taxonID	type	description	language	source
039187BEFFDDFFC9A6B35FAB39A2F532.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dental morphology and evolution studied by Shenbrot (1984).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDDFFC9A6CD572939A5F5B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The monophyly of dipodids seems well established (Ellerman, 1940; Klingener, 1984; Shenbrot, 1992; Stein, 1990; Vinogradov, 1930). Authors have frequently recognized either a single family, Dipodidae, or two families, Zapodidae (including sicistines and zapodines), and Dipodidae; recently Shenbrot (1992) recognized four families including Allactagidae, Dipodidae, Sminthidae (Sicistidae), and Zapodidae. In a phylogenetic study based on limb myology, Stein (1990) proposed to recognize Sicistidae and Dipodidae (including zapodines and all other dipodids). Sicistines are often regarded as representing the most primitive dipodids morphologically; however, Sokolov et al. (1987 b) and Vorontsov (1969) hypothesized that zapodines possess the most primitive karyotype of dipodids, from which those of sicistines and other dipodids are derived. Shenbrot (1992) incorporated internal and external phallic morphology, coronal structure of the molars, and bullar morphology in a phylogenetic analysis. His final classification is eclectic, based on the results of cladistic analysis and degree of morphological divergence (phenetic distance). His arrangement differed significantly from that of Stein (1990) in that Sicista was not shown to be the most primitive dipodoid (all four families are sister taxa), and Euchoreutinae was hypothesized to be most closely related to Sicistinae, and was united with Sicistinae in Sminthidae (Sicistidae); Stein (1990) proposed Euchoreutinae to be a sister group of zapodines and allactagines, and placed all groups except Sicista in Dipodidae. The true sister group of dipodids has not been established, and comparison with other outgroups such as sciurids, myoxids, heteromyids, and muroids that retain more primitive characters than Phodopus (used in the phylogenetic study by Stein, 1990) and other Cricetinae (as defined by Carleton and Musser, 1984; implied as an outgroup by Shenbrot, 1992), is needed for confirmation of assigned character polarities. Reviews of the relationship of dipodids to other rodents were given by Klingener (1964, 1984). An integrative phylogenetic analysis including appropriate outgroups, and incorporating the characters listed above, and / or molecular data sets, should be undertaken to help elucidate dipodid relationships. Vinogradov (1930, 1937) proposed a classification, modified slightly by Ellerman (1940), that provided the foundation for systematic research of dipodids. Phylogenetic studies have supported much of this original classification, though the proposed relationships among the higher taxa have changed significantly. Pending further study, a single family is recognized here, but hypotheses supported by Stein (1990) and Shenbrot (1992) are incorporated at the subfamilial level. Reviews of dipodid research and classification were contributed by Gambaryan et al. (1980), Heptner (1984), Klingener (1984), Shenbrot (1986, 1992), and Stein (1990). Cranial and dental characters were investigated by Vinogradov (1930). Comparative myology studied by Klingener (1964); facial myology by Gambaryan et al. (1980); myology of postcrania by Fokin (1971) and Stein (1990). Review of distribution and habitat of dipodids (excluding sicistines and zapodines) given by Kulik (1980). Chromosome numbers of members of each subfamily provided by Vorontsov (1969). Male genitalia studied by Vinogradov (1925) and Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983). Comparative behavior and its taxonomic significance studied by Rogovin (1984). The distributions of species occuring in the former USSR, and taxonomic problems were verified and much enhanced by personal communication with G. I. Shenbrot; those of China were likewise greatly improved by the efforts of Lin Yonglie.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A6EC54373FF8FD03.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus jaculus Pallas, 1778 (= Dipus sibericus major Kerr, 1792); see comments below.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A6EC54373FF8FD03.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Does not include Allactodipus (see comment under Allactodipus bobrinskii). Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below except where noted. Subspecific revision of species occuring in the independant countries of the former USSR provided by Shenbrot (1991 d). Mus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758 is the type species of Jaculus (see comments therein).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70557D73F83FBAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Xinjiang, Balikun.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70557D73F83FBAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mongolia, from Altai Sumon east to Bordzon-Gobi (Sokolov et al., 1981 a), and NE Xinjiang, China (Ma et al., 1987).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70557D73F83FBAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. bullata, with which it is sympatric in S Mongolia. A. nataliae Sokolov, 1981 is a junior synonym of A. balikunica (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A705514A3E45FA64.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia, Altai Gobi, Tsagan-Nur (Tsagaan Nuur).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A705514A3E45FA64.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deserts of S and W Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954; Sokolov et al., 1981 a; adjacent Chinese provinces of Nei Mongol, E Xinjiang, Ningxia (Ma et al., 1987), Gansu (Chen and Wang, 1985; Zheng and Zhang, 1990) and N Shaanxi (Wang, 1990).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A705514A3E45FA64.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. balikunica (see comments therein).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70450B43EE8F7D3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Kazakhskaya, Kirgiz Steppe. The type locality given by Lichtenstein (1828) is in W Kazakhstan, according to Vinogradov (1937), Kuznetsov (1944, 1965), and Ognev (1963 b), not E Kazakhstan as reported by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 529) and Corbet (1978 c: 154).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70450B43EE8F7D3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Pakistan (Roberts, 1977); Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973); Iran (Lay, 1967); NE Turkey; in former USSR (see Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977; and Shenbrot, 1991 d), Armenia, Azerbaydzhan, Georgia, N Caucasus, north along W Caspian Sea to Lower Volga south to Turkmenistan, east through Kazakhstan to NE Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, and N Gansu, China (Ma et al., 1987), in desert and semi-desert zones.