identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
41263629C329747CFF15F8C5FBCD11E7.text	41263629C329747CFF15F8C5FBCD11E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopex Kaup 1829	<div><p>Alopex Kaup, 1829. Skizz. Entwickel. Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Theirwelt, 1:85.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis lagopus Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956a; Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Bobrinskii et al. (1965) considered Alopex a subgenus of Vulpes; Van Gelder (1978) considered it a subgenus of Canis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF15F8C5FBCD11E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C329747CFF3BF9E0FD701C2F.text	41263629C329747CFF3BF9E0FD701C2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:40.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "alpibus Lapponicis, Sibiria, " restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Sweden (Lapland)."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, entire tundra zone of the Holarctic, including most of the Arctic islands.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arctica Oken, 1816; argenteus Billberg, 1827; beringensis Merriam, 1902; beringianus Cherski, 1920; caerulea Nilsson, 1820; fuliginosus Bechstein, 1799; groenlandicus Bechstein, 1799; hallensis Merriam, 1900; innuitus Merriam, 1902; kenaiensis Brass, 1911; pribilofensis Merriam, 1902; spitzbergenensis Barrett-Hamilton and Bonhote, 1898; typicus Barrett-Hamilton and Bonhote, 1898; ungava Merriam, 1902.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Viable hybrids have been recorded between Alopex lagopus and Vulpes vulpes (Chiarelli, 1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF3BF9E0FD701C2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C329747CFF12F410FBB41CD2.text	41263629C329747CFF12F410FBB41CD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atelocynus Cabrera 1940	<div><p>Atelocynus Cabrera, 1940. Notas Mus. La Plata 5:14.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis microtis Sclater, 1883, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: See comments under Dusicyon. Placed in Atelocynus by Cabrera (1931, 1958), Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), and Berta (1985, 1986, 1988). Van Gelder (1978) considered Atelocynus a subgenus of Canis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF12F410FBB41CD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C329747CFF39F52DF8F21EA5.text	41263629C329747CFF39F52DF8F21EA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atelocynus microtis (Sclater 1883)	<div><p>Atelocynus microtis (Sclater, 1883). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882:631 [1883].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Amazons," restricted by Hershkovitz (1957a) to "south bank of the Rio Amazonas, Parâ, Brazil."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Amazonian Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; perhaps Bolivia, and a second, allopatric population in S Brazil, Paraguay and N Argentina (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: sclateri J. A. Allen, 1905.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Hershkovitz (1961a) and Berta (1986, Mammalian Species, 256).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF39F52DF8F21EA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C329747CFF13FF40F9D110E0.text	41263629C329747CFF13FF40F9D110E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canidae Fischer 1817	<div><p>Family Canidae Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Conservation status and distribution reviewed by Ginsberg and Macdonald (1990). Reviewed by Langguth (1975) and Stains (1975). Revisions by Langguth (1969), Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), Van Gelder (1978), Berta (1987, 1988), Wayne and O'Brien (1987), and Wayne et al. (1987 a, b, 1989) gave little support to the subfamilies recognized by Simpson (1945); therefore, no subfamilies are recognized here. Van Gelder's (1977b) hybridization criteria for generic classification resulted in the recognition of only a few genera, including some paraphyletic groups.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF13FF40F9D110E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C329747CFF10FDEFFB7B177F.text	41263629C329747CFF10FDEFFB7B177F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carnivora Bowdich 1821	<div><p>ORDER CARNIVORA</p> <p>COMMENTS: Recent studies on family level relationships have agreed in several key areas, among which are: (1) The sister group to the Carnivora is the +Creodonta. (2) The Recent Carnivora are organized into two monophyletic groups; Suborder Feliformia: felids, herpestids, hyaenids and viverrids; and Suborder Caniformia: canids, ursids, mustelids, odobenids, otariids, phocids, and procyonids. (3) The pinnipeds (otariids, odobenids, and phocids) are included within the suborder Caniformia; placing them in a separate Order would make the Carnivora paraphyletic (Flynn et al., 1988; Tedford, 1976; Wozencraft, 1989a; Berta, 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C329747CFF10FDEFFB7B177F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C328747DFEDBFE4FFCD11022.text	41263629C328747DFEDBFE4FFCD11022.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis adustus Sundevall 1847	<div><p>Canis adustus Sundevall, 1847. Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm, 1846, 3:121 [1847].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Caffraria Interiore"; listed as "Magaliesberg" [South Africa] by Sclater (1900).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Open woodland and semi-arid grassland from Senegal to Ethiopia, south to N Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and N South Africa. The W African population is largely "unknown" (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bweha Heller, 1914; centralis Schwarz, 1915; holubi Lorenz, 1895; kaffensis Neumann, 1902; lateralis Sclater, 1870; notatus Heller, 1914; studeri Hilzheimer, 1906; wunderlichi Noack, 1897.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747DFEDBFE4FFCD11022	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C328747DFEDAF817FCEA1310.text	41263629C328747DFEDAF817FCEA1310.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:40.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "oriente", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Bennd Mts., Laristan, S. Persia " [Iran].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N and E Africa, south to Senegal, Nigeria, and Tanzania; SW Asia; SE Europe; Transcaucasia; C Asia; Iran; Afghanistan; S Asia to Thailand, including Sri Lanka.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: algirensis Wagner, 1841; anthus Cuvier, 1820; balcanicus Brusina, 1892; barbarus Hfamilton]. Smith, 1839; bea Heller, 1914; caucasico Kolenati, 1858; cruesemanni Matschie, 1900; dalmatinus Wagner, 1841; doederleini Hilzheimer, 1906; ecsedensis Kretzoi, 1947; gallaensis Lorenz, 1906; graecus Wagner, 1841; grayi Hilzheimer, 1906; hadramauticus Noack, 1896; hungaricus Ehik, 1938; indicus Hodgson, 1833; kola Wroughton, 1916; lanka Wroughton, 1916; lupaster Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; maroccanus Cabrera, 1921; mengesi Noack, 1897; minor Mojsisovico, 1897; moreotica I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835; noria Wroughton, 1916; nubianus Cabrera, 1921; riparius Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; sacer Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; senegalensis Hfamilton], Smith, 1839; somalicus Lorenz, 1906; soudanicus Thomas, 1903; studeri Hilzheimer, 1906; syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; thooides Hilzheimer, 1906; tripolitanus Wagner, 1841; typicus Kolenati, 1858; variegatus Cretzschmar, 1826; vulgaris Wagner, 1841.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747DFEDAF817FCEA1310	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C328747DFEDCFB67FE251E6B.text	41263629C328747DFEDCFB67FE251E6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis latrans Say 1823	<div><p>Canis latrans Say, 1823. In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns, 1:168.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Engineer cantonment" reported at "latitude 41°25'N, and longitude.,.95°47'30'W" (p. XVIII, vol. 2). Reported in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S.A., Nebraska, Washington Co., Engineer Cantonment, about 12 mi. (19.2 km) S. E. Blair".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Originally may have occurred west of the Mississippi R., north to about 55°N, and south to Mexico City. Has extended its range north to N Alaska (USA), Northwest Territories, and Hudson Bay (Canada), approximately to 70°N, south to Costa Rica to approximately 10°N, and east to the Atlantic coast. Introduced in Florida and Georgia (Bekoff, 1977).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: cagottis H[amilton]. Smith, 1839; clepticus Elliot, 1903; dickeyi Nelson, 1932; estor Merriam, 1897; frustror Woodhouse, 1850; goldmani Merriam, 1904; hondurensis Goldman, 1936; impavidus Allen, 1903; jamesi Townsend, 1912; lestes Merriam, 1897; mearnsi Merriam, 1897; microdon Merriam, 1897; ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829; peninsulae Merriam, 1897; texensis Bailey, 1905; thamnos Jackson, 1949; umpquensis Jackson, 1949; vigilis Merriam, 1897.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Young (1951), and reviewed by Bekoff (1977, Mammalian Species, 79).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747DFEDCFB67FE251E6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C328747DFF35FD09F9521677.text	41263629C328747DFF35FD09F9521677.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Canis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:38.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (= Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) by Linnean tautonomy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Van Gelder (1978) included Alopex, Atelocynus, Cerdocyon, Pseudalopex, Lycalopex, Dusicyon, and Vulpes as subgenera. However, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (Berta, 1987, 1988; Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Hall, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747DFF35FD09F9521677	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211.text	41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:39.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europae sylvis, etjam frigidioribus", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Sweden ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the N hemisphere: North America south to 20°N in Oaxaca (Mexico); Europe; Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and Japan, excluding Indochina and S India. Extirpated from most of the continental USA, Europe, and SE China and Indochina (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Indian, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal populations); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered in the USA (48 conterminous States, except Minnesota) and Mexico; Threatened in Minnesota (USA). IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albus Kerr, 1792; alces Goldman, 1941; altaicus Noak, 1911; arabs Pocock, 1934; arctos Pocock, 1935; argunensis Dybowski, 1922; ater Richardson, 1839; baileyi Nelson and Goldman, 1929; banksianus Anderson, 1943; beothucus G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1937; bernardi Anderson, 1943; campestris Dwigubski, 1804; canadensis de Blainville, 1843; canus de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; chanco Gray, 1863; columbianus Goldman, 1941; communis Dwigubski, 1804; coreanus Abe, 1923; crassodon Halla, 1932; cubanensis Ognev, 1923; deitanus Cabrera, 1907; desertorum Bogdanov, 1992; dybowskii Kerr, 1792; ekloni Przewalski, 1883; familiaris Linnaeus, 1758; filchneri Matschie, 1908; flavus Kerr, 1792; fulvus de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; fusca Richardson, 1839; gigas Townsend, 1850; griseoalbus Baird, 1858; hattai Kishida, 1931; hodophilax Temminck, 1839; hudsonicus Goldman, 1941; irremotus Goldman, 1937; italicus Altobello, 1921; japonicus Nehring, 1883; kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1922; karanorensis Matschie, 1908; knightii Anderson, 1947; kurjak Bolkay, 1925; labradorius Goldman, 1937; laniger Hodgson, 1847; ligoni Goldman, 1937; lupus-griseus Sabine, 1823; lycaon Schreberrt, 1775; mackenzii Anderson, 1943; major Ogérien, 1863; manningi Anderson, 1943; minor Ogérien, 1863; mogollonensis Goldman, 1937; monstrabilis Goldman, 1937; nubilus Say, 1823; occidentalis Richardson, 1829; orientalis Wagner, 1841; orion Pocock, 1935; pallipes Sykes, 1831; pambasileus Elliot, 1905; rex Pocock, 1935; signatus Cabrera, 1907; sticte Richardson, 1839; tschiliensis Matschie, 1908; tundrarum Miller, 1912; turuchanensis Ognev, 1923; ungavensis Comeau, 1940; variabilis Say, 1823; youngi Goldman, 1937.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Meeh (1974, Mammalian Species, 37). C. familiaris has page priority over C. lupus in Linnaeus (1758), but both were published simultaneously, and C. lupus has been universally used for this species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32B747EFF31FA6AFA9E13D6.text	41263629C32B747EFF31FA6AFA9E13D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis mesomelas Schreber 1775	<div><p>Canis mesomelas Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere, 2(14):pl. 95 (1775]; text, 3(21):370[1776], 586(1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung" [South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Africa, south of the tropical rain-forest in the west and as far north as Ethiopia and Sudan in the east; two populations, (1) Angola across to mid­Mozambique and south; and (2) Ethiopia to Tanzania and northern most Zimbabwe east of Zaire (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: achrotes Thomas, 1926; arenarum Thomas, 1926; elgonae Heller, 1914; mcmillani Heller, 1914; schmidti Noack, 1897; variegatoides Smith, 1834.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32B747EFF31FA6AFA9E13D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32B747EFF31F430FCFC1EFB.text	41263629C32B747EFF31F430FCFC1EFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman 1851	<div><p>Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851. Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, 2:240.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Restricted by Goldman (1937) to " 15 miles west of Austin, Texas " [USA], based on accounts from Audubon and Bachman (1851).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SE and SC USA, from Florida to C Texas and north to S Indiana and Missouri.</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered (except Dare, Tyrrell, Hyde, and Washington Counties, North Carolina, which have a nonessential experimental population); IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: floridanus Miller, 1912; gregoryi Goldman, 1937; niger Bartram, 1791.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed and recognized by Paradiso and Nowak (1972, Mammalian Species, 22); also recognized by Paradiso (1968), Atkins and Dillion (1971), and Nowak (1979). The widely used name C. niger is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1957«). The validity of rufus as a full species was questioned by Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), due to the existence of natural hybrids with lupus and latrans. Natural hybridization may be a consequence of habitat disruption by man (Paradiso and Nowak, 1971). Nowak (1979) provided evidence for specific distinctness. All specimens examined by Wayne and Jenks (1991) had either a lupus or latrans mtDNA genotype.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32B747EFF31F430FCFC1EFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFEC6FD0EFABB167B.text	41263629C32A747FFEC6FD0EFABB167B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Canis simensis Ruppell 1840	<div><p>Canis simensis Rüppell, 1840. Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth., 1:39, pl. 14.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Wir beobachteten diesen wolfsartigen Hund in den Bergen von Simen..." [Ethiopia, mountains of Simen].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: C Ethiopia.</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: sinus Gervais, 1855; walgie Heuglin, 1863.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Sometimes placed in subgenus Simenia Gray, 1868.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFEC6FD0EFABB167B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFF33FE40FC6416D6.text	41263629C32A747FFF33FE40FC6416D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerdocyon H. Smith 1839	<div><p>Cerdocyon H[amilton]. Smith, 1839. Jardine's Natur. Libr., 9:259.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis azarae Wied, 1824 (= Cam’s Thous Linnaeus, 1766) by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1914a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFF33FE40FC6416D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFED9FF2DFC3211AF.text	41263629C32A747FFED9FF2DFC3211AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766). Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1:60.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Surinamo" [Surinam].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay and N Argentina to lowlands of Bolivia, Venezuela; Colombia and Guyanas; Brazil except Amazonia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: affinis Marelli, 1931; angulensis Thomas, 1903; apollinaris Thomas, 1914; aquilus Bangs, 1898; azarae Wied, 1824; brachyteles de Blainville, 1843; brasiliensis Wied, 1824; cancrivora Brongniart, 1792; fronto Lönnberg, 1919; fulvogriscus Zukowsky, 1950; germanus G. M. Allen, 1923; guaraxa H[amilton], Smith, 1829; jucundus Thomas, 1921; lunaris Thomas, 1914; melampus Wagner, 1841; melanostomus Wagner, 1843; mimax Thomas, 1914; riograndensis Ihering, 1911; robustior Lund, 1843; rudis Günther, 1879; savannarum Osgood, 1912; tucumanus Thomas, 1921; vetulus Studer, 1905.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Berta (1982, Mammalian Species, 186). Placed in Cerdocyon by Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), and Berta (1982); placed in subgenus Canis (Cerdocyon) by Van Gelder (1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFED9FF2DFC3211AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFED8FA55FB3013CD.text	41263629C32A747FFED8FA55FB3013CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger 1815)	<div><p>Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815). Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Pruess. Akad. Wiss., 1804- 1811:121.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Listed by Cabrera (1958) as "los esteros del Paraguay ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina; Paraguay; lowlands of Bolivia; Brazil from Rio Grande do Sul to Minas Gerais, Goiâs and Mato Grosso.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: campestris Wied[-Neuwied], 1826; cancrosa Oken, 1816; isodactylus Ameghino, 1906; jubatus Desmarest, 1820; vulpes Larranaga, 1923.</p> <p>COMMENTS: See Dietz (1985, Mammalian Species, 234).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFED8FA55FB3013CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFF32F992FE1F127D.text	41263629C32A747FFF32F992FE1F127D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysocyon H. Smith 1839	<div><p>Chrysocyon Hamilton, Smith, 1839. Jardine's Natur. Libr., 9:241.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis jubatus Desmarest, 1820 (= Canis brachyurus liliger, 1815).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Recognized by Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), Van Gelder (1978), and Berta (1988).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFF32F992FE1F127D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFEDAF4F4FA661EC8.text	41263629C32A747FFEDAF4F4FA661EC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cuon alpinus (Pallas 1811)	<div><p>Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811). Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1:34.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Udskoi Ostrog"; reported in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., Amurskaya Obi., Udskii-Ostrog."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Java; Sumatra; Malaysia; montane forest areas of the Indian peninsula and N Pakistan through Tibet and Xinjiang (Tian Shan and Altai—extinct); Indochina and China to Korea and Ussuri region (Russia), and mountains of S Siberia and N Mongolia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: clamitans Heude, 1892; dukhunensis Sykes, 1831; fumosus Pocock, 1936; grayiformes Hodgson, 1863; hesperius Afanasiev and Zolotarev, 1935; infuscus Pocock, 1936; javanicus Desmarest, 1820; laniger Pocock, 1936; lepturus Heude, 1892; primaevus Hodgson, 1833; rutilans Blanford, 1839; sumatrensis Hardwicke, 1822.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Cohen (1978, Mammalian Species, 100).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFEDAF4F4FA661EC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32A747FFF34F431FD901C80.text	41263629C32A747FFF34F431FD901C80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cuon Hodgson 1838	<div><p>Cuon Hodgson, 1838. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 1:152.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cam’s primaevus Hodgson, 1838, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in subfamily Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32A747FFF34F431FD901C80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF3DFF5BFB141080.text	41263629C32D7478FF3DFF5BFB141080.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dusicyon australis (Kerr 1792)	<div><p>Dusicyon australis (Kerr, 1792). In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, p. 144.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America and Falkland islands."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Falkland Islands.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antarcticus Bechstein, 1799; darwini Thomas, 1914.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1931) and Berta (1987, 1988), and considered as a subgenus separate from other "foxes" (i.e., culpaeus, griseus, gymnocercus, and sechurae) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF3DFF5BFB141080	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF17FD11FA761764.text	41263629C32D7478FF17FD11FA761764.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dusicyon C. E. H. Smith 1839	<div><p>Dusicyon H[amilton], Smith, 1839. Jardine's Natur. Libr., 9:248.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cam's antarcticus Bechstein, 1799 (= C. australis Kerr, 1792), by subsequent designation by Cabrera (1931).</p> <p>COMMENTS: There has been general disagreement as to generic classification of the South American canids, with most of the disagreement centered on the species australis, culpaeus, griseus, gymnocercus, microtis, sechurae, thous, and vetulus. Van Gelder (1978) proposed placing these taxa into Canis and giving only subgeneric recognition. The other extreme is best represented by Cabrera (1931) who recognized 5 genera for this group. Langguth (1969) first followed Cabrera's classification, but later (1975) decided to group most taxa into Canis, because he felt differences were not sufficient to warrant generic distinctions. The phenetic approaches of Clutton-Brock et al. (1976) and Wayne and O'Brien (1987) confirmed the close similarities of these taxa. Berta's (1987, 1988) phylogenetic hypothesis is followed here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF17FD11FA761764	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF16F8E3F8E81150.text	41263629C32D7478FF16F8E3F8E81150.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycaon Brookes 1827	<div><p>Lycaon Brookes, 1827. In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom, 5:151.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Lycaon tricolor Brookes, 1827 (= Hyaena pietà Temminck, 1820) by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF16F8E3F8E81150	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF3CF9A8FDBF1C71.text	41263629C32D7478FF3CF9A8FDBF1C71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycaon pictus (Temminck 1820)	<div><p>Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820). Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., 3:54, pl. 35.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "à la côte de Mosambique" [Mozambique].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, except in the desert area of the north and the tropical rain-forest of the west. See Ginsberg and Macdonald (1990, fig. 6) for present status of population.</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: cacondae Matschie, 1915; dieseneri Matschie, 1915; ebermaieri Matschie, 1915; fuchsi Matschie, 1915; gansseri Matschie, 1915; gobabis Matschie, 1915; hennigi Matschie, 1915; huebneri Matschie, 1915; kondoae Matschie, 1915; krebsi Matschie, 1915; lademanni Matschie, 1915; lalandei Matschie, 1915; langheldi Matschie, 1915; luchsingeri Matschie, 1915; lupinus Thomas, 1902; manguensis Matschie, 1915; mischlichi Matschie, 1915; prageri Matschie, 1912; richteri Matschie, 1915; ruppelli Matschie, 1915; ruwanae Matschie, 1915; sharicus Thomas, 1907; ssongeae Matschie, 1915; stierlingi Matschie, 1915; styxi Matschie, 1915; taborae Matschie, 1915; takanus Matschie, 1915; tricolor Brookes, 1827; typicus A.. Smith, 1833; venatica Burchell, 1822; windhorni Matschie, 1915; wintgensi Matschie, 1915; zedlitzi Matschie, 1915; zuluensis Thomas, 1904.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF3CF9A8FDBF1C71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF3DF4CCFA081E3C.text	41263629C32D7478FF3DF4CCFA081E3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray 1834)	<div><p>Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834). Illustr. Indian Zool., 2:pl. 1.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown; restricted to "vicinity of Canton, China " by Allen (1938).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Ussuri region (Russia), Korea, China, Japan, and N Indochina.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albus Hornaday, 1904; amurensis Matschie, 1908; koreensis Mori, 1922; orestes Thomas, 1923; sinensis Brass, 1904; stegmanni Matschie, 1908; ussuriensis Matschie, 1908; viverrinus Temminck, 1839.</p> <p>COMMENTS: See Ward and Wurster-Hill (1990, Mammalian Species, 358).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF3DF4CCFA081E3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF16F4B3F98A1CF3.text	41263629C32D7478FF16F4B3F98A1CF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nyctereutes Temminck 1839	<div><p>Nyctereutes Temminck, 1839. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 5:285.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis viverrinus Temminck, 1839 (= Canis procyonoides Gray, 1834).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF16F4B3F98A1CF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32D7478FF14F600FCDD1E94.text	41263629C32D7478FF14F600FCDD1E94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otocyon Muller 1836	<div><p>Otocyon Müller, 1836. Arch. Anat. Physiol., Jahresber. Fortschr. Wiss., 1835:1 [1836].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Otocyon caffer Müller, 1836 (= Canis megalotis Desmarest, 1822), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32D7478FF14F600FCDD1E94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C7479FED7FD0DF970167B.text	41263629C32C7479FED7FD0DF970167B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otocyon megalotis (Desmarest 1822)	<div><p>Otocyon megalotis (Desmarest, 1822). Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Meth., 2(Suppl.):538.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "le Cap de Bonne-Espérance" (South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Allopatric south (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa) and east (Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania) African popultions (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: auritus Hamilton], Smith, 1840; caffer Müller, 1836; canescens Cabrera, 1910; lalandi Desmoulins, 1823; steinhardti Zukowsky, 1924; virgatus Miller, 1909.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C7479FED7FD0DF970167B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C7479FF02FEBFF98F1030.text	41263629C32C7479FF02FEBFF98F1030.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex Burmeister 1856	<div><p>Pseudalopex Burmeister, 1856. Erläut Fauna Brasiliens, 24, pp. 44 -54.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis magellanicus Gray, 1836 (= Canis culpaeus Molina, 1782), by subsequent designation by Cabrera (1931).</p> <p>COMMENTS: See comments under Dusicyon. Although combining taxa included here with Dusicyon would not be in conflict with Berta (1987, 1988), her analyses suggested that other genera, now extinct, are more closely related to Dusicyon. Berta (1987, 1988) presented derived features that would support a single origin for those taxa recognized here in Pseudalopex (which would also agree with Cabrera, 1958 and Stains, 1975). A detailed comparative morphological study by Langguth (1969) caused him to conclude (1975:193) that Pseudalopex merited generic rank.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C7479FF02FEBFF98F1030	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C7479FF28F807FCB4127C.text	41263629C32C7479FF28F807FCB4127C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex culpaeus (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Pseudalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 293.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili " restricted by Cabrera (1931) to "the Santiago Province."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: From Tierra del Fuego through the Andes of Chile and Argentina to the highlands of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albigula Philippi, 1903; amblyodon Philippi, 1903; andina Thomas, 1914; chilensis Kerr, 1792; ferrugineus Huber, 1925; lycoides Philippi, 1896; magellanicus Gray, 1836; montanus Prichard, 1902; prichardi Thomas, 1914; reissii Hilzheimer, 1906; riveti Trouessart, 1906; smithersi Thomas, 1914.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1987, 1988); and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1958). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975), Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), and Van Gelder (1978). Includes culpaeolus (part) and inca (part), mismatched skin and skull (Langguth, 1967).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C7479FF28F807FCB4127C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C7479FF2BFA54FB761CA6.text	41263629C32C7479FF2BFA54FB761CA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex griseus (Gray 1837)	<div><p>Pseudalopex griseus (Gray, 1837). Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:578.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Magellan", listed in Cabrera (1958) as "Costa del Estrecho de Magallanes " [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Atacama (Chile) and Santiago del Estero (Argentina) south to Tierra del Fuego.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: domeykoanus Philippi, 1901; fulvipes Martin, 1837; gracilis Kraglievich, 1930; lagopus Molina, 1782; maullinicus Philippi, 1903; patagonicus Philippi, 1866; rufipes Philippi, 1901; torquatus Philippi, 1903; zorrula Thomas, 1921.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988) and Dusicyon by Cabrera (1958). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975, and Van Gelder (1978). Cabrera (1958) and Osgood (1943) considered Vulpes fulvipes distinct, however, Langguth (1969) presented data to support its inclusion.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C7479FF2BFA54FB761CA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C7479FF2AF49EF9531E10.text	41263629C32C7479FF2AF49EF9531E10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer 1814)	<div><p>Pseudalopex gymnocercus (Fischer, 1814). Zoognosia, 3:xi, 178.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Paraguay ", restricted by Cabrera (1958) to "a los alrededores de Asunción."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, north of Rio Negro; Paraguay; Uruguay; S Brazil; E Bolivia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antiquus Ameghino, 1889; brasiliensis Schinz, 1821; cinereoargenteus Larranaga, 1923; entrerianus Burmeister, 1861; fossilis H. Gervais and Ameghino, 1889; protalopex Lund, 1839.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988) and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1958). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C7479FF2AF49EF9531E10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32C747AFF2DF669F9481551.text	41263629C32C747AFF2DF669F9481551.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex sechurae (Thomas 1900)	<div><p>Pseudalopex sechurae (Thomas, 1900). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 5:148.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Desert of Sechura, N.W. Peru... Sullana".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NW Peru and SW Ecuador.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988) and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1958). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32C747AFF2DF669F9481551	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF3BFDA8FBDB1719.text	41263629C32F747AFF3BFDA8FBDB1719.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudalopex vetulus (Lund 1842)	<div><p>Pseudalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842). K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl., 9:4.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Listed by Cabrera (1958) as "Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais " [Brazil].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: C Brazilian Highlands in the States of Mato Grosso, Goiâs, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Sâo Paulo.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: azarae Lund, 1839; chilensis Gray, 1868; fulvicaudus Lund, 1843; parvidens Mivart, 1890; sladeni Thomas, 1903; urostictus Mivart, 1890.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1987, 1988); in Dusicyon (Lycalopex) by Cabrera (1958) (and implied by Stains, 1975); in Lycalopex by Langguth (1975); and considered in Canis (Lycalopex) by Van Gelder (1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF3BFDA8FBDB1719	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF15FF5CFBAC1029.text	41263629C32F747AFF15FF5CFBAC1029.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speothos Lund 1839	<div><p>Speothos Lund, 1839. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2, 11:224.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Speothos pacivorus Lund, 1839 (extinct).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Berta and Marshall (1978) included lcticyon. Placed in Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF15FF5CFBAC1029	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF3BF81FF9D31138.text	41263629C32F747AFF3BF81FF9D31138.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Speothos venaticus (Lund 1842)	<div><p>Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842). K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl., 9:67.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Lagoa Santa" [Minas Gerais, Brazil].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Forested areas of Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil (except the semiarid NE); E Peru; Ecuador; Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; French Guiana; Surinam; Panama.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: baskii Schinz, 1849; melanogaster Gray, 1846; wingei Ihering, 1911.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF3BF81FF9D31138	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF12F97AF9FD11C6.text	41263629C32F747AFF12F97AF9FD11C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocyon Baird 1857	<div><p>Urocyon Baird, 1857. Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv., 8(1):121, 138.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis virginianus Schreber, 1775 (= Canis cinereo argenteus Schreber, 1775) by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1901; Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Considered a subgenus of Vulpes by Clutton-Brock et al. (1976).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF12F97AF9FD11C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF39FA3FFDF71CE6.text	41263629C32F747AFF39FA3FFDF71CE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber 1775)	<div><p>Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 1775). Die Säugethiere, 2(13):pl. 92 [1775]; text: 3(21):361 [1776].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Sein Vaterland ist Carolina und die Wärmeren Gegenden von Nordamerica, vielleicht auch Surinam."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: North America from Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado in the West and the USA-Canadian border in the East through Central America to N Colombia and Venezuela.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: borealis Merriam, 1903; californicus Mearns, 1897; colimensis Goldman, 1938; costaricensis Goodwin, 1938; floridanus Rhoads, 1895; fraterculus Elliot, 1896; furvus Allen and Barbour, 1923; guatemalae Miller, 1899; inyoensis Elliot, 1904; madrensis Burt and Hooper, 1941; nigrirostris Lichtenstein, 1850; ocythous Bangs, 1899; orinontus Goldman, 1938; parvidens Miller, 1899; peninsularis Huey, 1928; pensylvanicus Boddaert, 1784; scottii Mearns, 1891; sequoiensis Dixon, 1910; texensis Mearns, 1897; townsendi Merriam, 1899; virginianus Schreber, 1775.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Fritzell and Haroldson (1982, Mammalian Species, 189). Placed in Canis (Vulpes) by Van Gelder (1978); Clutton-Brock et al. (1976) placed it in Vulpes (Urocyon).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF39FA3FFDF71CE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747AFF39F4E0FCEE1E7C.text	41263629C32F747AFF39F4E0FCEE1E7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urocyon littoralis (Baird 1857)	<div><p>Urocyon littoralis (Baird, 1857). Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv., 8(1):143.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "island of San Miguel, on the coast of California."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Islands off the Pacific coast of S California (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Rare.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: catalinae Merriam, 1903; clementae Merriam, 1903; dickeyi Grinnell and Linsdale, 1930; santacruzae Merriam, 1903; santarosae Grinnell and Linsdale, 1930.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Canis (Vulpes) by Van Gelder (1978); Clutton-Brock et al. (1976) placed it in Vulpes (Urocyon). May be conspecific with U. cinereoargenteus (Stains, 1975; Van Gelder, 1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747AFF39F4E0FCEE1E7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32F747BFF13F6BEF9C9167E.text	41263629C32F747BFF13F6BEF9C9167E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes Frisch 1775	<div><p>Vulpes Frisch, 1775. Das Natur-System der Vierfüssigen Thiere, p. 15.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis vulpes Linnaeus, 1758, by designation under the plenary powers (Melville and Smith, 1978).