatric (specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History from Mt. Soque) with what is probably M. natalensis. CrawfordCabral (1989 b) proposed Praomys angolae, which is apparently nothing more than a renaming of angolensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80FCDF991F89B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, N Cape Prov., between Orange River and Tropic of Capricorn (see Meester et al., 1986: 286).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80FCDF991F89B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (E and N Cape Prov., Zululand, Lesotho, Orange Free State, S and W Transvaal), S and W Zimbabwe, C Namibia (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 270); extent of range beyond this region unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80FCDF991F89B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Characterized by 2 N = 36 (FN = 56) and a distinctive hemoglobin electromorph, coucha occurs sympatrically with M. natalensis, which is distinguished by different hemoglobin pattern and 2 N = 32, FN = 54 (Green et al., 1980). The two species also differ in cranial, phallic, and spermatozoal morphology as well as reproductive behavior, ultrasonic vocalizations, and phermones (see references in Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Synonyms listed are only those pertaining to samples from South Africa for reasons explained by Meester et al. (1986); of these, Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989) regarded marikquensis to be a Myomys, and Robbins (in Meester et al., 1986) claimed it may be a species distinct from Myomys verreauxii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80C86F97DF706.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80C86F97DF706.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, occurs also from Gambia and Senegal eastward through W Africa to S Ethiopia and Somalia, and south through E Africa to E Zaire (Kivu Dist) and Burundi; southern limits in E Africa unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF80C86F97DF706.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal (2 N = 38, FN = 52) and electrophoretic data clearly set this species apart from other Mastomys with which it occurs (see Duplantier et al. 1990 a, b, and references therein); it is sympatric with M. hildebrandtii (called huberti in the reference) and what might be M. natalensis in Senegal (Duplantier et al., 1990 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF9020BFB3AF526.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Taita, Ndi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF9020BFB3AF526.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Senegal and Gambia east through West Africa to Central African Republic and N Zaire, extending to Djibuti and Somalia, then south to Burundi and Kenya; southern limits in E and W Africa unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF9BFFD6FEF9020BFB3AF526.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: According to Qumsiyeh et al. (1990), hildebrandtii is an older name for huberti, the Mastomys with 2 N = 32, FN = 44. Geographic range is abstracted from the map in Hubert et al. (1983). This is not the same species as M. natalensis from South Africa which is also characterized by 2 N = 32, but a different FN (54; Duplantier et al., 1990 a), hemoglobin pattern (C. B. Robbins et al., 1983), and apparently serum proteins (Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060A21FA9AFC1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Port Natal (= Durban).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060A21FA9AFC1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from South Africa (S and E Cape Prov., Transkei, Natal, E Transvaal), Zimbabwe, C and NE Namibia (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 268); apparently also EC Tanzania (Morogoro, see Leirs et al., 1989) and Senegal in W Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060A21FA9AFC1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Characterized by 2 N = 32, FN = 54 and a distinctive hemoglobin electromorph (Green et al., 1980). Samples with these chromosomal features have also been found in Senegal (Duplantier et al., 1990 «) and EC Tanzania (Leirs et al., 1989). This species probably occurs in Angola, S Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, and farther north in Tanzania and perhaps may even range more extensively in W Africa, but at this time samples from those regions have not been identified by linking chromosomal and biochemical data to morphology. Realizing this problem, some regional faunal accounts provisionally list specimens under M. natalensis (e. g., Ansell and Dowsett, 1988, for Malawi mammals). Listed synonyms are only those pertaining to South Africa for reasons explained by Meester et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060F03FDB4F9B8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Kenya, Amala (Mara) River; see Allen (1939: 406) and Misonne and Verschuren (1964: 655) for details.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060F03FDB4F9B8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Published records are from SW Kenya, NW Tanzania, and Rwanda (Misonne and Verschuren, 1964); limits are unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060F03FDB4F9B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) listed pernanus as a distinctive species of Rattus in the subgenus Mastomys, but earlier Allen (1939) had treated it as a species of Myomys. Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989) claimed this a possibility. Misonne and Verschuren (1964, 1966 b), however, discussed the problem and concluded that pernanus should be associated with Mastomys. Either postulated generic association is unsupported by critical analyses of comparative data so the allocation of pernanus remains clouded. The species is known by very few specimens (Misonne and Verschuren, 1964; 114439 in the American Museum of Natural History is from NW Tanzania).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060D63F880F841.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Namibia, Grootfontein Dist., Okavango-Omatako junction.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060D63F880F841.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme NW Botswana and NE Namibia in the region of the confluence of Okavango and Kwito rivers (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 270).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF060D63F880F841.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy reviewed by Meester et al. (1986: 285). Some workers considered shortridgei closely related to or the same as M. angolensis (Meester et al., 1986). Occurs sympatrically with other species of Mastomys (Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF070CCDF8ACF769.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Bornu Region, Mudu (see Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989, for more information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD5FF070CCDF8ACF769.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: " Known only from Nigeria and Cameroon savanna area immediately surrounding the southern part of Lake Chad " (Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989: 9).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD4FF3A03CEF8B2FE86.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus bartelsii Jentink, 1910.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF98FFD4FF3A03CEF8B2FE86.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Definition and contents of Maxomys provided by Musser et al. (1979), who discussed historical allocations of species to groups of Rattus, and summarized chromosomal information. The exclusion of Maxomys from Rattus was also supported by biochemical data (Chan et al., 1979). Morphological analyses indicated that Maxomys shares all its derived molar traits with Berylmys, Mus, and Niviventer, and some of its external features with Mus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Hypothetical phylogenetic estimate of relationships based on karyotypic data placed Maxomys close to Niviventer and Lenothrix and far from Rattus (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Spermatozoal morphology of Malayan Maxomys and one Sulawesian species was similar to Chiropodomys and Hapalomys, a configuration also like that seen in Mus and Apodemus (Breed and Musser, 1991; Breed and Yong, 1986). Sperm conformation in the other species of Sulawesian Maxomys were unlike the Malayan species and resembled that of the Sulawesian endemic Margaretamys (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFA0A8BF8D2FD2B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu (" from a high level ").	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFA0A8BF8D2FD2B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from two mountains in Sabah, N Borneo (from 3500 to 11,000 ft on Gunung Kinabalu, and also on Gunung Trus Madi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFA0A8BF8D2FD2B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The name alticola was once applied to populations from lower elevations on Gunung Kinabalu, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra (Chasen, 1940), but was shown to represent a distinct species endemic to mountains of Sabah (Medway, 1964, 1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB09F6FDCBFC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB09F6FDCBFC15.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from a few scattered localities in Sabah and Sarawak (N Borneo).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB09F6FDCBFC15.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinctive species represented in collections by few specimens (Musser et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0F06F8BCFB04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Gunung Pangerango-Gede, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0F06F8BCFB04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to the mountains of W and C Java (Van Peenen et al., 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0F06F8BCFB04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology, chromosomes, and geographic distribution reviewed by Van Peenen et al. (1974); skull and dentition illustrated in Musser and Newcomb (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0E16FCABF9C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Quarles Mtns, Rantekaroa, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0E16FCABF9C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Type locality and Gunung Tanke Salokko in the SE peninsula of Sulawesi; known only from high elevations in montane forests.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0E16FCABF9C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Ellerman as a subspecies of Rattus hellwaldii, but shown to be a distinct species by Musser (1969 c), and morphologically allied to M. hellwaldii (Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0D4DFB22F832.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, NE peninsula, Menado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0D4DFB22F832.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Throughout Sulawesi in tropical lowland evergreen rain forest (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEFB0D4DFB22F832.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Among Sulawesian representatives of Maxomys, M. hellwaldii is most closely related to M. dollmani (Musser, 1991). Spermatozoal morphology was unlike species of Malayan Maxomys studied, and more similar to species of Margaretamys, another Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40CDCFA01F754.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Korinchi Peak, 7300 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40CDCFA01F754.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to montane forests in mountainous backbone of W Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40CDCFA01F754.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: At one time listed as a subspecies of alticola (Chasen, 1940), but later reinstated as a distinctive species (Medway, 1964; Musser et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF403C6FA1FF5F8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Perak (Malay Peninsula), Gunung Inas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF403C6FA1FF5F8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic of Malay Peninsula (and possibly Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra) in montane forests, rarely occurring below 3000 ft (Medway, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF403C6FA1FF5F8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once treated as a subspecies of alticola (Chasen, 1940), but identified as a separate species by Medway (1964). A close phylogenetic ally to M. whiteheadi, as indicated by morphological, biochemical, chromosomal, and spermatozoal traits (Breed and Yong, 1986; Chan et al., 1978, 1979; Yong, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40124FA7BF503.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Korinchi Peak, Sungei Kumbang, 4700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40124FA7BF503.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to mountain forests of W Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF99FFD4FEF40124FA7BF503.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: One of the most distinctive species of Maxomys, as reflected by its wide rostrum and inflated nasolacrimal capsules (Musser et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060A23FA16FD80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Vietnam, Lang Bian Mtns, Arbre Broyé, 5400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060A23FA16FD80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to S Vietnam and S Laos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060A23FA16FD80.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species by Robinson and Kloss (1922), later listed as a subspecies of either surifer or coxingi, but finally shown to be a distinct species (Musser et al., 1979; Van Peenen et al., 1969). Closest phylogenetic relative is M. surifer, an estimate based on cranial, dental, and chromosomal traits shared by both species (Duncan and Van Peenen, 1971; Musser et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF05098DFCA6FC0E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, NE peninsula, Menado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF05098DFCA6FC0E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Throughout Sulawesi (Musser, 1991; Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF05098DFCA6FC0E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered conspecific with Sundaic M. whiteheadi by Ellerman and MorrisonScott (1951), but musschenbroekii is a distinct species endemic to Sulawesi (Medway, 1977; Musser, 1991). Spermatozoal morphology more similar to that described for Malayan species of Maxomys than to sperm of other sampled Sulawesian species (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060F1FFCA5FA96.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu, below 3000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060F1FFCA5FA96.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sabah and Sarawak (N Borneo), and East Kalimantan (E Borneo); apparently restricted to hills (Medway, 1964).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060F1FFCA5FA96.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once treated as a lower altitudinal subspecies of the higher montane alticola (Chasen, 1940), but the two species are sympatric at 3500 ft on slopes of Gunung Kinabalu (Medway, 1977).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF050E7BFC92F901.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Mentawai, Pulau Pagai Selattan (S Pagai Isl), off coast W Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF050E7BFC92F901.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to islands of South Pagai, North Pagai, Sipora, and Siberut in Mentawai Archipelago.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF050E7BFC92F901.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually listed as a subspecies of M. surifer (Chasen, 1940), but treated as a species by Musser et al. (1979). Closest phylogenetic relative is probably M. surifer. Part of the rodent fauna endemic to Mentawi Archipelago (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060C0CFBECF7AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Palawan Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060C0CFBECF7AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EndemictoBalabac, Palawan, Busuanga, and Culion Isis; politically part of Philippines, butfaunisticallyan extension ofthe Sunda Shelf.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060C0CFBECF7AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treatedinthepastasa subspeciesofM. surifer, but morphological features supporteditsindependenceasa species; uncertain whetherit is more closely related toM. suriferorM. rajah (Musseretal., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060375FA46F615.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sarawak (N Borneo), Gunung Batu Song.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060375FA46F615.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to the Sunda Shelf; Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, Sumatra, amd Borneo; absent from Java and Bali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCBFF060375FA46F615.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution similar in broad outline to that of M. whiteheadi. Occurs sympatrically with M. surifer, and although samples of each are often misidentified, the two differ in a suite of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and biochemical features (Chan et al., 1979; see references in Musser et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCAFF0602F8F90CFC98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peninsular Thailand, Trang.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCAFF0602F8F90CFC98.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina (S Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam) and the Sunda Shelf (Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and many smaller islands).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF86FFCAFF0602F8F90CFC98.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The only species of Maxomys with a range encompassing Indochinese and Sundaic faunal regions. The two groups of samples differ in morphological features, and the significance of this variation should be determined in a careful systematic revision of the genus. Berylmys bowersii, Chiropodomys gliroides, Leopoldamys sabanus, and L. edwardsi have roughly concordant geographic ranges and demonstrate similar geographic variation (Musser et al., 1979; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Comparative spermatozoal morphology documented by Breed and Yong (1986), chromosomal and biochemical data summarized by Chan et al. (1979) in phylogenetic context.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00882F9E6FBA2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Tambusisi, Tambusisi Damar, 4700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00882F9E6FBA2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 4700 - 6000 ft on Gunung Tambusisi, C Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00882F9E6FBA2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A morphologically distinctive species; assessing its phylogenetic relations to other species will require systematic revision of Maxomys (Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00F6CFA0BF9AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00F6CFA0BF9AF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and various adjacent islands; absent from Java and Bali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF00F6CFA0BF9AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sundaic endemic. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) included whiteheadi in the Sulawesi musschenbroekii, but the two are separate species (Chasen, 1940; Medway, 1977; Musser, 1991; Musser et al., 1979; Tate, 1936). Spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986), and data from biochemical, morphological, and cytological studies (Chan et al., 1978, 1979; Yong, 1969) pointed to a close relationship between M. whiteheadi and the Malayan M. inas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF20CC0FC5AF6C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Chimbu Prov., Bismarck Range, N slopes of Mt Wilhelm, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF20CC0FC5AF6C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from scattered localities along Central Cordillera from Telefomin region in west to Wau area in the east (see map in Flannery 19906: 183).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF20CC0FC5AF6C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Flannery (19906: 183) provided a photograph of the animal and a summary of distributional and biological data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFF240D8CFC74F85E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mayermys ellermani Laurie and Hill, 1954.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFF240D8CFC74F85E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167). Phallic morphology similar to Neohydromys (Lidicker, 1968). Mayermys, Leptomys, Neohydromys, and Pseudohydromys share a derived configuration of cephalic arterial pattern (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFF240260F8BDF5C7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Melasmothrix naso Miller and Hollister, 1921.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFF240260F8BDF5C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1982 c). Closely related to Tateomys as judged by morphological, ecological, and spermatozoal characters (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1982 c). Placed in the group of Sulawesian Old Endemics by Musser (1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF2014AF8D7F502.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Rano Rano, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF87FFCAFEF2014AF8D7F502.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; known only from upper montane rain forest at Rano Rano and on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs on other mountains in central core of island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1E08DBFD05FAD4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Pulau Seram, Mt Manusela, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1E08DBFD05FAD4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Seram Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1E08DBFD05FAD4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tate (1951: 292) suggested a relationship between M. aerosus and the New Guinea M. levipes group, but cranial morphology indicates M. aerosus to be more closely related to Australian species of Melomys, especially M. cervinipes, than to the endemic Melomys of New Guinea (data from specimens in the British Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0E46FCFBF990.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Bougainville Isl, Bouin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0E46FCFBF990.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to islands of Buka and Bougainville in Solomon Arch. (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0E46FCFBF990.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although historically treated as a subspecies of M. rufescens, M. bougainville is a separate species known by small samples of extant and archaeological specimens (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0D7DF9A1F666.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, near Derby.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0D7DF9A1F666.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; along the coast " from just south of the New South Wales-Queensland border, north to the tip of Cape York, and in coastal areas of the Northern Territory and north-eastern Western Australia " (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 84); also found on many offshore islands, including those in Torres Strait. New Guinea; patchy distribution (grassland habitats) on both sides of Central Cordillera, near sea level to 2200 m (see map in Flannery, 19906: 231); also on Woodlark Isl in d'Entrecasteax Arch., and Misima Isl in Louisiade Arch.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF1F0D7DF9A1F666.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Results of chromosomal and electrophoretic studies reported by Baverstock et al. (1977 c, 1980, 1981, 19836). Anatomy of male reproductive tract and spermatozoal morphology presented by Breed and Sarafis (1978), Morrissey and Breed (1982), and Breed (1984, 1986). We follow Tate (1951) and Mahoney and Richardson (1988) in treating populations from Australian and New Guinea region as a single species, but the complex needs revision using data from morphological, chromosomal, and molecular sets to assess significance of the variation apparent both among samples from New Guinea and between those from New Guinea and Australia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC8FF1F02A9FB1AFE9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Nesbit River, Rocky Scrub (E of Coen), 1500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC8FF1F02A9FB1AFE9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Queensland, Iron and Mcllwraith Ranges of Cape York (north of Cooktown).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC8FF1F02A9FB1AFE9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of M. cervinipes by Tate (1951: 295), but separated as a distinct species by Baverstock et al. (1980), who based their conclusions on differences in blood proteins; otherwise, the two species are similar in morphological traits and body size (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 82). Other electrophoretic results presented by Baverstock et al. (1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF300A2FFB93FC36.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Uromys rufescens Alston, 1877.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF84FFC9FF300A2FFB93FC36.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian and New Guinea region Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c, 19826). Morphological and distributional limits need revision. Currently, three primary groups can be recognized: (1) species endemic or indigenous to New Guinea region (fellowsi, gracilis, leucogaster, levipes, lorentzii, mollis, moncktoni, platyops, and rufescens); (2) Australian species (capensis, cervinipes, rubicola), one occurring on Australia and New Guinea (burtoni), and some Moluccan species (aerosus, fraterculus, and obiensis); (3) New Guinea lanosus and rattoides. Data from microcomplement fixation of albumin indicated Australian Melomys was closely related to Uromys and in the same monophyletic group with Mesembriomys, Leporillus, Conilurus, and Zyzomys (Watts et al., 1992). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references to Australian species; Flannery (19906) summarized the same for many of the New Guinea Melomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEFB0A81FCC7FC05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Stradbrook Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEFB0A81FCC7FC05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; extant range is closed forest and more open habitat along the E Australian coast from Cooktown region of Cape York in Queensland south to Gosford area of New South Wales (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 79). Late Pleistocene specimens indicated distribution once extended farther south to the Pyramids Cave region in Victoria (Wakefield, 1972 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEFB0A81FCC7FC05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Anatomy of male reproductive tract and spermatozoa reported by Breed and Sarafis (1978), Morrissey and Breed (1982), and Breed (1984, 1986). Chromosomal morphology, G-banding homologies, and results of electrophoretic analyses presented by Baverstock et al. (1977 c, 1980, 1981, 1983 b), who (1980) reported that M. cervinipes was phylogenetically close to M. capensis, but electrophoretically distant, having experienced a rapid rate of electrophoretic evolution relative to that found in M. capensis and M. burtoni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF40F09FBA6FAF4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Purari-Ramu Divide, Baiyanka, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF40F09FBA6FAF4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from a few places at high elevations in the central highlands; see map in Flannery (1990 b: 222).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF40F09FBA6FAF4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species that resembles M. rufescens and M. leucogaster in some morphometric features (Menzies, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50E26FBB2F99F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Pulau Seram, Mt Manusela, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50E26FBB2F99F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Seram Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50E26FBB2F99F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in Pogonomelomys by Riimmler (1938), kept there by Tate (1951), but returned to Melomys by Laurie and Hill (1954). Based on our study of specimens, Melomys fraterculus shares many derived cranial features with the Australian M. cervinipes complex and is probably more closely related to the indigenous Australian Melomys than to those on New Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50D85FA82F752.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Papua New Guinea, Northern Prov., Angabunga (St Joseph's) River, Owgarra, 1800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50D85FA82F752.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; specimens from high altitudes (above 1200 m) along Central Cordillera from Owen Stanley Range (type locality, head of Aroa River, Mt Tafa, Mafulu,) through the Eastern Highlands (Garaina area, Wau region, Kratke Mts, Upper Ramu River Plateau, Okapa area) to the slopes of Mt Hagen (Tomba).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFC8FEF50D85FA82F752.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although usually listed as a subspecies or synonym of M. rufescens (Flannery, 1990 b; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951), M. gracilis is a separate species. It is sympatric with M. rufescens in the Kratke Mts, on the Upper Ramu River Plateau, in the Okapa area, and at Tomba (specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and the British Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFCFFEF603BCF945FDD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Doormanpad-bivak (3 ° 30 ' S, 138 ° 30 ' E), 2400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFCFFEF603BCF945FDD2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountain forests (not recorded below 1500 m) of N New Guinea; from the type locality in Irian Jaya eastward along Central Cordillera through the Telefomin region, Schrader Range, Kratke Mts, and Mt Hagen region to the Wau area of Papua New Guinea; also from Cyclops Range in the N coastal mts; not known from Huon Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF85FFCFFEF603BCF945FDD2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Once treated as a subspecies of M. levipes, lanosus, as Flannery (1990 b: 230) noted, is a separate species. It is unrelated to M. levipes, but instead is phylogenetically allied with M. rattoides, a larger-bodied species that displaces it in lower altitudes. This close association was also reflected in Menzies' (1990) similarity coefficient analysis. Our study of specimens in the American Museum of Natural History revealed that Melomys lanosus and M. rattoides share derived traits (only one pair of teats, and the derived cephalic arterial circulation and its osseous reflection in the cranium; see figures in Musser and Heaney, 1992) not found in any other species of Melomys. Any systematic revision of Melomys will have to determine whether these two species are members of that genus, which seems unlikely. Flannery listed shawmayeri as a synonym of M. rattoides, but holotype is example of M. lanosus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF06093CFA1EFBF2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, S Irian Jaya, Lorentz River, Alkmaar, 300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF06093CFA1EFBF2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; S side of Central Cordillera from the type locality in Irian Jaya east to E Papua New Guinea on the mainland (see map in Flannery, 1990 b: 234); also Yule Isl off the coast of E Papua New Guinea in Central Prov., Conflict Isis, and Rossel Isl in Louisiade Arch., Moluccas, Seram and Talaud Isis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF06093CFA1EFBF2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A close morphological relative of M. rufescens. Melomys leucogaster is one of the few New Guinea species that also occurs on archipelagos to the SE and W of that island continent. The population on Rossel Isl was listed as M. arcium by Laurie and Hill (1954), and that on Seram and the Talauds as M. fulgens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF000F1CFD47F946.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Papua, Central Prov., Sogeri Plateau, Haveri, 700 m (additional information provided by Laurie and Hill, 1954: 121, and Menzies, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF000F1CFD47F946.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea, S Central Prov.; Sogeri Plateau and Atrolabe Range near Port Moresby, below about 700 m; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF000F1CFD47F946.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A lectotype was designated by Menzies (1989), but Rümmler (1938) had already indicated which of Thomas' two cotypes should be considered the holotype. Our examination of series indicated that true levipes is documented by the holotype and Tate's (1951: 291) series from Baruari and Itiki in the Astrolabe Range (other material Tate lists as M. levipes is either M. platyops or M. mollis). All the other records usually associated with M. levipes (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951) represent M. lanosus, M. lorentzii, M. mollis, and M. rattoides. In morphology and altitudinal distribution, M. levipes is very similar to M. lorentzii and may represent the SE Papuan form of that species, an alliance also discerned by Thomas (1913 b). A specimen from New Britain in the American Museum of Natural History (194397) is cranially and dentally similar to M. levipes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF010DC9FB17F61A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Lorentz River, Resi Camp, 900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF010DC9FB17F61A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; specimens are from Vogelkop (Oransbari), Weyland Range (midaltitudes), and along the south side of Central Cordillera, from Rapare River in SW Irian Jaya to middle altitudes and lowlands of the Fly River drainage in Papua New Guinea; limits unknown. Altitudinal range from sea level to about 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCFFF010DC9FB17F61A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The form naso is usually listed as a subspecies of M. levipes (Flannery, 1990 b; Laurie and Hill, 1954), but Rümmler (1938) correctly identified the holotype as an M. lorentzii. Tate's (1951: 296) sturti was described as a subspecies of M. moncktoni, but the holotype and type series are examples of M. lorentzii. The form iveylandi, from the Weyland Range in SE Irian Jaya, is usually listed as a subspecies of M. levipes, but specimens in the type series are examples of M. lorentzii. Usually listed as a subspecies of M. levipes (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951), lorentzii is a distinct species that resembles M. levipes in many morphological traits; however, M. moncktoni may be closer to M. lorentzii judged by Menzies's (1990) morphometric similarity coefficient analysis. Significance of the appreciable variation in body size among samples needs to be assessed in a revision of M. lorentzii, and a phylogenetic inquiry into its closest relatives.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCEFF010107FD15FD9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Nassau Range, upper Utakwa River, S slope Mount Carstenz, Camp Padang, 6 c, 5500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCEFF010107FD15FD9F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; scattered in montane forest throughout Central Cordillera from Arfak Mtns in Vogelkop of Irian Jaya to Mt Dayman in extreme E Papua New Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF82FFCEFF010107FD15FD9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Specimens representing M. mollis have been identified as M. levipes in the literature, and the synonyms listed here have also been associated with that species. However, judged by our study of specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and the British Museum of Natural History, Melomys mollis is a distinct species tied to montane forest formations and differs from M. levipes in habitat and morphology. Specimens from W Irian Jaya are more darkly pigmented than those from E Papua, but series from Papuan Central and Eastern highlands bridge this chromatic gap.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF40982FCE4FA82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Northern Prov., NE coast, 8 ° 30 ' S, 148 ° 20 ' E (Kumusi River).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF40982FCE4FA82.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; reliable records are from coastal plains and foothills (not exceeding 700 m) of extreme SE Papua New Guinea, from the type locality on the NE coast eastward to southern lowlands where westernmost record is from foothills northeast of Port Morseby area; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF40982FCE4FA82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Horizontal and altitudinal distributions of this species have been misunderstood due to incorrect identifications of specimens. Melomys moncktoni was thought to have a primarily southern distribution from Irian Jaya to Papua, and to extend up into moss forest (see map and discussion in Flannery, 1990 b: 225), but all samples from moss forest represent other species. Examples of M. moncktoni come only from the restricted range described above (based on series in the American Museum of Natural History and the British Museum of Natural History). The forms intermedius, shawi, and sturti are usually associated with M. moncktoni (Flannery, 1990 b; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951), but the holotype of shawi is a M. rubex, the type series of intermedius belongs to M. platyops, and the type series of sturti represents M. lorentzii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50E8DFD00F958.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Malukus, Pulau Obi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50E8DFD00F958.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Obi Isl, S of Halmahera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50E8DFD00F958.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Judged by morphological traits, a close relative of M. fraterculus from Seram, and more closely related to Australian Melomys cervinipes than to any New Guinea species, an observation gleaned from our study of specimens and earlier recorded by Tate (1951: 297).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50DC0FC97F5C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., head of Aroa River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50DC0FC97F5C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, lowlands and midmountain altitudes both north and south of the Central Cordillera, and on islands; in the north from Nabire (coastal lowlands) in NW Irian Jaya to the east end of Papua New Guinea, then west through S New Guinea to the Utakwa River in SW Irian Jaya. Also occurs on islands of Yapen (Japen) and Biak in Irian Jaya; New Britain in the Bismarck Arch.; and the isls of Normanby, Fergusson, and Goodenough in the d'Entrecasteaux Arch. Altitudinal range from sea level to 900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCEFEF50DC0FC97F5C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was thought to range primarily throughout N New Guinea (see map in Flannery, 1990 b: 224) but our reidentification of museum specimens and holotypes reveals otherwise. The form intermedius was originally described as a subspecies of M. moncktoni (see Riimmler, 1938), but type series from Utakwa River (type locality) in SW Irian Jaya have only one hair per scale (all M. moncktoni have three hairs per scale), as does M. platyops, and their cranial, dental, and other external traits are also characteristic of platyops, not moncktoni. Most of the 25 topotypes Tate (1951: 297) identified as M. moncktoni sturti from the lower Fly River are also examples of M. platyops. Geographic variation in body size exists among samples of M. platyops, and a careful systematic revision of the species is required to assess its significance.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCDFEF6014FFB8AFD55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, NW Irian Jaya, Mamberano River, Pionier-bivak (2 ° 20 ' S, 138 ° 0 ’ E), 200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCDFEF6014FFB8AFD55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; N slopes and lowlands from the type locality in Irian Jaya through slopes N of Idenberg River to the Telefomin region in West Sepik Prov. of Papua New Guinea (Flannery and Seri, 1990); also on Pulau Yapen (Japen Isl); limits of range unknown. No records from above 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF83FFCDFEF6014FFB8AFD55.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The distribution is based on the few reliable identifications of samples. Tate's (1951: 290) records of M. rattoides from Cyclops Mts, for example, were based on M. lanosus, as were the easternmost dots on Flannery's (1990 b: 229) map. Closest relative is M. lanosus, which occurs in moss forests at altitudes higher than the distribution of M. rattoides (see account of M. lanosus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C09C6FA83FB7B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Mamberano River, Doormanpad-bivak, 1410 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C09C6FA83FB7B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; above 800 m in the Central Cordillera from the Arfak Mtns in Irian Jaya to Mt Dayman at the end of the Owen Stanley Range in SE Papua New Guinea; also in the Torricelli Mtns and Huon Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C09C6FA83FB7B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The many names applied to M. rubex reflect morphological variation among some samples that is concordant with interrupted highland distributions. Taxonomic status of some names associated with rubex briefly reviewed by Menzies (1974). The form shawi is usually listed as a subspecies of M. moncktoni (Laurie and Hill, 1954: 123), but the holotype is an example of M. rubex.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1D0FA7FA0BFA30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Torres Strait, Bramble Cay, about 9 ° S, 144 ° E.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1D0FA7FA0BFA30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; endemic to Bramble Cay at the extreme northern end of the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland (Limpus et al., 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1D0FA7FA0BFA30.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Studies of blood proteins and morphology suggested M. rubicola was closely related to M. capensis, which is endemic to Cape York in N Queensland (Limpus et al., 1983). Structure of sperm head described by Breed (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C0EDDFD04F7D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Duke of York Isl. or adjacent parts of New Britain or New Ireland " (Tate, 1951: 304).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C0EDDFD04F7D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; throughout the island continent, from the Vogelkop in Irian Jaya to the east end of Papua New Guinea, coastal lowlands to high altitudes in mountains. Also on New Britain, Duke of York Isl, and New Ireland (see Flannery and White, 1991) in the Bismarck Arch.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1C0EDDFD04F7D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The significant geographic variation in morphological traits present among samples allows recognition of four distinct groups; rufescens from N and W New Guinea and the Bismarck Arch., niviventer from Fly River drainage, stalkeri from E Papua New Guinea, and hageni from the Eastern Highlands (based on our study of specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and the British Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1E0338FDFFF6F9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Buka Isl, Kilu rockshelter.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1E0338FDFFF6F9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Buka Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF1E0338FDFFF6F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species known only by archaeological fragments (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF37023FFA31F5A9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus hirsutus Gould, 1842 (= Hapalotis gouldii Gray, 1843).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCDFF37023FFA31F5A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167), which includes the Conilurini where Baverstock (1984) placed Mesembriomys, and closely related to Leporillus and Conilurus (Watts et al., 1992). Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 164) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCCFF1E0174FD78FDB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Port Essington.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCCFF1E0174FD78FDB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; N Western Australia, N Northern Territory, N Queensland, Melville Isl, and Bathurst Isl (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Friend, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF80FFCCFF1E0174FD78FDB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Analyses of chromosomal and electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977 «, c, 1981, 1983 b) as well as phallic and dental morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Misonne, 1969) indicated M. gouldii is phylogenetically most closely related to species of Conilurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFD0964FDF1FC71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, " at a small mainland creek, Mermaid Strait " (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 164).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFD0964FDF1FC71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Western Australia and N Northern Territory (see map and discussion in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 128); probably extinct in NW central region of Western Australia (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 164).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0F6BFE62FA7F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, West Sepik Prov., Torricelli Mtns, Mt Somoro, 1350 m (see Flannery, 1989, for details).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0F6BFE62FA7F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0F6BFE62FA7F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by the holotype. A very distinct Microhydromys that is part of a highland fauna endemic to the N Coast ranges of Papua New Guinea (Flannery, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0EA1F9A4F8EE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Idenburg River, 4 km SW Bernhard Camp, 850 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0EA1F9A4F8EE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; scattered localities in hill forest from type locality east to Sogeri in Port Moresby region (see map in Flannery, 19906: 184).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFEFE0EA1F9A4F8EE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by four specimens (Flannery, 1989). Distributional and biological data summarized by Flannery (1990 b: 184). Microhydromys richardsoni possesses the primitive pattern of the cephalic arterial circulation, a conformation shared with species of Crossomys, Hydromys, and Parahydromys, but not with Leptomys or the other genera of shrew mice (Mayermys, Neohydromys, and Pseudohydromys).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFF1708B6FD30FBA7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Microhydromys richardsoni Tate and Archbold, 1941.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFF1708B6FD30FBA7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Reviewed by Flannery (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFF100C4DFCF7F7B1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Micromys agilis Dehne, 1841 (= Mus minitus Pallas, 1771).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFCCFF100C4DFCF7F7B1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Only one extant species is recognized by most workers, but at least five others are documented by Miocene (Storch, 1987) and Pliocene (Weerd, 1979) fossils. Whether the extant samples represent one or more species has yet to be resolved by critical systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFC3FEFE035CFB93FE70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Ulyanovsk. Obi. Middle Volga River, Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFC3FEFE035CFB93FE70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From NW Spain through most of Europe, across Siberia to Ussuri region and Korea, north to about 65 ° in European Russia and Yakutia, south to N edge of Caucasus and N Mongolia; isolated ranges in S China west through Yunnan to SE Tibet and NE India (Assam). Island distributions include Britain, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Tsushima), Quelpart Isl (Korea), and Taiwan; see Corbet (1978 c) for details.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF81FFC3FEFE035CFB93FE70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Corbet (1978 c, 1984). Chromosomal information reported by Jüdes (1981), Zima (1983), Lungeanu et al. (1984), Solleder et al. (1984), and Schmid et al. (1987). European populations reviewed by Böhme (1978 «). Phallic morphology of Chinese samples described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing relationships among Chinese murines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180F0BFBD3FB2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, Sind, Karachi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180F0BFBD3FB2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan, adjacent India and Afghanistan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180F0BFBD3FB2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Raman and Sharna (1977) reported essentially no similarity between karyotypes of M. meltada and M. gleadowi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180FF3FE7CFA37.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Pagan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180FF3FE7CFA37.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF180FF3FE7CFA37.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sody (1941) proposed the genus Millardomys, which is a nomen nudum, for this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF1F0EDAF9EEF959.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Maharashtra State, Poona Dist, Sinhgarh (18 ° 23 ' N, 73 ° 42 ' E).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF1F0EDAF9EEF959.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India; known only from the Sinhgarh Plateau in the Maharashtra region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF1F0EDAF9EEF959.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological comparisons between this distinctive species and M. gleadowi, M. kathleenae, and M. meltada were reported by Mishra and Dhanda (1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF190DC4F94EF7C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, S Mahratta, Dharwar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF190DC4F94EF7C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; Indian Peninsula west to Gujarat and Rajasthan, north to Himachal Pradesh, and east to West Bengal; E Pakistan; and Terai region of Nepal (see Rana, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF190DC4F94EF7C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cytogenetics of this species is the subject of a growing body of literature (Nanda and Raman, 1981; Raman and Sharma, 1977; Sobti and Gill, 1984; Yosida, 1978). Mandai and Ghosh (1981) described singuri as a subspecies of M. meltada.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF320AB6FD7BFC04.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Golunda meltada Gray, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF320AB6FD7BFC04.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a distinct genus by Ellerman in 1941, but later as a subgenus of Rattus (Ellerman, 1961). By 1969, Millardia was again treated as a genus and thought to be closely related to the Indian Cremnomys (Misonne, 1969). Subsequent analyses of morphological features and particularly chromosomal traits has demonstrated the great phylogenetic distance between Rattus and Millardia (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Mishra and Dhandra, 1975; Raman and Sharma, 1977). Cytogenetic analyses resulted in a phylogenetic hypothesis isolating Millardia and Cremnomys from other Asian genera (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Two species of Millardia, until 1982 thought to be strictly an Asian genus, were recorded from the Pliocene of Ethiopia (Sabatier, 1982). One of the species is apparently a Millardia but the other was reidentified as an Acomys (Denys, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF330361FBC8F5F5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus imberbis Rüppell, 1842.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC3FF330361FBC8F5F5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: When Thomas proposed Muriculus he suggested it might be related to Lophuromys, but Osgood (1936) found little affinity between the two genera and instead noted a closer morphological relationship with Mus and Zelotomys. The close tie to Mus is real, and Misonne (1974) suggested that Muriculus might be merged with Mus; however, the middorsal stripe and morphological specializations of rostrum, mandible, incisors, and increased expanse of incisor enamel associated with pronounced proodonty, are not part of the character suite defining Mus, and set Muriculus apart as a very distinctive genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC2FF180118F982FE8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Ethiopia, Simien, 3300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC2FF180118F982FE8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Ethiopia on both sides of the Rift Valley between 1900 and 3400 m (Rupp, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8EFFC2FF180118F982FE8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of a unique rodent fauna endemic to high mountains of Ethiopia. Osgood (1936) described chilaloensis as a subspecies of M. imberbis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0F8EFBA6F9A2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ivory Coast, Lamto.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0F8EFBA6F9A2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Ivory Coast and E Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0F8EFBA6F9A2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. A species occurring sympatrically with M. musculoides and M. setulosus, and whose morphology is closely similar to those in the M. sorella group (Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1980). The diagnostic traits reported for M. baoulei by Vermeiren and Verheyen (1980) are those that set M. sorella apart from other species of Mus (Verheyen, 1965 «). Judged by their description, baoulei is distinguished from M. sorella by smaller size, a contrast that also exists between M. sorella and M. neavei (see that account). The relationship of baoulei to other members of the M. sorella group requires fresh assessment.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0D6FFC8CF87F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, S Mahratta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0D6FFC8CF87F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka, Peninsular India (north to Jammu and Kashmir), S Nepal, and C Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0D6FFC8CF87F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. Results from chromosomal analyses reported by Sen and Sharma (1983) and Sharma et al. (1986) in context of evolutionary divergence relative to other species of Mus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFB0CA3FC6FF69F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori East, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFB0CA3FC6FF69F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire (Kivu region), adjacent Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; a montane Western Rift endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFB0CA3FC6FF69F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. In body size and morphology, M. bufo superficially resembles the large-bodied M. triton, but the two are distinguished by dental features and tail length (Petter and Matthey, 1975) as well as karyotypes (Robbins and Baker, 1978), and both occur together in the Kivu region of E Zaire (specimens in the American Museum of Natural History). Chromosomal data for Burundi samples reported by Maddalena et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0282FAC8F50A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Zaire, Lualaba, Luluabourg, 610 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0282FAC8F50A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from N and C Angola, S and W Zaire; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FEFA0282FAC8F50A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Thomas described this species as a member of the genus Hylenomys, which is now united with Mus (Hill and Carter, 1941; Misonne, 1965). It is the largest-bodied of any of the African Mus (Petter and Matthey, 1975), has ivory incisors and very large auditory bullae, and in external features resembles M. triton, which misled Hatt (1940 «) into treating callewaerti as a subspecies of triton. Misonne (1965) summarized distributional and other information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FF2C0AAAFDACFB83.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8FFFC2FF2C0AAAFDACFB83.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Extant species of Mus are contained in four distinct subgenera (Coelomys, Mus, Nannomys, and Pyromys), each diagnosed by a suite of discrete morphological traits (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 19775, 1986) and biochemical features (Bonhomme, 1986; She et al., 1990). Nannomys, Pyromys, and Coelomys were treated as genera by Bonhomme (1986), a view also adopted by She et al. (1990). The Asian species were reviewed by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (19775) and the European forms by Marshall (1981, 1986), Marshall and Sage (1981), Bonhomme et al. (1984), Gerasimov et al. (1990), and She et al. (1990). Most of the African species need careful systematic review (see accounts below of species in subgenus Nannomys) and Ansell (in Meester et al., 1986: 280) believed the African segment of the genus to be " over-split. " Relevance of metrical, chromosomal, and allozyme variation to systematics of Mus was discussed by Corbet (1990). See Carleton and Musser (1984) for authors and publication dates of synonyms.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0A3FFD41FD5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Ryukyu (= Liukiu) Isis, Okinawa Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0A3FFD41FD5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Natural range probably from Ryukyu Isis to Taiwan, S China (Fujian and Yunnan Provs., Hainan Isl, Hong Kong), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand (N of Isthmus of Kra; see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a). Also recorded from Malay Peninsula (S Kedah State), Sumatra, Java, Madura, and Flores Isis in Nusa Tenggara, all places where it was likely inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0A3FFD41FD5C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A09CEFD42FBE0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A09CEFD42FBE0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indigenous range from Nepal east through Sikkim into NE India (Assam), Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam (see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a). Also recorded from Sumatra and Java where it has likely been inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A09CEFD42FBE0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0F2AFD42FABD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Burma, Shan States, Gokteik, 2133 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0F2AFD42FABD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India, Nepal through NE India (Assam) to Burma, S China (SW Yunnan), N and C Thailand, Laos, and N Vietnam (see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0F2AFD42FABD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0E61FD3DF97A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Korinchi Peak, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0E61FD3DF97A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper montane rain forest in mountain chain along W Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1A0E61FD3DF97A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Coelomys. A distinct montane species endemic to the mountains of W Sumatra (Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Listed by Chasen (1940) as a species of Mycteromys, which also contained the Javan M. vulcani, the closest relative of M. crociduroides.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0DA7FCB1F8B6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S India, Nilgiri Hills, Coonoor, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0DA7FCB1F8B6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the Nilgiri Hills in S India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0DA7FCB1F8B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Coelomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0C58FDAEF7DE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka, Mulhalkelle Dist., Kubalgamuwa, 3000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0C58FDAEF7DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Sri Lanka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0C58FDAEF7DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pyromys. Phillips (1980) summarized distributional and biological information.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0341F97BF663.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Central African Republic, vicinity of Gounda River (Petter, 1981 b, provided coordinates).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0341F97BF663.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the vicinity of the type locality (see map in Jotterand, 1972); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC1FF1B0341F97BF663.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Petter (1981 b) treated goundae as a species related to others in the M. sorella group, but the nature of that relationship remains unresolved (see account of M. sorella). Chromosomal data were reported by Jotterand (1972).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC0FF1A02ACFD62FE73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nigeria, Farniso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC0FF1A02ACFD62FE73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Records are from Senegal and S Mauritania through Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, S Niger, and Benin to N Nigeria; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8CFFC0FF1A02ACFD62FE73.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Body size, pelage color and pattern, and other morphological traits of M. haussa are very similar to those of M. tenellus (Petter, 1963 c, 1972 a; Rosevear, 1969), and F. Petter (1969) came close to combining them. The relationship between M. haussa and M. tenellus needs to be assessed by systematic revision of the group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0C0A9EFBBEFC79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, N Cape Prov., Molopo River, west of Morokwen.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0C0A9EFBBEFC79.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (N Orange Free State, Transvaal, N Cape Prov.), W Zimbabwe, Botswana, C and N Namibia, (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 264).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0C0A9EFBBEFC79.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Skinner and Smithers (1990) and Meester et al. (1986) discussed the morphological and chromosomal distinctions between M. indutus and M. minutoides. Skinner and Smithers (1990) also summarized biological data, and Meester et al. (1986) provided citations for synonyms. The definition of this species is ambiguous (Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Meester et al. (1986) included the Angolan sybilla in M. indutus, but our study of the holotype revealed that sybilla belongs with M. musculoides.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0D08A5F9CDFB69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Kasai, St. Joseph de Kananga (Luluabourg).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0D08A5F9CDFB69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the vicinity of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0D08A5F9CDFB69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Now treated as a distinct species belonging to the M. sorella group (Petter, 1981 b), but its relationship to that species needs to be assessed in a careful revision of the M. sorella complex (see account of the latter).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0E0FB2FE7DF908.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Macedonia, near Valandovo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0E0FB2FE7DF908.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Syria, Jordan, and Israel.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0E0FB2FE7DF908.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. Originally desribed as a subspecies of M. hortulanus (Petrov and Ruzic, 1985), but Bonhomme (1986) and Marshall (in litt.) treated it as a distinct species occurring sympatrically with M. musculus and M. spicilegus (also see map in Petrov and Ruzic, 1985: 234). Results of biochemical and morphometric analyses of M. macédoniens (under spretoides) in context of phylogenetic studies provided by Bonhomme et al. (1984), Auffray et al. (1990 b), Gerasimov et al. (1990), and She et al. (1990). Fossil history of Israeli M. macédoniens (referred to as spretoides) relative to colonization and origin of commensalism in M. musculus reported by Auffray et al. (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0F0C14FA0AF624.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SC Ethiopia, Sheikh Mahomet.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0F0C14FA0AF624.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopian highlands (1500 - 3400 m; Rupp, 1980; specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History; see map in Yalden et al., 1976), SW Uganda and SW Kenya (specimens in the National Museum of Natural History); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC0FF0F0C14FA0AF624.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Heller (1911) described emesi as a subspecies of M. musculoides, but Hollister (1919: 96) and Hatt (1940 a) treated it a a distinct species. Our study of Hatt's series from NE Zaire in the American Museum of Natural History revealed they consisted of M. musculoides and M. sorella. The holotype of emesi and most of Hollister's other examples from Uganda do represent a species distinct from M. musculoides; in morphology and chromatic traits, we cannot distinguish the series of emesi from the large samples of mahomet collected by Osgood in Ethiopia. M. mahomet is sympatric with M. musculoides in Uganda and Kenya and narrowly sympatric or closely parapatric with M. setulosus in Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976; specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History). Yalden et al. (1976: 30) suspected kerensis might be the correct name for M. mahomet.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC7FF0802E9FA69FD70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Accra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC7FF0802E9FA69FD70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recognized only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8DFFC7FF0802E9FA69FD70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. This form has been recorded from Senegal, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, and Ghana (F. Petter, 1969; Petter et al., 1971; Petter and Matthey, 1975), but after studying large series (in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle and the National Museum of Natural History) of the haussa and musculoides complexes from west Africa, we are unable to assign anything to mattheyi. The morphological traits used to distinguish mattheyi from haussa by F. Petter (1969) and Petter and Matthey (1975) vary in a continuous fashion from typical haussa morphology to that considered diagnostic for mattheyi. The status of mattheyi needs to be reassessed in a taxonomic revision of the group. A chromosomal complement of 2 N = 36, FN = 36 characterizes samples identified as M. mattheyi and is considered primitive for African Mus (F. Petter, 1969; Jotterand-Bellomo, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF10099CFD8BFC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka, Central Mountains, Pattipola, 6200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF10099CFD8BFC15.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to forested regions of Sri Lanka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF10099CFD8BFC15.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Coelomys. Phillips (1980) recognized highland (mayori) and lowland (pococki) as subspecies, and summarized distributional and biological information for both; also see J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977 b) for discussion of chromatic variation within each form.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF1108FBFD3CFA86.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, S Cape Prov., Cape Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF1108FBFD3CFA86.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa (W, S, and E Cape Province, Natal, Zululand, Lesotho, Orange Free State, C and E Transvaal), Swaziland; northern limits unknown (see Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 264; Meester et al., 1986: 283).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF1108FBFD3CFA86.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Relationship of this species to M. musculoides has to be assessed by careful systematic revision of the minutoides-musculoides complex (see following account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF110E8AFBDBF7A6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa, " Côte de Guine. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF110E8AFBDBF7A6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa (including Ethiopia and Somalia) southward to contact with M. minutoides.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC7FF110E8AFBDBF7A6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Whether the samples reflect only one or a complex of species is unresolved. For example, grata (or gratus) is often listed as a separate species (Hatt, 1940 «; Hollister, 1919); Petter and Matthey, 1975). Unresolved also is the geographic distribution of M. musculoides, and the nature of the biological relationship between it and M. minutoides. The considerable chromosoal variation among samples from West Africa was documented by Jotterand (1972) and JotterandBellomo (1984, 1986) under the identification of minutoides / musculoides, a label that reflects current understanding of specific limits in this complex. Neither Yalden et al. (1976) nor Rupp (1980) recorded M. musculoides from Ethiopia, but we have seen many specimens from that country (in the British Museum and the Field Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC6FF11036BFCBFF87A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala County, Uppsala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC6FF11036BFCBFF87A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Spread throughout most of world through its close association with humans (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951); in some areas restricted to human dwellings and habitats maintained by human activity; sometimes feral where introduced.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8AFFC6FF11036BFCBFF87A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. Schwarz and Schwarz (1943) provided a revision that was followed with minor changes by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). This arrangement was criticized by Jones and Johnson (1965: 394) who found that specimens from Asia they studied " bear little or no relation to this idealized classification. " Subsequent treatments of this group were presented by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977 b, 1981, 1986) and Marshall and Sage (1981). The most recent classification combined biochemical analyses of European, Asian, and African mice (Bonhomme et al., 1984), and the translation of these results, as well as the incorporation of morphological data, into a new view of Mus musculus and its allies (Marshall, in press), that in allocation of the many names to A 4, musculus is suprisingly concordant with the treatment of Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). The scientific names listed under M. musculus by those authors, but now placed elsewhere, are here associated with A 4, spicilegus, M. spretus, and A 4, macedonicus (see those accounts). Samples of A 4, musculus have been the focus of numerous morphometric, chromosomal, and biochemical studies undertaken in context of phylogenetic inquiries; some of the latest contributions that also summarized and cited earlier reports are Evans (1981), Foster et al. (1981), Bonhomme et al. (1984), Potter et al. (1986), Giagia et al. (1987), Hubner (1988), Nlshioka (1987), Winking et al., (1988), Britton-Davidian (1990), Corti and Ciabatti (1990), Gerasimov et al. (1990), She et al. (1990), Searle (1991), Viroux and Bauchau (1992), Karn and Dlouhy (1991), Bush and Paigen (1992), and Scriven and Bauchau (1992). Analyses, using palaeontological and archaeozoological approaches, of the colonization process of W Eurasia by house mice and their origin of commensalism were presented by Auffray et al. (1988, 1990 a, c) and Auffray and Britton-Davidian (1992). Analyses of mitochondrial DNA variation among samples from Japanese islands reveal a polyphyletlc origin of Japanese A 4, musculus derived from musculus, castaneus, and domesticus strains (Bonhomme et al., 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8BFFC6FEF10CA2FCC8F57C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Zambia, E Loangwe Dist., Petauke, 2400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8BFFC6FEF10CA2FCC8F57C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Zaire, E Zambia, S Zimbabwe, Transvaal of South Africa, W Mozambique, and S Tanzania; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF8BFFC6FEF10CA2FCC8F57C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Originally described as a species, neavei was later treated as a subspecies of M. sorella (Verheyen, 1965 a), an arrangement accepted by Ansell (1978), Meester et al. (1986), and Skinner and Smithers (1990). Petter (1981 b), however, pointed out that while a member of the A 4, sorella group, neavei should be treated as a separate species; in morphology and body size it appears to be close to A 4, oubanguii (Petter, 1981 b). Our study (series in the American Museum of Natural History, the British Museum of Natural History, and the National Museum of Natural History) corroborates Petter's view. A 4, neavei is a distinct species and easily distinguished from A 4, sorella by its richer tawny fur, much smaller size, more delicate cranium, and shorter molar rows (3.0 - 3.2 mm in 7 examples of neavei, 3.2 - 3.7 mm in nine sorella). How M. neavei is related to A 4, oubanguii and the small-bodied A 4. baoulei is unresolved. Meester et al. (1986: 282) summarized published distributional information. Supposed records of A 4, neavei from Malawi represent other species (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150A28F950FDA3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, N Orange Free State, Kruisementifontein, Viljoensdrift, near Vereeniging.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150A28F950FDA3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; Orange Free State (see map in Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150A28F950FDA3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Treated as a species possibly allied to M. setzeri by Vermeiren and Verheyen (1983), but listed as a subspecies of M. minutoides by Meester et al. (1986), an arrangement followed by Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF14096EF99BFBC1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Central African Republic, La Maboke, Ippy, Bangassou (Petter, 19816, provided coordinates).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF14096EF99BFBC1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Central African Republic (savanna north of Oubangui River); see map in Jotterand (1972: 332).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF14096EF99BFBC1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Sympatric with M. setulosus and M. musculoides (Petter and Genest, 1970), but a phylogenetic member of the M. sorella group, according to Petter (19816), who also noted that its morphology, except for a dental trait, is similar to that of M. neavei (see that account). Chromosomal information, in context of understanding chromosomal evolution among species of African Mus, was documented by Jotterand (1972) and Jotterand-Bellomo (1984, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150F4CFE45FA9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim, Batasia, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150F4CFE45FA9F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From NE India (Sikkim and Assam) through Burma, S China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam (see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF150F4CFE45FA9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Coelomys. Dao (1978) described mocchauensis as a subspecies of M. pahari.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0E82FC80F9A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Central Prov., Nimur Dist, Asirgarh, 1500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0E82FC80F9A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0E82FC80F9A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pyromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF140D6DFC80F8C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peninsular India, Dukhun.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF140D6DFC80F8C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF140D6DFC80F8C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pyromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0C54FC87F7D1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Madras.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0C54FC87F7D1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India, S Pakistan, and S Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC5FF1B0C54FC87F7D1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pyromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC4FF1B033CFC52FE06.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Victoria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC4FF1B033CFC52FE06.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Guinea (Mt Nimba) and Sierra Leone eastward through Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, N Zaire (Haut-Zaïre), S Sudan, WC and S Ethiopia to N Uganda and W Kenya (documented by Rosevear, 1969; Petter and Genest, 1970; and our study of samples in the American Museum of Natural History, British Museum, Field Museum of Natural History, and National Museum of Natural History).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF88FFC4FF1B033CFC52FE06.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. A distinct species sometimes confused with M. musculoides, which occurs over approximately the same region (Rosevear, 1969). Both pasha (Thomas, 1910 a) and proconodon (Rhoads, 1896) were originally described as species. Osgood (1936) associated pasha with M. proconodon, and we agree with his identification. Petter and Matthey (1975) regarded pasha as a species, noting that it might be referable to M. setulosus. Both Osgood (1936) and Yalden et al. (1976) recognized proconodon as a distinct species endemic to Ethiopia. Our study of Osgood's specimens, some of which are near-topotypes, revealed that their morphological traits fell within the range of variation typical of M. selulosus. Our identification was forshadowed by Petter and Matthey (1975) who cited the range of M. selulosus to include Ethiopia, based on a letter from J. Prevost. Chromosomal data for samples from W Africa were documented by Jotterand (1972), Jotterand-Bellomo (1981, 1986), and Matthey (1964).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF7090BFB4DFCF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Botswana, 82 km W of Mohembo (near Nambian border).