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A70450B43EE8F7D3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Allactaga. Does not include vinogradovi (see comment therein). Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1991 d).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A7045D663F90F609.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iraq.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A7045D663F90F609.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and semi-desert from Turkey, Syria, E Jordan, east to N Saudi Arabia and Kuwait; north through Iraq to the Caucasus; N Iran; E Afghanistan. Figured by Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFC8A7045D663F90F609.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Paralactaga. Many authors incorrectly employ the name williamsi for this species. Following Corbet (1978 c: 155) A. euphratica is considered a distinct species from A. hotsoni. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFCBA7045F2D3B55FDE3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Isfahan Prov., 18 mi S Shah Reza (Qomisheh), 2253 m.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFCBA7045F2D3B55FDE3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality, a flat plain with a gravel substrate and sparse, mountain steppe vegetation (Womochel, 1978).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDCFFCBA7045F2D3B55FDE3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Not allocated to subgenus by Shenbrot (1984). A. firouzi appears to be morphologically distinct from A. euphratica and A. hotsoni (Womochel, 1978), but its relationship with these and other species of allactagines needs further study. Shenbrot (19914) tentatively synonymized firouzi with A. elater turkmeni, but later (in litt.) examined the type specimen and considered firouzi synonymous with hotsoni.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F857363F29FCDA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Persian Baluchistan, 20 mi. SW Sib, Kant (Kont), 3950 ft.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F857363F29FCDA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iranian Baluchistan (Lay, 1967); W Pakistan (Roberts, 1977); and S Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F857363F29FCDA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Allactaga (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Following Corbet (1978 c: 155) A. hotsoni is considered a distinct species from A. elater and A. euphratica; see comment under A. firouzi.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F8567F3ECBFA94.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, between Caspian Sea and Irtysh River.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F8567F3ECBFA94.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and deserts from Caucasus N to Moscow and Kiev E to Ob River (W Siberia), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan; figured by Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6F8567F3ECBFA94.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Allactaga. A. jaculus Pallas is a junior synonym (see Ognev, 1963 b: 94; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987: 154). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (19914). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF50A23FDFF8E5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgan (Kopal) dist., Tamar-Utkul.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF50A23FDFF8E5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, NE Turkmenistan, and SW Tadzhikistan; figured by Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF50A23FDFF8E5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Allactaga. Taxonomic study provided by Shenbrot (19914), who described chorezmi as a subspecies of A. severtzovi. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FE52303986F605.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Transbaikalia, Chitinskaya Oblast, near Lake Tarei-Nur.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FE52303986F605.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From lower Ural River (Kazakhstan) and Caspian Sea east to Chitinskaya Oblast south to N Turkmenistan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 19914; Sludskii, 1977); Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Hebei, W Liaoning, W Jilin, and W Heilongjiang (in China see Ho et al., 1986; Laing and Zhang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); no valid record from Korea (see Corbet, 1978 c: 154).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FE52303986F605.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Orientallactaga. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (19914). Geographic variation studied by Varshavsky (1991). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF5CDE3F6FF515.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Libyan Desert between Siwa and Alexandria.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF5CDE3F6FF515.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Coastal gravel plains of Egypt and E Libya, from near Alexandria to the Gulf of Sirte (see Ranck, 1968, and Osborn and Helmy, 1980).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDFFFCBA6FF5CDE3F6FF515.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Scarturus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A5403392BFD93.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Dzhambul region, Burnoye and Rovnoye.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A5403392BFD93.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Kazakhstan, E Uzbekistan, Kirghizia, and Tadzhikistan (see Shenbrot, 1991 d).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A5403392BFD93.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Allactaga. Shenbrot (1991 d) showed that A. vinogradovi differs from A. elater in toothrow length and phallic morphology, and that the two are sympatric along the Talas River and in SE Betpak-Dala (Kazakhstan).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70951073F95FAB4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uzbekistan, Kizil-kum (Kyzylkum) Desert, 140 km NW of Bukhara, Khala-Ata.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70951073F95FAB4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and N Turkmenistan and C and W Uzbekistan, in the Kyzylkum and Karakumy deserts; figured by Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70951073F95FAB4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA6D7578B3E56FBF0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Allactodipus bobrinskii Kolesnikov, 1937.