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Fennecus Desmarest, 1804.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although Frisch (1774 (1775]) has been ruled a rejected work for nomenclatural purposes, Vulpes has been retained (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1979). Considered a subgenus of Canis by Van Gelder (1978); however, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Hall, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989b). Includes Fennecus; see comments under V. zerda and Urocyon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32F747BFF13F6BEF9C9167E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFEDEFE56FB53174E.text	41263629C32E747BFEDEFE56FB53174E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw 1800)	<div><p>Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw, 1800). Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist., 1(2), Mammalia, p. 330.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Bengal."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India, Pakistan, S Nepal.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India); IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: chrysurus Gray, 1837; hodgsonii Gray, 1837; indicus Hodgson, 1833; kokree Sykes, 1831; rufescens Gray, 1833; xanthura Gray, 1837.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFEDEFE56FB53174E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFEDEFF46FAF51032.text	41263629C32E747BFEDEFF46FAF51032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes cana Blanford 1877	<div><p>Vulpes cana Blanford, 1877. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 2:321.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Gwadar, Baluchistan ", [Pakistan].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, NE Iran, Pakistan.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFEDEFF46FAF51032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFED1F80AF960112D.text	41263629C32E747BFED1F80AF960112D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes chama (A. Smith 1833)	<div><p>Vulpes chama (A. Smith, 1833). S. Afr. Quart. J., 2:89.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Namaqualand and the country on both sides of the Orange river" [Namibia]; fixed by Shortridge (1942) as "Port Nolloth, Little Namaqualand."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Southern Africa, S Angola, and S of Zambia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: caama Smith, 1839; hodgsoni Noack, 1910; variegatoides Layard, 1861.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFED1F80AF960112D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFED1F923FCFC12A0.text	41263629C32E747BFED1F923FCFC12A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus 1768)	<div><p>Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus, 1768). Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 3: appendix 223.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in campis magi deserti ab Jaco fluvio verus Irtim"; listed by Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., N. Kazakhstan, steppes between Ural and Irtysh rivers, near Petropavlovsk."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan, Russia, C Asia, Mongolia, Transbaikalia, NE China, N Afghanistan.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: kalmykorum Ognev, 1935; nigra Kastschenko, 1912; scorodumovi Bobrinskii, 1944; turkmenica Ognev, 1935.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFED1F923FCFC12A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFED1FA98FA94130C.text	41263629C32E747BFED1FA98FA94130C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson 1842	<div><p>Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson, 1842. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 11:278.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "brought from Lassa" [Tibet, China].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: China: Tibet, Tsinghai, Kansu, and Yunnan; Nepal.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFED1FA98FA94130C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFED0FB03FACC1CA9.text	41263629C32E747BFED0FB03FACC1CA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes pallida (Cretzschmar 1826)	<div><p>Vulpes pallida (Cretzschmar, 1826). In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth., 1 (2):33, pl. 11.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kordofan" [Sudan].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Semiarid sahelian region of Africa from Senegal through Nigeria, Cameroon, and Sudan to Somalia.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: edwardsi Rochebrune, 1883; harterti Thomas and Hinton, 1921; oertzeni Matschie, 1910; sabbar Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFED0FB03FACC1CA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E747BFED3F4A0FA9F1DEF.text	41263629C32E747BFED3F4A0FA9F1DEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes rueppelli (Schinz 1825)	<div><p>Vulpes rueppelli (Schinz, 1825). In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich, 4:508.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Vatherland Dongola".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Arid areas of N Africa from Morocco to Somalia; Egypt; Sinai; Arabia; Iran; parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: caesia Thomas, 1921; cirenaica Festa, 1921; famelicus Cretzschmar, 1826; sabaea Pocock, 1934; somaliae Thomas, 1918; zarudnyi Birula, 1912.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E747BFED3F4A0FA9F1DEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C32E7474FED3F5E9FD6B1765.text	41263629C32E7474FED3F5E9FD6B1765.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes velox (Say 1823)	<div><p>Vulpes velox (Say, 1823). In James, Account of an Exped. from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mtns, 1:487.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "camp on the river Platte, at the fording place of the Pawnee Indians, twenty-seven miles below the confluence of the North and South, or Paduca Forks." [Camp on 20 June 1820 reported to be at 40°59'15'N (vol. 2)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: C North America from SE British Columbia, SC Alberta and SW Saskatchewan (Canada) to NW Texas (panhandle) and E New Mexico, east of Rockies (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as V. v. hebes (Canada populations) and as V. macrotis mutica.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arizonensis Goldman, 1931; arsipus Elliot, 1903; devia Nelson and Goldman, 1909; hebes Merriam, 1902; macrotis Merriam, 1888; muticus Merriam, 1902; neomexicana Merriam, 1902; nevadensis Goldman, 1931; tenuirostris Nelson and Goldman, 1931; zinseri Benson, 1938.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Egoscue (1979, Mammalian Species, 122) and McGrew (1979, Mammalian Species, 123, as V. macrotis). Revised by Waithman and Roest (1977) and Dragoo et al. (1990). Blair et al. (1968), Lechleitner (1969), Bueler (1973), and Dragoo et al. (1990) considered macrotis and velox conspecific. Packard and Bowers (1970), Rohwer and Kilgore (1973), and Thornton and Creel (1975) (who found hybrids between velox and macrotis but concluded they were of reduced viability) retained both as species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C32E7474FED3F5E9FD6B1765	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3217474FED5FF5DFE361D37.text	41263629C3217474FED5FF5DFE361D37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:40.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europa, Asia, Africa, antrafodiens," restricted by Thomas (1911a), to " Sweden (Upsala)."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Europe and continental Asia except the tundra; N India and peninsular Indochina; Japan; Palearctic Africa; N America as far south as Texas and New Mexico (USA), but absent in part of the Central Plains and the Arctic. Introduced to Australia; see Corbet and Hill (1980:93).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India) as V. v. griffithi, V. v. montana, and V. v. pusilla (= leucopus).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: abietorum Merriam, 1900; acaab Cabrera, 1916; aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816; alascensis Merriam, 1900; alba Borkhausen, 1797; algeriensis Loche, 1858; alopex Blanford, 1881; alpherakyi Satunin, 1906; alticola Ognev, 1926; anadyrensis J. A. Allen, 1903; anatolica Thomas, 1920; anubis Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; arabica Thomas, 1902; atlantica Wagner, 1841; aurantioluteus Matschie, 1907; bangsi Merriam, 1900; barbarus Shaw, 1800; beringiana Middendorff, 1875; cascadensis Merriam, 1900; caucasico Dinnik, 1914; cinera Bechstein, 1801; communis Burnett, 1830; crucigera Bechstein, 1789; daurica Ognev, 1931; deletrix Bangs, 1898; dolichocrania Ognev, 1926; dorsalis Gray, 1837; eckloni Jacobi, 1923; flavescens Gray, 1843; fulvus Desmarest, 1820; griffithii Blyth, 1854; harrimani Merriam, 1900; himalaicus Ogilby, 1836; hoole Swinhoe, 1870; huli Sowerby, 1923; hypomelas Wagner, 1841; ichnusae Miller, 1907; indutus Miller, 1907; jakutensis Ognev, 1923; japonica Gray, 1868; kamtschadensis Brass, 1911; karagan Erxleben, 1777; kenaiensis Merriam, 1900; kiyomasai Kishida and Mori, 1929; krimeamontana Brauner, 1914; kurdistanica Satunin, 1906; ladacensis Matschie, 1907; leucopus Blyth, 1854; lineatus Billberg, 1827; lineiventer Swinhoe, 1870; lutea Bechstein, 1801; macrourus Baird, 1852; melanogaster Bonaparte, 1832; melanotus Pallas, 1811; meridionalis Fitzinger, 1855; montana Pearson, 1836; necator Merriam, 1900; nepalensis Gray, 1837; nigra Borkhausen, 1797; nigro-argenteus Nillson, 1820; nigrocaudatus Billberg, 1827; niloticus Desmarest, 1820; ochroxantha Ognev, 1926; palaestina Thomas, 1920; peculiosa Kishida, 1924; pennsylvanicus Rhoads, 1894; persicus Blanford, 1875; pusilla Blyth, 1854; regalis Merriam, 1900; rubricosa Bangs, 1898; schrencki Kishida, 1924; silaceus Miller, 1907; sitkaensis Brass, 1911; splendens Thomas, 1902; splendidissima Kishida, 1924; stepensis Brauner, 1914; tobolica Ognev, 1926; tschiliensis Matschie, 1907; ussuriensis Dybowski, 1922; vafra Bangs, 1897; variagatus Billberg, 1827; vulgaris Oken, 1816; vulpecula Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; waddelli Bonhote, 1906.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3217474FED5FF5DFE361D37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3217474FED5F50EFBAA1E89.text	41263629C3217474FED5F50EFBAA1E89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vulpes zerda (Zimmermann 1780)	<div><p>Vulpes zerda (Zimmermann, 1780). Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere, 2:247.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Es bewohnt die Soara und andere Theile von Nordafrika hinter den Atlas, der Ritter Bruce behauptet, man fände es auch in tripolitanischen."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Morocco to Arabia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arabicus Desmarest, 1804; aurita Meyer, 1793; brucei Desmarest, 1820; cerdo Gmelin, 1788; denhamii Boitard, 1842; fennecus Lesson, 1827; saarensis Skjöldebrand, 1777; zaarensis Gray, 1843.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in fennecus by Stains (1975).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3217474FED5F50EFBAA1E89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FF26FEE9FB911705.text	41263629C3207475FF26FEE9FB911705.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acinonychinae Pocock 1917	<div><p>Subfamily Acinonychinae Pocock, 1917. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8,20:332.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Acinonyx Brookes, 1828.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FF26FEE9FB911705	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FF3BFF68FB3F1061.text	41263629C3207475FF3BFF68FB3F1061.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acinonyx Brookes 1828	<div><p>Acinonyx Brookes, 1828. Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. J. Brookes, London, p. 16, 33.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Acinonyx Venator Brookes, 1828 (= Felis jubata Schreber, 1775), by monotypy (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956«; Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Cynaelurus Gloger, 1841; Cynailurus Wagler, 1830; Cynofelis Lesson, 1842; Guepar Boitard, 1842; Guepardus Duvernoy, 1834.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FF3BFF68FB3F1061	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FEC0F858FAC21350.text	41263629C3207475FEC0F858FAC21350.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber 1775)	<div><p>Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber, 1775). Die Säugethiere, 2(15):pl. 105 (1775); text 3(22):392[1777).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "südliche Afrika; man bekömmt die Felle vom Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung" [South Africa, Cape Province, Cape of Good Hope).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Western Sahara, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Now restricted to N Iran and Subsaharan Africa, except rain forest and some areas in the south.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Endangered as A. j. venaticus, otherwise Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: fearonii Smith, 1834; fearonis Fitzinger, 1869; guttata Hermann, 1804; hecki Hilzheimer, 1913; lanea Sclater, 1877; megabalica Heuglin, 1863; ngorongorensis Hilzheimer, 1913; obergi Hilzheimer, 1913; raddei Hilzheimer, 1913; raineyi Heller, 1913; rex Pocock, 1927; senegalensis Blainville, 1843; soemmeringii Fitzinger, 1855; velox Heller, 1913; venatica Griffith, 1821; venator Brookes, 1828; wagneri Hilzheimer, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Acinonyx by Pocock (1917), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Krâl and Zima (1980), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FEC0F858FAC21350	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FF3CF413FC311C88.text	41263629C3207475FF3CF413FC311C88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caracal Gray 1843	<div><p>Caracal Gray, 1843. List. Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p. 46.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Caracal melanotis Gray, 1843 (= Felis caracal Schreber, 1776), by monotypy.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Urolynchus Severtzov, 1858.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FF3CF413FC311C88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FF39FD0FF8BF1686.text	41263629C3207475FF39FD0FF8BF1686.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felidae G. Fischer 1817	<div><p>Family Felidae G. Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1917, 1951), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kräl and Zima (1980), Kratochvfl (1982c), Groves (1982a), and Collier and O'Brien (1985). Some (Honacki et al., 1982; Van Gelder, 1977b) have followed Simpson (1945) and placed the majority of taxa in Felis, except for the large cats (Panthera and Acinonyx); however, this is not well supported by primary systematic studies and only poorly represents relationships below the family level. Although taxonomic disagreements appear at first to be considerable, most revolve around the recognition of categories at the generic versus the subgeneric level and interpretations of degrees of similarity.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FF39FD0FF8BF1686	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207475FF3AFB93FBD51C2F.text	41263629C3207475FF3AFB93FBD51C2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felinae Fischer 1817	<div><p>Subfamily Felinae Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Felis Linnaeus, 1758.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207475FF3AFB93FBD51C2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0.text	41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caracal caracal (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Caracal caracal (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(16):pl. 110 (1776]; text 3(24):413, 587(1777).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung", restricted by Allen (1924:281) to "Table Mountain, near Cape Town, South Africa ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Aden, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Kuwait, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Pakistan, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe. See Stuart (1984) for distribution and status information.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Felis caracal (Asian population); otherwise, Appendix II; IUCN - Rare as F. c. michaelis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aharonii Matschie, 1912; algira Wagner, 1841; bengalensis Fischer, 1829; berberorum Matschie, 1892; coloniae Thomas, 1926; corylinus Matschie, 1912; damarensis Roberts, 1926; limpopoensis Roberts, 1926; lucani Rochebrune, 1885; medjerdae Matschie, 1912; melanotis Gray, 1843; michaelis Heptner, 1945; nubicus Fischer, 1829; poecilotis Thomas and Hinton, 1921; roothi Roberts, 1926; schmitzi Matschie, 1912; spatzi Matschie, 1912.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Allen (1924) discussed the authority and the type locality. Several recent studies (Groves, 1982a; Krâl and Zima, 1980) emphasized the closeness of this taxon to Felis and the separation of it from Lynx (sensu Simpson, 1945). Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Werdelin (1981), placed caracal in the monotypic Caracal (= Urolynchus of Kratochvll, 1982c) followed here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237476FED9FFB7FD541086.text	41263629C3237476FED9FFB7FD541086.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catopuma badia (Gray 1874)	<div><p>Catopuma badia (Gray, 1874). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874:322.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Borneo, Sarawak " [Malaysia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Rare.</p> <p>COMMENTS: This poorly known species was placed in Catopuma by Hemmer (1978) and Groves (1982a). Placed in the monotypic Badiofelis by Pocock (1932d:749), followed by Weigel (1961).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237476FED9FFB7FD541086	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237476FF33FEF3FC61175F.text	41263629C3237476FF33FEF3FC61175F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catopuma Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Catopuma Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:387.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis moortnensis Hodgson, 1831 (= Felis temminckii Vigors and Horsfield, 1827), by monotypy.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Badiofelis Pocock, 1932.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237476FF33FEF3FC61175F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237476FED8F8FDFDEF12A3.text	41263629C3237476FED8F8FDFDEF12A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catopuma temminckii (Vigors and Horsfield 1827)	<div><p>Catopuma temminckii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). Zool. J., 3:451.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Burma, China (from Shaanxi and Jiangxi to the south), Indonesia (Sumatra), India, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aurata Blyth, 1863; badiodorsalis Howell, 1926; bainsei Sowerby, 1924; dominicanorum Sclater, 1898; mitchelli Lydekker, 1908; moormensis Hodgson, 1831; nigrescens Gray, 1863; semenovi Satunin, 1904; tristis Milne-Edwards, 1872.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Catopuma by Hemmer (1978) and Groves (1982a). Placed in Profelis by Pocock (1932d), followed by Weigel (1961), Krâl and Zima (1980), and Kratochvll (1982c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237476FED8F8FDFDEF12A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237476FEDBFBF5F9151D10.text	41263629C3237476FEDBFBF5F9151D10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis bieti Milne-Edwards 1892	<div><p>Felis bieti Milne-Edwards, 1892. Rev. Gen. Sei. Pures Appi., 3:671.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Batang â Tatsien-Lou", restricted by Pousargues (1898:358) to "environ de Tongolo et de Ta-tsien-lou" [China, Sichuan].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to the dry steppe from the eastern flanks of the Tibetan plateau in C China north to Nei Monggol; perhaps to Mongolia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: chutuchta Birula, 1917; pallida Büchner, 1893; subpallida Jacobi, 1922; vellerosa Pocock, 1943.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Haltenorth (1953) suggested chutuchta and vellerosa belonged in sylvestris.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237476FEDBFBF5F9151D10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237476FF34FA87F941139E.text	41263629C3237476FF34FA87F941139E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Felis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:41.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 (= Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775), by Linnean tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Catolynx Severtzov, 1858; Chaus Gray, 1843; Eremaelurus Ognev, 1927; Microfelis Roberts, 1926; Otailurus Severtzov, 1858.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Schwangart (1943), Pocock (1951), and Haltenorth (1953).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237476FF34FA87F941139E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3237477FEDBF56AFA86160B.text	41263629C3237477FEDBF56AFA86160B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis chaus Schreber 1777	<div><p>Felis chaus Schreber, 1777. Die Säugethiere, 2(13):pl. 110.B[1777]; text, 3(24):414 [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "wohnt in den sumpfigen mit Schilf bewachsenen oder bewaldeten Gegenden der Steppen um das kaspische Meer, und die in selbiges fallenden Flüse. Auf der Nordseite des Terekflusses und der Festung Kislar... desto Hünfiger aber bey der Mündung der Kur...". Listed in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., Dagestan, Terek River, N. of the Caucasus".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Algeria, Arabia, Benin, Burma, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, republics of the former USSR, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: affinis Gray, 1830; catolynx Pallas, 1811; chrysomelanotis Nehring, 1902; erythrotus Hodgson, 1836; fulvidina Thomas, 1928; furax de Winton, 1898; jacquemonti Geoffroy, 1844; kelaarti Pocock, 1939; kutas Pearson, 1832; libycus Olivier, 1804; nilotica de Winton, 1898; prateri Pocock, 1939; ruppelii Brandt, 1832; shawiana Blanford, 1876; typica de Winton, 1898.</p> <p>COMMENTS: F. chaus Goldenstädt, 1776, is invalid (Allen, 1920).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3237477FEDBF56AFA86160B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3227477FED8FE02FAD51076.text	41263629C3227477FED8FE02FAD51076.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis margarita Loche 1858	<div><p>Felis margarita Loche, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:49.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "environs de Négonca (Sahara)" (Algeria].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Deserts in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Libya, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudia Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as F. margarita scheffeli.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: airensis Pocock, 1938; harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb, and Groves, 1976; margaritae Trouessart, 1897; margueritei Trouessart, 1904; meinertzhageni Pocock, 1938; scheffeli Hemmer, 1974; thinobius Ognev, 1927.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Schauenberg (1974) and Hemmer et al. (1976). F. marginata Gray, 1867, is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Pocock (1951) and Schauenberg (1974) included Eremaelurus thinobia, which was recognized as separate by Haltenorth (1953) and Weigel (1961), but see discussion by Hemmer et al. (1976). Krâl and Zima (1980) suggested this species was closely related to O. manul.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3227477FED8FE02FAD51076	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3227477FEDBF84EF8E31192.text	41263629C3227477FEDBF84EF8E31192.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis nigripes Burchell 1824	<div><p>Felis nigripes Burchell, 1824. Travels in Interior of Southern Africa, 2:592.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Burchell (1824:509) implied the country of the "Bachapins", presumably in the capital, "the town of Litäkun (Letârkoon)...27°.6'.44".[S]...24°.39 '.27"[E]" (South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: thomasi Shortridge, 1931.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Krâl and Zima (1980) noted a distinctly different karotype from other Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3227477FEDBF84EF8E31192	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3227470FEDAF9EBFB181771.text	41263629C3227470FEDAF9EBFB181771.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Felis silvestris Schreber 1775	<div><p>Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere, 2(15):pl. 107 (1775]; text 3(23):397[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Fixed by Haltenorth (1953) as "vielleicht Nordfrankreich". Listed by Pocock (1951) as " Germany ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Botswana, Chad, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Guinea, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Pakistan, Poland, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Tunisia, Türkistan, United Kingdom, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Introduced to: Australia, Brazil, Canada, and Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II (the domestic cat, Felis catus, is specifically excluded from protection).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: agrius Bate, 1906; algiricus Fischer, 1829; angorensis Gmelin, 1788; antiquorum Fischer, 1829; aureus Kerr, 1792; bouvieri Rochebrune, 1883; brevicaudata Schinz, 1844; brockmani Pocock, 1944; bubastis Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; caeruleus Erxleben, 1777; caffra A. Smith, 1826; cafra Desmarest, 1822; caligata Temminck, 1824; catus Linnaeus, 1758; caucasicus Satunin, 1905; caudatus Gray, 1874; cretensis Haltenorth, 1953; cristata Lataste, 1885; cumana Schinz, 1844; cyrenarum Ghigi, 1920; daemon Satunin, 1904; domesticus Erxleben, 1777; euxina Pocock, 1943; ferox Martorelli, 1896; ferus Erxleben, 1777; foxi Pocock, 1944; grampia Miller, 1907; griselda Thomas, 1926; griseoflava Zukowski, 1914; gulata Herman, 1804; haussa Thomas and Hinton, 1921; hispanicus Erxleben, 1777; huttoni Blyth, 1846; iraki Cheesman, 1920; issikulensis Ognev, 1930; japonica Fischer, 1829; jordansi Schwarz, 1930; kozlovi Satunin, 1905; longiceps Bechstein, 1800; longipilis Zukowsky, 1915; lowei Pocock, 1944; lybica Forster, 1780; lybiensis Kerr, 1792; lynesi Pocock, 1944; macrothrix Zukowsky, 1915; madagascariensis Kerr, 1792; maniculata Temminck, 1824; matschiei Zukowsky, 1914; mauritana Cabrera, 1906; mediterranea Martorelli, 1896; megalotis Müller, 1839; mellandi Schwann, 1904; molisana Altobello, 1921; morea Trouessart, 1904; murgabensis Zukowsky, 1914; namaquana Thomas, 1926; nandae Heller, 1913; nesterovi Birula, 1916; nubiensis Kerr, 1792; obscura Desmarest, 1822; ocreata Gmelin, 1791; ornata Gray, 1830; pulchella Gray, 1837; pyrrhus Pocock, 1944; reyi Lavauden, 1929; ruber Gmelin, 1788; rubida Schwann, 1904; ruppelii Schinz, 1825; rusticana Thomas, 1928; salvandola Dekeyser, 1950; sarda Lataste, 1885; schnitnikovi Birula, 1914; servalina Jardine, 1834; shawiana Blanford, 1876; siamensis Trouessart, 1904; sinensis Kerr, 1792; striatus Bechstein, 1800; syriaca Fischer, 1829; taitae Heller, 1913; tartessia Miller, 1907; torquata Blyth, 1863; tralatitia Fischer, 1829; trapezia Blackler, 1916; tristrami Pocock, 1944; ugandae Schwann, 1904; vernayi Roberts, 1932; vulgaris Fischer, 1829; xanthella Thomas, 1926.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Ragni and Randi (1986), who included libyca, and by Haltenorth (1953), who included chutuchta, libyca, and vellerosa; however, chutuchta and vellerosa were placed in bieti in Pocock's (1951) revision, provisionally followed here. Includes F. catus (worldwide), which was domesticated from this species (Corbet, 1978c:181). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) argued that lybica Foster, 1780, was a lapsus for libyca; however, there is no clear internal evidence that the name was misspelled (Meester et al., 1986). Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), and Meester et al. (1986) retained lybica as separate from silvestris.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3227470FEDAF9EBFB181771	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3257470FF00FFB4FAFF17F3.text	41263629C3257470FF00FFB4FAFF17F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpailurus Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:390.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis yaguarondi Lacépède, 1809, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3257470FF00FFB4FAFF17F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3257470FF29FFCCFC7012A4.text	41263629C3257470FF29FFCCFC7012A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpailurus yaguarondi (Lacepede 1809)	<div><p>Herpailurus yaguarondi (Lacépède, 1809). In Azara, Voy. Am. Mérid., Atlas, 1809: pl. 10.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Paraguay ", restricted by Hershkovitz (1951) to "Cayenne, French Guiana ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Mexico, Surinam, USA (Arizona and Texas), Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (North and Central American populations); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered as F. y. cacomitli, F. y. fossato, F. y. panamensis, and F. y. tolteca; IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898; apache Mearns, 1901; cacomitli Berlandier, 1859; darwini Martin, 1837; eira Desmarest, 1816; eyra Fischer, 1814; fossato Mearns, 1901; melantho Thomas, 1914; panamensis Allen, 1904; tolteca Thomas, 1898; unicolor Traill, 1819.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Others have used yagouaroundi É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803, or yaguarondi Desmarest, 1816, however, the former was never officially published (see Appendix I) and the latter is a junior synonym. Placed in Herpailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvll (1982c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3257470FF29FFCCFC7012A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3257470FF03FA85FADF1C27.text	41263629C3257470FF03FA85FADF1C27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leopardus Gray 1842	<div><p>Leopardus Gray, 1842. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 10:260.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Leopardus griseus Gray, 1842 (= Felis pardalis Linnaeus, 1758), by subsequent designation by Pocock (19166:316).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Margay Gray, 1867; Ondila Allen, 1919; Oncoides Severtzov, 1858; Pardalis Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Allen (1919a) and Pocock (19416). Considered at the subgeneric level by Cabrera (1958), who also included Oncifelis geoffroyi and O. guigna (but not O. colocolo). Hemmer (1978) placed tigrinus in Oncifelis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3257470FF03FA85FADF1C27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3257471FF29F41DFD2F154A.text	41263629C3257471FF29F41DFD2F154A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:42.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America", restricted to " Mexico ", by Thomas (1911a:136), further restricted by Allen (1919a: 345) to "State of Vera Cruz".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Argentinia, Belize, E Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, E Peru, Surinam, Trinidad, USA (Arizona and Texas), Uruguay, Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aequatorialis Mearns, 1902; albescens Pucheran, 1855; armillatus F. Cuvier, 1832; brasiliensis Schinz, 1844; buffoni Brass, 1911; canescens Swainson, 1838; chati Gray, 1827; chibigouazou Gray, 1827; chibiguazu Fischer, 1830; costaricensis Mearns, 1902; griffithii Fischer, 1830; griseus Gray, 1842; hamiltoni Fischer, 1830; limitis Mearns, 1901; ludoviciana Brass, 1911; maracaya Wagner, 1841; maripensis J. A. Allen, 1904; mearnsi J. A. Allen, 1904; melanura Ball, 1844; mexicana Kerr, 1792; minimus Wilson, 1860; mitis F. Cuvier, 1820; nelsoni Goldman, 1925; ocelot Link, 1795; pseudopardalis Boitard, 1842; pusaea Thomas, 1914; sanctaemartae J. A. Allen, 1904; smithii Swainson, 1838; sonoriensis Goldman, 1925; steinbachi Pocock, 1941; tumatumari J. A. Allen, 1915.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Leopardus by Allen (1919a:345), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvfl (1982c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3257471FF29F41DFD2F154A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3247471FEDDFD40FA001037.text	41263629C3247471FEDDFD40FA001037.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber 1775)	<div><p>Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775). Die Säugethiere, 2(15):pl. 106 (1775]; text, 3(23):396 [1777).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "südlichen Amerika", restricted by Allen (1919a:356), to "Cayenne" [French Guiana].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: andina Thomas, 1903; carrikeri J. A. Allen, 1904; caucensis J. A. Allen, 1915; elenae J. A. Allen, 1915; emerita Thomas, 1912; emiliae Thomas, 1914; geoffroyi Elliot, 1872; guttula Hensel, 1872; margay Müller, 1776; ondila Thomas, 1903; pardinoides Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Leopardus by Allen (1919a:345), Weigel (1961), and Kratochvfl (1982c); placed in Ondfelis (with O. guigna and O. geoffroyi) by Hemmer (1978). L. tigrinus shares a derived chromosomal number with pardalis and wiedii (Wurster-Hill, 1973). Includes Felis pardinoides (Cabrera, 1958:286); Allen (1919a:345) and Weigel (1961) considered pardinoides as distinct, but closely related to tigrinus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3247471FEDDFD40FA001037	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3247471FEDCF80EFBC0135D.text	41263629C3247471FEDCF80EFBC0135D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leopardus wiedii (Schinz 1821)	<div><p>Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821). In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich, 1:235.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Brasilien ", restricted by Allen (1919a:357) to "northern Espirito Santo, Brazil ", and further restricted by Cabrera (1958:290), to " Brasil, restringida al Morro de Ararâ, sobre el rio Mucurf, estado de Baia ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, USA (Texas), Uruguay, Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered (from Mexico southward); IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: amazonica Cabrera, 1917; andina Allen, 1916; boliviae Pocock, 1941; catenata H. Smith, 1827; cooperi Goldman, 1943; elegans Lesson, 1830; geoffroyi Rochebrune, 1895; glaucula Thomas, 1903; ludovici Lönnberg, 1925; macroura Wied, 1823; macrura Hensel, 1872; mexicana Saussure, 1860; nicaraguae J. A. Allen, 1919; oaxacensis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; pardictis Pocock, 1941; pirrensis Goldman, 1914; salvinia Pocock, 1941; sanctaemartae Allen, 1906; tigrinoides Gray, 1842; vigens Thomas, 1904; yucatanica Nelson and Goldman, 1931.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Leopardus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvfl (1982c). Allen (1919a) and Weigel (1961) suggested that wiedii (in part) may be conspecific with tigrinus; however, Hemmer (1978) considered differences between wiedii and tigrinus to warrant generic distinction.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3247471FEDCF80EFBC0135D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3247471FF09FB9EFB2213DE.text	41263629C3247471FF09FB9EFB2213DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptailurus Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:389.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis serval Schreber, 1776, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3247471FF09FB9EFB2213DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3247472FEDFF437FA97159A.text	41263629C3247472FEDFF437FA97159A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptailurus serval (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Leptailurus serval (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(16):pl. 108 (1776]; text 3(23):407[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Ostindien und Tibet in gebirgegen Gegenden, vielleicht auch am Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung und dem heissem Afrika"; restricted by Allen (1924) to the " Cape region of South Africa ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, N Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; formerly in Morocco.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U.S. ESA - Endangered as F. s. constantina.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: algiricus Fischer, 1829; beirae Wroughton, 1910; brachyura Wagner, 1841; capensis Forster, 1781; constantina Forster, 1780; faradjius Allen, 1924; ferrarii de Beaux, 1924; galeopardus Desmarest, 1820; hamiltoni Roberts, 1931; hindei Wroughton, 1910; ingridi Lundholm, 1955; kempi Wroughton, 1910; kivuensis Lönnberg, 1919; larseni Thomas, 1913; limpopoensis Roberts, 1926; liposticta Pocock, 1907; lonnbergi Cabrera, 1910; mababiensis Roberts, 1932; niger Lönnberg, 1897; ogilbyi Schinz, 1844; pantasticta Pocock, 1907; phillipsi Allen, 1914; pococki Cabrera, 1910; poliotricha Pocock, 1907; senegalensis Lesson, 1839; servalina Ogilby, 1839; tanae Pocock, 1944; togoensis Matschie, 1893.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Leptailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvfl (1982c); Groves (1982a) considered Leptailurus a subgenus of Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3247472FEDFF437FA97159A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3277472FEDBFF7AFC341096.text	41263629C3277472FEDBFF7AFC341096.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lynx canadensis Kerr 1792	<div><p>Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792. In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, 1:157.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Canada "; listed in Miller (1912b) as "Eastern Canada ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Taiga zone of North America, south to C Utah and SW Colorado, NE Nebraska, S Indiana, and West Virginia (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: mollipilosus Stone, 1900; subsolanus Bangs, 1897.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Considered distinct from L. lynx by Kurtén and Anderson (1980), Matyushkin (1979), Werdelin (1981), and Garcfa-Perea (1992). Weigel (1961) and Tumlison (1987) considered these taxa conspecific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3277472FEDBFF7AFC341096	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3277472FF32FDDCFCD61703.text	41263629C3277472FF32FDDCFCD61703.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lynx Kerr 1792	<div><p>Lynx Kerr, 1792. In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, 1:155.