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF7090BFB4DFCF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Namibia, NW and S Botswana, and W Zambia (see map in Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF7090BFB4DFCF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. A unique desert species reviewed by Vermeiren and Verheyen (1983) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF0081BFA6FFBCC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Mt Popa, 4961 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF0081BFA6FFBCC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Thailand, Cambodia (see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a: 431), and NW Vietnam (Dao, 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF0081BFA6FFBCC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pyromys. Dao (1966) described nghialoensis as a subspecies of M. platythrix, which at the time embraced the Indochinese shortridgei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF00F50FB38F8E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Kenya, Mt Elgon, Kirui, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF00F50FB38F8E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Documented by specimens from E Cameroon, EC Angola, NE and SE Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, and N Tanzania (Petter, 1981 b; Verheyen, 1965 a; specimens in the American Museum of Natural History, and the National Museum of Natural Hitory); limits unknown	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF00F50FB38F8E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Closest relatives are M. baoulei, M. goundae, M. kasaicus, M. neavei, and M. oubanguii; Petter (1981 b) placed these (except baoulei) together in the M. sorella group. Petter (1981 b) also recognized wamae and acholi as species in the sorella complex, but after examining holotypes and other specimens we agree with Verheyen (1965 a), who united them with M. sorella. There are at least two distinct species in the group, M. sorella and M. neavei (see later account), but the nature of their phylogenetic relationship to other forms in this complex needs to be assessed by critical systematic review. Reidentification of museum specimens might also help resolve geographic ranges. The specimens from Angola, for example, were originally identified by Hill and Carter (1941) as M. bella.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF20C32FDBBF688.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Hungary, Budapest, Rakos Plains.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF20C32FDBBF688.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Hungary, Rumania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and steppes of Crimea and S Ukraine.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FFC4FEF20C32FDBBF688.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. This is the mouse that constructs soil-covered storage mounds of grain, and was formally known as M. hortulanus (see Corbet, 1984); however, the holotype of hortulanus is actually a M. musculus, so the earliest name for the species is spicilegus (Gerasimov et al., 1990). Results of morphometric and biochemical analyses were reported by Bonhomme et al. (1984), Petrov and Ruzic (1985), Gerasimov et al. (1990), She et al. (1990), and Lyalyukhina et al. (1991). Other cytogenetic and biochemical contrasts between the species (reported as hortulanus) and M. musculus were recorded by Bulatova and Kotenkova (1990), and Yakimenko et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FF3BFF0C0294FD6AFDD3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Oued Magra, between M'sila and Barika, north of Hodna.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FF3BFF0C0294FD6AFDD3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S France, Spain (incl. Balearic Isis), Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (see map in Marshall, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF89FF3BFF0C0294FD6AFDD3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. This species was the subject of biometrical and morphological analyses (Darviche and Orsini, 1982; Engels, 1980, 1983 b; Gerasimov et al., 1990; Palomo, 1988; Palomo et al., 1983; Vargas, et al., 1984), as well as chromosomal and electrophoretic studies (Cano et al., 1984; Engels, 1983 «; Matsuda and Chapman, 1992; Traut et al., 1992). Analysis of variability in mitochrondrial DNA revealed two genetically distinct phylogenetic groups within spretus (Boursot, et al., 1985). Differences between M. spretus and M. musculus in thermoregulatory capabilities reported by Górecki et al. (1990). Alcover et al. (1985) described parvus as a subspecies of M. spretus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF20093FFCBFFBD8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Blue Nile, Roseires.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF20093FFCBFFBD8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sudan, S Ethiopia (below 2000 m; Rupp, 1980), S Somalia, and south through Kenya to C Tanzania (Dodoma); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF20093FFCBFFBD8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Reviewed by Petter (1972 «) and Yalden et al. (1976). Morphologically and ecologically closely similar to M. haussa (see that account). The southernmost record is based on the holotype of gerbillus (Allen and Loveridge, 1933), which is an example of M. tenellus. Yalden et al. (1976) listed gallarum as a synonym of M. tenellus, but the holotype is an example of M. musculoides. Judged by our studies of museum specimens, most published Ethiopian records of M. tenellus are actually M. musculoides.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210F42FE33FA10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S India, Bengal, neighborhood of Calcutta.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210F42FE33FA10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indigenous to peninsular India, Nepal, and Pakistan; occurs also in Medan region of N Sumatra (Indonesia) where it was probably inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983, discussed under dunni).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210F42FE33FA10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Mus. Formerly referred to as M. dunni (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 b, 1986), but terricolor is the older name. Chromosomal results presented by Sharma et al. (1986, under dunni) in context of evolutionary divergence from other species of Mus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210EFBFCFBF782.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mt Elgon, Kirui, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210EFBFCFBF782.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Zaire and E Zaire (Kivu region), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Tete Dist. of Mozambique, Zambia, and Angola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF210EFBFCFBF782.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Nannomys. Listed as a questionable synonym of M. mahomet by Yalden et al. (1976: 30) who were unsure about the equivalence of mahomet and triton and merely noted that Ethiopian samples previously identified as triton were really mahomet. The description of Mus birungensis (Lonnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925) mirrors the range of variation of M. triton in series (in the American Museum of Natural History) we have examinied from the Kivu region of E Zaire. Considerable chromosomal polymorphism has been reported in samples identified as M. triton (Robbins and Baker, 1978). Extant southern limit of species is Zambia and Tete Dist. of Mozambique (about 17 ° S), but it was present in Natal, South Africa up to about 60,000 years ago (Avery, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF22038FFC27F65B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Gunung Gede, Gandang Badak, 7900 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF22038FFC27F65B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to moss forests in mountains of W Java.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF22038FFC27F65B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Coelomys. Originally described as a subspecies of Mycteromys crociduroides (see Chasen, 1940), but is a separate species. Both M. vulcani and M. crociduroides are the only native Mus known from islands on the Sunda Shelf (Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF5402D0F95BF557.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mylomys cuninghamei Thomas, 1906 (= Golunda dyboioskii Pousargues, 1893).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF76FF3BFF5402D0F95BF557.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The Indian Golunda and Mylomys are usually considered close relatives of each other, but Musser (1987) discussed traits that indicated a distant relationship between the two genera and a closer phylogenetic alliance between Mylomys and Pelomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFA0A19FBAEFB2C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Central African Republic (= French Congo), Kemo River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFA0A19FBAEFB2C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea (Mt Nimba), Ivory Coast, Ghana, S Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, W, N and E Zaire, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and S Sudan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFA0A19FBAEFB2C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hatt (1940 a) noted that the cotypes of dybowskii are examples of Mylomys and not Pelomys, under which the name had been listed (Ellerman, 1941), and selected a lectotype. The identity was verified by F. Petter (1962 b). Significance of geographic variation in chromatic and morphological traits has yet to be assessed by critical systematic revision; whether the genus is monotypic or contains more than one species is unresolved. Chromosomal data for sample from Central African Republic reported by Matthey (1970), and those from Mt Nimba (Guinea) provided by Gautun et al. (1986). The taxon rex, represented only by the holotype, a skin without skull from Kaffa in C Ethiopia, was described by Thomas (1906 a) as a species of Arvicanthis, but later " provisionally considered as a giant member of Desmomys " (Thomas, 1916 a: 68). Dieterlen (1974) challenged the validity of rex, but Yalden et al. (1976) pointed out the features distinguishing the holotype from samples of D. harringtoni, and treated rex as another distinctive species endemic to Ethiopia. Our study of the holotype skin reveals it to be a large and probably old adult of Mylomys that is not as brightly pigmented as most samples of that genus. Whether the holotype actually came from Ethiopia, or represents a separate species of Mylomys are unknown; we provisionally list rex in the synonymy of M. dybowskii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFB033BFDEAF526.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Massawa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFB033BFDEAF526.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; endemic to Ethiopian Plateau between 1500 - 3300 m (Yalden et al., 1976; Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFEFB033BFDEAF526.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually listed as either a species of Myomys (Allen, 1939) or Praomys (e. g., Yalden et al., 1976). Morphometric traits related albipes closely to species of Stenocephalemys and what was described as Praomys ruppi (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983). Furthermore, qualitative external, cranial (see figure 5 in Rupp, 1980), and molar (see figures in Misonne, 1969) traits of albipes are more similar to species of Stenocephalemys than to most species in Myomys. The phylogenetic significance of this morphologically annectant relationship of M. albipes between other Myomys and Stenocephalemys needs to be assessed by taxonomic revision of both groups. The Sudanese specimens reported by Setzer (1956) as P. albipes fuscirostris are not M. albipes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFF2E0E0AFBA5F7D7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Epimys colonus (see Allen, 1939; = Mus verreauxii A. Smith, 1834).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF77FF3AFF2E0E0AFBA5F7D7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Because some workers claimed colonus was unidentifiable and therefore Myomys is invalid, Myomyscus was proposed by Shortridge (1942) to replace Myomys. The problem and historical opinions were reviewed by Roberts (1951), Ellerman et al. (1953), Rosevear (1969), Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1978 b) and Meester et al. (1986). Should Myomys really prove to have no nomenclatural status, Myomyscus is the name to use for this group. In aspects of their morphology, the species seem to be arboreal and scansorial counterparts of those in Mastomys, all of which are primarily terrestrial. Some species of Myomys may be closely related to the Mastomys complex. Chromosomal and immunological data related Myomys fumatus to species of Mastomys (Qumsiyeh et al., 1990), and morphometric analyses placed M. verreauxii closer to Mastomys than to other species of Myomys (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983). Some workers (e. g., Misonne, 1969, 1974; Qumsiyeh et al., 1990) included Myomys and Myomyscus within Praomys. We retain Myomys separate from Mastomys and Praomys until the species within each of these groups are defined, and the systematic relationships among the groups are assessed by careful revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0A18F912FC63.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa (see discussion in Rosevear, 1969: 412).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0A18F912FC63.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Gambia and Senegal through Sierra Leone, N Ivory Coast, S Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, S Chad and Central African Republic to SW Sudan; eastern limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0A18F912FC63.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rosevear (1969) and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (19786). Although its range is allopatrically complementary to the distribution of M. fumatus, M. daltoni is probably not conspecific with that E African species. Chromosomal morphology is presented by Matthey (1964). The name tuareg was described as a subspecies of Grammomys macmillani, but listed by Rosevear (1969) as a species of Grammomys of doubtful validity, and finally identified by Braestrup and Hutterer (1985) as a possibly distinct subspecies of M. daltoni. Setzer (1956) retained butleri, known only by the holotype collected in SW Sudan, as a species, but its morphological traits, judged by Setzer's description, are those of M. daltoni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D08AFFADCFB53.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Togo, Borgou, 160 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D08AFFADCFB53.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Ghana, Togo, Benin, and W Nigeria (see map in Van der Straeten and Verheyen, 19786).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D08AFFADCFB53.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A form found living in and around human dwellings. Part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0FBCFA3CF9F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Ukamba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0FBCFA3CF9F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa; from EC Tanzania north through Kenya and N Uganda into Somalia, Ethiopia, and S Sudan; W and S limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0FBCFA3CF9F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Kenya samples were discussed by Hollister (1919), the Uganda series by Delany (1975), and the Ethiopian segment by Yalden et al. (1976). Chromosomal and immunological information provided by Qumsiyeh et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0D1BFC02F819.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Bonke, north of Bulta, 2800 - 3200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0D1BFC02F819.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; known only from Bonke and Bulta in the Gamo Gofa region of SW Ethiopia, 2700 - 3200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2D0D1BFC02F819.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species of Praomys (see Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983) based on material collected by Rupp (1980), who illustrated the skull as " Praomys albipes, stenocephaler Typ " (p. 92). M. ruppi combines morphological features of both M. albipes and Stenocephalemys, an observation reinforced by morphometric analyses (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983). Were it not for the long tail of M. ruppi (a trait shared with M. albipes), the species could as easily be included within Stenocephalemys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2E0304F969F6D0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, near Cape Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2E0304F969F6D0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, SW Cape Prov., from Olifants River in the west to Nature's Valley, Plettenberg Bay in the east (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 271).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF39FF2E0304F969F6D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A South African endemic. Taxonomy reviewed by Meester et al. (1986); distributional and biological information provided by Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF38FF2D023AF9EAFE65.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yemen, Kariet Wadi Dhahr, six miles northwest of San'a, 6400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF38FF2D023AF9EAFE65.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from N Yemen and SW Saudia Arabia (see map in Harrision and Bates, 1991: 249).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF74FF38FF2D023AF9EAFE65.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Sanborn and Hoogstraal (1953) as a subspecies of M. fumatus, the diagnostic traits of yemeni are outside the range of variation recorded for any sample of fumatus. Our study of holotype and specimens of yemeni and fumatus at the Field Museum of Natural History revealed that yemeni is much larger than fumatus (no overlap in length of molar rows, for example), has paler pelage and significantly larger ears and auditory bullae (both absolutely and relative to body size). The morphological attributes of yemeni define a distinctive species of Myomys; its phylogenetic relationships to other species in the genus have yet to be resolved. The species (under fumatus) was reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50953FB2EFC51.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Chimbu Prov., N slopes Mt Wilhelm, 9000 - 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50953FB2EFC51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; scattered localities from Mt Wilhelm east to highlands of Wau region (see map in Flannery, 1990 b: l 80).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50953FB2EFC51.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phallic morphology similar to that characterizing Mayermys (Lidicker, 1968). Certain derived cranial and dental features unite Neohydromys, Mayermys, and Pseudohydromys as close relatives (e. g., all share the derived pattern of cephalic arterial circulation; Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FF1F0AC5FA6BFDCF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neohydromys fuscus Laurie, 1952.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FF1F0AC5FA6BFDCF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50F67F903FAA9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iraq, Basra Province, Al-Qurna.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50F67F903FAA9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Marshes at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates rivers in SE Iraq; probably also occurs in bordering portion of Iran.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE50F67F903FAA9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described under genus Erythronesokia by Khajuria (1981 )), but shown to be a very distinctive species of Nesokia by Al-Robaae and Felten (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FF1F08C9FC50FBBB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola indica Gray and Hardwicke, 1830.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE60E77FA65F7FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India (uncertain).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE60E77FA65F7FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Modern range covers Bangladesh, NE India (Bihar), NW India (Kumaon and Rajputana), Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel, NE Egypt, NW China (Xinjiang), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tadzhikistan. Late Pleistocene sites are beyond modern range in Egypt and in N Sudan (Osborn and Helmy, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF38FEE60E77FA65F7FE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data in different contexts reported by Thelma and Rao (1982), Rao et al. (1983), Juyal et al. (1989), and Dubey and Raman (1992). External, cranial, and dental morphology supported a close phylogenetic relationship with Bandicota (Misonne, 1969; Niethammer, 1977; Wroughton, 1908), and electrophoretic comparisons of eight loci indicated a sister-species alliance with B. indica (Radtke and Niethammer, 1984 / 85). Substantial morphological variation is present among geographic samples of N. indica, and careful systematic revision is required to determine whether this variation represents one or more species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF3FFF18033CFA75FE00.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus niviventer Hodgeson, 1836.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF75FF3FFF18033CFA75FE00.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosed and contrasted with other Indo-Sundaic genera by Musser (1981 b), who also reviewed morphological, chromosomal, and distributional information. Morphological and geographic aspects of seven species (andersoni, brahma, cremoriventer, eha, excelsior, hinpoon, and langbianis) are defined; limits of the others (confucianus, coxingi, culturatus, fulvescens, niviventer, and rapit) require resolution by taxonomic revision. Closest phylogenetic relatives are Indochinese Chiromyscus and Dacnomys; among Sundaic genera, Niviventer shares dental derivations with Berylmys, Leopoldamys, and Maxomys (Musser, 1981 b; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Analyses of chromosomal data postulated chromosomal similarities among Niviventer, Lenothrix, and possibly Maxomys, and an origin from a common ancestor (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Analyses of biochemical and morphological data for Malayan Peninsula species documented by Chan et al. (1979), who demonstrated substantial separation from Rattus and alliance with Lenothrix in protein variation, but equivocal affinities in morphological context. Spermatozoal morphology equivocal in assessing phylogenetic relationships (Breed and Yong, 1986). Phallic morphology of three Chinese taxa described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines. See Musser (1981 b) for discussion of the original citation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF10090DFBF2FCDE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Omi San, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF10090DFBF2FCDE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China (SE Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Shaanxi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF10090DFBF2FCDE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed and contrasted with N. excelsior and N. confucianus by Musser and Chiu (1979). Closest relative is Niviventer excelsior; the two species are set apart from other species of Niviventer by primitive traits they share, and both are isolated in the high mountains of W China (Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120840FC95FBCD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, N Assam, Anzong Valley in Mishmi Hills, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120840FC95FBCD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Assam (India) and N Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120840FC95FBCD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological and geographic limits outlined by Musser (1970 b, 1973 a, 1981 b), who also reported that the species is represented by few specimens, and is most closely related to N. eha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120F53FD27F980.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, Moupin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120F53FD27F980.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Burma, N Thailand, and highlands of China north to Jilin Prov.; limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF120F53FD27F980.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Wang and Zheng (1981) reported results from a systematic study under the name of Rattus niviventer, and described yushuensis as a subspecies. Zhang and Zhao (1984) proposed naoniuensis as a subspecies. Usually included in N. niviventer, but that allocation is not supported by present evidence (Abe, 1983; Musser, 1981 b). Geographic and elevational relationships between northern N. confucianus and southern N. fulvescens, especially in W and S China, needs to be resolved by careful taxonomic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110D8AFA7EF7F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110D8AFA7EF7F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110D8AFA7EF7F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Musser (1981 b) included a population from N Burma, but its relationship to other groups of large-bodied Niviventer, especially, N. coxingi, is unclear. Whether N. coxingi is an insular form of populations now found in the mountains of Indochina or is simply a large-bodied insular derivative of mainland N. fulvescens will have to be evaluated in context of critical systematic revision (Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110318FD7FF64E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Thailand, Trang Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110318FD7FF64E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula and offshore islands, Mergui Archipelago, Anambas Islands, Sumatra, Nias, Billiton and Banka islands, Borneo and offshore islands, Java, and Bali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3FFF110318FD7FF64E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised and discussed by Musser (1973 c, 1981 b), who also described the species as a Sundaic endemic whose closest phylogenetic relative is the Indochinese endemic, N. langbianis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3EFF1002D3F896FE82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan, Mt Arizan, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3EFF1002D3F896FE82.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to mountains of Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF72FF3EFF1002D3F896FE82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Either listed as a species (Ellerman, 1941), a subspecies of N. niviventer (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Wang and Zheng, 1981), or included in N. confucianus (Musser, 1981 b). It is a distinctive insular form that in morphology resembles mainland N. confucianus, but differs sufficiently that it should be treated as a species until relationships can be assessed by systematic revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE10A8EFD9CFD20.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim, Lachen, 8800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE10A8EFD9CFD20.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Nepal, India (Darjeeling, Sikkim, and N Assam), N Burma, and China (N Yunnan).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE10A8EFD9CFD20.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1970 b). Shared morphological traits and proportions support the hypothesis of close phylogenetic relationship between N. eha and N. brahma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE209EAFBD8FC4B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Sichuan, Tatsienlu, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE209EAFBD8FC4B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China (Sichuan).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE209EAFBD8FC4B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sichuan endemic related to and occurring sympatrically with N. andersoni (Musser, 1981 b; Musser and Chiu, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE308D7FC6EF898.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE308D7FC6EF898.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S Himalayas (Nepal and N India) through Bangladesh, S China (incl. Hainan Isl), and Indochina (incl. Con Son Isl off Vietnam) to Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Bali.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEE308D7FC6EF898.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Some authors have referred to populations on the Sunda Shelf and S Indochina as bukit, and those occurring farther north as fulvescens (Chasen, 1940; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 «; Musser, 1981 b), pending a taxonomic revision of the group. Recent study now supports the hypothesis that samples of bukit represent N. fulvescens (Abe, 1983), an arrangement reflecting the earlier view of Osgood (1932: 305): " The relationship of fulvescens to southern forms is obvious in several instances, especially in that of R. f. bukit which can at most be no more than a subspecies. " This hypothesis will require testing by carful systematic revision of the fulvescens-bukit complex. Niviventer fulvescens is the only member of the genus with a geographic distribution encompassing SE Asian mainland and some islands of the Sunda Shelf; other murines with roughly equivalent ranges are Berylmys bowersii, Chiropodomys gliroides, Leopoldamys sabanus, L. edwardsi, and Maxomys surifer (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Spermatozoal morphology of Malayan bukit described by Breed and Yong (1986) in comparative context.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0C82FA06F788.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Thailand, Saraburi Prov., Kaengkhoi Dist, " outside the entrance to the bat cave, half-way up the face of a wooded limestone cliff, 200 meters altitude. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0C82FA06F788.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Korat Plateau in Thailand.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0C82FA06F788.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Musser (1981 b) for discussion of original citation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0395FAA3F62C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Vietnam, Langbian Peak, 1800 - 2300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0395FAA3F62C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from India (Assam), Burma, Thailand north of Isthmus of Kra, Laos, and Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD0395FAA3F62C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological limits and comparisons with N. cremoriventer, its closest relative, were reported by Musser (1973 c, 1981 b). Dao and Cao (1990) described quangninhensis as a subspecies of Rattus cremoriventer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD02F0F96DF51E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Gunung Gede.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD02F0F96DF51E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to montane forest in W and C Java.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF73FF3EFEFD02F0F96DF51E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed and compared with other species of Niviventer by Musser (1981 b). A distinctive member of the endemic Javan murine fauna (Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0A24FDE2FD69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Katmandu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0A24FDE2FD69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Pakistan, Nepal, and N India (Punjab, Kumaon, Darjeeling, Sikkim).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0A24FDE2FD69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nature of relationship of N. niviventer with N. confucianus to the east requires resolution in context of systematic revision of the genus, but to date " there is yet no convincing evidence that the Nepalese populations are the same as those from areas farther east in northern Burma and China " (Musser, 1981 b: 253) or from N Thailand (Abe, 1983: 160).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E09B5F922FC0E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E09B5F922FC0E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cameron Highlands of Malay Peninsula, mountains of Sumatra, and highlands of N Borneo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E09B5F922FC0E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed and contrasted with other species of Niviventer by Musser (1981 b). The hypothesis that only one species is involved in such a disjunct insular distribution requires evaluation in context of systematic revision of Niviventer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0F11FB31F9C7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma (Tenasserim), Mt Mulaiyit, 5000 - 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0F11FB31F9C7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Assam (India), S Burma (also possibly N Burma), and Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2F0F11FB31F9C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A large-bodied species that is sympatric with what has been identified as either N. bukit or N. fulvescens (Musser, 1981 b). Samples from N Burma, which Musser provisionally referred to as N. coxingi, are not that species and are similar in morphology to N. tenaster, but larger in body size and darker in fur coloration. To determine whether the N Burma population is a separate species or a geographic variant of N. tenaster, and the nature of the relationship of all these highland Indochinese populations with the large-bodied N. coxingi of Taiwan, will have to be resolved by careful systematic revision (Musser, 1981 b). Robinson and Kloss (1922) described champa as a subspecies of Rattus bukit.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E021EFD0FF57F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, 35 miles SW of Alroy, 800 ft (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 166).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E021EFD0FF57F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, and W Queensland (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 109).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF2E021EFD0FF57F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Of all the species of Notomys, N. alexis has the most extensive geographic range (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Variation in sperm head morphology documented by Breed and Sarafis (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF420D67FE53F70E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dipus mitchellii Ogilby, 1838.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF70FF3DFF420D67FE53F70E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167), which includes the Conilurini where Baverstock (1984) placed Notomys. Gross and microscopical anatomy of neck glands described by Watts (1975); morphological variation in female reproductive tract documented by Breed (1985); morphology of male reproductive tract, glans penis, and spermatozoa described by Breed (1980, 1984, 1986), Breed and Sarafis (1978), and Morrissey and Breed (1982); results of electrophoretic studies presented by Baverstock et al. (1977 b, 1981); chromosomal evolution and G-banding homologies addressed by Baverstock et al. (1977 c, e, 1983 b). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged references to taxonomy, distribution, and biology of the species. Members of Notomys form a monophyletic group diagnosed by a suite of distinctive morphological and genic traits; closest phylogenetic relatives are species of Pseudomys (see Lidicker and Brylski, 1987, and references therein; Watts et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFA0A19FB03FD4E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Charlotte Waters.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFA0A19FB03FD4E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; S Northern Territory and N South Australia (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 104).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFA0A19FB03FD4E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFA0A19FB03FD4E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by only two extant specimens from the type locality (Watts and Aslin, 1981) and a skin collected during the last cenruty from Burt Plain near Alice Springs (in the Australian Museum, Flannery, in litt.), but also represented by owl pellet deposits from Flinders Ranges of South Australia; apparently extinct (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB09D0F979FC0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Cape York.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB09D0F979FC0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; N Queensland and N Northern Territory (Groot Eylandt and N Arnhem Land); see map in Watts and Aslin (1981: 113).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB09D0F979FC0B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Insufficiently known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB09D0F979FC0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Apparently found only in coastal sand ridges around Gulf of Carpentaria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB0F17F9D1FAFB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, " Interior of South Australia. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB0F17F9D1FAFB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; SW Queensland, South Australia, and S Northern Territory (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 99).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEFB0F17F9D1FAFB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For date of publication see Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 167).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50E26FD75F9B0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, South Australia, Ooldea Dist.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50E26FD75F9B0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; SE Western Australia, S Northern Territory, South Australia, and SW Queensland (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 115). Also in W New South Wales (Watts, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50E26FD75F9B0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50D5CFAD0F820.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Moore River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50D5CFAD0F820.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; Western Australia and Northern Territory (see Watts and Aslin, 1981: 107).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50D5CFAD0F820.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF50D5CFAD0F820.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: No living animals have either been seen or trapped since 1901, and the species is apparently extinct (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Male reproductive anatomy and spermatozoal morphology is described by Breed (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF60CEDFD3AF6C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Moore River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF60CEDFD3AF6C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF60CEDFD3AF6C6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF60CEDFD3AF6C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by the holotype and paratype from " Australia " (Mahoney, 1975). Apparently extinct. Closest phylogenetic relative is probably Notomys cervinus (Mahoney, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF7024AFBE0F59D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Victoria, about 12 km southeast of Lake Boga (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 169).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF3CFEF7024AFBE0F59D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; S Western Australia, S South Australia, and W Victoria (see map and discussion in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 118); once occurred in SW New South Wales, but is now apparently extinct there (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 170).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF33FEF00180FCADFD8B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Darling Downs.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF33FEF00180FCADFD8B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF33FEF00180FCADFD8B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF71FF33FEF00180FCADFD8B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still represented only by the the skull of the holotype (Mahoney, 1977). Apparently extinct (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988). Mahoney (1977) considered N. mordax to be closely related to N. mitchellii; Watts and Aslin (1981: 121) claimed that " it is not possible to be sure that this one skull really represents a distinct species, or whether it is simply that of a large specimen of Mitchell's hopping-mouse. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C083EFC29FAA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C083EFC29FAA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tropical forest block from S Nigeria south to N Angola, and east across Zaire (incl. islands of Zaire river between Kisangani and Kinshasa; Colyn and Dudu, 1986) to Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda; isolated forest patches in S Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Kenya and W Tanzania (see section of map east of Ghana in Dieterlen and Rupp, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C083EFC29FAA4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another African species showing appreciable geographic variation in fur color and body size (Dieterlen and Rupp, 1976; Thomas, 1915). Chromosomal data reported by Matthey (1963, 1967) and Maddalena et al. (1989). Closest phylogenetic relative is probably Thamnomys (Hatt, 1940 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF130E68F8B6F949.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Bibianaha, near Dunkwa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF130E68F8B6F949.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Guinea (Mt Nimba) to Ghana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF130E68F8B6F949.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Thomas (19116) as a distinct species, and subsequently either listed that way (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941) or included in hypoxanthus (Misonne, 1974). Rosevear (1969), however, recognized ornatus as a very distinctive subspecies of O. hypoxanthus, and Tranier and Gautun (1979) reinstated its specific uniqueness diagnosed by chromosomal, morphological, and distributional attributes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF4609A3FDCEFCD3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus hypoxanthus Pucheran, 1855.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0CFCFB00F73A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Palawan Isl, Brooke's Point Municipality, Mt Mantalingajan, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0CFCFB00F73A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0CFCFB00F73A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by four melanistic examples.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF400DE0FCF8F812.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Palawanomys furvus Musser and Newcomb, 1983.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF400DE0FCF8F812.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetic affinities unclear, but among murines native to the Sunda Shelf, Palawanomys appears most closely allied to the cluster of genera that would include Rattus; broader regional comparisons required before affinities can be determined (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0102FCFAF50E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis), Pulau Flores.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0102FCFAF50E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Flores Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF2C0102FCFAF50E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by extant specimens as well as subfossil fragments (3000 - 4000 years old), and still living on Flores.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF4003F1FB9EF61D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus armandvillei Jentink, 1892.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7EFF33FF4003F1FB9EF61D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly thought closely related to Mallomys, but has no affinity to that New Guinea Old Endemic, and instead is phylogenetically related to Komodomys and Pleistocene Hooijeromys, both endemics of Nusa Tenggara (Musser, 1981 c). Species of Papagomys reviewed by Musser (1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF80A2EFD33FDED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis), Pulau Flores, Menggarai Prov., Liang Toge, a cave near Warukia, 1 km south of Lepa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF80A2EFD33FDED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Flores Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF80A2EFD33FDED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by subfossil fragments (3000 - 4000 years old), but possibly still living on Flores.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF90835FD41FB23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua, New Guinea, Central Prov., Owen Stanley Range, Richardson Range, Mt Gayata, 2000 - 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF90835FD41FB23.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Central Cordillera from Weyland Range in Irian Jaya to Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea, as well as Huon Peninsula (see map in Flannery, 19905: 185).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF90835FD41FB23.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thought to be closely related to Hydromys (Flannery, 1989; Lidicker, 1968; Tate, 1951), but no critical assessment of that hypothesis has been made. Flannery (19905) provided distributional and biological notes. Donnellan (1987) provided chromosomal data.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF13094AFAB0FCEA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Limnomys asper Thomas, 1906.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF13094AFAB0FCEA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Phallic morphology of incomplete specimen described by Lidicker (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEFA0EE3FD2AF8C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Cyclops Mtns, Mt Dafonsero, 4700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEFA0EE3FD2AF8C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC New Guinea; known only from N Coast Ranges in Irian Jaya (Cyclops Mtns) and adjacent Papua New Guinea (Torricelli Mtns); see map in Flannery (19905: 179).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEFA0EE3FD2AF8C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinct species (Flannery, 19905; Osgood, 1945) that along with Microhydromys musseri and Petaurus abidi is endemic to the N Coastal Ranges (Flannery, 19905).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF90C4DFA2AF7EA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, near Mt Wilhelmina, 9 km NE Lake Habbema, 2800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FEF90C4DFA2AF7EA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C New Guinea; known only from N slopes of Snow Mtns between Idenburg River and Mt Wilhelmina in Irian Jaya (Tate and Archbold, 1941) and the Tifalmin Valley in W Papua New Guinea (Flannery and Seri, 1990: 189).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF2C0E06FA46FA3E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Paraleptomys Wilhelmina Tate and Archbold, 1941.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF2C0E06FA46FA3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Based on cranial and phallic traits (Lidicker, 1968; Tate, 1951), Paraleptomys is traditionally considered closely related to Leptomys, but this hypothesis requires testing.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF31FEFA022BFA70FE7C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, N Sulawesi, Minahassa, Mt Masarang, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF31FEFA022BFA70FE7C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; throughout the island except upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang in SW peninsula (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF31FEFA022BFA70FE7C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic allocations of dominator from the time it was originally described as a species of Rattus by Thomas (1921 a), through its use as type-species of subgenus Paruromys by Ellerman {in Laurie and Hill, 1954), up to its inclusion in subgenus Bullimus by Misonne (1969) were reviewed by Musser and Newcomb (1983). Sody (1941) listed dominator as a species of Taeromys. Spermatozoal morphology of dominator is unlike species of Rattus or any other species for which data from spermatozoal morphology are available (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF2C0341FB97F6E0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus dominator Thomas, 1921.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7FFF32FF2C0341FB97F6E0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described by Ellerman as a subgenus of Rattus, but now recognized as distinct genus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A0AA1FB20FD3B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, SE peninsula, Gunung Lampobatang, Wawokaraeng, 2200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A0AA1FB20FD3B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A0AA1FB20FD3B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of Taeromys dominator by Sody (1941: 312), and usually listed as a subspecies of Paruromys dominator (Musser, 1984), but treated as distinct species by Musser and Holden (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF4E09F0FE5EFC6A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Floresomys naso Musser, 1981.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A08B5FCFCFAA2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis), Pulau Flores, Menggarai Prov., Liang Toge, cave near Warukia, 1 km south of Lepa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A08B5FCFCFAA2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Flores Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1A08B5FCFCFAA2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described and known only from subfossil fragments (Musser, 1981 c; Musser et al., 1986), but one extant specimen has been referred to this species by Kitchener et al. (1991 a), who suggested it is closely related to Sulawesian Bunomys. This assessment needs testing by study of more extant specimens of P. naso in a phylogenetic context that would also compare the sample to species of native New Guinea and Australian Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140DE3FB4DF840.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Angola, Landana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140DE3FB4DF840.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC and N Angola and W Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140DE3FB4DF840.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species that occurs either sympatrically or parapatrically with P. fallax in parts of its range (Crawford-Cabral, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140CCAFBEFF633.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Caya Dist., Zambesi River and Boror, Licuare River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140CCAFBEFF633.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Kenya, SW Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, E and NW Zimbabwe, and N Botswana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF140CCAFBEFF633.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Appreciable variation in size and fur color exists between samples from Angola and Zambia and those from the rest of the geographic range of P. fallax, suggesting more than one species may be present in this complex. No extant records are from South Africa but the species occurred in Natal more than 17,000 years before present when the region was covered with deciduous woodland instead of thornveld (Avery, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1B02DFFDFCF53E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Uganda, Kigezi, Rwamachuchu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1B02DFFDFCF53E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Rwanda, Uganda, and SW Kenya (see Bekele and Schütter, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF1B02DFFDFCF53E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically similar to P. isseli, but significant distinguishing traits suggested that hopkinsi and isseli should be viewed as separate species (Bekele and Schütter, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF4D0E86FC01F938.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Pelomys) fallax Peters, 1852.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7CFF31FF4D0E86FC01F938.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Definition and phylogenetic position of Pelomys needs to be reassessed in context of a systematic revision of arvicanthine murines. In overall morphology, the genus is most closely related to Mylomys and Desmomys. Komemys is usually treated as a subgenus for the species hopkinsi and isseli (e. g., Delany, 1975), but we recognize it here as a synonym of Pelomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE00A38FC7CFDF8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Lake Victoria, Kome Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE00A38FC7CFDF8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uganda; endemic to islands of Kome, Bugala, and Bunyama in Lake Victoria (Bekele and Schütter (1989; Delany, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE00A38FC7CFDF8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to P. hopkinsi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE10925FC07FD01.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Luluabourg.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE10925FC07FD01.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Angola, NW Zambia, S and E Zaire, and W Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE10925FC07FD01.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A very distinct species, but aspects of its morphology resemble some species of Lemniscomys (e. g., L. griselda).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE20F5FFCA9FA88.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE20F5FFCA9FA88.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes Isls (Heaney et al., 1991; Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE20F5FFCA9FA88.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes considered conspecific with P. pallidus, but cumingi is a distinct species (Thomas, 1898 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE30E94FC4EF9FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE30E94FC4EF9FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Luzon; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FF140818F959FBB3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Phloeomys) cumingi Waterhouse, 1839.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FF140818F959FBB3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Part of the Philippine Old Endemics, but actual phylogenetic relationships relative to other members of that group and to genera in other areas of IndoAustralian region unclear (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Listed as a member of Phloeomyinae by Simpson (1945), along with Chiropodomys, Coryphomys, Crateromys, Lenomys, Mallomys, and Pongonomys, but no data supports such an allocation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FF160D3DFB69F8AE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pithecheir melanurus Cuvier, 1838.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FF160D3DFB69F8AE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An endemc of the Sunda Shelf that Musser and Newcomb (1983) suggested, on the basis of cranial and dental traits, was distantly related to Lenothrix, an estimate of phylogenetic affinités unsupported by chromosomal data (Yong et al., 1982) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE30C73FB81F7B7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE30C73FB81F7B7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java only (see Musser, 1982 d: 76).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEE30C73FB81F7B7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by few specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEFC035AFC64F608.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malay Peninsula, Selangor, Bukit Kutu, near Kuala Kubu, 3,400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEFC035AFC64F608.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula (Pahang and Selangor).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF30FEFC035AFC64F608.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of P. melanurus, but is a distinctive species endemic to Malay Peninsula (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Muul and Lim, 1971). Karyotype has same diploid number as Hapalomys longicaudus, but is uninformative about inferring phylogenetic relationships (Yong, et al., 1982). Spermatozoal morphology very distinctive (no apical hook), unlike that of any other Sundaic endemic (Breed and Yong, 1986), and resembles sperm of Sulawesian Lenomys and Eropeplus (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF37FF170121F91EFE7F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Melomys mayeri Rothschild and Dollman, 1932.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7DFF37FF170121F91EFE7F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Revised by Menzies (1990). Originally described as a subgenus of Melomys, but now regarded as a distinct genus (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Menzies, 1990; Tate, 1951); its phylogenetic relationships to Melomys and other related genera still requires elucidation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010AA2FE74FD03.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Pulau Salawati, off W coast of Vogelkop.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010AA2FE74FD03.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; known only by 11 specimens from type locality, Vogelkop mainland, lower Fly River, and low altitudes on Mt Bosavi and Mt Sisa in Papua New Guinea (Menzies, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010AA2FE74FD03.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The lowland morphological and phylogenetic counterpart of the highland P. mayeri.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010801FAB9FBDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Weyland Range, Gebroeders Mtns, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010801FAB9FBDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; mountains from Weyland Range in Irian Jaya to Wau region in Morobe Prov. of Papua New Guinea; not known from farther east in Owen Stanley Range.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF010801FAB9FBDA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020F44FA53F993.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov., Huon Peninsula, Cromwell Range, Sevia, 1400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020F44FA53F993.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Central Cordillera of Papua New Guinea from Star Mtns in the west to the Wau region of Morobe Prov. in the east, including mountains of Huon Peninsula (Flannery, 1990 b; Menzies, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020F44FA53F993.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species of Melomys by Tate and Archbold (1935) and subsequently transferred to Pogonomelomys by Rümmler (1938) where it remained (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951) until Menzies (1990) made sevia the type species of Abeomelomys. The species has always been considered distinctive compared to mayeri and bruijnii (Flannery, 1990 b; Tate, 1951), but the traits used by Menzies to diagnose Abeomelomys do not distinguish that genus from Pogonomelomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020C99FBECF76B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, West Sepik Prov., Telefomin Valley, Ofektaman, 1400 m (see Flannery, 1988, for additional information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020C99FBECF76B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from Telefomin and Tifalmin valleys between 1400 and 2300 m (Flannery, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF020C99FBECF76B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically similar to P. sylvestris.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF36FF0303B6FD1EFE74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., mountains behind Astrolabe Range, near Mt Wori, Haveri, 700 m (see Laurie and Hill, 1954: 96, for details).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF36FF0303B6FD1EFE74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; throughout highland habitats from Vogelkop in the west to the Owen Stanley Range in the east; also a small sample from Fly River drainage in SC Papua New Guinea (in the American Museum of Natural History); and on Goodenough and Fergusson Isis in the the d'Entrecasteaux Arch. Australia, NE coastal Queensland (see discussion and map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 64).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF36FF0303B6FD1EFE74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The morphological and geographic definition of this species is unsatisfactory. Significance of the appreciable geographic variation in external, cranial, and dental dimensions among samples need to be assessed by a careful revision; more than one species may be represented. Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 170) catalogued taxonomic, distributional, and biological references for the Australian sample (which was identiifed as P. mollipilosus by Watts and Aslin, 1981); we provisionally include it under P. loriae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF340D8BFCE6F874.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Pogonomys) macrourus Milne-Edwards, 1877.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7AFF37FF340D8BFCE6F874.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea and Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). A chromosomal and morphometric study, representing an incomplete review of genus, was offered by Dennis and Menzies (1979). Additional chromosomal data were reported by Donnellan (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE10AA7FADBFD32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Vogelkop, Arfak Mtns, Amberbaki.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE10AA7FADBFD32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; throughout lowland and midmontane forests from sea level to 1500 m (see map in Flannery, 19906: 203); also recorded from Yapen (Japen Isl) and New Britain Isl in the Bismarck Arch (Rümmler, 1938).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE10AA7FADBFD32.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE209DDF94BFC20.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov., Rawlinson Mtns, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE209DDF94BFC20.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; mountains above 1300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE209DDF94BFC20.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: True sylvestris has been recorded only from Papua New Guinea. Previous records from Irian Jaya represent other species or morphologically distinctive montane isolates related to sylvestris at either the specific or subspecific level.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE30D8FFA1AF78D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Malawi, Mlanji Plateau, 5500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE30D8FFA1AF78D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High plateaus and isolated mountains from NE Zambia (Nyika Plateau, Makutus, and Mafingas; see map in Ansell, 1978) and Malawi (see map in Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), through Tanzania to SE Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEE30D8FFA1AF78D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Of the synonyms belonging here, taitae was described as a species (Heller, 1912) and recognized as such by Hollister (1919) and Swynnerton and Hayman (1951), melanotus was described as a form of P. tullbergi (Allen and Loveridge, 1933), and octomastis was presented as a subspecies of P. jacksoni (Hatt, 1940 b). Demeter and Hutterer (1986) suggested that taitae was synonymous with Hylomyscus denniae, but it is not, judging from our study of specimens and holotypes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEFC0390FE60F647.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Lake Oku.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEFC0390FE60F647.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Gotel Mtns in Nigeria (Hutterer et al., 1992; Nikolaus and Dowsett, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FEFC0390FE60F647.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still recorded only by a few specimens (Misonne, 1974; Nikolaus and Dowsett, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FF1408F9FCE5F982.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Epimys tullbergi Thomas, 1894.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF36FF1408F9FCE5F982.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Myomys (or Myomyscus), Mastomys, and Hylomyscus have been united with Praomys as subgenera (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Misonne, 1974), but are treated as separate genera here and by other workers such as Rosevear (1969), who also reviewed the taxonomic history of some species in Praomys as well as its generic status relative to the other genera allied with it. Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1987) and Van der Straeten and Dudu (1990) provided brief reviews of the historical and current allocations of forms to the P. tullbergi, P. jacksoni, and P. delectorum complexes. Chromosomal and biochemical traits reviewed or referenced by Qumsiyeh et al. (1990), who combined Myomys and Mastomys with Praomys. Additional chromosomal information recorded by Maddalena et al. (1989). Not only do the contents of Praomys require careful systematic revision, but its phylogenetic relationships relative to Mastomys, Myomys, and Hylomyscus also needs resolution through revisionary studies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF35FEFC02C9F95FFD0A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Entebbe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF35FEFC02C9F95FFD0A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From C Nigeria through Cameroon and Central African Republic to S Sudan, Zaire, N Angola, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and southward through E Tanzania to N and E Zambia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF7BFF35FEFC02C9F95FFD0A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: At one time listed as a subspecies of P. tullbergi (e. g., Hollister, 1919), jacksoni is a distinct species (Allen, 1939; Ansell, 1978; Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1987; Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990) occurring sympatrically with P. tullbergi. The problem of identifying the holotype of jacksoni as well as current names associated with the species was reviewed and discussed by Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1987) and Van der Straeten and Dudu (1990). The latter authors recognized montis and peromyscus as species; the P. jacksoni complex is probably composite, but until the forms representing potential species (viator, montis, peromyscus) have been diagnosed and their geographic ranges described we include them here under P. jacksoni. Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1992) reported results from craniometrical camparisons among four samples of P. jacksoni collected at differnent altitudes (850 - 3300 m).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0817FA8EFBFB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: C Zaire, Lukolela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0817FA8EFBFB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0817FA8EFBFB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of P. jacksoni (Hatt, 1934 b), and then treated as a subspecies of P. tullbergi (Petter, 1975 c), minor is a distinct species in the P. jacksoni complex (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0F27FA4DF9CD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Zaire, Kivu region, Irangi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0F27FA4DF9CD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and E Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1A0F27FA4DF9CD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sympatric with P. jacksoni at the type locality and with P. jacksoni and P. mutoni in Haut-Zaïre (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990). Regarded as related to P. tullbergi by Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1987). The type series and examples of misonnei we examined from the Ituri Forest in E Zaire and Gamangui in Haut-Zaïre, where P. jacksoni was also trapped, are morphologically very similar to P. tullbergi; the possibility that misonnei simply represents populations of P. tullbergi at the eastern margins of its geographic range needs to be considered in any systematic revision of the complex. Qumsiyeh et al. (1990) identified Kenyan samples as P. misonnei, and their chromosomal and electrophoretic characteristics relate the samples to Mastomys hildebrandti; identity of the Kenyan material should be reassessed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B0D51FB81F7D0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Mt. Cameroon, 7000 ft; see Rosevear (1969: 399).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B0D51FB81F7D0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mt. Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B0D51FB81F7D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A member of the P. tullbergi complex. We restrict P. morio to Mt. Cameroon, although Eisentraut (1970) recorded it from Bioko, and Petter (1965) discussed samples from the Central African Republic. The species requires definition; alledged distinctions between it and P. tullbergi may not reflect specific differences (Hutterer, in litt.). Our study revealed that series from outside of Mt. Cameroon identified as morio are either tullbergi or an undescribed species of Praomys (the series from Central African Republic, for example).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B033DFC7FF6A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Zaire (Haut-Zaïre), Batiabongena (Masako Forest Reserve), 00 ° 36 ' N, 25 º 13 ' E.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B033DFC7FF6A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF35FF1B033DFC7FF6A8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinct forest species related to P. jacksoni and occurring sympatrically with it (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF34FF1A0273FB9EFE8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, Mt Coffee.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF34FF1A0273FB9EFE8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from forest in Liberia, Mt Nimba region of Guinea, and Ivory Coast; limits unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF78FF34FF1A0273FB9EFE8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of tullbergi, but Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1981) distinguished rostratus from tullbergi by its greater body size, noted that both kinds were sympatric, and raised rostratus to specific rank. A similar distribution of body sizes, as well as different ecologies, were recorded by Gautun et al. (1986) from Mt Nimba, and they also separated their samples into either P. tullbergi or P. rostratus. P. rostratus is part of the murine fauna endemic to W Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEF90A93FC9EFCFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ghana, Ashanti, Wasa, Ankober River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEF90A93FC9EFCFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forest and Guinea woodland from Gambia River in the west through Cameroon to N and E Zaire; Bioko; also NW Angola (specimens in the Field Museum of Natural History); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEF90A93FC9EFCFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rosevear (1969), Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1981), and more recent reports cited in the above species accounts. Closely related to P. misonnei, P. morio, and P. rostratus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEF90F18FC8CFB4C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Morobe Prov., Mt Missim, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEF90F18FC8CFB4C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; known only from the type locality and high slopes of Mt Wilhelm (Laurie, 1952).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEFA0FDCFABFFA5A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, north of Lake Wilhelmina, Lake Habbema, 3225 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FEFA0FDCFABFFA5A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; known only from the area around Lake Habbema and slopes of Mt Wilhelmina in Irian Jaya (Tate, 1951: 225) and the Star Mtns and Victor Emmanuel Range in W Papua New Guinea (Flannery, 19906: 181).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FF13083FFC4DFBF0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pseudohydromys murinus Riimmler, 1934.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FF13083FFC4DFBF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Closely related to Mayermys and Neohydromys in phallic morphology (Lidicker, 1968) as well as external, cranial, and dental traits.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FF2C0ED0FCA0F64C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Pseudomys australis Gray, 1832.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF34FF2C0ED0FCA0F64C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic, distributional, and biological references to all species cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988). Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c), part of which is the Conilurini where Lee et al. (1981) and Baverstock (1984) placed Pseudomys. Data from several character suites have been used to estimate relationships among species of Pseudomys: anatomy of male and female reproductive tracts (Breed, 1980, 1985, 1986); phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Morrissey and Breed, 1982); spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983, 1984; Breed and Sarafis, 1978); electrophoretic (Baverstock et al., 1977 a, 1981); and chromosomal (Baverstock et al., 1977 c, 19836). Despite such different approaches, no study estimating phylogenetic relationships is available that integrates all these data with information from skins, skulls, and dentitions. So of all the distinctive groups of species comprising what is now called Pseudomys, opinion still ranges from including them all in one genus (Pseudomys) to allocating them to three genera (Pseudomys, Gyomys, and Leggadina) to merging Mastacomys and Leporillus with Pseudomys (see discussions in Baverstock et al., 1981; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Breed, 1983; Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; and Watts et al., 1992). Watts et al. (1992) discussed the futility of attempting to split Pseudomys and they regarded it as a single but complex genus in which results from microcomplement fixation confirmed its monophyly relative to the other Australian murines except Mastacomys, which they merge with Pseudomys. Vie follow that taxonomic decision here.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF2BFEFB02DEFC94FD52.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, " scrubby plains near Perth " (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 171).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF2BFEFB02DEFC94FD52.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, SW Western Australia (from Shark Bay area southeast to Israelite Bay); also found on islands of Bernier, Dorre, Shark Bay, and Woody (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 196).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF79FF2BFEFB02DEFC94FD52.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Analysis of phallic morphology suggested P. albocinereus belongs in group with P. fumeus and P. shortridgei (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), but electrophoretic data placed it in a cluster containing P. apodemoides and seven other species, excluding P. fumeus and P. shortridgei (Baverstock et al., 1981). Dental traits suggested P. albocinereus is closely related to the Pliocene P. vandycki, and if resemblance reflects monophyly, the two species form a distinct group within Pseudomys (Godthelp, 1989). But Watts (in litt.) wrote that " virtually all data supports close relationships between P. apodemoides and P. albocinereus. Relationships beyond this are any ones guess. " See also Watts et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A09BCFD4DFC41.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Southern Australia, Coombe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A09BCFD4DFC41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; SE South Australia and W Victoria (Murray-Darling Basin).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A09BCFD4DFC41.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetic relationships are equivocal to some (see discussion in Lidicker and Brylski, 1987: 635, and references therein), but not to other workers (see preceeding account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B08CDFA65FA61.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, SW side of Liverpool Plains.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B08CDFA65FA61.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; New South Wales, S Queensland, South Australia, and S Northern Territory; Late Pleistocene to Recent remains from W Victoria (Watts and Aslin, 1981); probably extinct in New South Wales (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 172).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B08CDFA65FA61.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Microscopic structure of hooks on sperm head reported by Flaherty and Breed (1982). Phallic information suggested P. australis is related to P. gouldii, P. higginsi, and P. nanus, to the exclusion of other species of Pseudomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987: 635); electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) are not discordant with this association.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A0EAAFDB3F905.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, South Australia, Ooldea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A0EAAFDB3F905.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, S South Australia and S Western Australia (see map in Kitchener, 1985: 216).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0A0EAAFDB3F905.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Troughton (1932 a) as a subspecies of P. hermannsburgensis, but distinguished from that species and redescribed by Kitchener et al. (1984 a), who also reported sympatry of both species at Goongarrie, Western Australia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF040C16FBE0F6F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Pilbara Dist., East Hammersley Range, West Angelas Mine Site (Kitchener, 1980 provided additional information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF040C16FBE0F6F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, NW Western Australia; extant specimens known only from Pilbara Dist. (see map in Kitchener, 1985: 216), but distribution of pebble mounds indicated range once extended through Gascoyne to Murchison Dist. with southern limit near Mileura, northern limit the Great Sandy Desert, and eastern limit the Gibson Desert (see discussion and map in Dunlop and Pound, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF040C16FBE0F6F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species builds pebble mounds and is sympatric with P. hermannsburgensis (Kitchener, 1980), which does not construct pebble mounds (Dunlop and Pound, 1981), but phylogenetically most closely allied to P. johnsoni, another species that constructs pebble mounds (Kitchener, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B021BFD5CF563.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Port Essington.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B021BFD5CF563.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; N coastal region from near Port Hedland in Western Australia to Bundaberg area in Queensland (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 188). SC Papu New Guinea, Morehead region on the trans-Fly plains (Waithman, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2BFF0B021BFD5CF563.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic data and spermatozoal morphology supported a close relationship between P. delicatulus, P. novaehollandiae, and P. pilligaensis (Breed, 1983; Briscoe et al., 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2AFF0B01ACF9AFFDBD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, " Central Australia " (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 174).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2AFF0B01ACF9AFFDBD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arid regions of Australia; Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 174).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF66FF2AFF0B01ACF9AFFDBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Spermatozoal morphology similar to P. australis and many other species of Pseudomys (Breed, 1983). Both names listed above are unused senior synonyms of desertor and should not be used (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 174).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90960FB96FC7B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, S Northern Territory, Alice Springs.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90960FB96FC7B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90960FB96FC7B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90960FB96FC7B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Still represented only by the holotype. " It is difficult to determine whether or not this represents a distinct species or a rather aberrant specimen of some other species " (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 171).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF908A7FA91FAB3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Victoria, Turton's Pass, Otway Forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF908A7FA91FAB3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Victoria (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 202). Range during Late Pleistocene extended into E New South Wales (Wakefield, 1972 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF908A7FA91FAB3.