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA6D7578B3E56FBF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Shenbrot (1974, 1984), who showed that in postcranial and dental characters, particularly the height of the molars and alveolar pattern, A. bobrinskii falls outside the range of variation of the genus Allactaga. He restored bobrinskii to its original genus, Allactodipus, a hypothesis followed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). A critical phylogenetic study incorporating these and other morphological and / or molecular differences between A. bobrinskii and other allactagines and dipodines is needed.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA6D7505539F4F8F9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dipus platurus Lichtenstein, 1823 (emended to D. platyurus by Lichtenstein, 1828).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA6D7505539F4F8F9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Alactagulus (see Heptner, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Shenbrot, 1984). Vorontsov et al. (1969 b) found no distinguishing karyological characters between subgenera Alactagulus and Pygeretmus; in the same study karyotypes and morphometric comparisons of subgenus Pygeretmus were provided. Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A521E3FC9F6B6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, E shore of Aral Sea, Kuwan-Darya River.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A521E3FC9F6B6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W, C, and E Kazakhstan.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCAA70A521E3FC9F6B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978 c) and Gromov and Baranova (1981) synonymized P. vinogradovi with P. platyurus without comment. Heptner (1984) agreed because he felt the differences between the two forms were not sharp enough to warrant specific recognition, a view tentatively followed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Shenbrot's (1988) results indicated that P. vinogradovi falls within the range of variation of P. platyurus, and that vinogradovi should not even be recognized at the subspecific level. Review and distribution map provided by Silverstov et al. (1969) and Sludskii (1977); detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCDA70A5C43396CFE39.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, between Caspian Sea and Irtysh River. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) incorrectly listed Kirghiz Steppe as the type locality for this species.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCDA70A5C43396CFE39.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: From the Don River (Russia) through Kazakhstan to the Irtysh River (Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977), south to NE Iran (Lay, 1967); E to S Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: W Nei Mongol (Ma et al., 1987), N Xinjiang (Ma et al., 1987; Chen and Wang, 1985), and probably Ningxia.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDEFFCDA70A5C43396CFE39.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Alactagulus (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). The name pygmaeus is preoccupied and is an invalid junior synonym of pumilio, (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; and Corbet, 1978 c). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6B356E93E71FB82.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Following Pavlinov (1980 b) two tribes, Cardiocraniini and Salpingotini, are recognized.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E4500D39ADF926.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, NW Gansu, Nan Shan, Shargol-Dzhin.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E4500D39ADF926.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China: N Xinjiang, W Nei Mongol, N Ningxia, and Gansu (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; and Zhou et al., 1985); Mongolia; S Tuvinskaya Oblast, and E Kazakhstan (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1988).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E4500D39ADF926.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A morphometric study by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988) indicated that the Kazakhstan population falls within the range of intraspecific variation for C. paradoxus, and is not a separate species as was suggested by Gromov and Baranova (1981). For detailed habitat data see Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6B251BB3A18FAE8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cardiocranius paradoxus Satunin, 1903.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6B251BB3A18FAE8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Cardiocraniini. Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E554DC3B78FC74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SE Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgan district, on NW shore of Ala-Kul (Alakol) Lake, Rybalnoje.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E554DC3B78FC74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Kazakhstan, in region of Lake Balkhash (Corbet, 1978 c; Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6E554DC3B78FC74.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978 c) regarded the emendation of shitkovi to zhitkovi invalid, but other workers disagree; there has been no ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6EB5D843AECF517.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, N Xinjiang, Altai Gobi, near Schara-sumé (Sharasume), approx. 160 km S Russia-Mongolian border. Most authors list the type locality as being located in W Mongolia, but it is actually in N Xinjiang, China (Bannikov, 1954).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6EB5D843AECF517.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and deserts of NW China (Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990), S and SW Mongolia (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1988), and adjacent E Kazakhstan in Lake Zaysan basin (Naumov and Lobachev, 1975; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984; Vorontsov et al., 1969 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6EB5D843AECF517.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Anguistodontus. Populations S of Lake Balkhash and N of Aral Sea previously included in S. crassicauda now recognized as a distinct species, S. pallidus. Detailed habitat data given by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Taxonomic study of Mongolia and Zaysan Basin populations provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6B153DA38AAF773.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Salpingotus kozlovi Vinogradov, 1922.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD9FFCDA6B153DA38AAF773.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Salpingotini. The subgeneric arrangement hypothesized by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984), based on morphometric analyses and skull, dental, and genital morphology, is followed here, except that Salpingotulus is recognized at the subgeneric, rather than generic, level (see comment under S. michaelis). Comparative myology of pelvic girdle studied by Fokin (1971). Distribution of species of Salpingotus shown in Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA6EA5C2A3856F64F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Paradipus, traditionally included in Dipodinae, is placed in its own subfamily (see comment under Paradipodinae).