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis lynx Linnaeus, 1758; type species by absolute tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Cervaria Gray, 1867; Eucervaria Palmer, 1903; Lynchus Jardine, 1834; Lynceus Gray, 1821; Lyncus Gray, 1825; Pardina; Kaup, 1829.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Matyushkin (1979), Werdelin (1981), and Garcfa-Perea (1992), who recognized the generic status of Lynx; Groves (1982a) and Hemmer (1978) considered Lynx a subgenus of Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3277472FF32FDDCFCD61703	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3277472FEDAF8EDF9DB13EE.text	41263629C3277472FEDAF8EDF9DB13EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lynx lynx (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:43.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europae sylvis and desertis", subsequently restricted by Thomas (1911a: 136) to "Wennersborg, S. Sweden ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Taiga forests from Scandinavia through E Siberia and Sakhalin; from China (Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Sichuan) through montane Europe (formerly widespread, now restricted to Balkans, Carpathians, Pyreneans [French side], and Alps; reintroduced to French Vosges and Jura Mt., Swiss Alps, Austria, and Yugoslavia).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: borealis Thunberg, 1798; carpathicus Kratochvfl and Stollmann, 1963; cervaria Temminck, 1824; dinniki Satunin, 1915; isabellina Blyth, 1847; kamensis Satunin, 1904; kozlovi Fetisov, 1950; lupulinus Thunberg, 1825; lyncula Nilsson, 1820; martinoi Mirfc, 1978; neglectus Stroganov, 1962; orientalis Satunin, 1905; stroganovi Heptner, 1969; tibetanus Gray, 1863; vulgaris Kerr, 1792; vulpinus Thunberg, 1825; wardi Lydekker, 1904; wrangeli Ognev, 1928.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Does not include L. canadensis or L. pardina, following Matyushkin (1979), Garcfa-Perea (1992), and Werdelin (1981). Includes isabellina (Gao, in Gao, 1987:336). Reviewed by Tumlison (1987, Mammalian Species, 269, as Felis lynx).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3277472FEDAF8EDF9DB13EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3277472FEDDFBE6FDBF1D57.text	41263629C3277472FEDDFBE6FDBF1D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lynx pardinus (Temminck 1827)	<div><p>Lynx pardinus (Temminck, 1827). Monogr. Mamm., 1:116.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Portugal, puisque le commerce reçoit des peaux préparées de Lisbonne, et que M. le baron de Vionénil tua, en 1818, sur les bords du Tage, à dix lieues de Lisbonne ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Spain and Portugal.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: pardella Miller, 1907.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Given specific status by Matyushkin (1979), Garcfa-Perea (1992), and Werdelin (1981); however Weigel (1961) and Tumlison (1987) considered pardinus conspecific with L. lynx.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3277472FEDDFBE6FDBF1D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3277473FEDAF5AFFD62154B.text	41263629C3277473FEDAF5AFFD62154B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lynx rufus (Schreber 1777)	<div><p>Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777). Säugethiere, 3(25):pl. 109.B[1777]; text 3(24):412[1777J.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Provinz New York in Amerika".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S British Columbia to Nova Scotia (Canada), south to Oaxaca (Mexico).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered as Felis rufus escuinapae.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: baileyi Merriam, 1890; californicus Mearns, 1897; eremicus Mearns, 1897; escuinapae Allen, 1903; fasciatus Rafinesque, 1817; floridanus Rafinesque, 1817; gigas Bangs, 1897; maculata Horsfield and Vigors, 1829; montanus Rafinesque, 1817; oaxacensis Goodwin, 1963; oculeus Bangs, 1899; pallescens Merriam, 1899; peninsularis Thomas, 1898; superiorensis Peterson and Downing, 1952; texensis Allen, 1895; uinta Merriam, 1902.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3277473FEDAF5AFFD62154B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF29FF76FB42114A.text	41263629C3267473FF29FF76FB42114A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncifelis colocolo (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Oncifelis colocolo (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 295.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "che abitano i boschi del Chili ", restricted by Osgood (1943) to "Province of Valparaiso " [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albescens Fitzinger, 1869; braccata Cope, 1889; budini Pocock, 1941; crespoi Cabrera, 1957; crucino Thomas, 1901; garleppi Matschie, 1912; huina Pocock, 1941; munoai Ximénez, 1961; neumayeri Matschie, 1912; pajeros Desmarest, 1816; pampa Schinz, 1831; pampanus Gray, 1867; passerum Sclater, 1871; steinbachi Pocock, 1941; thomasi Lönnberg, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: The validity of colocolo was questioned by Osgood (1943), with the next available name that of pajeros Desmarest, 1816 (used by Weigel, 1961; Hemmer, 1978; Krâl and Zima, 1980; and Kratochvll, 1982c). However, Wolffsohn (1908) and Cabrera (1940, 1958) defended the original description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF29FF76FB42114A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF28F942FC46135D.text	41263629C3267473FF28F942FC46135D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncifelis geoffroyi (d'Orbigny and Gervais 1844)	<div><p>Oncifelis geoffroyi (d'Orbigny and Gervais, 1844). Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1844:40.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "des rives du Rio Negro, en Patagonie".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Andean Bolivia, S Paraguay, S Brazil, Uruguay.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: euxanthus Pocock, 1940; himalayanus Gray, 1843; leucobaptus Pocock, 1940; macdonaldi Marelli, 1932; mêlas Bertoni, 1914; paraguae Pocock, 1940; pardoides Gray, 1867; salinarum Thomas, 1903; warwickii Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (19406) and reviewed by Ximenez (1975, Mammalian Species, 54, as Felis geoffroyi). Placed in Oncifelis by Allen (1919a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Krâl and Zima (1980), and Kratochvll (1982c). Ximenez (1975) followed Cabrera (1958), and placed geoffroyi in subgenus Leopardus of Felts. Includes F. pardoides (Cabrera, 1958:280).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF28F942FC46135D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF2BFBB3FC0C1CF9.text	41263629C3267473FF2BFBB3FC0C1CF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncifelis guigna (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Oncifelis guigna (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 295.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili ", restricted by Thomas (1903:240) to "Valdivia" [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina and Chile.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: guina Philippi, 1870; molinae Osgood, 1943; santacrucensis Artayeta, 1950; tigrillo Schinz, 1844.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Oncifelis by Weigel (1961) and Hemmer (1978). Placed in subgenus Leopardus of Felis by Cabrera (1958).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF2BFBB3FC0C1CF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF00FDACFD11171D.text	41263629C3267473FF00FDACFD11171D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncifelis Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Oncifelis Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:386.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis geoffroyi d'Orbigny and Gervais, 1842, by monotypy.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Dendrailurus Severtzov, 1858; Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858; Noctifelis Severtzov, 1858; Pajeros Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although there is general agreement as to the monophyletic nature of this genus, some have chosen to emphasize the distinctiveness of O. colocolo and placed it in monotypic Lynchailurus. Cabrera (1958) suggested that O. geoffroyi and O. guigna were more closely related to taxa considered here under Leopardus rather than to O. colocolo, which he placed in a separate subgenus. Hemmer (1978) also included L. tigrinus in this genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF00FDACFD11171D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF05F53CFA631D7B.text	41263629C3267473FF05F53CFA631D7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreailurus Cabrera 1940	<div><p>Oreailurus Cabrera, 1940. Notas Mus. La Plata 5(29): 16.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis jacobita Cornalia, 1865, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF05F53CFA631D7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3267473FF2BF554F9BD1E97.text	41263629C3267473FF2BF554F9BD1E97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oreailurus jacobita (Cornalia 1865)	<div><p>Oreailurus jacobita (Cornalia, 1865). Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 1:3.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Bolivia, circa Potosi et Humacuaca in montibus sat elevatis"; further clarified by Cabrera (1958:297) as "Sur del departamento boliviano de Potosi, cerca de la frontera argentina, entre Potosi y Humahuaca".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NW Argentina, SE Bolivia, NE Chile, S Peru.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Oreailurus by Cabrera (1940), Weigel (1961), and Hemmer (1978). Later, Cabrera (1958:297) reconsidered Oreailurus as a subgenus of Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3267473FF2BF554F9BD1E97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C339746CFF19FD2AFB14161A.text	41263629C339746CFF19FD2AFB14161A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otocolobus Brandt 1842	<div><p>Otocolobus Brandt, 1842. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 9:col. 38.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis manul Pallas, 1776, by original designation.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Trichaelurus Satunin, 1905.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Palmer (1904:487) and Allen (1938) believed that Otocolobus Severtzov, 1858, was a junior homonym of Otocolobus Brandt, 1844, a subgenus of Sciuridae, and suggested using Trichaelurus Satunin, 1905. Brandt apparently reassigned the generic name in 1844 after his initial use for a felid in 1842.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C339746CFF19FD2AFB14161A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C339746CFF2FFE71FE0A1037.text	41263629C339746CFF2FFE71FE0A1037.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otocolobus manul (Pallas 1776)	<div><p>Otocolobus manul (Pallas, 1776). Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs., 3:692.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Frequens in rupestribus, apricis totius Tatariae Mongoliaeque desertae". Listed in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., S.W. Transbaikalia, Buryat. Mongolsk. A.S.S. R.;S. of Lake Baikal, Kulusutai".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Steppe and semidesert from Caspian Sea to Kashmir, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and C China, north to Inner Mongolia and east to Hopei.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ferrugineus Ognev, 1928; mongolicus Satunin, 1905; nigripectus Hodgson, 1842; satuni Lydekker, 1907.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1907), Birula (1913, 1916), Ognev (1935), and Schwangart (1936).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C339746CFF2FFE71FE0A1037	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C339746CFF21F998F9581DBD.text	41263629C339746CFF21F998F9581DBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionailurus bengalensis (Kerr 1792)	<div><p>Prionailurus bengalensis (Kerr, 1792). In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, 1:151.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Bengal" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan (Tsushima and Iriomote Isis), Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippine Isis, Taiwan, Thailand, republics of the former USSR, and Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Felis bengalensis bengalensis (except for Chinese population); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Endangered as F. iriomotensis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alleni Sody, 1949; anastasiae Satunin, 1905; borneoensis Brongersma, 1935; chinensis Gray, 1837; ellioti Gray, 1842; euptilura Elliot, 1871; horsfieldi Gray, 1842; ingrami Bonhote, 1903; iriomotensis Imaizumi, 1967; javanensis Desmarest, 1816; manchurica Mori, 1922; microtis Milne-Edwards, 1872; minuta Temminck, 1827; nipalensis Horsfield and Vigors, 1829; pardochrous Hodgson, 1844; raddei Trouessart, 1904; reevesii Gray, 1843; ricketti Bonhote, 1903; scripta Milne-Edwards, 1872; sumatrana Horsfield, 1821; tenasserimensis Gray, 1867; tingia Lyon, 1908; trevelyani Pocock, 1939; undata Radde, 1862; wagati Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Prionailurus by Pocock (1917), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Groves (1982a), and Kratochvfl (1982c). Includes euptilura following Allen (1939) and Gao (in Gao, 1987). Heptner (1971) and Gromov and Baranova (1981), considered euptilura a distinct species; however, Gao (in Gao, 1987) pointed out that Heptner compared Russian specimens with those from Southeast Asia, whereas when intervening Chinese populations are included, his distinctions do not hold. Includes minuta following Chasen (1940). Imaizumi (1967) described Mayailurus iriomotensis, but his key characters are polymorphic in bengalensis (Glass and Todd, 1977; Petzsch, 1970). Groves (1982a) believed that iriomotensis warranted species level recognition.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C339746CFF21F998F9581DBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C339746CFF21F594FD2F1E8D.text	41263629C339746CFF21F594FD2F1E8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionailurus planiceps (Vigors and Horsfield 1827)	<div><p>Prionailurus planiceps (Vigors and Horsfield, 1827). Zool. J., 3:449.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia; Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Prionailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C339746CFF21F594FD2F1E8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C339746CFF1BF87BFC2E11A1.text	41263629C339746CFF1BF87BFC2E11A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionailurus Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:387.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis pardochrous Hodgson, 1844 (= Felis bengalensis Kerr, 1792), by original designation.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Ictailurus Severtzov, 1858; Mayailurus Imaizumi, 1967; Viverriceps Gray, 1867; Zibethailurus Severtzov, 1858.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although there is little dispute that these four taxa are distinct and represent a single monophyletic group, some have chosen to emphasize their distinctiveness by placing them in monotypic genera.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C339746CFF1BF87BFC2E11A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746DFEC5FD33FD0A1687.text	41263629C338746DFEC5FD33FD0A1687.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831)	<div><p>Prionailurus rubiginosus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831). In Bélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm., 3(Zoologie): 140.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "bois de lataniers qui couvrent une hauteur voisine de Pondichéry " [India, Pondicherry].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India and Sri Lanka (see Chakraborty, 1978).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Indian population), otherwise Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: koladivinus Deraniyagala, 1956; phillipsi Pocock, 1939.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Prionailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746DFEC5FD33FD0A1687	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746DFEC5FEFDFD091019.text	41263629C338746DFEC5FEFDFD091019.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett 1833)	<div><p>Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833:68.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "from the continent of India ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Burma, S China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bennettii Gray, 1867; himalayanus Jardine, 1834; rizophoreus Sody, 1936; viverriceps Hodgson, 1836.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Prionailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746DFEC5FEFDFD091019	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746DFEC4F8C9FC55133B.text	41263629C338746DFEC4F8C9FC55133B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Profelis aurata (Temminck 1827)	<div><p>Profelis aurata (Temminck, 1827). Monogr. Mamm., 1:120.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Nous ne savons pas au juste dans quelle partie du globe a été trouvé"; fixed by Van Mensch and Van Bree (1969) to "probably the coastal region of Lower Guinea (Between Cross River and River Congo...)".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda, S Zaire.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: celidogaster Temminck, 1827; chalybeata H[amilton], Smith, 1827; chrysothrix Temminck, 1827; cottoni Lydekker, 1906; maka Van Saceghem, 1942; neglecta Gray, 1838; rutilus Waterhouse, 1843.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Van Mensch and Van Bree (1969). Placed in Profelis by Pocock (1917), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Kräl and Zima (1980) placed in Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746DFEC4F8C9FC55133B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746DFF31F85AFDA410F0.text	41263629C338746DFF31F85AFDA410F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Profelis Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Profelis Severtzov, 1858. Revue Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:386.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis celidogaster Temminck, 1827 (= Felis aurata Temminck, 1827), by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746DFF31F85AFDA410F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746DFF31FB7EFA6913BC.text	41263629C338746DFF31FB7EFA6913BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Puma Jardine 1834	<div><p>Puma Jardine, 1834. Natur. Libr., 2:266.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis concolor Jardine, 1834, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746DFF31FB7EFA6913BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C338746EFEC7FB93F91A1639.text	41263629C338746EFEC7FB93F91A1639.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Puma concolor (Linnaeus 1771)	<div><p>Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771). Mantissa Plantarum, 2:522.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Brassilia", restricted by Goldman (in Young and Goldman, 1946:200); to "Cayenne region, French Guiana ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, USA, Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as F. c. coryi, F. c. costaricensis, and F. c. couguar; otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered as F. c. coryi, F. c. costaricensis, and F. c. couguar. IUCN - Endangered as F. c. coryi and F. c. cougar.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: acrocodia Goldman, 1943; anthonyi Nelson and Goldman, 1931; araucanus Osgood, 1943; arundivaga Hollister, 1911; aztecus Merriam, 1901; bangsi Merriam, 1901; borbensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933; browni Merriam, 1903; cabrerae Pocock, 1940; californica May, 1896; capricornensis Goldman and Young, 1946; coryi Bangs, 1899; costaricensis Merriam, 1901; cougar Kerr, 1792; floridana Cory, 1896; greeni Nelson and Goldman, 1931; hippolestes Merriam, 1897; hudsoni Cabrera, 1957; improcera Philipps, 1912; incarum Nelson and Goldman, 1929; kaibabensis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; mayensis Nelson and Goldman, 1929; missoulensis Goldman, 1943; nigra Jardine, 1834; olympus Merriam, 1897; oregonensis Rafinesque, 1832; osgoodi Nelson and Goldman, 1943; patagonica Merriam, 1901; pearsoni Thomas, 1901; puma Molina, 1782; punensis Housse, 1950; schorgeri Jackson, 1955; soasoaranna Lesson, 1842; soderstromii Lönnberg, 1913; stanleyana Goldman, 1938; sucuacuara Liais, 1872; vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman, 1932; wavula Lesson, 1842; youngi Goldman, 1936.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Currier, 1983 (Mammalian Species, 200, as Felis concolor). Placed in Puma by Pocock (1917), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvil (1982c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C338746EFEC7FB93F91A1639	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746EFF1BFED0FC571793.text	41263629C33B746EFF1BFED0FC571793.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neofelis Gray 1867	<div><p>Neofelis Gray, 1867. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867:265.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis macrocelis Horsfield, 1825 (= Felis nebulosa Griffith, 1821), by subsequent designation by Pocock (1917:343).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pantherinae by Hemmer (1978) and Weigel (1961). Placed in Neofelinae by Kratochvfl (1982c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746EFF1BFED0FC571793	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746EFF21FFEBFAFA1166.text	41263629C33B746EFF21FFEBFAFA1166.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neofelis nebulosa (Griffith 1821)	<div><p>Neofelis nebulosa (Griffith, 1821). Gen. Particular Descrip. Vert. Anim. (Carn.), p. 37, pl.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "brought from Canton" [China, Guangdong: Guangzhou].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: brachyurus Swinhoe, 1862; diardi Cuvier, 1823; macrocelis Horsfield, 1825; macrosceloides Hodgson, 1853.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Neofelis by Pocock (1917), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvfl (1982c). Groves (1982a) placed in Panthera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746EFF21FFEBFAFA1166	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746EFF20FAE6FAA41E33.text	41263629C33B746EFF20FAE6FAA41E33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthera leo (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:41.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa", restricted by Allen (1924:222) to "the Barbary coast region of Africa, or, more explicity, Constantine, Algeria ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Present (except in tropical rain forests) in Botswana, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Formerly present but now extinct in Algeria, Arabia, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, and Tunisia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as P. I. persica; otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as P. I. persica.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: adusta Pocock, 1927; africanus Brehm, 1829; asiaticus Jardine, 1834; azandicus Allen, 1924; barbaricus Meyer, 1826; barbarus Fischer, 1829; bengalensis Bennett, 1829; bleyenberghi Lönnberg, 1914; capensis Fischer, 1829; gambianus Gray, 1843; goojratensis Smee, 1833; hollisteri Allen, 1924; indicus de Blainville, 1843; kamptzi Matschie, 1900; krugeri Roberts, 1929; maculatus Huevelmans, 1955; massaicus Neumann, 1900; melanochaitus H. Smith, 1842; nigra Loche, 1858; nobilis Gray, 1867; nubicus Blainville, 1843; nyanzae Heller, 1913; persicus Meyer, 1826; roosevelti Heller, 1913; sabakiensis Lönnberg, 1905; senegalensis Meyer, 1826; somaliensis Noack, 1891; suahelicus Neumann, 1900; vernayi Roberts, 1948; webbiensis Zukowsky, 1964.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1930c). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1930c), Weigel (1961), Kratochvil (1982c), Hemmer (1978), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746EFF20FAE6FAA41E33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746EFF1AF949FD7F12EF.text	41263629C33B746EFF1AF949FD7F12EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthera Oken 1816	<div><p>Panthera Oken, 1816. Lehrb. Naturgesch., ser. 3, 2:1052.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Allen (1902:378).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Jaguarius Severtzov, 1858; Leo Oken, 1816; Leonina Grevé, 1894; Pardotigris Kretzoi, 1929; Pardus Fitzinger, 1868; Tigris Oken, 1816.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Hemmer (1966, 1968, 1974). Panthera Oken, 1816, has been ruled available (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985c). Includes Tigris following Pocock (1916b). Van Gelder (1977b:13) included Panthera as a synonym of Felis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746EFF1AF949FD7F12EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746EFF19FE7AFBCB16ED.text	41263629C33B746EFF19FE7AFBCB16ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantherinae Pocock 1917	<div><p>Subfamily Pantherinae Pocock, 1917. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,20:332.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Panthera Oken, 1816. Pocock's (1917) original classification for this subfamily placed Neofelis in the Felinae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746EFF19FE7AFBCB16ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33B746FFF2EF60AFA021000.text	41263629C33B746FFF2EF60AFA021000.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthera onca (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:42.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America meridionali", fixed by Thomas (1911a: 136) to " Pernambuco " [Brazil].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, S Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela; formerly in USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered (from Mexico southward); IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alba Fitzinger, 1869; antiqua Ameghino, 1889; arizonensis Goldman, 1932; boliviensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933; centralis Mearns, 1901; coxi Nelson and Goldman, 1933; fossilis Ameghino, 1889; goldmani Mearns, 1901; hernandesii Gray, 1858; jaguapara Liais, 1872; jaguar Link, 1795; jaguarete Liais, 1872; jaguatyrica Liais, 1872; madeirae Nelson and Goldman, 1933; major Fischer, 1830; mexianae Hagmann, 1908; milleri Nelson and Goldman, 1933; minor Fischer, 1830; nigra Erxleben, 1777; notialis Hollister, 1914; onssa Ihering, 1911; onza Brehm, 1876; palustris Ameghino, 1888; paraguensis Hollister, 1914; paulensis Nelson and Goldman, 1933; peruviana de Blainville, 1843; proplatensis Ameghino, 1904; ramsayi Miller, 1930; ucayalae Nelson and Goldman, 1933; veraecrucis Nelson and Goldman, 1933.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1933) and Pocock (19396). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (19396), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvil (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Reviewed by Seymour (1989, Mammalian Species, 340).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33B746FFF2EF60AFA021000	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33A746FFEC4F878F9BC1D2E.text	41263629C33A746FFEC4F878F9BC1D2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthera pardus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:41.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Indiis", fixed by Thomas (1911a:135), as " Egypt "; see discussion by Pocock (1930a).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Botswana, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia (Java), Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Korea, Liberia, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, republics of the former USSR, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered (except in Africa, in the wild, south of, and including Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Uganda, and Kenya, where this species is Threatened). IUCN - Threatened.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: adersi Pocock, 1932; adusta Pocock, 1927; antinorii de Beaux, 1923; antiquorum Fitzinger, 1868; barbarus de Blainville, 1839; bedfordi Pocock, 1930; brockmani Pocock, 1932; centralis Lönnberg, 1917; chinensis Gray, 1867; chui Heller, 1913; ciscaucasicus Satunin, 1914; delacouri Pocock, 1930; fontanierii A.. M. Edwards, 1867; fortis Heller, 1913; fusca Meyer, 1794; grayi Trouessart, 1904; hanensis Matschie, 1907; iturensis J. A. Allen, 1924; japonensis Gray, 1862; jarvisi Pocock, 1932; kotiya Deraniyagala, 1956; leopardus Schreber, 1777; longicaudata Valenciennes, 1856; melanotica Günther, 1885; mêlas G. Cuvier, 1809; miliardi Pocock, 1930; minor Matschie, 1895; nanopardus Thomas, 1904; niger Fitzinger, 1868; nimr Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; orientalis Schlegel, 1857; palearia Cuvier, 1832; perniger Hodgson, 1863; poecilura Valenciennes, 1856; poliopardus Brehm, 1863; puella Pocock, 1932; reichenowi Cabrera, 1918; ruwenzorii Camerano, 1906; saxicolor Pocock, 1927; shortridgei Pocock, 1932; sindica Pocock, 1930; suahelicus Neumann, 1900; tulliana Valenciennes, 1856; variegata Wagner, 1841; varius Gray, 1843; villosa Bonhote, 1903; vulgaris Oken, 1816.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1930a, 6, 1932c). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1930a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvil (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33A746FFEC4F878F9BC1D2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33A7468FEC6F525FCB7162E.text	41263629C33A7468FEC6F525FCB7162E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthera tigris (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:41.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Asia", fixed by Thomas (1911a: 135) as "Bengal" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Laos, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, and republics of the former USSR. Formerly found in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and Indonesia (Java and Bali).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: altaica Temminck, 1844; amoyensis Hilzheimer, 1905; amurensis Dode, 1871; balica Schwarz, 1912; corbetti Mazak, 1968; coreensis Brass, 1904; lecoqi Schwarz, 1916; longipilis Fitzinger, 1868; mandshurica Baykov, 1925; mikadoi Satunin, 1915; mongolica Lesson, 1842; nigra Lesson, 1842; regalis Gray, 1842; septentrionalis Satunin, 1904; sondaica Temminck, 1844; striatus Severtzov, 1858; styani Pocock, 1929; sumatrae Pocock, 1929; sumatrana de Blainville, 1839; trabata Schwarz, 1916; virgata liliger, 1815.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1929), and Mazäk (1979, 1981 [Mammalian Species, 152]). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1929), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvfl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33A7468FEC6F525FCB7162E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF27F5EEFD351E58.text	41263629C33D7468FF27F5EEFD351E58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galidia elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	<div><p>Galidia elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 5:581.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Madagascar ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: afra Kerr, 1792.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF27F5EEFD351E58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF11F555FA1E1D95.text	41263629C33D7468FF11F555FA1E1D95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galidia I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	<div><p>Galidia I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 5:580.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Galidia elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF11F555FA1E1D95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF10F42CFDD01CCB.text	41263629C33D7468FF10F42CFDD01CCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestidae Bonaparte 1845	<div><p>Family Herpestidae Bonaparte, 1845. Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe, p. 3.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Mungotidae Pocock, 1916.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Herpestes liliger, 1811 (Melville and Smith, 1987). For separation of taxa included here from Viverridae (after Simpson, 1945), see comments under Viverridae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF10F42CFDD01CCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF26FF59FE13111E.text	41263629C33D7468FF26FF59FE13111E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pardofelis marmorata Martin 1837	<div><p>Pardofelis marmorata Martin, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836:108 [1837].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Java or Sumatra " [Indonesia], restricted by Robinson and Kloss (1919a:261), to " Sumatra ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N India and Nepal to Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo; S China.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: charltoni Gray, 1846; dosul Hodgson, 1863; duvaucelli Hodgson, 1863; longicaudata Blainville, 1843; ogilbii Hodgson, 1847.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (19324). Placed in Pardofelis by Pocock (19324), Weigel (1961), Krâl and Zima (1980), Kratochvfl (1982c), Hemmer (1978), and Groves (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF26FF59FE13111E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF13FE11FBC7177F.text	41263629C33D7468FF13FE11FBC7177F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pardofelis Severtzov 1858	<div><p>Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 10:387.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis marmorata Martin, 1837, by monotypy.</p> <p>COMMENTS: There is considerable cotroversy over the correct placement of this genus. Hemmer (1978), Kräl and Zima (1980), Groves (1982a), and Kratochvfl (1982c) suggested a close relationship with Panthera. Pocock (19324) and Weigel (1961) suggested a relationship with felines while recognizing similarities with Panthera. It is perhaps best considered incertae sedis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF13FE11FBC7177F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF11F962FC48122E.text	41263629C33D7468FF11F962FC48122E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uncia Gray 1854	<div><p>Uncia Gray, 1854. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 14:394.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Felis irbis Ehrenberg, 1830 (= Felis uncia Schreber, 1775), by subsequent designation (Palmer, 1904:710).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (19166).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF11F962FC48122E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33D7468FF27FA28FB8413C9.text	41263629C33D7468FF27FA28FB8413C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uncia uncia (Schreber 1775)	<div><p>Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1775). Die Säugethiere, 2(14):pl. 100 (1775]; text, 3(22):386-7[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Barbarey, Persien, Ostindien, und China ", restricted by Pocock (19306:332) to "Altai Mountains". Ognev (1962c:221) disagreed and restricted the locality to "Kopet-Dagh Mountains...the southern slopes of these mountains adjacent to Iran ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, republics of the former USSR.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: irbis Ehrenberg, 1830; schneideri Zukowsky, 1950; uncioides Horsfield, 1855.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (19306). Placed in Uncia by Pocock (1930b), Weigel (1961), Kratochvfl (1980c), and Heptner and Naumov (1967). Placed in Uncia and reviewed by Hemmer (1972, Mammalian Species, 20).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33D7468FF27FA28FB8413C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FF38F53BFBD01E7F.text	41263629C33C7469FF38F53BFBD01E7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atilax F. G. Cuvier 1826	<div><p>Atilax F. G. Cuvier, 1826. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(54), "Vansire," 2 pp.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Herpestes paludinosus G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1829, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Fredga's (1972) comparative chromosome study of mongooses suggested that recognition of Atilax as distinct from Herpestes would make Herpestes paraphyletic. However, allozyme data support Atilax as the first early offshoot of the main herpestine branch (Taylor et al., 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FF38F53BFBD01E7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FEC8FE30FAE3172A.text	41263629C33C7469FEC8FE30FAE3172A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galidictis fasciata (Gmelin 1788)	<div><p>Galidictis fasciata (Gmelin, 1788). In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1:92.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Erroneously listed by Gmelin as "in India ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: eximius Pocock, 1915; ornatus Pocock, 1915; rufa Grandidier, 1869; striata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839; vittatus Schinz, 1844.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FEC8FE30FAE3172A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FECBFF21FDED1039.text	41263629C33C7469FECBFF21FDED1039.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galidictis grandidieri Wozencraft 1986	<div><p>Galidictis grandidieri Wozencraft, 1986. J. Mammal., 67:561.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Madagascar ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the spiny desert of SW Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: G. grandidiensis Wozencraft, 1986 was emended to G. grandidieri by Wozencraft (1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FECBFF21FDED1039	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FF22FD16FC8A15D8.text	41263629C33C7469FF22FD16FC8A15D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galidictis I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1839	<div><p>Galidictis I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839. Mag. Zool., Mamm. Art. No. 5, p. 33, footnote, 37.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela striata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 (= Viverra fasciata Gmelin, 1788) by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Gregory and Hellman (1939) separated Galidictis from other galidiines and placed it in the Viverridae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FF22FD16FC8A15D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FF27FB60FD1F1CF5.text	41263629C33C7469FF27FB60FD1F1CF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestinae Bonaparte 1845	<div><p>Subfamily Herpestinae Bonaparte, 1845. Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe, p. 3.