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF908A7FA91FAB3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic data separated P. fumeus from other species of Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981); phallic morphology suggested a close tie between P. fumeus, P. albocinereus, and P. shortridgei, a group for which the generic name Gyomys is available (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987: 635); but spermatozoal structure tied P. fumeus with most other species of Pseudomys (Breed, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90E5EF934F7ED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Tasmania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90E5EF934F7ED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; modern records from E New South Wales, S Victoria, and Tasmania, but Late Pleistocene-Holocene fragments indicated range once included Kangaroo Island, Carrieton, and Naracoorte in South Australia (Archer et al., 1984; Pledge, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEF90E5EF934F7ED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The form fuscus and the other taxa listed above were all described and revised under Mastacomys (Ride, 1956; Wakefield, 1972 b), and this genus has always been recognized as part of the Australian fauna (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988). However, chromosomal morphology (Baverstock et al., 1977 c), Gbanding homologies (Baverstock et al., 1983 b), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), and phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) linked fuscus with some species of Pseudomys, and Watts et al. (1992) united fuscus with Pseudomys. Sperm head structure reported by Breed (1984), and variation in external morphology of glans penis documented by Morrissey and Breed (1982). Taxonomic, distributional, and biological references cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 160).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEFA0330FA1DF6F0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, S Queensland.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEFA0330FA1DF6F0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Murray-Darling basin in New South Wales and S Queensland (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 175).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF2AFEFA0330FA1DF6F0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 175).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF29FEFA021AFDFFFE8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, north of Hunter River (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 175).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF29FEFA021AFDFFFE8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; range based on Recent and subfossil specimens includes W Western Australia and Murray-Darling basin in E South Australia, New South Wales, and N Victoria.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF29FEFA021AFDFFFE8E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF67FF29FEFA021AFDFFFE8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For full citation and other information see Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 175). Apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 175); no live animals seen or collected since the middle 1850 ' s (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 169). Phallic morphology indicated gouldii is clustered with P. australis, P. higginsi, and P. nanus (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A0A93FA02FCC7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Darling Downs, Oakey Creek.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A0A93FA02FCC7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; modern range along the eastern coast from Townsville in N Queensland to Sydney area in New South Wales; subfossil specimens from farther south in New South Wales (Mahoney and Posamentier, 1975) and from S Victoria (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 180).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A0A93FA02FCC7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetically closely related to P. nanus, an estimate based on spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977 a, 1981), and morphology of skin, skull, and teeth (Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A084BFAE7FAE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, George Gill Range (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 176).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A084BFAE7FAE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; arid parts of Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, W Queensland, W New South Wales, and NW Victoria (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 190).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0A084BFAE7FAE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) indicated P. hermannsburgensis is clustered with most other species in Pseudomys, but phallic morphology interpreted by Lidicker and Brylski (1987) as indicating closer affinity to species they place in Leggadina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0B0E29FD2BF904.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Tasmania, Kentishbury.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0B0E29FD2BF904.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; extant population known only from Tasmania; represented on mainland in Victoria and E New South Wales by Late Pleistocene samples (Wakefield, 1972 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF0B0E29FD2BF904.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) and electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) placed P. higginsi with most other species of Pseudomys, but phallic anatomy (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) clustered P. higginsi with P. australis, P. gouldii, and P. nanus. Wakefield (1972 b) described australiensis as a subspecies based on Late Pleistocene fossils.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF050C16FC75F7C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, C Northern Territory, Kurundi Station, Kurinelli Mine, 150 m (Kitchener, 1985, provided additional information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF050C16FC75F7C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; known only from small area in arid C Northern Territory (see map in Kitchener, 1985: 216).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF050C16FC75F7C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest phylogenetic relative is apparently P. chapmani, which occurs in NW Western Australia (Kitchener, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF04034BF9F0F66B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, N Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Mitchell Plateau, adjacent to Camp Creek, 270 m (Kitchener and Humphreys, 1986: 421, provided more information, including description of habitat at type locality).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF04034BF9F0F66B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, N Western Australia and N Northern Territory (see maps in Kitchener and Humphreys, 1986: 430, 1987: 292).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF29FF04034BF9F0F66B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Kitchener and Humphreys (1987) proposed calabyi as a subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF28FF0402B7FD42FDE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Victoria Plains (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 177).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF28FF0402B7FD42FDE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; W coast of Western Australia (also Barrow Isl), between Port Hedland and the Barkly Tableland in NE Western Australia, N Northern Territory, and NW Queensland (also South-West Isl in Gulf of Carpentaria); see map in Watts and Aslin (1981: 177).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF64FF28FF0402B7FD42FDE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A close relative of P. gracilicaudatus to the exclusion of other species of Pseudomys, judged by analyses of electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977 a, 1981); but a member of the group that includes only P. australis, P. gouldii, and P. higginsi, a conclusion based on phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987); but not a distinctive relative to most other species in the genus as judged by spermatozoal form (Breed, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF40932FB24FC8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, upper Hunter River, Yarrundi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF40932FB24FC8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; Coastal region of E New South Wales, S Victoria, and N Tasmania (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 193).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF40932FB24FC8C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF40932FB24FC8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: External, cranial, and dental morphology, along with electrophoretic data and spermatozoal anatomy, pointed to a close relationship between P. novaehollandiae and P. pilligaensis (Briscoe et al., 1981; Breed, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF5089FF99DFAC4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Tambellup.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF5089FF99DFAC4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; extant range in SW Western Australia, subfossil specimens indicate species extended along S coastline to Kangaroo Isl off coast of South Australia (see map and discussion in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 205).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF5089FF99DFAC4.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF5089FF99DFAC4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered " rare and likely to become extinct, " but range was contracting before arrival of Europeans (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 205). Electrophoretic data clustered P. occidentalis with all other Pseudomys analyzed except P. fumeus, P. gracilicaudatus, P. nanus, and P. shortridgei (Baverstock et al., 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50E49FDC8F91D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia; exact place unknown, but likely located in NE New South Wales or SE Queensland (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 179).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50E49FDC8F91D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; extant specimens from NE New South Wales and SE Queensland, but Late Pleistocene fossils are from farther south in New South Wales and E Victoria (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 170).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50E49FDC8F91D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50E49FDC8F91D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of P. australis (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 179). One of the least known and rarest of Pseudomys (Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50C01FC65F80C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Mt Inkerman.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50C01FC65F80C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the region of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF50C01FC65F80C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a distinct species by Fox and Briscoe (1980) and Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 179), but earlier judged by Mahoney to be a synonym of P. delicatulus (see Kitchener, 1985: 218).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF6031FFBD2F611.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, Merriwindi State Forest, 3 km west of Pilliga-Baradine Road., Cumberdeen Road (Fox and Briscoe, 1980, provided additional information).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF6031FFBD2F611.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, N New South Wales, collected from a few localities within the Pilliga Scrub (see map in Fox and Briscoe, 1980: 119).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF6031FFBD2F611.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF28FEF6031FFBD2F611.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal morphology described by Fox and Briscoe (1980). Morphological and electrophoretic data supported a close phylogenetic relationship of P. pilligaensis to P. delicatulus and P. novaehollandiae (Briscoe et al., 1981), which was reinforced by spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF2FFEF602FFFCB1FE8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, Peron Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF2FFEF602FFFCB1FE8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Western Australia Shark Bay region and Bernier Isl (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 166).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF2FFEF602FFFCB1FE8C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF65FF2FFEF602FFFCB1FE8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Clustered with most other species of Pseudomys, judged by electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2FFF0F0A9EFA44FC46.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, SW Western Australia, neighborhood of Woyerling Reserve, 973 ft (additional information in Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 180).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2FFF0F0A9EFA44FC46.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; SW Western Australia and SW Victoria (Grampian Mtns and Portland areas); see map in Watts and Aslin (1981: 185).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2FFF0F0A9EFA44FC46.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2FFF0F0A9EFA44FC46.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thought to be extinct in Western Australia (Watts and Aslin, 1981), but recently rediscovered there (Baynes et al., 1987). Electrophoretic data suggested P. shortridgei is phylogenetically isolated from all other species of Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981); spermatozoal morphology unlike most other Pseudomys but similar to that of P. delicatulus, P. novaehollandiae, and P. pilligaensis (Breed, 1983); phallic anatomy linked P. shortridgei to P. albocinereus and P. fumeus, a group that could be generically recognized by calling it Gyomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987: 635).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2EFF2308E4FA2AFCEF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus decumanus Pallas, 1778 (see Hollister, 1916 b; = Mus norvégiens Berkenhout, 1769).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF62FF2EFF2308E4FA2AFCEF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rattus Frisch, 1775, is unavailable. Sody (1941) proposed the genera Christomys, Cironomys, Geromys, Mollicomys, Octomys, and Pullomys for various species we list in Rattus; all are nomina nuda. Togomys is based on R. exulans (Dieterlen, in Ansell, 1989 a). Taxonomic changes altering the definition of Rattus as understood by Tate (1936), Ellerman (1941, 1949 «, 1961), and Simpson (1945), were described and summarized by Misonne (1969), Musser (1981 b), Musser and Newcomb (1983), Musser and Holden (1991), and Musser and Heaney (1992). Species we list here can be sorted into the following groups. 1. The norvegicus group. Rattus norvegicus, the type species of the genus, is divergent from Rattus rattus in morphology as well as electrophoretic and immunological traits (Chan, 1977; Chan et al., 1979; Baverstock et al., 1983 «, c, 1986; Watts, in litt.) 2. The rattus group (adustus, argentiventer, baluensis, burrus, everetti, hoffmanni, koopmani, losea, lugens, mindorensis, mollicomulus, nitidus, osgoodi, palmarum, rattus, tanezumi, sikkimensis, simalurensis, tawitawiensis, tiomanicus, and turkestanicus). Morphology of these species generally reflects the conception of what is usually called subgenus Rattus (Musser and Holden, 1991). Whether or not this cluster, along with the norvegicus group, will eventually form the only contents of Rattus is a speculation that has to be assessed by systematic revision of the genus (Musser and Heaney, 1985, 1992; Musser and Holden, 1991). Comparative chromosomal data for many of these species were summarized by Musser and Holden (1991). Schwarz and Schwarz (1967) offered a most peculiar and idiosyncratic revision of the group. 3. Native Australian species (colletti, fuscipes, lutreolus, sordidus, tunneyi, and villosissimus), which were revised by Taylor and Horner (1973) and are reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981); one {sordidus) also occurs in New Guinea. Results from biochemical and chromosomal studies indicated the species form a monophyletic cluster to the exclusion of either R. rattus or R. norvegicus (Baverstock et al., 19774, 1983 «, 1986). Baverstock et al. (1983 «) proposed a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships based on cladistic analyses of electrophoretic, immunologic, and chromosomal data, and another proposed set of relationships assessed by isozyme elecrophoresis (Baverstock et al., 1986). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references. This group may also include the endemics from Timor {timorensis) and Flores (hainaldi). Furthermore, such endemic Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis) genera as Komodomys are morphologically similar to some members of the Australian Rattus. 4. Native New Guinea species {jobiensis, leucopus, mordax, novaeguineae, praetor, sanila, steini, and probably giluwensis), which are indigenous to New Guinea and adjacent archipelagos; one (leucopus) also occurs in NE Australia. All have been the subject of a systematic revision by Taylor et al. (1982, 1983). Known endemics of the Moluccas (elaphinus, feliceus, and probably morotaiensis) are also related to this group. Nature of the relationship among this group and members of Stenomys, members of the Australian cluster, and those genera of New Endemics native to the Philippine Isis (Musser and Heaney, 1992) remains to be resolved. 5. The xanthurus group (bontanus, foramineus, marmosurus, pelurus, and xanthurus), which occurs on Sulawesi and adjacent Peleng Isl, and may eventually be removed from Rattus (Musser and Holden, 1991). Phylogenetic affinities of the remaining species listed below (annandalei, enganus, exulans, hoogerwerfi, macleari, montanus, nativitatis, ranjiniae, stoicus, and korinchi) are unresolved; some may eventually be excluded from the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF00833FB22FB58.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Pulau Enggano, off the coast of W Sumatra (and off the continental shelf), Kiojoh, sea level.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF00833FB22FB58.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Enggano Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF00833FB22FB58.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype. Although Sody (1940) described adustus as a species of Rattus, he later listed it as a subspecies of R. rattus in a section also containing lugens and mentaivai, populations endemic to the Mentawai islands (Sody, 1941). The Enggano rat is distinctive; in morphology and geographic proximity it is related to R. lugens (Musser and Heaney, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10FC2FA64F9CA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia (Malay Peninsula), S Perak, Sungkei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10FC2FA64F9CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula, Singapore, E Sumatra, and islands of Padang and Rupat off the coast of E Sumatra (see Musser and Newcomb, 1983: 515, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10FC2FA64F9CA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sundaic endemic; superficially resembles Sundamys muelleri and some species of Rattus in primitive external, cranial, and dental features, but in other specialized traits R. annandalei is unlike any species of Sundamys and may even eventually be removed from Rattus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10D54F9C2F69F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, west coast of Sumatra, Pasir Ganting.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10D54F9C2F69F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Thailand, Koh Samui off the east coast of peninsular Thailand, Cambodia, and S Vietnam in Indochina; the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Kangean Isl, and Bali on the Sunda Shelf; islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Rintja, Flores, Sumba, and Timor in Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis); Mindoro and Mindanao Isis in the Philippines; Sulawesi; and one place and date of collection in New Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF10D54F9C2F69F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The incorrect historical association of argentiventer as a subspecies of Rattus rattus was summarized by Musser (1973 b). Judged by its close morphological alliance with species Ellerman (1941) placed in subgenus Rattus, which are mostly mainland Asian in origins, and its peculiar geographic distribution that is discordant with ranges of endemic species, R. argentiventer seems clearly an element that is native to Indochina and was inadvertently introduced into the endemic and highly distinctive murine faunas of the Sunda Shelf, Philippines, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and New Guinea (Musser, 1973 b; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Taylor et al., 1982), possibly with the spread of rice culture. Rattus hoxaensis from C Vietnam, described by Dao (1960), probably represents R. argentiventer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF20284FD06F539.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF20284FD06F539.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 7000 - 12,500 ft on slopes of Gunung Kinabalu, N Borneo (Musser, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF63FF2EFEF20284FD06F539.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic history of past, and incorrect, association of baluensis with Rattus rattus was documented by Musser (1986), who also noted that its closest relative is probably R. tiomanicus, which occurs in lowlands of Borneo and on many islands of the Sunda Shelf.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF090A3AFDDBFD43.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, SW Sulawesi, Mt Bonthain (Gunung Lampobatang), 2000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF090A3AFDDBFD43.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from 600 - 2500 m on the slopes of Gunung Lampobatang, SW Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF090A3AFDDBFD43.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sody (1941) questionably included this species in Taeromys, Laurie and Hill (1954), and Musser (1984) treated it as a subspecies of R. xanthurus, but Musser and Holden (1991) contended that it is a distinct species most closely related to R. foramineus, which occurs in coastal lowlands of the southern end of the SW peninsula of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0909CCFA9DFB9A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Nicobar Isis, Trinkat Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0909CCFA9DFB9A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands of Trinkat, Little Nicobar, and Great Nicobar in the Nicobar Archipelago.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0909CCFA9DFB9A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Except for larger body size, morphology closely resembles that of most samples of R. tiomanicus from the Sunda Shelf. Whether burrus is an endemic of the Nicobars or whether samples from the three islands are insular variants of R. tiomanicus needs to be tested by a systematic revision of the R. tiomanicus complex (Musser, 1986; Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0F87FDC8F96C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, South Alligator River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0F87FDC8F96C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; known only from the coastal floodplains of the Northern Territory, the most restricted range of all the native Australian Rattus. (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0F87FDC8F96C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged as a subspecies of R. sordidus by Taylor and Horner (1973), but subsequently treated as a separate species (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Although diploid counts are very different, Rattus colletti (2 N = 42) is genically close to R. villosissimus (2 N = 50); the two hybridize in the laboratory, but the offspring exhibit severely reduced fertility (Baverstock et al., 1983 a, 1986). Fertile hybrids have been obtained between laboratory crosses of R. colletti and R. tunneyi, but the two are sympatric in the wild where no hybrids have been found (Baverstock et al., 1983 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0DBEFD51F7DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Sula, Pulau Taliabu (east of Pulau Peleng and Sulawesi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0DBEFD51F7DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Palau (Isl) Taliabu, Indonesia (Musser and Holden, 1991) and adjacent Pulau Manggole (Flannery, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A0DBEFD51F7DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A morphologically distinctive species that is most closely related to native Rattus on the Moluccas and New Guinea. Amplified description and comparisons with Sulawesian R. hoffmanni and R. koopmani from Peleng Isl provided by Musser and Holden (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A034FFA79F667.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Pulau Enggano (west of Sumatra and off the continental margin).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A034FFA79F667.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Enggano Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2DFF0A034FFA79F667.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by the holotype. Some cranial, dental, and external features resemble those in R. macleari from Christmas Island and R. xanthurus from Sulawesi, but the holotype of R. enganus is morphologically distinctive; determining its phylogenetic affinities within Rattus will require more specimens from Enggano Isl and revisionary study of the genus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2CFF0A02ABF919FDD9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Mindanao Isl (Heaney and Rabor, 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2CFF0A02ABF919FDD9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Ticao, Camiguin, Samar, Calicoan, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao, Basilan, Bohol, Biliran, and Maripipi; probably occurs on other islands in the Philippine archipelago (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF60FF2CFF0A02ABF919FDD9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: May be more than one species represented in insular samples (tyrannus, for example), and the everetti complex needs critical systematic revision. Similar to the core group of Rattus in cranial, dental, and spermatozoal characters (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser and Heaney, 1992), but not closely related to other species of Rattus endemic to the Philipines. Member of the Philippine New Endemics, but distantly related to other genera in that group (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFA0944FA6BF959.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Society Isis, Tahiti Isl (France).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFA0944FA6BF959.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Sundaic region (incl. Mentawai isls, and islands of Enggano, Nias, and Simeulule), Christmas Isl, Sulawesi, Philippines, Moluccas, Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isis), New Guinea Region, two islands off the coast of N and NE Australia (not on mainland), Micronesia, New Zealand, and Polynesia, including Hawaii and Easter Isl. Not recorded from Andaman or Nicobar isls, despite assertion of Wodzicki and Taylor (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFA0944FA6BF959.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Inadvertant human introduction responsible for most of the Pacific insular occurrences (see Roberts, 1991), and possibly for distribution outside of mainland SE Asia where species may have originated (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Rattus exulans has traditionally been included within subgenus Rattus along with R. argentiventer, R. nitidus, R. norvegicus, R. rattus, and others which have, in the past, formed the core of that group (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Misonne, 1969). Some electrophoretic and chromosomal data supported this allocation (Raman and Sharma, 1977; Chan, 1977; Chan et al., 1979), but morphological and other biochemical data suggested the species is distant from R. rattus and its close relatives (Gemmeke and Niethammer, 1984; Medway and Yong, 1976; Pasteur et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0DC4FD11F7FD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Maluku, Pulau Seram, Gunung Manusela, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0DC4FD11F7FD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Seram Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0DC4FD11F7FD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An amplified description and comparison with R. koopmani from Peleng Isl were provided by Musser and Holden (1991), who also discussed past, and incorrect, subspecific allocations of feliceus to other species of Rattus. Phylogenetic affinities of R. feliceus are with species of Rattus endemic to New Guinea region (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0321F9E6F601.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, SW Sulawesi, Bulukumba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0321F9E6F601.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from a few localities on coastal lowlands near the end of the SW peninsula of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF2CFEFB0321F9E6F601.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sody described pelurus from Pulau Peleng as a subspecies of R. foramineus, but the Peleng Isl rat is a distinct species (Musser and Holden, 1991). Rattus foramineus is represented only by four modern specimens (Sody, 1941) and subfossil fragments (Musser, 1984; Musser and Holden, 1991). Laurie and Hill (1954) listed R. foramineus as incertae sedis, but Musser (1984) treated it as a subspecies of R. xanthurus, and Musser and Holden (1991) considered it to be a species most closely related to R. bontanus, which replaces it on slopes of Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF23FEFB010EFC53FD2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Neotype from Australia, Western Australia, Albany, " Little Grove " on Princess Royal Harbor, 4 mi S Mt Melville; holotype was lost (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Taylor and Horner, 1973).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF23FEFB010EFC53FD2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal, subcoastal, and offshore islands of SW Western Australia; S coast from Eyre Peninsula in South Australia to W Victoria; coastal and subcoastal Victoria from Otway Peninsula north to near Rockhampton in Queensland; coastal Queensland from Townsville to Cooktown (see map in Taylor and Horner, 1973: 15).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF61FF23FEFB010EFC53FD2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taylor and Horner (1973) suggested, on morphological grounds, that the Queensland population of R. fuscipes (coracius) has a common ancestry with Queensland R. leucopus, a hypothesis reasserted by Taylor et al. (1982, 1983). This relationship, however, is not supported by either chromosomal (Dennis and Menzies, 1978) or biochemical data (Baverstock et al., 1983 a, 1986). See Taylor and Calaby (1988 a, Mammalian Species, 298).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F09F0FB60FB9F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: NE New Guinea, Papua, Mt Giluwe, 11,000 - 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F09F0FB60FB9F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Mt Giluwe, Papua New Guinea and adjoining highlands between 2195 and 3660 m (see map in Taylor et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F09F0FB60FB9F.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F09F0FB60FB9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as R. ruber melanurus by Laurie and Hill (1954: 112), but the name is preoccupied by Rattus melanurus Shamel, 1940, which refers to a sample of Maxomys whiteheadi. A morphologically distinctive species whose phylogenetic affinities seem equivocal (Taylor et al., 1982, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0F82F96AFA8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, Pulau Flores, Gunung Ranakah, 1300 m, above Kampong Robo, Desa Longko, 8 km SSE Ruteng.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0F82F96AFA8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Flores Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0F82F96AFA8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by two specimens (Kitchener et al., 1991 c). Phylogenetic affinities uncertain, possibly allied to native Australian and New Guinea species of Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0E92F937F87A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Minahassa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0E92F937F87A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; throughout island except upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang at the end of the SW peninsula (distribution is concordant with that of Paruromys dominator); also on Pulau Malenge in Kepulauan Togian (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF0F0E92F937F87A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological, chromosomal, distributional, and ecological boundaries of species elaborated by Musser and Holden (1991), who also documented taxonomic history. Closest relative of R. hoffmanni is R. mollicomulus from Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi; both form the monophyletic Rattus hoffmanni group. Phylogenetic affinities of this group to other species of Rattus is unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF080CA4FCFEF6B0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Aceh, Gunung Leuser, Blang Kedjeren, 2900 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF080CA4FCFEF6B0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from between 2900 and 9300 ft in foothills and upper slopes of Gunung Leuser, Sumatra (see map in Musser, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF080CA4FCFEF6B0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Very distinctive and possibly not a member of Rattus. Morphology and comparisons with other species documented by Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Musser (1986). Although phylogenetic affinities with species of Rattus from Sulawesi, the Philippines, and Christmas Island have been claimed by Miller (1942), and with R. korinchi by Chasen (1939), no compelling evidence links R. hoogerwerfi with any other species (Musser, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF08025AFA03F53C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Pulay Yapen (Japen Isl) in Teluk Cendrawasih (Geelvinck Bay).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF08025AFA03F53C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, recorded only from islands of Yapen, Owi, and Biak in Geelvinck Bay (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 262).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6EFF23FF08025AFA03F53C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of R. leucopus, jobiensis is a distinctive species that may be more closely related to Moluccan endemics than to native mainland New Guinea species of Rattus (Taylor et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFA0A3CFD98FD5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Banggai, Pulau Peleng (1 ° 23 ' S, 123 ° 14 ' E), which is separated from mainland Sulawesi by deepwater Selat Peleng.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFA0A3CFD98FD5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Peleng Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFA0A3CFD98FD5D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by the holotype. In some characters, R. koopmani resembles the Sulawesian R. hoffmanni, but it also shares other traits with R. elaphinus from Taliabu Isl to the east of Peleng Isl. More specimens are needed to assess morphological variation (Musser and Holden, 1991) and better estimate phylogenetic affinity.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB09CEFB14FC33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Propinsi Jambi, Gunung Kerinci, Sungai Kring, 7300 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB09CEFB14FC33.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Gunung Kerinci and Gunung Talakmau in W Sumatra (see map in Musser, 1986: 4).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB09CEFB14FC33.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Musser (1986). Known by very few specimens, and morphologically unlike any other described species of Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB08DFFA2CF981.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Cape York = Locality of lectotype (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988: 183).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB08DFFA2CF981.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Queensland; one population ranges from the tip of Cape York south down the E side of the Peninsula to the vicinity of Coen, another from the region of Cooktown south along the coast to Tully; all records are east of the Great Dividing Range (see maps in Taylor and Horner, 1973: 43; Watts and Aslin, 1981). New Guinea; widespread in lowlands south of Central Cordillera, and in N and S lowland regions fringing the Owen Stanley Range (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 232).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEFB08DFFA2CF981.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species and R. sordidus are the only two native Rattus occurring on both New Guinea and the NE coastal region of Australia (Taylor et al., 1982). Morphologically related to other species of Rattus native to New Guinea (Taylor et al., 1982). Morphological data interpreted by Taylor and Horner (1973) to indicate close affiliation between R. leucopus and R. fuscipes from coastal Queensland; genic data discordant with this view (Baverstock et al., 1983 a, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF40D8CFD06F75A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF40D8CFD06F75A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Taiwan, Pescadores Isis, S China (Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Hainan Isl), C Vietnam, S Laos, and Thailand (excluding peninsular Thailand); probably will also be found in Cambodia, N Laos and Vietnam, and parts of Burma borderingThailand (Musser and Newcomb, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF40D8CFD06F75A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known morphological, geographical, and altitudinal boundaries; correctly and incorrectly assoicated scientific names; and geographic variation reviewed by Musser and Newcomb (1985). They also suggested that R. losea is morphologically and probably phylogenetically nearer R. osgoodi from the highlands of S Vietnam than any other species of Rattus, and speculated that R. losea is also phylogenetically linked to R. argentiventer.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF503C4FA32F579.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Mentawai, Pulau Utara Pagai (North Pagai Isl).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF503C4FA32F579.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Islands of Siberut, Sipora, Pagai Utara, and Pagai Selattan in the Mentawai Archipelago off coast of SW Sumatra; these islands lie on a slender peninsula of the continental shelf.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6FFF22FEF503C4FA32F579.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chasen (1940) listed lugens and mentawai each as a subspecies of R. rattus, but the Mentawai endemic is a morphologically distinctive species closely related to R. adustus from Enggano Isl, and to the R. tiomanicus complex (Musser, 1986; Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985). Part of the rodent fauna endemic to Mentawi Archipelago (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030A2CFB6FFD38.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, New South Wales, Hunter River, Moscheto Isl (locality of lectotype; see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030A2CFB6FFD38.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tasmania; coastal and subcoastal habitats from vicinity of Adelaide in SE South Australia east and north through Victoria, New South Wales to SE Queensland; isolated populations occur in N Queensland (see maps in Taylor and Horner, 1973: 53, and Watts and Aslin, 1981: 231).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030A2CFB6FFD38.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Watts and Aslin (1981) provided a comprehensive discussion of the species. See Taylor and Calaby (1988 b, Mammalian Species, 299).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF0309E5FBCEFA5B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Christmas Isl (Australia).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF0309E5FBCEFA5B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Was endemic to Christmas Isl, 320 km south of Java in the Indian Ocean, but was thought to be extinct by 1908 (Andrews, 1909) and is now considered extinct (Flannery, 1990 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF0309E5FBCEFA5B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) first listed the species as the only member of " macleari " group in subgenus Rattus, then placed it and R. nativitatis in same group within subgenus Stenomys of Rattus (Ellerman, 1949 a). Chasen (1940) thought macleari to be nearest Sundamys muelleri, but in their comparisons, Musser and Newcomb (1983) found no support for this alliance. Misonne (1969) included macleari in subgenus Rattus. Sody (1941) proposed genus Christomys for macleari. In the original description, Thomas (1887 c) indicated macleari to belong to a group that included celebensis, everetti, meyeri, and xanthurus; of these, only xanthurus resembled macleari (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, but Musser (1986) suggested macleari should be compared with a group of species that includes annandalei, enganus, korinchi, montanus, nativitatis, and xanthurus, all not part of subgenus Rattus, and distantly related to it.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030EC7F8B4F879.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Minahassa, Gunung Masarang, 2000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030EC7F8B4F879.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Sulawesi only, from vicinity of Teluk Kuandang (0 ° 50 ' N, 122 ° 52 ' E) east to Gunung Klabat (1 ° 28 ' N, 125 ° 02 ' E).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF030EC7F8B4F879.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although marmosurus has been listed as a subspecies of R. xanthurus (Ellerman, 1941; Laurie and Hill, 1954), most researchers besides Thomas have recognized its specific uniqueness (Misonne, 1969; Musser, 1971 c, 1984; Musser and Holden, 1991; Sody, 1941; Tate, 1936). Furthermore, the two are sympatric in NE Sulawesi (Musser, 1971 c). Sody (1941) questionably included marmosurus in Taeromys, but it is a member of the Rattus xanthurus group. Musser (1971 e) explained why tondanus is a synonym.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0CA5FAF4F6E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindoro Isl, Mt Dulangan, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0CA5FAF4F6E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of Mindoro (Philippines).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0CA5FAF4F6E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetically distant from other species of Rattus native to the Philippines (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Morphologically closely related to Rattus tiomanicus, which is native to Malay Peninsula and islands on the Sunda Shelf, and possibly only an insular variant of that species (Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985). Musser (1977 b) explained why picinus is a synonym.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0235FD9DF557.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, SW Sulawesi, Gunung Lampobatang, Wawokaraeng, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0235FD9DF557.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi; distribution is concordant with Paruromys ursinus (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6CFF21FF1D0235FD9DF557.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological and distributional limits outlined by Musser and Holden (1991), who also provided a history of past allocations of the name. Closest relative is R. hoffmanni, which occurs in lowlands of the SW peninsula and throughout the rest of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0E0A23FC7EFD1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka (Ceylon), West Haputale, Ohiya, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0E0A23FC7EFD1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, Horton Plains at 7000 ft, and Nuwara Eliya at 6000 ft in primary montane forests of Central and Uva Provinces of Sri Lanka (Phillips, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0E0A23FC7EFD1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A montane endemic on Sri Lanka and morphologically so unlike most other species of Rattus it may not belong in same genus, despite assertion of one author that it is nothing more than a large form of R. rattus (see Musser, 1986: 22). Like R. annandalei, R. hoogerwerfi, R. korinchi, R. macleari, R. nativitatis, and members of the R. xanthurus group, the Ceylon endemic seems isolated within present morphological boundaries of Rattus (Musser, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF080800FD56FB88.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Kumusi River (see Tate, 1951: 333, for comments).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF080800FD56FB88.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Papua New Guinea; Huon Peninsula and both sides of Owen Stanley Range on mainland. Also found in the d'Entrecasteaux Isl, the Louisiade Arch., and Woodlark Isl in the Trobriand Isis (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 225).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF080800FD56FB88.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Thomas as a species, mordax has been historically treated as a subspecies of either leucopus, ringens, or ruber until it was reinstated by Taylor et al. (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0F93F933FA97.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Moluccas, Pulau Morotai, off N coast of Pulau Halmahera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0F93F933FA97.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Morotai Isl but probably occurs on Halmahara and nearby islands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0F93F933FA97.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species probably related to native Rattus of New Guinea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0E7DFA39F7E4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Christmas Isl (Australia).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0E7DFA39F7E4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Christmas Isl, 320 km south of Java in the Indian Ocean; suspected to be extinct by 1908 (Andrews, 1909) and is now considered extinct (Flannery, 1990 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0A0E7DFA39F7E4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For Thomas (1888 b), the morphology of R. nativitatis distanced it from any other described species of Rattus. Ellerman (1941) first listed the species as the only member of the " nativitatis " group in subgenus Rattus, then placed it and R. macleari in same group within subgenus Stenomys of Rattus (Ellerman, 1949 a). Chasen (1940) thought R. nativitatis to be without close relatives in Malaysia, but Misonne (1969) placed it close to rajah in the subgenus Leopoldamys of Rattus, an allocation rejected by Musser (1981 b) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). Three hypotheses about phylogenetic position of R. nativitatis require testing: 1. It is more closely related to R. macleari, the other endemic on Christmas Island than to any other species of Rattus; 2. It is not related to R. macleari but to other species in the genus or is phylogenetically isolated; 3. It is not even a member of Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0B0336FD98F536.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0B0336FD98F536.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Records on mainland Southeast Asia are from S China (including Hainan Isl), Vietnam, Laos, N Thailand, Burma, India (Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim, and Kumaun), Bangladesh, and Nepal; these probably represent the indigenous range. Records east of the continental shelf are from Sulawesi, Luzon Isl in the Philippines, Seram Isl in the Moluccas, the Vogelkop Peninsula of Irian Jaya, and the Palau isls; this range likely represents introductions mediated by human agency (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6DFF20FF0B0336FD98F536.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) listed pyctoris as a synonym of R. nitidus, but that name was based on a specimen of R. turkestanicus. Phallic morphology described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Great Britain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Original distribution assumed to be SE Siberia and N China (Heilongjiang), but introduced worldwide where it is more common in colder climates of high latitudes (Kucheruk, 1990); in warmer regions and tropics restricted to habitats highly modified by humans — sewers, buildings, wharves, and breakwaters, for example (Johnson, 1962 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0A20FE6EF9C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic variation among presumably native Chinese populations reported by Wu (1982). Samples from native Asian, free-living introduced, and laboratory populations were the subjects of numerous morphological (e. g., Bugge, 1970; Greene, 1935), physiological, chromosomal and molecular (many are summarized in Yosida, 1980, and Levan et al., 1990) studies, which have produced among the mass of data a gene map of R. norvegicus (Levan et al., 1990), and results of attempted hybridizations between R. norvegicus and different forms of R. rattus (summarized by Yosida, 1980). Review of European populations provided by Becker (1978 b); overall review of systematics reported by Milyutin (1990). Phylogenetic relationships to other members of subgenus Rattus equivocal (e. g., contrast Chan et al., 1979, with Pasteur et al., 1982), but morphological and biochemical data indicate significant phylogenetic divergence between R. norvegicus and R. rattus (Baverstock et al., 1983 a, b, 1986; Chan, 1977). Phallic morphology of Chinese samples described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0D49FBC1F8B5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Kalolo Creek, 1070 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0D49FBC1F8B5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from Papua New Guinea " from Kassam westward to Karimui in the north, and southward to Koranga, at altitudes ranging from 740 to 1525 m " (Taylor et al., 1982: 259; see map on p. 258).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0C59F9D9F7F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Vietnam, Tuyen Due Prov., Langbian Peak, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0C59F9D9F7F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands (3000 - 6000 ft) of southern Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0C59F9D9F7F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically and probably phylogenetically related to R. losea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0318FB30F649.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Nicobar Isis, probably Carr Nicobar (Dr. K. Bauer, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0318FB30F649.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Nicobar Isis, probably Carr Nicobar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF27FF1A0318FB30F649.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the few specimens in the original series. A distinctive species (Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser and Newcomb, 1983) that may be related to the R. tiomanicus complex (Musser, 1986). Both synonyms are Fitzinger names dating from 1861 and are nomina nuda (see Miller, 1902: 759).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF26FF1902D2FC98FE9D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kepulauan Banggai, Pulau Peleng (1 ° 23 ' S, 123 ° 14 ' E), east of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF26FF1902D2FC98FE9D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Peleng Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6AFF26FF1902D2FC98FE9D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Sody as a subspecies of R. foramineus, but provisionally treated as an insular population of R. xanthurus by Musser (1984), and finally reviewed as a distinctive species by Musser and Holden (1991), who also placed it in the R. xanthurus group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0A81FC78FCBC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Guadalcanal Isl, Aola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0A81FC78FCBC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; on the mainland found from Vogelkop throughout both sides of Central Cordillera in Irian Jaya and lowlands of N New Guinea to about the Sepik-Ramu drainage. Also occurs on Admiralty and Solomon Isis and in the Bismarck Arch, on Umboi, New Britain, and New Ireland (Flannery and White, 1991; Taylor et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0A81FC78FCBC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In Tate's (1951) monograph, this species was listed as a subspecies of R. ruber; the holotype of ruber is an example of the introduced R. nitidus (Taylor et al., 1983, summarized the taxonomic history).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0861FA56FAA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Indian Peninsula, India, Kerala State, Trivandrum.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0861FA56FAA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Trichur, also in Kerala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF26FF0E0861FA56FAA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by the four specimens taken at the type locality and two others collected at Trichur. Most information about the species is meager and contained in the original description. Our study of two paratypes kindly loaned to us by Dr. S. Chakraborty revealed that R. ranjiniae is characterized by large claws relative to body size, very long and slender hind feet, large body size, long molar rows, small bullae, narrow incisive foramina, and a short bony palate that does not extend past the third molars. These traits combine in a morphology that is uniquely distinct compared with all other species now placed in Rattus. Phylogenetic relationships of ranjiniae are unknown; possibly this species should be removed from Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Uppsala County, Uppsala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Native to Indian Peninsula, and introduced worldwide in the tropics and temperate zone (Becker, 1978 a; de Roguin, 1991; Dieterlen, 1979; Duplantier et al., 19916; Johnson, 1962 a, b; Niethammer, 1975; Taylor and Horner, 1973; Taylor et al., 1982; Twigg, 1992; Yosida, 1980; Yosida et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF6BFF25FF0E0E75FAA7FE53.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Numerous cytogenetic studies focusing on the R. rattus complex, summarized by Baverstock et al. (1983 c), Bekasova and Mezhova (1983), Niethammer (1975), and Yosida (1980), have revealed the complex to consist of two basic groups of populations. The Oceanian or European type has 2 N = 38 (40 in some), the Asian type is characterized by 2 N = 42; the two are also distinguished by biochemical features (Baverstock et al., 1983 c) as well as morphological traits (Schwabe, 1979). Where the Asian type is indigenous, the Oceanian form is restricted to ports or on ships in harbor. Both chromosomal kinds apparently occur together without evidence of interbreeding on the Polynesian island of Fiji (Yosida et al., 1985), but do hybridize in the laboratory (usually producing sterile offspring) and on the South Pacific islands of Chichijima and Eniwetok (with apparent introgression). The biological status of the two kinds were best summarized by Baverstock et al. (1983 c: 978), who noted that if " the chromosomal, electrophoretic and laboratory hybridization data are considered together, it seems that the 2 n = 38 and 2 n = 42 forms are best considered as incipient species. Where they meet, they may introgress, become sympatric without interbreeding or one may replace the other depending upon the prevailing biological conditions, " a view earlier espoused by Capanna (1974). Rattus rattus is the name for the 2 N = 38 / 40 group, and we list it as a species separate from the 2 N = 42 form, for which the oldest name is R. tanezumi (see that account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070ABDFCA1FCDC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bismarck Arch., New Ireland, Balof, site 2.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070ABDFCA1FCDC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Apparently endemic to New Ireland.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070ABDFCA1FCDC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by subfossil fragments dated at 3000 before present and older, but may still occur in primary forest, which has not been adequately sampled. Flannery and White (1991) described sanila as a subspecies of R. mordax, but most of the dental measurements of sanila exceed and do not overlap those of even the largest known mordax, suggesting the former to be a separate species, which even Flannery and White acknowledged.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF07084EFE79FA7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim, Pashok, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF07084EFE79FA7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S China (incl. islands of Hong Kong and Hainan), Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand (incl. Koh Klum off SE Thailand in the Gulf of Siam), C and N Burma, NE India (Sikkim, Darjeeling, Bhutan), and possibly E Nepal. Not recorded on the mainland of peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra (10 ° 30 ' N), but occurs on four islands (Koh Tau, Koh Pangan, Koh Samui, and Koh Kra) off the coast well south of the Isthmus (see map in Musser and Heaney, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF07084EFE79FA7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of R. rattus (Hinton, 1919), then listed as a synonym of R. r. brunneusculus (Ellerman, 1961). South Vietnamese samples discussed under R. sladeni (Van Peenen et al., 1969), N Vietnamese series under R. koratensis (Dao, 1985), and Thai samples under R. koratensis and R. remotus (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070EA1FA50F881.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra, Pulau Simeulue (Simalur).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070EA1FA50F881.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Simalur Isl and nearby islands of Siumat, Lasia, and Babi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070EA1FA50F881.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The form simalurensis and its two synonyms were each listed as a separate subspecies of R. rattus by Chasen (1940), but simalurensis is distinct from R. rattus and in morphology represents slightly larger-bodied island variants of R. tiomanicus (Musser, 1986; Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985). Whether populations on Simalur islands are distinct species or insular representatives of R. tiomanicus occurring off the margin of the continental shelf will have to be determined by systematic revision of the R. tiomanicus complex.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070C8CFDDAF5D0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, open plains Darling Downs = locality of lectotype (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070C8CFDDAF5D0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; E coast from the tip of Cape York to NE New South Wales, and some off-shore islands (see Watts and Aslin, 1981: 239). New Guinea; lowlands south of Central Cordillera from Dobodura in E Papua New Guinea west and north to Koembe in Irian Jaya (see map in Taylor et al., 1983: 265).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF25FF070C8CFDDAF5D0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: One of the two species of native Rattus in the New Guinea-Australian region that occurs on both land masses. On morphological evidence, Taylor and Horner (1973) arranged villosissimus and colletti as subspecies of R. sordidus. Later evaluations, however, based on chromosomal, biochemical, and hybridization data, suggested the three should be viewed as separate species in the same monophyletic cluster (Baverstock et al., 1977 d, 1983 a, 1986), which is the way they are treated in current faunal accounts and catalogs (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF24FF070138FDADFDB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Weyland Range, Kunupi Mt.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF24FF070138FDADFDB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mid-montane elevations along Central Cordillera of Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, as well as highlands along the N coast and on Huon Peninsula (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 243).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF68FF24FF070138FDADFDB0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Until Taylor et al. ' s (1982) revision, the distinctness of steini was obscured by its historical allocation as a subspecies of either leucopus, mordax, ringens, ruber, or verecundus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF1095AFE75FC22.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Andaman Isls, Henry Lawrence Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF1095AFE75FC22.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: The islands of Henry Lawrence, Little Andaman, and South Andaman in the Andaman Arch. (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF1095AFE75FC22.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Despite past confusion with Sundamys muelleri, R. stoicus is defined by a unique set of derived and primitive features, and is endemic to the Andaman Isls. (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Its closest phylogenetic ally has yet to be determined (Musser, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF108EFF9CDF503.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, possibly from near Nagasaki on Kyushu Isl (see Jones and Johnson, 1965).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF108EFF9CDF503.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Apparently indigenous to SE Asia, from E Afghanistan through highlands of Nepal and N India into S and C China (incl. Hainan Isl), Korea, and mainland Indochina (incl. offshore islands) south to Isthmus of Kra; also probably native to Mergui Arch., Andaman Isls, and some of the Nicobar Isls; also in SW peninsular India. Whether native or introduced to Taiwan and Japan is unknown (but see Yosida and Harada, 1985). Most likely introduced to the Malay Peninsula and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Medway and Yong, 1976) and nearby archipelagos just off of the Shelf, including the Mentawais (Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Certainly introduced to the Cocos-Keeling Isls (Musser and Califia, 1982), the Philippines (Musser, 1977 «), Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991), and numerous islands east through the Moluccas and Nusa Tenggara (Musser, 1970 «, 1972, 1981 c) to W New Guinea (Sody, 1941), and farther east through Micronesia to islands of Eniwetok and Fiji (Johnson, 1962 «, b), but not to the Samoas where R. rattus occurs (Yosida et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF69FF24FEF108EFF9CDF503.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The authority is usually cited as 1845, but was published in 1844; see Holthuis and Sakai (1970). The name tanezumi is the oldest for the 2 N = 42 group of Asian houserats that is distinguished from the 2 N = 38 / 40 R. rattus not only by chromosomal characters but also by morphological and biochemical traits (see account of R. rattus). The indigenous range is generally north and east of peninsular India, but in Mysore State of SW India, the two chromosomal types (wroughtoni, 2 N = 42, and rufescens, 2 N = 38) occur together (Lakhotia et al., 1973; Niethammer, 1975). Nature of the specific relationship between R. rattus and R. tanezumi on the Indian subcontinent where indigenous ranges are either parapatric or overlap still requires resolution. Phallic morphology of Chinese flavipectus described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0A25FA7BFDE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Sulu Arch., Tawitawi Isl, Batu Batu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0A25FA7BFDE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tawitawi Island in southern part of Sulu Arch.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0A25FA7BFDE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by three specimens. Phylogenetic affinities unclear; in some traits resembles Sulawesian R. hoffmanni more closely than any other described species of Rattus from the Indo-Australian region (Musser and Heaney, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0932FE40FC8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, Timor, Gunung Mutis, 1900 m, 7 km E Desa Nenas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0932FE40FC8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2D0932FE40FC8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by the holotype. Some of the large series of subfossil fragments collected in E Timor by Glover (1986) may be this species. Phylogenetic affinities unknown, and possibly not even a member of Rattus (Kitchener et al., 1991 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2E089FFD1AF824.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Pahang, Tioman Isl, off the east coast Malay Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2E089FFD1AF824.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to the Sunda Shelf and some offshore islands. Records on the Shelf are from peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra (10 ° 30 ' N), the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Palawan, and many smaller islands. Off the Sunda Shelf, R. tiomanicus is documented from Enggano Isl, southwest of Sumatra, and Maratua Arch., east of Borneo (Musser and Calafia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2E089FFD1AF824.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser and Califia (1982), who also summarized and provided references documenting the incorrect historical association of tiomanicus and the other synonyms listed here as subspecies of R. rattus. They also pointed out that a careful study of interisland variation among named forms of the R. tiomanicus complex is necessary before relationships among the insular populations can be discerned; more than one species, for example, may be represented in what is now viewed as R. tiomanicus. Rattus mindorensis from Mindoro Island in the Philippines, R. simalurensis from the islands of Babi, Lasia, Siumat, and Simalule, off the northwest coast of Sumatra; and R. burrus from some of the Nicobar islands are also morphologically very similar to the R. tiomanicus complex and should be considered part of it (Musser, 1986; Musser and Heaney, 1985). Whether they are species or island forms of R. tiomanicus has yet to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2F0CF6FDA4F696.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Mary River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2F0CF6FDA4F696.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; NE and SW Western Australia, Northern Territory, E Queensland, and NE New South Wales. Also recorded from offshore islands. Extant range vastly reduced from former distribution (see map in Taylor and Horner, 1973: 89, and discussion in Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1BFF2F0CF6FDA4F696.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species hybridized in the laboratory with R. colletti (Baverstock et al., 1983 a, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1AFF2E0279F8ACFCC6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Oshskaya Obi., Lenniskii p-h, Arslanbob (= " Assam-bob "; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1AFF2E0279F8ACFCC6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Records are from Kirghizia, NE Iran, N and E Afghanistan, N Pakistan, N India (Kashmir, Sikkim), Nepal, and S China (Yunnan and Guangdong) (see Musser and Newcomb, 1985: 15).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF56FF1AFF2E0279F8ACFCC6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Despite continued use of rattoides for this complex (Caldarini et al., 1989; Corbet, 1978 c), it is a synonym of R. rattus (Schütter and Thonglongya, 1971). Three distinctive morphological, chromosomal, and geographic forms are included under turkestanicus (Caldarini et al., 1989; Niethammer and Martens, 1975) and were first recognized by Hinton (1922) who treated all three as species (R. turkestanicus, R. vicerex, and R. rattoides) but also suggested that each may instead be a welldifferentiated subspecies. Rattus turkestanicus and R. vicerex were reported to occur sympatrically in Kashmir (Chakraborty, 1983), but those identifications have to be verified. A careful systematic treatment is needed to determine whether the three groups represent species or geographic variants. Oldest name for the complex is pyctoris (Hodgson, 1845; incorrectly listed as a synonym of R. nitidus by Ellerman, 1961) and would either replace turkestanicus if all samples represent a single species, or would identify Nepal and Sikkim populations.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF4084BFBE3FA4D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, " from probably the vicinity of Goonhaghooheeny Billabong, Cooper Creek " (see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF4084BFBE3FA4D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; broad inland range from NW Western Australia through Northern Territory into most of Queensland and N South Australia and N New South Wales (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 245).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF4084BFBE3FA4D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic range is allopatric to the coastal R. sordidus in Queensland and R. colletti in Northern Territory (see map in Taylor and Horner, 1973: 72). The three species are closely related; villosissimus was treated as a subspecies of R. sordidus by Taylor and Horner (1973), but is considered genically closer to colletti by Baverstock et al. (1983 a, 1986). See accounts of sordidus and colletti. Analyses of electrophoretic data by Gemmeke and Niethammer (1984) indicated R. villosissimus to be greatly separated from R. argentiventer, R. exulans, R. norvegicus, and R. tiomanicus, and closer to species of Bandicota and Maxomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF40ED0FC82F850.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Tondano, 3600 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF40ED0FC82F850.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi; northern arm, central core, and SE peninsula. Absent from the SW peninsula where it is replaced by R. foramineus in coastal lowlands and R. bontanus on Gunung Lampobatang. Occurs sympatrically with R. marmosurus on the NE Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFEF40ED0FC82F850.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the group which includes R. bontanus, R. foramineus, R. marmosurus, and R. pelurus. Sody (1941) included xanthurus in Taeromys. Although the R. xanthurus group may eventually be removed from Rattus (Musser and Holden, 1991), it does not belong in Taeromys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF1AFF2E0CC9FC60F7D3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus pumilio Sparrman, 1784.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF19FEF4033EFC99FCBE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Africa, S Cape Prov., east of Knysna, Tsitsikamma Forest, Slangrivier.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF19FEF4033EFC99FCBE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C Angola, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, E Zimbabwe, WC Mozambique, Malawi (Nyika Plateau and Mulanje massif), NE Zambia (Nyika plateau), and highlands in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and SE Zaire.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF57FF19FEF4033EFC99FCBE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: When Wroughton (1905 b) reviewed pumilio, he distinguished four groups, each with different forms, and although unsure about the taxonomic status to give the forms, thought each group represented a separate species. Distribution of character variation, however, forced him to conclude that (p. 630) " in view of the absolute identity of pattern, the variability of coloration, and the difficulty of deciding the inter-relationship of the different forms, the simpler and safer way is to call them all subspecies of the original species pumilio. " Wroughton's view prevails today. Checklists (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman et al., 1953), faunal studies (e. g., Ansell, 1978; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Roberts, 1951; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Smithers, 1971), a study of possible influences of climate on length of tail (Coetzee, 1970), and preliminary studies on geographic variation (see Meester et al., 1986: 275) have yet to critically analyze patterns of chromatic and morphological variation in context of assessing whether only one or several species exist. Hill and Carter (1941: 101) recognized two species in Angola; R. pumilio from central and southern regions, and R. bechuanae form the arid southwestern portion north of Namibia. They noted the lack of intergradation between the two kinds and we have not found any evidence that such intergradation exists. The significance of this observation can only be assessed by careful sysematic review of Rhabdomys. Morphology of digestive system in relation to diet and evolution described by Perrin and Curtis (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0F31FC13FAF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Camarines Sur Prov., SE Peninsula of Luzon Isl, Mt Isarog, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0F31FC13FAF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mt. Isarog, Luzon, in montane forest formations at 1125 m and above (Rickart et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2D0E18FCCDFA32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, N Luzon Isl, Mountain Prov., Mt Data, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2D0E18FCCDFA32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Mount Data but probably occurs elsewhere in montane forest formations in N Luzon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF46087DFA26FBED.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rhynchomys soricoides Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF46087DFA26FBED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Philippine Old Endemics, phylogenetic relationships with other genera of shrew rats are ambiguous (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0C78FC7CF751.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Bougainville Isl, about 10 mi inland from Buin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0C78FC7CF751.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Solomon Isis; endemic to islands of Buka, Bougainville, and Choiseul (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Flannery, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0C78FC7CF751.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C0C78FC7CF751.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by a few extant specimens and archaeological fragments (Flannery et al., 1988; Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C03BDFD5AF5DE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Florida Isl in the Nggela Group (see Flannery and Wickler, 1990: 13).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C03BDFD5AF5DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Florida Isl in the Solomon Arch. (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF2C03BDFD5AF5DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a Mus, the species was transferred to Uromys (Riimmler, 1938; Tate, 1951), but then correctly placed in Solomys by Troughton (1936). Known by a few extant specimens. S. salamonis is also recorded from Nggela Island (Flannery and Wickler, 1990), but Flannery (in litt.) claimed the species is known only from the skull of the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF450EE9FDF9F895.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Uromys sapientis Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF19FF450EE9FDF9F895.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea region Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). Included in Melomys by Ellerman (1941: 226), then transferred to Uromys by Tate (1951: 312), but finally recognized again as a distinct genus (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Laurie and Hill, 1954: 128). Presumably related to Uromys and Melomys, but no adequate diagnosis and definition of the genus and assessment of its phylogenetic relationships is yet available.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF18FF2D0140FD0FFE8C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Bougainville Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF18FF2D0140FD0FFE8C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to islands of Buka, Bougainville, and Choliseul in Solomon Arch.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF54FF18FF2D0140FD0FFE8C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by extant specimens and archaeological fragments (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30A9FFBDAFDCF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Santa Ysabel Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30A9FFBDAFDCF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Ysabel Isl (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30A9FFBDAFDCF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented by extant specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30950F8C7FD09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Buka Isl, Kilu rockshelter.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30950F8C7FD09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Buka Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FED30950F8C7FD09.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by subfossil archaeological material (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC0F8DFB78FA71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara, Palau Flores, Manggarai Prov., Liang Toge, a cave near Warukia, 1 km south of Lepa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC0F8DFB78FA71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Flores Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC0F8DFB78FA71.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Represented only by subfossil fragments (3000 - 4000 years old), but may still live on Flores, and possibly other nearby islands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF06082EFDCDFB82.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Spelaeomys florensis Hooijer, 1957.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF06082EFDCDFB82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1981 c), who also recorded past opinions about phylogenetic affinities of Spelaeomys, noted that it is not closely related to Hooijeromys, Komodomys, Papagomys, or Paulamys — the other Nusa Tenggara endemics — and hypothesized that " Spelaeomys belongs with the old native genera of New Guinea, possibly Australia, and likely Timor. " Additional data is required to test this notion.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF060EB6FA09F9A7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus ohiensis Phillips, 1929.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF060EB6FA09F9A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A montane insular relict with possible phylogenetic ties to Chiromyscus, Maxomys, and Niviventer, but not to Rattus (Musser, 1981 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED0D6AFB20F849.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Ohiya, W Haputale, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED0D6AFB20F849.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Primary lowland evergreen tropical and montane rainforest formations on mountains in Uva and Central Provinces of Sri Lanka between 3000 and 7000 ft (Phillips, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED0D6AFB20F849.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Musser (1981 b) described the history of past and incorrect allocations of ohiensis to groups that were eventually recognized as the genera Apomys, Lenothrix, Leopoldamys, Maxomys, Niviventer, and Rattus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC03CBFBBCF637.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Ethiopia, Chilalo Mtns, Inyala Camp.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC03CBFBBCF637.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; endemic to the E plateau between 3000 and 4050 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEEC03CBFBBCF637.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Inhabits the Afro-alpine moorland where it occurs with Arvicanthis blicki, Lophuromys melanonyx, and Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, which are also moorland specialists (Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF060CE0F984F746.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FF060CE0F984F746.