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA6E95CFF393DF5B5.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus sagitta Pallas, 1773.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71854013FFFFDAE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uzbekistan, NW Kizil-Kum (Kyzylkum) Desert, 80 km NE Takhta-Kupir, 8 km E Gori Kok-Tobe.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71854013FFFFDAE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uzbekistan and S Kazakhstan, NW and N Kyzylkum desert (Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71854013FFFFDAE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Prosalpingotus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71F574B3FDBFC3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia: Gobi desert, Khara-Khoto.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71F574B3FDBFC3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deserts of S and SE Mongolia; and China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu, N Shaanxi, and Ningxia (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71F574B3FDBFC3D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Salpingotus. See Corbet (1978 c) for comment regarding allocation of specimen from Irtysh river on Kazakhstan-Chinese border to S. crassicauda. Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Study of geographic variation in Mongolian samples provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71E56D83EEEF957.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Pakistan, NW Baluchistan, Nushki Plateau, appox. 29 ° N, 66 ° E, altitude 3,500 ft.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71E56D83EEEF957.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan, NW Baluchistan (Roberts, 1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71E56D83EEEF957.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Salpingotulus. Pavlinov (1980 b) placed S. michaelis in a separate genus, Salpingotulus, based on genital morphology, tooth characters, and shape of the condylar process; this arrangement was followed by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984). The results of a morphometric and qualitative study of Salpingotus by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984) showed substructure within the genus based on overall similarity, with S. michaelis joining the clusters of other Salpingotus at a high level of dissimilarity, followed by S. kozlovi. Their results indicated that generic separation of michaelis was not supported, particularly if kozlovi was retained in Salpingotus. In addition, no phylogenetic study has been done. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987: 162) suggested that Salpingotus included Salpingotulus, a hypothesis followed here. For discussion of S. michaelis versus S. thomasi, and the possible occurance of S. michaelis in Afghanistan, see Hassinger (1973) and Roberts (1977). See also comment under S. thomasi.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C53E43F69F823.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Aktyubinskaya, Chelkarskii, Peski Bol'shiye Barsuki.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C53E43F69F823.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deserts of N Aral and S Balkhash regions.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C53E43F69F823.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Shenbrot and Mazin (1989) named sludskii as a subspecies of S. pallidus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C52F53ECCF730.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Afghanistan or S Tibet (Ognev, 1963 b; Vinogradov, 1928).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C52F53ECCF730.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type specimen, of which the country of origin, " Afghanistan ", is questionable (see discussion in Hassinger, 1973, and Roberts, 1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCCA71C52F53ECCF730.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Prosalpingotus (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCFA7035F403E84FC4F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Kazakhstan, Pavlodarskaya Oblast, right bank of Irtysh River near Yamyshevskaya at Podpusknoi (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 535).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCFA7035F403E84FC4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Desert, steppe and dry woodland from Don River (Russia), NW coast of Caspian Sea, and N Iran, through Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan to S Tuva, Russia; Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, Liaoning, and Jilin (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Wang, 1990; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; and Zhou et al., 1985).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD8FFCFA7035F403E84FC4F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d). Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Taxonomic study, analysis of geographic variation, and distribution throughout most of range provided by Shenbrot (1991 «, c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6E551963835F9D4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenistan, vicinity of Merv.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6E551963835F9D4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from Caspian Sea to Aral Sea, and south of Lake Balkhash.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6E551963835F9D4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ognev (19636). Taxonomic study, distribution, and review contributed by Shenbrot (1990 b), who described balkashensis and jaxartensis as subspecies. Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Karyotype given by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6B356FF3F1DFB40.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Scirtopoda lichtensteini Vinogradov, 1927.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6B356FF3F1DFB40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Following Vinogradov (1930), Heptner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Shenbrot (1990 b), Eremodipus is recognized as a genus distinct from Jaculus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA52B23842F78C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Bushire.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA52B23842F78C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E and S Iran (Lay, 1967), S and W Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and W Pakistan (Roberts, 1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA52B23842F78C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See comment under J. turcmenicus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6B053773ED3F864.