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Herpestes liliger, 1811 (Melville and Smith, 1987). Thomas (1882) proposed a separate monotypic subfamily (Surcatinae) for Suricata. Wozencraft (1989b) placed Crossarchus, Cynictis, Dologale, Helogale, Liberiictis, Mungos, Paracynictis, and Suricata in the Mungotinae but gave no supporting rationale. Fredga's (1972) analysis of chromosomes would support Wozencraft's Mungotinae (with the inclusion of Bdeogale and Ichneumia). The phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data by Taylor et al. (1991) also supported Cynictis, Suricata, and Helogale as a monophyletic group.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FF27FB60FD1F1CF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FECCF894F99D1156.text	41263629C33C7469FECCF894F99D1156.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mungotictis decemlineata (A. Grandidier 1867)	<div><p>Mungotictis decemlineata (A. Grandidier, 1867). Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 19:85.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "à la côte ouest de Madagascar " (pg. 84).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lineatus Pocock, 1915; substriatus Pocock, 1915; vittatus Gray, 1848.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FECCF894F99D1156	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FF26F87CF93510BD.text	41263629C33C7469FF26F87CF93510BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mungotictis Pocock 1915	<div><p>Mungotictis Pocock, 1915. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 16:120.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Galidictis vittatus Gray, 1848 (= Galidia decemlineata Grandidier, 1867).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FF26F87CF93510BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FECDFA30F933131F.text	41263629C33C7469FECDFA30F933131F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salanoia concolor (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837)	<div><p>Salanoia concolor (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 5:581.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Madagascar ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: olivacea I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839; unicolor I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1839) noted that his first listed species name, unicolor, was a typographical error and should have been concolor (Coetzee, 1977b:35).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FECDFA30F933131F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C7469FF27F999FADF11D9.text	41263629C33C7469FF27F999FADF11D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salanoia Gray 1865	<div><p>Salanoia Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:523 [1865].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Galidia concolor I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C7469FF27F999FADF11D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33C746AFECEF658F97F16AF.text	41263629C33C746AFECEF658F97F16AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atilax paludinosus (G. [Baron] Cuvier 1829)	<div><p>Atilax paludinosus (G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1829). Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed., 1:158.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "une grand des marais du Cap" [South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Ruwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, and Zambia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: atilax Wagner, 1841; galera Schreber, 1777; macrodon Allen, 1924; mitis Thomas, 1902; mordax Thomas, 1912; nigerianus Thomas, 1912; paludosus Gray, 1865; pluto Temminck, 1853; robustus Gray, 1864; rubellus Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; rubescens Hollister, 1912; spadiceus Cabrera, 1921; transvaalensis Roberts, 1933; urinatrix Smith, 1829; vansire F. Cuvier, 1826; voangshire Zimmermann, 1777.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33C746AFECEF658F97F16AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF23F830FDBF11AA.text	41263629C33F746AFF23F830FDBF11AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bdeogale crassicauda Peters 1852	<div><p>Bdeogale crassicauda Peters, 1852. Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1852:81.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa orient., Tette, Boror, 17-18° Lat. austr". (pg. 82). Restricted by Moreau et al. (1946:410) to "Tette" [Mozambique].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Malawi, C Mozambique, Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar), S and E Zambia, NE Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as B. c. omnivora.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: omnivora Heller, 1913; puisa Peters, 1852; tenuis Thomas and Wroughton, 1908.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Taylor (1987, Mammalian Species, 294) and revised by Sale and Taylor (1970).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF23F830FDBF11AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF22F9A1FC43133E.text	41263629C33F746AFF22F9A1FC43133E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bdeogale jacksoni (Thomas 1894)	<div><p>Bdeogale jacksoni (Thomas, 1894). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 13:522.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Mianzini, Masailand, 8000 feet " (pg. 523). Restricted by Moreau et al. (1946:410) to "Mianzini... a few miles E.S.E. of Naivasha and on the southern end of the Kinangop Plateau... 9000 ft " [Kenya].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: C Kenya, SE Uganda.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Rosevear (1974) placed jacksoni in Galeriscus. Kingdon (1977) considered jacksoni conspecific with nigripes; however, Rosevear (1974) and Coetzee (1977b) noted skull and skin differences.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF22F9A1FC43133E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF25FB15FC431C0B.text	41263629C33F746AFF25FB15FC431C0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bdeogale nigripes Pucheran 1855	<div><p>Bdeogale nigripes Pucheran, 1855. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, 7(2):111.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Gubon" [Gabon].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Nigeria to N Angola.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Rosevear (1974) placed nigripes in Galeriscus. Kingdon (1977) considered jacksoni conspecific with nigripes; however, Rosevear (1974) and Coetzee (19776) noted skull and skin differences.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF25FB15FC431C0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF1CFE92FA8817D8.text	41263629C33F746AFF1CFE92FA8817D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bdeogale Peters 1850	<div><p>Bdeogale Peters, 1850. Spenersche Z., 25 June, 1850 (unpaginated).</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Bdeogale crassicauda Peters, 1852; by subsequent designation by Thomas (1882) (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Matschie (1895), Pocock (1916«), Coetzee (19776), Kingdon (1977), and Meester et al. (1986) included Galeriscus Thomas, 1894. Rosevear (1974) believed that no one had advanced any "reasoned argument" for combining Galeriscus with Bdeogale, and followed Schouteden (1945) and Hill and Carter (1941) who considered them distinct; all have agreed that jacksoni and nigripes are sister groups.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF1CFE92FA8817D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF25F55EFCAC1E00.text	41263629C33F746AFF25F55EFCAC1E00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossarchus alexandri Thomas and Wroughton 1907	<div><p>Crossarchus alexandri Thomas and Wroughton, 1907. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 19:373.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "from Banzyville, Ubanghi" [= Mobayi, Zaire, 4°N, 21°11 'E (Goldman, 1984)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Central African Republic, Congo, Uganda, Zaire.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: minor Goldman, 1984.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF25F55EFCAC1E00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746AFF1FF46DFA801D65.text	41263629C33F746AFF1FF46DFA801D65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossarchus F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Crossarchus F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(47), "le Mangue" 3 pp., 1 pl.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Crossarchus obscurus F. G. Cuvier, 1825, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Goldman (1984). Placed in Mungos by Hill and Carter (1941). Van Rompaey and Colyn (1992) presented a key to the species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746AFF1FF46DFA801D65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33F746BFF21F678F92F1575.text	41263629C33F746BFF21F678F92F1575.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossarchus ansorgei Thomas 1910	<div><p>Crossarchus ansorgei Thomas, 1910. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 5:195.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Dalia Tando" [= Angola, Ndala Tando, 9° 18'S, 14°54'E (Goldman, 1984)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Angola, SE Zaire.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: nigricolor.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Van Rompaey and Colyn (1992, Mammalian Species, 402).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33F746BFF21F678F92F1575	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFEC0FD4FFAB81715.text	41263629C33E746BFEC0FD4FFAB81715.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossarchus obscurus F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Crossarchus obscurus F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(47), "Mangue" 3 pp.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "côtes occidentales de l'Afrique, et vraisemblablement des parties qui sont au midi de la Gambie " restricted by Cuvier (1829:158) to " Sierra Leone ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: platycephalus Goldman, 1984; somalicus Thomas, 1895.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Goldman (1984, 1987) separated central (C. platycephalus) from western (C. obscurus) African populations based on phenetic differences in skull proportions. Wozencraft (1989b) argued for consideration of these populations as conspecific. Reviewed by Goldman (1987, Mammalian Species, 290).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFEC0FD4FFAB81715	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFF3CFF59F8ED1799.text	41263629C33E746BFF3CFF59F8ED1799.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynictis Ogilby 1833	<div><p>Cynictis Ogilby, 1833. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833:48.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cynictis steedmanni Ogilby, 1833 (= Herpestes penicillatus G. Cuvier, 1829).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFF3CFF59F8ED1799	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFEC2FFF0FBE31141.text	41263629C33E746BFEC2FFF0FBE31141.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynictis penicillata (G. [Baron] Cuvier 1829)	<div><p>Cynictis penicillata (G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1829). Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed., 1:158.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "du Cap", restricted by Roberts (1951: 151) to "Uitenhage, C.P." [South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, SW Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bechuanae Roberts, 1932; brachyura Roberts, 1924; bradfieldi Roberts, 1924; Cinderella Thomas, 1927; cootnbsi Roberts, 1929; intensa Schwann, 1906; kalaharica Roberts, 1932; karasensis Roberts, 1938; lepturus Smith, 1839; levaillantii Smith, 1829; ogilbyi Smith, 1834; pallidior Thomas and Schwann, 1904; steedmanni Ogilby, 1833; typicus Smith, 1834.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Lundholm (1955b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFEC2FFF0FBE31141	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFEC5FA40FA2F138C.text	41263629C33E746BFEC5FA40FA2F138C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dologale dybowskii (Pousargues 1893)	<div><p>Dologale dybowskii (Pousargues, 1893). Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 18:51.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Ubangi, Congo Beige", restricted by Moreau et al. (1945:410) to "on the Upper Kemo, a tributary to the north of the Ubangui, about 6°17'N, 19°12'E " [Central African Republic].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Central African Republic, S Sudan, W Uganda, NE Zaire.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: nigripes Kershaw, 1924; robusta Allen, 1924.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pousargues (1894) later redescribed the species in detail.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFEC5FA40FA2F138C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFF3FF9A5F9631248.text	41263629C33E746BFF3FF9A5F9631248.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dologale Thomas 1926	<div><p>Dologale Thomas, 1926. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 17: 183.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Crossarchus dybowskii Pousargues, 1893, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Hayman (1936). Although originally placed in Crossarchus, most since Hayman (1936) believed this genus to be the sister group to Helogale; Allen (1924) identified some specimens of this taxon as Helogale hirtula robusta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFF3FF9A5F9631248	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFEC5F564FA701E88.text	41263629C33E746BFEC5F564FA701E88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galerella flavescens (Bocage 1889)	<div><p>Galerella flavescens (Bocage, 1889). J. Sei. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser 12, 1:179.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Benguella", [Angola].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Angola, C and N Namibia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annulatus Lundholm, 1955; nigratus Thomas, 1928; shortridgei Roberts, 1932.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Included in sanguinea by Taylor (1975). The form flavescens was not mentioned in Meester et al. (1986) or Watson and Dippenaar's (1987) revision; Crawford-Cabral (1989a) considered nigratus conspecific with flavescens, the senior synonym. Meester et al. (1986) listed nigratus as a synonym of G. pulverulenta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFEC5F564FA701E88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C33E746BFF3FFBEFFAD11D6B.text	41263629C33E746BFF3FFBEFFAD11D6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galerella Gray 1865	<div><p>Galerella Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:564 [1865].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Herpestes ochraceus Gray, 1849 (= Herpestes sanguineus Rüppell, 1836) by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Lynch (1981), Watson and Dippenaar (1987), Watson (1990), and Taylor et al. (1991) who considered these taxa a monophyletic group. CrawfordCabral (1989a:2) regarded these taxa as a "superspecies with several allospecies." These taxa are provisionally separated from Herpestes (sensu latu) following these revisions and reviews by Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), and Meester et al. (1986) (see discussion under Herpestes).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C33E746BFF3FFBEFFAD11D6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3317464FF3AFD0BFBAF16D2.text	41263629C3317464FF3AFD0BFBAF16D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galerella pulverulenta (Wagner 1839)	<div><p>Galerella pulverulenta (Wagner, 1839). Gelehrte. Anz. I.K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., München., 9:426.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kap" [Cape of Good Hope, South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, south of 27°S latitude (Bronner, 1990).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: apiculatus Gray, 1865; basuticus Roberts, 1936; caffra Smith, 1826; tasti Wroughton, 1907; maritimus Roberts, 1919; ratlamuchi Thomas, 1929; ruddi Rhomas, 1903; rufescens Lorenz, 1898.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Lynch (1981) and Watson and Dippenaar (1987), who removed annidata and shortridgei (considered here as incertae sedis) and nigrata (placed here in flavescens) from pulverulenta; although Meester et al. (1986) did not. Crawford-Cabral (1989«) included these taxa with flavescens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3317464FF3AFD0BFBAF16D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3317464FF3DFF2AFB1F1D65.text	41263629C3317464FF3DFF2AFB1F1D65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galerella sanguinea (Ruppell 1836)	<div><p>Galerella sanguinea (Rüppell, 1836). Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth., 1:27.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kordofan" [Sudan].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde Isis, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritana, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: auratus Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; badius Smith, 1838; bocagei Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; bradfieldi Roberts, 1932; bruneoochracea Matschie, 1914; caldatus Thomas, 1927; canus Wroughton, 1907; caurinus Thomas, 1926; cauui Smith, 1836; condradsi Matschie, 1914; dasilvai Roberts, 1938; dentifer Heller, 1913; elegans Matschie, 1914; emini Matschie, 1914; ererensis Matschie, 1914; erlangeri Matschie, 1914; erongensis Roberts, 1946; flaviventris Matschie, 1914; fulvidior Thomas, 1904; fuscus Rüppell, 1835; galbus Wroughton, 1909; galinieri Guérin and Ferret, 1847; gracilis Rüppell, 1835; granti Gray, 1864; ignitoides Roberts, 1932; ignitus Roberts, 1913; iodoprymnus Heuglin, 1861; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; kaokoensis Roberts, 1932; khanensis Roberts, 1932; lancasteri Roberts, 1932; lefebvrei Desmurs and Prévost, 1850; lundensis Monard, 1935; marae Matschie, 1914; melanura Martin, 1836; mossambica Matschie, 1914; mustela Schwarz, 1935; mutgigella Rüppell, 1835; mutscheltschela Heuglin, 1877; neumanni Matschie, 1894; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; nigricaudatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839; ochraceus Gray, 1849; ochromelas Pucheran, 1855; okavangensis Roberts, 1932; orestes Heller, 1911; ornatus Peters, 1852; parvipes Hollister, 1916; perfulvidus Thomas, 1904; phoenicurus Thomas, 1912; proteus Thomas, 1907; punctulatus Gray, 1849; ratlamuchi Smith, 1836; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; ruasae Matschie, 1914; ruficauda Heuglin, 1877; saharae Thomas, 1925; schimperi Matschie, 1914; swinnyi Roberts, 1913; talboti Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; turstigi Matschie, 1914; ugandae Wroughton, 1909; upingtoni Shortridge, 1934; venatica Gray, 1865; zombae Wroughton, 1907.</p> <p>COMMENTS: This engimatic group, reviewed by Taylor (1975), is represented by several allopatric populations (A situation similar to the Genetta genetta complex where they are recognized as conspecific). Watson and Dippenaar (1987), in their revision, argued for the separation of nigratus Thomas, 1928 (= flavescens), and swalius Thomas, 1926, and considered swinnyi Roberts, 1913, as incertae sedis (included here), although their study did not include representative samples from NE and W Africa. It is believed that swinnyi has been extirpated from the type locality (Watson, in litt.). Taylor (1989) suggested that the allopatric ochraceus from Somalia warrants full specific status. Certainly, these studies suggests that a thorough revision, inclusive of all of the African forms of sanguinea is badly needed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3317464FF3DFF2AFB1F1D65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3317464FF3BF55DF9CA1E2A.text	41263629C3317464FF3BF55DF9CA1E2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galerella swalius (Thomas 1926)	<div><p>Galerella swalius (Thomas, 1926). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1926:292.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Great Brukaros Mountain, 3500'" [Namibia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S and C Namibia.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Included in sanguinea by Meester et al. (1989) and Taylor (1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3317464FF3BF55DF9CA1E2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3317465FF14F60DF953157D.text	41263629C3317465FF14F60DF953157D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helogale Gray 1862	<div><p>Helogale Gray, 1862. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861:308 [1862].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Herpestes parvulus Sundevall, 1846, by subsequent designation by Thomas (1882) (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: The number of taxa ascribed to this genus is provisional. Ellerman et al. (1953) recognized 7 species, Allen (1939) listed eleven. The acceptance here of two, follows Coetzee (1977b). The range of H. hirtula is included within that of H. parvula.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3317465FF14F60DF953157D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3307465FED7FD56FC13169B.text	41263629C3307465FED7FD56FC13169B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helogale hirtula Thomas 1904	<div><p>Helogale hirtula Thomas, 1904. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 14:97.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Gabridehari, 60 mi West of Gerlogobi", restricted by Moreau et al. (1946:410) to "south-east Ethiopia (Ogaden) at about 7°0'N, 45°20'E ". Further restricted by Yalden et al. (1980) to "Gabridehari (=Gabredarre, Kebridar) 6°45'N, 44°17'E ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Ethiopia, S and C Somalia, N and C Kenya.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ahlselli Lönnberg, 1912; annulata Drake-Brockman, 1912; lutescens Thomas, 1911; powelli Drake-Brockman, 1912.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3307465FED7FD56FC13169B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3307465FF29FEF1F9A710BA.text	41263629C3307465FF29FEF1F9A710BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helogale parvula (Sundevall 1847)	<div><p>Helogale parvula (Sundevall, 1847). Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm, 1846, 3(4):121 [1847].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Caffraria superiore, juxta tropicum", restricted by Roberts (1951) to "Zoutpansberg" [South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: affinis Hollister, 1916; atkinsoni Thomas, 1897; bradfieldi Roberts, 1928; brunetta Thomas, 1926; brunnula Thomas and Schwann, 1906; ivori Thomas, 1919; macmillani Thomas, 1906; mimetra Thomas, 1926; nero Thomas, 1928; ochracea Thomas, 1910; parvus Hollister, 1912; ruficeps Kershaw, 1922; rufula Thomas, 1910; undulatus Peters, 1852; varia Thomas, 1902; vetula Thomas, 1911; victorina Thomas, 1902.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3307465FF29FEF1F9A710BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC.text	41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes Illiger 1811	<div><p>Herpestes Illiger, 1811. Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium., p. 135.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758, by absolute tautonomy, through the replaced name Ichneumon Lacépède, 1799 (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1919, 1937, 1941a) and Bechthold (1939). Coetzee (1977b), and Hayman (in Sanderson, 1940) included Xenogale (see discussion under naso). Allen (1924), considered only ichneumon in this genus and separated sanguineus and pulverulentus into Galerella; for support, he contrasted the large ichneumon with the smaller sanguineus-pulverulentus complex and reported proportional differences in measurements of skeleton and skull. His rationale has been repeated, in some cases verbatum, by Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), Meester et al. (1986), and Watson and Dippenaar (1987). Taylor et al. (1991) presented an allozyme analysis and argued for generic recognition, however, they did not include Asiatic Herpestes, and their consensus tree made the placement of the sanguineus / pulverulentus clade equivocal. Fredga's (1972) comparative chromosome analysis looked at variation including Asiatic and African Herpestes, and based on this, recognition of Galerella would make Herpestes paraphyletic. Comparison of measurements from Allen (1924), Rosevear (1974), and Smithers (1983) for African forms, and Bechthold (1939) and Pocock (1941a) for Asiatic forms reveals that the large morphological gaps originally identified by Allen (1924), dissolve when Asiatic species are included. Ellerman et al. (1953) and Wozencraft (1989b) suggested that differences between these taxa and other Herpestes are less than those found within Herpestes. Morphological criteria similar to that used by Allen (1924) have mostly been used at the specific level in other carnivores. Although the case is not strong, many recent authors have recognized Galerella and this is provisionally followed here (see comments under Galerella).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3307466FF2AF4D2FA5B177F.text	41263629C3307466FF2AF4D2FA5B177F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes brachyurus Gray 1837	<div><p>Herpestes brachyurus Gray, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836:88 [1837].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Indian Islands", restricted by Kloss (1917) to "Borneo", however, Thomas (1921 c) believed it to be from " Malacca ". Pocock, in Chasen (1940), believed the type to be a "Malayan Race".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S India, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra), Malaysia, Philippine Isis, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ceylanicus Nevill, 1887; ceylonicus Thomas, 1924; dyacorum Thomas, 1921; flavidens Kelaart, 1852; fulvescens Kelaart, 1851; /«sc« Waterhouse, 1838; hosei Jentink, 1903; javanensis Bechthold, 1936; maccarthiae Gray, 1851; palawanus Allen, 1910; parvus Jentink, 1895; phillipsi Thomas, 1924; rafflesii Anderson, 1875; rajah Thomas, 1921; rubidior Pocock, 1937; siccatus Thomas, 1924; sumatrius Thomas, 1921.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Bechthold (1939), followed here, included hosei and fusca, and listed characteristics suggesting that in some respects, semitorquatus was intermediate between brachyurus and urva; this was followed by Medway (1977). Bechthold (1939) believed that /usc« (sensu stricto) is most closely related to far-eastern brachyurus forms and considered them conspecific (both forms are short tailed mongooses); however, he gave features of the skull and pelage (used elsewhere at the specific level, i.e., edwardsii vs. javanicus) that distinguished the S India /Sri Lankan populations from those of SE Asia. Here they are provisionally treated as allopatric subspecies. Schwarz (1947) believed semitorcjuatus to be a red color morph of the dark brachyurus, although he did not address the most distinguishing feature of the collared mongoose - the collar - present in semitorquatus and absent in brachyurus. Medway (1977), followed by Payne et al. (1985), recognized hosei based on differences in the shape of the coronoid process of the mandible.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3307466FF2AF4D2FA5B177F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3337466FF0DFF57FDAE11AD.text	41263629C3337466FF0DFF57FDAE11AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes edwardsii (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818)	<div><p>Herpestes edwardsii (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818). Descrip, de L'Egypte, 2:139.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Indes orientales".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Bahrain, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kuwait, Malaya (introduced; Wells, 1989), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Sri Lanka. Populations believed to be introductions on Ryukyu Isis, Mauritus, and Reunion Isl (Corbet and Hill, 1980).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: andersoni Murray, 1884; carnaticus Thomas, 1921; ellioti Wroughton; ferrugineus Blanford, 1874; fimbriatus Temminck, 1853; frederici Desmarest, 1823; griseus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818; lanka Wroughton, 1915; malaccensis Fischer, 1829; moerens Wroughton, 1915; montanus Bechthold, 1936; mungo Blanford, 1888; nyula Hodgson, 1836; pallens Ryley, 1914; pallidus Wagner, 1841; pondiceriana Gervais, 1841; ruddi Thomas, 1903.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3337466FF0DFF57FDAE11AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3337466FF0CF9A3FA5E1C21.text	41263629C3337466FF0CF9A3FA5E1C21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Herpestes ichneumon (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:43.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in AEgypto ad ripas Nili,...in India primario; mansuescit", restricted by Thomas (1911«) to " Egypt ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Gibralter, Guinea, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Lybia, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Portugal, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aegyptiae Tiedemann, 1808; angolensis Bocage, 1890; bennettii Gray, 1837; cafra Gmelin, 1788; centralis Lönnberg, 1917; dorsalis Gray, 1864; egypti Tiedemann, 1808; ferruginea Seabra, 1909; funestus Osgood, 1910; grandis Thomas, 1890; griseus Smuts, 1832; lademanni Matschie, 1914; mababiensis Roberts, 1932; madagascarensis Smith, 1834; major Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818; nems Kerr, 1792; numidianus Gray, 1865; numidicus Cuvier, 1834; parvidens Lönnberg, 1908; pharaon Lacépède, 1799; sabiensis Roberts, 1926; sangronizi Cabrera, 1924; widdringtonii Gray, 1842.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3337466FF0CF9A3FA5E1C21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3337466FF0DF419F8F01E43.text	41263629C3337466FF0DF419F8F01E43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818)	<div><p>Herpestes javanicus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818). Descrip, de L'Egypte, 2:138.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Java ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced to Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji Isis, Hawaiian Isis, Jamacia, Japan, Puerto Rico, Surinam, West Indies, and many other tropical regions.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India) as H. auropunctatus.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: auropunctata Hodgson, 1836; birmanicus Thomas, 1886; exilis Gervais, 1841; helvus Ryley, 1914; incertus Kloss, 1917; nepalensis Gray, 1837; pallipes Blyth, 1845; peninsulae Schwarz, 1910; perakensis Kloss, 1917; persicus Gray, 1864; rubrifrons Allen, 1909; rutilus Gray, 1861; siamensis Kloss, 1917.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Bechthold (1939), Pocock (1941«), and Lekagul and McNeeley (1977) included Mangusta auropunctata. Wells (1989) discussed the situation for the morphotypes in Indochina. Reviewed by Nellis (1989, Mammalian Species, 342, as H. auropunctatus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3337466FF0DF419F8F01E43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3337467FF0DF6BBFC9716B2.text	41263629C3337467FF0DF6BBFC9716B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes naso de Winton 1901	<div><p>Herpestes naso de Winton, 1901. Bull. Liverpool Mus., 3:35.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Cameroon River, West Africa" [Cameroon].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Niger, Tanzania, Zaire.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: microdon Allen, 1919.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Xenogale by Allen (1919b), and followed by Rosevear (1974) and Ansell (1978). This taxon, and ichneumon, which is generally recognized as its sister taxon (Allen, 1919b; Rosevear, 1974; Hayman, in Sanderson, 1940), can be distinguished principally by proportional differences of the interorbital region (Rosevear, 1974). Hayman (in Sanderson, 1940), Wenzel and Haltenorth (1972), and Coetzee (1977b) did not feel these differences were sufficient to warrant generic distinction, as did Allen (1919b), and Rosevear (1974). Recognition of Xenogale would make Herpestes paraphyletic.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3337467FF0DF6BBFC9716B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FED3FE89F8B017F8.text	41263629C3327467FED3FE89F8B017F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes palustris Ghose 1965	<div><p>Herpestes palustris Ghose, 1965. Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta, 18:174.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Nalbani (c 8 km east of Calcutta), North Salt Lake, 24-Parganas district, West Bengal, India ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India: West Bengal.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Wenzel and Haltenorth (1972) speculated that this taxon may be conspecific with auropunctatus (= javanicus); whereas Ewer (1973), based on Ghose's observation that palustris can emit scent similiar to urva speculated on such a relationship to urva.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FED3FE89F8B017F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FED2FFD1FE16113E.text	41263629C3327467FED2FFD1FE16113E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes semitorquatus Gray 1846	<div><p>Herpestes semitorquatus Gray, 1846. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 18:211.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Borneo" [Mainland opposite Labuan (= Brunei)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Borneo and Sumatra).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: uniformis Robinson and Kloss, 1919.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Schwarz (1947) concluded that semitorquatus was a red color morph of the dark brachyurus, see comments under brachyurus. Placed in subgenus Urva by Bechthold (1939).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FED2FFD1FE16113E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FED5F916FB5A125A.text	41263629C3327467FED5F916FB5A125A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes smithii Gray 1837	<div><p>Herpestes smithii Gray, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:578.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Thomas (1923) suggested that it was from the " Bombay Region" but this was questioned by Pocock (1937).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India, Sri Lanka.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: canens Thomas, 1921; ellioti Blyth, 1851; jerdonii Gray, 1864; monticolus Jerdon, 1867; rubiginosus Kelaart, 1852; rusanus Thomas, 1921; thysanurus Wagner, 1841; torquatus Kelaart, 1852; zeylanius Thomas, 1921.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FED5F916FB5A125A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FED5FAB2F987139F.text	41263629C3327467FED5FAB2F987139F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes urva (Hodgson 1836)	<div><p>Herpestes urva (Hodgson, 1836). J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 5:238.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Central and Northern Regions" [Nepal].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, China, India, Laos, Malaysia (Wells and Francis, 1988), Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annamensis Bechthold, 1936; cancrivora Hodgson, 1837; formosanus Bechthold, 1936; fusca Gray, 1830; hanensis Matschie, 1907; sinensis Bechthold, 1936.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FED5FAB2F987139F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FED5FBF6FAD71C90.text	41263629C3327467FED5FBF6FAD71C90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Herpestes vitticollis Bennett 1835	<div><p>Herpestes vitticollis Bennett, 1835. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835:67.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in forests about twenty miles inland from Kolun or Quilon, in the Travancore country" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S India, Sri Lanka.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: inornatus Pocock, 1941; rubiginosus Wagner, 1841.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FED5FBF6FAD71C90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327467FF0FF4D4FBAC1D4A.text	41263629C3327467FF0FF4D4FBAC1D4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichneumia I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	<div><p>Ichneumia I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), 8(2):251.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Herpestes albicaudus G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1829, by designation of Geoffroy SaintHilaire (1839) (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327467FF0FF4D4FBAC1D4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3327460FED5F542FAB0159F.text	41263629C3327460FED5F542FAB0159F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ichneumia albicauda (G. [Baron] Cuvier 1829)	<div><p>Ichneumia albicauda (G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1829). Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed., 21:158.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "l'Afrique australe et le Sénégal ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: abuwudan Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866; albescens I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1839; almodovari Cabrerra, 1902; dialeucos Hollister, 1916; ferox Heller, 1913; grandis Thomas, 1890; haagneri Roberts, 1924; ibeanus Thomas, 1904; leucurus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; loandae Thomas, 1904; loempo Temminck, 1853; nigricauda Pucheran, 1855.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Taylor (1972, Mammalian Species, 12).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3327460FED5F542FAB0159F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF6BFDE1FA421602.text	41263629C3357460FF6BFDE1FA421602.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liberiictis Hayman 1958	<div><p>Liberiictis Hayman, 1958. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, 1:449.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Liberiictis kuhni Hayman, 1958, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF6BFDE1FA421602	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF3EFE79F9B9173C.text	41263629C3357460FF3EFE79F9B9173C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liberiictis kuhni Hayman 1958	<div><p>Liberiictis kuhni Hayman, 1958. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13, 1:449.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kpeaplay, north-east Liberia, about 6°36'N, 8°30'W ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Liberia and Ivory Coast (Taylor, in litt.).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Goldman and Taylor (1990, Mammalian Species, 348).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF3EFE79F9B9173C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF6DFF7FF9F917CB.text	41263629C3357460FF6DFF7FF9F917CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mungos E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier 1795	<div><p>Mungos E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, 1795. Mag. Encyclop., 2:184, 187.