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: An Ethiopian endemic that is phylogenetically closely related to the Ethiopian endemics Myomys albipes and M. ruppi (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983; see those accounts), and through them to the other species of Myomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED02DDF90DF520.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Bale Mtns, Dinsho.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED02DDF90DF520.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; S and N highlands, 2400 - 3900 m (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Yalden, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF55FF18FEED02DDF90DF520.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Another Ethiopian mountain endemic that overlaps altitudinally with S. albocaudata but occupies bushy areas rather than moorland (Yalden, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF18094EFA2CFCE6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Moluccas, Pulau Seram, Gunung Manusela, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF18094EFA2CFCE6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to montane forests of Seram Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF18094EFA2CFCE6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Apparently morphologically related to the S. niobe complex of New Guinea. Originally described as a species of Nesorotnys (Rümmler, 1938).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190828FCCDFB0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Angabunga River, Owgarra, 2750 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190828FCCDFB0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, nearly all montane regions, including the Huon Peninsula (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 191).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190828FCCDFB0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Taylor et al. (1982), who recognized two distinct subspecies, arrogans and niobe. Flannery (19906: 241), however, noted that unpublished results from biochemical studies indicated that two species are present in what Taylor et al. (1982) defined as a single species, one at high altitudes, the other at lower altitudes. Chromosomal morphology presented by Dennis and Menzies (1978). Phallic anatomy discussed by Lidicker (1968).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190E16FC5EF9C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: New Guinea, Irian Jaya, near Lake Habbema, 3225 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190E16FC5EF9C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Irian Jaya; high mountain slopes in W portion of Central Cordillera (see map and discussion in Taylor et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190E16FC5EF9C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Inhabits grassland and tundra-like cold and wet habitats at or above limits of montane forest (Taylor et al., 1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF4C0A30FDF7FDDD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus verecundus Thomas, 1904.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF4C0A30FDF7FDDD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Flannery (1990 b) provided photographs of animals along with distributional and biological summaries of New Guinea species. Rümmler (1938) united Nesoromys with Stenomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190D4CF93AF7E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Maneau Range, N slope Mt Dayman, Middle Camp, 1540 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190D4CF93AF7E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF190D4CF93AF7E6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taylor and Calaby described vandeuseni as a subspecies of verecundus (Taylor et al., 1982), but its distinctive morphology and habitat indicate otherwise, as the describers even suggested, and as Flannery (19906: 245) speculated. Stenomys verecundus occurs on Mt Dayman in rain forest at 700 m and is replaced at 1540 m in montane oak forest by S. vandeuseni, a relationship that is similar to the distributions of Leptomys elegans (rain forest) and L. ernstmayri (oak forest) on Mt Dayman.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF1A0329FDE6F652.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Aroa River, Avera, 200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF1A0329FDE6F652.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Vogelkop and Weyland Range of Irian Jaya, Central Cordillera east of 141 ° to easternmost Papua New Guinea; 150 to 2750 m (see map in Taylor et al., 1982: 204).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1FFF1A0329FDE6F652.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Taylor et al. (1982), who recognized three distinct subspecies — mollis, unicolor, and verecundus. Chromosomal morphology discussed by Dennis and Menzies (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1EFF3302D7F912FDD5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dasymys longicaudatus Tullberg, 1893.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF52FF1EFF3302D7F912FDD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a genus by Allen (1939), but allocated to Rattus as a subgenus by Ellerman (1941). D. H. S. Davis (1965) placed Stochomys in Aethomys as a subgenus, which reflected Thomas's (1915) early allocation of longicaudatus to subgenus Aethomys. Misonne (1969) and Rosevear (1969), however, reinstated the generic position of Stochomys, correctly noting that it was distinctive and not closely related to Rattus. It has been phylogenetically associated with Dephomys (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Misonne, 1969), but is unrelated to that genus, as reflected by morphometric analyses (Van der Straeten, 1984), and analyses of qualitative traits. Features of pelage, skull, and dentition characterizing Stochomys are most similar to those found in species of Aethomys, and suggest the two to be members of the same monophyletic clade in which Stochomys is the high forest partner of Savanna Aethomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEE90938FD36FC41.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEE90938FD36FC41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tropical evergreen forest; recorded from Togo, S Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Zaire, and Uganda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEE90938FD36FC41.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rosevear (1969) described the historical allocations of longicaudatus to Aethomys, Dasymys, Epimys, Mus, Rattus, and Stochomys. Morphometric analyses, which resulted in distinguishing two distinct subspecies, reported by Van der Straeten (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0F72FDAEFA60.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Kinabalu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0F72FDAEFA60.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gunung Kinabalu and Gunung Trus Madi in Sabah; W mountain chain of Sumatra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0F72FDAEFA60.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A montane species related to S. muelleri, which occurs at middle elevations and lowlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0EA8FDC2F93C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java, Bandung, Cibuni.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0EA8FDC2F93C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from W Java between 900 and 1350 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0EA8FDC2F93C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species and member of the suite of endemic Javanese murines (Musser, 1986). Still only represented by specimens collected between 1932 and 1935 by Max Bartels Jr. Phylogenetic relationship may be closer to S. muelleri than to S. infraluteus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0DEEF97EF6C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Sumatra, Batang Singgalang, Padang Highlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0DEEF97EF6C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sunda Shelf only: SW peninsular Burma, peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan, and many smaller islands on the Shelf; records from islands off of Sunda Shelf (Nicobars, for example) proved to represent other species (see maps in Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFEEA0DEEF97EF6C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological, chromosomal, and spermatozoal data suggested S. muelleri is a distant relative of Rattus but in the same monophyletic clade (Breed and Yong, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Populations from SW Burma, Peninsular Thailand, and the Malay Peninsula are significantly larger in body size than those from elsewhere on the Sunda Shelf and may be different species (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFF1C08E6F929FBA8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus mülleri Jentink, 1879.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFF1C08E6F929FBA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Endemic to the Sunda Shelf. Revised by Musser and Newcomb (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFF1C025AF909F523.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Gymnomys) celebensis Gray, 1867.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF53FF1EFF1C025AF909F523.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A Sulawesi endemic. Formerly included in Rattus by Ellerman (1949 a), and in subgenus Bullimus of genus Rattus by Misonne (1969), but considered a distinct genus by Musser (1984, 1987) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). Partially reviewed and contrasted with Sundaic Sundamys by Musser and Newcomb (1983). Marked interspecific contrasts in spermatozoal morphology evident among species and reflected differences in cranial and dental traits (Breed and Musser, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160A33FD67FDDC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, SE Sulawesi, Pegunnungan Mekongga, Tanke Salokko, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160A33FD67FDDC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160A33FD67FDDC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest relative is the population (as yet unnamed and undescribed) in C Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991). Sody (1941) proposed Arcuomys, a nomen nudum, for this species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF15094EF9B2FCCC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Kakas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF15094EF9B2FCCC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: recorded from a few places on the NE peninsula, in the central core, and on the SE peninsula (Musser, 1970 d; Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF15094EF9B2FCCC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (197 CW). Most closely related to T. arcuatus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF16085EFA42FBBD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Peninsula, Manado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF16085EFA42FBBD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: recorded from throughout island (Musser and Holden, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF16085EFA42FBBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recorded from SW peninsula only by subfossil fragment (Musser, 1984), but from elsewhere by extant specimens. Morphologically distant from other species in the genus (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160F61FC08FAC6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Lehio, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160F61FC08FAC6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: known only from a few montane localities in the central core of the island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160F61FC08FAC6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest relative is T. taerae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160E49F983F9E8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Pinedapa, 100 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160E49F983F9E8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: known only from the central part and the SW peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF160E49F983F9E8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A lowland species represented by two modern specimens from the type locality and a few subfossil fragments from the SW peninsula (Musser, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF170D32FC52F8DF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, NE Sulawesi, Lembean, near Tondano.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF170D32FC52F8DF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi: recorded only from highlands of the NE peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF170D32FC52F8DF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Musser (1971 d).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF170345FDCEF715.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, S Mindanao Isl, Davao City Prov., Mt Apo, 6750 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF170345FDCEF715.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known from several mountains on Mindanao above 5200 ft (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF1703F8FDDEF639.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, S Mindanao, South Cotabato Prov., Mt Matutum, Tupi, Balisong, 2700 - 3700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF1703F8FDDEF639.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of type locality, but probably occurs elsewhere on Mindanao.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF4A0C5DFA2BF7D9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tarsomys apoensis Mearns, 1905.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1DFF4A0C5DFA2BF7D9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Musser and Heaney (1992) who recorded the history of the incorrect inclusion of Tarsomys in Rattus, and placed the genus in the group of Philippine New Endemics, although its closest relative has yet to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1CFF4902FFFBE6FE72.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tateomys rhinogradoides Musser, 1969.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF50FF1CFF4902FFFBE6FE72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally, and incorrectly, linked to the " Rattus chrysocomus group " by Musser (1969 b), but morphological, spermatozoal, and ecological characteristics clearly united Tateomys and the other Sulawesian shrew rat Melasmothrix in the same monophyletic group to the exclusion of either Rattus, Bunomys, or any other Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1982 c). Listed as part of the Sulawesi Old Endemics by Musser (1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE50A9CFDA6FD95.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Nokilalaki, 7500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE50A9CFDA6FD95.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only between 6500 and 7500 ft in the upper montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs in other mountainous regions of at least C Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE50986F9E5FCD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Gunung Latimodjong, 2200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE50986F9E5FCD0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known from the type locality, Gunung Tokala, and Gunung Nokilalaki at high elevations in upper montane rain forest in central core of Sulawesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE60C52F8BDF6EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Kenya, Lake Naivasha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE60C52F8BDF6EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by specimens from E Kenya, and N and E Tanzania; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFEE60C52F8BDF6EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a species of Thamnomys (Heller, 1909), then listed as a subspecies of Thallomys nigricauda (Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941), and finally allocated to T. damarensis (here included in nigricauda) as a subspecies (Petter, 1973 a). T. loringi is morphologically and probably phylogenetically allied to T. nigricauda, but no critical documentation of its conspecificity with that species has ever been presented. Because T. loringi can be diagnosed by pelage and other distinctions, we list it as a species, a hypothesis that can be tested by careful systematic revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF13FEE60232F884FE2C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Great Namaqualand, Hountop (= Hudup or Hutop) River, west of Gibeon (Meester et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF13FEE60232F884FE2C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Namibia, N Cape Prov. of South Africa, Botswana, and SE Zamibia; north and eastern limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF13FEE60232F884FE2C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: T. nigricauda and T. paedulcus are now recognized as occurring in the Southern African Subregion by Skinner and Smithers (1990), who also summarized some of the chromosomal, morphological, and ecological distinctions between the two species. They also suggested that herero and leuconoe may represent samples of T. paedulcus, but the holotypes are examples of T. nigricauda. Morphological and geographic definitions of T. nigricauda are unsatisfactory. Appreciable geographic variation in body size, length of molar row, pelage coloration, and tail pilosity exists among samples and its significance will have to be assessed by critical systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFF1F0854F8A8F8C8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus nigricauda Thomas, 1882.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF51FF1CFF1F0854F8A8F8C8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: After being proposed as a genus by Thomas (1920), Thallomys was used in checklists (e. g., Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941) until Ellerman et al. (1953) united it with subgenus Aethomys of Rattus. Thallomys was reinstated by Lundholm (1955 c), who also suggested it was closely related to Thamnomys. Misonne (1969) pointed out that Thallomys has nothing to do with Rattus, and is most closely related to Tertiary european Parapodemus, an evaluation based on molar occlusal patterns. Although clearly unrelated to Rattus, Thallomy's phylogenetic position within the diversity of African murines is still unresolved. Early checklists and faunal accounts recognized several species (Ellerman, 1941; Roberts, 1951), but for last 20 - 30 years, Thallomys has been either treated as monotypic (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974), or as containing at least two species (Petter, 1973 a; Skinner and Smithers, 1990). That considerable and significant morphological diversity exists in the genus has been acknowedged. D. H. S. Davis (1965), for example, recognized five groups of subspecies. Petter (1973 a) clearly demonstrated that at least two species could be diagnosed. Regional faunal reports of southern African mammals discussed presence of two distinct kinds (Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Smithers and Wilson, 1979). Meester et al. (1986) announced the need for revision of Thallomys, and that both morphological and chromosomal data suggested the presence of two species (see Gordon, 1987). We list four species. Our review is based on original descriptions of taxa, Roberts' (1951) useful monograph and other regional faunal reports, large collections of specimens, and holotypes. Gastric anatomy reported by Perrin (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180AFEFCBFFA4B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, " In Caffraria interiore, prope tropicum, " according to Ellerman et al. (1953). D. H. S. Davis (1965: 127) reported that " type locality was in the Magaliesberg area and has been provisionally fixed as Crocodile Drift, Brits, Transvaal. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180AFEFCBFFA4B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From S Africa (N Natal, Transvaal, Zululand), Swaziland, and S Botswana north through Zimbabwe, S Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya to S Ethiopia and S Somalia; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180AFEFCBFFA4B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In body size, the smallest of all the species. Identification of paedulcus as a separate species compared with the larger T. damarensis, and association of scotti with it, was correctly perceived and documented by Petter (1973 a). Thomas and Wroughton's (1908) ruddi, which was described as a species of Thamnomys, is a Thallomys (Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953) and another example of T. paedulcus. Identification of the holotype of paedulcus, along with critical measurements, was recorded by Ellerman et al. (1953), and verified by Petter (1973 a). The names acaciae, lebomboensis, and stevensoni were listed by Roberts (1951) as subspecies of T. moggi; rhodesiae was described by Osgood (1910) as a subspecies of Mus damarensis (which is here synonymized in T. nigricauda); and zambeziana was proposed by Lundholm (1955 b) as a subspecies of T. nigricauda. Roche (1964) described somaliensis as a subspecies of T. paedulcus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180ED6FE7EF835.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Africa, NW Cape Prov., Louisvale, S bank of Orange River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180ED6FE7EF835.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; known only from south bank of Orange River from about Upington west to Goodhouse, Little Namaqualand, in NW Cape Prov.; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF180ED6FE7EF835.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomas and Hinton's (1923) acute description pointed to a distinctive species distinguished by a diagnostic combination of chromatic and cranial (especially the small bullae) traits. Ellerman (1941) treated shortridgei as a species, its distinction has been recognized by others (Roberts, 1951; Van Rooyen in De Graff, 1978), and despite recent checklists where it is listed as a subspecies of either T. paedulcus (Meester et al., 1986) or T. nigricauda (Skinner and Smithers, 1990), the name identifies a valid species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF320CF2FABFF5CA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Thamnomys venustus Thomas, 1907.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF13FF320CF2FABFF5CA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Despite assertions that species of Thamnomys and Grammomys are in the same monophyletic group but separable at the subgeneric level (Allen, 1939; Hatt, 1940 a; Hollister, 1919; Misonne, 1974; Petter and Tranier, 1975; and others — see references in Meester et al., 1986), Thamnomys is a distinct genus, as explained by Ellerman (1941), Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), Misonne (1969), Rosevear (1969), and other workers (see references in Meester et al., 1986). Those systematists, however, also included rutilans in Thamnomys, but we place it in Grammomys pending systematic revision of rutilons. Oenomys is the closest phylogenetic relative, a view presented more than fifty years ago by Hatt (1940 a: 522): " Oenomys and Thamnomys bear much resemblance to each other, and I am inclined to believe that they represent respectively semiarboreal and arboreal descendants of a common stock. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF12FF180155FA60FE29.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Zaire, Buhamba, near Lake Kivu, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF12FF180155FA60FE29.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire, W Uganda, and NW Burundi; a montane Western Rift Valley endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5EFF12FF180155FA60FE29.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species as listed by Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1941), not a subspecies of T. venustus. Both species are sympatric at Kibati in E Zaire (documented by specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE00AF4F8A4FD32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori East, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE00AF4F8A4FD32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire, Uganda, and Rwanda: a montane Western Rift Valley endemic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE00AF4F8A4FD32.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allen and Loveridge (1942) described kivuensis as a subspecies of T. venustus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1A09E8FE65FB46.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rattus jerdoni osimensis Abe, 1934.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1A09E8FE65FB46.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In addition to two species listed below, a third, yet to be named and described, occurs on Tokun-oshima Isl in the Ryukyu group (Tsuchiya, 1981; Tsuchiya et al., 1989). Best estimate of phylogenetic relationships, based on dental morphology, placed Tokudaia in a group containing Apodemus, Pliocene Rhagapodemus, and Quaternary Rhagamys; and suggested that Tokudaia evolved from Miocene Parapodemus-Apodemus ancestral stock; its evolutionary link to primitive species of Apodemus may be found in Miocene or Pliocene sediments of China (see Kawamura, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10FD6FA42F9EA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Ryukyu Isls, N Okinawa Isl, Hentona (western coast).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10FD6FA42F9EA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known by modern specimens from Okinawa, and Late Pleistocene and Holocene samples from Okinawa and adjacent island of Le-jima (Kawamura, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10FD6FA42F9EA.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10FD6FA42F9EA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as a subspecies of T. osimensis (Johnson, 1946), chromosomal evidence, as well as external and cranial morphology, clearly distinguished muenninki as a separate species (Tsuchiya, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10D34FDF7F8DB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Ryukyu Isls, Amami-oshima Isl, village of Sumiyo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10D34FDF7F8DB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by modern samples from Amami-oshima Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE10D34FDF7F8DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Impressive chromosomal distinctions between osimensis, muenninki, and a third unnamed species from Tokun-oshima Isl reported by Tsuchiya (1981), and Tsuchiya et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE103BBFB3AF6AC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl, Benguet, Haights-in-the-Oaks.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FEE103BBFB3AF6AC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Luzon; known only from very few localities in highlands and lowlands (Barbehenn et al., 1972 - 1973; Sanborn, 1952 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1B0C5FF900F757.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tryphomys adustus Miller, 1910.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1B0C5FF900F757.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Musser and Heaney (1992) revised the genus and documented the history of incorrect association of Tryphomys with Rattus. Treated as a Philippine New Endemic by Musser and Heaney (1992). Tryphomys and Abditomys, another Luzon endemic, form a monophyletic cluster; the nature of their phylogenetic alliances to other genera of Philippine New Endemics, or to genera native to other regions in the Indo-Australian region, remains unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1A028BFAAEF529.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Uranomys ruddi Dollman, 1909.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5FFF12FF1A028BFAAEF529.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allen (1939) listed seven species of Uranomys but noted that six of them would probably prove to be subspecies of U. ruddi, which is how the genus is currently treated (Verheyen, 1964 b). In external, cranial, and dental traits, Uranomys is closely related to Acomys (Hinton, 1921; Misonne, 1969), a phylogenetic alliance also supported by DNA (LINE) sequence analyses (Pascale et al., 1990), and Lophuromys (our studies; Watts, in litt.; Denys and Michaux, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0A2AF9E5FCEC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mt Elgon, Kirui, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0A2AF9E5FCEC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo, N Nigeria, N Camaroon, NE Zaire, Uganda, Kenya, C Mozambique, Malawi, and SE Zimbabwe; limits unknown; a savanna species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0A2AF9E5FCEC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data was presented by Viegas-Pequignot et al. (1983) in context of chromosomal phylogeny of selected murines; protein electrophoretic data analysed by Iskandar and Bonhomme (1984). More than one species may be represented among samples. Specimens of shortridgei, for example, are darker than the others and have much larger molars. The significance of geographic variation in fur color and craniodental traits has to be assessed in a systematic revision of the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1B0F5BFAF7FA8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Central Prov., Brown River, Efogi, " not less than " 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1B0F5BFAF7FA8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; throughout the Central Cordillera from Weyland Range in the west to Mt Dayman in the east as well as the Huon Peninsula (see map in Flannery, 19906: 219).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1B0F5BFAF7FA8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Uromys. Closely related to U. neobritanicus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0E90FD02F65F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Cape York.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0E90FD02F65F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; NE coastal Queensland in tropical forests from Townsville area north to tip of Cape York, and a few islands off the coast of N Queensland (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 91). New Guinea; widespread throughout lowland and midmontane regions on the mainland, also on Aru Isis, Kei Isis, Waigeo Isl, and Normanby and Fergusson in the d'Entrecasteaux Arch.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF1A0E90FD02F65F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Uromys. The Australian population has been studied from viewpoints of chromosomal morphology (Baverstock et al., 1977 c), heterochromatin variation (Baverstock et al., 19766, 1982), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), Gbanding homologies (Baverstock et al., 19836), morphology of male reproductive tract (Breed, 1986), and spermatozoa! morphology (Breed, 1984; Breed and Sarafis, 1978). Donnellan (1987) provided chromosomal data for samples from New Guinea. Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 189) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references covering Australian populations. Two different chromosomal forms of Australian U. caudimaculatus exist, one extending from Mcllwraith Ranges northward, the other from Cooktown southward; each is separated by a 200 km break in rainforest (Baverstock et al., 19766, 1977 c). Phallic morphology of New Guinea samples reported by Lidicker (1968). Significance of the morphological variation among samples from New Guinea and adjacent islands needs to be assessed in context of systematic revision to determine how many species actually exist, a study that has now been completed (Groves and Flannery, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF4D084BFC62FBB6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus macropus Gray, 1866 (= Hapalotis caudimaculatus Krefft, 1867).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF11FF4D084BFC62FBB6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea and Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c). The genus has been revised by Groves and Flannery (in litt.), who arrange the species in two subgenera, Uromys and Cyromys).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF10FF1A02C5F91EFD34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, NE Queensland, Thornton Peak summit area, 1200 m (see Winter, 1984, for additional data).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF10FF1A02C5F91EFD34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only by five specimens (Groves and Flannery, in litt.) from rainforest on Mareeba Franite of the Thornton Peak massif (Winter, 1983, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5CFF10FF1A02C5F91EFD34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Uromys. Originally described as a species of Melomys, Groves and Flannery (in litt.) have shown that hadrourus belongs in Uromys and is closely related to U. caudimaculatus. U. hadrourus is a member of a group of species that are endemic to " the Townsville to Cooktown region, and considered to be relicts of a wet- and cool-adapted fauna which may have orinigated in Australia from a common pre-Pleisocene stock of Australia and New Guinea " (Winter, 1984: 525). Chromosomal morphology reported by Baverstock et al. (1977 c). McAllan and Bruce (1989) explained why 1983 is the publication date for hadrourus instead of 1984 as is usually accepted, and pointed out that the species was first given the name Melanomys hadrourus. That generic name is preoccupied by Melanomys Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE009D9F8C9FC24.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Guadalcanal Isl, Aola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE009D9F8C9FC24.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Guadalcanal Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE009D9F8C9FC24.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cyromys. Historically, this species has been assigned to either Uromys or Cyromys, but is now regarded as a member of the former (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, in litt.). Known only by a few specimens (Flannery, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE108E8F893FAE3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Britain Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE108E8F893FAE3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to New Britain Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE108E8F893FAE3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Uromys. Included in U. anak by Ziegler (1982 b: 882) without explanation, but neobritanicus is diagnosed by distinctive external and cranial traits that are outside the range of morphological variation characteristic of U. anak (Groves and Flannery, in litt.). Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10E2EF9A9F9B9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Guadalcanal Isl, Aola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10E2EF9A9F9B9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Guadalcanal Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10E2EF9A9F9B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cyromys. Although originally described as a species of Uromys, it was transferred to Melomys (Ellerman, 1941; Rümmler, 1938), placed back in Uromys (Tate, 1951), again put in Melomys (Laurie and Hill, 1954), and has currently been returned to Uromys (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, in litt.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10D64FC4CF877.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Solomon Isis, Guadalcanal Isl, Aola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10D64FC4CF877.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Found only on Guadalcanal Isl.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE10D64FC4CF877.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Cyromys. Another Guadalcanal species that has historically been placed in either Uromys or Cyromys, but is currently allocated to the former (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, in litt.). Still represented by less than a dozen specimens (Flannery, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FF140CB4F9F2F7A4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus oleraceus Bennett, 1832.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FF140CB4F9F2F7A4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allied to Chiropodomys and Micromys, a hypothesis based on dental morphology (Misonne, 1969) and one that requires testing with other character sets.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE20368FAAEF663.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka, Uva, Ohiya, West Haputale, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE20368FAAEF663.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands (above 3800 ft) of Central and Uva provinces of Sri Lanka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF10FEE20368FAAEF663.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually considered a subspecies of V. oleracea (Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1980; Ellerman, 1961), nolthenii is distinct in its montane distribution, pelage coloration, and external and cranial traits from V. oleracea occuring at lower elevations, and should be treated as a separate species (Musser, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF17FEE302A1FAA4FE23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Madras, Deccan region.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF17FEE302A1FAA4FE23.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India, Sri Lanka (lowlands), Nepal to Burma, S China (Yunnan), Thailand (except peninsula south of Isthmus of Kra, 10 ° 30 ' N), and Vietnam; probably occurs throughout Indochina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5DFF17FEE302A1FAA4FE23.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal features vary geographically (see Winking et al, 1979, and references therein), as do chromatic and cranial traits; oleracea is possibly a composite of species, and despite Agrawal and Chakraborty's (1980) review of geographic variation, needs careful systematic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF380AFBF981FD07.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Chiropodomys fulvus G. M. Allen, 1927.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF380AFBF981FD07.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dental morphology interpreted by Misonne (1969) to indicate close relationship with Chiropodomys; hypothesis requires testing with other characters. About the same time Anthony proposed Vernaya, Sody (1941) proposed Octopodomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF07080BFAB8FB5F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Yinpankai, Mekong River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF07080BFAB8FB5F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S China (Sichuan and Yunnan) and N Burma; known only from above 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF07080BFAB8FB5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described by Allen as a species of Chiropodomys, but later reidentified by him as the only example of Vandeleuria dumeticola known from Yunnan (Allen, 1940). Anthony (1941) correctly pointed out the morphological uniqueness of fulva by erecting a new genus to contain it. Still known only by very few specimens. Wang et al. (1980) described foramena as a species of Vernaya, but diagnostic traits simply represent individual variation found in V. fulva.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF010E6DF94FF94B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Papua New Guinea, " British New Guinea. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF010E6DF94FF94B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea; Represented by only a few specimens collected along the Central Cordillera from Mt Dayman in E Papua New Guinea to the Idenberg River in Irian Jaya (Flannery, 1990 b; Flannery et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF010E6DF94FF94B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF010E6DF94FF94B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest phylogenetic relatives appear to be species of Uromys (Tate, 1951).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF340FDFFA46FAA0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus barbatus Milne-Edwards, 1900.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF340FDFFA46FAA0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF020CC8FD51F5E0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Queensland, Mackay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF020CC8FD51F5E0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; C and S Queensland, North Stradbroke Island off the coast of SE Queensland (Van Dyck et al., 1979), Northern Territory, and Melville Island off the coast of Northern Territory; probably has a wider range (Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF020CC8FD51F5E0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF020CC8FD51F5E0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely associated with tidal mangrove swamps and still known only by small samples, most of which have been collected since 1970 (Dwyer et al., 1979; Van Dyck et al., 1979; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Morphology of sperm head structure and male reproductive tract studied by Breed (1984, 1986) in context of comparative study among Australian murines. Chromosomal complement similar to that of Hydromys chrysogaster (Baverstock et al., 1977 c), as is primitive pattern of cephalic arterial configuration. Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 190) cataloged references to taxonomy and natural history.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF350DD9F9D8F846.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Xeromys myoides Thomas, 1889.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF17FF350DD9F9D8F846.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 166) or Hydromyini of Baverstock (1984), and Lee et al. (1981). Xeromys is phylogenetically distantly related to Hydromys, although the two are still sister genera (Watts et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF16FF350147FB85FE56.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus hildegardeae Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5AFF16FF350147FB85FE56.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Similar to Lophuromys in molar occlusal patterns (Misonne, 1969) and other features, but strength of phylogenetic link to either that genus or other murines requires assessment by further study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE10ABBFAD4FD78.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya (Kenya Colony), Machakos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE10ABBFAD4FD78.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Zambia, Malawi (Nyika Plateau), Tanzania, Kenya, W Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire, S Sudan, and Central African Republic.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE209A5FA82FC69.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Botswana, Molopo River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE209A5FA82FC69.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Africa (N Cape Province), SW and N Botswana, and Namibia (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE209A5FA82FC69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Past allocations have been with Aethomys, Rattus, and Thallomys; see D. H. S. Davis (1965) and references in Meester et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE30DA3FA94F7E8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, probably Northern Territory (see Mahoney and Richardson (1988: 191).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE30DA3FA94F7E8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; always in rocky outcrops in Pilbara region of Western Australia through Kimberleys to N coastal Queensland between Cooktown and Townsville; also on offshore islands (see Watts and Aslin, 1981: 138).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEE30DA3FA94F7E8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic comparisons between populations discordant with chromosomal differences (Baverstock et al., 1977 d).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEFC0333FA3FF6F7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Djawamba Massif, 1.5 km east of Ja Ja Billabong, 150 m; habitat described by Kitchener (1989: 357).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEFC0333FA3FF6F7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Northern Territory in region of East and South Alligator Rivers on outliers of stony Arnhem Land escarpment (Kitchener, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEFD021AFD84F61B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Echo Gorge, Wollogorang Station, 180 m; habitat described by Kitchener (1989: 361).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FEFD021AFD84F61B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; recorded only from Echo Gorge (in Gulf Country near Queensland border).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FF1408CEFA42F97E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus argurus Thomas, 1889.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF16FF1408CEFA42F97E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981 c: 167) or Conilurini of Baverstock (1984) and Lee et al. (1981). Taxonomy of species appraised by Kitchener (1989). Chromosomal morphology distinct from other Australian murines (Baverstock et al., 1977 c), but this result was not supported by electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), and G-banding homologies suggested karyotype of Zyzomys " to be derived from the ancestral karyotype characterizing Conilurus, Mesembriomys, and Leggadina ” (Baverstock et al., 1983 b). Molar traits resembled those characterizing Conilurus (Misonne, 1969), but phallic characters linked Zyzomys to Pseudomys and its close relatives (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987). Data from microcomplement fixation of albumin indicated Zyzomys belongs in a clade with Mesembriomys, Conilurus, Leporillus, and Melomys (Watts et al., 1992). External morphology of glans penis and spermatozoal structure reported by Breed, 1984), Breed and Sarafis, 1978; and Morrissey and Breed (1982). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references to some of the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF15FEFD0106FDEDFE1B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Northern Territory, Alice Springs, but this locality is suspect (Kitchener, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF15FEFD0106FDEDFE1B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Australia; Northern Territory (see map and discussion in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 143).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF15FEFD0106FDEDFE1B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF5BFF15FEFD0106FDEDFE1B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rare (now even believed extinct, Flannery, in litt.) and restricted to rocks. Distribution of fossils indicated species " may once have extended across the rocky ranges of central Western Australia, through the Hamersleys to the coast " (Watts and Aslin, 1981: 143).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF4B0824FAE7FBB8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosis, morphological and chromosomal characteristics, and general remarks on habits, habitat, distribution, geologic range, fossil groups, and phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily and with other muroid groups were provided by Carleton and Musser (1984). Results of phylogenetic analysis of living and some extinct species were reported by Lawrence (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF130EB4FB7DF88E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Transbaikalia, Dauuria (" Doldogo, on Onon River, below Atchinsk, " Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 652).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF130EB4FB7DF88E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Russia (Upper Amur basin) and China (Nei Mongol).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF130EB4FB7DF88E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed, with a question mark, as a subspecies of M. myospalax by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and unequivically as M. m. aspalax by Corbet (1978 c), but separated on morphological grounds by Lawrence (1991) and others cited in her report. Closest phylogenetic relative is the Lower Pleistocene M. pseudarmandi, and both are in same monophyletic species-group containing the modern M. epsilanus, M. myospalax, and Pliocene M. youngi (Lawrence, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2D0C93FC45F74B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Heilongjiang Prov. (Manchuria), Khingan Mtns, 3400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2D0C93FC45F74B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE China (valleys of Great Khiaghau in Kirin Province) and Russia (E Transbaikalia between Amur and S Ussuri Territory); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2D0C93FC45F74B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The most primitive member of the monophyletic myospalax species-group, which includes species represented by modern specimens as well as Pliocene and Pleistocene fossils (Lawrence, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2C03D4FB0AF5B5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kansu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2C03D4FB0AF5B5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dry grasslands from Gansu, Ningxia (Qin, 1991) through Hupeh and Anhui to Sichuan (China).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF2C03D4FB0AF5B5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetically in same monophyletic group as M. smithii and M. rothschildi, which is the most derived group within the subfamily (Lawrence, 1991). Fan and Shi (1982) recognized cansus and baileyi as species, but Li and Chen (1989) argued for their recognition as subspecies of M. fontanierii.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF470F7EFD10FA6A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus myospalax Laxmann, 1773.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF470F7EFD10FA6A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetic relationships reviewed by Lawrence (1991), who provided references to systematic and genetic studies of living forms in the former USSR. Chinese taxa have been reviewed, with different results, by Fan and Shi (1982) and Li and Chen (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF110907FA7DFD0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Australia, Western Australia, E Kimberly, Parrys Creek, near Windham, 100 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF110907FA7DFD0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Australia; Kimberleys of Western Australia and Arnhem Land (western escarpments) of Northern Territory (see map in Watts and Aslin, 1981: 141).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF58FF15FF110907FA7DFD0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Restricted to rocky regions, especially boulders at the base of cliffs; limited in distribution but common at some localities (Watts and Aslin, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF30A1CFD22FD49.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Altai Krai, 100 km SE of Barnaul, Sommaren, near Paniusheva on Alei River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF30A1CFD22FD49.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Russia and Kazakhstan (entire N region of Cisaltai plain and foothills as well as the W and C Altai).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF30A1CFD22FD49.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of monophyletic myospalax species-group, which includes living M. epsilanus, M. aspalax, and the Pliocene and Pleistocene M. youngi and M. pseudarmandi (Lawrence, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF309D7FB85FBEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Chihli, south of Peking.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF309D7FB85FBEE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transbaikalia and Ussuri region of Russia to E Mongolia, NE and C China; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FEF309D7FB85FBEE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The sole member of the psilurus species-group, which is defined, except for rootless hypsodonty, by retention of the greatest number of primitive traits of any species in the genus (Lawrence, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0F31FC94FA72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Gansu, 40 mi SE Tao-chou.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0F31FC94FA72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China; Kansu and Hubei.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0F31FC94FA72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The sister-species of M. smithii, and in same monophyletic cluster as M. fontainieri, as determined by cladistic analysis of external, cranial, and dental traits (Lawrence, 1991). Recently, hubeinensis was described as subspecies of M. rothschildi by Li and Chen (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0E9CFBDEF962.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Gansu, 30 mi SE Tao-chou.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0E9CFBDEF962.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China, Gansu and Ningxia (Qin, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF0C0E9CFBDEF962.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetically closely allied to M. rothschildi, and in same monophyletic group with M. fontanierii, a cluster defined by a suite of highly derived morphological features (Lawrence, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF14FF240DC7F912F6C5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phylogenetic allocation of Mystromys so puzzled Ellerman (1941: 445) that he wrote " I am entirely at a loss to suggest the relationships of this genus, which seems not only isolated from the Palaearctic and Neotropical genera, but to have no marked generic characters ... " Based on study of external, skeletal, dentition, gastrointestinal, genital and other anatomical characteristics of Mystromys albicaudatus, Vorontsov (1966) concluded the species was not closely related to Palaearctic hamsters and placed Mystromys in the monotypic tribe Mystromyini. Carleton and Musser (1984: 313) remarked that Mystromys is possibly a survivor of an ancient phyletic line, pointing out that Lavocat (1973, 1978) " raised such a novel possibility for Mystromys by noting its probable derivation from afrocricetodontine rodents and by recognizing the subfamily Mystromyinae in the Nesomyidae, a family composed of archaic African cricetids that he derived from the afrocricetodontines, the African counterpart to European and Asian cricetodontines. " Pocock (1987) and Skinner and Smithers (1990) retained Mystromys in the Cricetinae of family Cricetidae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF0BFF260265FE22FE99.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mystromys albipes Wagner, 1841 (= Otomys albicaudatus A. Smith, 1834).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF59FF0BFF260265FE22FE99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Gross morphology of male accessory glands described by Voss and Linzey (1981) in context of survey assessing systematic implications of these structures among muroid rodents. Gross and histological stomach anatomy, as well as developmental and physiological aspects of gastric structure and processes, reported by Perrin and Curtis (1980), Maddock and Perrin (1981, 1983), and Perrin and Maddock (1983), and presented in comparative context to discern evolutionary relationships among Southern African muroid rodents, and in context of function and diet.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1B0C86F9F5F73D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, between " Tamatave and Morondava. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1B0C86F9F5F73D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Madagascar rain forest at middle elevations.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1B0C86F9F5F73D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The indeterminate nature of Günther's (1875) type locality might be restricted with archival research since the species occurs only in the east. Carleton and Schmidt (1990) suggested that villosa, named as a subspecies by F. Petter (1962 a) based on a zoo specimen, is a distinct species; its geographic occurrence is unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF4D0DC5FB3BF89B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Brachytarsomys albicauda Günther, 1875.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF4D0DC5FB3BF89B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The incipient prismatic condition of the dentition persuaded Ellerman (1941) to classify Brachytarsomys as a primitive microtine.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1A02B3FB30F570.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, " S. E. Betsileo. ”	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1A02B3FB30F570.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: Central plateau and its eastern fringes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF1A02B3FB30F570.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Nesomys but referred to Brachyuromys by Major (1896); occurs sympatrically with B. ramirohitra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF4D03FCFBFFF66D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Brachyuromys ramirohitra Major, 1896.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF4D03FCFBFFF66D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) allied Brachyuromys as a tribe within Tachoryctinae, an affinity earlier considered plausible by Major (1897).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF140A84F885FD0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Africa, E Cape Province, Albany Dist.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF140A84F885FD0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to southern Africa: Cape Prov., W and N Natal, Orange Free State, and SW and S Transvaal (South Africa), and Swaziland; see map in Skinner and Smithers (1990: 297).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF140A84F885FD0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest phylogenetic relatives are Mystromys hausleitneri, M. pocockei, and Proodontomys cookei, all extinct and represented by fossils from Pliocene-Pleistocene australopithecine sites in the Transvaal of South Africa (Denys, 1991; Pocock, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF46FF0BFF330820FCEDF967.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Group exceedingly diverse morphologically, defying an unambiguous diagnosis and questioning their monophyletic origin (see discussion in Carleton and Musser, 1984). Proponents of a single ancestral origin have usually arranged nesomyines as a subfamily of Cricetidae (e. g., Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945) or as a subfamily within a broadly defined family Nesomyidae, which includes other archaic groups like cricetomyines, tachyoryctines, and Mystromys (Chaline et al., 1977; Lavocat, 1978). Ellerman (1941, 1949 a) argued that nesomyines are polyphyletic and dispersed the seven genera among four subfamilies of Muridae sensu lato, as reflected in the family-group synonyms all named by Ellerman (1941). Lavocat (1978) viewed Protarsomys, lower Miocene of Kenya, as close to the ancestry of Malagasy Nesomyinae, and Chaline et al. (1977) placed the Miocene fossil in synonymy under extant Macrotarsomys. Carleton and Schmidt (1990) disputed this relationship and generic equivalence; nesomyines otherwise known only from the Holocene of Madagascar. Ellerman (1949 a) provided the most valuable synopsis of nesomyine taxa and set forth the basic species-level classification currently recognized; taxonomy updated by Petter (1972 c, 1975 a). Locality data, geographic ranges, and type localities of named forms summarized by Carleton and Schmidt (1990). Revisionary and ecological studies required for all genera.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF60A1AF8B4FE65.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., 6 hours SE Fandriana, Ampitambe forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF60A1AF8B4FE65.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: southern part of central highlands; extent poorly documented.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF609FBFB85FC38.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., Ambolimitambo forest, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF609FBFB85FC38.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: known from three widely isolated localities in N, C, and S highlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF609FBFB85FC38.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to E. penicillatus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF280AC5FDFBFD10.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Eliurus myoxinus Milne-Edwards, 1885.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF280AC5FDFBFD10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genus arrayed as a monotypic tribe within Murinae by Ellerman (1941). Interpreted by Ellerman (1949 a) as consisting only of a large polytypic species (E. myoxinus) and a small monotypic one (E. minor). Revised by Carleton (1993), who recognized 6 species and summarized their morphological identification and distributions.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF608E5FB61FB74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., Ampitambe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF608E5FB61FB74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: broadly distributed in E forest, from near sea level to 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF608E5FB61FB74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Co-occurs with most other species of Eliurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70F99FA27FA9E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Toliara Prov., Tsilambana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70F99FA27FA9E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dry deciduous forest and xerophilous habitats in SW and S Madagascar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70F99FA27FA9E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Eliurus myoxinus sensu stricto is actually endemic to western biotopes but its range approaches that of eastern species in the extreme south.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70E83FA9AF9A0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., Ampitambe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70E83FA9AF9A0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70E83FA9AF9A0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tentatively retained as a species by Carleton (1993) but its level of differentiation from E. majori requires further study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70D6CFD3BF8CA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., 30 mi S Fianarantsoa, near Vinanitelo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70D6CFD3BF8CA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: middle to upper elevation E rain forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70D6CFD3BF8CA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution overlaps that of its morphologically similar congener E. webbi at lower elevations.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70C55FD5CF7D1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., 20 mi S Farafangana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70C55FD5CF7D1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar: elongate belt of low to middle elevation E rain forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF70C55FD5CF7D1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Substantial variation exhibited by populations allocated to this species deserves additional scrutiny.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF2A0349FC93F6EF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gymnuromys roberti Major, 1896.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF2A0349FC93F6EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941) created the new subfamily Gymnuromyinae in recognition of the distinctive features of this species, which he believed to be derived from a Nesomys-like ancestor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF10233FA5FF5F1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., Ampitambe forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF10233FA5FF5F1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Madagascar rain forest, 500 to 950 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFEF10233FA5FF5F1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Some have voiced concern that populations of G. roberti are being supplanted by introduced Rattus (summary in Carleton and Schmidt, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF240128FDFAF520.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hypogeomys antimena A. Grandidier, 1869.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF47FF0AFF240128FDFAF520.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Retained by Ellerman (1941) within Cricetinae as a genus of obscure relationships.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF040A1AFE7BFDE6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Toliara Prov., between the banks of the Tsiribihina and Andranomena rivers.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF040A1AFE7BFDE6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Narrow coastal zone of sandy soils in WC Madagascar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF040A1AFE7BFDE6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ecology and conservation status of extant populations discussed by Cook et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF060854FD0EFB80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Fianarantsoa Prov., east of Ihosy River, near Ravori; see Carleton and Schmidt (1990: 14).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF060854FD0EFB80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dryer regions of W and S Madagascar, including deciduous forest and open savannah.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070F8BFBE0FAC2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Mahajanga Prov., Ankarafantsika Reserve, near Ampijoroa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070F8BFBE0FAC2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070F8BFBE0FAC2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Occurs sympatrically with M. bastardi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF3F0947FAD0FCC9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Macrotarsomys bastardi Milne Edwards and G. Grandidier, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF3F0947FAD0FCC9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Retained within Cricetinae by Ellerman (1941). Lavocat (1978) and Chaline et al. (1977) aligned Macrotarsomys with the Miocene Kenyan fossil Protarsomys, a relationship questioned by Carleton and Schmidt (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF380E5BFA69F9DE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Nesomys rufus Peters, 1870.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF380E5BFA69F9DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Major (1897) synonymized Jentink's (1879) Hallomys (type species = H. audeberti) under Nesomys and allocated the genus to the Cricetinae.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070D43F9C9F862.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Antsiranana Prov., Vohima.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070D43F9C9F862.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Broadly distributed in N and E forest (audeberti and rufus), and one locality in WC Madagascar (lambertoni).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF09FF070D43F9C9F862.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman (1941, 1949 a) listed audeberti and lambertoni as species as described, but Petter (1972 c, 1975 a) arranged them as subspecies of N. rufus. Carleton and Schmidt (1990) indicated that each will stand as a species upon revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF44FF08FF3A0CB9F914FE93.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically, a strongly circumscribed group of species indigenous to Subsaharan Africa; early on ranked as a subfamily of Muridae sensu stricto (Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945), later as a subfamily of Cricetidae (Misonne, 1974) or Nesomyidae (Chaline et al., 1977; Lavocat, 1978). Paleontological evidence and anatomical considerations have reopened the question of their phyletic origin from African murines, especially arvicanthine forms (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Pocock, 1976), although the phylogenetic significance of the annectant fossil genus (Euryotomys Pocock, 1976), as a murid or cricetid, has been recently disputed (see Denys et al., 1987). Number of genera recognized has varied from five (Roberts, 1951) to three (Thomas, 1918 b; Pocock, 1976) to one (Bohmann, 1952), usually just the two listed here (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman et al., 1953; Misonne, 1974; De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Smithers, 1983). The diverse generic arrangements principally reflect the emphasis on dentition versus bullar development as a diagnostic key. Integration of a more heterogeneous information base, such as the allozymic survey initiated by Taylor et al. (1989), would better illuminate phylogenetic relationships and perhaps stabilize our generic classification. Morphological features described by Bernard et al. (1990), Bohmann (1952), Perrin and Curtis (1980), and Tullberg (1899). Few multispecies surveys of chromosomes and proteins undertaken to date; available information covered by Robinson and Elder (1987) and Taylor et al. (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040869FBAEFB48.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Angola, Huila, Caconda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040869FBAEFB48.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated segments in C Angola, SW Tanzania, N Malawi, and W Kenya.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040869FBAEFB48.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Anchotomys, employed as a subgenus of Otomys by Thomas (1918 b). Believed to be closely related to O. irroratus (Bohmann, 1952), if not conspecific with it (Petter, 1982). Dieterlen and Van der Straeten (1992) treated barbouri and lacustris as separate species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040FD5FE55F93B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malawi, Misuku Range, Matipa Forest, 7000 ft (as refined by Ansell and Dowsett, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040FD5FE55F93B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE savannah and grasslands, from S Kenya to NE Cape Province, South Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040FD5FE55F93B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Confused under O. irroratus by Bohmann (1952); morphological and karyotypic differences support their separate specific status (Davis, 1962; Matthey, 1964; Misonne, 1974). The form maximus (see account below) is viewed by some as a subspecies of O. angoniensis. See Bronner and Meester (1988, Mammalian Species, 306).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040DD8FBB8F78C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, east slope of Mount Ruwenzori, Mubuku Valley, 6000 ft (as restricted by Moreau et al., 1946: 420).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040DD8FBB8F78C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermittently found in EC Africa, from Mt. Ruwenzori, Uganda, through the Virunga volcanoes, to the Nyika Plateau of N Malawi and Zambia and to the Usambara and Uluguru mountains, EC Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF040DD8FBB8F78C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The form kempi has been treated as a distinct species (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Thomas, 1918 b); reduced to subspecific rank by Bohmann (1952) and so observed currently (Delany, 1975; Misonne, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF3D0A8BFAB2FCAB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Euryotis irrorata Brants, 1827.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF08FF3D0A8BFAB2FCAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Bohmann (1952) included all otomyine species in Otomys, but most classifications have accorded the large-bullar forms seperate generic status as Parotomys (see below). Other synonyms have been infrequently treated as genera, namely Myotomys, including unisulcatus and sloggetti (see Thomas, 1918 b; Pocock, 1976), and Lamotomys, including laminatus (see Roberts, 1951). Oldest known fossil Otomys species date from late Pliocene (2 - 3 mya) in South Africa and from early Pleistocene (1 - 2 mya) in East Africa (see Denys, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF0FFF05039EFCA0FDEB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Cape Town district, near Constantia (as fixed by A. Smith, 1834: 149).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF0FFF05039EFCA0FDEB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mesic savannah and grasslands of southern Africa: S Cape Province to C Transvaal, South Africa; disjunct populations in W South Africa and in E Zimbabwe and contiguous Mozambique.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF45FF0FFF05039EFCA0FDEB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Bohmann (1952) established a broad, highly polymorphic definition of O. irroratus, then including among his 23 subspecies angoniensis and maximus (see those accounts). Presumably excepting angoniensis and maximus, Dieterlen (1968) and Petter (1982) further enlarged Bohmann's concept of irroratus to subsume the following forms here (and elsewhere) treated as separate species (see individual accounts): anchietae, laminatus, tropicalis, and typus. Although followed to a greater or lesser extent (e. g., Delany, 1975; Kingdon, 1974), such an inclusive species construct is disputed by others who restrict O. irroratus proper to southern Africa (e. g., Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). G-banded comparisons reveal a karyotype that is highly derived (Robinson and Elder, 1987). Cytogenetic variation extensive among South African population samples (Contrafatto et al., 1992 a). See Bronner et al. (1988, Mammalian Species, 308).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060936FDE7FC3E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Zululand, Nkandhla, Sibudeni, 1050 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060936FDE7FC3E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Discontinuous in South Africa, from SE Transvaal, parts of Natal and Transkei, to SW Cape Province; also Swaziland.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060936FDE7FC3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species with a highly derived molar pattern, believed to intergrade with O. irroratus by Petter (1982) but retained as a species in recent faunal studies (De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Smithers, 1983). Designated as the type of Lamotomys, a taxon employed as a subgenus of Otomys by Thomas (1918 b) and as a genus by Roberts (1951).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF0008E0FA9BFA76.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zambia, Machile River, a northern tributary of the Zambesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF0008E0FA9BFA76.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, SW Zambia, Okavango region of Botswana, and Caprivi Strip of Namibia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF0008E0FA9BFA76.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a subspecies of irroratus and later elevated by Roberts (1951) to specific level. Viewed as a subspecies of O. angoniensis by Davis (1974), and so ranked in many faunal treatises (e. g., Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974), or continued as a distinct species (Smithers, 1983; Swanepoel et al., 1980), which leaves the matter of their synonymy as inconclusive to date.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060E9BFDE8F998.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Nigeria, Gotel Mtns, Chappal Waddi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060E9BFDE8F998.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from the type locality and Mt. Oku in W Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF060E9BFDE8F998.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closely related to populations in mountains of E Africa (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000D83FC4AF85B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Grahamstown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000D83FC4AF85B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated populations in SW Cape Province and in E Cape to S Orange Free State and Lesotho.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000D83FC4AF85B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Named as a subspecies of tugelensis (= O. angoniensis) by Roberts and later (1951) raised by him to full species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000CC7FBC4F6FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Deelfontein, north of Richmond.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000CC7FBC4F6FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Cape Province, Lesotho, and NW Natal, South Africa (Lynch and Watson, 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0FFF000CC7FBC4F6FF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species with many primitive dental traits, viewed as closely related to O. unisulcatus (Bohmann, 1952; Roberts, 1951; Thomas, 1918 b). Karyotypic and genetic data supplied by Contrafatto et al. (1992 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0EFF070223FA65FE99.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, west slope of Mt. Kenya, 3000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0EFF070223FA65FE99.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Irregular highland distribution in W Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and bordering Zaire; outlying populations on Mount Cameroon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF42FF0EFF070223FA65FE99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as conspecific with O. irroratus by Bohmann (1952) and accordingly recognized in regional treatments (Delany, 1975; Kingdon, 1974); however, others have maintained the southern African form irroratus as specifically distinct from eastern African tropicalis (De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). Even so, the taxa herein assembled under tropicalis (after Misonne, 1974) remain a composite of two or more species, whose definition and range will require careful revisionary work, involving simultaneous attention to possible relationships with species-group taxa now lumped under O. typus (see next account).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF080A87FAA7FBEB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Abyssinia (= Ethiopia), Shoa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF080A87FAA7FBEB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Disjunct occurrence at high elevations in E Africa, from Ethiopian highlands south through Uganda and W Kenya, to the Nyika Plateau of N Malawi and adjacent Zambia and to the Uzungwe Mnts of C Tanzania.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF080A87FAA7FBEB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dieterlen (1968) and Petter (1982) viewed typus as another variant of a highly polymorphic O. irroratus, a conclusion which seems at odds with their morphological discrimination as presented elsewhere (e. g., Ansell, 1978; Bohmann, 1952; Kingdon, 1974; Misonne, 1974). The list of synonyms observes the classifications of Bohmann (1952) and Misonne (1974). Their conspecific stature is highly suspect and invites rigorous specimen-based corroboration that also addresses possible relationships to certain forms masquerading under tropicalis. The occurrence of greater species endemism thoughout the isolated East African highlands and volcanoes deserves more serious consideration than it has received to date.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF090F35F989F9A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, SW Karroo, Matjiesfontein, SW of Laingsburg (as designated by Roberts, 1946: 318).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF090F35F989F9A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Cape Province, through the Great and Little Karroo, to E Cape Province, South Africa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF090F35F989F9A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species having a relictual distribution and exhibiting many traits interpreted as plesiomorphic for the subfamily (e. g., Bohmann, 1952). Genetic distance data reported by Taylor et al. (1989) suggest the inclusion of unisulcatus with species of Parotomys, an intriguing possibility that deserves substantiation with a broader taxonomic sampling. Allozymic variation unappreciable over species range and questions validity of subspecific divisions (see Van Dyk et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0A0CE4FAB0F626.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Little Namaqualand, " toward the mouth of the Orange River. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0A0CE4FAB0F626.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and NW Cape Province, South Africa, to SW Botswana and SE Namibia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0A0CE4FAB0F626.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although Port Nolloth, as restricted by Thomas and Schwann (1904: 178), is usually cited as the type locality of P. brantsii (e. g., Ellerman et al., 1953; Meester et al., 1986), a careful reading of Thomas and Schwann suggests that they had actually associated one of Smith's cotypes with a series collected at Klipfontein, a place some 50 miles inland from Port Nolloth. The notion that the type locality was " restricted " to Port Nolloth apparently stems from an inadvertent indication in Roberts (1951). A future revisor of the species should clarify this matter.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0402EAFBADF510.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Bushmanland, Kenhardt, Tuin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0402EAFBADF510.