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758, as fixed by Opinion 730 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1965); not Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6B053773ED3F864.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA5DA93FE4F515.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Giza Pyramids.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA5DA93FE4F515.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Africa, NE Nigeria (Happold, 1987) and Niger, from SW Mauritania to Morocco, E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984) and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sudan, and Somalia; throughout Arabia (Harrsion and Bates, 1991) to SW Iran (Lay, 1967).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDBFFCFA6EA5DA93FE4F515.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ranck (1968) recognized two species in this complex, J. jaculus and J. deserti, but Harrison (1978) showed that they are conspecific based on Ranck's criteria (see also discussion in Corbet, 1978 c: 152). Karyotype given by Al Saleh and Khan (1984). See comment under J. turcmenicus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA700541B3E20FD40.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, in the " mountains separating Egypt from Arabia " (Allen, 1939: 424).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA700541B3E20FD40.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Deserts of N Africa and Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991), from Morocco E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984), and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sinai and S Israel.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA700541B3E20FD40.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: J. orientalis has been identified from the late Pliocene in Ethiopia (Wesselman, 1984) and Plio-Pleistocene in Kenya (Black and Krishtalka, 1986). See comment under J. turcmenicus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70757973A7DFA49.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenskaya, Nebitdagskom Region, Tchagil sands, near S coast of Kara-Bogaz-Gol.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70757973A7DFA49.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE coast of Caspian Sea through Turkmenistan to the Kyzylkum Desert, C Uzbekistan; see Kuznetsov (1965).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70757973A7DFA49.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Heptner (1975) concluded that J. turcmenicus was conspecific with J. blanfordi, but the measurements given for the two species differ considerably, no tests of significance were performed, and only two specimens of J. blanfordi were included in the study. The two species are retained here, as in Shenbrot (1990 a), pending critical revision. The presence of spines on the bacula of J. blanfordi and J. orientalis (figured by Didier and Petter, 1960), is shared by J. turcmenicus (figured in Heptner, 1975), suggesting that these three species may form a monophyletic group that excludes J. jaculus; see also comment in Corbet (1978 c) under J. blanfordi. Taxonomic study, distribution, and review provided by Shenbrot (1990 a). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Morphology and habitat discussed in Stalmakova (1957). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969 d).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA6EE50F13AF8F943.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Stylodipus andrewsi Allen, 1925.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA6EE50F13AF8F943.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Scirtopoda is often incorrectly used for this genus, but is a junior synonym of Jaculus (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951: 536; and Corbet, 1978 c: 153).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70053E93806F751.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Mongolia, near Mt. Uskuk (Ussuk), Camp Ondai Sair (Andrews, 1932: 101).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70053E93806F751.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW, S, and C Mongolia east of Barun Khurai (Baruun Huuray) Valley; and adjacent China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia (see Ma et al., 1987; Qin, 1991; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA70053E93806F751.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978 c) included andrewsi as a subspecies of S. telum, but Sokolov and Orlov (1980) recognized it as a distinct species. Sokolov and Shenbrot (1987 b) showed that in addition to the retention of a rudimentary P 4, S. andrewsi is differentiated from S. sungorus and S. telum in dental and phallic characters, and in greater bullar inflation. The ranges of S. andrewsi and S. sungorus are adjacent but do not overlap (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b). See comments under S. sungorus and S. telum.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA7005DE43F34F58C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Mongolia, Altai Gobi, north slope Takhin-Shara-Nuru (Tahiyn-Shar-Nuruu) range, 15 km E Tsargin.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA7005DE43F34F58C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW Mongolia, possibly Xinjiang, China (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b: 585).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFCEA7005DE43F34F58C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: On the basis of the length and breadth of the molar row, size of auditory bullae, and phallic characters (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b), S. sungorus appears to be distinct from S. telum. Relationship and distribution relative to S. andrewsi and S. telum is unclear and needs further study (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987 b). See comment under S. andrewsi.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFC1A7015FAA39DCFD10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, steppe along NE shore of Aral Sea (Ognev, 1963 b: 303).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFC1A7015FAA39DCFD10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Ukraine, N Caucasus, N and W Turkmenistan, W Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 1991 b); E to N Xinjiang, N Gansu, and Nei Mongol, China (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; but see comment below).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFDAFFC1A7015FAA39DCFD10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Subspecific revision contributed by Shenbrot (1991 b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (19694). Because S. andrewsi is considered a synonym of S. telum by some workers, some of the records of S. telum from China may represent S. andrewsi. See comments under S. andrewsi and S. sungorus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6E4519938A6FA31.