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Not given; Viverra mungo Gmelin, 1788, designated by Muirhead (1819) (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Allen (1919b) discussed the nomenclatural history of this name.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF6DFF7FF9F917CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF33FFC4F9091059.text	41263629C3357460FF33FFC4F9091059.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mungos gambianus (Ogilby 1835)	<div><p>Mungos gambianus (Ogilby, 1835). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835:102.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Gambia ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF33FFC4F9091059	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF33F8B1F9E112D2.text	41263629C3357460FF33F8B1F9E112D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mungos mungo (Gmelin 1788)	<div><p>Mungos mungo (Gmelin, 1788). In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1:84.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Bengala, Persia, aliisque asiae", restricted by Ogilby (1835:101) to " Gambia ". However, Thomas (1882) believed it to be in the eastern part of South Africa, Cape Prov., as did Roberts (1929).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: adailensis Heuglin, 1861; bororensis Roberts, 1929; colonus Heller, 1911; damarensis Zukowsky, 1956; fasciatus Desmarest, 1823; gothneh Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866; grisonax Thomas, 1926; leucostethicus Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866; macrosus Lydekker, 1907; macrurus Thomas, 1907; mandjarum Schwarz, 1915; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; pallidipes Roberts, 1929; rossi Roberts, 1929; senescens Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; somalicus Thomas, 1895; taenianotus Smith, 1834; talboti Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; zebra Riippell, 1835; zebroides Lönnberg, 1908.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF33F8B1F9E112D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF6CFB14FE29138B.text	41263629C3357460FF6CFB14FE29138B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracynictis Pocock 1916	<div><p>Paracynictis Pocock, 1916. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 17:177.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cynictis selousi de Winton, 1896, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF6CFB14FE29138B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF33FB80F95F1C97.text	41263629C3357460FF33FB80F95F1C97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracynictis selousi (de Winton 1896)	<div><p>Paracynictis selousi (de Winton, 1896). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 18:469.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "found on a grassy heap under a tree, EssexVale, Matabeleland... near Bulawayo " [Zimbabwe].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bechuanae Roberts, 1932; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; sengaani Roberts, 1931.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF33FB80F95F1C97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF30F54BFB591E6C.text	41263629C3357460FF30F54BFB591E6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhynchogale melleri (Gray 1865)	<div><p>Rhynchogale melleri (Gray, 1865). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:575 [1865].)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "from a ravine on the outskirts of the Otto Estate, near Mbweni, about 2Vi miles west of Kilosa, Tanganyika Territory " [Tanzania] (pg. 79).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: caniceps Kershaw, 1924; langi Roberts, 1938.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF30F54BFB591E6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF6DF4DBFD2F1D70.text	41263629C3357460FF6DF4DBFD2F1D70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhynchogale Thomas 1894	<div><p>Rhynchogale Thomas, 1894. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1894:139.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Rhinogale melleri Gray, 1865, by monotypy through the replaced name Rhinogale Gray, 1865.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF6DF4DBFD2F1D70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3357460FF6AF64FFC101EC4.text	41263629C3357460FF6AF64FFC101EC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Suricata Desmarest 1804	<div><p>Suricata Desmarest, 1804. Tabi. Méth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 24:15.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Suricata capensis Desmarest, 1804 (= Viverra suricatta Erxleben, 1777), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3357460FF6AF64FFC101EC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FED1F885FC3B137A.text	41263629C3347461FED1F885FC3B137A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regni Anim., 1:578.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea, Aethiopia, ad caput bonae spei in terrae rupiumque caueis", restricted by Cabrera (1911:95) to "Senegambia".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: capensis Desmarest, 1817; colvini Lydekker, 1844; croacuta A. Smith, 1826; cuvieri Boitard, 1842; encrita Smith, 1827; felina Lydekker, 1844; fisi Heller, 1914; fortis Allen, 1924; gariepensis Matschie, 1900; germinans Matschie, 1900; habessynica Blainville, 1844; kibonotensis Lönnberg, 1905; leontiewi Satunin, 1905; maculata Thunberg, 1811; noltei Matschie, 1900; nyasae Cabrera, 1911; nzoyae Cabrera, 1911; panganensis Lönnberg, 1905; rufa Desmarest, 1817; rufopicta Cabrera, 1911; sivalensis Falconer and Cautley, 1868; spelaea Goldfuss, 1823; thierryi Matschie, 1900; thomasi Cabrera, 1911; togoensis Matschie, 1900; ultima Matsumoto, 1915; venustula Ewer, 1954; weissmanni Trouessart, 1904; wissmanni Matschie, 1900.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Matthews (1939).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FED1F885FC3B137A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FF08FFC2F978108D.text	41263629C3347461FF08FFC2F978108D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crocuta Kaup 1828	<div><p>Crocuta Kaup, 1828. Oken's Isis. Encyclop. Zeit, 21(11), column 1145.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis crocuta Erxleben, 1777, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Antedated by Crocuta Meigen, 1800 (an insect), but this name has been suppressed (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1962).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FF08FFC2F978108D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FF0DFBBDFCA01C61.text	41263629C3347461FF0DFBBDFCA01C61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyaena Briinnich 1771	<div><p>Hyaena Briinnich, 1771. Zool. Fundamenta, p. 34, 42, 43.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Canis hyaena Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1934c). Hyaena Brisson, 1762, is unavailable (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1955). See comments under Parahyaena for exclusion of brunnea here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FF0DFBBDFCA01C61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FED3F458FA9F1EF8.text	41263629C3347461FED3F458FA9F1EF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat. 10th ed., 1:40.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " India ", restricted by Thomas (1911a: 134) to "Benna Mts., Laristan, S. Persia ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, republics of the former USSR, Yemen.</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as H. h. barbara.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antiquorum Temminck, 1820; barbara de Blainville, 1844; bergeri Matschie, 1910; bilkiewiczi Satunin, 1905; bokcharensis Satunin, 1905; dubbah Meyer, 1793; dubia Schinz, 1821; fasciata Thunberg, 1820; hienomelas Matschie, 1900; hyaenomelas Desmarest, 1820; indica de Blainville, 1844; orientalis Tiedemann, 1808; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; satunini Matschie, 1910; schillingsi Matschie, 1900; striata Zimmerman, 1777; suilla Filippi, 1853; sultana Pocock, 1934; sultana Pocock, 1934; syriaca Matschie, 1900; virgata Ogilby, 1840; vulgaris Desmarest, 1820; zarudnyi Satunin, 1905.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rieger (1981, Mammalian Species, 150).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FED3F458FA9F1EF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FF09FE97FA3B170B.text	41263629C3347461FF09FE97FA3B170B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyaenidae Gray 1821	<div><p>Family Hyaenidae Gray, 1821. London Med. Repos., 15:302.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Hyaena Briinnich, 1771, by original designation. Reviewed by Ronnefeld (1969) and revised by Werdelin and Solounias (1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FF09FE97FA3B170B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FF09FF6BFAFE17FF.text	41263629C3347461FF09FF6BFAFE17FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyaeninae Gray 1821	<div><p>Subfamily Hyaeninae Gray, 1821. London Med. Repos., 15:302.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Hyaena Briinnich, 1771, by original designation. Mivart (1882) was first to restrict the subfamily to taxa considered here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FF09FF6BFAFE17FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3347461FEDCFD11FA621654.text	41263629C3347461FEDCFD11FA621654.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Suricata suricatta Schreber 1776	<div><p>Suricata suricatta Schreber, 1776. Die Säugethiere, pl. 117 [1776].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Listed as " Cape of Good Hope" by Meester et al. (1986), restricted by Thomas and Schwann (1905: 133) to "Deelfontein" [South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Namibia, South Africa, S Botswana.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: capensis Desmarest, 1804; hahni Thomas, 1927; hamiltoni Thomas and Schwann, 1905; lophurus Thomas and Schwann, 1905; marjoriae Bradfield, 1936; namaquensis Thomas and Schwann, 1905; surakatta Smith, 1826; tetradactyla Pallas 1778; typicus Smith, 1834; viverrina Desmarest, 1819; zenik Scopoli, 1786.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3347461FEDCFD11FA621654	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7CF576FD861E45.text	41263629C3377462FF7CF576FD861E45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblonyx Rafinesque 1832	<div><p>Amblonyx Rafinesque, 1832. Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, 1 (2):62.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Lutra concolor Rafinesque, 1832 (= Lutra cinerea liliger, 1815).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Leptonyx Lesson, 1842; Micraonyx J.A. Allen, 1919.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Osgood (1932), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Coetzee (19776), and Meester et al. (1986) considered Amblonyx Rafinesque, 1832, as congeneric with Aonyx; here separated based on Harris (1968), van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987), and Medway (1977).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7CF576FD861E45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7DF448FAB31D33.text	41263629C3377462FF7DF448FAB31D33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutrinae Bonaparte 1838	<div><p>Subfamily Lutrinae Bonaparte, 1838. Nuovi Ann Sci. Nat., 2:111.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1941«), van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987, 1991«), and Pohle (1920). Reviewed by Harris (1968) and I. I. Sokolov (1973). Foster-Turley et al. (1990) reviewed the conservation status and distribution of otters.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7DF448FAB31D33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7DFBF5F9B51C68.text	41263629C3377462FF7DFBF5F9B51C68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustelidae Fischer 1817	<div><p>Family Mustelidae Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: For review of subfamily relationships, see Muizon (19826) and Wozencraft (1989«). Conservation status of family reviewed by Schreiber et al. (1989).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7DFBF5F9B51C68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF00FE22F96A17BD.text	41263629C3377462FF00FE22F96A17BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahyaena brunnea (Thunberg 1820)	<div><p>Parahyaena brunnea (Thunberg, 1820). K. Svenska Vet.-Acad. Handl. Stockholm, p. 59.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Goda Hopps Udden; Södra Afrika" [South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Orange Free State, South Africa, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: /use« Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1825; makapani Toerien, 1952; melampus Pocock, 1935; striata Smith, 1826; villosa Smith, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Mills (1982, Mammalian Species, 194, as Hyaena brunnea).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF00FE22F96A17BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7DFD09FBD0162A.text	41263629C3377462FF7DFD09FBD0162A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parahyaena Hendey 1974	<div><p>Parahyaena Hendey, 1974. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 63: 149.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Hyaena brunnea Thunberg, 1820.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Some have considered Hyaena to include brunnea, however, this would be a paraphyletic group among extant (Werdelin and Solounias, 1991) and/or fossil taxa (Galiano and Frailey, 1977; Hendey, 1974).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7DFD09FBD0162A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF03F96AF96613B4.text	41263629C3377462FF03F96AF96613B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proteles cristatus (Sparrman 1783)	<div><p>Proteles cristatus (Sparrman, 1783). Resa Goda-Hopps-Udden. I., 1783:581.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: English translation (Sparrman, 1786) of original locality: "Agter-Bruntjes hoogte...which takes in the upper part of Kleine Visch-rivier, and is separated from Camdebo by Bruntjes hoogtens..."; listed in Allen (1939) as "Near Little Fish River, Somerset East, Cape Colony" [South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Botswana).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: canescens Shortridge and Carter, 1938; harrisoni Rothschild, 1902; hyenoides Desmarest, 1822; lalandii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824; pallidior Cabrera, 1910; septentrionalis Rothschild, 1902; termes Heller, 1913; transvaalensis Roberts, 1932; typicus A. Smith, 1833.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Koehler and Richardson (1990, Mammalian Species, 363).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF03F96AF96613B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7DF8FEFAD51113.text	41263629C3377462FF7DF8FEFAD51113.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Proteles I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824	<div><p>Proteles I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1824:139.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Proteles lalandii 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824 (= Viverra cristata Sparrman, 1783), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7DF8FEFAD51113	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377462FF7BFFFEFD5110BC.text	41263629C3377462FF7BFFFEFD5110BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protelinae I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1851	<div><p>Subfamily Protelinae I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851. Cat. Méth. Coll. Mamm. Ois. (Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris):xiv.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Proteles I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987). Ronnefeld (1969) and Meester et al. (1986) placed Proteles in a separate family.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377462FF7BFFFEFD5110BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3377463FF05F6BDF9FA15D5.text	41263629C3377463FF05F6BDF9FA15D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amblonyx cinereus (Illiger 1815)	<div><p>Amblonyx cinereus (Illiger, 1815). Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1804-1811:99 [1815].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Batavia" [Indonesia, Java, Jakarta].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India, Bangladesh, Burma, S China and Hainan Isl; Taiwan; Indochina to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo); Philippines (Palawan Isl).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: concolor Rafinesque, 1832; indigitatus Hodgson, 1839; leptonyx Horsfield, 1823; nirnai Pocock, 1940; sikimensis Horsfield, 1855; swinhoei Gray, 1867.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3377463FF05F6BDF9FA15D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3367463FED8FFB4FD27117C.text	41263629C3367463FED8FFB4FD27117C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aonyx capensis (Schinz 1821)	<div><p>Aonyx capensis (Schinz, 1821). In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich, 1:211.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Capischer otter... Afrika" [South Africa, Cape Province].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: angolae Thomas, 1908; calaboricus Murray, 1860; coombsi Roberts, 1926; delalandi Lesson, 1827; gambianus Gray, 1865; helios Heller, 1913; hindei Thomas, 1905; inunguis F. G. Cuvier, 1823; lenoiri Rochebrune, 1888; meneleki Thomas, 1902; poensis Waterhouse, 1838.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3367463FED8FFB4FD27117C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3367463FED8F953F9CC12CE.text	41263629C3367463FED8F953F9CC12CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aonyx congicus Lonnberg 1910	<div><p>Aonyx congicus Lönnberg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 7(9):1.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Lower Congo." [Zaire]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered as A. (Paraonyx) congica microdon.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: microdon Pohle, 1920; philippsi Hinton, 1921.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Considered a distinct species by Pohle (1920) and van Zyll de Jong (1987). Perret and Aellen (1956) included Paraonyx philippsi Hinton, 1921, and Aonyx microdon Pohle, 1920; however, Harris (1968) listed these as distinct.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3367463FED8F953F9CC12CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3367463FF32FE17FBCE175B.text	41263629C3367463FF32FE17FBCE175B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aonyx Lesson 1827	<div><p>Aonyx Lesson, 1827. Manual de Mammalogie, p. 157.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Aonyx Delalandi Lesson, 1827 (= Lutra capensis Schinz, 1821) by subsequent designation (Palmer, 1904).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Anahyster Murray, 1860; Paraonyx Hinton, 1921.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Osgood (1932), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Coetzee (1977b) considered Amblonyx Rafinesque, 1832, as congeneric; here separated based on Harris (1968), Medway (1977), and van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987). There is little question that capensis and congicus are sister species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3367463FF32FE17FBCE175B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3367463FF30FB31F9AC13A5.text	41263629C3367463FF30FB31F9AC13A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enhydra Fleming 1822	<div><p>Enhydra Fleming, 1822. Philos. Zool., 2:187.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela lutris Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Enydris Lichtenstein, 1827; Latax Gloger, 1827; Sutra Elliot, 1874.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3367463FF30FB31F9AC13A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3367463FEC6FB9DFBC61DC8.text	41263629C3367463FEC6FB9DFBC61DC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Enhydra lutris (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Asia et America septentrionali," restricted by Thomas (1911a), to " Kamtchatka ", then by Roest (1973), to "the east central coast of Kamchatka, opposite the Commander Islands." [Russia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Russia (Sakhalin Isl, Kurile Isis, Commander Isis, Kamchatka), Canada, USA (Aleutian Isis, and S Alaska to California). Formerly in Mexico (Baja California) and Japan (coastal Hokkaido).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as E. I. nereis; otherwise Appedix II. U.S. ESA - Threatened as E. I. nereis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aterrima Pallas, 1811; gracilis Bechstein, 1800; kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; kenyoni Wilson, 1990; marina Steller, 1751; nereis Merriam, 1904; orientalis Oken, 1816; stelleri Lesson, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Roest (1973), Davis and Lidicker (1975), Wilson et al. (1991), and Estes (1980, Mammalian Species, 133).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3367463FEC6FB9DFBC61DC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C336745CFF3EF62CFDE41688.text	41263629C336745CFF3EF62CFDE41688.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lontra Gray 1843	<div><p>Lontra Gray, 1843. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 11:118.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Lutra canadensis Gray, 1843.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Latax Gray, 1843; Lataxina Gray, 1843; Nutria Gray, 1865.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987, 1991a) argued that the New World otters represent a single radiation and questioned whether Lutra (sensu stricto) or Aonyx was the closest sister group. There has been no published work to refute his hypothesis, although it has not received general acceptance. Hall (1981) chose not to question the monophyletic nature of the group, but to lower it to the subgeneric rank, feeling that the characters where not sufficient enough to warrant generic distinction. Regardless of the "morphological gap" between the monophyletic New World otters and the Old World otters, if Lutra (sensu stricto) is the closest sister group, then inclusion within Lutra could be maintained. However, if, as van Zyll de Jong (1987) suggested, Aonyx is the closest outgroup, then recognition at the generic level is necessary.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C336745CFF3EF62CFDE41688	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C309745CFF01FE80FBDB111F.text	41263629C309745CFF01FE80FBDB111F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lontra canadensis (Schreber 1777)	<div><p>Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777). Die Säugethiere, 3(18):pl. 126.B[1776], text: 3(26):457, 588(index)[1777]) (First occurance of name on pg. 588)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Der Fischotter...Europa überall gemein,... Einwohner des nördlichen Theils von Asien, bis nach Kamatschatka hinaus, und... Persian hinunter, und von Nordamerika." Miller (1912b: 113) listed the type locality as "Eastern Canada ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Most of North America south to Arizona, Texas, and Florida.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: americana Wyman, 1847; atterima Elliot, 1901; brevipilosus Grinnell, 1914; californica Baird, 1857; chimo Anderson, 1945; degener Bangs, 1898; destructor Barnston, 1863; evexa Goldman, 1935; hudsonica Merriam, 1899; interior Swenk, 1920; kodiacensis Goldman, 1935; lataxina F. G. Cuvier, 1823; mira Goldman, 1935; mollis Gray, 1843; nexa Goldman, 1935; optiva Goldman, 1935; pacifica Grinnell, 1933; paranensis Elliot, 1901; periclyzomae Elliot, 1905; preblei Goldman, 1935; rhoadsi Cope, 1897; sonora Rhoads, 1898; texensis Goldman, 1935; vaga Bangs, 1898; vancouverensis Goldman, 1935; yukonensis Goldman, 1935.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C309745CFF01FE80FBDB111F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C309745CFF01F976FAF21244.text	41263629C309745CFF01F976FAF21244.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lontra felina (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Lontra felina (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 284.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili " [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: West coast of South America from N Peru to Straits of Magellan.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: brachydactyla Wagner, 1841; californica Gray, 1837; chilensis Bennet, 1832; cinerea Thomas, 1908; peruensis Pohle, 1920; peruviensis Gervais, 1841.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Lontra by van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C309745CFF01F976FAF21244	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C309745CFF01FABCF9F31D66.text	41263629C309745CFF01FABCF9F31D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lontra longicaudis (Olfers 1818)	<div><p>Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818). In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek Reisenb., 15(2):233.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Brasilien."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Central America, W South America south to Peru, E South America south to Uruguay.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable as L. I. longicaudis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annectens Major, 1897; colombiana J. A. Allen, 1904; emerita Thomas, 1908; enudris Cuvier, 1823; fusco-rufa Gray, 1865; incarum Thomas, 1908; insularis Cuvier, 1823; latidens J. A. Allen, 1908; latifrons Nehring, 1887; lutris Larranaga, 1923; mesopetes Cabrera, 1924; mitis Thomas, 1908; paraensis Burmeister, 1861; parilina Thomas, 1914; platensis Waterhouse, 1838; pratensis Gerrard, 1862; repanda Goldman, 1914; solitaria Wagner, 1842.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Van Zyll de Jong (1972) included annectens, enudris, incarum, mesopetes, and platensis; however, Pohle (1920), Cabrera (1958), and Harris (1968) recognized these taxa as distinct species. These taxa, often referred to as the annectens-group were chiefly distinguished by variation in the shape of the rhinarium; van Zyll de Jong's (1972) analysis suggested that these should be considered conspecific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C309745CFF01FABCF9F31D66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C309745CFF01F55EFB4C1E77.text	41263629C309745CFF01F55EFB4C1E77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lontra provocax (Thomas 1908)	<div><p>Lontra provocax (Thomas, 1908). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 1:391.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "south of Lake Nahuel Huapi, Patagonia." [Argentina]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Patagonia (C and S Chile, W Argentina).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: huidobria Gray, 1847.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Lontra by van Zyll de Jong (1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C309745CFF01F55EFB4C1E77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C309745DFF7DF6B9F9721685.text	41263629C309745DFF7DF6B9F9721685.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutra Brunnich 1771	<div><p>Lutra Brünnich, 1771. Zool. Fundamenta, p. 34, 42.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela lutra Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Barangia Gray, 1865; Hydrictis Pocock, 1921; Lutronectes Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Some have used Lutra Brisson, 1762, which was ruled unavailable (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1955). Pocock (1921 c, 1941«) recognized Lutrogale Gray, 1865, and Hydrictis Pocock, 1921. Harris (1968) and van Zyll de Jong (1987; 1991a) considered lutra, maculicollis, and sumatrana to represent a single monophyletic group; furthermore, van Zyll de Jong's analysis supported separation of perspicillata from other Lutra, which is followed here. Van Zyll de Jong (1972) referred New World otters to Lontra (see comment therein), and although this has not been followed by some recent checklists (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Hall, 1981; Honacki, et al., 1982), van Zyll de Jong's hypothesis has not been refuted.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C309745DFF7DF6B9F9721685	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C308745DFECFFEFCFDFD1274.text	41263629C308745DFECFFEFCFDFD1274.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europae aquis dulcibus, fluviis, flagnis, piscinis," subsequently restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Upsala " (Sweden).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Eurasia (excl. tundra and desert): Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Laos, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mongolia, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, republics of the former USSR, Vietnam, and Yugoslavia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable as L. I. lutra.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: amurensis Dybowski, 1922; angustifrons Lataste, 1885; aureventer Blyth, 1863; aurobrunneus Hodgson, 1839; baicalensis Dybowski, 1922; barang F. G. Cuvier, 1823; ceylonica Pohle, 1920; chinensis Gray, 1837; fluviatilis Leach, 1816; hanensis Matschie, 1907; indica Gray, 1837; intermedia Pohle, 1920; japonica Nehring, 1887; kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; kutab Schinz, 1844; murinus Billberg, 1827; meridonalis Ognev, 1931; monticolus Hodgson, 1839; nair F. G. Cuvier, 1823; nepalensis Gray, 1865; nippon Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1989; nudipes Melchior, 1834; oxiana Birula, 1915; piscatoria Kerr, 1792; roensis Ogilby, 1834; seistanica Birula, 1912; sinensis Trouessart, 1897; splendida Cabrera, 1906; stejnegeri Goldman, 1936; vulgaris Erxleben, 1777; whiteleyi Gray, 1867.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1989) considered Japanese otters a distinct species (L. nippon).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C308745DFECFFEFCFDFD1274	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C308745DFECFFA50FE191D74.text	41263629C308745DFECFFA50FE191D74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein 1835	<div><p>Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein, 1835. Arch. Naturgesch., 1:89.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kafferlandes am östlichen Abhange der Bambusberge." Listed in Honacki et al. (1982) as " Namibia, Orange River, Bambusbergen" [According to US Board of Geographie Names gazetteer, Bamboesberg Mts are in South Africa, at 31°30'S 26°20'E).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Subsaharan Africa, except east coast and SW African deserts, including: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: chobiensis Roberts, 1932; grayii Gerrard, 1862; kivuana Pohle, 1920; matschiei Cabrera, 1903; mutandae Hinton, 1921; nilotica Thomas, 1911.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1921c) and Cabrera (1929) placed maculicollis in the monotypic Hydrictis; however, Ansell (1978) and Harris (1968) considered Hydrictis a subgenus (see comments under Lutra). Van Zyll de Jong (1987) placed as sister groups L. perspicillata and (L. lutra + L. sumatrana). Pohle (1920) placed maculicollis in subgenus Lutra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C308745DFECFFA50FE191D74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C308745DFECCF54AFCA91E45.text	41263629C308745DFECCF54AFCA91E45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutra sumatrana (Gray 1865)	<div><p>Lutra sumatrana (Gray, 1865). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865:123.)</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Sumatra (Raffles); Malacca (B.M.)," restricted by Pocock (1941a) to "Sumatra."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lovii Günther, 1876.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C308745DFECCF54AFCA91E45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF02F541FB611EE7.text	41263629C30B745EFF02F541FB611EE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctonyx collaris F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Arctonyx collaris F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(51), "Bali-saur", 2 pp.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "dans les montagnes qui séparent le Boutan de l'Indoustan."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in China; ranges from Assam (India) and Burma to Indochina, Thailand, Sumatra, and probably Perak in Malaya.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albogularis Blyth, 1853; consul Pocock, 1940; dictator Thomas, 1910; isonyx Horsfield, 1856; leucolaemus Milne-Edwards, 1867; obscurus Milne-Edwards, 1871; taraiyensis Hodgson, 1863; taxoides Blyth, 1853.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF02F541FB611EE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF7FF4A6FC6E1D49.text	41263629C30B745EFF7FF4A6FC6E1D49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctonyx F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Arctonyx F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(51), "Bali-saur", 2 pp.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Arctonyx collaris F. G. Cuvier, 1825.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Trichomanis Hubrecht, 1891.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1940a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF7FF4A6FC6E1D49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF78FD0AFA4315F5.text	41263629C30B745EFF78FD0AFA4315F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutrogale Gray 1865	<div><p>Lutrogale Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865:127.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Not designated.</p> <p>COMMENTS: See comments under Luira. Consideration here as a separate genus is consistent with Pohle (1920), Pocock (1941a), and Van Zyll de Jong (1987).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF78FD0AFA4315F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF0EFDCDFD4A17CB.text	41263629C30B745EFF0EFDCDFD4A17CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lutrogale perspicillata (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1826)	<div><p>Lutrogale perspicillata (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826). In Bory de Saint-Vincent, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris, 9:519.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, and Borneo), Iraq, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ellioti Anderson, 1878; macrodus Gray, 1865; simung Lesson, 1827; sindica Pocock, 1940; tarayensis Hodgson, 1839.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1941a), Davis (1978), and van Zyll de Jong (1972) placed perspicillata in the monotypic Lutrogale, considered a subgenus by Pohle (1920); see comments under Lutra. Van Zyll de Jong's (1987) analysis placed as sister groups L. maculicollis and (L. lutra+L. sumatrana).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF0EFDCDFD4A17CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF7BFAF8F9731C44.text	41263629C30B745EFF7BFAF8F9731C44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melinae Bonaparte 1838	<div><p>Subfamily Melinae Bonaparte, 1838. Nuovi Ann Sci. Nat., 2:111.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Long (1978) and Long and Killingley (1983). Revised by Pocock (1921 b, d, 1941a), Petter (1971), and Wozencraft (1989a), who suggested that this may not be a monophyletic group. Pocock recognized as subfamilies, and Petter as tribes, four groups: (1) Meles, Arctonyx; (2) Melogale; (3) Mydaus; and (4) Taxidea. Pocock (1920b), Long (1981), and Wozencraft (1989b) argued for the separation of Taxidea into a monotypic subfamily, Taxidiinae, which would be consistent with the phylogenetic hypotheses refered to above and which will be followed here. Petter (1971), Radinsky (1973), and Schmidt-Kittler (1981) suggested that Mydaus may be the sister group to Mephitinae. Its placement in this subfamily is provisional.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF7BFAF8F9731C44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF00F8F1FA3B12B8.text	41263629C30B745EFF00F8F1FA3B12B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin 1788)	<div><p>Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788). In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1:93.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in fluviis americae meridionalis"; Cabrera (1958:274) restricted to "rió Sâo Francisco, en la orilla correspondiente al estado de Alagoas ", Brazil.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lupina Thomas, 1889; nitens Olfers, 1818; paraguensis Schinz, 1821; paranensis Rengger, 1830; paroensis Lesson, 1842; sambachii Schinz, 1844; sanbachii Wiegmann, 1838.</p> <p>COMMENTS: See lengthly comments by Harris (1968) concerning the correct identity of the type, the confusion in published synonomies, and the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF00F8F1FA3B12B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30B745EFF7AF82DFA8F109A.text	41263629C30B745EFF7AF82DFA8F109A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteronura Gray 1837	<div><p>Pteronura Gray, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:580.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Pteronura sambachii Gray, 1837 (= Mustela brasilienesis Gmelin, 1788), by monotypy. (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Pterura Wiegmann, 1839; Saricovia Zimmermann, 1777.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30B745EFF7AF82DFA8F109A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFF3CFD0AFBF115AA.text	41263629C30A745FFF3CFD0AFBF115AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meles Boddaert 1785	<div><p>Meles Boddaert, 1785. Elench. Anim., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: [UrsMs] Meles Linnaeus, 1758.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFF3CFD0AFBF115AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFEC2FDA1FC9A111D.text	41263629C30A745FFEC2FDA1FC9A111D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:48.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europa inter rimas rupium et lapidum," restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Upsala " [Sweden].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Scandinavia to S Siberia, south to Israel; Iraq; China, Korea, and Japan; and on Ireland, Britain, Crete, and Rhodes.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aberrans Stroganov, 1962; alba Gmelin, 1788; altaicus Kastschenko, 1901; amurensis Schrenk, 1858; anakuma Temminck, 1844; arcalus Miller, 1907; arenarius Satunin, 1895; blanfordi Matschie, 1902; britannicus Satunin, 1906; canescens Blanford, 1875; caninus Billberg, 1827; caucasicus Ognev, 1926; chinensis Gray, 1868; communis Billberg, 1827; danicus Degerbol, 1933; europaeus Desmarest, 1816; hanensis Matschie, 1907; heptneri Ognev, 1931; leptorhynchus Milne-Edwards, 1867; leucurus Hodgson, 1847; maculata Gmelin, 1788; marianensis Graells, 1897; melanogenys J. A. Allen and Andrews, 1913; minor Satunin, 1905; raddei Kastschenko, 1901; rhodius Festa, 1914; schrenkii Nehring, 1891; severzovi Heptner, 1940; sibiricus Kastschenko, 1900; siningensis Matschie, 1907; talassicus Ognev, 1931; tauricus Ognev, 1926; taxus Boddaert, 1785; tianschanensis Hayninger-Huene, 1910; tsingtanensis Matschie, 1907; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; vulgaris Tiedemann, 1808.