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and NW Cape Province, South Africa, to S and W Namibia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF0402EAFBADF510.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Liotomys, named as a subgenus of Parotomys by Thomas (1918 b) and viewed as a genus by Roberts (1951).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF3C0D7BFD08F839.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Euryotis brantsii A. Smith, 1834.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF43FF0EFF3C0D7BFD08F839.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Bohmann (1952) allocated Parotomys as another synonym of an all-inclusive genus Otomys. Maintained as a separate genus by Ellerman (1941) and in most later systematic accounts (Ellerman et al., 1953; Misonne, 1974; De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986). Roberts (1951) also elevated Liotomys to generic rank. See comments under subfamily.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0908B0FCE8FB2B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Uganda, Kigezi, near Kanaba, Echuya (or Muchuya) Swamp, 7500 ft (see Hayman, 1962).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0908B0FCE8FB2B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Uganda, Zaire (Kivu), and Rwanda (Volcanos and Nyungwe forest).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0908B0FCE8FB2B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Available information on morphology, geographic distribution, and ecology can be found in Hayman (1962, 1963 a), Verheyen (1965 b), Dieterlen (1969 b), and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF230849FBA6FC6C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Delanymys brooksi Hayman, 1962.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF220A2CF981FCD1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Of the two genera in this subfamily, Delanymys and Petromyscus, Lavocat (1964) wrote that their molar cusp patterns showed structural links between Mystromys and the dendromurines, a view shared by Verheyen (1965 b). Petter (1967 b), however, interpreted the derived molar traits shared by Delanymys and Petromyscus to indicate close phylogenetic alliance and he united them in the subfamily Petromyscinae, also pointing out that they had no close relationship to dendromurines. Carleton and Musser (1984) provided a diagnosis, characterization, and other remarks on contents and definition of the Petromyscinae. They also noted that aside from the shared molar peculiarities, the two genera are very different from one another and may not be part of the same monophyletic group. The subfamily is represented in the Plio-Pleistocene by the South African Stenodontomys darti (Pocock, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0A0D10FAD2F844.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, NW Cape Province, Little Namaqualand, Witwater, Kamiesberg, 3500 - 3800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0A0D10FAD2F844.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Springbok and Kamiesberg regions and Loeriesfontein area in Little Namaqualand, NW Cape Province, South Africa (see map in Skinner and Smithers, 1990: 315); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0A0D10FAD2F844.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although listed as a subspecies of P. collinus by Meester et al. (1986), P. barbouri is separated from P. collinus not only by the diagnostic short and bicolored tail noted by Shortridge and Carter (1938), but by its smaller skull, relatively shorter rostrum, much shorter molar rows, and lack of postaxillary teats.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0B0CC9FC94F54C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Damaraland, Karibib, northwest of Windhoek, 3142 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0B0CC9FC94F54C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Kaokoveld region in N Namibia south through Namibia to extreme NW Cape Prov. of South Africa south of the Orange River in Goodhouse and Pella areas; also recorded from C and W Cape Prov. and SW Angola by Skinner and Smithers (1990: 314).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF0B0CC9FC94F54C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Roberts (1951) listed capensis, known only from Goodhouse, as a species, and Meester et al. (1986) treated it as a synonym of barbouri. In describing it as a subspecies of P. collinus, however, Shortridge and Carter (1938) reflected its true affinities because its morphology is unlike P. barbouri, which Shortridge and Carter described in the same paper and knew well. Roberts (1951) also treated bruchus (type locality is Great Brukkaros Mtn in S Namibia) as a separate species, allocating the northern shortridgei to it as a subspecies. The latter is clearly a species separate from P. collinus (see comments under shortridgei), but the status of bruchus will have to be illuminated in a revision of Petromyscus; the few specimens we studied from Great Brukkaros Mtn were examples of P. collinus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF3D0E03F996FA0D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Praomys collinus Thomas and Hinton, 1925.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF40FF0DFF3D0E03F996FA0D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Most faunal lists, either without question or with reservations, recognized only two species (Ellerman et al., 1953; Meester et al., 1986), but our study of museum specimens and original descriptions of taxa revealed the presence of four distinctive species, a conclusion also recorded by Skinner and Smithers (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090A1BF93FFDCC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Namibia, Great Namaqualand, Great Brukkaros Mtn, near Berseba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090A1BF93FFDCC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Namibia: vicinity of type locality and south of there between Aus region in the west and South African border near Rietfontein area in the east. South Africa: in extreme N Cape Prov. on south bank of the Orange River at Augrabies Falls (USNM 452333).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090A1BF93FFDCC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic limits of this distinctive species have yet to be determined.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090951FD3AFB80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Extreme S Angola, Rua Cana Falls, 3350 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090951FD3AFB80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and S Angola and N Namibia (S to Erongo Mtns and Okahandja region); limits unknown; see map in Skinner and Smithers (1990: 316).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF090951FD3AFB80.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Roberts (1951) treated shortridgei as a subspecies of P. bruchus, and Meester et al. (1986) listed it as a subspecies of P. collinus. However, Thomas correctly expressed the distinctness of the animal by describing it as a species, which was also Schlitter's evaluation (in Meester et al., 1986), and that of Skinner and Smithers (1990). The larger size of shortridgei, darker fur with a less silky texture, and lack of postaxillary teats clearly separate it from P. collinus, a judgement based upon specimens in the American Museum of Natural History and the Field Museum of Natural History. Our estimate of its geographic range, which overlaps that of P. collinus, is also derived from those series.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF230FA4F991F983.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosis, general characteristics, and natural history provided by Carleton and Musser (1984), who also referenced changes in allocation of subfamily from Myoxidae to Muridae, and explained why platacanthomyines are not dormice. Closest relatives of Platacanthomys and Typhlomys are two species of Neocometes from European Miocene (Carleton and Musser, 1984), and a third species from Lower Miocene in N Thailand (Mein et al., 1990). " Platacanthomys and Typhlomys, although chracterized by many specialized features, appear to be relicts of an assemblage that is recognizable as platacanthomyine as far back as the early Miocene, a group that may have had its origins in some primitive and as yet unknown Eocene or Oligocene [muroid] stock, probably in Asia " (Carleton and Musser, 1984: 368).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF3D0D9AFBC4F91E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Platacanthomys lasiurus Blyth, 1859.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0C02FC64F859.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Malabar, Alipi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0C02FC64F859.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forests below 3000 ft in S India.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0C02FC64F859.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by very few specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0395FA92F647.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Vietnam, Chapa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0395FA92F647.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0A0395FA92F647.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described as subspecies of T. cinereus, but its far greater size, pointed out by Osgood, clearly distinguishes it from the Chinese species. Still only represented by the 14 specimens " obtained by Delacour and Lowe at Chapa, all received from native collectors " (Osgood, 1932: 298).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0902CAF942F537.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, W Fujian.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0902CAF942F537.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S China (Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi, and S Anhui); records are from montane forest (Allen, 1940; Wu and Wang, 1984; Liu et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF0902CAF942F537.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Wu and Wang (1984) described jindongensis as a subspecies of T. cinereus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF230CD1FB9BF78F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Typhlomys cinereus Milne-Edwards, 1877.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF41FF0CFF230CD1FB9BF78F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The Miocene Neocometes is morphologically closely allied to Typhlomys (see review in Carleton and Musser, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF0B083FFBB2FBA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF0B083FFBB2FBA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Nepal, through N and NE India (Bhutan, Sikkim, Assam), SE Bangladesh, Burma, S China (Yunnan), Thailand, and Cambodia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF0B083FFBB2FBA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Kock and Posamentier (1983) and Lekagul and McNeely (1977) provided detailed and general distribution maps.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF3C097BFB8AFCD3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rhizomys badius Hodgson, 1841.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF3C097BFB8AFCD3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The sister-genus of Rhizomys, a relationship based on cladistic analyses of skeletal and dental traits (Flynn, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF3D0A2CFC57FDA3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosed and reviewed by Carleton and Musser (1984) and Flynn (1990), who also summarized relationships of extant and extinct genera in form of a cladogram. Flynn treated the group as a separate family and utilized Tachyoryctinae for Tachyoryctes and Rhizomyinae for Rhizomys and Cannomys; in our scheme these two groups would be treated as tribes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF3F0F8EFD23FAF0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rhizomys sinensis Gray, 1831.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF050E1FFCC0F9E2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Khasi Hills, Cherrapunji.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF050E1FFCC0F9E2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong), NE India (Assam), E Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, south to Perak on Malay Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF040D2CFD9CF86C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Guangdon, near Canton.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF040D2CFD9CF86C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C China (Sichuan, north to S Gansu and S Shaanxi, east and south through Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian; see Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Wang, 1990; Zheng and Zhang, 1990), N Burma, and Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF040D2CFD9CF86C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dao and Cao (1990) described reductus as a subspecies of R. sinensis from S Vietnam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF040CBFFB42F779.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Malacca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF03FF040CBFFB42F779.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S China (Yunnan), and Burma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF02FF3D03B2FCDBFD9F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bathyergus splendens Rüppell, 1835.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4EFF02FF3D03B2FCDBFD9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hollister (1919: 40) listed eight species of Tachyoryctes, noting that " all have constant characters of differentiation, and intergradation between any two of them is not indicated by this material, " and speculated that the " numerous forms will doubtlessly be connected by complete chains of intergrades and the final monographer of the genus will be obliged to reduce many of the named forms to the rank of subspecies. " Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1941) listed 14 species of Tachyoryctes, but these were reduced to T. macrocephalus and T. splendens by Misonne (1974) who was followed by Corbet and Hill (1991). Of the twenty forms described, Rahm (1980) considered about 16 of them to be valid subspecies of T. splendens. This change from 14 to 2 species was not based on careful analyses of morphological variation characterizing the named forms. Aside from Bekele's (1986) inconclusive univariate analyses of craniometric data from samples of Tachyoryctes, no assessment of morphological variation in the genus is available in context of a systematic revision. Until such a study provides documentation and definition of specific limits and their geographic distributions, we return to a modifed treatment of the arrangement by Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1941), which reflects the diagnostic information now available.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0A0980FAA0FC8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Uganda, Burumba, Ankole.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0A0980FAA0FC8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Uganda; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0A0980FAA0FC8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Recorded as a species by Swynnerton and Hayman (1951) but as a subspecies of T. splendens by Delany (1975), who nevertheless noted the cranial traits by which ankoliae could be distinguished from the adjacent ruddi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0B0890F952FBC8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mianzini, E of Lake Naivasha (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0B0890F952FBC8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0B0890F952FBC8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hollister (1919) commented on the distinctive large size of the holotype.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0B0F54FA2FFB3E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, summit of Aberdare Range, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0B0F54FA2FFB3E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from Aberdare Mtns, Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040FE2FC14F9F5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Tanzania, Mt Kilimanjaro, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040FE2FC14F9F5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from N Tanzania (Mt Kilimanjaro, Mt Meru and other highlands between Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria and between the lake and Rwanda); limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040FE2FC14F9F5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Records are from Hollister (1919) and Swynnerton and Hayman (1951), who also listed daemon as a species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040D18FC3BF819.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Shoa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040D18FC3BF819.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia; endemic to high southern plateau (Rupp, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040D18FC3BF819.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Inhabitant of Afro-alpine moorland and grassland, which it shares with the other Ethiopian endemics Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Lophuromys melanonyx, and Arvicanthis blicki (Yalden, 1988). Tachyoryctes splendens ranges from below 1000 m to the high moorland (4000 m) where it occurs together with T. macrocephalus (Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976). Yalden (1975) provided ecological observations for T. macrocephalus and morphological contrasts between it and T. splendens. See Yalden (1985, Mammalian Species, 237).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040307F96AF721.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Lake Naivasha, 6350 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040307F96AF721.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya; recorded from W and S of Lake Naivasha (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF040307F96AF721.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered by Thomas (19090: 547) to be the smallest of the East African Tachyoryctes and occurring " quite close " to the two largest (annectens and storeyi).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0503EEFA0FF67F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, W slopes of Mt. Kenya, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0503EEFA0FF67F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded only from 9000 to 10,700 ft on slopes of Mt. Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0503EEFA0FF67F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A large-bodied and distinctive species (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0502A5FC69F568.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Rwanda, Mt. Muhavura.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0502A5FC69F568.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire (Kivu), Rwanda, and Burundi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4FFF02FF0502A5FC69F568.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Elbl et al. (1966) and Rahm (1967) for distributional and ecological information. Stomach morphology was described by Rahm (1976) and chromosomal data was reported by Matthey (1967).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF3E03A6F9A5F64C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha and Cruz, 1979.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF3E03A6F9A5F64C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnostic traits of the new genus seem to combine aspects of Neacomys, Oryzomys, and Akodon, and Reig (1987) acknowledged the enigmatic affinities of Abrawayaomys as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Certain cranial features of Abrawayaomys suggest an archaic thomasomyine, perhaps distantly related to other thomasomyine genera of SE Brazil (e. g., see comment under Delomys).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0402DEFAC6F58E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Espirito Santo, Forno Grande, Castelo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0402DEFAC6F58E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the states of Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Misiones province, Argentina (after Massoia et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF3C0FABF9D8F781.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Second only to Murinae in generic and specific diversity. Priority of familygroup name Sigmodontinae set forth by Hershkovitz (1966 b) and Reig (1980). Taxonomic and nomenclatural histories of many forms compiled by Tate (1932 a-h). State-of-the-art alpha-level classifications presented by Miller (1924), Gyldenstolpe (1932), Ellerman (1941), Hall and Kelson (1959), Cabrera (1961), and Hall (1981). The studies of Carleton (1980), Gardner and Patton (1976), Hershkovitz (1962, 1966 c), Hooper and Musser (1964 a), and Reig (1980, 1984, 1987) contain information on higher-level relationships and classificatory arrangements. For an overview of phylogenetic diversification and biogeography of Sigmodontinae, see Hershkovitz (1966 b) and Reig (1984, 1986); for a paleontological background, see Baskin (1986), Martin (1980), Marshall (1979), Reig (1978), and Slaughter and Ubelaker (1984). Sigmodontine genera have been informally or formally grouped into tribes (see Carleton and Musser, 1989; Hershkovitz, 1966 c; and Reig, 1980, 1984); however, convincing evidence of monophyly has been mustered for only one of these tribal constructs (see Voss, 1988). The tribal affiliations, cited here in their informal adjectival construction, basically conform to Reig (1980, 1984), except that we maintain the thomasomyines (= Aepeomys, Delomys, Phaenomys, Rhagomys, Rhipidomys, Thomasomys, and Wilfredomys) as distinct from the oryzomyines (see Thomas, 1906 d, 1917 c; Hershkovitz, 1966 c; Carleton and Musser, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF080A3DFB76FDF8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Mt. Elgon, Kirui, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF080A3DFB76FDF8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Kenya (vicinity of Mt. Elgon) and SE Uganda.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF080A3DFB76FDF8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hollister (1919) commented on pelage traits.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0E0924F91DFD6E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Embi, near Mt. Kenya, 5400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0E0924F91DFD6E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Recorded from the plains in vicinity of Mt. Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0809B3F982FB8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Dembea Prov, Gondar.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0809B3F982FB8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia (500 - 3900 m; Rupp, 1980), Somalia, and NW Kenya; limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF01FF0809B3F982FB8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Yalden et al. (1976) claimed that the synonyms (except for ibeanus) listed here clearly apply to one species. Osgood (1936), however, noted that two species, splendens and cheesmani, could be distinguished among the Ethiopian samples he examined. We include ibeanus because it is geographically close to the range of T. splendens and was originally described as a subspecies of that species (see Allen, 1939). Hollister (1919) identified series from SE Kenya as T. ibeanus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF00FF3E01ACF996FE2B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys lugens Thomas, 1896.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4CFF00FF3E01ACF996FE2B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomasomyine. Synonymized under Thomasomys by Osgood (1933 c) and so followed by Ellerman (1941) and Cabrera (1961); generic status maintained by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Gardner and Patton (1976). Level of recognition of Aepeomys requires phylogentic investigation involving other thomasomyines.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0AF6FA88FD1B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Valle del Cauca Dept., San Antonio, 2040 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0AF6FA88FD1B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and C Andes of Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0AF6FA88FD1B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly ranked as a subspecies of A. lugens (Cabrera, 1961). Chromosomal morphology highly divergent among thomasomyines reported by Gardner and Patton (1976), who listed it as a species without explanation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0807FD73FC56.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, La Loma del Morro, 3000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0807FD73FC56.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Merida Andes of Venezuela to Andean Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0DA8F991F7D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Tungurahua Prov., upper Rio Pastaza, Mirador, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0DA8F991F7D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Ecuador, E Peru, and NW Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0D0DA8F991F7D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Chalcomys, usually placed as a synonym of the subgenus Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987). Formerly included as a subspecies of A. urichi by Cabrera (1961), but Gardner and Patton (1976), noting the pronounced difference in diploid number, listed the two as separate species. Probably more than one species yet masquerades under the name of A. aerosus (see Patton et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E033BFB57F6C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Valle del Cauca Dept., San Antonio, near Cali, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E033BFB57F6C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Occidental of W Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E033BFB57F6C0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Tentatively affiliated with Microxus by Gyldenstolpe (1932) but Cabrera (1961) placed it with Akodon proper.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E024AF9CEF59E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Salta Prov., Bajo Rio Cachi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E024AF9CEF59E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Peru, through WC Bolivia, to N Argentina and Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF0E024AF9CEF59E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Sometimes referenced as a member of Bolomys (Bianchi et al., 1971; Gardner and Patton, 1976), but its inclusion, together with berlepschii, within Akodon proper is more strongly supported (Pine et al., 1979; Reig, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF2008D4FA02F966.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Akodon boliviensis Meyen, 1833.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF00FF2008D4FA02F966.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The morphotypical akodontine genus stands at the nexus of a host of specific- and generic-level taxonomic problems. To review all classificatory variations here would be more confusing than enlightening; suffice it to say that the nomenclatural history of the following genus-group taxa has been variously intertwined with that of Akodon: Abrothrix, Bolomys, Chalcomys, Chroeomys, Deltamys, Hypsimys, Microxus, Thalpomys, and Thaptomys (especially see Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1984, 1987; Tate, 1932 #; Thomas, 1916 c). Comprehension of akodont systematics has been hindered by lack of explicit specimen documentation, careful character analyses, and a phylogenetic context, which in turn erodes decisions about the ranking of genus-group taxa. Fortunately, renewed interest in basic revisionary study will render the alpha systematics of akodonts less imposing (see Apfelbaum and Reig, 1989; Hershkovitz, 1990 «, c; Myers, 1989; Myers et al., 1990; Patton et al., 1989; Reig, 1987). See accounts of Bolomys, Chroeomys, and Thalpomys for history and arguments on their generic status.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF07FF0F0182FC1EFDC6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Entre Rios Prov., about 30 ° 30 ' S latitude between the Uruguay and Parana Rivers.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF07FF0F0182FC1EFDC6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina, southernmost Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and extreme S Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4DFF07FF0F0182FC1EFDC6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Olrog and Lucero (1981) maintained arenicola as a species distinct from A. azarae, but karyotypic and other data support their union (Vitullo et al., 1986; Ximenez et al., 1972).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0B0949FB57FC30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca, Dept., Bogota region, 8750 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0B0949FB57FC30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of W Venezuela, E and C Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0B0949FB57FC30.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microxus. As noted by Patton et al. (1989), generic-level representation of the divergence of Microxus from Akodon is more often based on traits of the species bogotensis, not the type species of Microxus (= Oxymycterus mimus). The status of bogotensis, together with that of latebricola, deserves reconsideration with respect to A. mimus (see comments therein) and other Akodon. Also see Reig (1987) and Voss and Linzey (1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0508DDFC4EFA50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., Pichu-Pichun, 14,000 ft (location clarified by Myers et al., 1990: 49).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0508DDFC4EFA50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of SE Peru and NC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF0508DDFC4EFA50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Karyology and geographic variation evaluated by Myers et al. (1990), who more narrowly defined the morphological and distributional boundaries of A. boliviensis, excluding spegazzinii and subfuscus, forms which had been arranged as subspecies (e. g., Cabrera, 1961). Southern range limits poorly understood (see Myers et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF040EBBFBC6F92C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Leon, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF040EBBFBC6F92C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF040EBBFBC6F92C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Hypsimys, which Cabrera (1961) and Reig (1987) recognized as a subgenus of Akodon. Karyotype reported by Vitullo et al. (1986) and biochemical divergence by Apfelbaum and Reig (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF050DF0F937F801.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, Rio das Velhas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF050DF0F937F801.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and SE Brazil, Uruguay, E Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF050DF0F937F801.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Formerly included in arviculoides (e. g., Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), which Reig (1978, 1987) reallocated to Bolomys lasiurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05030FFC56F6F2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Todos Santos, Chapare River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05030FFC56F6F2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C to SC Bolivia, 250 - 700 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05030FFC56F6F2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group sensu Myers (1989). Interpreted as a subspecies of A. tapirapoanus (= Bolomys lasiurus) by Cabrera (1961); considered a species closely related to A. toba by Myers (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05021FFD76F5E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Cordoba Prov., near Villa Dolores, Yacanto, 900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05021FFD76F5E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de Cordoba, C Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF07FF05021FFD76F5E3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group sensu Myers (1989). Considered closely related to A. molinae (Bianchi et al., 1979; Myers, 1989) if not conspecific with it (Hershkovitz, 1990 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF06FF04012FFB41FE54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Rio Secure, Choro, 3500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF06FF04012FFB41FE54.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes of SE Peru and W Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4AFF06FF04012FFB41FE54.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Treated as a subspecies of A. mollis (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Hershkovitz, 1990 c); viewed as a distinct species more closely related to A. kofordi by Myers and Patton (1989 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF30AC6FACCFD44.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Magallanes Prov., Isla Capitan Aracena, head of Bahia Morris, 60 m; 54 ° 14 ' S, 71 ° 30 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF30AC6FACCFD44.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Outer islands of the Chilean Archipelago.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF30AC6FACCFD44.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon after Patterson et al. (1984); subgenus Abrothrix sensu Reig (1987). A yellow-nosed species related to A. xanthorhinus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0C09C9FA25FC68.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Tucuman Prov., Sierra de Aconquija, 3000 - 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0C09C9FA25FC68.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0C09C9FA25FC68.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Variably placed with Abrothrix, usually as a subgenus (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987), or with Akodon sensu stricto (Gardner and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF308B3FC20FB5E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Chubut Prov., Valle del Lago Blanco, Koslowsky region, 100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF308B3FC20FB5E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC to S Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FEF308B3FC20FB5E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. The form nucus has been recently listed as a species (Hershkovitz, 1990 c; Reig, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0D0FC0FD57F9FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., 22 km (by road) N La Oroya (at junction of Hwy 3 to Junin and Hwy 20 to Tarma), 4040 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0D0FC0FD57F9FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E and W Andean slopes, above 2700 m, of C Peru, south along western slopes to Dept. Ayacucho.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0D0FC0FD57F9FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Considered a member of the A. boliviensis species group (see Myers et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0D2FFE78F8BA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Rio Parana, Isla Ella, 1 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0D2FFE78F8BA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina and adjacent Uruguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0D2FFE78F8BA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Deltamys, usually treated as a subgenus of Akodon (e. g., Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987), although Massoia (1980 b) accorded the taxon generic status.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0C62FA8DF7C7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., 9 km (by road) N Limbani, Agualani, 2840 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0C62FA8DF7C7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Depts. Cusco and Puno, SE Peru, 2750 to 2900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0E0C62FA8DF7C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Myers and Patton (1989 b) informally united their new species with A. fumeus as the A. fumeus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0F034DFB39F69E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Tierra del Fuego Prov., Bahia Monteith, Straits of Magellan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0F034DFB39F69E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Southernmost Chile and Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF0F034DFB39F69E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Abrothrix. Relegated to a subspecies of A. longipilis by Mann (1978) but others have affirmed its specific status (Osgood, 1943; Yanez et al., 1978). Earlier associated with Microxus (e. g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932) but later allocated to subgenus Abrothrix of Akodon (Osgood, 1943; Reig, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF080285F9FCF5A7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Tungurahua Prov., Rio Cusutagua, Hacienda San Francisco, east of Ambato, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF080285F9FCF5A7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andean Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF06FF080285F9FCF5A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Microxus (see remarks under A. bogotensis and A. mimus).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF05FF08016FFB2DFDF7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Distrito Federal, 20 km NW Brasilia, Parque Nacional de Brasilia, Matosa, 1100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF05FF08016FFB2DFDF7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cerrado habitat of the Parque Nacional de Brasilia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF4BFF05FF08016FFB2DFDF7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Morphology, karyotype, and habitat described by Hershkovitz (1990 c), who assigned the species to the A. boliviensis species group. Hershkovitz (1990 c) also discussed the nomen nudum Plectomys paludicola and its possible equivalence to the species A. lindberghi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF0B091AFC3FFBFD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Coquimbo Prov., Coquimbo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF0B091AFC3FFBFD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C to S Chile and Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF0B091AFC3FFBFD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Abrothrix, typically ranked as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Reig, 1978, 1987), occasionally as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932), or with Microxus as a synonym (Hershkovitz, 1966 c). See Reig (1987) for a review of treatment of Abrothrix and its specific contents. Species closely related to, perhaps conspecific with sanborni (see Osgood, 1943; Pine et al., 1979); also see A. lanosus. Pearson (1984) assigned Chelemys angustus to synonymy with A. longipilis; other synonyms follow Osgood (1943).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050F21FCDEFAED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Rio Negro Prov., Bariloche Dept., Estacion Aforo, Rio Manso Superior.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050F21FCDEFAED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Rio Negro Prov., Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050F21FCDEFAED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Abrothrix. Reig (1987) questioned the subgeneric assignment as well as the validity of this form.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040E3EFC82FA28.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Magallanes Prov., Isla Wellington, about 1.2 km NW Puerto Eden.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040E3EFC82FA28.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isla Wellington, S Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040E3EFC82FA28.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040EF2FDCAF866.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., Limbane, 2600 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040EF2FDCAF866.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes of SE Peru to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF040EF2FDCAF866.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Microxus, a taxon arranged either as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961), as a distinct akodontine genus (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1987; Thomas, 1916 c), or as a synonym of the oxymycterine genus Abrothrix (Hershkovitz, 1966 c). Preliminary electrophoretic evidence indicates that mimus is phyletically closer to species of Akodon sensu stricto than to those of Bolomys or Chroeomys (see Patton et al., 1989; Smith and Patton, 1991). Also see remarks under A. bogotensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050CABFE63F78E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Partido de Villarino, Laguna Chasico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050CABFE63F78E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050CABFE63F78E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group sensu Myers (1989). See remarks under A. dolores.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050393FA8BF690.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Piura Dept., Tumbes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050393FA8BF690.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High Andes of Ecuador to NC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF050393FA8BF690.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. See remarks under A. fumeus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF04027DFCD1F582.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Neuquen Prov., upper Rio Negro, Rio Limay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF04027DFCD1F582.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and S Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF05FF04027DFCD1F582.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group sensu Myers (1989). A subspecies of A. varius according to Cabrera (1961); a species more closely related to A. dolores or A. toba according to Myers (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF04FF04018EFE6EFE08.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF04FF04018EFE6EFE08.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil, E Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF48FF04FF04018EFE6EFE08.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Member of Thaptomys, usually segregated as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Massoia, 1963 a) though Reig (1978, 1987) considered Thaptomys a full synonym of Akodon sensu stricto. Includes subterraneus, the type of Thaptomys (see Massoia, 1963 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF50913FBCDFC2C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Aconcagua Prov., Valparaiso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF50913FBCDFC2C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N through midsouthern Chile, bordering area of westernmost Argentina, about to 48 ° S latitude.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF50913FBCDFC2C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Yaftez et al. (1979) arranged xanthorhinus and canescens as subspecies of A. olivaceus; Patterson et al. (1984) presented distributional and morphological arguments that sustain their specific distinction. Listing of Phillipi's numerous epithets follows Osgood (1943).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF508F3F9E4FAB3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., Leimabamba, Alto Utcubamba, 2400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF508F3F9E4FAB3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF508F3F9E4FAB3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Although initially described as a subspecies of A. mollis, Osgood (1943: 197) later removed orophilus as a distinct species, at which rank it has since remained (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987). Level of differentiation from A. torques, which Cabrera (1961) arranged as a subspecies of A. orophilus, uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60E5FFC60F90A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., upper Rio Secure, Choquecamate, 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60E5FFC60F90A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High altipiano of C Peru (Puno), through W Bolivia, to NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60E5FFC60F90A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Karyologic and morphometric variation presented, as A. caenosus, by Barquez et al. (1980). In their revision of the boliviensis group, Myers et al. (1990) referred caenosus, maintained as a species by Cabrera (1961), and lutescens, classified as a subspecies of A. andinus by Cabrera (1961), to subspecies of A. puer (also see Vitullo et al., 1986). Hershkovitz (1990 c) listed both caenosus and lutescens as species affiliated with A. boliviensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60C17FA9CF811.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Isla Chiloe, mouth of Rio Inio.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60C17FA9CF811.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Chile and adjacent Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60C17FA9CF811.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Abrothrix (see Osgood, 1943, and Reig, 1987). Pine et al. (1979) urged further study of its differentiation from A. longipilis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60CFFF891F76E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Sâo Paulo, Primeiro Morro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60CFFF891F76E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Serra do Mar, SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF60CFFF891F76E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Considered a member of the A. boliviensis species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF603B3F9E0F670.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Paranâ, Serra do Mar, Roca Nova, 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF603B3F9E0F670.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF603B3F9E0F670.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Hershkovitz (1990 c) listed leucogula as a species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF6029CFE6FF54B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., 28 km (by road) W Comarapa, 2800 m; 17 ° 51 ' S, 64 º 40 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF6029CFE6FF54B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF49FF04FEF6029CFE6FF54B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Hypsimys. Morphology and chromosomes suggest that A. siberiae is closely related to A. budini, the type species of Hypsimys (see Myers and Patton, 1989 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060A35FC00FD72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Tucuman Prov., San Pablo, Villa Nouges, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060A35FC00FD72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean foothills from SC Bolivia to NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060A35FC00FD72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group. Placed as a subspecies of A. varius (Cabrera, 1961; Thomas, 1926 b); returned to species rank by Myers (1989), who recognized glaucinus and tartareus as subspecies. Karyology and morphometries reviewed, as A. varius, by Barquez et al. (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050991FE7BFBFD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Salta Prov., lower Rio Cachi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050991FE7BFBFD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes, 400 to 1000 m, of NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050991FE7BFBFD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Karyology and morphometries reviewed, as A. boliviensis tucumanensis, by Barquez et al. (1980). Myers et al. (1990) segregated spegazzinii, with tucumanensis as a subspecies, as a species distinct from A. boliviensis. Significance of marginal genetic and morphologic divergence of alterus evaluated by Blaustein et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060F23FAE1FAED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., drainage of Rio Inambari, Limbani, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060F23FAE1FAED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and E Andean slopes of SC Peru to NW Bolivia (La Paz).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF060F23FAE1FAED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Described as a subspecies of A. boliviensis; raised to specific level and another subspecies named by Myers et al. (1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050E31FAB9F9F7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cuzco Dept., Huadquina, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050E31FAB9F9F7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of SE Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050E31FAB9F9F7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Distribution and affinities little known; retained as a species by Reig (1987), Myers (1989), and Hershkovitz (1990 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050D1BFE7BF84D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Sierra de Santa Barbara, Sunchai, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050D1BFE7BF84D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050D1BFE7BF84D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Retained as a species until Cabrera (1961) synonymized it as a race of A. azarae; Myers (1989) tentatively listed sylvanus and azarae as separate species. The status and relationship of pervalens deserves resolution: retained as a nominal species similar to A. cursor by Myers (1989); placed as a synonym of A. serrensis by Hershkovitz (1990 c). Arrangment here follows the describer, Thomas (1925).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050CDEFC65F73C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Presidente Hayes Dept., northern Chaco, Jesematathla, 100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050CDEFC65F73C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Chaco of W Paraguay, E Boliva, and N Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF050CDEFC65F73C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group sensu Myers (1989). Relegated to a subspecies of A. varius by Cabrera (1961); karyotypic and morphological discrimination from varius proper summarized by Myers (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF0503E1FD4DF5C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cuzco Dept., Machu Picchu, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF0503E1FD4DF5C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean cloud forest of SE Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7BFF0503E1FD4DF5C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Relegated to a subspecies of A. orophilus (e. g., Cabrera, 1961), but recent studies have revealed that torques is a genetically distinctive form related to A. mollis (Patton et al., 1989, 1990). Described as a species of Microxus but considered a member of Akodon proper by later authors (Ellerman, 1941; Patton et al., 1989; Thomas, 1927).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7AFF05014CFD13FE8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Caparo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7AFF05014CFD13FE8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad, Tobago, Venezuela, E Colombia, N Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF36FF7AFF05014CFD13FE8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon. Gardner and Patton (1976) considered A. aerosus distinct from A. urichi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB0A91FB9DFD7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Cochabamba, 2400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB0A91FB9DFD7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes, 2000 - 3000 m, of W Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB0A91FB9DFD7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Akodon, varius group. Cabrera (1961) included as subspecies neocenus, simulator, and toba, forms here arranged as species according to the preliminary revision of Myers (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB09A1F91BFBB5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Magallanes Prov., Isla Hoste, Hardy Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB09A1F91BFBB5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme S Chile and Argentina, including Tierra del Fuego.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEFB09A1F91BFBB5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgeneric allocation questionable: a member of Akodon following Patterson et al. (1984) or Abrothrix according to Reig (1987). Type locality, synonymy, distribution, and karyotype discussed by Patterson et al. (1984), who judged the form infans, synonymized under A. xanthorhinus by Osgood (1943), as a nomen dubium and considered Hanoi, described by Pine (1976), as a subjective synonym. Genetically highly differentiated from typical Akodon (see Apfelbaum and Reig, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40E5FFAF7FA0E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Catamarca Prov., 15 km (on route 62) W Andalgala, west bank Rio Amanao.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40E5FFAF7FA0E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40D10FD27F8F9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Boqueron Dept., 410 km (by road) NW Villa Hayes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40D10FD27F8F9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Chaco of W Paraguay and SE Bolivia (Santa Cruz).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40D10FD27F8F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diploid count differs by one pair (76, 78) in the two subspecies (Myers, 1977; Olds et al., 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E0F74FD6DFAB2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Andalgalomys olrogi Williams and Mares, 1978.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E0F74FD6DFAB2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A phyllotine that includes forms formerly associated with Graomys. Morphological and karyotypic traits summarized by Olds et al. (1987), who emended the generic diagnosis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40324FD59F703.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Potosi Dept., between Potosi and Sucre, El Cabrado, 3700 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40324FD59F703.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of extreme S Peru (Puno) and N Chile (in Chile see Spotorno, 1976; Pine et al., 1979), through W Bolivia, to NW Argentina (Jujuy and Catamarca).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E0C3DFD31F7FA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Andinomys edax Thomas, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E0C3DFD31F7FA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962). Standard karyotype reported and compared to other phyllotines by Pearson and Patton (1976) and Simonetti and Spotorno (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40104FA9DF523.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Volcän Pichincha, 11,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40104FA9DF523.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Ecuador at high elevations.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFEF40104FA9DF523.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Highest diploid number (2 n = 92) yet reported for Mammalia (Gardner, 1971). Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E021BFE6AF618.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Anotomys leander Thomas, 1906.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF37FF7AFF2E021BFE6AF618.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ichthyomyine. Formerly included trichotis (Handley, 1976), which Voss (1988) removed to the new genus Chibchanomys. Phylogenetic relationships studied by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1709E7FDC4FC5C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Potosi Dept., " a few leagues " south of Potosi, 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1709E7FDC4FC5C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano from S Peru (Arequipa Dept.) to extreme N Chile and W Boliva (Potosi Dept.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1108C1FA7EFACE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., " interior plains of Patagonia " at 50 ° S latitude, near the Rio Santa Cruz (probably near La Argentina fide Hershkovitz, 1962: 392).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1108C1FA7EFACE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Andes of Chile and Argentina, from about 38 ° S latitude to Straits of Magellan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1108C1FA7EFACE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Osgood's (1947) subgenus Loxodontomys and revised in this context by Pearson (1958). Banded karyotype published by Spotorno and Walker (1979); transferred to Auliscomys by Simonetti and Spotorno (1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF4B0A2EFD5AFD3A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Reithrodon pictus Thomas, 1884.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF4B0A2EFD5AFD3A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Alpha systematics revised by Pearson (1958) and Hershkovitz (1962) as part of Phyllotis. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Phyllotis; variably recognized afterwards at that rank (Osgood, 1947; Pearson, 1958) or as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Thomas, 1926 a). Recent evidence supports the monophyly and probable earlier divergence of Auliscomys (Pearson and Patton, 1976; Simonetti and Spotorno, 1980). Chromosomal evolution of three of the four extant species presented by Walker and Spotorno (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF100E53FD16FA04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junfn Dept., Junin, 13,700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF100E53FD16FA04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High Andes from C Peru (Ancash Dept.) to NW Bolivia (La Paz Dept.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF100D17FDC4F8F9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Arequipa Dept., Rinconado Malo Pass, between Caylloma and Calalla, 18,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF100D17FDC4F8F9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano from S Peru (Ayacucho Dept.), through SW Bolivia and adjacent Chile, to NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1003F7F99EF61B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Colima, Colima.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1003F7F99EF61B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Nayarit and C Veracruz, Mexico, to NW Nicaragua, excluding Yucatan Peninsula and Caribbean tropical lowlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF1003F7F99EF61B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Packard and Montgomery (1978, Mammalian Species, 102).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF170106FA74F50B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, Duval Co., San Diego.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF170106FA74F50B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Arizona and SW New Mexico, E Texas, USA, south to Michoacan, C Hidalgo, and C Veracruz, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF170106FA74F50B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Eshelman and Cameron (1987, Mammalian Species, 285).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF4A0C31FC8DF72A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys taylori Thomas, 1887.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF34FF79FF4A0C31FC8DF72A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Revised by Packard (1960). Relegated to a subgenus of Peromyscus by Osgood (1909) but reinstated as a separate genus by Miller (1912 b). Relationship to South American forms (e. g., Calomys) advanced by Packard (1960) but other studies have disclosed cognate affinity to Scotinomys (Carleton, 1980; Carleton et al., 1975; Hooper, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 1964 a). Karyology evaluated by Yates et al. (1979) and biochemical variation by Calhoun et al. (1989). Hershkovitz (1962) transferred the form hummelincki, erroneously described under Baiomys, to the phyllotine genus Calomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA0AE2F92AFD41.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Chaco Prov., Las Palmas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA0AE2F92AFD41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA0AE2F92AFD41.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Akodon; transferred to Bibimys by Massoia (1980 a), who noted the need to clarify the differentiation of this form from B. torresi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA09CAFCB1FBE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pleistocene cave deposits near Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA09CAFCB1FBE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Minas Gerais, Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA09CAFCB1FBE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Scapteromys, referred to Akodon by Hershkovitz (1966 c), and reidentified as a species of Bibimys by Massoia (1980 a). As with other sigmodontine species described by Winge (1887) from the Lagoa Santa caves, the relationship of B. labiosus to species named later warrants critical investigation (see Voss and Myers, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0A2FF949FE3E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bibimys torresi Massoia, 1979.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0A2FF949FE3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosed as a third genus of scapteromyines, also including Kunsia and Scapteromys (see Hershkovitz, 1966 b), and so maintained by Reig (1984, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA0F29FC82FB20.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Paranâ River delta at the confluence of Arroyo Las Piedras with Arroyo Cucarachas, Campana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEA0F29FC82FB20.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB0E95FA74F992.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, Pleistocene cave deposits near Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB0E95FA74F992.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bahia to Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB0E95FA74F992.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Matson and Abravaya (1977, Mammalian Species, 74).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0E06FC74FA8A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oxymycterus breviceps Winge, 1887.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0E06FC74FA8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine (see Reig, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB031BF96DF732.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Arequipa Dept., Calalla, Rio Colca, near Sumbay, 3500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB031BF96DF732.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of SE Peru and WC Bolivia (after Anderson and Olds, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB031BF96DF732.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological definition as type species of genus clarified by Reig (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB03DFFC48F688.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Leon, about 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FEEB03DFFC48F688.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of SC Bolivia (see Anderson and Olds, 1989) and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF7FFEE40292FBEAFE21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF7FFEE40292FBEAFE21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, and Brazil south of the Amazon River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF7FFEE40292FBEAFE21.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised as part of Zygodontomys (Hershkovitz, 1962). Inclusion of lasiurus within Bolomys (or Akodon), not Zygodontomys, supported by karyological and morphological information (see Gardner and Patton, 1976; Maia and Langguth, 1981; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Geographic variation assessed by Macêdo and Mares (1987), who retained only l. fuscinus and I. lasiurus as subspecies. They further placed lenguarum, a form tentatively retained as a species by Reig (1987) and Anderson and Olds (1989), in synonymy under B. I. lasiurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0D88F989F7F6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Akodon amoenus Thomas, 1900.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF35FF78FF1D0D88F989F7F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. After diagnosis as a genus, taxon retained as a subgenus of Akodon by Ellerman (1941) and Cabrera (1961). Emendation of diagnostic traits, synonymy of Cabreramys, and provisional list of species presented by Reig (1987). Complex taxonomic history and diagnosis further refined based on Bolivian species by Anderson and Olds (1989). Chromosomal traits and inappropriate karyotypic references reviewed by Maia and Langguth (1981) and Reig (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150AEFFC58FD10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay, Maldonado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150AEFFC58FD10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Uruguay and EC Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150AEFFC58FD10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Cabreramys (Massoia and Fornes, 1967), considered a junior synonym of Bolomys by Reig (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF1509FDFB21FB82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF1509FDFB21FB82.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indeterminate area of Ecuador and perhaps Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF1509FDFB21FB82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Akodon but referred to a subspecies of Zygodontomys brevicauda by Hershkovitz (1962). Voss (19916) recognized the Bolomys-like traits of punctulatus and provisionally retained it as a species while noting its similarity to B. lasiurus. The enigmatic distribution of the few fragmentary specimens assignable to punctulatus, which originate from a region outside of the currently-known geographic range of Bolomys, was discussed by Voss (1991 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF160F8EFD13FAA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Misiones Prov., Depto. Capital, en terrenos del INTA, Arroyo Zaiman.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF160F8EFD13FAA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Region of Misiones, Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF160316FCA1F6A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Rio Solocame, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF160316FCA1F6A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF160316FCA1F6A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Conventionally arranged as a subspecies or synonym of C. callosus (Cabrera, 1961; Hershkovitz, 1962). Use here follows informal listing of Reig (1986), who included fecundus as a subjective synonym. Karyotype reported, as C. fecundus, by Pearson and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150272FBC3F567.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Corrientes Prov., Goya, 600 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150272FBC3F567.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina and E Paraguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF150272FBC3F567.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosed as a subspecies of C. venustus and recognized as such (e. g., Cabrera, 1961) until Hershkovitz (1962) placed it in synonymy with C. callosus callosus. Specific status of callidus affirmed by Corti et al. (1987), who summarized its distribution and karyotypic discrimination.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF4F0E85F8B1F804.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Calomys) bimaculatus Waterhouse, 1837 (= Mus laucha Fischer, 1814).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF32FF7FFF4F0E85F8B1F804.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Cladistic position unclear, but generally viewed as a primitive clade relative to other phyllotine genera (Hershkovitz, 1962; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Possible relationship of Calomys to North American Pliocene form Bensonomys debated by Baskin (1978, 1986) and Reig (1980). Generic revision by Hershkovitz (1962), who reduced the previously-recognized 10 - 15 species (e. g., Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941) to only four, two of which, laucha and callosus, have been later shown to be species complexes (Corti et al., 1987; Massoia et al., 1968; Pearson and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1986; Williams and Mares, 1978). Regional names, however, are sometimes employed in contradictory or inconsistent fashion, which leaves unsettled the question of relationship to extraregional forms and the identification of older synonyms to be employed. The species listed here, their distributional extent, and the allocation of synonyms must be viewed cautiously pending another generic revision.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70A2BFB39FC80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Neembucu Dept., banks of Rio Paraguay opposite mouth of Rio Bermejo (as interpreted by Hershkovitz, 1962: 172).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70A2BFB39FC80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, E Bolivia, W Paraguay, WC to EC Brazil (after Mares et al., 1981 b, 1989 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70A2BFB39FC80.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Homogeneity of populations unified here should be viewed skeptically. According to Hershkovitz (1962), callosus also encompassed boliviae (see species account), callidus (see species account), and fecundus (see C. boliviae), together with species-group taxa enumerated above. Others have referenced, without explanation, muriculus (Williams and Mares, 1978) and venustus (Corti et al., 1987) as separate species, although Reig (1986) did not. Relationship and possible priority of venustus with respect to boliviae and fecundus especially merits study. Karyotype of nominate form published by Pearson and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE7088DFB95FB5E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Netherlands West Indies, Curaçao, Klein Santa Martha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE7088DFB95FB5E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Llanos of NE Colombia (La Guajira), N Venezuela, and continental-shelf islands Curaçao and Aruba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE7088DFB95FB5E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally named as a species of Baiomys; included in C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962), who considered the Venezuelan populations to be introductions. Indigenous status reasserted by Handley (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70FC0FC4EF9E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, vicinity of Asunción (as restricted by Hershkovitz, 1962: 153).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70FC0FC4EF9E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina and Uruguay, SE Bolivia, W Paraguay, and WC Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70FC0FC4EF9E3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included hummelincki (See Handley, 1976), musculinus (see Massoia et al., 1968), and tener (see species account). Attribution of pusillus follows Hershkovitz (1962; also see Osgood, 1943: 239).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70D2FFACAF90B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junfn Dept., Junin.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70D2FFACAF90B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of C Peru through W Bolivia, to NE Chile and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE70D2FFACAF90B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Pearson and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00C16F8C6F7C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Maimara, 2230 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00C16F8C6F7C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, E Paraguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00C16F8C6F7C0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962) but morphological and karyotypic evidence supports its specific status (Massoia et al., 1968; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Synonymy follows Contreras and Rosi (1980); Reig (1986) listed murillus as a species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE0034DF944F69F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Libertad Dept., 8 mi S Huamachuco, 3500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE0034DF944F69F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peruvian Andes, above 2000 m, from Dept. Libertad to Puno.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE0034DF944F69F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Classified as a subspecies of C. lepidus (Cabrera, 1961); discrimination from and sympatry with C. lepidus documented by Hershkovitz (1962), who relegated frida and miurus to synonymy under C. sorellus (also see Pearson and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00285FD00F551.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00285FD00F551.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF33FF7EFEE00285FD00F551.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged as a subspecies of C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962), but others have retained tener, along with C. laucha, as distinct species (Cabrera, 1961; Mares et al., 1989 a; Moojen, 1952), which suggests the need for further study of their level of differentiation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF490A2AF99DFD8A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Akodon megalonyx Thomas, 1903.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF490A2AF99DFD8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Named as a subgenus of Akodon, later ranked as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1987; Thomas, 1927) or consolidated under Notiomys, together with Geoxus (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1925, 1943). Pearson (1984) enumerated diagnostic traits of these three long-clawed, semi-fossorial taxa, and Reig (1987) amplified their morphological definition. Chelemys angustus Thomas, 1927, is based on a specimen of Akodon longipilis (see Pearson, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF150996F993FBC2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Mendoza Prov., Fort San Rafael.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF150996F993FBC2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E and W flanks of S Andes along Chile-Argentina boundary, about 34 ° S latitude south to Straits of Magellan. C Chilean distribution augmented by Pine et al. (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF150996F993FBC2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a subspecies of C. megalonyx by Mann (1978) and Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980); recognized as species by Osgood (1943) and Pearson (1984). Osgood (1943) designated the skin of Notiomys connectens as the holotype of this composite specimen and synonymized it with [C.] macronyx vestitus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF170F4EFC8BFA99.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valparaiso Prov., Lake Quintero.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF170F4EFC8BFA99.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Chile, Coquimbo Prov. south to Magallanes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF170F4EFC8BFA99.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The association of delfini — retained by Osgood (1943) as a species related to C. macronyx but listed as a subspecies of C. megalonyx by Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980) — needs resolution.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF160DAFF957F8BE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, " W. Cundinamarca. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF160DAFF957F8BE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands in W Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF160DAFF957F8BE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Provenience of type, taxonomy, and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF4F0E91FDF7F962.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Ichthyomys trichotis Thomas, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF4F0E91FDF7F962.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ichthyomyine. Described as a species of Ichthyomys, trichotis was thereafter associated first with Rheomys (Cabrera, 1961; Tate, 1932 / 1) and then Anotomys (Handley, 1976). Generic distinctiveness and phylogenetic relationships substantiated by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF160364FDD1F6C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca Dept., Bogota region, Hacienda de La Selva, 1380 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF160364FDD1F6C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Andes, from N Ecuador through C and N Colombia, to W Venezuela. Venezuelan distribution amplified by Handley (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF480C7CFC2FF7B8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys instans Thomas, 1895.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF480C7CFC2FF7B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged with oryzomyines (Reig, 1984) but tribal affinity obscure; perhaps more closely related to thomasomyines. Aspects of morphology reported by Carleton (1973) and Voss and Linzey (1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF14011EF895F567.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Esperanza, 50 km N Mount Sajama, Pacajes, 4200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF14011EF895F567.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano region of S Peru, W Bolivia, extreme NW Argentina, and N Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF4F025BFDC1F5F3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Chinchillula sahamae Thomas, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF30FF7DFF4F025BFDC1F5F3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962); karyology reviewed by Pearson and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE098FFAB3FC72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Santiago Prov., Altos Andes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE098FFAB3FC72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peru, Bolivia, N Chile, N Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE098FFAB3FC72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although not colorfully marked like C. jelskii, genetic data support the transfer of andinus to Chroeomys (see Smith and Patton, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE089CFC44FB61.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junfn Dept., Junfn.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE089CFC44FB61.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of S Peru to WC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEFE089CFC44FB61.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Sanborn (1947 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFF100A20FD25FD81.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Akodon pulcherrimus Thomas, 1897 (= Akodon jelskii Thomas, 1894).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFF100A20FD25FD81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Described as a genus (Thomas, 1916 c) but afterwards conventionally viewed as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1987). Among the most genetically divergent akodonts surveyed by Patton et al. (1989) and Smith and Patton (1991), including species of typical Akodon, Bolomys, and Microxus, and recognized by those authors as a separate genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEF80CCFFB9EF798.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEF80CCFFB9EF798.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic coastal region of SE Brazil and extreme NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEF80385F9B0F70D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Espirito Santo, Engenheiro Reeve, 500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFEF80385F9B0F70D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic coastal forest of SE Brazil, Espirito Santo to Paranâ.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFF110FC6FB87F85C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys dorsalis Hensel, 1872.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF7CFF110FC6FB87F85C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomasomyine. Delomys has variously stood as a genus (Avila-Pires, 1960 b; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932 /) or placed within Thomasomys, with or without formal subgeneric division (Ellerman, 1941; Moojen, 1952; Osgood, 1933 d). As remarked by Osgood (1933 d), Thomas in part created Delomys to taxonomically underscore the geographic disjunction between thomasomyines in SE Brazil and the diverse radiation of typical Thomasomys in the N Andes (e. g., see Reig, 1986). There are features that unite the forms of Delomys, but decision on its classificatory rank — and that of other SE Brazilian endemics like Wilfredomys, Rhagomys, and Phaenomys — must await broader-based phylogenetic inquiry involving Andean thomasomyines. Number of recognized species listed as four (Moojen, 1952), three (Reig, 1986), two (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), or one (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Cabrera, 1961), a situation which advises that future list-making would profit from critical specimen examination. Here we recognize two, D. dorsalis and D. sublineatus, following the karyotypic study of Zanchin et al. (1992 b). Avila-Pires (1960 b) associated Calomys plebejus Winge, 1887, as another form of Delomys; its status with regard to dorsalis and sublineatus warrents clarification.