taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EB87E12706FFC25E8FFD801A70F7DA.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Revised by Maglio, 1973, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 63 (3): 1 - 149, who gave synonyms for Recent and extinct species.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA5FCD91A70F1DC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka (= Ceylon) (domesticated stock).	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA5FCD91A70F1DC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India to Indochina; Malaysia; Sumatra; N. Borneo.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA5FCD91A70F1DC.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: For discussion of subspecific variation see Deraniyagala, 1955, Ceylon Nat. Mus. Publ., Colombo, and Chasen, 1940. Bornean elephants are believed to be feral descendants of a stock introduced in the 1750 ' s; see de Silva, 1968, Sabah Soc. J., 3 (4): 169 — 181, and Olivier, 1978, Unpubl. Ph. D. Dissertation, Cambridge. According to Chasen, 1940, these elephants resemble the continental form rather than the one from Sumatra. See also Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966: 336; Corbet, 1978: 191 - 192.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA5FCD91A70F1DC.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA3F8511A6FFCBF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Orange River.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA3F8511A6FFCBF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S. Mauritania to Ethiopia and South Africa; extinct in N. Africa.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA3F8511A6FFCBF.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: Includes cyclotis; see Sikes, 1971, The Natural History of the African Elephant, but also see Haltenorth and Diller, 1977, Saugetiere Africas und Madagaskars, BLV, München, p. 130, who considered pumilio (a junior synonym of cyclotis) as a distinct species. For alternative discussions of variation in this species, see Ansell, 1971, Part 11: 1 - 5; Ellerman, Morrison-Scott and Hayman, 1953; and Coppens et al., in Maglio and Cooke, 1978. Reviewed by Laursen and Bekoff, 1978, Mamm. Species, 92: 1 - 8. Type locality restricted by Pohle, 1926, Z. Saugetierk., 1: 63.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25EA3F8511A6FFCBF.taxon	conservation	PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Threatened.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
03EB87E12706FFC25E8DFAF61A6EF243.taxon	discussion	COMMENT: The spelling in the original publication (F. Cuvier, 1825, in E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 3 (52): 2) was " Loxodonte. " However, this word has been fully latinized by other authors, at least since 1827, and has been generally accepted by zoologists in that form. The author of the 1827 publication (which is a review of Cuvier's part in the 1825 book) could not be determined. Under Article 11 (b) of the ICZN, 1964: 9, for a name to be accepted, it must be Latin or latinized. Therefore, neither " Loxodonte " F. Cuvier, 1825, nor " Loxodonta " F. Cuvier, 1827, are acceptable (JS, DPD). Lydekker, 1916, Cat. Ungulate Mammals Br. Mus., 5: 85, and others state that Loxodonta should be reduced to a subgenus, but Loxodonta and Elephas are distinct genera based on ongoing anatomical and biochemical / serological studies (JS). Revised by Maglio, 1973, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 63: 1 - 149.	en	James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Proboscidea. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 307, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353019