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although Ognev (1931) considered leptorhynchus (including amurensis) a distinct species; most have considered meles and leptorhynchus conspecific (Allen, 1938; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Novikov, 1956; Stroganov, 1962; Long and Killingley, 1983). Baryshnikov and Potapova (1990) suggested that M. meles and M. anakuma are not conspecific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFEC2FDA1FC9A111D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFEC4FB28FE1F1C20.text	41263629C30A745FFEC4FB28FE1F1C20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melogale everetti (Thomas 1895)	<div><p>Melogale everetti (Thomas, 1895). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 15:331 -332.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Mount Kina Balu, N. Borneo, about 4000 ft. "</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Medway (1977) included everetti in orientalis; however, see comments under genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFEC4FB28FE1F1C20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFF3EF961FDC712D5.text	41263629C30A745FFF3EF961FDC712D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melogale I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	<div><p>Melogale I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831. In Bélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., 3(Zoologie):129, pl. 5.[issued 13 March 1831].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Helictis Gray, 1831; Nesictis Thomas, 1922.</p> <p>COMMENTS: There is uncertainty as to the the total number of species in this genus. Most recent authors tend to consider everetii and/ or orientalis as conspecific with personata; however, Pocock (1941a), Everts (1968), Long (1978, 1981), and Long and Killingley (1983) supported the recognition of these populations as distinct. As Long and Killingley pointed out, there is no published information to refute Pocock's (1941a) revision.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFF3EF961FDC712D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFEC4F417F9501D66.text	41263629C30A745FFEC4F417F9501D66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melogale moschata (Gray 1831)	<div><p>Melogale moschata (Gray, 1831). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831:94.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " China," restricted by Allen (1929) to "Canton, Kwangtung Province, South China, where the original specimen was secured by John Reeves."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: India (Naga Hills near Manipur, Assam), to Taiwan; Hainan Isl, C and SE China, N Laos, and N Vietnam.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ferreo-griseus Hilzheimer, 1905; millsi Thomas, 1922; modesta Thomas, 1922; sorella G. M. Allen, 1929; subaurantiaca Swinhoe, 1862; taxilla Thomas, 1925.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFEC4F417F9501D66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30A745FFEC7F55FFAFA1EAF.text	41263629C30A745FFEC7F55FFAFA1EAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melogale orientalis (Horsfield 1821)	<div><p>Melogale orientalis (Horsfield, 1821). Zool. Res. Java., plate and 4 pages of text.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "limited...to...south of Mountain Prahu, between the two prinicpal cones of the central part of Java, the Mountain Sumbing, and...Teggal,...Baggulen and Banyumas...to Gowong in the east." [Indonesia, Java].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Java (Indonesia).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: fusca Guerin, 1835; maccourus Temminck, 1824.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30A745FFEC7F55FFAFA1EAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF0CFBDAFC1A1E2D.text	41263629C30D7458FF0CFBDAFC1A1E2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mellivora capensis (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Mellivora capensis (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(18):pl. 125 (1776); text, 3(26):450[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung" [South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Savanna and steppe from Nepal, E India and Turkmenistan west to Lebanon, south of the Mediterranean to South Africa.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana and Botswana).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: abyssinica Hollister, 1910; brockmani Wroughton and Cheesman, 1920; buchanani Thomas, 1925; concisa Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; cottoni Lydekker, 1906; inauritus Hodgson, 1836; indicus Kerr, 1792; leuconota Sclater, 1867; maxwelli Thomas, 1923; mellivorus Cuvier, 1798; pumilio Pocock, 1946; ratei Sparrmann, 1778; ratelus Fraser, 1862; sagulata Hollister, 1910; signata Pocock, 1909; typicus Smith, 1833; vernayi Roberts, 1932; wilsoni Cheesman, 1920.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF0CFBDAFC1A1E2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF79FAC0FBED13E1.text	41263629C30D7458FF79FAC0FBED13E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mellivora Storr 1780	<div><p>Mellivora Storr, 1780. Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 34, Tabi. A.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra Ratei Sparrmann, 1778 (= Viverra capensis Schreber, 1776), by designation (Sclater, 1900); (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Lipotus Sundevall, 1843; Melitoryx Gloger, 1841; Ratellus Gray, 1827; Ratelus Bennett, 1830; Ursitaxus Hodgson, 1835.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF79FAC0FBED13E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF65FA6BFDC212FE.text	41263629C30D7458FF65FA6BFDC212FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mellivorinae Gray 1865	<div><p>Subfamily Mellivorinae Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865:103.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus Mellivora Storr, 1780. Wozencraft (1989b) placed Mellivora in the Mustelinae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF65FA6BFDC212FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF0DFD7EFC1D164B.text	41263629C30D7458FF0DFD7EFC1D164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	<div><p>Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831. In Bélanger (ed.) Voy. Indes Orient., 3(Zoologie):137, pl. 5.[issued 13 March 1831).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "environs de Rangoun " (Burma).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Nepal through India (Assam) and most of Indochina, including peninsular Thailand and Malaysia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: laotum Thomas, 1922; nipalensis Hodgson, 1836; orientalis Blanford, 1888; pierrei Bonhote, 1903; tonquinia Thomas, 1922.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF0DFD7EFC1D164B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF67FEAFF9B21029.text	41263629C30D7458FF67FEAFF9B21029.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mydaus F. G. Cuvier 1821	<div><p>Mydaus F. G. Cuvier, 1821. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2, 3(27), "Telagon", 2 pp.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mydaus meliceps F. G. Cuvier, 1821 (= Mephitis javanensis Desmarest, 1820).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Suillotaxus Lawrence, 1939.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Lawrence (1939) believed that differences in dentition and pelage warranted separation of these taxa into separate, monotypic genera (i.e., Suillotaxus marchei, Mydaus javanensis). These differences parallel those found within the genus Melogale (Long and Killingley, 1983). This genus is provisionally placed in Melinae (see comments therein), its position may be better considered as incertae sedis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF67FEAFF9B21029	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF0CF822FE51113B.text	41263629C30D7458FF0CF822FE51113B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mydaus javanensis (Desmarest 1820)	<div><p>Mydaus javanensis (Desmarest, 1820). Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth., 1:187</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Tile de Java." [Indonesia, Java).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra and the Natuna Isis) and Malaysia (Borneo).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lucifer Thomas, 1902; luciferoides Lönnberg and Mjöberg, 1925; meliceps Cuvier, 1821.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF0CF822FE51113B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7458FF0DF911FAF7120A.text	41263629C30D7458FF0DF911FAF7120A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mydaus marchei (Huet 1887)	<div><p>Mydaus marchei (Huet, 1887). Le Naturaliste, ser. 2, 9(13):149 -151.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: ' Tile Palaouan" [Philippine Islands, Palawan).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Philippine Isis (Palawan and Calamian Isis).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: schadenbergii Jentink, 1895.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Referred to the genus Suillotaxus by Lawrence (1939). Suillotaxus was considered a subgenus of Mydaus by Long (1978, 1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7458FF0DF911FAF7120A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30D7459FF65F6B8F9AB163F.text	41263629C30D7459FF65F6B8F9AB163F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus Gray 1837	<div><p>Conepatus Gray, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:581.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Conepàtus humbóldtii Gray, 1837, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Marputius Gray, 1837; Oryctogale Merriam, 1902; Ozolictis Gloger; Thiosmus Lichtenstein, 1838.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Kipp (1965), who studied an extensive series of southern South American specimens and could not recognize distinctive groups among them based on skull morphology, and only two groups based on pelage coloration.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30D7459FF65F6B8F9AB163F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FEDCFE19FC001038.text	41263629C30C7459FEDCFE19FC001038.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus chinga (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 288.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili," restricted by Cabrera (1958) to "alrededores de Valparaiso." [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Peru, N Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, S Brazil.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ajax Thomas, 1913; arequipae Thomas, 1898; budini Thomas, 1919; calurus Thomas, 1919; chilensis Link, 1795; chinghe Bechstein, 1800; chorensis Thomas, 1902; dimidiata Fischer, 1814; enuchus Thomas, 1927; feuillei Gervais, 1841; furcata Wagner, 1841; gibsoni Thomas, 1910; hunti Thomas, 1903; inca Thomas, 1900; mapurito Tschudi, 1844; mendosus Yepes, 1939; monzoni Aplin, 1894; patnpanus Thomas, 1921; porcinus Thomas, 1902; rex Thomas, 1898; suffocans Burmeister, 1879; vittata Larranaga, 1923.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Kipp (1965) considered rex as conspecific; however, it was listed as separate by Osgood (1943) and Cabrera (1958).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FEDCFE19FC001038	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FEDEF80EFDC01154.text	41263629C30C7459FEDEF80EFDC01154.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus humboldtii Gray 1837	<div><p>Conepatus humboldtii Gray, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:581.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Magellan Straits." [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NE Argentina and Paraguay south to the Straits of Magellan.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix IL</p> <p>SYNONYMS: castaneus d'Orbigny and Gervais, 1847; gaucho Thomas, 1927; patachonica Burmeister, 1859; patagonica Lichtenstein, 1836; proteus Thomas, 1902.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Kipp (1965) considered castaneus as conspecific; Cabrera (1958) considered it separate.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FEDEF80EFDC01154	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FEDEF9ABF9B712A3.text	41263629C30C7459FEDEF9ABF9B712A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus leuconotus (Lichtenstein 1832)	<div><p>Conepatus leuconotus (Lichtenstein, 1832). Darst. Säugeth., text: "Mephitis leuconota" [not paginated], pl. 44. fig. 1.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "oberen Lauf des Rio Alvarado" [Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Alvarado].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Gulf coast of Texas (USA), south along coast to Vera Cruz (Mexico).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: texensis Merriam, 1902.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Maybe only subspecifically distinct from mesoleucus (Hall, 1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FEDEF9ABF9B712A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FED1FA9CFAC21C6B.text	41263629C30C7459FED1FA9CFAC21C6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus mesoleucus (Lichtenstein 1832)	<div><p>Conepatus mesoleucus (Lichtenstein, 1832) Darst. Säugeth., text: "Mephitis mesoleuca" [not paginated] pl. 44, fig. 2.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Gegend von Chico in Mexico " [Mexico, Hidalgo, near El Chico].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Arizona, Colorado, Texas (USA), south to Nicaragua.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate as C. m. telmalestes.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: figginsi Miller, 1925; filipensis Merriam, 1902; fremonti Miller, 1933; mearnsi Merriam, 1902; nelsoni Goldman, 1922; nicaraguae J. A. Allen, 1910; pediculus Merriam, 1902; sonoriensis Merriam, 1902; telmalestes Bailey, 1905; venaticus Goldman, 1922.</p> <p>COMMENTS: May be conspecific with leuconotus (Hall, 1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FED1FA9CFAC21C6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FED0F462FB831DFE.text	41263629C30C7459FED0F462FB831DFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert 1784)	<div><p>Conepatus semistriatus (Boddaert, 1784). Elench. Anim., 1:84.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Mexico "; Cabrera (1958) listed the type locality as "Minas de Montuosa, cerca de Pamplona, departamento del norte de Santander, Colombia ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Veracruz, Tabasco, and Yucatan (Mexico) to Peru and E Brazil.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: amazonica Lichtenstein, 1838; bahiensis Ihering, 1911; chilensis Gray, 1865; compatì Gmelin, 1788; gumillae Lichtenstein, 1836; mapurito Gmelin, 1788; putorius Mutis, 1770; quitensis Humboldt, 1812; taxinus Thomas, 1924; trichurus Thomas, 1905; tropicalis Merriam, 1902; westermanni Reinhardt, 1856; yucatanicus Goldman, 1943; zorilla Fischer, 1829; zorrino Thomas, 1901.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FED0F462FB831DFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30C7459FF0CF5C2FAF01E57.text	41263629C30C7459FF0CF5C2FAF01E57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mephitis E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and G. [Baron] Cuvier 1795	<div><p>Mephitis E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1795. Mag. Encyclop., 2:187.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra mephitis Schreber, 1776.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Chincha Lesson, 1842; Leucomitra Howell, 1901.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30C7459FF0CF5C2FAF01E57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF79F562FACF1E04.text	41263629C30F745AFF79F562FACF1E04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eira C. E. H. Smith 1842	<div><p>Eira C. E. Hamilton], Smith, 1842. Jardine's Natur. Libr., 35:201.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela barbara Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Galera Gray, 1843 (preoccupied by Galera Browne, 1789); Gulo Lichtenstein, 1825; Mustela Schinz, 1821; Tayra Oken, 1816 (invalid, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956b); Viverra Traill, 1821.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF79F562FACF1E04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF0EFD00FD7916A4.text	41263629C30F745AFF0EFD00FD7916A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mephitis macroura Lichtenstein 1832	<div><p>Mephitis macroura Lichtenstein, 1832. Darst. Säugeth., text: "Mephitis macroura," [not paginated], pl. 46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Gebirgs-Gegenden nordwestlich von der Stadt Mexico." [Mexico, mountains NW of Mexico City].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Arizona, S New Mexico, and W Texas (USA), through Mexico to Costa Rica.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: concolor Gray, 1865; edulis Coues, 1877; eximius Hall and Dalquest, 1950; mexicana Gray, 1837; milleri Mearns, 1897; richardsoni Goodwin, 1957; vittata Lichtenstein, 1832.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF0EFD00FD7916A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF0FFE9BF98D10C4.text	41263629C30F745AFF0FFE9BF98D10C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mephitis mephitis (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Mephitis mephitis (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(17):pl. 121 [1776], text, 3(26):444, 588 (index) [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Amerika".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Northwest Territories to Hudson Bay and S Quebec (Canada), south to Florida (USA), N Tamaulipas, N Durango, and N Baja California (Mexico).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: americana Desmarest, 1818; avia Bangs, 1898; bivirgata H[amilton]-Smith, 1842; dentata Brass, 1911; elongata Bangs, 1895; estor Merriam, 1890; fetidissima Boitard, 1842; foetulenta Elliot, 1899; frontata Coues, 1875; holzneri Mearns, 1897; hudsonica Richardson, 1829; major Howell, 1901; mesomelas Lichtenstein, 1832; minnesotoe Brass, 1911; newtonensis Brown, 1908; nigra Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796; notata Howell, 1901; occidentalis Baird, 1858; olida Boitard, 1842; platyrhina Howell, 1901; putida Boitard, 1842; scrutator Bangs, 1896; spissigrada Bangs, 1898; varions Gray, 1837.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Wade-Smith and Verts (1982, Mammalian Species, 173).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF0FFE9BF98D10C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF79F927FC291194.text	41263629C30F745AFF79F927FC291194.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spilogale Gray 1865	<div><p>Spilogale Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865:150.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (= [Viverra] putorius Linnaeus, 1758) by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Van Gelder (1959).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF79F927FC291194	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF0FF9EBFAA61C31.text	41263629C30F745AFF0FF9EBFAA61C31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spilogale putorius (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Spilogale putorius (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:44.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America septentrionali" restricted by Thomas (1911a), to " South Carolina." [USA].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Canada east to Minnesota and S Pennsylvania (USA); south to Costa Rica.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ambigua Mearns, 1897; angustifrons Howell, 1902; bicolor Gray, 1837; gracilis Merriam, 1890; interrupta Rafinesque, 1820; larvatus Hodgson, 1849; leucoparia Merriam, 1890; lucasona Merriam, 1890; microdon Howell, 1906; mupurita Müller, 1776; olimpica Elliot, 1899; phenax Merriam, 1890; putida Cuvier, 1798; quaterlinearis Winans, 1859; ringens Merriams, 1890; saxatalis Merriam, 1890; striata Shaw, 1800; tenuis Howell, 1902; texensis Merriam, 1890; tibetanus Horsfield, 1851; zorilla Schreber, 1776.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Mead (1968) argued that S. p. gracilis and "possibly" leucoparia are reproductively isolated from eastern populations and therefore should be considered distinct species; both were included by Van Gelder (1959).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF0FF9EBFAA61C31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745AFF0FF40AFA041CF6.text	41263629C30F745AFF0FF40AFA041CF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spilogale pygmaea Thomas 1898	<div><p>Spilogale pygmaea Thomas, 1898. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897:898 [1898].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Rosario, Sinaloa, W. Mexico."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa to Oaxaca (Mexico).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Ewer (1973) argued that pygmaea is conspecific with putorius.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745AFF0FF40AFA041CF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30F745BFF0FF67BFAB116F4.text	41263629C30F745BFF0FF67BFAB116F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eira barbara (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Brasilia," restricted by Lönnberg (1913) to " Pernambuco."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Sinaloa and Tamaulipas (Mexico), south to Argentina, including: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Surinam, and Trinidad.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Honduras).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bimaculata Martinez, 1873; biologiae Thomas, 1900; brunnea Thomas, 1907; canescens Lichtenstein, 1825; gulina Schinz, 1821; ilya Hfamilton], Smith, 1842; irara J. A. Allen, 1904; kriegi Krumbiegal, 1942; leira F. Cuvier, 1849; madeirensis Lönnberg, 1913; peruana Nehring, 1886; poliocephalus Traill, 1821; senex Thomas, 1900; senilis J.A. Allen, 1913; sinuensis Humboldt, 1812; tucumana Lönnberg, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Thomas (1900) and Lönnberg (1913).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30F745BFF0FF67BFAB116F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E745BFF36FF37FC6F17FB.text	41263629C30E745BFF36FF37FC6F17FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galictis Bell 1826	<div><p>Galictis Bell, 1826. Zool. J., 2:552.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra vittata Schreber, 1776, by original designation.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Grison Oken, 1816 (invalid, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 19566); Grisonella Thomas, 1912; Grisonia Gray, 1865; Gulo Desmarest, 1820; Mustela Bechstein, 1800.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E745BFF36FF37FC6F17FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E745BFEDCFFD2FD9D114D.text	41263629C30E745BFEDCFFD2FD9D114D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galictis cuja (Molina 1782)	<div><p>Galictis cuja (Molina, 1782). Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, p. 291.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Chili " restricted by Thomas (1912) to "S. Chili (Temuco)"; Cabrera (1958) restricted the locality to "alrededores de Santiago" [Chile]. Honacki et al. (1982) listed the type locality for G. c. furax Thomas, 1912.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albifrons Larranaga, 1923; barbara Hudson, 1903; brasiliensis D'Orbigny, 1838; chilensis Ihering, 1886; furax Thomas, 1907; huronax Thomas, 1921; luteolus Thomas, 1907; melinus Thomas, 1912; quiqui Molina, 1782; ratellina Thomas, 1921; shiptoni Thomas, 1926.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E745BFEDCFFD2FD9D114D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E745BFEDCF944FB641334.text	41263629C30E745BFEDCF944FB641334.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galictis vittata (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Galictis vittata (Schreber, 1776). Säugethiere, 3(18):pl. 124[1776], text, 3(26):418, 447[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Surinam ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: San Luis Potosi and Veracruz (Mexico) to Peru and S Brazil, at lower elevations, including: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, and Venezuela.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Costa Rica).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: allamandi Bell, 1841; andina Thomas, 1903; brasiliensis Thunberg, 1820; canaster Nelson, 1901; crassidens Nehring, 1885; gujanensis Bechstein, 1800; intermedia Lund, 1845.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Krumbiegel (1942) included allamandi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E745BFEDCF944FB641334	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E745BFEDCF410FCE31E66.text	41263629C30E745BFEDCF410FCE31E66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gulo gulo (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "alpibus Lapponiae, Ruffiae, Sibiriae, sylvis vastissimis", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Lapland".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic taiga and S tundra, south to 50°N (Eurasia) and 37°N (North America).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arcticus Desmarest, 1820; arctos Kaup, 1829; auduboni Matschie, 1918; bairdi Matschie, 1918; biedermanni Matschie, 1918; borealis Nilsson, 1820; hylaeus Elliot, 1905; kamtschaticus Dybowsky, 1922; katschenakensis Matschie, 1918; luscus Linnaeus, 1758; luteus Elliot, 1904; niediecki Matschie, 1918; sibirica Pallas, 1780; vancouverensis Goldman, 1935; vulgaris Oken, 1816; wachei Matschie, 1918.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Degerbol (1935) and Kurtén and Rausch (1959) demonstrated that gulo and luscus are conspecific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E745BFEDCF410FCE31E66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E745BFF36FB75FA3E1C39.text	41263629C30E745BFF36FB75FA3E1C39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gulo Pallas 1780	<div><p>Gulo Pallas, 1780. Spicil. Zool., 14:25.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Gulo sibiricus Pallas, 1780 (= [Mustela] gulo Linnaeus, 1758), by absolute tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Corbet (1978c) attributed Gulo to Storr, 1780. Gulo Frisch, 1775, is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 19546).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E745BFF36FB75FA3E1C39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C30E7454FF08F648FE321738.text	41263629C30E7454FF08F648FE321738.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ictonyx Kaup 1835	<div><p>Ictonyx Kaup, 1835. Das Thierreich in Seinen Hauptformen, 1:352.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ictonyx capensis Kaup, 1835 (= Bradypus striatus Perry, 1810) (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Ictidonyx Agassiz, 1846; Ictomys Roberts, 1936; Poecilictis Thomas and Hinton, 1920; Rhabdogale Wiegmann, 1838; Zorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826.</p> <p>COMMENTS: There is considerable controversy over the correct name for this genus (Herschkovitz, 1955b; Van Gelder, 1966). Zorilla Oken, 1816, is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956b). Zorilla Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826, was suppressed under the plenary powers for the purposes of the Principle of Priority (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1967). Rosevear (1974) strongly suggested, and Dekeyser (1955) and Niethammer (1987a) argued that Poecilictis Thomas and Hinton, 1920, and Ictonyx are congeneric. The principal skull features used to erect the new genus by Thomas and Hinton (1920) could not be supported when a more extensive series of specimens was measured (Rosevear, 1974).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C30E7454FF08F648FE321738	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF39FF0EFA35107D.text	41263629C3017454FF39FF0EFA35107D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ictonyx libyca (Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833)	<div><p>Ictonyx libyca (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833). Symb. Phys. Mamm., vol. 1, pt. 2, sig. K, verso.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Libyae" [Libya].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Fringes of the Sahara Desert from Morocco and Egypt on the north, and from Mauretania and N Nigeria to Sudan on the south.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: frenata Sundevall, 1843; multivittata Wagner, 1841; oralis Thomas and Hinton, 1920; rothschildi Thomas and Hinton, 1920; vaillantii Loche, 1856.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF39FF0EFA35107D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF38F856F92F129F.text	41263629C3017454FF38F856F92F129F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ictonyx striatus (Perry 1810)	<div><p>Ictonyx striatus (Perry, 1810). Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist., Signature Y, Fig. [41] [1810].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "South America". This is clearly in error and Hollister (1915) fixed the type locality as " Cape of Good Hope". [South Africa].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to SE Egypt and Ethiopia, south to South Africa, including: Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: africana Lichtenstein, 1838; albescens Heller, 1913; arenarius Roberts, 1924; capensis A. Smith, 1826; elgonis Granvik, 1924; erythraea de Winton, 1898; ghansiensis Roberts, 1932; giganteus Roberts, 1932; intermedia Anderson and de Winton, 1902; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; lancasteri Roberts, 1932; limpopoensis Roberts, 1917; maximus Roberts, 1924; mustelina Wagner, 1841; nigricaudus Roberts, 1932; orangiae Roberts, 1924; ovamboensis Roberts, 1951; pondoensis Roberts, 1924; pretoriae Roberts, 1924; senegalensis Fischer, 1829; shoae Thomas, 1906; shortridgei Roberts, 1932; sudanicus Thomas and Hinton, 1923; variegata Lesson, 1842; zorilla Smuts, 1832.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF38F856F92F129F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF12FAE2FBA91301.text	41263629C3017454FF12FAE2FBA91301.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyncodon Gervais 1845	<div><p>Lyncodon Gervais, 1845. In d'Orbigny, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., 4:685.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela patagonica Blainville, 1842.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF12FAE2FBA91301	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF38FB79F8EF13C2.text	41263629C3017454FF38FB79F8EF13C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyncodon patagonicus (de Blainville 1842)	<div><p>Lyncodon patagonicus (de Blainville, 1842). Osteogr. Mamm., pt. 10 (Viverra):l.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Listed in Cabrera (1958) as "cercanias del rio Negro." [Argentina].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina and S Chile.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: anticola Burmeister, 1869; lujanensis Ameghino, 1889; quiqui Burmeister, 1861.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF38FB79F8EF13C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF3BF4E8FA061EE6.text	41263629C3017454FF3BF4E8FA061EE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes americana (Turton 1806)	<div><p>Martes americana (Turton, 1806). In Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat., 1:60.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "North America".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Alaska and Canada south to N California, south in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mtns to 35°N.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: abieticola Preble, 1902; abietinoides Gray, 1865; actuosa Osgood, 1900; atrata Bangs, 1897; boria Elliot, 1905; brumalis Bangs, 1898; caurina Merriam, 1890; humboldtensis Grinnell and Dixon, 1926; huro F. Cuvier, 1823; kenaiensis Elliot, 1903; leucopus Kuhl, 1820; martinus Ames, 1874; nesophila Osgood, 1901; origenes Rhoads, 1902; sierrae Grinnell and Storer, 1916; vancouverensis Grinnell and Dixon, 1926; vulpina Rafinesque, 1819.</p> <p>COMMENTS: May be conspecific with martes, melampus, and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). See Clark et al. (1987, Mammalian Species, 289).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF3BF4E8FA061EE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3017454FF14F424FC421C90.text	41263629C3017454FF14F424FC421C90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes Pinel 1792	<div><p>Martes Pinel, 1792. Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:55.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Martes domestica Pinel, 1792 (= Mustela foina Erxleben, 1777).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Charronia Gray, 1865; Lamprogale Ognev, 1928; Mustela Blasius, 1857; Pekania Gray, 1865; Zibellino Kaup, 1829.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3017454FF14F424FC421C90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FEC8FD1EF9B916C0.text	41263629C3007455FEC8FD1EF9B916C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes flavigula (Boddaert 1785)	<div><p>Martes flavigula (Boddaert, 1785). Elench. Anim., 1:88.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given; fixed by Pocock (1941a) as " Nepal ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Primorski Krai (Russia); Korea; China, west along Himalayan foothills to NW Pakistan; isolates in S India, SE Asia, Taiwan, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India); U.S. ESA - Endangered as M. f. chrysospila; IUCN - Indeterminate as M. f. chrysospila.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aterrima Pallas, 1811; chrysogaster Hamilton-Smith, 1842; chrysospila Swinhoe, 1866; guadricolor Shaw, 1800; hardwickei Horsfield, 1828; henricii Westermann, 1851; indochinensis Kloss, 1916; lasiotis Gray, 1850; leucocephalus Gray, 1865; leucotis Bechstein, 1800; melina Kerr, 1792; melli Matschie, 1922; peninsularis Bonhote, 1901; quadricolor Shaw, 1800; typica Bonhote, 1901; yuenshanensis Shih, 1930.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FEC8FD1EF9B916C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FECAFF39FE121057.text	41263629C3007455FECAFF39FE121057.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes foina (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regni Anim., 1:458.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europa inque Persia ", listed by Miller (19126) as " Germany."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: From Spain to S and C Europe, through Caucasus Mtns, to the Altai (Russia, Kazakhstan), Mongolia, and Himalayas; adjacent China; islands of Corfu, Crete and Rhodes.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India) as M. f. intermedia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: domestica Pinel, 1792; intermedia Severtzov, 1873; leucolachnaea Blanford, 1879; mediterranea Barrett-Hamilton, 1898; rosanowi Martino, 1917; toufoeus Wroughton, 1919.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FECAFF39FE121057	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FECDF8ACFB7A119A.text	41263629C3007455FECDF8ACFB7A119A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield 1851	<div><p>Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield, 1851. Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p. 90.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Madras" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S India.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India); IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Included in Martes flavigula by Honacki et al. (1982) and Corbet (1978c); however, separated by Bonhote (19016), Pocock (1936a, 1941a), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Anderson (1970).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FECDF8ACFB7A119A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FECCF9F1FD5F1336.text	41263629C3007455FECCF9F1FD5F1336.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes martes (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "sylvis antiquis", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Upsala " [Sweden].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Britain and Ireland; N and W Europe to W Siberia, south to Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Elburz Mtns (Iran), and the Caucasus Mtns.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: abietum Gray, 1865; henricii Westermann, 1851; sylvatica Nilsson, 1820; sylvestris Oken, 1816; vulgaris Griffith, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: May be conspecific with americana, melampus, and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FECCF9F1FD5F1336	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FECCFB0DFCE51C51.text	41263629C3007455FECCFB0DFCE51C51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes melampus (Wagner 1841)	<div><p>Martes melampus (Wagner, 1841). In Schreber, Die Säugethiere., Suppl., 2:229.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Japan ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tsushima, introduced on Sado Isl); Korea.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate as M. m. tsuensis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: japonica Gray, 1865; melanopus Gray, 1865.</p> <p>COMMENTS: May be conspecific with americana, martes and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Heptner and Naumov (1967) included Japanese and Korean melampus in zibellina.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FECCFB0DFCE51C51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007455FECCF4A8FA7E1E25.text	41263629C3007455FECCF4A8FA7E1E25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes pennanti (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>Martes pennanti (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regni Anim., 1:470.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in America boreali, vulgaris victitans quadrupedibus minoribus." Listed by Miller and Rehm (1901) as "Eastern Canada."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Yukon to E Quebec (Canada), NW USA, Sierra Nevadas, N Rocky Mtns, Great Lakes Region, New England, to North Carolina (USA).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: canadensis Schreber, 1778; Columbiana Goldman, 1935; melanorhyncha Boddaert, 1784; nigra Turton, 1802; pacifica Rhoads, 1898; piscator Shaw, 1800; varietas Richardson, 1829.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Powell (1981, Mammalian Species, 156).