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF73FF12022AFC95FD72.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Eligmodontia typus F. Cuvier, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF31FF73FF12022AFC95FD72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A phyllotine member closely allied to Calomys (Hershkovitz, 1962; Williams and Mares, 1978). Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who synonymized all forms as E. typus. Morphological, chromosomal, and distributional evidence, however, supports a view of greater species diversity (e. g., Kelt et al., 1991; Mann, 1978; Mares et al., 1989 b; Osgood, 1943). For example, Kelt et al. (1991) identified three chomosomal morphs to which they applied the names typus (2 n = 44), puerulus (2 n = 50), and morgani (2 n = 32). The association of names, particularly for typus and morgani, is based on the nearness of their sample localities to type localities. This is not the same as karyotyping topotypic animals or comparing karyotyped specimens to holotypes. In view of the complex interdigitation of specific ranges among the ridges and valleys of the southern Andes, the use of these chromosomal formulae as a diagnostic key to species identifications should be employed cautiously pending a full revision of the genus. Williams and Mares (1978) referred Graomys hypogaeus to synonymy under E. typus sensu lato and questioned whether the type is a composite specimen; resolution of its status and proper synonymy requires restudy of the holotype as part of a revision of Eligmodontia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF10099FFD62FC16.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, La Rioja Prov., Chilecito, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF10099FFD62FC16.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic-facing Andean slopes at intermediate elevations. El Salta to Neuquen Prov., NW Argentina; limits poorly documented.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF10099FFD62FC16.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Mares et al. (1981 b, 1989 b) noted the morphological, distributional, and ecological distinction of E. moreni and E. puerulus in El Salta Prov., Argentina. The differentiation of moreni from morgani in the S Andes and from typus in the Pampas warrants further study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF1108FBFAC4FAEC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., basaltic canyons 50 mi SE Lake Buenos Aires.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF1108FBFAC4FAEC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Patagonian region of S Argentina and adjacent Chile; limits of distribution unknown, perhaps as far north as Neuquen Prov., Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF1108FBFAC4FAEC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species epithet was used by Kelt et al. (1991) for the 2 n = 32 chromosomal form but whether this karyotype characterizes animals from the type locality needs verification. Other forms of Eligmodontia occur in the area.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110E3EFBE4F977.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Antofagasta Prov., San Pedro de Atacama, 3223 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110E3EFBE4F977.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of extreme S Peru, through NE Chile and W Bolivia, to NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110E3EFBE4F977.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reduced to a subspecies of E. typus by Hershkovitz (1962) but morphological (Mann, 1978; Osgood, 1943) and karyotypic (Kelt et al., 1991; Orteils et al., 1989) data sustain the specific recognition of E. puerulus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110D9AFC82F818.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, " Buenos Aires. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110D9AFC82F818.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Argentina and contiguous parts of Chile; range uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF110D9AFC82F818.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz (1962: 185) discussed the uncertainty of the type locality (also see Orteils et al., 1989: 138), which should be formally restricted in order to settle the morphological identification of E. typus and promote a critical definition of the species within the genus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF44031EFA02F5C7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Reithrodon chinchilloides Waterhouse, 1839.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF73FF44031EFA02F5C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Few specimens exist to substantiate the specific taxonomy and distribution of the genus. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who acknowledged several nominal species but indicated their probable synonymy under E. chinchilloides, as Mann (1978) so formalized for Chilean populations. Yanez et al. (1987) summarized extant specimen data for Euneomys and concluded that one species is represented. Others have recognized two or more (e. g., Osgood, 1943; Pearson and Christie, 1991; Pine et al., 1979). The latter arrangement is more nearly correct but must be sustained within the context of rigorous revisions. Holotype of Reithrodon fossor Thomas, 1899, type species of Chelemyscus Thomas, 1925, is a composite, the designated type skull referrable to Euneomys (Osgood, 1943: 164; Pearson, 1984: 231).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF72FF11014AFE61FDB8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Straits of Magellan, south shore near eastern entrance.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF72FF11014AFE61FDB8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, neighboring islands, and southernmost Chile; limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3EFF72FF11014AFE61FDB8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz (1962) had suggested that other nominal species would prove to be synonyms of E. chinchilloides. This taxonomy has been followed (Mann, 1978; Yanez et al., 1987) but misrepresents species diversity in the genus (see Pearson and Christie, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0963F95AFCAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, " Prov. Salta. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0963F95AFCAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, which is questionable as Euneomys is otherwise unrecorded this far north in Argentina (see Mares et al., 1989 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0963F95AFCAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status doubtful — " the name Chelemyscus fossor should be attached to an appropriate species of Euneomys by some future revisor " (Pearson, 1984: 231).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0871F921FB6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Fort San Rafael; uncertain, probably not the San Rafael in Mendoza Prov. (see Pearson and Christie, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0871F921FB6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Argentina and adjacent region of Chile (Santiago and Malleco Provs.); range limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFD0871F921FB6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Pearson and Christie (1991) treated noei as conspecific with E. mordax.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFE0FB6FA7CFA0F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., upper Rio Chico, near the Cordilleras.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFE0FB6FA7CFA0F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme S Argentina and adjacent Chile, excluding Tierra del Fuego; limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFE0FB6FA7CFA0F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to a subspecies of E. chinchilloides by Hershkovitz (1962) and Pearson and Christie (1991), but Osgood (1943) had noted the nearby occurrence of E. petersoni and E. chinchilloides without evidence of intergradation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFE0C3DFAEBF845.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Esperanza, northeast of Mount Sajama, 4140 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFE0C3DFAEBF845.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of S Peru, N Chile, and adjacent Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FF110D2CFD01F8EC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Phyllotis garleppi Thomas, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FF110D2CFD01F8EC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Named as a subgenus of Euneomys, later elevated to genus (Thomas, 1926 «), and reassociated as a subgenus of Phyllotis (Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1947). Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who considered Galenomys a distinct genus, as did Pearson (1958).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FF120CE5FD0EF774.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oxymycterus valdivianus Philippi, 1858.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FF120CE5FD0EF774.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Revised by Osgood (1925, 1943) as part of Notiomys — see remarks under Chelemys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFA03A6F9D4F632.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valdivia Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFA03A6F9D4F632.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and S Chile, including Mocha and Chiloe islands, to Straits of Magellan, and S Argentina (Neuquen Prov. to Chubut).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF72FEFA03A6F9D4F632.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Pearson (1984) noted that the generic association and specific status of michaelseni, arranged by Osgood (1943) as a subspecies, are uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF71FF1202EBFE5FFE70.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus griseoflavus Waterhouse, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3FFF71FF1202EBFE5FFE70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Previously included in Phyllotis as a formal subgeneric division (Osgood, 1947; Pearson, 1958) or not (Hershkovitz, 1962). Returned to generic stature based on karyological data (Pearson and Patton, 1976) and other traits (see Reig, 1978; Olds and Anderson, 1989). Williams and Mares (1978) transferred Graomys pearsoni Myers, 1977, to Andalgalomys and synonymized G. hypogaeus in Eligmodontia typus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F0A9DFD64FD16.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Tapacari, 3000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F0A9DFD64FD16.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E slopes of Andes of SC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F0A9DFD64FD16.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ranked as a subspecies of G. griseoflavus by Hershkovitz (1962). Chromosomal divergence reported by Pearson and Patton (1976), who reinstated domorum as a species (also see Olds et al., 1987). Reig (1978) followed Cabrera (1961) in allocating taterona to G. domorum.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F09F9FC92FBB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, La Rioja Prov., Otro Cerro, about 18 km NNW Chumbicha, 3000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F09F9FC92FBB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF1F09F9FC92FBB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status uncertain — placed as a synonym of G. griseoflavus by Cabrera (1961) or retained as a nominal species of Phyllotis (Hershkovitz, 1962) or of Graomys (Myers, 1977; Williams and Mares, 1978). Reinvestigation of the original type series, reportedly acquired in near sympatry with cachinus and médius (Thomas, 1919), would shed much light.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180F64F9A8FAA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Rio Negro Prov., mouth of Rio Negro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180F64F9A8FAA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Bolivia, W Paraguay, and nearby Brazil, south to S Chubut Prov., Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180F64F9A8FAA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Even with removal of G. domorum, specific homogeneity of included populations and list of species-group synonyms remain highly suspect.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF310E8EFBF2F8DB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Peromyscus lepturus Merriam, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF310E8EFBF2F8DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Circumscribes species originally placed with the Peromyscus mexicanus complex, subgenus Peromyscus (Osgood, 1909). Hooper and Musser (1964 b) acknowledged their distinctive morphology as the subgenus Habromys of Peromyscus (and Hooper, 1968 b), a clade which Carleton (1980) viewed at the generic level. Systematic evidence weakly supports common ancestry of Habromys with Neotomodon and / or Podomys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b). Male reproductive tract examined by Hooper (1958), Hooper and Musser (1964 b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190C46FB47F7C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, north slope Cerro Pelon, 31.6 km S Vista Hermosa, 2650 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190C46FB47F7C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of the type locality in the Sierra de Juarez, NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190C46FB47F7C9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A small-bodied species morphologically similar to H. simulatus and sympatric with H. lepturus (see Robertson and Musser, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190352F9E6F6B8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Cerro Zempoaltepec, 8200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190352F9E6F6B8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forests on Cerro Zempoaltepec and Sierra de Juarez, NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF190352F9E6F6B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Musser (1969 a) arranged the distinctive form ixtlani as a subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180265FD92F5C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Todos Santos, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180265FD92F5C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, C Guatemala, and NW El Salvador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF71FF180265FD92F5C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Robertson and Musser (1976) noted much diversity among their samples of H. lophurus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF70FF18014FFDACFE55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, near Jico, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF70FF18014FFDACFE55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Restricted area on E slopes of Sierra Madre Oriental, C Veracruz, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3CFF70FF18014FFDACFE55.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by only three specimens — the type, paratype, and one from near Zacualpan, Veracruz (see Robertson and Musser, 1976); distributional limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE50816FD48FBA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Colima, Manzanillo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE50816FD48FBA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Southernmost Sinaloa to Oaxaca; interior Mexico along basin of Rio Balsas to central Puebla.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE50816FD48FBA8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Kelson (1952) placed vetulus as a subspecies of N. alleni. See Genoways and Birney, 1974 (Mammalian Species, 41, as Neotoma alleni), who first reported the karyotype (2 n = 48).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FF1F0AD3FE69FD05.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neotoma alleni Merriam, 1892.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FF1F0AD3FE69FD05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Neotomine. Maintained as a genus (e. g., Goldman, 1910; Ellerman, 1941) until arranged as a subgenus of Neotoma by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Carleton (1980) expressed relationships and differentiation of Hodomys at the generic rank, perhaps closely related to Xenomys (also see Carleton, 1973; Hooper, 1960; and Schaldach, 1960).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FF180F8FFA49F88B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus (Holochilus) leucogaster Brandt, 1835 (= Mus brasiliensis Desmarest, 1819).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FF180F8FFA49F88B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged by Hershkovitz (1955 a) as one of four genera of sigmodont rodents. Based on reproductive anatomy, Hooper and Musser (1964 a) remarked that Holochilus may represent a " well differentiated oryzomyine rather than a sigmodont. " Standard karyotypic data have provided little resolution of generic affinities (Gardner and Patton, 1976) but g-banded evaluations supported an oryzomyine affiliation (R. J. Baker et al., 1983 a). Retained, with Sigmodon proper, in the tribe Sigmodontini by Reig (1984, 1986). Genus revised by Hershkovitz (1955 a), who consolidated 13 nominal species (e. g., Ellerman, 1941) under H. brasiliensis and diagnosed a new one, H. magnus. Subsequent studies have revealed that brasiliensis of Hershkovitz (1955 a) is a composite of three or more species (Aguilera and Perez-Zapata, 1989; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Massoia, 1980 a, 1981; Reig, 1986). In general, evidence for the species acknowledged below issues from more localized studies that lack the perspective of a full generic review; these names, distributions, and synonyms must therefore be accepted as tentative pending such a synoptic revision. Association of synonyms basically observes the species classification of Massoia (1980 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE60C97F88DF77B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa (as restricted by Hershkovitz, 1955 a: 662).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE60C97F88DF77B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil, Uruguay, and EC Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE60C97F88DF77B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological definition and geographic range reduced in scope by Massoia (1980 a, 1981), who segregated H. sciureus as a species distinct from H. brasiliensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE003A7F91CF632.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, eastern Chaco, one league NW Concepcion, 500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE003A7F91CF632.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Paraguay and NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF70FEE003A7F91CF632.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered distinct by Massoia (1980 a), who treated balnearum as a synonym; Reig (1986) mentioned balnearum as another good species. Highly variable in diploid and fundamental numbers (Vidal et al., 1976; Nachman and Myers, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF77FEE002DFFA34FE73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay, about 40 km south Treinta y Très, Rio Cebollati, Paso de Averias.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF77FEE002DFFA34FE73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay and southernmost Brazil; not recorded from Argentina (Olrog and Lucero, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3DFF77FEE002DFFA34FE73.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Massoia (1980 a) referred Winge's (1887) Hesperomys molitor to Holochilus and noted its close resemblance to H. magnus; their relationship and status warrant additional study (also see Voss and Myers, 1991). Banded karyotypic comparisons of H. magnus and H. brasiliensis presented by Freitas et al. (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF020A91FC2CFC79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Sâo Francisco.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF020A91FC2CFC79.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Broad reaches of Orinoco and Amazon river basins: E and S Venezuela, Guianas, N and C Brazil, and Amazonian regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF020A91FC2CFC79.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Discrimination from H. brasiliensis documented by Massoia (1980 a, 1981), who raised sciureus to specific rank. Many forms swept under Hershkovitz's (1955 a) concept of brasiliensis actually belong to this " species, " which itself may be a composite. Reig (1986), for instance, listed amazonicus, guianae, and venezuelae as probable valid species, a taxonomy which should be given empirical testing (also see Aguilera and Perez-Zapata, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030F75FC6BFA66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Mérida, Sierra de Mérida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030F75FC6BFA66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030F75FC6BFA66.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The holotype may have originated from the vicinity of Mérida, 1600 - 1700 m (Voss, 1988). Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who retained nicefori and soderstromi as subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF010EABFC4BF98F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Aragua, Rancho Grande, near headwaters of Rio Limon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF010EABFC4BF98F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF010EABFC4BF98F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by four specimens from the Carribean Coastal Range of Venezuela. Taxonomy reviewed by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030D92FDDCF87D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., Chanchamayo, near Tarma, 923 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030D92FDDCF87D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030D92FDDCF87D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who retained orientalis as a subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF3408BEFA19FBAF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Ichthyomys stolzmanni Thomas, 1893.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF3408BEFA19FBAF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ichthyomyine. Revised by Voss (1988), who defined four species among the eight described taxa, and studied phylogenetic relationships.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030CA1FDFEF752.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Prov. El Oro, Portovelo, 615 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030CA1FDFEF752.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Ecuador and C Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF030CA1FDFEF752.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who placed caurinus in full synonymy.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF02028EFD2EF5A4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valdivia Prov., Fundo San Juan, near La Union.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF02028EFD2EF5A4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and S Chile, including Chiloe and Guaitecas Islands, and adjacent Argentina (Neuquen Prov.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF3503CBFC28F69C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus tarsalis Philippi, 1900.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF77FF3503CBFC28F69C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closest generic relatives obscure; usually grouped with phyllotines (Olds and Anderson, 1989; Vorontsov, 1959).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF76FF350184FD84FD50.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Megadontomys flavidus Bangs, 1902.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3AFF76FF350184FD84FD50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Species associated here were originally classified in Megadontomys, used either as a genus or as a subgenus of Peromyscus (Osgood, 1909). Isthmomys was later diagnosed as a subgenus of Peromyscus (Hooper and Musser, 1964 b) and maintained at this rank by Hooper (1968 b); accorded generic status by Carleton (1980, 1989). Sister-group relationship with Megadontomys proposed by Carleton (1980) but unsupported by chromosomal banding data (Stangl and Baker, 1984 b). Aspects of morphology considered by Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper and Musser (1964 b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974); karyology by Stangl and Baker (1984 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE709BDFC37FC40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE709BDFC37FC40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermediate elevations in W Panama (Chiriqui region) and on Azuero Peninsula (see Handley, 1966 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE709BDFC37FC40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Whether I. pirrensis is a junior synonym of I. flavidus, as opined by Hooper (1968 b), has yet to be assessed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE008CAFA2BFBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Mount Pirri, headwaters of Rio Limon, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE008CAFA2BFBB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Easternmost Panama and perhaps adjacent Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE30E29FD3CFA5A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Federal District, Brasilia, Parque Zoobotanico, 1030 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE30E29FD3CFA5A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FF150F75F9EFFAE5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FF150F75F9EFFAE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Little information available beyond original description; believed to be " an akodontine closely related to Oxymycterus and Lenoxus " (Reig, 1987: 361).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE30EC5FA6BF94A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pleistocene cave deposits near Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE30EC5FA6BF94A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE30EC5FA6BF94A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Moojen (1965) provisionally referred Winge's Oxymycterus vulpinus to Juscelinomys. The present existence of J. vulpinus in the region and its status with respect to J. candango invite attention (see Voss and Myers, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE10325FA61F6EA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, Pleistocene cave deposits near Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE10325FA61F6EA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated localities in NE Argentina and EC Brazil; range poorly documented.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE10325FA61F6EA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Avila-Pires (1972).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FF140DE0FD90F7F8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus tomentosus Lichtenstein, 1830.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FF140DE0FD90F7F8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Species formerly included in Scapteromys until set apart in Kunsia by Hershkovitz (1966 c), who arranged both genera in the scapteromyine " group, " which he viewed as closely related to oxymycterines. Formal tribal segregation of the two genera affirmed by Reig (1980). Karyology summarized by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE20234FAAAF58F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, southeastern area along the Rio Uruguay (as restricted by Hershkovitz, 1966 c: 120).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE20234FAAAF58F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Bolivia (Beni Prov.) and WC Brazil (Mato Grosso); Pleistocene cave samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF76FEE20234FAAAF58F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rare in collections; range inadequately known. See Massoia and Fornes (1965) and Hershkovitz (1966 c) for justification of synonymy.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF75FF1501AFF9C5FE68.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oxymycterus apicalis J. A. Allen, 1900.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF3BFF75FF1501AFF9C5FE68.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Viewed as closely related to Oxymycterus by Reig (1987), but electrophoretic data reveal Lenoxus as the most highly differentiated sister taxon to all other akodonts surveyed, including Oxymycterus (Patton et al., 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF020AB2FDCBFDA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., Valley of Rio Inambari, Santo Domingo Mine, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF020AB2FDCBFDA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest of E Andean slopes in SE Peru and W Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0F3BFC0CFAAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Distrito de Ixtlan, 13 mi NE Llano de las Flores, south slope Cerro Pelon, 9200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0F3BFC0CFAAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de Juarez, NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0F3BFC0CFAAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Named as a subspecies of Peromyscus thomasi. Citing morphological traits and genetic differentiation reported by Werbitsky and Kilpatrick (1987), Carleton (1989) arranged cryophilus as a species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF360983F8ABFBD7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Peromyscus thomasi Merriam, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF360983F8ABFBD7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Used variably as a genus until Osgood (1909) stabilized its taxonomic ranking as a subgenus of Peromyscus, and so followed by Hooper and Musser (1964 b) and Hooper (1968 b). Carleton (1980, 1989) viewed the relationships and differentiation of Megadontomys at the generic level (but see Rogers, 1983). Aspects of morphology studied by Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper and Musser (1964 b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974). Karyological affinities evaluated by Rogers (1983), Rogers et al. (1984), and Stangl and Baker (1984 b). Werbitsky and Kilpatrick (1987) reported relatively low levels of genetic similarity between the nominal forms.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF030E71FC0BF9B5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Jico, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF030E71FC0BF9B5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E slopes of Sierra Madre Oriental, from SE Hidalgo to C Veracruz, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF030E71FC0BF9B5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to a subspecies of Peromyscus thomasi by Musser (1964); reinstated to species rank by Carleton (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0D58FD13F8D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Guerrero, mountains near Chilpancingo, 9700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0D58FD13F8D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1D0D58FD13F8D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly encompassed cryophilus and nelsoni as subspecies (Musser, 1964); see above accounts.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1E03ECFC44F644.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lesser Antilles, Martinique.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1E03ECFC44F644.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1E03ECFC44F644.taxon	conservation	STATUS: Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1C02C9FD86F582.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lesser Antilles, Santa Lucia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1C02C9FD86F582.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF1C02C9FD86F582.taxon	conservation	STATUS: Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF300C5FFE76F722.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus desmarestii Fischer, 1829.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF75FF300C5FFE76F722.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Named as a subgenus of the all-inclusive Hesperomys but later associated with Oryzomys by Major (1901); typically recognized as an oryzomyine genus endemic to the Lesser Antilles (Ellerman, 1941; Hall, 1981; Tate, 1932 c). Closest mainland relative may be the poorly known Oryzomys hammondi of Ecuador (Ray, 1962). Both species are extinct but persisted perhaps until the late 1800 s (Ray, 1962; Woods, 1989 «).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF74FF3001A7FA83FD9A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys phaeopus Thomas, 1894 (= Hesperomys caliginosus Tomes, 1860).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF38FF74FF3001A7FA83FD9A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. A morphologically distinctive group usually arranged as a subgenus of Oryzomys since Goldman's (1918) revision (e. g., Tate, 1932 e; Ellerman, 1941; Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981). Allen (1913), however, provided morphological criteria, as contrasted to the type species (= Mus palustris) of Oryzomys, defending his retention of Melanomys as a genus; its synonymy in Oryzomys proper deserves more rigorous, character-based, phylogenetic substantiation. The taxon has not been revised; the nominal species listed stem from Cabrera (1961), who acknowledged his solely literature-based interpretation as provisional.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEF90986F91AFC50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Esmeraldas Prov., Esmeraldas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEF90986F91AFC50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C American lowlands from easternmost Honduras through Panama; in South America, N and W Colombia to extreme NW Venezuela and to SW Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEF90986F91AFC50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal complement described by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFA08BDFD4CFBC0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Morona-Zamora Prov., Gualaquiza, 2500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFA08BDFD4CFBC0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFA0F4AFD24FB36.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Lima Dept., Lomas de Atocongo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFA0F4AFD24FB36.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0D5EF955F88F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Pasco Dept., La Quinua, mountains north of Cerro de Pasco, 11,600 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0D5EF955F88F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0D5EF955F88F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosed as a subspecies of Oryzomys minutus but elevated to species by Hershkovitz (1940), who named two additional subspecies. Subspecific arrangement followed by Cabrera (1961) but none retained by Carleton and Musser (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0C93FBEDF72C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Prov., probably near Pallatanga.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0C93FBEDF72C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane forest from N Venezuela, through Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEFB0C93FBEDF72C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included altissimus as a subspecies by Osgood (1933 a), who also treated aurillus, humilior, and fulvirostris as subspecies. No races were deemed diagnosable by Carleton and Musser (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FF2C0FF3FBABF9CC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys minutus Tomes, 1860.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FF2C0FF3FBABF9CC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Named as a subgenus of Oryzomys and either retained as such (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1933 a) or placed in synonymy with Oligoryzomys (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932 e; Thomas, 1926 c). Junior synonymy of Thallomyscus established by Osgood (1933 a). Raised to genus by Carleton and Musser (1984) and later revised by them (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEF402F4FBEDF59A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Demerara River, 120 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FEF402F4FBEDF59A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guianas, S Venezuela, and N Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FF2D020AF9E1F628.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys spinosus Thomas, 1882.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF74FF2D020AF9E1F628.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Recent revisionary standard lacking other than regional review of Lawrence (1941) and faunal checklists (e. g., Handley, 1966 a, 1976; Husson, 1978). Traits for species recognition and distributional limits poorly delineated.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF6BFEF40182FDEFFE32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Cana, 1800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF6BFEF40182FDEFFE32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from easternmost Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF39FF6BFEF40182FDEFFE32.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cabrera (1961) allocated pictus to subspecific standing under N. tenuipes, and Handley (1966 a) concurred, but the relationship and status of this gracile form bear reexamination.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0ADDF973FD21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., Huambo, 3700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0ADDF973FD21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and W Brazil to Andean foothills and lowlands of E Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, probably including E Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0ADDF973FD21.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype compared to other oryzomyines by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0E09EDFB68FC17.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca Dept., Bogota region, Guaquimay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0E09EDFB68FC17.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and NC Colombia, N Venezuela, E Ecuador, and N Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0E09EDFB68FC17.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Named and recognized (e. g., Ellerman, 1941) as a subspecies of N. spinosus until elevated to specific status by Lawrence (1941).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0E4FF915F964.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Victoria County, Princes Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0E4FF915F964.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Island of Trinidad and nearby region of NE Venezuela: limits of distribution unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0D0E4FF915F964.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged by Hershkovitz (1944) as one of many subspecies of N. squamipes. Barros et al. (1992) reinstated palmipes to species based on its inordinately low diploid number (2 n = 16 - 17) as compared to other populations of Nectomys, which range from 2 n = 38 to 2 n = 59 (Barros et al., 1992; Gardner and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0F0DB6FBCFF8DA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Comte River, Cacao; 4 ° 35 ' N, 52 ° 28 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0F0DB6FBCFF8DA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF210F16FCCCFAC1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus squamipes Brants, 1827.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF210F16FCCCFAC1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. R. J. Baker et al. (1983 a) evaluated G-banded karyotypes of Nectomys with respect to other oryzomyines. Revised by Hershkovitz (1944), then including Sigmodontomys as a subgenus; Gardner and Patton (1976) urged removal of Sigmodontomys to Oryzomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0F0C44FAA0F692.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Säo Paulo, Säo Sebastiao (as restricted by Hershkovitz, 1944: 32).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0F0C44FAA0F692.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Basin of the Rios Magdalena and Cauca, NC Colombia; east of the Andes broadly distributed from Guianas, Venezuela, and E Colombia southwards to NE Argentina, Uruguay, and SE Brazil; sea level to 2000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF0F0C44FAA0F692.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz (1944) arrayed most nominal taxa of water rats as subspecies of N. squamipes, a view maintained by Cabrera (1961). Gardner and Patton (1976) intimated the mixed composition of squamipes; Reig (in Honacki et al., 1982; 1986) has offered enumerations of valid species and probable synonymies. Fullscale generic revision warranted. See Ernest (1986, Mammalian Species, 265).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF200289FD1DF55D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Nelsonia neotomodon Merriam, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF26FF6BFF200289FD1DF55D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Neotomine. Revised by Hooper (1954) and recently by Engstrom et al. (1992), who resurrected goldmani as a species distinct from N. neotomodon. Viewed as a basal member of clade including Neotoma and related genera (Carleton, 1980; Hooper, 1954, 1960). Phylogenetic significance of banded karyotype discussed by Engstrom and Bickham (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFA0A1BFDFBFE19.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Michoacan, Mount Tancitaro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFA0A1BFDFBFE19.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transverse Volcanic Range, from Colima and S Jalisco eastward through N Michoacan to N Mexico, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFA0904FD9FFD57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Zacatecas, mountains near Plateado, 8200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFA0904FD9FFD57.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Madre Occidental from S Durango to N Jalisco and Aguascalientes, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0E0FFE44F8D5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Arizona, Pima Co., vicinity of Fort Lowell, near Tucson.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0E0FFE44F8D5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme SE California to S Colorado to W Texas, USA, south to NE Michoacan and W Hidalgo, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0E0FFE44F8D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Subspecific taxonomy updated by Hall and Genoways (1970). Hybridization suspected with N. micropus in Colorado (Finley, 1958) and apparent intergradation of the two in Coahuila (Anderson, 19696). Closely related to N. floridana and N. micropus (Birney, 1976), the three considered semispecies by Zimmerman and Nejtek (1977). See Macêdo and Mares (1988, Mammalian Species, 310).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0C46FC76F7C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tamaulipas, 70 km (by highway) S Ciudad Victoria and 6 km W Panamerican Highway, El Carrizo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0C46FC76F7C4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Tamaulipas and adjacent San Luis Potosi, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEFB0C46FC76F7C4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Specific status maintained by Birney (1973) but level of relationship to N. micropus unclear.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF40349FC40F6B4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Todos Santos Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF40349FC40F6B4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF40349FC40F6B4.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF40349FC40F6B4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF50259FC41F5D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Cedros Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF50259FC41F5D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFEF50259FC41F5D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFF2C09D5F9F9FB03.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus floridana Ord, 1818.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF6AFF2C09D5F9F9FB03.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Neotomine. Revised by Goldman (1910), then including only Homodontomys, Teonoma, and the nominate subgenus. Burt and Barkalow (1942) established current subgeneric framework, also relegating Hodomys and Teanopus to subgenera. See Birney (1976) and Mascarello (1978) for modifications of species-group associations since Goldman (1910). Phylogenetic relationships of the genus considered by Hooper and Musser (1964 a) and Carleton (1980), who reinstated Hodomys as a genus (see above account); interspecific relationships evaluated by Carleton (1980) and Koop et al. (1985). Anatomical systems described by Arata (1964), Burt and Barkalow (1942), Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper (1960), and Howell (1926 a). Karyotypic variation and evolution assessed by Mascarello and Hsu (1976) and Koop et al. (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF69FEF50145F96AFEBB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Coronados Island, 26 ° 06 ' N, 111 ° 18 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF69FEF50145F96AFEBB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF69FEF50145F96AFEBB.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF27FF69FEF50145F96AFEBB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Likely conspecific with N. lepida (see Mascarello, 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0A66FDDAFDAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nicaragua, Matagalpa, Matagalpa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0A66FDDAFDAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Nicaragua, Honduras.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0A66FDDAFDAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Hall (1981) suggested that chrysomelas is conspecific with N. mexicana, a proposal that should be considered appropos of a much-needed revision of the latter.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF090976FE79FB95.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Montana, Cascade Co., Great Falls.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF090976FE79FB95.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Yukon and westernmost Northwest Territories, south through British Columbia and W Alberta, Canada, to NW USA, as far south as N New Mexico and Arizona and east to W Dakotas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF090976FE79FB95.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Teonoma. Independent evidence for sister-species relationship to N. fuscipes (Carleton, 1980; Koop et al., 1985) supports synonymy of Homodontomys under subgenus Teonoma, not subgenus Neotoma as enacted by Burt and Barkalow (1942).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0F7BFB24FA3B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Arizona, Painted Desert, Tanner Tank, 5200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0F7BFB24FA3B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC and S Utah, W Arizona, USA; NW Sonora, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0F7BFB24FA3B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Once ranked as a subspecies of N. lepida, from which several data sources support its specific-level divergence (Koop et al., 1985; Mascarello, 1978). Allocation of species-group synonyms requires further affirmation as does the delimitation of its geographic range.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0EE7FB8AF85E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Florida, Duval Co., St. Johns River, near Jacksonville.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0EE7FB8AF85E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC and E USA from EC Colorado to E Texas, eastwards along Appalachians to W Connecticut, and along gulf-coast states to S North Carolina and C Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0EE7FB8AF85E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as N. f. smalli.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0A0EE7FB8AF85E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Hybridization with N. micropus possible but introgression along narrow contact zone judged insubstantial (Birney, 1973). Birney (1976) noted that further study may reveal magister as genetically isolated from N. floridana. See Wiley (1980, Mammalian Species, 139).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0CC3FCA4F6E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Sonoma Co., Petaluma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0CC3FCA4F6E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Oregon through W and C California, USA, to N Baja California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0CC3FCA4F6E1.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable as N. f. riparia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B0CC3FCA4F6E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Teonoma (see account of N. cinerea). See Carraway and Verts (1991 a, Mammalian Species, 386).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B022CFCB7F63D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Coahuila, Saltillo, 5,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B022CFCB7F63D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Chihuahua to WC San Luis Potosi, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF69FF0B022CFCB7F63D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF68FF0B02E3FB50FE16.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, " Simpson's Route " between Camp Floyd (= Fairfield), Utah and Carson City, Nevada (as restricted by Goldman, 1932: 61).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF68FF0B02E3FB50FE16.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Oregon and SW Idaho, south through Nevada and S California, USA, to S Baja California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF24FF68FF0B02E3FB50FE16.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Aside from removal of N. devia, may still represent a composite of two species (see Mascarello, 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00AFBFC5CFD07.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, San Martin Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00AFBFC5CFD07.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00AFBFC5CFD07.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00AFBFC5CFD07.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00808FDF4FB25.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chihuahua, mountains near Chihuahua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00808FDF4FB25.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Utah and C Colorado, USA, southwards through W and interior Mexico, to highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and W Honduras.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF00808FDF4FB25.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Subspecies classification revised by Hall (1955). Specific homogeneity of included taxa doubtful. See Comely and Baker (1986, Mammalian Species, 262).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20FE8FA41F996.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tamaulipas, Charco Escondido.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20FE8FA41F996.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Colorado and SW Kansas through W Texas and most of New Mexico, USA; south in Mexico to N Chihuahua, E San Luis Potosi, and S Tamaulipas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20FE8FA41F996.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Limited hybridization documented with N. floridana in Oklahoma (Birney, 1973) and believed probable with N. albigula in Colorado (Finley, 1958) and Coahuila (Anderson, 1969 b); also see comments under N. albigula and N. floridana. See Braun and Mares (1989, Mammalian Species, 330).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20D7AFC0DF8B8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Perote, 7800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20D7AFC0DF8B8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20D7AFC0DF8B8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Affiliated with N. albigula but separate stature uncertain (see Hall and Genoways, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20C65FD6EF7C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Bolanos, 2800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20C65FD6EF7C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Jalisco, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF20C65FD6EF7C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Specific distinctiveness from N. albigula reasserted by Hall and Genoways (1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF2034FFA4AF6B1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, Rio Mayo, Camoa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF2034FFA4AF6B1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Sonora and NW Sinaloa, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF2034FFA4AF6B1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Teanopus. Type species of Teanopus, which was reduced to a subgenus by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Karyotype interpreted as highly derived (Koop et al., 1985). See Jones and Genoways (1978, Mammalian Species, 108).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF3025FFC22F589.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Arizona, Mohave Co., Hualapai Mtns., 6300 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF3025FFC22F589.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme SC Utah, N Arizona, and NW New Mexico, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF68FEF3025FFC22F589.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Morphological separation from N. lepida and geographic variation reviewed by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1960). See Jones and Hildreth (1989, Mammalian Species, 328).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF6FFF0C0194F8B3FE80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, Turner Island, 28 ° 43 ' N, 112 ° 19 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF6FFF0C0194F8B3FE80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF25FF6FFF0C0194F8B3FE80.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Neotoma. Affiliated with N. albigula (see Hall and Genoways, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF050829FC4AFB89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Michoacan, Nahuatzin, 8500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF050829FC4AFB89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Transvolcanica, Mexico, from WC Michoacan eastwards to C Veracruz.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF050829FC4AFB89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Williams and Ramirez-Pulido's (1984) evaluation of geographic variation disclosed no basis for subspecific divisions. See Williams et al. (1985, Mammalian Species, 242, as Peromyscus alstoni).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF3E0AA6FC58FCE5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neotomodon alstoni Merriam, 1898.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF3E0AA6FC58FCE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Conventionally ranked as a genus, later judged closely related to Peromyscus sensu lato (Hooper and Musser, 1964 b). Synonymy as a subgenus of Peromyscus advocated by Yates et al. (1979) and J. C. Patton et al. (1981), whereas Carleton (1980, 1989) retained Neotomodon as a genus. Various kinds of evidence suggest the phyletic association of Neotomodon, Podomys, and perhaps Habromys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Linzey and Layne, 1969; J. C. Patton et al., 1981; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF040EBFF9D2F929.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., Vitoc Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF040EBFF9D2F929.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of C Peru (Junin), south through northernmost Chile and W Bolivia, to NW Argentina; above 3350 m. Argentine locality records summarized by Barquez (1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF040EBFF9D2F929.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sanborn (1947 a) reduced vulturnus to a subspecies of N. ebriosus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF380FAEFCD3FA6D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neotomys ebriosus Thomas, 1894.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF380FAEFCD3FA6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Sanborn (1947 a); distribution augmented by Pine et al. (1979). Although grouped with sigmodont rodents by Hershkovitz (1955 a), other studies have convincingly linked the genus with phyllotines (Olds and Anderson, 1989; Pearson and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060343F91EF71A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Galapagos Archipelago, Santa Cruz Island, Academia Bay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060343F91EF71A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Santa Cruz (= Indefatigable) Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060343F91EF71A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Probably extinct, last recorded in 1930 (see Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060207FD23F605.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Galapagos Archipelago, Fernandina Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060207FD23F605.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF060207FD23F605.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type material recovered from fresh owl pellets. Believed closely related to N. darwini; sympatric with N. indefessus narboroughi on Fernandina Island (see Hutterer and Hirsch, 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF380C01F8A9F7DF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Nesoryzomys narboroughi Heller, 1904 (= Oryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6FFF380C01F8A9F7DF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Realigned as a subgenus of Oryzomys by Ellerman (1941), following the comments of Goldman (1918). Morphological, genic, and karyological information, however, sustains the generic separation of Nesoryzomys (Beaufort, 1963; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983) and intimates that the group is an old Galapagos immigrant, originating ca. 3 - 3.5 mya (see Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6EFF050116FA8DFDC8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Galapagos Archipelago, Santa Cruz Island, Academia Bay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6EFF050116FA8DFDC8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Santa Cruz, Baltra (= South Seymour), and Fernandina (= Narborough) islands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF22FF6EFF050116FA8DFDC8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Patton and Hafner (1983: 539) recommended that indefessus, narboroughi, and swarthi are " best considered races of a single species, which differ primarily in pelage color. " Their analyses sustain this conclusion with regard to indefessus and narboroughi but not the craniodental differentiation of N. swarthi. N. i. indefessus is probably extinct, none documented since 1934 (see Patton and Hafner, 1983). Populations of N. i. narboroughi on Fernandina Island, which lacks commensal Rattus and Mus, appear stable (see Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF0F0954FCA7FC6D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Galapagos Archipelago, San Salvador Island, Sullivan Bay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF0F0954FCA7FC6D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from San Salvador (= James, Santiago) Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF0F0954FCA7FC6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status viewed as a insular race of N. indefessus by Patton and Hafner (1983), but Orr (1938) underscored the trenchant diagnostic traits that separate N. swarthi from both N. indefessus and narboroughi. Remnant populations thought to exist as of 1965 (see Peterson, 1966 b); recent efforts have uncovered only Rattus and Mus (see Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF2208CDFCF1FB6A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Neusticomys monticolus Anthony, 1921.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF2208CDFCF1FB6A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ichthyomyine. Phylogenetic relationships studied by Voss (1988), who allocated Daptomys as a full synonym.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080FB4FAFFFAA4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Nono Farm " San Francisco, " 10,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080FB4FAFFFAA4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Colombia and Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080FB4FAFFFAA4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080E68FBA7F9CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Edo. Tachira, 14 km SE Pregonero, Rio Potosi, Paso Hondo, 1050 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080E68FBA7F9CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080E68FBA7F9CF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The two known specimens represent the least aquatically specialized ichthyomyine species described thus far.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF090D52FCB1F8BF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Trois-Sauts, near the banks of the Oyapock River; 02 ° 10 ' N, 53 ° 11 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF090D52FCB1F8BF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF090D52FCB1F8BF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The single known specimen was originally referred to Daptomys. Maintained as a species by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080C63FCB2F7C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Depto. Loreto, Balta, 300 m; 10 ° 08 ' S, 17 ° 13 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080C63FCB2F7C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF080C63FCB2F7C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The single known specimen was originally referred to Daptomys. Maintained as a species by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF09034AFE7EF6B7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Edo. Sucre, 24 km W Cumanacoa, headwaters of Rio Never!, 2400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF09034AFE7EF6B7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela and Guyana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF09034AFE7EF6B7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Daptomys, considered a junior synonym of Neusticomys by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF230276FD62F5CE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Notiomys edwardsii Thomas, 1890.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6EFF230276FD62F5CE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Alpha systematics revised by Osgood (1925), who viewed Chelemys and Geoxus as synonyms (see comments under those genera and in Pearson, 1984, and Reig, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6DFF090150FE61FE5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., south of Santa Cruz, near 50 ° S latitude.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6DFF090150FE61FE5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Argentina, from Rio Negro Prov. to Santa Cruz Prov.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF23FF6DFF090150FE61FE5D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known by only six specimens; morphology and habits amplified by Pearson (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF240ADAFB63FCD5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys sumichrasti Saussure, 1860.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF240ADAFB63FCD5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Middle American endemic of enigmatic phyletic position. Placed with thomasomyine group of South American sigmodontines by Hershkovitz (1944, 1962); others have disputed the association with thomasomyines, instead suggesting distant kinship to neotomine-peromyscines or a cladistic origin prior to both North and South American sigmodontines (Arata, 1964; Carleton, 1980; Haiduk et al., 1988; Hooper and Musser, 1964 a; Voss and Linzey, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0D0839FC53FB47.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Uvero, 20 km NW Santiago Tuxtla (as restricted by Alvarez, 1963 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0D0839FC53FB47.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Jalisco and S Veracruz, Mexico, south to C Panama, excluding the Yucatan Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0D0839FC53FB47.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Standard and banded karyotypes described by Lee and Elder (1977) and Haiduk et al. (1988), respectively.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0C0D1DFC09F8CE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Virginia, Norfolk Co., Norfolk.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0C0D1DFC09F8CE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Missouri across to S Virginia, south to E Texas, the Gulf coast, and C Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF0C0D1DFC09F8CE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subspecific classification revised by Packard (1969). See Linzey and Packard (1977, Mammalian Species, 75).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF270FE6FCA4F9F1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Arvicola nuttalli Harlan, 1832.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF270FE6FCA4F9F1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although diagnosed as a subgenus of Peromyscus, the distant kinship and generic segregation of Ochrotomys have been repeatedly sustained (Blair, 1942; Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Patton and Hsu, 1967). A peromyscine, but this conventional placement has been questioned (see Engstrom and Bickham, 1982; Carleton, 1989: 115).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF200C6DFB8DF576.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rhipidomys benevolens Thomas, 1901 (= Hesperomys bicolor Tomes, 1860).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6DFF200C6DFB8DF576.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Oryzomys to segregate arboreal, pencil-tailed sigmodontines with a long palate from Rhipidomys, under which many of the species included here were first described. Thereafter treated alternatively as a subgenus of Oryzomys (Ellerman, 1941; Goldman, 1918) or as full genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Thomas, 1917 c) until Hershkovitz's (1960) revision stabilized its ranking as a subgenus (e. g., Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981). Systematists have recently acknowledged the morphological and karyotypic distinctiveness of Oecomys at the generic level (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1984, 1986), but this recognition as yet lacks convincing substantiation from a phylogenetic perspective. Revised by Hershkovitz (1960), who consolidated some 25 species (e. g., Ellerman, 1941) into the two species bicolor and concolor. Although this gross underestimation of the species diversity within Oecomys has been intimated by other authors (e. g., Gardner and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1986), it has yet to be documented within a taxonomic revision. The species identified here issue from our revision in progress; we are confident that all of these will stand as valid yet some, such as O. trinitatis, are undoubtedly composites even now.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6CFF0F0198FCE1FE3E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Morona-Santiago Prov., Gualaquiza, Rio Gualaquiza, 885 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF20FF6CFF0F0198FCE1FE3E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Panama to W Colombia and Ecuador; Venezuela, Guianas, N and C Brazil; Amazonian drainage of E Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF50AE3FBB9FD41.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Federal District, Universidade de Brasilia, Fazenda Agua Limpa; 45 ° 54 ' W, 15 ° 57 ' S.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF50AE3FBB9FD41.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF50AE3FBB9FD41.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allied to O. bicolor, or O. paricola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF509CDFD55FC66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Curicuriari, a tributary of the upper Rio Negro, below Säo Gabriel.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF509CDFD55FC66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela, NW Brazil north of Amazon, E Colombia, and N Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF508B7FD79FB8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Mérida, Mérida, 1600 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF508B7FD79FB8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal Range and Cordillera de Mérida of N and W Venezuala, west to Sierra de Santa Marta of NE Columbia, perhaps including the Cordillera Oriental.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60F91FB31FAE2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., upper Rio Mamore, Mosetenes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60F91FB31FAE2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Bolivia, N Paraguay, and WC Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60E2CFD30FA3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Parâ, Igarape-Assu, 50 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60E2CFD30FA3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Venezuela, Guianas, and N and C Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60EE0FBCBF993.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., upper Rio Inambari, Sagrario, 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60EE0FBCBF993.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Eastern slopes of Peruvian Andes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF50D7FFDC8F8BB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Demerara Dist., Rio Supinaam.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF50D7FFDC8F8BB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme E Venezuela, Guianas, and NE Brazil north of the Amazon (Amapa and Amazonas).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60C59FC8AF7DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Santa Anna de Chapada, 800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60C59FC8AF7DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela, Guianas, and Amazonian region of N Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60341FB0CF733.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Mazaruni-Potaro Dist., Kartabo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF60341FB0CF733.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF603DEFC8EF689.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Princes Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF603DEFC8EF689.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Savannahs of NE Colombia, C and N Venezuela, and Trinidad.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF70292FD64F5C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Rio Bobonaza, Canelos, 2100 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF6CFEF70292FD64F5C4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lower Andean slopes and foothills of E Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF63FEF60156FB40FE70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Princes Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF21FF63FEF60156FB40FE70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical rainforests from SW Costa Rica to SE Brazil, including Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago; E Andean slopes of WE Colombia to SC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E0F0BFADAFB40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, La Libertad Dept., upper Rio Chicama, Hacienda Liagueda, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E0F0BFADAFB40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Peru and WC Bolivia; geographic and altitudinal limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E0F0BFADAFB40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0FCAFA77FA83.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Lambayeque Dept., Eten, 10 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0FCAFA77FA83.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Arid and semiarid coastal plain of Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0FCAFA77FA83.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Level of relationship to O. fulvescens warrants clarification.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF270AA9FDEBFC05.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys navus Bangs, 1900 (= Hesperomys fulvescens Saussure, 1860).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF270AA9FDEBFC05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Described as a subgenus of Oryzomys and usually recognized as such (Ellerman, 1941; Hall, 1981; Tate, 1932 e) or as a genus (Contreras and Berry, 1983; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), with Microryzomys as a full synonym (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932 e) or not (Cabrera, 1961). Diagnosis emended at the generic level by Carleton and Musser (1989). Species-level revisions required: estimates range from one (Hershkovitz, 1966 c) to 30 (Tate, 1932 e), usually around 12 (Cabrera, 1961). Regional studies have recorded three or four species in sympatry or parapatry (Contreras and Berry, 1983; Massoia, 1973; Myers and Carleton, 1981; Olds and Anderson, 1987). Karyology of many species presented in Espinosa and Reig (1991), Gallardo and Patterson (1985), Gardner and Patton (1976), and Myers and Carleton (1981). The species recognized here observe the preliminary review of Carleton and Musser (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0D0E80FD5CF90E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Boqueron Dept., km 419 along Trans Chaco Hwy, northwest of Villa Hayes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0D0E80FD5CF90E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Dryer habitats of W Paraguay, SE Bolivia, WC Brazil, and N Argentina. May be more broadly distributed in cerrado and caatinga habitats in SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0D0E80FD5CF90E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Myers and Carleton (1981); morphometric variation by Myers and Carleton (1981) and Olds and Anderson (1987). Status with regard to O. andinus unresolved.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0C10FA7EF862.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Delta del Parana, Isla Ella, 1 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0C10FA7EF862.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0CADF8D9F73D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0CADF8D9F73D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of S Colombia, through Ecuador and Peru, to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F0CADF8D9F73D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as Oryzomys longicaudatus variant (4). As discussed by Hershkovitz (1940: 81), Tschudi's specimens may have originated from haciendas along the Rio Chinchao, Huanuco Dept., Peru, 900 - 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F03E3F917F647.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, São Paulo, Ytarare.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F03E3F917F647.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0F03E3F917F647.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Perhaps conspecific with O. nigripes (see Myers and Carleton, 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E02CDFC81F537.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay, Maldonado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E02CDFC81F537.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina (south to Chubut Prov.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2EFF63FF0E02CDFC81F537.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal variation reported and taxonomic implications discussed by Sbalqueiro et al. (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF10A29FAE7FD50.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Orizaba (as restricted by Merriam, 1901: 295).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF10A29FAE7FD50.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and E versants of S Mexico, through Mesoamerica, to Ecuador, northernmost Brazil, and Guianas in South America.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF10A29FAE7FD50.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: All Central American forms retained as subspecies (see Hall, 1981). Variable karyotypic descriptions intimate that more than one species occurs among the listed synonyms (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Haiduk et al., 1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF109BAFC4DFC47.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Tachira, upper Rio Tachira, west of Paramo de Tama, 6000 - 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF109BAFC4DFC47.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tachira Andes of W Venezuela and Cordillera Oriental of E Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF109BAFC4DFC47.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: As noted by Osgood (1912), this distinctive form contrasts sharply with neighboring populations of O. fulvescens (e. g., navus and tenuipes) and instead resembles O. vegetus of W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF208CBFE62FA19.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Valparaiso Prov. (as suggested by Osgood, 1943: 143).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF208CBFE62FA19.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC to S Andes, approximately to 50 ° S latitude, of Chile and Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF208CBFE62FA19.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly encompassed most Andean populations of Oligoryzomys (see Cabrera, 1961). Morphometric variation among Chilean populations investigated by Gallardo and Palma (1990), who placed philippii in full synonymy with O. longicaudatus and removed magellanicus to specific status. Relationships and level of divergence from allopatric forms like O. destructor and O. nigripes warrant study (see Carleton and Musser, 1989). Attribution of numerous Philippi (1900) epithets follows Osgood (1943).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF20D04FC1FF909.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Magallanes Prov., Straits of Magellan, Port Famine.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF20D04FC1FF909.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Patagonian region of Chile and Argentina, including Tierra del Fuego.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF20D04FC1FF909.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotypic, morphometric, and phallic differention from O. longicaudatus supports the specific recognition of O. magellanicus (Gallardo and Palma, 1990; Gallardo and Patterson, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF30C14FA63F7C5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonas, lower Rio Solimôes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF30C14FA63F7C5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Brazil south of Rios Solimöes-Amazon, and contiguous lowlands of Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FEF30C14FA63F7C5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as Oryzomys longicaudatus variant (2) and by Myers and Carleton (1981) as Oryzomys fornesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C034BFA87F61E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Paraguari Dept., Ybycui National Park, 85 km SSE Atyra (as restricted by Myers and Carleton, 1981: 14).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C034BFA87F61E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Paraguay and N Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C034BFA87F61E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Neotype designated, diagnosis emended, and karyotype described by Myers and Carleton (1981). Distributional extent unclear; relationship to allopatric forms such as eliurus and longicaudatus warrants investigation. Myers and Carleton (1981) recommended that Mus longitarsus Rengger, 1830, which could apply to either O. microtis or O. nigripes, be considered a nomen dubium.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C0102FB3BF50F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C0102FB3BF50F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Westernmost Panama; limits uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2FFF62FF0C0102FB3BF50F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to a subspecies of O. fulvescens by Goldman (1918) and so arranged thereafter (e. g., Hall, 1981). Bangs (1902), however, correctly recognized the sympatry of his new species with O. fulvescens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020A33FC5CFD71.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lesser Antilles, Saint Vincent.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020A33FC5CFD71.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020A33FC5CFD71.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Earlier classifications listed O. victus as an Oryzomys of uncertain affinity (Ellerman, 1941; Goldman, 1918), and Hall and Kelson (1959) erroneously placed it with their “ tectus group " (= Oecomys). Thomas (1898 a) and later Ray (1962) emphasized its alliance with species of Oligoryzomys. Known only by the holotype; presumably extinct (see Ray, 1962).