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: NW China; W Xinjiang, W of Taklimakan Shamo (Takla-Makan Desert), near Shache (Yarkand).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6E4519938A6FA31.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Mongolia; China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6B251083891FB7C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Euchoreutes naso Sclater, 1891.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6B251083891FB7C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963 b).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6B3560B3A7DFC11.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Based on crown structure of the molars, and characters of the mastoid region, Shenbrot (1992) proposed that Euchoreutinae is most closely related to Sicistinae. The results of Stein's (1990) study of limb musculature placed Euchoreutinae as a sister group of Zapodinae and Allactaginae. See comment under Dipodidae.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6B2532939AAF91B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Shenbrot (1992) showed that Paradipus is highly differentiated from Dipodinae (in which it has traditionally been placed), and that Paradipodinae appears to be most closely related to Cardiocraniinae, based on molar and mastoid characters. Paradipus was not included in Stein's (1990) study of limb myology.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6EB52BA3FD5F707.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Turkmenistan, near Repetek.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6EB52BA3FD5F707.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sand deserts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and E Aral region of Kazakhstan; see Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6EB52BA3FD5F707.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (19694). Os penis described and figured by Shenbrot (1992).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC1A6B0520438F4F899.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Scirtopoda ctenodactyla Vinogradov, 1929.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD5FFC0A6B35C383A1CFE20.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), Shenbrot (1992), and others use the family name Sminthidae for this group, because Brandt's (1855) supergeneric taxon Sminthi predates Sicistinae Allen, 1901 «. However, article 66 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985: 125 - 127) states that when two genera are united their respective type species remain the same, and the valid name of the newly formed taxon is that of the component taxon with the oldest valid name. Sicista Gray, 1827 predates Sminthus Nordmann, 1840, and thus the correct genus name is Sicista. Sicistinae is the valid subfamily (or family) name according to article 23 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985: 47). The separation of Sicistinae from Zapodinae, suggested by Ellerman (1940), is supported by the results of Shenbrot (1986, 1992), Sokolov et al. (1987 b), Stein (1990), and Vorontsov (1969). Though the modern distribution of Sicista is Palaearctic, Sicistinae has been recorded from Pleistocene deposits in North America (Martin, 1989 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70456D53805FAFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: NW Armyanskaya, Malyy Kavkaz, Pazdanskiy Region, Pambakskiy Range, near Ankavan, head of Marmarik River, subalpine zone, 2200 meters.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70456D53805FAFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70456D53805FAFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov and Baskevich (1988) presented karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished S. armenica from S. caucasico, S. kluchorica, and S. kazbegica. See also comment under Sicista.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A704501039BBF8B3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: SW Siberia, birch plain on bank of Ishim River, and Barabinskaya Step.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A704501039BBF8B3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Boreal and montane forests from Norway, Denmark; east to Ussuri region of China and SE Siberia, north to the Arctic Circle at the White Sea and Usa River, south to Austria, Carpathian and Sayan Mtns (Corbet, 1978 c). In the former USSR see Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977). Sokolov et al. (1989) considered the Ussuri region records questionable.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A704501039BBF8B3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological, and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. pseudonapaea. Pallas' type specimen was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963 b: 33). Review and distribution in Europe provided by Pucek (1982). See comment under S. strandi.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70552463FFAF753.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, N Caucasus, Krasnodarskiy Kray (Kuban Prov.), Maykop (Maikop) District, 7000 - 9000 feet.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70552463FFAF753.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Caucasus; distribution figured by Sokolov et al. (1987 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A70552463FFAF753.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1981 b, 1987 b) gave karyological and phallic characters that distinguished this species from S. kluchorica and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegica (Sokolov et al., 1986 b). See also comment under Sicista, and in Corbet (1984: 25).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A7055DF83ED5F5FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Sakhalin Oblast, Sakhalin Isl, 17 miles NW Korsakov.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A7055DF83ED5F5FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ussuri region of NE China and Primorski Kray, Sikhote-Alin range, and Sakhalin Isl, Russia.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A7055DF83ED5F5FE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. tianshanica, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista and S. concolor.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A6D254DA3AA2FC02.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mus subtilis Pallas, 1773.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC0A6D254DA3AA2FC02.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ognev (1963 b). Karyological research and systematic problems in the genus reviewed by Sokolov et al. (1987 b). Several species in the S. concolor complex (S. armenica, S. caucasico, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, S. tianshanica) have been distinguished by Sokolov and colleagues primarily by karyotypic and spermatozoal differences. These species are provisionally recognized here, but need further documentation and corroborative data sets to firmly establish their specific status. Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Comparative myology of pelvic girdle studied by Fokin (1971).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC3A7045F1B38F8FDFA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Gansu, N slope of the mountains of Xining, Guiduisha.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC3A7045F1B38F8FDFA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China: Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, and W Sichuan (Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 1990; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); India; Kashmir; and N Pakistan.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD4FFC3A7045F1B38F8FDFA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: S. concolor has been reported from the Chinese provinces of Heilongjinag and Jilin (Yang et al., 1991); the relationship of these populations to S. caudata needs further study. Does not include S. armenica, S. caucasico, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, or S. tianshanica; see comments under respective species and under Sicista. See also comment in Corbet (1978 c: 149, 1984: 25).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6571138A2FCBE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, Kazbegi District, 14 km NW Kobi, Suatisi Gap, upper reaches Terek River, subalpine zone, 2200 meters.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6571138A2FCBE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Georgia, Kazbegi District (Sokolov et al., 1986 b, 1987 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6571138A2FCBE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1986 b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. caucasico and S. kluchorica, and S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988). See also comment under Sicista.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5565A3F31FB0D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, N Caucasus, Karachayevo-Cherkess Autonomous Region, upper North Klukhor River at Klukhor Pass, 2100 meters.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5565A3F31FB0D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NW Caucasus; see Sokolov et al. (1987 a).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5565A3F31FB0D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1981 b, 1987 b) gave karyological and phallic characters that distinguished this species from S. caucasico and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegica (Sokolov et al., 1986 b). See also comment under Sicista and in Corbet (1984: 25).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5502839CFFA12.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Altai Krai, Altai Mtns, Seminsk Ridge, Tapuchii (Tapucha).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5502839CFFA12.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Kazakhskaya and Russia, Altai Krai, NW Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D5502839CFFA12.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. pseudonapaea and S. betulina.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65338398EF8B9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Kazakhstan, Altai Mtns, N slope of Narymskiy Range, Katon-Karagay.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65338398EF8B9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Kazakhstan, Taiga of S Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65338398EF8B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) gave karyological, spermatozoal, and phallic characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. betulina. S. pseudonapaea is provisionally recognized here, but requires further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, to establish its specific status.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6525C3A53F772.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Voronezh Oblast, Bobrov District, Kamennaya Steppe Experimental Station.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6525C3A53F772.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Russia.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D6525C3A53F772.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1986 a) separated this species from S. subtilis by its distinctive karyotype. It is provisionally recognized here, but further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, are needed to establish its specific status.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65D99384EF5A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Caucasus, Stavropol Krai, Karachayevo-Cherkess Region, Karachayevsk District, Uchkulan (Utschkulak), Igera, 2100 meters; shown in Sokolov et al. (1989).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65D99384EF5A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Caucasus, north to Kursk District of S Russia; see Sokolov et al. (1989).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC3A6D65D99384EF5A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1989) distinguished this species from S. betulina primarily by its different karyotype. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) tentatively listed S. strandi as a separate species, a hypothesis provisionally followed here. Further documentation and incorporation of other character sets is essential in order to assess whether or not strandi should be included in S. betulina.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC2A6D75F4D38EAFD70.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Kurgan Oblast, on Tobol River near Kaminskaya Kur'ya (suburb), on road from Zverinogolovskoye to Kurgan (Ognev, 1963 b: 27).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC2A6D75F4D38EAFD70.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Steppes from E Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Rumania through S Russia, N Kazakhstan, and SW Sibiria to the Altai Range, Lake Balkhash, Lake Baikal, and NW Xinjiang, China (see Li and Wang, 1981; and Ma et al., 1987). In former USSR see Kuznetsov (1965) and Sludskii (1977).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD7FFC2A6D75F4D38EAFD70.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Type specimen was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963 b: 27). Karyology studied by Sokolov et al. (1986 a). Review and distribution in Europe provided by Pucek (1982). See comment under S. severtzovi.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A6EF53B63837F90B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Zapus setchuanus Pousargues, 1896.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A702522E3FE2F830.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan Prov., Tatsienlu (Kangding).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A702522E3FE2F830.