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF030F38FA75F9C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, El Paso Co., 6 mi above El Paso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF030F38FA75F9C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Chihuahuan Desert: SE Arizona, SC New Mexico, and W Texas, USA, south into C Mexico, to Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, and W Tamaulipas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF030F38FA75F9C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in full synonymy of O. t. torridus by Hollister (1914). Sympatry with O. torridus and karyotypic discrimination reported by Hinesley (1979), who raised O. arenicola to species — also see Baker et al. (1979). Sullivan et al. (1986) and Riddle and Honneycutt (1990) viewed O. leucogaster and O. arenicola as sister taxa. Specimenbased documentation of geographic range and synonymy of species-group taxa provisionally associated here under O. arenicola highly welcomed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF3409A9FCB7FBD7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hypudaeus leucogaster Wied-Neuwied, 1841.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF3409A9FCB7FBD7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Revised by Hollister (1914). Chromosomal evolution among three species investigated by Baker et al. (1979), allozymic differentiation by Sullivan et al. (1986), and mitochondrial-DNA phylogeny by Riddle and Honeycutt (1990); historical biogeography interpreted by Riddle and Honeycutt (1990); affinity of Recent and fossil forms evaluated by Carleton and Eshelman (1979). Phyletic affinity to other sigmodontine genera assessed by Carleton (1980), Hooper and Musser (1964 b), and Stangl and Baker (1984 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020D4CFA56F7E7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, North Dakota, Oliver Co., Mandan village near Fort Clark.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020D4CFA56F7E7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Alberta, Saskatchewan, and SW Manitoba, Canada, south through Great Plains and Great Basin region of USA, to N Tamaulipas, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF020D4CFA56F7E7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic variation and subspecific taxonomy reviewed for central Great Plains (Engstrom and Choate, 1979) and for Great Basin region (Riddle and Choate, 1986). Biogeographic scenario of intraspecific differentiation developed by Riddle and Choate (1986). See McCarty (1978, Mammalian Species, 87).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF02032BF886F68A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Arizona, Graham Co., Camp Grant.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF02032BF886F68A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C California, S Nevada, and extreme SW Utah, USA, south to N Baja California, W Sonora, and northernmost Sinaloa, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF61FF02032BF886F68A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under O. arenicola. See McCarty (1975, Mammalian Species, 59, including arenicola). Hollander and Willig (1992) described the Sinoloan knoxjonesi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF60FF3402A0FB3AFDA2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus palustris Harlan, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2CFF60FF3402A0FB3AFDA2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. A taxonomically complex and nomenclaturally confused group whose generic definition was successively broadened by Goldman (1918), Tate (1932 d, e), and Ellerman (1941). By the time of Cabrera (1961), the genus embraced as subgenera Melanomys, Microryzomys, Nesoryzomys, Oecomys, and Oligoryzomys — an agglomeration of taxa perhaps as evolutionarily divergent from one another and from Oryzomys sensu stricto as Neacomys and Nectomys, forms traditionally accorded generic status (see Carleton and Musser, 1989: 52). Others have recognized all of these or various ones as genera (e. g., Thomas, 1917 c; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1986), as we do here; see appropriate generic accounts for taxonomic histories. Karyotypic information for many species supplied by R. J. Baker et al. (1983 a), Gardner and Patton (1976), and Haiduk et al. (1979); for morphological surveys, see Carleton (1973,1980), Hooper and Musser (1964 a), and Voss and Linzey (1981). Much basic alpha-revision yet required.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0A096EFA78FAF1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Prov., Pallatanga, 4950 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0A096EFA78FAF1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane forests of N and W Venezuela, easternmost Panama, Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, to N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0A096EFA78FAF1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz's (1944) footnoted listing of specific synonyms of O. albigularis set the precedent for Cabrera's (1961) arrangement of the South American forms as subspecies, a viewpoint reiterated in regional studies (e. g., Handley, 1966 a, 1976). Gardner and Patton (1976) demonstrated the composite nature of Hershkovitz's (1944) and Cabrera's (1961) concept of albigularis; however, the determination of priority and refinement of distributions require much museum-based research. Here we tentatively follow the taxonomy of Gardner and Patton (1976) and Patton et al. (1990) and recognize O. auriventer, O. devius, O. keaysi, and O. levipes as separate species (see those accounts). Gardner and Patton (1976) reassociated Cabrera's (1961) name-combination O. a. boliviae as a junior synonym of O. nitidus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0B0E1DFBD5F8FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Alajuela Prov., San Carlos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0B0E1DFBD5F8FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowland to lower montane forests from S Tamaulipas and Oaxaca, Mexico, through Middle America, to W Colombia and Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF0B0E1DFBD5F8FE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Goldman (1918) forged a broad definition of the species, expanded more so by Hall and Kelson (1959), which encompassed many forms previously treated as distinct (e. g., Merriam, 1901). We recognize chapmani, rhabdops, and saturatior as species (revision in progress). Oryzomys alfaroi proper may be more closely related to melanotis-rostratus than to the chapmani-saturatior group. Karyotype reported by Haiduk et al. (1979) and Engstrom (1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF040C20FCDAF7EC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Tungurahua Prov., upper Rio Pastaza, Mirador, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF040C20FCDAF7EC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Ecuador and N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF040C20FCDAF7EC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A subspecies of O. albigularis sensu Cabrera (1961); considered distinct by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF04033EFB6BF6F6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza Prov., upper Rio Pastaza, Mirador, 1500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF04033EFB6BF6F6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E and S Ecuador, N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF04033EFB6BF6F6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationships obscure; range extent uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF050218F993F562.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Bolivar Prov., Porvenir, 1800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF050218F993F562.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowland evergreen forest from E Honduras, through E Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, to W Colombia and W Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2DFF60FF050218F993F562.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Names conventionally applied to this species include bombycinus, as reviewed by Pine (1971), and rivularis, as discussed by Gardner and Patton (1976). Priority of bolivaris presented by Musser and Gardner (in litt.), who summarized the morphological variation and geographic distribution of the species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170A36FBF5FD09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Caraguatay Dept., 45 km east of Asunción, Atyra.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170A36FBF5FD09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Paraguay and NE Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170A36FBF5FD09.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Level of differentiation from O. subflavus of E Brazil requires study. Hershkovitz (1959 a) mistakenly included O. ratticeps within O. buccinatus, but the two species co-occur in E Paraguay (Cabrera, 1961; Myers, 1982). As with other names based on Azara's (1801) characterizations, the clear fixation of this name to a species morphology and the proper usage of angouya Fischer, 1814, versus buccinatus Olfers, 1818, should be formally established.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170814FD58F9F2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, San Ignacio Guazu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170814FD58F9F2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela and Guianas, Brazil and Amonzonian regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170814FD58F9F2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomic understanding of this species embroiled by the infelicitous footnote of Hershkovitz (1960: 544), who suggested the synonymy of some 20 taxa under O. capito, an opinion expanded by Cabrera (1961) and followed by other authors (e. g., Handley, 1966 a, 1976). The extremeness of this viewpoint was seriously challenged by the karyotypic study of Gardner and Patton (1976); as a result, the following forms considered synonyms by Hershkovitz (1960) and / or Cabrera (1961) are now acknowledged as distinct species or as synonyms of other species (see separate accounts): O. intermedius, O. legatus, O. macconnelli, O. nitidus, O. oniscus, rivularis (of O. bolivaris), O. talamancae, and O. yunganus. As with other names based on Azara's (1801) characterizations, the clear fixation of this name to a species morphology and the proper usage of megacephalus Fischer, 1814, versus capito Olfers, 1818, should be formally established.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170D1CFB3AF815.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Jalapa, 4400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170D1CFB3AF815.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest elevations of Cordillera Oriental (Tamaulipas to Veracruz), Sistema Montanosa (N Oaxaca), and Sierra Madre del Sur (S Oaxaca and Guerrero), Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF67FF170D1CFB3AF815.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to a subspecies of O. alfaroi by Goldman (1918). Goodwin (1969) recognized caudatus as distinct from O. alfaroi in N Oaxaca, but, as earlier arranged by Merriam (1901), O. chapmani has priority for this Mexican species. We view O. saturatior as the vicariant relative of O. chapmani (revision in progress). Karyotype reported, as O. caudatus, by Haiduk et al. (1979).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF66FF170CFBFCEFFE84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz Dept., Coban.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF66FF170CFBFCEFFE84.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme S Texas, USA; Mexico, excluding NC plateau region, south through most of Central America, to NW Colombia (see Hershkovitz, 1987 a); including Jamaica and Isla Cozumel.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2AFF66FF170CFBFCEFFE84.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Retained as a species by Goldman (1918) until Hall (1960) considered it only subspecifically distinct from O. palustris. Benson and Gehlbach (1979) returned O. couesi to specific status based on morphological contrasts with O. p. texensis in supposed area of intergradation. Karyotype reported by Benson and Gehlbach (1979) and Haiduk et al. (1979); morphometric comparisons to O. palustris by Humphrey and Setzer (1989). Following Hall's (1960) example, other insular or localized subspecies — namely, antillarum, azuerensis, cozumelae, fulgens, gatunensis, and peninsulae (see Handley, 1966 a; Hershkovitz, 1971; Jones and Lawlor, 1965) — were swept under O. palustris. They are here included in O. couesi because of geographic proximity, but their placement, together with other Central American populations referred to O. couesi, should be critically reviewed.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0C0A89FD5DFD28.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0C0A89FD5DFD28.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of Costa Rica and westernmost Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0C0A89FD5DFD28.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Maintained as a species until relegated to synonymy under O. albigularis by Handley (1966 a), emulating the treatment of South American albigularis-like forms by Cabrera (1961). Gardner (1983 a), however, continued to rank devius as a species. The status of devius must be evaluated within a revisionary context of the entire albigularis complex.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D09F5FB49FB9B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nicaragua, Zelaya Dept., Rio Escondido, 7 mi below Rama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D09F5FB49FB9B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Nicaragua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D09F5FB49FB9B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Nectomys and included therein as incertae sedis by Hershkovitz (1944). Later designated as the type species of Micronectomys, subgenus Oryzomys, by Hershkovitz (19486), who afterwards (1970 b) acknowledged the taxon as an nomen nudum (also see Pine and Wetzel, 1975: 653). Morphological features resemble those of the O. couesi-palustris complex (Hershkovitz, 1970 b). Only two specimens known (see Jones and Engstrom, 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D0F86FBC1FA06.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Chatham Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D0F86FBC1FA06.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: San Cristobal (= Chatham) and Sante Fe (= Barrington) islands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0D0F86FBC1FA06.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cabrera (1961) assigned bauri as a synonym of O. galapagoensis, an action more fully documented by Patton and Hafner (1983). Related to Oryzomys xantheolus complex on mainland South America (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983). Extirpated from San Cristobal Isl but populations (O. g. bauri) still inhabit Sante Fe Isl (see Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0D09FD58F8F0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Antioquia Dept., basin of Rio Atrato, Loma Teguerre, just below and opposite Sautata (Choco), 1 m; 7 ° 54 ' N, 77 ° W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0D09FD58F8F0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0D09FD58F8F0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by the holotype; related to O. couesi and O. palustris (see Hershkovitz, 1971).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0C19FCF1F766.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha Prov., Mindo, 4213 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0C19FCF1F766.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E0C19FCF1F766.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a species of Nectomys and included therein as incertae sedis by Hershkovitz (1944). Later designated as the type species of Macruroryzomys, subgenus Oryzomys, by Hershkovitz (1948 b), who afterwards (1970 b) acknowledged the taxon as a nomen nudum (also see Pine and Wetzel, 1975: 653). Distributional limits poorly definded and affinities obscure, perhaps related to the extirpated Antillean form Megalomys (Ray, 1962).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E03A8F915F655.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Antioquia Dept., 8 km E Medellin, Santa Elena, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E03A8F915F655.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF66FF0E03A8F915F655.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distinctive species of uncertain affinities, variously associated with O. balneator or Melanomys (Gyldenstolpe, 1932), with Nectomys (Ellerman, 1941), or with subgenus Oryzomys (Cabrera, 1961). Such a diversity of opinion begs renewed study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF65FF0F02B8FD7FFE5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Taquara do Mundo Novo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF65FF0F02B8FD7FFE5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, and NE Argentina (fide Massoia, 1975).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF2BFF65FF0F02B8FD7FFE5D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Classified as a subspecies of O. capito by Cabrera (1961) although its distinction from laticeps (= O. capito) was earlier maintained by Moojen (1952). Gardner and Patton (1976) perceived the closer kinship of intermedius to O. nitidus and suggested their synonymy. Oryzomys intermedius, O. legatus, O. macconnelli, and O. nitidus form a closely-related complex whose interrelationships, specific stature, and distributions deserve investigation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000AC1FE45FD4F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., valley of upper Rio Inambari, Inca Mines, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000AC1FE45FD4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane rainforest of E Peruvian Andes.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000AC1FE45FD4F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A subspecies of O. albigularis sensu Cabrera (1961). Genetically divergent from O. albigularis and O. levipes; contiguously allopatric to the latter (see Patton et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0109D0FA35FC88.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Alem Paraiba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0109D0FA35FC88.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0109D0FA35FC88.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status with regard to O. intermedius needs investigation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000895FBA8FB79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, along Rio Jordao, a small tributary of the Rio Paranaiba, 700 - 900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000895FBA8FB79.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000895FBA8FB79.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status and distributional extent unknown; allied to O. intermedius according to Thomas (1901 b) and Gyldenstolpe (1932).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010FA5F9EFFA1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Tarija Dept., Carapari, 1000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010FA5F9EFFA1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes of SC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010FA5F9EFFA1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered conspecific with O. capito by Hershkovitz (1960) and Cabrera (1961). Gardner and Patton (1976) viewed legatus as a probable synonym of O. nitidus, to which it appears closely related. Retained here as a species following the study of Massoia (1975; also Mares et al., 1989 b) and pending determination of its status with regard to O. nitidus and O. intermedius (see comments therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000D01FE46F90C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., Limbane, 2200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000D01FE46F90C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest of SE Peru to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF000D01FE46F90C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Synonymized under O. albigularis keaysi by Cabrera (1961). Genetically divergent from and altitudinally parapatric to O. keaysi in Peru (see Patton et al., 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010C1EFDD5F77C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Demerara Dist., Rio Supinaam, a tributary of the Lower Essequibo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010C1EFDD5F77C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowlands of SC Colombia, E Ecuador and Peru, east to S Venezuela, Guianas, and N Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF010C1EFDD5F77C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in O. capito by Hershkovitz (1960) but retained as species by Cabrera (1961). Morphological and karyotypic basis for species recognition reinforced by Pine (1973 b), Gardner and Patton (1976), and Husson (1978) (see comments under O. intermedius).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0103AFF8A6F5EE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Mineral San Sebastian.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0103AFF8A6F5EE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Low to intermediate elevations of W Mexico, from S Sinaloa to SW Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF65FF0103AFF8A6F5EE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Goldman (1918), who recognized melanotis and rostratus as separate species within a melanotis species group. Hooper (1953) viewed the geographic complementarity of the two as a subspecific pattern, and so recognized by Hall and Kelson (1959) and Hall (1981). Engstrom (1984) returned rostratus to a separate species based on a robust variety of data interpreted within a zoogeographic context.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF64FF010130FB6DFE3E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Nayarit, Maria Madre Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF64FF010130FB6DFE3E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF64FF010130FB6DFE3E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct?	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF28FF64FF010130FB6DFE3E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by 4 specimens of the type series. Allied to O. couesi, under which Hershkovitz (1971) listed it as a subspecies. Others (Goldman, 1918; Hall, 1981) have maintained it as a species in view of its unique differentiation from mainland O. palustris. Presumed to be extinct (see Wilson, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF00AE3FDC6FC5E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., valley of Rio Tulumayo, 10 km S San Ramon, Amable Maria, 2000 ft (as located by Gardner and Patton, 1976: 42).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF00AE3FDC6FC5E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowland rain forest of E Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and WC Brazil (Mato Grosso).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF00AE3FDC6FC5E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species formerly included in O. capito sensu Cabrera (1961) or affiliated with O. alfaroi by Hershkovitz (1966 c). Gardner and Patton (1976) provided karyotypic and morphological evidence justifying the specific distinction of O. nitidus from both and listed boliviae, intermedius, and legatus as likely synonyms (see remarks under O. intermedius).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF108C1F99CFB67.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco, Sâo Lorenzo, 50 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF108C1F99CFB67.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF108C1F99CFB67.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged as a subspecies of O. capito by Cabrera (1961). Although closely related to O. capito, this form is specifically distinct (Moojen, 1952).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF20FA8FA81F887.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, New Jersey, Salem Co., " Fastland, " near Salem.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF20FA8FA81F887.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE USA: SE Kansas to E Texas, eastwards to S New Jersey and peninsular Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF20FA8FA81F887.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered in the Lower Florida Keys (west of the Seven Mile Bridge) as O. p. natator; IUCN - Indeterminate as O. argentatus in Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FEF20FA8FA81F887.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included couesi and related forms as subspecies (see account of O. couesi). Geographic variation evaluated by Humphrey and Setzer (1989), who acknowledged the nominate and one other subspecies, O. p. natator. The status of argentatus has oscillated recently: described as a species from the Florida Keys by Spitzer and Lazell (1978); synonymized under O. palustris natator by Humphrey and Setzer (1989); reinstated as species by Goodyear (1991). Here we follow Humphrey and Setzer (1989) based on their broader geographic sampling and more robust analyses. In light of the subspecific endemism displayed among other Florida-Key mammals, the status of argentatus merits further study drawing upon genetic evidence. See Wolfe (1982, Mammalian Species, 176).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C0C8AF9A5F7C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., mountains east of Balsas, Tambo Carrizal, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C0C8AF9A5F7C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C0C8AF9A5F7C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Affinities obscure; compared to O. xantheolus by Osgood (1913).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C034EFA8EF6B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C034EFA8EF6B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Brazil, NE Argentina, and Paraguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0C034EFA8EF6B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Referred to O. buccinatus by Hershkovitz (1959 a) but its separate specific status is well-established (Avila-Pires, 1960 a; Moojen, 1952).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0D0250FCECF5BD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Quezaltenango Dept., Calel, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0D0250FCECF5BD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of S Chiapas, Mexico, and C Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF64FF0D0250FCECF5BD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allocated to subspecies of O. alfaroi by Goldman (1918); we reinstate it as a species (revision in progress).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF5BFF0D0160FC59FD51.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Puebla, Metlaltoyuca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF5BFF0D0160FC59FD51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deciduous and evergreen tropical forests from central Tamaulipas to Oaxaca and Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, to S Nicaragua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF29FF5BFF0D0160FC59FD51.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of O. melanotis (Hall, 1981; Hooper, 1953). Engstrom (1984) effectively argued the specific distinctiveness of O. rostratus (also see account of O. melanotis). Distributional records in Nicaragua reviewed, as O. melanotis megadon, by Jones and Engstrom (1986). Homogeneity of populations assigned to O. rostratus warrants additional study.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B09BDF906FBC2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chiapas, Tumbala, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B09BDF906FBC2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest elevations from S Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, through Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, to NC Nicaragua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B09BDF906FBC2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Described as a subspecies of O. chapmani (Merriam, 1901) and later retained as a subspecies of O. alfaroi (Goldman, 1918; Hall and Kelson, 1959). In our revision (in prep.) of the alfaroi complex we view the divergence of chapmani and saturatior, whose ranges are separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, as sister species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF140F4CFAAEFA1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, probably Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF140F4CFAAEFA1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF140F4CFAAEFA1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Related to, and possibly conspecific with, populations in Paraguay and Argentina usually identified as O. buccinatus (see remarks therein). Hershkovitz (1960) attributed catherinae Thomas, and rex Thomas, as synonyms of O. subflavus-, however, both are forms of Oecomys (which see). The supposed distribution of O. subflavus in the Guianas (e. g., Honacki et al., 1982) issued from this erroneus allocation of names (e. g., not recorded by Husson, 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0D07FAB9F88A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Limón Prov., Talamanca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0D07FAB9F88A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forested lowlands of E Costa Rica, Panama, W and NC Colombia, N Venezuela, and W Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0D07FAB9F88A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a junior synonym of O. capito (Hershkovitz, 1960), an opinion that led to its arrangement as a subspecies thereof (Hall, 1981; Handley, 1966 a). Species status reasserted by Gardner (1983 a); morphological variation, distributional limits, and synonymy clarified by Musser and Williams (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0C97FC8CF779.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Piura Dept., Tumbez.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0C97FC8CF779.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Ecuador to W Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B0C97FC8CF779.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Probable mainland relative of O. galapagoensis (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B03A5FBD1F668.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Charuplaya, Rio Secure, 1350 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B03A5FBD1F668.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Low to intermediate elevations of Guianas and S Venezuela (Ochoa et al., 1988), and along E Andean foothills from C Colombia to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF1B03A5FBD1F668.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of O. capito by Cabrera (1961); specific differences illuminated by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF4C02C1FC5FF51B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Peromyscus banderanus J. A. Allen, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF16FF5BFF4C02C1FC5FF51B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Peromyscus by Hooper and Musser (1964 b) and retained there by Hooper (1968 b); proposed as a distinct genus by Carleton (1980). Anatomy of male reproductive system detailed by Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974). Karyological relationships assessed by Rogers et al. (1984) and genetic similarity by Schmidly et al. (1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEFB0A24F897FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Nayarit, Valle de Banderas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEFB0A24F897FDB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal plain of S Nayarit to S Guerrero, interior of Michoacan and Guerrero along the basin of the Rio Balsas, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEFB0A24F897FDB0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The forms angelensis, coatlanensis, and sloeops have been mistaken as subspecies of O. banderanus and were reassigned to Peromyscus mexicanus by Musser (1969 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF2E0976FA6EFCE6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Otonyctomys hatti Anthony, 1932.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF2E0976FA6EFCE6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Middle American endemic, presumably the sister-taxon of Nyctomys (e. g., see Hooper and Musser, 1964 a), but systematic biology poorly known.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF50828FE6BFC21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Yucatan, Chichen-Itza.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF50828FE6BFC21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, south to N Belize and NE Guatemala (Peten Dept.).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF2F08F8F912FB06.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Ototylomys phyllotis Merriam, 1901.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF2F08F8F912FB06.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Closedly related to Tylomys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 19646; Lawlor, 1969). Tribal-level assignment unresolved — viewed as a member of neotomines (sensu Hooper and Musser, 19646) or of an archaic clade that originated prior to differentiation of other neotomine-peromyscines (Carleton, 1980).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF60E08FDFAF9AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Yucatan, Tunkas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF60E08FDFAF9AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Costa Rica north to Yucatan Peninsula, S Tabasco, and N Chiapas, Mexico; isolated record from NC Guerrero, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF60E08FDFAF9AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution and geographic variation examined by Lawlor (1969), who retained australis and connectens as subspecies. See Lawlor (1982, Mammalian Species, 181).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF7036EFDC5F6C5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Higuerilla, 20 km E Tilcara, 2000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF7036EFDC5F6C5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF7036EFDC5F6C5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Perhaps conspecific with O. paramensis according to Cabrera (1961) and Vitullo et al. (1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF70248FD0EF634.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco, Säo Lourenco, 30 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF70248FD0EF634.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF702E7FD45F5A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Paraguari Dept., Sapucai.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFEF702E7FD45F5A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Paraguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF280D81FA42F7A1.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus nasutus Waterhouse, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF5AFF280D81FA42F7A1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Specific taxonomy needs full revision; nominal species here recognized follow Cabrera (1961), Reig's (1987) provisional tally of valid forms, and Hinojosa et al. (1987). Although initial studies of electromorphic variation support the monophyly of Oxymycterus and its placement as an akodont (Hinojosa et al., 1987; Patton et al., 1989), cladistic relationship with Abrothrix, Microxus, and certain Akodon needs further exploration. Studies addressing morphological definition of Oxymycterus include Carleton (1973), Hooper and Musser (1964 a), Hinojosa et al. (1987), Vorontsov (1967), and Voss and Linzey (1981). Diploid number of species thus far karyotyped have proven to be identical (Vitullo et al., 1986).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF59FEF70174F92BFEAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., 14 km W Yanahuaya, 2210 m; 14 ° 19 ' S, 69 ° 21 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF59FEF70174F92BFEAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF17FF59FEF70174F92BFEAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Smallest species of Oxymycterus, morphologically resembling O. hucucha.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF120A71FCE9FDEF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Bahia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF120A71FCE9FDEF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina (Misiones) to E Brazil (Bahia).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF110933FBBDFCF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., 28 km (by road) W Comarapa, 2800 m; 17 ° 51 ' S, 64 ° 40 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF110933FBBDFCF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF110933FBBDFCF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphologically similar to O. hiska.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF12081DFB89FBE0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio dos Linos.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF12081DFB89FBE0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina (Misiones) and SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF12081DFB89FBE0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included in Microxus or Akodon (e. g., Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941); reallocated to Oxymycterus by Massoia (1963 b) and morphological recognition amplified by Massoia and Fornes (1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130F2AFB14FAD7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., Rio Perene, 800 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130F2AFB14FAD7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Peru to WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130F2AFB14FAD7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distributional extent uncertain; identity of Oxymycterus populations in Amazon Basin with this species requires substantiation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130E3BFD9BF9AF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay, Maldonado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130E3BFD9BF9AF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay and adjacent SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130E3BFD9BF9AF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Comparisons with O. iheringi provided by Massoia and Fornes (1969); they (and Vitullo et al., 1986) further noted the distinction of O. nasutus from O. rufus, under which it had been ranked as a subspecies (Cabrera, 1961). Range limits unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130D70F98EF883.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba Dept., Rio Secure, Choquecamate, 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130D70F98EF883.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper E Andean slopes in SE Peru, WC Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130D70F98EF883.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genetic distance data relative to other akodonts presented by Hinojosa et al. (1987). Placement of jacentior with this species merits reconsideration.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130C8FFC10F7F7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio Jordao, Paranaiba, 700 - 900 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF130C8FFC10F7F7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF13031AFDA6F513.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, 32.5 ° S latitude along lower Rio Parana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF13031AFDA6F513.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: EC Argentina, Uruguay, and SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF14FF59FF13031AFDA6F513.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Priority of Mus rufus Fischer, 1814, over Mus rutilans Olfers, 1818, both based on Azara's (1801) descriptions, deserves formal stabilization as does clarification of the morphological identity of the species with Azara's " rat roux. " Karyotypes of O. rufus and platensis support their union as one species (Vitullo et al., 1986). Level of relationship to other nominal species and range limits uncertain. Cabrera (1961) cited Rengger (1830) for the placement of the type locality near Asunción, Paraguay, as it is usually given. Rengger's basis for this interpretation is unclear since Azara (1802) mentioned collecting the species in an arroyo at 32.5 degrees, presumably south latitude, which places the locality somewhere in southern Entre Rios province near the Rio Parana. The origin of the larger, rufescent O. rufus from this region seems more plausible than around Asunción where the smaller, dark-colored O. delator occurs (see Myers, 1982). A future revisor should clarify this discrepancy.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE60D83FB47F80E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, Kerr Co., Turtle Creek.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE60D83FB47F80E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Edwards Plateau of NC Texas, north through E Oklahoma, to SE Kansas, SW Missouri, and NW Arkansas, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE60D83FB47F80E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Classified as a geographic race of P. boylii (Osgood, 1909) until rediagnosed as a species by Schmidly (1973 a). Biochemical evolution studied by Kilpatrick (1984). Cognate relationship to P. difficilis suggested by Janecek (1990). See Schmidly (1974 a, Mammalian Species, 48). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE70312FD49F5AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, vicinity of Mirador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE70312FD49F5AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermediate to high altitudes from S Jalisco and C Veracruz, Mexico, through highlands of Guatemala, to Honduras and N El Salvador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FEE70312FD49F5AA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Traditionally viewed as a subspecies of P. boylii (Osgood, 1909). Species status recognized by Alvarez (1961); morphological recognition, distribution, and synonymies clarified by Musser (1969 a) and Carleton (1979). Several of the junior synonyms (evides, hylocetes, oaxacensis) have been treated as species (Hooper, 1968 b; Osgood, 1909) and their inclusion under P. aztecus deserves further scrutiny (e. g., see Smith et al., 1989; Sullivan and Kilpatrick, 1991). Systematic relationships examined by Bradley and Schmidly (1987), Smith (1990), and Sullivan and Kilpatrick (1991). Segregated together with P. spicilegus and P. winkelmanni as the aztecus species group by Carleton (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FF030A35FB81F99E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Peromyscus arboreus Gloger, 1841 (= Mus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF58FF030A35FB81F99E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The Drosophila of North American mammalogy, the alpha-level classification of the genus has been revised three times (Osgood, 1909; Hooper, 1968 b; Carleton, 1989) and its biology and evolution have been twice monographed (King, 1968; Kirkland and Layne, 1989). Multispecies surveys have broadly sampled the morphology of the genus (Carleton, 1973, 1980; Hooper, 1957, 1958; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Linzey and Layne, 1969, 1974), its karyology (Robbins and Baker, 1981; L. W. Robbins et al., 1983; Rogers et al., 1984; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b), biochemical variation (Avise et al., 1974 a, b, 1979; Brownell, 1983; Fuller et al., 1984; J. C. Patton et al., 1981; Rogers and Engstrom, 1992; Schmidly et al., 1985; Zimmerman et al., 1978), and geographical ecology (Glazier, 1980). Major subdivisions of Peromyscus have received added revisionary attention, especially the eremicus (Avise et al., 1974 b; Lawlor, 1971 a, b), maniculatus (Allard et al., 1987; Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986), boylii (Avise et al., 1974 a; Bradley and Schmidly, 1987; Bradley et al „ 1989; Carleton, 1977, 1979; Schmidly, 1973 a; Schmidly et al., 1988; Smith, 1990), truei (Janecek, 1990; Modi and Lee, 1984; Schmidly, 1973 b; Zimmerman et al., 1975), and mexicanus (Huckaby, 1980; Musser, 1971 a; Rogers and Engstrom, 1992; Smith et al., 1986) species groups. Greater emphasis on phylogenetic systematics has altered Osgood's (1909) original generic scope. Baiomys and Ochrotomys have been removed and ranked as separate genera (Carleton, 1980; Hooper, 1958; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b). Taxa defined as subgenera by Hooper (1968 b — Habromys, Isthmomys, Megadontomys, Osgoodomys, and Podomys) have been considered distinct genera by Carleton (1980) but not others (Rogers, 1983; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b; Yates et al., 1979). Expansion of the generic limits of Hooper (1968 b) has been advocated to encompass Neotomodon (Stangl and Baker, 1984 b; Yates et al., 1979) and perhaps Onychomys (Stangl and Baker, 1984 b). Nomenclatural resolution of these alternative proposals awaits further study. Haplomylomys has been used as a subgenus to contain the californicus and eremicus species groups, all others being assigned to the subgenus Peromyscus; Carleton (1989) did not employ subgeneric divisions.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF5FFEE00174F880FC27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Eldorado Co., Middle Fork of American River, near Auburn.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF5FFEE00174F880FC27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: California to westernmost Oklahoma, USA, south to Queretaro and W Hidalgo, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF15FF5FFEE00174F880FC27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Many taxa previously arrayed as subspecies by Osgood (1909) or Hall (1981) have been elevated to species, including P. attwateri (see Schmidly, 1973 «), P. aztecus (see Alvarez, 1961; Carleton, 1979; Hooper, 1968 b), P. levipes (see Schmidly et al., 1988), P. madrensis (see Carleton, 1977; Carleton et al., 1982), P. simulus (see Carleton, 1977), and P. spicilegus (see Carleton, 1977). Others have been realigned with other species — cordillerae and evides under P. aztecus (Carleton, 1979); ambiguus, baetae, and sacarensis under P. levipes (Carleton, 1979; Schmidly et al., 1988); and penicillatus under P. difficilis (Diersing, 1976). Chromosomal variation of P. boylii and its kin investigated by Houseal et al. (1987), Lee et al. (1972), and Schmidly and Schroeter (1974); biochemical variation by Avise et al. (1974 «), Kilpatrick and Zimmerman (1975), Rennert and Kilpatrick (1986, 1987); morphological variation by Bradley and Schmidly (1987), Carleton (1977), and Schmidly et al. (1988). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1308EDFE5DFAFC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Perote.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1308EDFE5DFAFC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of type locality and 3 km W Limon.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1308EDFE5DFAFC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Retained as a species since its discovery (Carleton, 1989; Hoffmeister, 1951; Osgood, 1909), although Hooper (1968 b) suspected that it would prove to be a subspecies of P. truei, a possibility which has yet to be addressed. P. truei species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF130E21FA6EF981.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Monterey Co., Monterey.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF130E21FA6EF981.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and S California, USA, excluding San Joaquin Valley, to NW Baja California Norte, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF130E21FA6EF981.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Electrophoretic and morphometric variation investigated by Smith (1979), who retained only a northern (c. californicus) and southern (c. insignis) subspecies. See Merritt (1978, Mammalian Species, 85). P. californicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0D8DFC6BF85D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Monserrate Island, 25 ° 38 ' N, 111 ° 02 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0D8DFC6BF85D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Monserrate Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0D8DFC6BF85D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationship to P. eva highlighted by Lawlor (1971 «, b), who suggested its possible ranking as a subspecies thereof but later (1983) maintained it as an insular species. Hall (1981) listed P. caniceps in the crinitus species group without explanation. P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0CC1FBC4F648.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Idaho, Jerome Co., Shoshone Falls, north side of Snake River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0CC1FBC4F648.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Oregon and SW Idaho, south through Nevada and parts of Utah and W Colorado, USA, to Baja California Norte and NW Sonora, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF2C0CC1FBC4F648.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Osgood (1909); subspecific taxonomy updated by Hall and Hoffmeister (1942). Initially placed in subgenus Haplomylomys (Osgood, 1909); later transferred to subgenus Peromyscus (Hooper and Musser, 1964 b). Karyotype viewed as primitive for the genus (Greenbaum and Baker, 1978; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b). Specific homogeneity questionable. P. crinitus species group. See Johnson and Armstrong (1987, Mammalian Species, 287).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1302D5F8B0F56C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Tortuga Island, 27 ° 21 ' N, 111 ° 54 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1302D5F8B0F56C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Tortuga Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5FFF1302D5F8B0F56C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genetically similar to P. eremicus (Avise et al., 1974 b) and presumably originated from an eremicus-like progenitor (Lawlor, 1983). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5EFF1301BEFA55FDA5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Zacatecas, Sierra de Valparaiso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5EFF1301BEFA55FDA5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Chihuahua and SE Coahuila, south to C Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF12FF5EFF1301BEFA55FDA5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1961) to include nasutus (see species account below) and comanche (transferred to P. truei — Schmidly, 1973 b). Karyologic and biochemical evidence has suggested that P. difficilis and P. nasutus are sibling species (Avise et al., 1979; Zimmerman et al., 1975, 1978); classified as such by Carleton (1989), but see Janecek (1990). P. truei species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE6096BFA8BFB2D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, Imperial Co., Old Fort Yuma, Colorado River opposite Yuma, Arizona.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE6096BFA8BFB2D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S California east to Transpecos Texas, USA, most of Baja California peninsula, south along coast to C Sinaloa and on the Mexican Plateau to N San Luis Potosi, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE6096BFA8BFB2D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relationships of P. eremicus to various insular forms in Gulf of California elucidated by Lawlor (1971 a, b; 1983), who relegated collatus to a subspecies. Genetic variation surveyed by Avise et al. (1974 b), who noted differentiation of eremicus populations east and west of the Colorado River. Once included P. merriami (see Hoffmeister and Lee, 1963) and P. eva (see Lawlor, 1971 a). See Veal and Caire (1979, Mammalian Species, 118). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70FF1FCB2F9E4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, San Jose del Cabo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70FF1FCB2F9E4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Baja California Sur and Carmen Island, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70FF1FCB2F9E4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ranked by Osgood (1909) as a race of P. eremicus, but Lawlor (1971 a), noting morphological differences and sympatry of the two, resurrected P. eva as a species. P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70D36FC17F821.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, 1.5 mi E Jalapa, 4400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70D36FC17F821.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E flanks of Sierra Madre Oriental from extreme S San Luis Potosi to NW Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70D36FC17F821.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological limits, geographic variation, and distribution reviewed by Huckaby (1980); full synonyms include latirostris (see Hall, 1971) and angustirostris (see Musser, 1964). Considered a member of the mexicanus group by Hooper (1968 b); segregated as P. furvus species group, tentatively including P. ochraventer and P. mayensis, by Carleton (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70CEFFC06F642.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Georgia, Liberty Co., near Riceboro, probably Le Conte Plantation.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70CEFFC06F642.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE USA, from SE Oklahoma, extreme S Illinois and SE Virginia, south to Gulf of Mexico and peninsular Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70CEFFC06F642.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as P. g. allapaticola.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5EFEE70CEFFC06F642.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hybridization in lab with P. leucopus (Bradshaw, 1968), but differentiation of P. gossypinus in field is well documented (Engstrom et al., 1982; Price and Kennedy, 1980; L. W. Robbins et al., 1985). See Wolfe and Linzey (1977, Mammalian Species, 70). P. leucopus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5DFEE702CCFBBBFE4A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Finca Concepcion, 3 mi S San Miguel Tucuru, 3750 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5DFEE702CCFBBBFE4A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Alta Verapaz and NE Baja Verapaz, Guatemala; limits of distribution unknown.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF13FF5DFEE702CCFBBBFE4A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Maintained as a species by Huckaby (1980). The level of relationship of this species to the allopatric forms P. guatemalensis and P. zarhynchus requires investigation. P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF120AD7FDC5FC87.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Distrito Federal, Tlalpan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF120AD7FDC5FC87.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW New Mexico, USA, south from W Chihuahua and SE Coahuila, through interior Mexico to C Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF120AD7FDC5FC87.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Mexican populations revised, as part of P. truei, by Hoffmeister (1951). Divergent karyotypes and genetic distances had questioned unity of P. truei (Lee et al., 1972; Zimmerman et al., 1978); sympatry documented in New Mexico by Modi and Lee (1984), who raised P. gratus to a species (also see Janecek, 1990). P. truei species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF13088FF952FB0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, Angel de la Guarda Island, 29 ° 33 ' N, 113 ° 35 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF13088FF952FB0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angel de la Guarda Island, Granito and Mejia Islands, N Gulf of California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF13088FF952FB0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status and relationships with respect to P. eremicus and P. interparietalis illuminated by Brand and Ryckman (1969), Lawlor (19716), and Avise et al. (19746). Formerly included P. interparietalis (see Banks, 1967). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130E11FB60F912.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Todos Santos, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130E11FB60F912.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermediate to high elevations in mountains of S Chiapas, Mexico, and SW Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130E11FB60F912.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphological variation and distribution clarified by Huckaby (1980). Level of relationship to morphologically similar allopatric forms P. grandis and P. zarhynchus unresolved. Status of altilaneus problematic: synonymized under guatemalensis by Huckaby (1980; also see Carleton and Huckaby, 1975) but listed as a species by Hall (1981), who followed Osgood (1909). Carleton (1989) noted cranial resemblance of altilaneus to P. mexicanus. P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130DFEFC99F768.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guatemala. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130DFEFC99F768.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific coastal plain and adjacent foothills from S Chiapas, Mexico, to S Nicaragua, west of Lake Nicaragua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF130DFEFC99F768.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly classified as a subspecies of P. mexicanus (Osgood, 1909); Musser (1971 a) elevated gymnotis to species and pointed out the junior status of allophylus. Differentiation from P. mexicanus sustained by Huckaby (1980) and Jones and Yates (1983), who also amplified the range and morphological recognition of P. gymnotis. P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF1303B5FBF7F672.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Coahuila, 2.5 mi W, 21 mi S Ocampo, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF1303B5FBF7F672.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Coahuila to NE tip of Zacatecas, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF1303B5FBF7F672.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Allocated, with reservation, to the subgenus Peromyscus as sole member of P. hooperi species group (Schmidly et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF12029EF96FF549.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Norte, San Lorenzo Sur Island, 28 ° 36 ' N, 112 ° 51 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF12029EF96FF549.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: North and South San Lorenzo Islands, and Salsipuedes Island, N Gulf of California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF10FF5DFF12029EF96FF549.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered distinct from P. guardia by Banks (1967); also see Avise et al. (19746), Brand and Ryckman (1969), and Lawlor (19716). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE00A38F8C2FC77.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Kentucky, " pine barrens, " presumably near mouth of Ohio River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE00A38F8C2FC77.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and E USA, excluding Florida; northwards to S Alberta and to S Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, Canada; southwards to N Durango and along Caribbean coast to Isthmus of Tehuantepec and NW Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE00A38F8C2FC77.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Osgood (1909). Distinctive northeastern (leucopus) and southwestern (texanus) cytotypes reported (R. J. Baker et al., 1983 b), with introgression across hybrid zone in central Oklahoma (Nelson et al., 1987; Stangl, 1986; Stangl and Baker, 1984 a). Genetic variation investigated by Browne (1977) — also see above account of P. gossypinus. See Lackey et al. (1985, Mammalian Species, 247).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE1089AFBF0FA10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tlaxcala, Mount Malinche, 8400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE1089AFBF0FA10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mexico — from E Nayarit to C Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, south through mountains of Oaxaca and Chiapas — to highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE1089AFBF0FA10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Systematic studies have confirmed sympatry of P. boylii rowleyi and P. levipes in Queretaro and Hidalgo and supported its elevation to species (Houseal et al., 1987; Rennert and Kilpatrick, 1987; Schmidly et al., 1988). The taxon baetae was provisionally retained by Carleton (1989) under P. levipes, whereas Schmidly et al. (1988) viewed it as a cryptic species distinct from P. levipes (including ambiguus — but see Bradley et al., 1989). The status and distributional extent of these taxa and other chromosomal forms deserve attention (see Bradley et al., 1989; Houseal et al., 1987; Smith et al., 1989). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20EFDFA07F8EF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Nayarit, Très Marfas Islands, Marfa Madre Island.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20EFDFA07F8EF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Très Marfas Islands, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20EFDFA07F8EF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a subspecies of P. boylii by Osgood (1909) but considered distinct by Carleton (1977); viewed as closely related to P. simulus by Carleton et al. (1982). Perhaps extirpated on Marfa Magdalena Island, where Rattus rattus is now abundant (Carleton et al., 1982; Wilson, 1991). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20C33F8AEF506.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Labrador, Moravian settlements.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20C33F8AEF506.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Panhandle of Alaska and across N Canada, south through most of continental USA, excluding the SE and E seaboard, to southernmost Baja California Sur and to NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF11FF5CFEE20C33F8AEF506.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Status and relationships with regard to P. melanotis addressed by Bowers et al. (1973), Bowers (1974), and Greenbaum and Baker (1978); to P. oreas by Allard et al. (1987), Allard and Greenbaum (1988), and Gunn and Greenbaum (1986); and to P. polionotus by Avise et al. (1979) and Robbins and Baker (1981). Distinction between short-tailed and long-tailed geographic races (e. g., Hooper, 1968 b; Koh and Peterson, 1983) obscurely reflected in chromosomal and biochemical data (Avise et al., 1979; Bowers et al., 1973; Bradshaw and Hsu, 1972; Calhoun et al., 1988; Lansman et al., 1983). Specific homogeneity of included taxa doubtful. P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160A45FD65FDC8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Depto. Huehuetenango, about 7 km NW Santa Eulalia, Yaiquich, 2950 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160A45FD65FDC8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160A45FD65FDC8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nearest specific relatives obscure; provisionally assigned to thefurvus species group (Carleton, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF150952F9F1FC3A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, La Cieneguilla ranch, near Santa Maria Ozolotepec, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF150952F9F1FC3A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF150952F9F1FC3A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Following Osgood (1909), Hall (1981) continued to maintain melanurus as a subspecies, a form which Huckaby (1980) documented as a species distinct from P. megalops. Distribution and ecology reviewed by Musser (1964). Carleton (1989) observed Osgood's (1909) earlier arrangement of a megalops species group (including P. melanocarpus and P. melanurus) apart from the mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF1608E4FCEFFB29.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Puebla, Chalchicomula, 8400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF1608E4FCEFFB29.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Puebla, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF1608E4FCEFFB29.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A distinctive species known only by two specimens, the type and one from Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico (Hooper, 1947). Provisionally retained with the melanophrys species group (Carleton, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170FF7F964FA1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Cerro Zempoaltepec, above Yacochi.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170FF7F964FA1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest of Sierra de Juarez and Sierra de Zempoaltepec, NC Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170FF7F964FA1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Range and distinctive morphology substantiated by Huckaby (1980). See Rickart and Robertson (1985, Mammalian Species, 241). P. megalops species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160D07FCA1F8A3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Santa Efigenia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160D07FCA1F8A3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Durango and Coahuila, south through interior Mexico to Chiapas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF160D07FCA1F8A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Baker (1952) to include xenurus, which Osgood (1909) had retained as a species. Relationships evaluated by Schmidly et al. (1985) and Stangl and Baker (1984 b). The level of differentiation of micropus from Jalisco invites study. P. melanophrys species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170C61FAE7F6C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Las Vigas, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170C61FAE7F6C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Transvolcanica in C Mexico (E Jalisco to C Veracruz), northwards along Sierra Madre Oriental to S Nuevo Leon and along Sierra Madre Occidental to W Chihuahua; isolated populations in SE Arizona, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF170C61FAE7F6C0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genetic, karyotypic, and geographic variation studied by Bowers et al. (1973), who included populations in S Arizona previously identified as P. maniculatus rufinus. However, see Hoffmeister (1986) who disputed their conclusions and maintained all Arizona populations as P. maniculatus. Bowers (1974) discerned no basis for subspecific divisions. P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF16024AF99DF5EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, below Pluma Hidalgo, 3000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF16024AF99DF5EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF53FF16024AF99DF5EB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although named as a subspecies of P. megalops, Huckaby (1980) substantiated the specific status and range of melanurus. P. megalops species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF52FF160128F8A4FDFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, Sonoyta, on Sonoyta River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF52FF160128F8A4FDFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Arizona, USA, through Sonora to C Sinaloa, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1EFF52FF160128F8A4FDFF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Osgood (1909) synonymized merriami under P. eremicus but Hoffmeister and Lee (1963) documented their sympatric occurrence and morphological differentiation. Geographic variation evaluated by Hoffmeister and Diersing (1973), who retained goldmani as a subspecies. Bears close kinship to P. eremicus (Avise et al., 1974 b; Lawlor, 1971 «) and to P. pembertoni (Lawlor, 1971 a, 1983). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20922FBB1FA44.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, 10 km E Mirador (restricted by Dalquest, 1950: 8).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20922FBB1FA44.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: In Mexico — along the Atlantic coast from S San Luis Potosi to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and along the Pacific coast, from the Guerrero-Oaxaca border to C Chiapas; upper foothills and middle-elevation mountains in Guatemala, through El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, to upper highlands in Costa Rica and W Panama (Chiriqui region).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20922FBB1FA44.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic range, variation, and taxonomic synonymy summarized by Huckaby (1980). Includes forms formerly viewed as members of Osgoodomys banderanus (angelensis, coatlanensis, and sloeops — see Musser, 1969 «), P. guatemalensis (tropicalis — see Musser, 1969 «), and P. megalops (azulensis — see Huckaby, 1980). Although these taxa were erroneously associated by their original describers, the conspecific status of populations now arranged under P. mexicanus direly needs investigation. In particular, southern populations identified as nudipes, arranged as a synonym by Huckaby (1980) and Carleton (1989), have been considered a distinct species (Osgood, 1909; Hooper, 1968 b) and deserve additional scrutiny. Euchromatic banding patterns identical in P. mexicanus and related species so far examined (Smith et al., 1986). See account of P. gymnotis, which had been arranged as a race of P. mexicanus. P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20ED6FD14F881.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Colorado, Latimer Co., Estes Park.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20ED6FD14F881.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Colorado and SE Utah, south through New Mexico and Transpecos, Texas, USA, to NW Coahuila, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20ED6FD14F881.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a distinct species (Osgood, 1909) until synonymized under P. difficilis by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1961). Recognized as a sibling species separate from P. difficilis by Zimmerman et al. (1975, 1978). Includes penicillatus, which Osgood (1909) had misclassified under P. boylii (see Diersing, 1976). P. truei species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20C8FFAC0F727.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Tamaulipas, El Carrizo, 70 km (by highway) S Ciudad Victoria and 6 km W Panamerican Highway, 2800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20C8FFAC0F727.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Moist forests of S Tamaulipas and adjacent San Luis Potosi, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE20C8FFAC0F727.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Huckaby (1980) as part of the mexicanus species group (sensu Hooper, 1968 b). Departs from conservative karyotypic pattern exhibited by species of the mexicanus group (Robbins and Baker, 1981; Smith et al., 1986); provisionally assigned to the furvus species group by Carleton (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE303EBFBB8F4FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, British Columbia, Mount Baker Range, 6500 ft, near boundary of Whatcom Co., Washington.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE303EBFBB8F4FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW British Columbia, including Vancouver Island and neighboring islands, Canada, and W Washington, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1FFF52FEE303EBFBB8F4FA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Maintained as a subspecies of P. maniculatus by Osgood (1909) and Hooper (1968 b). Sheppe (1961) considered oreas a distinct species, a conclusion ratified by recent taxonomic research (Allard et al. 1987; Allard and Greenbaum, 1988; Calhoun and Greenbaum, 1991; Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986; Sullivan et al., 1990). Viewed as sister species of P. sitkensis (Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986). Further clarification of relationship to taxa in P. maniculatus (e. g., keeni and macrorhinus) and to P. sitkensis is required. P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0A2FF98CFD84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Queretaro, Jalpan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0A2FF98CFD84.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE New Mexico and C Texas, USA, south to N Jalisco and Hidalgo, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0A2FF98CFD84.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Schmidly (1972), who recognized three subspecies which correspond to patterns of genetic differentiation (Kilpatrick and Zimmerman, 1976). Consanguinity of included populations nevertheless suspect (see Avise et al., 1974 a). See Schmidly (1974 b, Mammalian Species, 49). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF190989FA39FC74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, San Pedro Nolasco Island, 27 ° 58 ' N, 111 ° 24 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF190989FA39FC74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF190989FA39FC74.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF190989FA39FC74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Derivation from a P. merriami-like ancestor postulated by Lawlor (1971 a). Probably extinct — see Lawlor (1983). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A08A6FB1EFB32.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Michoacan, 10 km W Apatzingan, 1040 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A08A6FB1EFB32.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal lowlands of Jalisco and Colima, along Rio Balsas to interior Michocan and northernmost Guerrero, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A08A6FB1EFB32.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed with P. melanophrys group by Hooper (1968 b), an association supported by electrophoretic data (Schmidly et al., 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0FDEFB34F8D3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Georgia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0FDEFB34F8D3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Mississippi to W South Carolina, south through Alabama and Georgia, to W and most of peninsular Florida, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0FDEFB34F8D3.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as P. p. allophrys, P. p. ammobates, P. p. phasma, and P. p. trissyllepsis; U. S. ESA - Treatened and IUCN - Indeterminate as P. p. niveiventris.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1A0FDEFB34F8D3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Osgood (1909). Pleisitocene origination of subspecies hypothesized by Bowen (1968); intraspecific genetic differentiation surveyed by Selander et al. (1971). Relationships assessed by Avise et al. (1979), Rogers et al. (1984), and Stangl and Baker (1984 b). P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0C3FFE44F77B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chihuahua, Colonia Garcia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0C3FFE44F77B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Chihuahua, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0C3FFE44F77B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Species-group affiliation enigmatic: initially placed in truei group (Osgood, 1909) but provisionally reassigned to boylii group (Hoffmeister, 1951). Genetic distance data weakly support the latter association (Kilpatrick and Zimmerman, 1975; Schmidly et al., 1985); also see Bradley and Schmidly (1987). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0399FC06F66B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Coronados Island, 26 ° 06 ' N, 111 ° 18 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0399FC06F66B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1B0399FC06F66B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tentatively allocated to crinitus species group by Hooper (1968 b); affinities to P. eremicus asserted by Lawlor (1971 a) and believed derived therefrom (Lawlor, 1983). P. eremicus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1902B6F985F555.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Santa Cruz Island, 25 ° 17 ' N, 110 ° 43 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1902B6F985F555.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Santa Cruz and San Diego islands, S Gulf of California, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1CFF51FF1902B6F985F555.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Highly differentiated morphologically and genetically from mainland P. maniculatus (Avise et al., 1974 b, 1979; Burt, 1932), though probably derived from a maniculatus-like ancestor (Lawlor, 1983). P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60A25F975FDE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Nayarit, San Blas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60A25F975FDE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal plain of Nayarit and S Sinaloa, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60A25F975FDE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Previously classified as a geographic race of P. boylii (Osgood, 1909; also see Hall, 1981); elevated to species by Carleton (1977). Relationships addressed by Bradley and Schmidly (1987) and Carleton et al. (1982). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60935FCCAFC5B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Alaska, Baranof Island, Sitka.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60935FCCAFC5B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Outer islands of Alexander Archipelago, off Alaskan panhandle, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE60935FCCAFC5B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Banded karyotypes reported by Pengilly et al. (1983). Insular forms off southern British Columbia referred to sitkensis by Thomas (1973) but identified as P. oreas by Gunn and Greenbaum (1986). These studies underscore the need to refine relationships among P. sitkensis, P. oreas, and certain forms of P. maniculatus. P. maniculatus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE708C7FC6CFB13.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Baja California Sur, Santa Catalina Island, 17 mi NE Punta San Marcial, 25 ° 43 ' 50 " N.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE708C7FC6CFB13.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE708C7FC6CFB13.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Proposed derivation from a maniculatus-like ancestor (Lawlor, 1983) needs critical reexamination; association with maniculatus species group judged tenuous by Carleton (1989; also see Burt, 1934).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE00FFCFC25F930.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Mascota, Mineral San Sebastian.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE00FFCFC25F930.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermediate elevations of Sierra Madre Occidental from S Sinaloa and SW Durango to WC Michoacan, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE00FFCFC25F930.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged as a subpecies of P. boylii by Osgood (1909; and Hall, 1981). Morphological, chromosomal, and distributional data require its recognition as a species having closer affinity to P. aztecus and its allies (see Bradley and Schmidly, 1987; Carleton, 1977, 1979; Carleton et al., 1982; Hooper, 19686). Includes populations in Michoacan once identified as evides (see Carleton, 1977; Smith et al., 1989). Variation with altitude investigated by Sanchez-Cordero and Villa-Ramirez (1988). P. aztecus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10DDDFD92F80D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, San Esteban Island, 28 ° 34 ' N, 113 ° 21 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10DDDFD92F80D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Isla San Esteban.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10DDDFD92F80D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lawlor (19716) demonstrated the 6 oy / ii-like traits of P. stephani, which was previously classified in the subgenus Haplomylomys (Hooper, 19686). Electrophoretic investigations support its specific status (Avise et al., 1974 a, b). P. boylii species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10310FD23F640.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: El Salvador, La Union, Rio Goascoran, 13 deg. 30 ' N, 100 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10310FD23F640.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermittently found in dry to semiarid lowlands from SE Guatemala, through El Salvador and Honduras, to NC Nicaragua.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF50FEE10310FD23F640.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although Hooper (19686) questioned the specific recognition of P. stirtoni, others have substantiated its distinctive morphology and habitat (Huckaby, 1980; Jones and Yates, 1983). Late Holocene remains from Guanacaste Prov., Costa Rica, suggest a recent range contraction of this species (see Woodman, 1988). See Jones (1990, Mammalian Species, 361). Tentatively retained in the mexicanus species group (Carleton, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF57FEE202CBF9DFFE34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, New Mexico, McKinley Co., Fort Wingate.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF57FEE202CBF9DFFE34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: USA, SW Oregon to W and SE Colorado, south to Baja California (Mexico), Arizona, New Mexico, and NC Texas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1DFF57FEE202CBF9DFFE34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Hoffmeister (1951), who included Mexican populations later recognized as P. gratus (see above species account). Schmidly (1973 b) reallocated comanche as a subspecies of P. truei (also see Modi and Lee, 1984, and Janecek, 1990). See Hoffmeister (1981, Mammalian Species, 161). P. truei species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF030AD8FD10FD0C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Michoacan, 6.3 mi (by road) WSW Dos Aguas, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF030AD8FD10FD0C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated localities in the Sierra de Coalcoman, Michoacan, and in Guerrero, Mexico (after Sullivan et al., 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF030AD8FD10FD0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Smith et al. (1989); relationships evaluated by Bradley and Schmidly (1987) and Sullivan et al. (1991). Removed to aztecus species group by Carleton (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF03081FFA7FFB7C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Yucatan, Chichen-Itza.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF03081FFA7FFB7C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF03081FFA7FFB7C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Huckaby (1980) followed Lawlor (1965) in treating P. yucatanicus as monotypic; Hall (1981) accepted Osgood's (1909) subspecific arrangement. The notion (e. g., Lawlor, 1965; Hooper, 1968 b) that P. yucatanicus is most closely related to P. mexicanus has not received support (Carleton, 1973; Huckaby, 1980). See Young and Jones (1983, Mammalian Species, 196). P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0FA1FB8AFA3A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chiapas, mountains above Tumbala, 5500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0FA1FB8AFA3A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Middle to high elevation cloud forest in mountains of NC Chiapas, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0FA1FB8AFA3A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution and morphological variation reviewed by Huckaby (1980). Relationship and taxonomic status with respect to P. guatemalensis and P. grandis unresolved. P. mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0DB5FC07F8DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0DB5FC07F8DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Vicinity of type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF350EF1FD95F96A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys ferrugineus Thomas, 1894.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF350EF1FD95F96A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomasomyine. Rare in collections; knowledge of taxonomy and distribution minimal.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0213FCA7F64B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cajamarca Dept., Tolon, 100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF1C0213FCA7F64B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coast and lower Pacific slopes of W Peru (Depts. Lambayeque to Ayacucho).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF0302D6FB13F586.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Canar Prov., Canar, 8500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF0302D6FB13F586.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E and W Andean slopes from C Ecuador (Tungurahua) to C Peru (Lima).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF360C5DFE72F70C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus darwini Waterhouse, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF57FF360C5DFE72F70C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Phyllotine. Full generic revisions by Pearson (1958) and Hershkovitz (1962). Pearson (1958) utilized Auliscomys, Graomys, and Loxodontomys as subgenera, whereas Hershkovitz (1962) placed all three, plus Paralomys, in complete synonymy — see accounts of Auliscomys and Graomys for their reinstatement as genera. New karyotypic and distributional data bearing on species status and relationships provided by Pearson (1972), Spotorno (1976), and Pearson and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF56FF1C0188FAAEFE81.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., Sierra de la Ventana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF56FF1C0188FAAEFE81.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Buenos Aires Prov., Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1AFF56FF1C0188FAAEFE81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included in P. darwini (see Reig, 1978).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE40A8CFD34FD73.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Tilcara, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE40A8CFD34FD73.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper slopes of E Andes from S Bolivia to northernmost Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE40A8CFD34FD73.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Demoted to a subspecies of P. darwini by Hershkovitz (1962), but distributional and morphological evidence substantiates the specific recognition of P. caprinus (Pearson, 1958).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE6099EFC95FB91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Coquimbo Prov., Coquimbo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE6099EFC95FB91.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Peru (Junfn), south through W Bolivia, to C Chile and WC Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE6099EFC95FB91.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See accounts of P. bonaeriensis, P. caprinus, P. definitus, P. magister, P. osgoodi, P. wolffsohni, and P. xanthopygus, previously arrayed as subspecies of P. darwini by Pearson (1958) and / or Hershkovitz (1962), for references addressing their specific status. The complexity of populations comprising this species urges still further revisionary attention.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70F7CF8D5FABA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Ancash Dept., Macate, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70F7CF8D5FABA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Ancash, Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70F7CF8D5FABA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in P. magister by Pearson (1958) and in P. darwini by Hershkovitz (1962) but distinctive karyotype is unlike either of those species (see Pearson, 1972).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70E66FD3AF971.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Piura Dept., Piura.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70E66FD3AF971.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sechura Desert of NW Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE70E66FD3AF971.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Paralomys, a genus named by Thomas (1926 a); included within Phyllotis by Osgood (1947), a position supported by its derived karyotype (Pearson and Patton, 1976). The relationship of gerbillus to other Phyllotis deserves reconsideration.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00D9DFCA1F8B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha Prov., Mount Pichincha, above Quito, 3400 - 4000 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00D9DFCA1F8B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of C Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00C51F9D5F789.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Arequipa Dept., Arequipa, 2300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00C51F9D5F789.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper Pacific slopes of Andes from C Peru to N Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00C51F9D5F789.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz (1962) treated magister as a race of P. darwini, a position inconsistent with records of sympatry (Pearson, 1958) and karyotypic differences (Pearson, 1972; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Pearson (1958) arranged definitus as a subspecies of P. magister but later (1972) supported its specific status.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00397FCA5F67B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Tarapaca Prov., Parinacota.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00397FCA5F67B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of NE Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE00397FCA5F67B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to synonymy under P. darwini (Hershkovitz, 1962; Pearson, 1958) but considerable evidence supports its validity as a species (Spotorno, 1976; Spotorno and Walker, 1979, 1983).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE102A7FCFBF518.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., Osila (Pearson, 1958: 426, considered the place-name equivalent to Asillo, 17 mi ENE Ayaviri, 13,000 ft).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE102A7FCFBF518.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper Andean slopes on Atlantic drainage, from SC Peru (Cuzco), through WC Bolivia, to N Argentina (Catamarca).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF1BFF56FEE102A7FCFBF518.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: All-acrocentric karyotype (2 n = 68) interpreted as ancestral state of the genus (Pearson and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0A1CFC0EFDE0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, Cochabamba, Tapacari, 9900 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0A1CFC0EFDE0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper E Andean slopes in C Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0A1CFC0EFDE0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hershkovitz (1962) synonymized wolffsohni as a subspecies of P. darwini, a relationship at variance with morphological and karyotypic information (Pearson, 1958; Pearson and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1D092AF8ACFC84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santa Cruz Prov., coast of Santa Cruz.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1D092AF8ACFC84.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Argentina (Catamarca) and C Chile (Atacama), south along both flanks of Andes to Santa Cruz Prov., Argentina, and adjacent Magallanes Prov., Chile.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1D092AF8ACFC84.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Viewed as a geographic race of P. darwini by Pearson (1958) and Hershkovitz (1962). Morphometric, electrophoretic, and karyotypic differentiation support the specific distinction of P. xanthopygus (Spotorno and Walker, 1983; Walker et al., 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0E34FAAAF9D8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0E34FAAAF9D8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Florida, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0E34FAAAF9D8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Smith et al. (1973) noted low heterozygosity levels within populations and high genetic similarity between them. Status considered threatened by Florida agencies due to disappearance of scrub habitat (see Layne, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF3108A0FC97FAEA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys floridanus Chapman, 1889.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF3108A0FC97FAEA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscini. Named as a subgenus of Peromyscus by Osgood (1909) and maintained as such by Hooper (1968 b). Carleton (1980, 1989) argued for generic recognition, a ranking disputed by others (Rogers et al., 1984; Stangl and Baker, 1984 b). Various morphological features suggest relationship to Neotomodon and / or Habromys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Linzey and Layne, 1969). Accessory reproductive gland and spermatozoan morphology described by Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF320D5FF98EF8D5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Podoxymys roraimae Anthony, 1929.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF320D5FF98EF8D5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Systematics little known aside from original comparisons, report on gastric morphology by Carleton (1973), and brief comments of Reig (1987), and new data on systematics and karyology by Pérez-Zapata et al. (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0C46FA23F816.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0C46FA23F816.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guyana and probably adjacent portions of Venezuela and Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1F0C46FA23F816.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by six specimens (Pérez-Zapata et al., 1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF310314FBE7F6AC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys wavrini Thomas, 1921 (= Hesperomys simplex Winge, 1887).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF310314FBE7F6AC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Associated with phyllotines by Hershkovitz (1962), but excluded from same by Olds and Anderson (1989). Oryzomyine characteristics illuminated by Voss and Myers (1991), who eschewed the " traditional phenetic practices of Neotropical muroid classification " and left the genus as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis pending phylogenetic studies of its tribal-level affinity. See Voss and Myers (1991: 418) on the formal availability of the genus-group name.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0270FDC5F564.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, near Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0270FDC5F564.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina, W Paraguay, and SE Bolivia to E Brazil (Edo. Pernambuco).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF18FF55FF1E0270FDC5F564.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly classified as Oryzomys incertae sedis (Cabrera, 1961). Lectotype designated, synonymy presented, karyotype and distribution discussed by Voss and Myers (1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFF0904FCFAFD8F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., San Antonio de Esquilache, 4500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFF0904FCFAFD8F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Altipiano of S Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF100A1DFE6CFE18.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Punomys lemminus Osgood, 1943.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF100A1DFE6CFE18.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Generic-level affinities uncertain (Osgood, 1943; Reig, 1980, 1984), although formally assigned to Tribe Phyllotini by Vorontsov (1959) and Olds and Anderson (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF80860F9E8FB2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Buenos Aires Prov., pampas south of Buenos Aires, south bank of the Rio de la Plata.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF80860F9E8FB2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, adjacent Chile, and Uruguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF80860F9E8FB2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The taxa associated here follow Osgood (1943) and Hershkovitz (1959 a), whose listings of probable synonyms require substantiation, as does the formal stabilization of the proper name as auritus Fischer, 1814, versus physodes Olfers, 1818.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF1209ACF9E6FCBD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Reithrodon typicus Waterhouse, 1838 (= Mus auritus Fischer, 1814).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF1209ACF9E6FCBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arranged by Hershkovitz (1955 a) with sigmodont rodents; other evidence points to its kinship with phyllotines (Olds and Anderson, 1989; Pearson and Patton, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFA0C47FCDAF797.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Alajuela Prov., canyons above Villa Quesada, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFA0C47FCDAF797.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Allopatric populations in highlands of NC Nicaragua (see Jones and Genoways, 1970) and C Costa Rica.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFA0C47FCDAF797.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. See Jones and Baldassarre (1982, Mammalian Species, 192).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFB037DFB13F6B9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, Rio Sonora, Rancho de Costa Rica.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFB037DFB13F6B9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Sonora to C Sinaloa, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEFB037DFB13F6B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. A relict species having close affinity to R. montanus (Hooper, 1952).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF40267FAF6F5C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Mexico, Volcan Popocatepetl, 11,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF40267FAF6F5C3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Transverse Volcanic Range, SE Jalisco to WC Veracruz, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FEF40267FAF6F5C3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF2C0E0FFC10F8DB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Reithrodon megalotis Baird, 1858.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF54FF2C0E0FFC10F8DB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Alpha taxonomy revised by Allen (1895 a), Howell (1914), and Hooper (1952), the last of whom framed the currently-used subgeneric division and species groupings. Distributions and species limits of Latin American harvest mice, especially those of the subgenus Aporodon, require renewed systematic attention. Generic relationships investigated by Carleton (1980), Hooper and Musser (1964 a), and J. C. Patton et al. (1981). For comparative studies of morphology, see Arata (1964), Carleton (1973, 1980), and Hooper (1952, 1959); of karyology, see Carleton and Myers (1979), Engstrom et al. (1981), Hood et al. (1984), and Robbins and Baker (1980); of genic variation, see Nelson et al. (1984). A key to the species is found in Spencer and Cameron (1982).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF4BFEF40141FB6EFECF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, 11,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF4BFEF40141FB6EFECF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper elevations in Cordilleras Central and Talamancae, Costa Rica, to Chiriqui region, W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF19FF4BFEF40141FB6EFECF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070A52FBD4FDD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Santa Cruz de Cana, upper Rio Tuyra, 2000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070A52FBD4FDD1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Panama, including Azuero Peninsula, and perhaps adjacent Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070A52FBD4FDD1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. Hooper (1952) viewed R. darienensis as closely related to R. gracilis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF06093DFB09FC29.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Sonora, Oposura, 2000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF06093DFB09FC29.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Arizona to SW Missouri to WC Mississippi, USA, south through Mexico, to W Nicaragua; excluding Yucatan Peninsula and Caribbean coastal lowlands.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF06093DFB09FC29.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, fulvescens species group. Chromosomal complement (2 n = 50) interpreted as primitive for the genus (Robbins and Baker, 1980). See Spencer and Cameron (1982, Mammalian Species, 174).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF0708F7FCA1FAE6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Yucatan, Chichen-Itza.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF0708F7FCA1FAE6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Yucatan Peninsula and coastal Chiapas, Mexico, south along Pacific watershed to NW Costa Rica.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF0708F7FCA1FAE6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. See Young and Jones (1984, Mammalian Species, 218).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070E2BFAC9FA09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Ameca, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070E2BFAC9FA09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC Nayarit and NW Jalisco, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF070E2BFAC9FA09.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, fulvescens species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000D17FDD0F87B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, South Carolina, Charleston Co., Charleston.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000D17FDD0F87B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE USA, from SE Oklahoma and E Texas east to the Atlantic seaboard, from S Maryland to C peninsular Florida.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000D17FDD0F87B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Karyotype departs markedly from other species of megalotis group (Carleton and Myers, 1979; Engstrom et al., 1981).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000CA4FDCAF632.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico-USA boundary region, between Janos, Chihuahua, and San Luis Springs, Grant Co., New Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000CA4FDCAF632.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SC British Columbia and SE Alberta, Canada; W and NC USA; south to N Baja California and through interior Mexico to central Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4BFF000CA4FDCAF632.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Formerly included R. zacatecae, which Hood et al. (1984) identified as a separate species. The substantial chromosomal variation reported (see Engstrom et al., 1981) cautions that other species may be lumped under R. megalotis. See Webster and Jones (1982 a, Mammalian Species, 167).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4AFF0702D1FB6DFE7E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Mirador (as restricted by Hooper, 1952: 140).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4AFF0702D1FB6DFE7E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Tamaulipas and WC Michoacan, Mexico, south through Middle American highlands to W Panama; Andes of W Colombia and N Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF06FF4AFF0702D1FB6DFE7E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0AA3FA80FD6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Huehuetenango Dept., Todos Santos, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0AA3FA80FD6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated pockets in highlands of N Michoacan and Distrito Federal, N Oaxaca, and C Chiapas, Mexico, and WC Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0AA3FA80FD6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF09B3FCD9FBDB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Colorado, Saguache Co., upper part of the San Luis Valley (as restricted by Allen, 1895 a: 125). See Armstrong's (1972: 190) lucid summary of the contradictory references to the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF09B3FCD9FBDB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High Plains of C USA, from W South Dakota and E Wyoming to EC Texas and extreme SE Arizona; NE Sonora and Chihuahua to N Durango, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF09B3FCD9FBDB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. See Wilkins (1986, Mammalian Species, 257).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0F46FCD9FA91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nicaragua, Carazo Dept., 3 mi NNW Diriamba, about 660 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0F46FCD9FA91.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated records from SW Nicaragua and WC Costa Rica.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEFF0F46FCD9FA91.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. Morphologically closest to R. brevirostris; extent of distribution unknown. See Jones and Baldassarre (1982, Mammalian Species, 192).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80E7DF964F8E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, California, San Mateo Co., Redwood City.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80E7DF964F8E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Salt marshes around San Francisco Bay, California, USA.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80E7DF964F8E9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80E7DF964F8E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Morphological and chromosomal differentiation between the subspecies raviventris and halicoetes thought to represent terminal stages of speciation (Fisler, 1965; Shellhammer, 1967). Banded chromosomes and genic data reveal sister-group relationship to R. montanus (Hood et al., 1984; Nelson et al., 1984). See Shellhammer (1982, Mammalian Species, 169).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80C32FA82F82A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Volcan de Irazu, 9000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80C32FA82F82A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Reported only from Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF80C32FA82F82A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF90CF7FCD9F6E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Quintana Roo, Isla Cozumel, 2.5 km N San Miguel.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF90CF7FCD9F6E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to Cozumel Island, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF90CF7FCD9F6E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. A large insular species, perhaps sharing common ancestry with R. gracilis (Jones and Lawlor, 1965). See Jones (1982, Mammalian Species, 193).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF9022DFAF7F585.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Mirador (as restricted by Hooper, 1952: 72).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF9022DFAF7F585.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Allopatric segments in Middle American highlands: SW Jalisco and S San Luis Potosi to C Guerrero and EC Oaxaca, Mexico; C Chiapas, Mexico, to NC Nicaragua; C Costa Rica to W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF4AFEF9022DFAF7F585.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF49FEF90188FA95FE65.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Huehuetenango Dept., Todos Santos, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF49FEF90188FA95FE65.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of S Chiapas, Mexico, and C Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF07FF49FEF90188FA95FE65.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0AA8FDF9FCBD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Zacatecas, Sierra de Valparaiso.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0AA8FDF9FCBD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Chihuahua to WC Michoacan, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0AA8FDF9FCBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Hooper (1952) noted the phenetic distinction of zacatecae from R. megalotis saturatus in Jalisco and Michoacan but elected to retain it as a subspecies. Karyotypic divergence of zacatecae reported by Hood et al. (1984), who proposed its elevation to species. Distributional limits, morphological discrimination, and assignment of species-group synonyms deserve amplification.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080F59FC69FAF6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080F59FC69FAF6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080F59FC69FAF6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by two specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF21087DFB3BFBBB.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys rufescens Thomas, 1886.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF21087DFB3BFBBB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Generic affinities uncertain: originally allied with Oryzomys-Oecomys (Thomas, 1917 c), or included among oryzomyine genera (Tate, 1932 /), or listed as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis (Reig, 1980, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080DC6FC05F863.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Dist. Miahuatlan, San José Lachiguirl, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080DC6FC05F863.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF080DC6FC05F863.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Viewed as closely related to R. underwoodi (Voss, 1988). Type species of Goodwin's (1959 a) Neorheomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0CAEFE75F705.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darién Prov., Cerro Pirre, near headwaters of Rfo Limon, 4500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0CAEFE75F705.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0F0CAEFE75F705.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a subspecies of Rheomys trichotis (Cabrera, 1961), but species status affirmed by Voss (1988). Enders (1939) described hartmanni as a species; recognized as such (e. g., Hall, 1981) until Voss (1988) allocated the form to a subspecies of raptor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF200E35F92BF954.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Rheomys underwoodi Thomas, 1906.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF200E35F92BF954.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ichthyomyine. All named forms suggested as conspecific under trichotis by Hershkovitz (1966 b) but Voss (1988) recognized four species. Formerly included trichotis (Tate, 1932 / t), a species later designated as the type of Chibchanomys (Voss, 1988). Neorheomys, diagnosed as a subgenus (Goodwin, 1959 a), was placed in full synonymy by Voss (1988). Separation from lchthyomys questioned by Ellerman (1941) and Hall (1981); relationships and generic stature illuminated by Voss (1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF08020BF90FF628.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: El Salvador, San Miguel Dept., Finca San Felipe, Cerro Cacaguatique, 3500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF08020BF90FF628.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF08020BF90FF628.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Of two named subspecies, Voss (1988) retained only stirtoni as a race.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0E02F4FA1DF564.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., near Très Rios.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0E02F4FA1DF564.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Costa Rica and W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF04FF49FF0E02F4FA1DF564.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Viewed as closely related to R. mexicanus (Voss, 1988).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0E09E9F92FFC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Jujuy Prov., Sierra de Santa Barbara, Sunchai, 1200 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0E09E9F92FFC15.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Andean slopes of SC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0E09E9F92FFC15.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Whether this form intergrades with R. leucodactylus, as usually identified (e. g., Mares et al., 1989 b), or with R. couesi deserves specimen-based corroboration.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0E08F9FC1BFB84.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cauca Dept., Munchique, 8225 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0E08F9FC1BFB84.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Andes of Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0F0F94FBC1FA2F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Princes Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0F0F94FBC1FA2F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Trinidad, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0F0F94FBC1FA2F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cabrera (1961) identified couesi as a subspecies of R. sclateri. As emphasized by its original describer Thomas (1887 b), sclateri closely resembles Peruvian R. leucodactylus, and, in both Venezuela (see Handley, 1976) and Peru, R. couesi and R. leucodactylus are morphologically distinct.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080EF3FB11F8EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca Dept., Aqua Dulce, 2400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080EF3FB11F8EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of W Venezuela and Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080EF3FB11F8EB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a subspecies of R. latimanus by Cabrera (1961) but clearly a species separate from the latimanus-venezuelae complex in Venezuela (Handley, 1976). Compared with R. wetzeli by Gardner (1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080C37FC10F723.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Prov., Pallatanga, 1485 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080C37FC10F723.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Montane forests of C and W Colombia and Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF080C37FC10F723.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species may encompass Andean populations in E Colombia and Venezuela identified as R. venezuelae (Handley, 1976); its status with regard to R. scandens and R. mastacalis also needs clarification. Cabrera (1961) arranged fulviventer and venustus as subspecies, but these two forms are distinct from one another and from the latimanus-venezuelae complex in Venezuela (Handley, 1976). Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0803EFF9CCF5C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Peru; Cabrera (1961) suggested the type's origin from the upper Rio Huallaga, a restriction which should be considered by a future revisor.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0803EFF9CCF5C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guianas, S Venezuela, N Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF0803EFF9CCF5C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomas (1887 b) remarked that sclateri, named from British Guiana, was the eastern counterpart of Peruvian R. leucodactylus; Guillotin and Petter (1984) described aratayae, a subspecies of R. leucodactylus, from French Guiana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF270A0AF918FD25.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys leucodactylus Tschudi, 1844.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF48FF270A0AF918FD25.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomasomyine. No critical synopsis of valid species exists apart from the original descriptions. Compared to the overly lumped classification of Cabrera (1961), Handley's (1976) regional listing reveals the greater species diversity within the genus, but how these Venezuelan forms relate to Rhipidomys populations inhabiting other parts of the Andes and Amazonia remains unknown. The following enumeration must be regarded as highly provisional and attempts to amalgamate the differing viewpoints of Cabrera (1961), Gyldenstolpe (1932), and Handley (1976). Species distributions are in general poorly documented. Preliminary karyotypic surveys provided by Gardner and Patton (1976) and Zanchin et al. (1992 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF4FFF09014AFCF6FE6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Bolivar, Mount Roraima, 2600 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF4FFF09014AFCF6FE6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela, and perhaps northernmost Brazil and adjacent Guyana.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF05FF4FFF09014AFCF6FE6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sometimes misallocated as a species of Thomasomys (e. g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932) but see Hershkovitz (1959 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF080AB7FCC5FCD4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF080AB7FCC5FCD4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and E Brazil, and perhaps Amazonian regions of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF080AB7FCC5FCD4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Degree of differentiation from the Andean forms latimanus and venezuelae unresolved; occurs in close proximity to a smaller species here listed as R. nitela. Distributional limits unclear. Zanchin et al. (1992 a) considered cearanus as a species separate from R. mastacalis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090846FE74FB7A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guyana, Kanuku Mountains, Kwaimatta, 240 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090846FE74FB7A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Venezuela, Guianas, NC Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090846FE74FB7A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Previously listed either as a race of R. venezuelae (Gyldenstolpe, 1932) or R. mastacalis (Cabrera, 1961), but distinct from true venezuelae in Venezuela (see Handley, 1976, who used the species name mastacalis) and from R. mastacalis in N Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0FA5FA5BFA6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Puno Dept., valley of Rio Inambari, Inca Mines, 6000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0FA5FA5BFA6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0FA5FA5BFA6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Retained as a species until judged the same as R. 1. leucodactylus by Cabrera (1961). Allen (1901 b), however, specifically contrasted his new species with Peruvian R. leucodactylus. Geographic range and specific allies uncertain.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090EB2FB94F972.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Mount Pirre, headwaters of Rio Limon, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090EB2FB94F972.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Serrania del Darien and Serrania de Pirre, easternmost Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF090EB2FB94F972.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See remarks under R. latimanus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0D9CF9E2F8CC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, Merida, 1630 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0D9CF9E2F8CC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of N and W Venezuela and E Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0D9CF9E2F8CC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This form may represent the E Andean complement of R. latimanus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0C51FA11F7DA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, Las Vegas del Chama, 1400 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0C51FA11F7DA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of N Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0C51FA11F7DA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed as a subspecies of R. latimanus by Cabrera (1961) but distinct from the latimanus-venezuelae complex in Venezuela (Handley, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0346F937F6FC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, 1800 m; 00 ° 50 ' N, 65 ° 58 ' W.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0346F937F6FC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands in S Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF0A0346F937F6FC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A small species related to the R. fulviventer group (see Gardner, 1989).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF22023DFA7FF5FA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus tumidus Waterhouse, 1837.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4FFF22023DFA7FF5FA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Scapteromyine. Hershkovitz (1966 c) removed tomentosus and fronto to Kunsia, the presumed cognate genus of Scapteromys, and Massoia (1980 a) transferred labiosus to Bibimys. Karyology summarized by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4EFF0F0126F8D7FE40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uruguay, Maldonado.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4EFF0F0126F8D7FE40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay and adjacent Argentina, E Paraguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF02FF4EFF0F0126F8D7FE40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution and morphological identity reviewed by Hershkovitz (1966 c). Massoia and Fornes (1964) realigned aquaticus as a subspecies of S. tumidus. The taxonomic significance of the reported karyotypic differences between aquaticus and tumidus warrants re-examination (see Brum et al., 1973, and Gentile de Fronza, 1970).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF210AD8FC22FD70.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Scolomys melanops Anthony, 1924.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF210AD8FC22FD70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Rare in collections. Phylogenetic affinity not critically explored, although listed in tribe Oryzomyini (Reig, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0F099AFAC4FCE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pastaza Prov., Mera, 3800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0F099AFAC4FCE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF080828FD5EFBBD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Loreto Dept., 2.8 km E Jenaro Herrera, right bank of Ucayali River, 135 m; 79 ° 39 ' W, 04 ° 52 ' S.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF080828FD5EFBBD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF080828FD5EFBBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only by two specimens recovered from dense undergrowth in disturbed lowland rain forest.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0A0D0FF9C1F8DD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala, Alta Verapaz Dept., Coban.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0A0D0FF9C1F8DD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermediate elevations of Middle America from E Oaxaca, Mexico, to W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0A0D0FF9C1F8DD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hooper (1972) retained apricus, irazu, and rufoniger as subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF230F7BF943FA01.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys teguina Alston, 1877.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF230F7BF943FA01.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peromyscine. Until diagnosed by Thomas, forms associated here had been affiliated with Akodon (e. g., Bangs, 1902). Revised by Hooper (1972); for other aspects of biology and systematics, see Hooper and Carleton (1976), Carleton et al. (1975), and Rogers and Heske (1984). Broadly affiliated with neotomine-peromyscines sensu Hooper and Musser (1964 a); common ancestry with Baiomys proposed on the basis of morphological traits (Hooper, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 1964 b; Carleton, 1980), a relationship weakened by karyological banding data (Rogers and Heske, 1984).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0B0C42FD5BF795.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, 10,300 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0B0C42FD5BF795.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: High elevations in Cordilleras Central and Talamancae of Costa Rica to Volcan Chiriqui region in W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4EFF0B0C42FD5BF795.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hooper (1972) synonymized harrisi and longipilosus under S. xerampelinus, without subspecies.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4DFF3F0395FDBBFE87.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF03FF4DFF3F0395FDBBFE87.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: North American forms revised by Bailey (1902), with subsequent partial revisions by Baker (1969), Voss (1992), and Zimmerman (1970); further alphataxonomic study dearly needed. Standard karyology summarized by Zimmerman (1970), banded karyotypes by Elder (1980) and Elder and Lee (1985), albumin differentiation by Fuller et al. (1984). Skin-skull morphology (Bailey, 1902; Baker, 1969) and karyology (Elder and Lee, 1985; Zimmerman, 1970) have yielded conflicting pictures of species-group associations. Sigmomys, type species Sigmodon alstoni, variously treated as a distinct genus (Handley, 1976), a subgenus of Sigmodon (Husson, 1978), or a full synonym (Cabrera, 1961). Hershkovitz (1955 a) arrayed Sigmodon with Holochilus, Neotomys, and Reithrodon as the sigmodont group, but other evidence has questioned the close affinity of each to Sigmodon (see those generic accounts).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF0F0A8DFA06FDAA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Mascota, Mineral San Sebastian.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF0F0A8DFA06FDAA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Mexico, from S Sinaloa to S Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF0F0A8DFA06FDAA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Shump and Baker (1978 a, Mammalian Species, 95).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF0F0969FCD7FC9B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Sucre, Cumanâ.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF0F0969FCD7FC9B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermittently distributed in savannas over NE Colombia, N and E Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, and N Brazil. Range amplified by Handley (1976), Husson (1978), and Voss (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080887FBBEFB3F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Arizona, Yavapai Co., Fort Verde.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080887FBBEFB3F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme SE California and SC Arizona, USA, south in W Mexico to Nayarit.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080887FBBEFB3F.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as S. a. plenus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080887FBBEFB3F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal and morphological differences have revealed the specific distinction of S. arizonae and S. hispidus (see Zimmerman, 1970; Severinghaus and Hoffmeister, 1978; Elder and Lee, 1985).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080FE3FA07FA2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Zacatecas, Zacatecas.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080FE3FA07FA2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Arizona and WC New Mexico, USA, south through interior Mexico to Guanajuato and NW Michoacan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080FE3FA07FA2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Baker and Shump (1978 a, Mammalian Species, 94).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080EF2FDF3F7B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Florida, St. Johns River.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080EF2FDF3F7B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE USA, from S Nebraska to C Virginia south to SE Arizona and peninsular Florida; interior and E Mexico through Middle America to C Panama; in South America to N Colombia and N Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080EF2FDF3F7B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comments under S. arizonae, S. inopinatus, S. mascotensis, and S. peruanus, forms formerly ranked as subspecies of S. hispidus. The homogeneity of speciesgroup taxa assembled here must be viewed skeptically. The synonymy of still other forms with S. mascotensis is likely. See Cameron and Spencer (1981, Mammalian Species, 158).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF09035EFAE8F6D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Prov., Mt. Chimborazo, Urbina, 11,400 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF09035EFAE8F6D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from high Andes in Azuay and Chimborazo provinces, Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF09035EFAE8F6D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lumped under S. hispidus by Cabrera (1961) following the footnoted opinion of Hershkovitz (1955 a); reinstated as a species by Voss (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080239FA06F5FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Zacatecas, Sierra de Valparaiso, 2653 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080239FA06F5FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Interior Mexico, from SW Chihuahua and S Nuevo Leon to C Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4DFF080239FA06F5FF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Shump and Baker (1978 b, Mammalian Species, 96).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4CFF080122FBD1FE67.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Jalisco, Mascota, Mineral San Sebastian.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4CFF080122FBD1FE67.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Mexico, from S Nayarit south to E Oaxaca.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF00FF4CFF080122FBD1FE67.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Removed from S. hispidus and reinstated as species by Zimmerman (1970); also see Severinghaus and Hoffmeister (1978) and Elder and Lee (1985). Limits of geographic distribution need refinement.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF00AABFA0BFD3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Texas, Brewster Co., Chisos Mountains, 8000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF00AABFA0BFD3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Arizona, extreme SW New Mexico, and Transpecos, Texas, USA, south to C Durango, Mexico. Northern outlier population may persist in Guadalupe Mtns, Transpecos, Texas (see Stangl and Dalquest, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF00AABFA0BFD3D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Baker and Shump (1978 b, Mammalian Species, 97).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF109E0FAEDFBF4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, La Libertad Dept., Trujillo, 200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF109E0FAEDFBF4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pacific coastal plain and contiguous Andean foothills of W Ecuador and NW Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF109E0FAEDFBF4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Lumped under S. hispidus by Cabrera (1961) following the footnoted opinion of Hershkovitz (1955 a); reinstated as a species by Voss (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF30D46FADFF8CB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, Limón Prov., Jimenez, 700 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF30D46FADFF8CB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lowland forest from E Honduras to Panama; C and W Colombia to NW Venezuela and NW Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFEF30D46FADFF8CB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF0C0C57F98AF7BA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Costa Rica, San José Prov., San Joaquin de Dota, 4000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF0C0C57F98AF7BA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Chiriqui Prov., W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF0C0C57F98AF7BA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Usually listed as a species of Oryzomys of uncertain relationship (Hall, 1981). Assignment to Sigmodontomys tentative following the observations of Ray (1962). Distribution meagerly documented, known by only three specimens.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF240F32FC51F9D4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Sigmodontomys alfari J. A. Allen, 1897.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF240F32FC51F9D4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Oryzomyine. Named as a genus but later viewed as a synonym of Nectomys (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), usually ranked as a subgenus (Hershkovitz, 1944). Hershkovitz (1944: 71) stressed the weakness of their association: " The apparent relationship of Sigmodontomys to Nectomys ... is probably attributable to an independant development ... from the common oryzomyine stock rather than to a divergence from a ... more recent Nectomys-like stock, " an assessment later corroborated by other data (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Hooper and Musser, 1964 a). Gardner and Patton (1976) formally transferred Sigmodontomys to a subgenus of Oryzomys, and we here provisionally list it as genus, noting the need to refine its relationships to Oryzomys proper.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF0C0283FCF2F60E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Distrito Federal, Parque Nacional de Brasilia, 1100 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF0C0283FCF2F60E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cerrado of C Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF260373F96CF69D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Thalpomys lasiotis Thomas, 1916 (not Mus lasiotis of Lund, 1841).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF4CFF260373F96CF69D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Akodontine. Recognized as a genus, as initially diagnosed, by Gyldenstolpe (1932); reclassified as a subgenus of Akodon by Ellerman (1941) and so observed by Cabrera (1961). See Hershkovitz (1990 a) for availability of genus-group name, its differentiating characters from typical Akodon, and definition of included species.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF43FF0C0111FE6EFE89.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF43FF0C0111FE6EFE89.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cerrado of C Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF01FF43FF0C0111FE6EFE89.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For synonymy of the replacement name Akodon reinhardti, see Hershkovitz (1990 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0908B4FBB3FB27.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Prov., Pallatanga, 4950 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0908B4FBB3FB27.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andean forests of NC Venezuela, C and W Colombia, Ecuador, and N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0908B4FBB3FB27.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Highly differentiated morphologically from other species of Thomasomys (see Carleton, 1973; Hooper and Musser, 1964 a; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0FEAFCFEFA95.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, El Oro Prov., Chilla Valley, Rio Pita, 3500 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0FEAFCFEFA95.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Andes of Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090E78FBF3FA04.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Antioquia Dept., Paramillo, 12,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090E78FBF3FA04.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Occidental of Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090D16FCE8F946.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cauca Dept., 64 km W Popayan, 3070 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090D16FCE8F946.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper Andean elevations in Colombia and Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0DCBFD33F880.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cajamarca Dept., Cutervo, 9200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0DCBFD33F880.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Ecuador and N Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF230AA1FE78FC69.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys cinereus Thomas, 1882.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF230AA1FE78FC69.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thomasomyine. A complex genus whose nomenclatural history is intertwined with Aepeomys, Delomys, and Wilfredomys, taxa which have been used as subgenera (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Cabrera, 1961) or as genera (see their accounts). Comparative anatomical studies involving some Thomasomys include Carleton (1973), Hooper and Musser (1964 a), and Voss and Linzey (1981); chromosomal numbers of several species published by Gardner and Patton (1976). Revisionary studies required to critically overhaul species taxonomy and to place ranking of various genus-group taxa in a phylogenetic context. Species recognized here basically follow Cabrera (1961).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0C8DFDE1F7C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cuzco Dept., Ocabamba Valley, 9100 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A0C8DFDE1F7C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Peru to C Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A034FFD33F737.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., mountains east of Balsas, Tambo Jenes, 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0A034FFD33F737.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0903DCFCB0F68D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cuzco Dept., Machu Picchu, 12,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF0903DCFCB0F68D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andean Ecuador to SE Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090290FD17F5CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Santander Dept., Upper Rio Tachira, Paramo de Tama, 7500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF43FF090290FD17F5CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, Cordillera de Merida, W Venezuela (see Handley, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF42FF080155FCE5FEBB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., Vitoc Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF42FF080155FCE5FEBB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of C Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0EFF42FF080155FCE5FEBB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type species of Inomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FEF30A66FD4EFDF1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., 65 km E Chachapoyas, near Uchco, Tambo Almirante, 5000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FEF30A66FD4EFDF1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N to C Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FEF3091AF9B3FD33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Junin Dept., Vitoc Valley.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FEF3091AF9B3FD33.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of C Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FEF3091AF9B3FD33.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal formula reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C09DFFCEFFCA1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Rio Aceramarca, 10,800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C09DFFCEFFCA1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of NW Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C086CFDE7FBFD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca Dept., Bogota Region, 8750 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C086CFDE7FBFD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of C Colombia and adjacent W Venezuela (see Handley, 1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C0F2EFAF3FAED.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Magdalena Dept., Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Macotama, 3300 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C0F2EFAF3FAED.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extreme NE Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0C0F2EFAF3FAED.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included as a subspecies of T. laniger by Cabrera (1961); karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as a species without comment.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0D0E30FD49FA5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, Cundinamarca Dept., La Oya del Barro.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0D0E30FD49FA5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0ECEFA7AF99D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cuzco Dept., Torontoy, 9500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0ECEFA7AF99D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0ECEFA7AF99D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Standard karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0D83FD42F90D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz Dept., Cocopunco, 10,000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0D83FD42F90D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: WC Bolivia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0C11FCB8F863.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Chimborazo Dept., paramo south of Mount Chimborazo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0C11FCB8F863.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andean Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0CAAF898F789.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cajamarca Dept., Rio Malleta, Tambillo, 5800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0CAAF898F789.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of S Ecuador and NW Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0E0CAAF898F789.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology redescribed and additional specimens reported by Pine (19806).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F0397FDCBF6C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha Prov., Mount Pichincha, Hacienda Garzon, 10,500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F0397FDCBF6C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F024AFD31F635.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Amazonas Dept., Goncha, 8500 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F024AFD31F635.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NC Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F02D9FCFEF573.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha Prov., Santo Domingo trail on western slope of Mt. Corazon, Las Maquinas, 7000 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF42FF0F02D9FCFEF573.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Andes of Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF41FF08019CFADDFE6B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Cajamarca Dept., Rio Malleta, Tambillo, 5800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF41FF08019CFADDFE6B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Peru.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0FFF41FF08019CFADDFE6B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyology reviewed by Gardner and Patton (1976).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050AA9FB86FDDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, Rio Milla, 1630 m.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050AA9FB86FDDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Merida Andes of W Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050838FBC5FC4B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050838FBC5FC4B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0608D4FBADFB6C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Darien Prov., Tacarcuna, 4200 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0608D4FBADFB6C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Easternmost Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0608D4FBADFB6C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly a subspecies of T. mirae according to Cabrera (1961) or a synonym of T. panamensis according to Handley (1966 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF060FBEFD1BFAA8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Imbabura Prov., Rio Mira, Paramba.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF060FBEFD1BFAA8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Colombia and NW Ecuador.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050E77F93AF94C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Guatemala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050E77F93AF94C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Guerrero and C Veracruz, Mexico, south to S Nicaragua, excluding Yucatan Peninsula.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050E77F93AF94C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Goodwin (1934) passingly noted that La Primavera (Dept. Alto Verapaz) may be the type locality, a restriction which should be formally considered by a future revisor. Goodwin (1969) relegated gymnurus to a subspecies of T. nudicaudus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF060DDEFCD4F854.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF060DDEFCD4F854.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Easternmost Panama (see Goldman, 1920).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF060DDEFCD4F854.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Handley (1966 a) suggested that fulviventer and watsoni may prove to be junior synonyms of T. panamensis.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF3E095EF949FCD6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hesperomys nudicaudus Peters, 1866.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF3E095EF949FCD6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribal-level membership unresolved; closely related to Ototylomys (see remarks under same). Basic revision much needed; forms listed follow Hall (1981: 626), who remarked that " study ... may show that some of the species are only subspecies. "	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050CB8FBC5F7C9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Chiapas, Tumbala.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050CB8FBC5F7C9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050355FC5DF73F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Panama, Chiriqui Prov., Volcan de Chiriqui, Bogava (= Bugaba), 800 ft.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF050355FC5DF73F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica and W Panama.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF3E03FCFA26F601.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF3E03FCFA26F601.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Wiedomyine, a tribe formally diagnosed by Reig (1980) to contain the problematic form pyrrhorhinos, which has been variously classified as a species of Oryzomys or Thomasomys (see Tate, 1932 /; Osgood, 1933 d; and Hershkovitz, 1959 b), and a new fossil genus, Cholomys, recovered from E Argentina.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0B010EFB39F52B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Bahia, caatingas along the Riacho da Ressaca, between the farms Tamboril and Ilha (as clarified by Avila-Pires, 1965).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0B010EFB39F52B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil from Ceara to Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0CFF41FF0B010EFB39F52B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Locality records clarified by Pine (1980 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF230A3CFAF3FD7B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Thomasomys oenax Thomas, 1928.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF230A3CFAF3FD7B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Genus diagnosed to encompass another problematic thomasomyine species from SE Brazil; see Osgood (1933 b) and Pine (1980 b) for historical review of the generic affiliations of the type species. The categorical recognition of this taxon, conventionally treated as a subgenus of Thomasomys (e. g., Carleton and Musser, 1984; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Pine, 1980 b), will depend on phylogenetic studies involving other thomasomyines (also see comments under Delomys).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF09099BFB32FCB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, San Lorenzo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF09099BFB32FCB0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Brazil to C Uruguay.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF09099BFB32FCB0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Morphology redescribed by Pine (1980 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF0A085DFADBFBDB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Misiones Prov., Caraguatay, Rio Parana, 100 mi S Rio Iguazu.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF0A085DFADBFBDB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina and SE Brazil.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF0A085DFADBFBDB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Provisionally assigned to Wilfredomys on the assertions of Osgood (1933 b) and Pine (1980 b) that pictipes is most closely related to oenax.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF3F0F53FCDFFABE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Xenomys nelsoni Merriam, 1892.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF3F0F53FCDFFABE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Neotomine. Knowledge of biology and systematic relationships meager; among woodrats may share common ancestry with Hodomys (Carleton, 1980). Banded karyotype reported by Haiduk et al. (1988), who noted its resemblance to those of Onychomys and Peromyscus.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF060E63FB51F9FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Colima, Hacienda Magdalena, between Ciudad Colima and Manzanillo.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF060E63FB51F9FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Colima and westernmost Jalisco, Mexico.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF000344FC7AF612.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Trinidad, Princes Town.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF000344FC7AF612.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Savannas from SE Costa Rica through Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas, to Brazil north of the Amazon River; including Trinidad and Tobago and smaller continental-shelf islands adjacent Panama and Venezuela.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF000344FC7AF612.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Geographic variation evaluated by Voss (1991 a), who retained three subspecies: brevicauda, cherriei, and microtinus. Formerly included punctulatus, which Voss (1991 b) reidentified as a member of Bolomys.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF380D31FA69F7D9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oryzomys cherriei J. A. Allen, 1895 (= Oryzomys brevicauda J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF40FF380D31FA69F7D9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: First revised by Hershkovitz (1962), then thought to include southern populations now allocated to Bolomys lasiurus (see Maia and Langguth, 1981; Reig, 1987; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Definition of genus emended and species taxonomy revised by Voss (1991 a); Reig (in Reig et al., 1990 a) listed four species as valid. Karyology summarized by Gardner and Patton (1976) and Reig et al. (1990 a). Hershkovitz (1962) considered Zygodontomys a member of the phyllotine group, an association disputed by other studies (Hooper and Musser, 1964 a; Olds and Anderson, 1989; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Unsettled phylogenetic position expressed as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis (Reig, 1984; Voss, 1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF47FF0102FEF995FE66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Colombia, " El Saibal, W. Cundinamarca. " Indeterminate nature of type locality discussed by Voss (1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF47FF0102FEF995FE66.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Intermontane valleys of N Colombia.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0DFF47FF0102FEF995FE66.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to a subspecies of Z. brevicauda by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Hershkovitz (1962), but specific status documented by Voss (1991 a).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF180315FA57F5FB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Israel, Jaffa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF180315FA57F5FB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel through N Egypt to N Libya (see Lay and Nadler, 1972, for North African range); possibly SW Turkey (Savie and Nevo, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF180315FA57F5FB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Chromosomal data for North African populations provided by Lay and Nadler (1972). Libyan populations reviewed by Ranck (1968) and those in Egypt by Osborn and Helmy (1980). For more than 30 years, Israeli populations of this " superspecies " have been the subjects of intensive research concerning evolutionary theory and the processes of speciation and adaptive radiation (see Nevo, 1991).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF310ED8FA38F80F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Spalax kirgisorum Nehring, 1898 (= Spalax ehrenbergi Nehring, 1898).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF310ED8FA38F80F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The species were monographed under the genus Microspalax Mehely, 1909, by Topachevskii (1969). Mehely's generic name, however, is preoccupied and that is why Nannospalax, as well as Ujhelyiana, were proposed. Nannospalax is differentiated from Spalax by a suite of skeletal and dental traits (Topachevskii, 1969). Compared with species of Spalax, karyotypes of those in Nannospalax have low diploid and fundamental numbers and exhibit significant interpopulational differences that correlate with biological and ecological distinctions. Such properties have led investigators to suspect that the three entities listed below are superspecies, each made up of separate biological species (Savie and Nevo, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF47FF300AC5FCE0FA43.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Ognev (1963 a) and Corbet (1978 c, 1984); subfamily monographed by Topachevskii (1969). For an introduction to morphology, taxonomy, and paleontology of European species, see Savie (1982 a) and Kivanc (1988). Carleton and Musser (1984) provided a diagnosis of the subfamily and summarized general characters, distribution, taxonomy, and fossils; and Savie and Nevo (1990) gave an excellent synopsis of the evolutionary history, speciation, and population biology of mole rats. Catzeflis et al. (1989) used DNA-DNA hybridization to compare spalacines with arvicolines and murines to estimate their time of divergence. Vorontsov et al. (1977 b) distinguished four species groups based upon biochemical data: N. nehringi, N. leucodon, S. microphthalmus, and the last containing S. graecus, S. polonicus, S. arenarius, and S. giganteus. The species defined biochemically are the same as those defined by Ognev (1963 a) and Topachevskii (1969) using morphological traits and by Lyapunova et al. (1974) with chromosomal evidence. To these seven species is added N. ehrenbergi. Although Savie and Nevo (1990: 133) acknowledged eight extant species, they concluded that the systematics is unrealistic because " it is based primarily on classical morphology, ignoring the central phenomenon of Spalacid evolution, i. e., chromosomal speciation which suggests that more than 30 living karyotypes, or species have been described and the end is not yet in sight. " Results from sequencing alpha crystalline A chain, a lens protein of the eye in Spalax, and its significance for molecular clock hypothesis and phenetic analysis was discussed by McKenna (1992).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF46FF1F0119FB26FB8A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ukraine, near Odessa.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF46FF1F0119FB26FB8A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From Yugoslavia through Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, and extreme NW Turkey, to SW Ukraine just east of Dnestr River in Odessa region (see Vorontsov, 1977 b; Savie, 1982 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0AFF46FF1F0119FB26FB8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was morphologically characterized by Topachevskii (1969) and is now viewed as a superspecies based on chromosomal studies (Giagia et al., 1982; Peshev, 1983; Savie, 1982 b; Savie and Nevo, 1990; Savie and Soldatovic, 1977, 1979). Savie (1982 b) delineated six clusters that he interpreted as chromosomal species: leucodon group (with hungaricus, montanosyrmiensis, monticola, and transsylvanicus), makedonicus group, strumiciensis group (with ovchepolensis and serbicus), epiroticus (with hellenicus), turcicus group (with thracius), and montanoserbicus group (with hercegovinensis and syrmiensis). Mikes et al. (1982) analysed the pelvis of N. leucodon in the context of assessing sexual dimorphism and taxonomic differences. Morphological and biometric analyses by Kivanc (1988) indicated that N. leucodon occurs in most of Turkey (subspecies anatolicus, armeniacus, cilicicus, nehringi, and turcicus) and that N. ehrenbergi extends up into SW Turkey (subspecies intermedius and kirgisorum). However, Savie and Nevo (1990) viewed these results skeptically and urged elucidation by chromosomal evidence. Available biochemical and chromosomal data clearly do not support the conspecificity of leucodon and nehringi (Vorontsov et al., 1977 b, and references therein).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040F94FD4BF95D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Armenia, Kasikoporan.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040F94FD4BF95D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Turkey, Armenia, and Georgia (see Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040F94FD4BF95D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c) listed nehringi as a synonym of S. leucodon, but Topachevskii (1969) treated it as a distinct species (under subgenus Mesospalax, genus Microspalax), a revision followed by Corbet (1984) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Topachevskii (1969) included turcicus in the synonymy of this species, but Savie (1982 b) placed it in leucodon. Morphometric analyses have been interpreted to indicate that nehringi and its synonyms are geographic variants of N. leucodon (see Kivanc, 1988; Savie and Nevo, 1990, and account of leucodon).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040392FAF6F645.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ukraine, Nikolaev Region, Golaya Pristan, NW shore of Black Sea.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040392FAF6F645.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Small range in S Ukraine (see Vorontsov et al., 1977 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF040392FAF6F645.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Listed as a subspecies of S. microphthalmus by Corbet (1978 c), but elevated to species by Topachevskii (1969) and recognized as such by Lyapunova et al. (1974) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Topachevskii (1969) viewed the restricted geographic range of S. arenarius as a relictual distribution.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF3D0DDDFC9EF788.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Spalax microphthalmus Guldenstaedt, 1770.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF46FF3D0DDDFC9EF788.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Peshev (1989 a, b) illuminated interspecific differences among the five species, as well as sexual dimorphism within each, using morphometric techniques. Compared with Nannospalax, karyotypic characteristics of Spalax species include high diploid and fundamental numbers, no acrocentric chromosomes, smaller interspecific differences in karyotypic structure, and lack of significant interpopulation variation (Savie and Nevo, 1990).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF45FF0402C8FDECFE45.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Daghestan, W shore of Caspian Sea, near MakhachKaly.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF45FF0402C8FDECFE45.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Isolated populations in steppes NW of the Caspian Sea and in Kazakhstan between the Volga River and W margin of the Caspian Sea between the Dnepr and Ural rivers (see Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF0BFF45FF0402C8FDECFE45.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Topachevskii (1969) and listed as a separate species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Geographic range is parapatric with that of S. microphthalmus (Corbet, 1978 c).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000AC9FB17FC1F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ukraine, Bukovina region, vicinity of Chernovtsy (as restriced by Topachevskii, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000AC9FB17FC1F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Romania and SW Ukraine (see Topachevskii, 1969; Savie, 19824).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000AC9FB17FC1F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in S. microphthalmus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c), but arranged as a distinctive species by Topachevskii (1969) and so listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Savie (19824) reviewed in detail the European segment. Topachevskii (1969) recognized istricus, apparently restricted to Rumania, as a subspecies, and Murariu and Torcea (1984) separated it as a species based on cranial traits. Their sample, however, was small, and variation of the traits believed to discriminate istricus from S. graecus should be reassessed using larger samples from both Rumania and the Ukraine.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF010F05FD7DFAA3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Voronezhskaya Oblast, Novokhoper Steppe.	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF010F05FD7DFAA3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes in Ukraine and S Russia between Dnieper and Volga rivers, north to Orel-Kursk line, and south to Ciscaucasia (see Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF010F05FD7DFAA3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Monographed by Topachevskii (1969) and maintained as a species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000E6EFD79F8C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ukraine, Ternopolsk region (see Topachevskii, 1969).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000E6EFD79F8C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Poland east into Ukraine between Dnestr and Dnepr rivers and south to margin of Black Sea (see Topachevskii, 1969; Savie, 1982 c; Vorontsov et al., 1977 b).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
03D087AEFF08FF45FF000E6EFD79F8C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in S. microphthalmus by Corbet (1978 c), but monographed as a separate species (under the name polonicus) by Topachevskii (1969) and listed as such by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Reviewed (as polonicus) by Savie (1982 c). Topachevskii (1969) indicated that zemni was a nomen nudum, but it is properly available (Ellerman, 1949 b) and becomes the earliest name for this species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987).	en	Guy G. Musser, Michael D. Carleton (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Muridae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 501-755, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098