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: China: Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and NW Yunnan (Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC5A7005D973FDAFE21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, New Brunswick, Restigouche River.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC5A7005D973FDAFE21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Canada: SE Manitoba, SW and E Ontario, S and E Quebec north to S Labrador. USA: E Minnesota, N and C Wisconsin, upper peninsular and N lower peninsular Michigan, E Ohio, Pennsylvania; north and east to NW New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, W Massachusetts (isolated population in Martha's Vineyard), Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; south to West Virginia, W Virginia, E Kentucky, E Tennessee, W North Carolina, NW South Carolina, and NE Georgia.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC5A7005D973FDAFE21.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A specimen of Napaeozapus was collected in Park County, Indiana (Lyon, 1942), though subsequent trapping failed to yield further examples (Mumford, 1969). The identity of the specimen was verified by Klingener (1965: 645) and Wrigley (1972: 42). Systematic revision and biology provided by Wrigley (1972). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Diagnosis, range map, and records provided by Hall (1981). Reviewed by Whitaker and Wrigley (1972, Mammalian Species, 14).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A6EE5D2A3DA3F742.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Zapus insignis Miller, 1891.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A6EE5D2A3DA3F742.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Napaeozapus see Klingener (1971).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A70157863B76FC10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Xinjiang, S slope Tien Shan Mtns, between Kapchagay (Chapzagaigol) and Tsaima (Zanma) Rivers.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A70157863B76FC10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tien Shan Mtns of Kazakhstan (see Sludskii, 1977); Tien Shan Mtns and E Tarbagatay Mtns of Xinjiang, China (see Ma et al., 1987).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A70157863B76FC10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987 b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. caudata, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD6FFC2A6EF510F3854F995.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The recognition of three distinct genera of zapodines has been challenged (Corbet, 1978 c). Higher level relationships among zapodines have been addressed by Preble (1899), who described Eozapus and Napaeozapus as new subgenera of Zapus, and by Krutzsch (1954), who supported generic separation based on differences in tooth number and occlusal pattern, bacula, and ear ossicles. Klingener (1964: 75) found no consistant differences in the myology of Zapus versus Napaeozapus (Eozapus was not included in his study), but favored generic separation of the two based on dental morphology. The dental differences documented in Preble (1899) and Krutzsch (1954) are substantial and phylogenetically significant; following Ellerman (1940) and Krutzsch (1954), three genera are retained here. A critical study documenting other morphological characters, and / or molecular differentiation among zapodines, as well as the level of differentiation of zapodines relative to other dipodids, is needed.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6B154D93AF7FD0F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dipus hudsonius Zimmermann, 1780.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6B154D93AF7FD0F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Preble (1899) and Krutzsch (1954). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Dental evolution investigated by Klingener (1963). For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Zapus see Klingener (1971). Phallic morphology described by Shenbrot (1992).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EB56283AC2FA8A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Ontario, Hudson Bay, Fort Severn (see Anderson, 1942 b).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EB56283AC2FA8A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: USA and Canada: S Alaska to S Coast Hudson Bay to Labrador, south to E North Carolina and NW South Carolina, southwest to NW Alabama, north to NE Mississippi and Tennessee, west to NE Oklahoma, northwest to SE Montana, northeast to SE Saskatchewan, northwest to C and S British Columbia. Isolated populations in S Wyoming, NC Colorado, N and C New Mexico, and EC Arizona.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EB56283AC2FA8A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as Z. h. luteus.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EB56283AC2FA8A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The S Rocky Mtn subspecies luteus, formerly assigned to princeps, was shown to represent hudsonius by Hafner et al. (1981). Diagnosis, records and range map (excluding Mississippi), provided by Hall (1981). Mississippi record given by Kennedy et al. (1982). Reviewed by Whitaker (1972, Mammalian Species, 11).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA50AF3847F8C2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Colorado, La Plata Co., Florida.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA50AF3847F8C2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Canada and USA: S Yukon southeast to NE South Dakota, west to C Montana, southeast to SE Wyoming, S to NC New Mexico; northwest to N and C Utah (isolated population in E Utah), N and C Nevada, EC California north to SW, C and E Oregon, SE Washington northwest to S Yukon.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA50AF3847F8C2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included luteus; see comment under hudsonius. Diagnosis, records, and range map provided by Hall (1981).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA52163870F76B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, British Columbia, mouth of the Frazer River, Lulu Isl.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA52163870F76B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Canada and USA: SW British Columbia, W Washington, coastal and WC Oregon, along the N California coast south to the Marin Peninsula.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA52163870F76B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate as Z. t. orarius.	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
039187BEFFD1FFC5A6EA52163870F76B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Diagnosis, records, and range map provided by Hall (1981). Reviewed by Gannon (1988, Mammalian Species, 315).	en	Mary Ellen Holden (1993): Order Rodentia - Family Dipodidae. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 487-499, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353072