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007455FECCF4A8FA7E1E25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3007456FECFF61CFBB4166F.text	41263629C3007456FECFF61CFBB4166F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Martes zibellina (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Martes zibellina (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "asia septentrionali," restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "N. Asia." Restricted by Ognev (1935) to "Tobol'skuyu gub. v ee severnoi chasti" ["northern part of Tobol'sk Province" (1962c translation)] [Russia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Ural Mtns to Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin (Russia); Mongolia; Sinkiang and NE China; N Korea; Hokkaido (Japan); originally west to N Scandanavia and W Poland.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: brachyura Temminck, 1844.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Pavlinin (1966). May be conspecific with americana, martes, and melampus (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Heptner and Naumov (1967) included Japanese and Korean melampus in zibellina.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3007456FECFF61CFBB4166F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3037456FF25F81CFC1E1140.text	41263629C3037456FF25F81CFC1E1140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela africana Desmarest 1818	<div><p>Mustela africana Desmarest, 1818. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed., 9:376.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa", type locality is in error, fixed by Cabrera (1958) as "arrabales de Belem, la antigua Parâ." [Brazil]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Amazon Basin in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: paraensis Goeldi, 1897; stolzmanni Taczanowski, 1881.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed africana in subgenus Grammogale. Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that africana and felipei form a monophyletic group. Cabrera (1958) considered Grammogale a valid genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3037456FF25F81CFC1E1140	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3037456FF25F9B7FB1812D3.text	41263629C3037456FF25F9B7FB1812D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela altaica Pallas 1811	<div><p>Mustela altaica Pallas, 1811. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1:98.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "qui alpes altaicas adibunt" [Altai Mtns].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: E Kazakhstan, S and SE Siberia, Primorski Krai (Russia); Mongolia; Tibet, W and N China; Korea.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alpina Gebier, 1823; astutus Milne-Edwards, 1870; birulai Ognev, 1928; longstaffi Wroughton, 1911; raddei Ognev, 1928; sacana Thomas, 1914; temon Hodgson, 1857.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed altaica in the subgenus Mustela; however, Ognev (1935) considered sibirica and altaica closely related.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3037456FF25F9B7FB1812D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3037456FF24FB29FA5B1EAD.text	41263629C3037456FF24FB29FA5B1EAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela erminea Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Mustela erminea Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Europa and Asia frigidiore; hyeme praefertim in alpinis regionibus nivea".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumboreal, tundra and forested regions of Palearctic, south to the Pyrenees, alpine Slovenia, Alps, Caucasus, W Himalayas, and Xinjiang (China); N Mongolia, N China; and C Honshu (Japan); and, in the Nearctic south to C California, N New Mexico, N Iowa and Maryland (USA). Introduced to New Zealand.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alascensis Merriam, 1896; algiricus Thomas, 1895; anguinae Hall, 1932; angustidens Brown, 1908; arcticus Merriam, 1896; audax Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; bangsi Hall, 1945; celenda Hall, 1944; cigognanii Bonaparte, 1838; fallendo Hall, 1945; ferghanae Thomas, 1895; gulosa Hall, 1945; haidarum Preble, 1898; herminea Oken, 1816; hibernicus Thomas and Barrett-Hamilton, 1895; imperii Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; initis Hall, 1944; invicta Hall, 1945; kadiacensis Merriam, 1896; kanei G. M. Allen, 1914; labiata Degerbol, 1935; leptus Merriam, 1903; lymani Hollister, 1912; microtis J. A. Allen, 1903; mortigena Bangs, 1913; muricus Bangs, 1899; nippon Cabrera, 1913; olympica Hall, 1945; polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; pusilla DeKay, 1842; richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838; rixosa Svihla and Svihla, 1932; salva Hall, 1944; seclusa Hall, 1944; semplei Sutton and Hamilton, 1932; streatori Merriam, 1896; vulgaris Griffith, 1827; whiteheadi Wroughton, 1908.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Eger (1990). Reviewed by C. M. King (1983, Mammalian Species, 195). Youngman (1982) placed erminea in the subgenus Mustela.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3037456FF24FB29FA5B1EAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3037456FF1FFE52F8D51025.text	41263629C3037456FF1FFE52F8D51025.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Mustela Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: [Mwste/«] Putorius Linnaeus, 1758.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Grammogale Cabrera, 1940; Lutreola Wagner, 1841; Putorius Cuvier, 1817; Vison Gray, 1843.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Hall (1951) and Youngman (1982). Youngman (1982) recognized 5 subgenera: Putorius (putorius, eversmannii, nigripes); Lutreola (lutreola, sibirica, nudipes, lutreolina, and perhaps strigidorsa); Mustela (erminea, nivalis, altaica, frenata); Vison (vison); and Grammogaie (africana, felipei). Some have chosen to elevate these groupings to generic status; because of the lack of any comprehensive phylogenetic approach to this problem, they are provisionally recognized here as valid subgenera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3037456FF1FFE52F8D51025	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3027457FECDFD1EFD4A1749.text	41263629C3027457FECDFD1EFD4A1749.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela eversmannii Lesson 1827	<div><p>Mustela eversmannii Lesson, 1827. Manuel de Mammalogie, p. 144.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "trouvé...entre Orembourg et Bukkara," restricted by Stroganov (1962:338) to "basseinu sredneyo techeniya r. Ileka,...r. Bol'shoi Khobdy" [Russia, Orenburg Obi., S of Orenburg, mouth of Khobda River, a tributary of Ilek River.]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and subdeserts of E Europe, and republics of the former USSR; Mongolia; W, C and NE China.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: larvatus Hodgson, 1849; lineiventer Hollister, 1913; tiarata Hollister, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rostro (1948), Heptner (in Heptner and Naumov, 1967), and Anderson (1977). Youngman (1982) placed eversmannii in the subgenus Putorius. Anderson (1977) and Kurtén and Anderson (1980) suggested that nigripes and eversmannii may be conspecific. Pocock (1936b) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) considered eversmannii and putorius conspecific; however, Ognev (1931), Stroganov (1962), and Heptner (in Heptner and Naumov, 1967), recognized them as distinct species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3027457FECDFD1EFD4A1749	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3027457FECCFF41F93C1058.text	41263629C3027457FECCFF41F93C1058.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela felipei Izor and de la Torre 1978	<div><p>Mustela felipei Izor and de la Torre, 1978. J. Mammal., 59:92.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Santa Marta, elevation 2,700 m, near San Agustin, Huila, Colombia ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: The type locality and Cauca, Colombia (two localities separated by 70 km, on opposite sides of Cordillera Central.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that africana and felipei form a monophyletic group. Youngman (1982) placed felipei in subgenus Grammogale.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3027457FECCFF41F93C1058	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3027457FECCF8B0FA3813FC.text	41263629C3027457FECCF8B0FA3813FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela frenata Lichtenstein 1831	<div><p>Mustela frenata Lichtenstein, 1831. Darst. Säugeth., text:"Das gezäumte Wiesel" [not paginated], and plate 42.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "der Nähe von Mexico ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Canada to Venezuela and Bolivia, excluding the SW deserts of the USA.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aequatorialis Coues, 1877; affinis Gray, 1874; agilis Tschudi, 1844; alleni Merriam, 1896; altifrontalis Hall, 1936; arizonensis Mearns, 1891; arthuri Hall, 1927; aureoventris Gray, 1864; boliviensis Hall, 1938; brasiliensis Sevastianoff, 1813; cicognanii Henninger, 1921; costaricensis Goldman, 1912; effera Hall, 1936; fusca DeKay, 1842; goldmani Merriam, 1896; gracilis Brown, 1908; helleri Hall, 1935; inyoensis Hall, 1936; jelskii Taczanowski, 1881; latirostra Hall, 1936; leucoparia Merriam, 1896; longicauda Bonaparte, 1838; macrophonius Elliot, 1905; macrura Taczanowski, 1874; meridana Hollister, 1914; mexicanus Coues, 1877; munda Grinnell, 1933; mundus Bangs, 1899; neomexicanus Barber and Cockerell, 1898; nevadensis Hall, 1936; nicaraguae Allen, 1916; nigriauris Hall, 1936; notius Bangs, 1899; noveboracensis Emmons, 1840; occisor Bangs, 1899; olivacea Howell, 1913; oregonensis Merriam, 1896; oribasus Bangs, 1899; panamensis Hall, 1932; peninsulae Rhoads, 1894; perdus Merriam, 1902; perotae Hall, 1936; primulina Jackson, 1913; pulchra Hall, 1936; richardsonii Baird, 1858; saturatus Merriam, 1896; spadix Bangs, 1896; texensis Hall, 1936; tropicalis Merriam, 1896; washingtoni Merriam, 1896; xanthogenys Gray, 1843.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed frenata in the subgenus Mustela.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3027457FECCF8B0FA3813FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3027457FECEFBD4FC7F1D25.text	41263629C3027457FECEFBD4FC7F1D25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela kathiah Hodgson 1835	<div><p>Mustela kathiah Hodgson, 1835. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 4:702.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kachar region" [Nepal].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas from N Pakistan through Nepal to Burma; S and E China; Indochinese Peninsula.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: auriventer Hodgson, 1837; caporiaccoi de Beaux, 1935; dorsalis Trouessart, 1895; tsaidamensis Hilzheimer, 1910;</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3027457FECEFBD4FC7F1D25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3027450FECEF51CF99615C3.text	41263629C3027450FECEF51CF99615C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus 1761)	<div><p>Mustela lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761). Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed., p. 5.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Finlandiae aquolis", restricted by Matschie (1912) to "Südwest-Finnland."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NE Spain, France; throughout Europe to the Irtysh and Ob Rivers (Russia, Kazakhstan).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alba de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; albica Matschie, 1912; alpinus Ogérien, 1863; armorica Matschie, 1912; biedermanni Matschie, 1912; binominata Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; borealis Novikov, 1939; budina Matschie, 1912; caucasico Novikovi, 1939; cylipena Matschie, 1912; europeae Homeyer, 1879; fulva Kerr, 1792; glogeri Matschie, 1912; hungarica Ehik, 1932; minor Erxleben, 1977; novikovi Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; taivana Thomas, 1913; transsylvanica Ehik, 1932; turovi Kuznetzov and Novikov, 1939; varino Matschie, 1912; wyborgensis Matschie, 1912.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed lutreola in subgenus Lutreola. Revised by Matschie (1912), Novikov (1939), and Youngman (1982; 1990, Mammalian Species, 362). Occasional hybrids occur between lutreola and putorius (Youngman, 1982).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3027450FECEF51CF99615C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3057450FF38FE3BF99A1758.text	41263629C3057450FF38FE3BF99A1758.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela lutreolina Robinson and Thomas 1917	<div><p>Mustela lutreolina Robinson and Thomas, 1917. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 20:261 -262.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Tjibodas, West Java, 5500'"; identified by Van Bree and Boeadi (1978) as " 6°44'S 107°00'E ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Java, Sumatra).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Van Bree and Boeadi (1978). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) implied, and Novikov (1956) and Corbet (1978c) believed lutreolina and sibirica conspecific; however this has not been supported by primary studies (Van Bree and Boeadi, 1978). Youngman (1982) placed lutreolina in the subgenus Lutreola.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3057450FF38FE3BF99A1758	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3057450FF3BFFAFFDD51176.text	41263629C3057450FF3BFFAFFDD51176.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman 1851)	<div><p>Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851). Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, 2:297.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "lower waters of the Platte River", restricted by Hayden (1863: 138) to "Fort Laramie" [Wyoming, USA].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, S Alberta and Saskatchewan (Canada) south to Arizona, Oklahoma, and NW Texas (USA). Viable populations now only in captivity.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Hillman and Clark (1980, Mammalian Species, 126) and Anderson (1977). Youngman (1982) placed nigripes in the subgenus Putorius. Anderson (1977) and Kurtén and Anderson (1980) suggested that nigripes and eversmannii may be conspecific.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3057450FF3BFFAFFDD51176	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3057450FF3BF94EFD061CF0.text	41263629C3057450FF3BF94EFD061CF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766	<div><p>Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766. Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1:69.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Westrobothnia " [Sweden].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: The Palearctic (excl. Ireland, the Arabian Peninsula, and Arctic Isis); Japan; the Nearctic in Alaska (USA), Canada, and USA, south to Wyoming and North Carolina. Introduced to New Zealand; see Corbet and Hill (1980).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: africana Gray, 1865; albipes Mina Palumbo, 1868; allegheniensis Rhoads, 1901; alpinus Burg, 1920; atlas Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; boccamela Bechstein, 1800; campestris Jackson, 1913; caraftensis Kishida, 1936; caucasicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; corsicanus Cavazza, 1908; dinniki Satunin, 1907; dombrowskii Matschie, 1901; eskimo Stone, 1900; fulva Mina Palumbo, 1868; gale Pallas, 1811; galinthias Bate, 1906; italicus BarrettHamilton, 1900; kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; major Fatio, 1905; meridionalis Costa, 1869; minor Nilsson, 1820; minutus Pomel, 1853; monticola Cavazza, 1908; mosanensis Mori, 1927; namiyei Kuroda, 1921; nikolskii Smirnov, 1899; numidicus Pucheran, 1855; pallidus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; punctata Domaniewski, 1926; pusillus Fatio, 1869; pygmaeus J. A. Allen, 1903; rixosus Bangs, 1896; russelliana Thomas, 1911; siculus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; stoliczkana Blanford, 1877; subpalmata Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; tonkinensis Björkegren, 1942; trettaui Kleinschmidt, 1937; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; vulgaris Erxleben, 1777; yesoidsuna Kishida, 1936.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Reichstein (1957) and van Zyll de Jong (1992), who considered Putorius rixosus and Mustela nivalis conspecific. Youngman (1982) placed nivalis in the subgenus Mustela.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3057450FF3BF94EFD061CF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3057450FF3AF4C8FB741E37.text	41263629C3057450FF3AF4C8FB741E37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela nudipes Desmarest 1822	<div><p>Mustela nudipes Desmarest, 1822. Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth., 2(Suppl.):537.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "L'lle de Java ". Locality is in error, fixed by Robinson and Kloss (1919b) as " West Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: leucocephalus Gray, 1865.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1941a) believed strigidorsa and nudipes to be closely related. Youngman (1982) placed nudipes in the subgenus Lutreola.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3057450FF3AF4C8FB741E37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3057451FF3BF60DFDF61716.text	41263629C3057451FF3BF60DFDF61716.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela putorius Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "inter Europae rupes et lapidum acervos", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Scania, S. Sweden."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Europe (excluding Ireland and most of Scandinavia), east to the Ural Mtns.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ambigua Mearns, 1897; angustifrons Howell, 1902; bicolor Gray, 1837; gracilis Merriam, 1890; interrupta Rafinesque, 1820; larvatus Hodgson, 1849; leucoparia Merriam, 1890; lucasona Merriam, 1890; microdon Howell, 1906; mupurita Müller, 1776; olimpica Elliot, 1899; phenax Merriam, 1890; putida Cuvier, 1798; quaterlinearis Winans, 1859; ringens Merriams, 1890; saxatalis Merriam, 1890; striata Shaw, 1800; tenuis Howell, 1902; texensis Merriam, 1890; tibetanus Horsfield, 1851; zorilla Schreber, 1776.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Heptner (in Heptner and Naumov, 1967). Probable ancestor of domestic ferret, furo (Rempe, 1970; Volobuev, 1971). Youngman (1982) placed putorius in the subgenus Putorius. Pocock (19366) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) considered eversmannii and putorius conspecific; however, Ognev (1931), Stroganov (1962), and Heptner (in Heptner and Naumov, 1967), recognized them as distinct species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3057451FF3BF60DFDF61716	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3047451FEC7FF6EFD6112C8.text	41263629C3047451FEC7FF6EFD6112C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela sibirica Pallas 1773	<div><p>Mustela sibirica Pallas, 1773. Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs., 2:701.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Sibiriae montanis, sylvis densissimis", restricted by Pocock (1941a) to "Vorposten Tigerazkoi, near Usstkomengorsk, W. Altai," based on Pallas (1773:570). Listed in Honaki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., E. Kazakhstan, vic. of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Tigeretskoie."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Russia (Tataria, Dalnevostochny Rayon), Ural Mtns, Siberia; Pakistan east to N Burma; N Thailand; Taiwan; China; Korea; Japan; introduced to Sakhalin, Russia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: asaii Kuroda, 1943; australis Satunin, 1911; canigula Hodgson, 1842; charbinensis Lowkashkin, 1934; coreanus Domaniewski, 1926; davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1872; fontainierii Milne-Edwards, 1871; hamptoni Thomas, 1921; hodgsoni Gray, 1843; horsfieldii Blyth, 1843; humeralis Blyth, 1842; itatsi Temminck, 1844; katsurai Kishida, 1931; major Hilzheimer, 1910; manchurica Brass, 1911; melli Matschie, 1922; miles Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1868; natsi Temminck, 1844; noctis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; peninsulae Kishida, 1931; quelpartis Thomas, 1908; sho Kuroda, 1924; sibirica Pallas, 1773; stegmanni Matschie, 1907; subhemachalanus Hodgson, 1837; tafeli Hilzheimer, 1910; taivana Thomas, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) placed sibirica in the subgenus Lutreola. Ognev (1935) considered altaica and sibirica closely related. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) implied, and Novikov (1956) and Corbet (1978c) believed lutreolina and sibirica conspecific; however this has not been supported by primary studies (Van Bree and Boeadi, 1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3047451FEC7FF6EFD6112C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3047451FEC6FAC0F8E513D7.text	41263629C3047451FEC6FAC0F8E513D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela strigidorsa Gray 1855	<div><p>Mustela strigidorsa Gray, 1855. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853:191 [1855].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Gray (1853) based the type description on a manuscript given to him by Hodgson. Horsfield (1855) later fixed the type locality as, "the Sikim Hills of Tarai." [India, Sikkim].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Nepal east through Burma, Yunnan (China) and Thailand to Laos.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Youngman (1982) suggested that strigidorsa belonged in subgenus Lutreola.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3047451FEC6FAC0F8E513D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3047452FEC6F430FC341548.text	41263629C3047452FEC6F430FC341548.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mustela vison Schreber 1777	<div><p>Mustela vison Schreber, 1777. Die Säugethiere, 3(19):pl. 127,B[1777); text, 3(26):463[1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Man findet das Vison in Canada un Pensilvanien".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: North America from Alaska and Canada through all of USA except SW deserts. Introduced to Iceland, NC Europe, British Isis, Norway, Belarussia, Baltic States, Spain, and Siberia.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antiquus Loomis, 1911; borealis Brass, 1911; energumenos Bangs, 1896; evagor Hall, 1932; evergladensis Hamilton, 1948; ingens Osgood, 1900; lacustris Preble, 1902; letifera Hollister, 1915; lowii Anderson, 1945; lutensis Bangs, 1898; lutreocephala Harlan, 1825; macrodon Prentiss, 1903; melampeplus Elliot, 1903; mink Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796; minx Turton, 1800; nesolestes Heller, 1909; nigrescens Audubon and Bachman, 1854; rufa Smith, 1858; vulgivagus Bangs, 1895; winingus Baird, 1857.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Manville (1966) demonstrated that macrodon is conspecific, although Kurtén and Anderson (1980) recognized it as a distinct species. Hall (1951), Heptner and Yurgenson (1967), and Hollister (1913a) considered vison closely related to lutreola, however analyses by Graphodatskii et al. (1976) and Youngman (1982) supported vison to be one of the earliest offshoots of the Mustela lineage. Youngman (1982) placed vison in the subgenus Vison.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3047452FEC6F430FC341548	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF06F50BF9A11E02.text	41263629C3077452FF06F50BF9A11E02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odobenidae Allen 1880	<div><p>Family Odobenidae Allen, 1880. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territ, 12:ix, 5.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Trichecidae Gray, 1821 and Rosmaridae Gill, 1866 are invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1959). Considered as a subfamily of Otariidae by Mitchell and Tedford (1973), Tedford (1976), Hall (1981), Berta and Deméré (1986), Barnes (1989), and Wozencraft (1989a, b); however, Wyss (1987) and Berta (1991) contended that this would make the otariids paraphyletic.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF06F50BF9A11E02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF2CFDC3F8E316DC.text	41263629C3077452FF2CFDC3F8E316DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilogale albinucha (Gray 1864)	<div><p>Poecilogale albinucha (Gray, 1864). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:69, plate X.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "it was without any habitat". Fixed by Coetzee (19776) as " Cape Colony".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: africana Peters, 1865; bechuanae Roberts, 1931; doggetti Thomas and Schwann, 1904; flavistriata Bocage, 1865; lebombo Roberts, 1931; transvaalensis Roberts, 1926.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF2CFDC3F8E316DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF19FDABF94A15CB.text	41263629C3077452FF19FDABF94A15CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poecilogale Thomas 1883	<div><p>Poecilogale Thomas, 1883. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 11:370.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Zorilla albinucha Gray, 1864, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF19FDABF94A15CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF2CFA84FA501D29.text	41263629C3077452FF2CFA84FA501D29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taxidea taxus (Schreber 1777)	<div><p>Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777). Säugethiere, 3(26):pl. 142[1778], text, 3(26):520 [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Er wohnt in Labrador und um die Hudsonsbay," restricted by Long (1972), to "Carman, Manitoba." [Canada].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Canada, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatschewan, Manitoba, Ontario, to Baja California and Puebla (Mexico), east to Lake Ontario.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: americanus Boddaert, 1784; apache Schantz, 1948; berlandieri Baird, 1858; californica Gray, 1865; dacotensis Schantz, 1946; halli Schantz, 1951; hallorani Schantz, 1949; infusca Thomas, 1898; iowae Schantz, 1947; jacksoni Schantz, 1945; jeffersonii Harlan, 1825; kansensis Schantz, 1950; labradorius Gmelin, 1788; littoralis Schantz, 1949; marylandica Gidley and Gaxin, 1933; merriami Schantz, 1950; montanus Richardson, 1829; neglecta Mearns, 1891; nevadensis Schantz, 1949; obscurata de Beaux, 1924; papagoensis Skinner, 1943; phippsi Figgins, 1918; robusta Hay, 1921; sonoriensis Goldman, 1939; sulcata Cope, 1878.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Long (1972; 1973, Mammalian Species, 26).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF2CFA84FA501D29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF06F9C0FD0A128B.text	41263629C3077452FF06F9C0FD0A128B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taxidea Waterhouse 1839	<div><p>Taxidea Waterhouse, 1839. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838: 154 [1839].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ursus Meles labradorius Gmelin, 1788 (= Ursus taxus Schreber, 1777), by original designation. (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Taxus Say, 1823.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF06F9C0FD0A128B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF07F969FA6A11FB.text	41263629C3077452FF07F969FA6A11FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taxidiinae Pocock 1920	<div><p>Subfamily Taxidiinae Pocock, 1920. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1920:424.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Taxidea Waterhouse (1838). See comments under Melinae for rationale in separating this taxon from old world "badgers."</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF07F969FA6A11FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF04FF1EFB4F17B4.text	41263629C3077452FF04FF1EFB4F17B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vormela Blasius 1884	<div><p>Vormela Blasius, 1884. Ber. Naturforsch Ges. Bemberg, 13:9.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Mustela sarmatica Pallas, 1771 (= Mustela peregusna Güldenstädt, 1770), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF04FF1EFB4F17B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077452FF2AFF8BFB411107.text	41263629C3077452FF2AFF8BFB411107.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vormela peregusna (Guldenstadt 1770)	<div><p>Vormela peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1770). Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petropoli, 14(1):441.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "habitat in campis apricis desertis Tanaicensibus". Listed in Honacki et al. (1982) as " U.S. S. R., Rostov Obi., steppes at lower Don River."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Steppes and deserts of SE Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia; SW Asia (excl. Arabia); N China and S Mongolia.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alpherakii Birula, 1910; euxina Pocock, 1936; koshewnikowi Satunin, 1910; negans Miller, 1910; ornata Pocock, 1936; peregusna Güldenstädt, 1770; sarmatica Pallas, 1771; syriaca Pocock, 1936; tedschenika Satunin, 1910;</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077452FF2AFF8BFB411107	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3077453FF07F663FA001547.text	41263629C3077453FF07F663FA001547.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odobenus Brisson 1762	<div><p>Odobenus Brisson, 1762. Regne Anim., 2nd ed., p. 30.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Odobenus odobenus Brisson, 1762 (= Phoca rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although the names in Brisson (1762) are invalid, Odobenus has been retained (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1957e).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3077453FF07F663FA001547	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FEDAF991FB4813E3.text	41263629C3067453FEDAF991FB4813E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann 1783)	<div><p>Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783). Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere, 3:276.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Zimmermann (1783) based the name on the "Falkland Isle Seal" of Pennant (1781), however, he added that it "Wohnt um Juan Fernandez, und über haupt in dortigen Meeren." [Falkland Isis, UK].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Coasts of South America from Lima (Peru) to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Falkland Isis.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: brachydactyla Philippi, 1892; falclandicus Nahring, 1887; falklandica Desmarest, 1817; gracilis Nehring, 1887; grayi Scott, 1873; hauvillii Lesson, 1827; latirostris Gray, 1872; leucostoma Philippi, 1892; lupina Molina, 1782; nigrescens Gray, 1850; philippi Philippi, 1892; porcina Molina, 1782; shawii Lesson, 1828; ursinus Gray, 1843.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Scheffer (1958) included galapagoensis Heller, 1904; but this was not followed by Repenning et al. (1971) or J. E. King (1983).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FEDAF991FB4813E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FF34F8A1F8CE11BA.text	41263629C3067453FF34F8A1F8CE11BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier 1826	<div><p>Arctocephalus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 1826. In F. Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat., 39:553 [1826].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: " Phoca ursina " (= Phoca pusilla Schreber, 1777; not Phoca ursina Linnaeus, 1758; Allen, 1905 discussed confusion in designation of type species).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by King (1954) and Repenning et al. (1971) who included Arctophoca Peters, 1867. Van Gelder (19776) considered Zalophus and Arctocephalus congeneric.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FF34F8A1F8CE11BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FEDDFBDBFCF81C9D.text	41263629C3067453FEDDFBDBFCF81C9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson 1828)	<div><p>Arctocephalus forsteri (Lesson, 1828). In Bory de Saint-Vincet (ed.), Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13:421.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Scheffer (1958) restricted the type locality to "Dusky Sound, New Zealand."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand and nearby subantarctic isls; S and W Australia.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FEDDFBDBFCF81C9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FEDDF4F4FCD71E3B.text	41263629C3067453FEDDF4F4FCD71E3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller 1904	<div><p>Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller, 1904. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 3(7):245.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Wenman Island" [Ecuador, Galapagos Isis].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Specimens recorded only from Galapagos Isis [Ecuador].</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Repenning et al. (1971) supported recognition at the specific level, followed by J. E. King (1983); however, Scheffer (1958) considered galapagoensis conspecific with australis, which would be the most closely related taxon. Reviewed by Clark (1975, Mammalian Species, 64).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FEDDF4F4FCD71E3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FEC6FDBFFAB816E3.text	41263629C3067453FEC6FDBFFAB816E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:38.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "intra Zonam arcticam Europae, Asiae, Americae".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Arctic seas: south as far as New England (USA), Great Britain, Scandinavia, Pribilof Isis, and Honshu (Japan) at least occasionally.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Canada); IUCN - Insufficiently known as O. r. laptevi.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arcticus Pallas, 1811; cookii Fremerij, 1831; divergens liliger, 1815; obesus liliger, 1815; orientalis Dybowski, 1922.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Fay (1985, Mammalian Species, 238).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FEC6FDBFFAB816E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3067453FF33FEC6FCB6105D.text	41263629C3067453FF33FEC6FCB6105D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otariidae Gray 1825	<div><p>Family Otariidae Gray, 1825. Ann. Philos., n.s., 10:340.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Allen (1880), Repenning et al. (1971), Mitchell and Tedford (1973), J. E. King (1983), Berta and Deméré (1986), and Barnes (1989). Does not include Odobenus, which was included in a monotypic subfamily (Odobeninae) by Mitchell and Tedford (1973), Tedford (1976), Hall (1981), Barnes (1989), and Wozencraft (1989a, b); however, see Wyss (1987) and Berta (1991) who are followed here. Berta and Deméré (1986) separated Arctocephalus and Callorhinus into the Arctocephalinae. Repenning et al. (1971), Repenning and Tedford (1977), and others argued against the recognition of subfamilies.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3067453FF33FEC6FCB6105D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C306744CFEDDF612FDFD16BF.text	41263629C306744CFEDDF612FDFD16BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus gazella (Peters 1875)	<div><p>Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875). Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1875:393, 396.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "von Seehunden aus Kerguelenland". Restriced by Scheffer (1958) to "Anse Betsy (49°09'S, 70°11 ' E)."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Islands south of Antarctic convergence (Kerguelen, S Sandwich, S Orkney, Heard, Bouver, S Georgia, S Shetland Isis).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by King (1959a, b). Peters' (1875) original description, based on two specimens, was considered by Allen (1880) as invalid (nomen nudum). A year later Peters (1876) learned the second specimen came from St. Paul or Amsterdam Island and gave it the name Otaria (Arctophoca) elegans. Allen (1892) and King (1959b) considered these as subspecific populations. Placed in Arctocephalus by Repenning et al. (1971).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C306744CFEDDF612FDFD16BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF22FE98FB0217E5.text	41263629C319744CFF22FE98FB0217E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus philippii (Peters 1866)	<div><p>Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866). Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866:276, pl. 2a, b, c.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Insel Juan Fernandez". Listed by Scheffer (1958) as " Isla Mâs a Tierra, Islas Juan Fernândez, Chile ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Specimens recorded from Juan Fernandez and San Felix Isis (Chile).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: argentata Philippi, 1871; aurita Tschudi, 1844.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF22FE98FB0217E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF25FFE0FA4A11FB.text	41263629C319744CFF25FFE0FA4A11FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreber 1775)	<div><p>Arctocephalus pusillus (Schreber, 1775). Die Säugethiere, 2(13):pl. 85 (1775]; text, 3(17):314 [1776].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown. "Diese Gattung findet sich in den levantischen, und nach dem Herrn Grafen von Büffon, im indischen Meere"; discussion of type locality in Allen (1880).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Africa from Angola to Algoa Bay; SE Australia; Tasmania.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antarctica Thunberg, 1811; compressa Gray, 1874; delalandii Gray, 1859; doriferus Wood Jones, 1925; nivosus Gray, 1868; parva Boddaert, 1785; peronii Desmarest, 1820; schisthyperoes Turner, 1868; tasmanicus Scott and Lord, 1926.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Repenning et al. (1971) and J. E. King (1983) included doriferus Wood-Jones, 1925; however, Scheffer (1958) considered it a distinct species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF25FFE0FA4A11FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF25F9D3FB8E1320.text	41263629C319744CFF25F9D3FB8E1320.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam 1897	<div><p>Arctocephalus townsendi Merriam, 1897. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11:175.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Guadalupe Island, off Lower California... collected on the beach on west side of Guadalupe." [Mexico]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Guadalupe Isl (Mexico), Channel Isis (California, USA).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Threatened; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Formerly included in Arctophoca; see Repenning et al. (1971). Considered conspecific with philippii by Scheffer (1958).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF25F9D3FB8E1320	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF25FB18FCE11C63.text	41263629C319744CFF25FB18FCE11C63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray 1872)	<div><p>Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872:653, 659.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "North coast of Australia." This is in error, fixed by King (1959b) to "'Australasian sea'...to include the islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam as these are the islands nearest to Australia... ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Islands north of Antarctic Convergence (Tristan, Gough, Marion, Crozet, Amsterdam, Macquarie Isis).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF25FB18FCE11C63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF1CF446FDA41CDC.text	41263629C319744CFF1CF446FDA41CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callorhinus Gray 1859	<div><p>Callorhinus Gray, 1859. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859:359.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Arctocephalus ursinus Gray, 1859 (= Phoca ursina Linnaeus, 1758), by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF1CF446FDA41CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744CFF23F534FA4B1E03.text	41263629C319744CFF23F534FA4B1E03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:37.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in Camschatcae maritimus inter Asiam and Americam proximam, primario in infula Beringri," restricted by Thomas (1911 a) to "Bering Island."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: North Pacific, in Okhotsk and Bering Seas; Commander and Pribilof Isis (Russia), south to Japan, Shantung (China), and S California (USA).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: alascanus Jordan and Clark, 1898; californianus Gray, 1866; curilensis Jordan and Clark, 1898; cynocephala Walbaum, 1792; mimica Tilesius, 1835.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744CFF23F534FA4B1E03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C319744DFF1DF667FAD11518.text	41263629C319744DFF1DF667FAD11518.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eumetopias Gill 1866	<div><p>Eumetopias Gill, 1866. Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, 5:7.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: " Otaria californiana Lesson., = Arctocephalus monterienis Gray. " (= Phoca jubata Schreber, 1776).</p> <p>COMMENTS: For a discussion of the type, see Scheffer (1958).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C319744DFF1DF667FAD11518	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFEDBFD70FB2116C1.text	41263629C318744DFEDBFD70FB2116C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, text, 3(17):300 [1776]; 3(17):pl. 83.B[1776].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "...Aufenthalt in dem nördlichen Theil des stillen Meeres...westlichen Küste von Amerika... östlichen von Kamtschatka...Inseln...Küsten unter dem 56ten Grade der Breite liegen." [N part of the Pacific. Russia, Commander and Bering Isis].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Pacific, from Hokkaido (Japan) to S California (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA - Threatened.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: marinus Steller, 1751; monteriensis Gray, 1859; stellerii Lesson, 1828.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Scheffer (1958) pointed out that jubata Forster, 1775, is invalid. Reviewed by Loughlin et al. (1987, Mammalian Species, 283).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFEDBFD70FB2116C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFEDCF83EFBA7110D.text	41263629C318744DFEDCF83EFBA7110D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neophoca cinerea (Peron 1816)	<div><p>Neophoca cinerea (Péron, 1816). Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral., 2:54.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "L'ile Decrès" [Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Isl].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Houtmans Abrolhos (Western Australia) to Kangaroo Isl (South Australia).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albicollis Péron, 1816; australis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830; forsteri Wood Jones, 1992 (not Lesson, 1828); hookeri Gray, 1844; lobatus Gray, 1828; williamsi McCoy, 1877.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Allen (1880:203-204) questioned the validity of the type description. Reviewed by Ling (1992, Mammalian Species, 392).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFEDCF83EFBA7110D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFF36FF24FCA717C8.text	41263629C318744DFF36FF24FCA717C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neophoca Gray 1866	<div><p>Neophoca Gray, 1866. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 18:231.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Arctocephalus lobatus Gray, 1828 (= Otaria cinerea Péron, 1816).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Sivertsen (1954) and Scheffer (1958) considered Neophoca congeneric with Phocarctos; however, it was retained as separate by J. E. King (1960, 1983), Rice (1977), and Barnes (1989).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFF36FF24FCA717C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFEDCF988FB371CD4.text	41263629C318744DFEDCF988FB371CD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otaria baronia (de Blainville 1820)	<div><p>Otaria baronia (de Blainville, 1820). J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 91:300.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "the island of Tinian...située à l'est des Philippines ou par le 15° de latitude méridionale et le 215° de long, méridionale de Greenwich." This is an error, as there are no sea lions on these islands, fixed by Scheffer (1958) as "it probably came from the Strait of Magellan or Islas Juan Fernândez" based on Allen (1905) and Hamilton (1934).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: South American coasts from Peru to Uruguay; Falkland Isl; occasionally north to coast of Brazil.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: chilensis Müller, 1841; chonotica Philippi, 1892; flavescens Shaw, 1800; fluva Philippi, 1892; godeffroyi Peters, 1866; hookeri Sclater, 1866; leonina Molina, 1782; minor Gray, 1874; molossina Lesson and Garnot, 1826; pernettyi Lesson, 1828; pygmaea Gray, 1874; rufa Philippi, 1892; scout Boddaert, 1784; ulloae Tschudi, 1844; uraniae Lesson, 1827; velutina Philippi, 1892.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Phoca flavescens Shaw, 1800, was described based on a juvenile specimen in the Leverian Museum from the "Magellanic Straits" [Chile]. His description, as stated, does not fit any know otariid from this region (Allen, 1880, 1905). Cabrera (1940) believed that the description was sufficient to distinguish it from Arctocephalus, the only other possibility; based on the molting of young pups. King (1978) who reviewed the controversy, pointed out that at molting stage, the size of the pup would exclude it from Shaw's (1800) description.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFEDCF988FB371CD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFF36F970F9D311B0.text	41263629C318744DFF36F970F9D311B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otaria Peron 1816	<div><p>Otaria Péron, 1816. Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral., 2:37.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Otaria leonina Péron, 1816 (= Phoca byroni de Blainville, 1820).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFF36F970F9D311B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFEDFF631FB751EF4.text	41263629C318744DFEDFF631FB751EF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phocarctos hookeri (Gray 1844)	<div><p>Phocarctos hookeri (Gray, 1844). Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror," 1:4.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Falkland Islands and Cape Horn." Locality in error; fixed by Clark (1873) as " Auckland Islands... between 800 and 900 miles S. of Tasmania, in lat. 50°48'S., long. 166°42'E." [New Zealand]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Subantarctic islands of New Zealand.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFEDFF631FB751EF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C318744DFF08F516FD271DDC.text	41263629C318744DFF08F516FD271DDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phocarctos Peters 1866	<div><p>Phocarctos Peters, 1866. Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866:269.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Otaria hookeri (Arctocephalus Hookeri Gray, 1844).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Sivertsen (1954) and Scheffer (1958) considered Phocarctos congeneric with Neophoca, however, it was retained as separate by J. E. King (1960, 1983), Rice (1977), and Barnes (1989).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C318744DFF08F516FD271DDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF2EF9DFF9861303.text	41263629C31B744EFF2EF9DFF9861303.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cystophora cristata (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regni Anim., 1:590.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Habitat in Groenlandia australiori et Newfoundland". [S Greenland and Newfoundland].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from Newfoundland (Canada) to S Greenland, Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya (Russia); occasionally south to Portugal and Florida (USA).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: borealis Nilsson, 1820; dimidiata Riippell, 1842.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Kovacs and Lavigne (1986, Mammalian Species, 258).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF2EF9DFF9861303	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF18F971FC9711E8.text	41263629C31B744EFF18F971FC9711E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cystophora Nilsson 1820	<div><p>Cystophora Nilsson, 1820. Skand. Faun. Dagg. Djur., 1:382.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cystophora borealis Nilsson, 1820 (= Phoca cristata Erxleben, 1777).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by King (1966).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF18F971FC9711E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF2EFBFBFC2D1CC9.text	41263629C31B744EFF2EFBFBFC2D1CC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben 1777)	<div><p>Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regni Anim., 1:590.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "ad Scotiam atque Groelandiam australiorem, vulgaris circa Islandiam" [North Atlantic, S Greenland].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar Arctic seas (Canada, Greenland, Japan, Norway, USA, republics of the former USSR), south to Hokkaido (Japan) and Newfoundland.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albigena Pallas, 1811; lepechenii Lesson, 1828; leporina Lepechin, 1778; nautica Pallas, 1811; parsonii Lesson, 1828.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF2EFBFBFC2D1CC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF18FB64F9C31385.text	41263629C31B744EFF18FB64F9C31385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Erignathus Gill 1866	<div><p>Erignathus Gill, 1866. Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, 5:5.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca barbata Fabricius, 1791 (= Phoca barbata Erxleben, 1777).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF18FB64F9C31385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF18F52BFD5C1D97.text	41263629C31B744EFF18F52BFD5C1D97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halichoerus Nilsson 1820	<div><p>Halichoerus Nilsson, 1820. Skand. Faun. Dagg. Djur., 1:376.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Halichoerus griseus Nilsson, 1820 (= Phoca grypus Fabricius, 1791).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Mohr (1952) described successful mating in captivity between Phoca hispida and Halichoerus grypus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF18F52BFD5C1D97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF19FF41FBFF110F.text	41263629C31B744EFF19FF41FBFF110F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phocidae Gray 1821	<div><p>Family Phocidae Gray, 1821. London Med. Repos., 15:297.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Chapskii (1955), Scheffer (1958), J. E. King (1966, 1983), Hendey (1972), Muizon (1982a), and Wyss (1989). Muizon (1982«), and Wyss's (1988) phylogenetic analyses agreed on three areas: 1) The monophyletic nature of two groups they refer to as the Lobodontini (Hydrurga, Leptonychotes, Lobodon, and Ommatophoca), and the Phocinae (Erignathus, Cystophora, Halichoerus, and Phoca), 2) The lobodonts, along with Monachus and Mirounga have been traditionally refered to as the Monachinae (kept by Muizon), however, they both suggested that this group may be paraphyletic, 3) Because of the "unsettled" nature of these taxa, no subfamilies are recognized at this time.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF19FF41FBFF110F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF2EFDE4FBEF177F.text	41263629C31B744EFF2EFDE4FBEF177F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalophus californianus (Lesson 1828)	<div><p>Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828). In Bory de Saint-Vincet (ed.), Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris, 13:420.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "les rochers dans le voisinage de la baie San-Francisco sont ordinairement couverts de lion marins." [USA, California, San Francisco Bay].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Pacifie from near the Mexico-Guatemala border to British Columbia (Canada); Japan; Galapagos Isis (Gallo-Reynosa and Solorzano-Velasco, 1991).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Extinct? as Z. c. japonicus.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: gillespii M'Bain, 1858; japonica Peters, 1866; lobatus Jentink, 1892; philippii Allen, 1905; wollebaeki Sivertsen, 1953.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF2EFDE4FBEF177F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744EFF18FD20F9D615EB.text	41263629C31B744EFF18FD20F9D615EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zalophus Gill 1866	<div><p>Zalophus Gill, 1866. Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, 5:7.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: " Otaria Gilliespii Macbain ", 1858 (= Otaria californiana Lesson, 1828).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Included in Arctocephalus by Van Gelder (1977b). Mohr (1952) reported successful matings between Arctocephalus pusillus and Z. californianus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744EFF18FD20F9D615EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31B744FFF2FF5F1FC5115BC.text	41263629C31B744FFF2FF5F1FC5115BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius 1791)	<div><p>Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791). Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen, 1(2):167.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Listed by Scheffer (1958) as " Greenland ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Temperate and subarctic waters around Britain, Canada (Newfoundland area), Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Russia (Kola Peninsula), and Baltic Sea.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: atlantica Nehring, 1886; baltica Nehring, 1886; griseus Nilsson, 1820; halichoerus Thienemann, 1824; macrorhynchus Hornschuch and Schilling, 1851; pachyrhynchus Hornschuch and Schilling, 1851.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31B744FFF2FF5F1FC5115BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFF0AFDFEFD6F164B.text	41263629C31A744FFF0AFDFEFD6F164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrurga Gistel 1848	<div><p>Hydrurga Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. des Thierreichs, p. xi.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca leptonyx de Blainville, 1820.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Replacement name for preoccupied Stenorhinchus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, 1826.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFF0AFDFEFD6F164B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFED0FE42FCD41766.text	41263629C31A744FFED0FE42FCD41766.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville 1820)	<div><p>Hydrurga leptonyx (de Blainville, 1820). J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris, 91:298.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "des environs des îles Falckland ou Malouines" [Falkland Isis (UK)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, in southern oceans (Antarctica, Australia, Chile, Kerguelen Islands, South Sandwich Isis, Falkland Isis, southern Africa, New Zealand).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: homei Lesson, 1828.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFED0FE42FCD41766	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFF0AFF48FD761036.text	41263629C31A744FFF0AFF48FD761036.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptonychotes Gill 1872	<div><p>Leptonychotes Gill, 1872. Smithson. Mise. Coll., 11:70.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Otaria weddellii Lesson, 1826, by monotypy.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Replacement name for Leptonyx Gray, 1837, which is preoccupied by Leptonyx Swainson, 1821.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFF0AFF48FD761036	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFED0F80BF93C117A.text	41263629C31A744FFED0F80BF93C117A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptonychotes weddellii (Lesson 1826)	<div><p>Leptonychotes weddellii (Lesson, 1826). Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., 7:437.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "sur les côtes des Orcades australes, situées sour 60 degrés 37 minutes de lat" [South Orkney Isl (Br. Antarct. Trust Terr.)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Coastal fast ice areas of Antarctic continent and adjacent islands; occasionally north to South America, Australia, and New Zealand.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: leopardina Hamilton, 1839.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Stirling (1971, Mammalian Species, 6) and Kooyman (1981).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFED0F80BF93C117A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFED3F9D4FCB9131A.text	41263629C31A744FFED3F9D4FCB9131A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lobodon carcinophagus (Hombron and Jacquinot 1842)	<div><p>Lobodon carcinophagus (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842). In Dumont d'Uville, Voy. Pole Sud., Zool., Altas: Mammifères, pl. 10 [1842], vol. 3:Mammifères et Oiseaux, p. 27 [1853].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "capturé sur les glaces du Pole Sud, entre les îles Sandwich et les îles Powels, à 150 lieues de distance de chacune de ces îles." [Scotia Sea (midway between South Orkney and South Sandwich Isis) (Br. Antarct. Trust Terr.)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Antarctic seas, frequently on pack ice around Antarctic Continent, limited records from New Zealand, Australia, Tasmania, and Argentina.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: serridens Owen, 1843.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFED3F9D4FCB9131A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFF0CF9BDFAB711FC.text	41263629C31A744FFF0CF9BDFAB711FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lobodon Gray 1844	<div><p>Lobodon Gray, 1844. Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror," 1:2.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca carcinophaga Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFF0CF9BDFAB711FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFED5FBC6F9F81CEA.text	41263629C31A744FFED5FBC6F9F81CEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirounga angustirostris (Gill 1866)	<div><p>Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866). Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, 5: 13.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "California" restricted by Poole and Schantz (1942) to "St. Bartholomews Bay, lower California, Mexico." Clarified by Scheffer (1958) as "Bahia Tòrtola (= Bahia San Bartolomé) 27°39'N, 114°51'W, Baja California, Mexico ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SE Alaska to California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFED5FBC6F9F81CEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFF0FFB5AF8D413CE.text	41263629C31A744FFF0FFB5AF8D413CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirounga Gray 1827	<div><p>Mirounga Gray, 1827. In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom, 5:179.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca proboscidea Péron, 1816 (= Phoca leonina Linnaeus, 1758).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by King (1966). Ling and Bryden (1992) provided a key to the species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFF0FFB5AF8D413CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31A744FFED2F4E2F9D11E54.text	41263629C31A744FFED2F4E2F9D11E54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Mirounga leonina (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 37.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "ad polum Antarcticum" restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Juan Fernandez", further restricted by Hamilton (1940) as " Isla Mas a Tierra" [Chile].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Subantarctic islands, including Macquarie, Kerguelen, S Georgia Isis.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ansonii de Blainville, 1820; ansonina de Blainville, 1820; coxii Desmarest, 1817; crosetensis Lydekker, 1909; dubia Fischer, 1829; elephantina Gray, 1844; falclandicus Lydekker, 1909; falklandica Peters, 1875; kerguelensis Peters, 1875; macquariensis Lydekker, 1909; patagonica Gray, 1827; proboscidea Peron, 1816; resima Peron, 1816.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Ling and Bryden (1992, Mammalian Species, 391).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31A744FFED2F4E2F9D11E54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF1BFD1EFE0515E8.text	41263629C31D7448FF1BFD1EFE0515E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monachus Fleming 1822	<div><p>Monachus Fleming, 1822. Philos. Zool., 2:187.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca monachus Hermann, 1779.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by King (1956). Wyss (1988) suggested that this may be a paraphyletic group.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF1BFD1EFE0515E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF21FDE2FD871707.text	41263629C31D7448FF21FDE2FD871707.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monachus monachus (Hermann 1779)	<div><p>Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779). Beschaft. Berlin Ges. Naturforsch. Fr., 4:501.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: King (1956) listed the locality as "captured in the autumn of 1777 in the Dalmation Sea at Ossero." [Yugoslavia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Mediterranean and Black Seas; NW Africa to Cape Blanc.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albiventer Boddaert, 1785; altantica Gray, 1854; bicolor Shaw, 1800; byronii Desmarest, 1820; hermannii Lesson, 1828; leucogaster Peron, 1817; mediterraneus Nilsson, 1838.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF21FDE2FD871707	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF20FF7DFAB41020.text	41263629C31D7448FF20FF7DFAB41020.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monachus schauinslandi Matschie 1905	<div><p>Monachus schauinslandi Matschie, 1905. Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1905:258.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Laysan ist eine kleine Koralleinsel, nordwestlich der Sandwich-Inseln" [USA, Laysan Isl, 25°50'N, 171 °50'W].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NW Hawaiian Isis, from Nihoa to Kure.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF20FF7DFAB41020	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF20F818FAF21165.text	41263629C31D7448FF20F818FAF21165.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monachus tropicalis (Gray 1850)	<div><p>Monachus tropicalis (Gray, 1850). Cat. Spec. Mamm. Coll. Br. Mus., Part 2(Seals), p. 28.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Jamaica " restricted by King (1956) to "Pedro Cays, 80 km. south of Jamaica ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean Sea and Yucatan.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Extinct?.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antillarum Gray, 1849.</p> <p>COMMENTS: "Extinct since the early 1950's" (Kenyon, 1977).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF20F818FAF21165	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF1BF948FAE811E8.text	41263629C31D7448FF1BF948FAE811E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ommatophoca Gray 1844	<div><p>Ommatophoca Gray, 1844. Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror," 1:3.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ommatophoca Rossii Gray, 1844, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF1BF948FAE811E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF21F9E0F96912AC.text	41263629C31D7448FF21F9E0F96912AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ommatophoca rossii Gray 1844	<div><p>Ommatophoca rossii Gray, 1844. Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror," 1:3.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Antarctic ocean", restricted by Barrett-Hamilton (1902) to "pack ice, north of Ross Sea 68°S, 176°E ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar, Antarctic pack ice, particularly King Haakon VII Sea.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF21F9E0F96912AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF20F47CFA5C1D20.text	41263629C31D7448FF20F47CFA5C1D20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca caspica Gmelin 1788	<div><p>Phoca caspica Gmelin, 1788. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1:64.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in mari, praesertim septentrionali, etiam Pacifico et Caspico" [Caspian Sea).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Caspian Sea.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pusa Scopoli, 1777, followed by Scheffer (1958).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF20F47CFA5C1D20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF20F517FCA11E32.text	41263629C31D7448FF20F517FCA11E32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca fasciata Zimmermann 1783	<div><p>Phoca fasciata Zimmermann, 1783. Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere, 3:277.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Wohnt um die Kurdischen Inseln" [Russia, Kurile Isis].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Okhotsk, W Bering, Chukchiand Japan Seas.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: equestris Pallas, 1831.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Burns and Fay (1970). Placed in Histriophoca Gill, 1873 by Scheffer (1958) and Muizon (1982a)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF20F517FCA11E32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7448FF1AFA8EFD741C05.text	41263629C31D7448FF1AFA8EFD741C05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Phoca Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:37.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758, by tautonomy.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Burns and Fay (1970), Rice (1977), McDermid and Bonner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), J. E. King (1983), and Wyss (1988) considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus a monophyletic group. However, Muizon (1982a) suggested that Histricophoca and Pagophilus may be more closely related to Cystophora than to Phoca (sensu stricto). Burns and Fay (1970) and McDermid and Bonner (1975) argued that these differences should be recognized only at the subgeneric level which is followed here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7448FF1AFA8EFD741C05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31D7449FF20F607FDF41595.text	41263629C31D7449FF20F607FDF41595.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca groenlandica Erxleben 1777	<div><p>Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1777. Syst. Regni Anim., 1:588.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in Groenlandia et Newfoundland."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: N Atlantic and Arctic oceans from E Canada to the White Sea (Russia).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albicauda Desmarest, 1822; albini Alessandrini, 1851; dorsata Pallas, 1811; leucopla Thienemann, 1824; oceanica Lepechin, 1778; semilunaris Boddaert, 1785.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pagophilus Gray, 1844, followed by Scheffer (1958) and Muizon (1982a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31D7449FF20F607FDF41595	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31C7449FEC6FDEFFDE517C0.text	41263629C31C7449FEC6FDEFFDE517C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca hispida Schreber 1775	<div><p>Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775. Die Säugethiere, 2(13):pl. 86 (1775]; text, 3(17):312[1776].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Man fängt ihn auf den Küsten von Grönland und Labrader".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Arctic Ocean, Okhotsk, Bering, and Baltic Seas; Finland (Saimaa Lake); Russia (Ladoga Lake); Canda (Nettilling Lake, Baffin Isl).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as P. h. saimensis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annellata Nilsson, 1820; beaufortiana Anderson, 1943; birulai Smirnov, 1929; botnica Gmelin, 1788; foetida Fabricius, 1776; gichigensis Allen, 1902; krascheninikovi Naumov and Smirnov, 1936; ladogensis Nordquist, 1899; octonata Kutorga, 1839; pomororum Smirnov, 1929; pygmaea Zukowsky, 1914; saimensis Nordquist, 1899; soperi Anderson, 1943.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pusa Scopoli, 1777, followed by Scheffer (1958). Mohr (1952) described successful mating in captivity between Phoca hispida and Halichoerus grypus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31C7449FEC6FDEFFDE517C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31C7449FED8F839F9CC118A.text	41263629C31C7449FED8F839F9CC118A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca largha Pallas 1811	<div><p>Phoca largha Pallas, 1811. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1:113.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "quam quod observetur tantum ad orientale littus Camtschatcae", Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) listed as "Eastern coast of Kamchatka " [Russia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Associated with pack ice in coastal N Pacific, Bering and Okhotsk Seas, Aleutian Isis; south to Kiangsu (China) and Japan.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: chorisi Lesson, 1828; macrodens Allen, 1902; nummularis Temminck, 1847; ochotensis Allen, 1902; petersi Mohr, 1941; pribilofensis Allen, 1902; tigrina Lesson, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Scheffer (1958) considered largha as conspecific with vitulina; however, Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) and J. E. King (1983) separated the two.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31C7449FED8F839F9CC118A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31C7449FEDBF982FBFF129A.text	41263629C31C7449FEDBF982FBFF129A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca sibirica Gmelin 1788	<div><p>Phoca sibirica Gmelin, 1788. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1:64.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Baikal et Orom" [Lake Baikal and Lake Oron (=Ozero Oron), U.S. S. R.].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Lake Baikal (Russia).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: baicalensis Dybowski, 1873; oronensis Dybowski, 1922.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in Pusa Scopoli, 1777, followed by Scheffer (1958). Reviewed by Thomas et al. (1982, Mammalian Species, 188).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31C7449FEDBF982FBFF129A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31C7449FEDBFAF3FAF81D46.text	41263629C31C7449FEDBFAF3FAF81D46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:38.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in mari Europaeo" restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Mari Bothnico et Baltico", however, presently it does not occur in the Gulf of Bothnia (Bobrinski et al., 1944).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Kurile Isis and Kamchatka (Russia); south to Kiangsu (China); Alaska to Mexico; Greenland and E Canada to NE USA; Iceland; Britain and Europe; Seal Lakes, Ungava Peninsula (Canada); Iliamna Lake, Alaska (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable as P. v. stejnegeri.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: antarcticus Peale, 1848; californica Gray, 1866; canina Pallas, 1811; concolor DeKay, 1842; geronimensis Allen, 1902; insularis Belkin, 1964; kurilensis McLaren, 1966; linnaei Lesson, 1828; littorea Thienemann, 1824; mellonae Doutt, 1942; pealii Gill, 1866; pribilofensis Allen, 1902; richardii Gray, 1873; scopulicola Thienemann, 1824; thienemannii Lesson, 1828; variegata Nilsson, 1820.</p> <p>COMMENTS: The position of stejnegeri Allen, 1902, remains uncertain; Scheffer (1958) placed in largha Pallas, 1811; J. E. King (1983) placed in vitulina Linnaeus, 1758; and Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) suggested incertae sedis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31C7449FEDBFAF3FAF81D46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31C7449FF35F5A8FD891E96.text	41263629C31C7449FF35F5A8FD891E96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyonidae Gray 1825	<div><p>Family Procyonidae Gray, 1825. Ann. Philos., n.s., 10:339.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Hollister (1915), Pocock (1921a), Baskin (1982, 1989), and Decker and Wozencraft (1991). Does not include Ailurus or Ailuropoda, following information presented in Davis (1964), Todd and Pressman (1968), Sarich (1976), Ginsburg (1982), Wozencraft (19896), and Decker and Wozencraft (1991); however, Hollister (1915), Gregory (1936), Thenius (1979), and Flynn et al. (1988) considered Ailurus in the Procyonidae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31C7449FF35F5A8FD891E96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFED6FEE1FDD817AD.text	41263629C31F744AFED6FEE1FDD817AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon alleni Thomas 1880	<div><p>Bassaricyon alleni Thomas, 1880. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880:397.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Sarayacu, on the Bobonasa river, Upper Pastasa river", [Ecuador].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador east of the Andes, and Peru to Cuzco Prov.; Bolivia; possibly into Venezuela.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFED6FEE1FDD817AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFED6FFA5FA4D1046.text	41263629C31F744AFED6FFA5FA4D1046.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon beddardi Pocock 1921	<div><p>Bassaricyon beddardi Pocock, 1921. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 7:231.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Bastrica woods, Essequibo River, British Guiana ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Guyana, and possibly adjacent Venezuela and Brasil.</p> <p>COMMENTS: A renaming of alleni Sclater, 1895 (not Thomas, 1880). Cabrera (1958) erroneously listed Bassaricyon beddardi as Bassariscus beddardi.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFED6FFA5FA4D1046	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF29F8BEFD1E1159.text	41263629C31F744AFF29F8BEFD1E1159.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon gabbii J. A. Allen 1876	<div><p>Bassaricyon gabbii J. A. Allen, 1876. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 28:21.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Costa Rica," restricted by Allen (1908) to "Talamanca".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: C Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia, W Ecuador.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Costa Rica).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: médius Thomas, 1909; orinomus Goldman, 1912; richardsoni J. A. Allen, 1908; siccatus Thomas, 1927.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF29F8BEFD1E1159	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF00FDF1FCB016E9.text	41263629C31F744AFF00FDF1FCB016E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon J. A. Allen 1876	<div><p>Bassaricyon J. A. Allen, 1876. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 28:20, pl. 1.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Bassaricyon Gabbii J. A. Allen, 1876, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Poglayen-Neuwall (1965). Several workers have suggested that the several named forms of Bassaricyon are conspecific (Decker and Wozencraft, 1991; Ewer, 1973; Hall and Kelson, 1959; Stains, 1967; Wozencraft, 1989b); but supporting systematic work is lacking.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF00FDF1FCB016E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF29F9AFFBBF121B.text	41263629C31F744AFF29F9AFFBBF121B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon lasius Harris 1932	<div><p>Bassaricyon lasius Harris, 1932. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 248:3.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Estrella de Cartago, Costa Rica. This locality is six to eight miles south of Cartago near the source of the Rio Estrella, at an altitude of about 4,500 feet."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF29F9AFFBBF121B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF29FA72FBBF1335.text	41263629C31F744AFF29FA72FBBF1335.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassaricyon pauli Enders 1936	<div><p>Bassaricyon pauli Enders, 1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 88:365.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Between Rio Chiriqui Viejo and Rio Colorado, on a hill known locally as Cerro Pando, elevation 4800 feet, about ten miles from El Volcan, Province de Chiriqui, R. de Panama."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF29FA72FBBF1335	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF05FB76F91E13C1.text	41263629C31F744AFF05FB76F91E13C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potos E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier 1795	<div><p>Potos E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, 1795. Mag. Encyclop., 2:187.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra caudivolvula Schreber, 1777 (= Lemur flavus Schreber, 1774), by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Hernandez-Camacho (1977) placed Potos in Cercoleptidae Bonaparte, 1838.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF05FB76F91E13C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744AFF01FD1DFD03158F.text	41263629C31F744AFF01FD1DFD03158F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potosinae Trouessart 1904	<div><p>Subfamily Potosinae Trouessart, 1904. Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. 1:183.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Potos E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1795, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744AFF01FD1DFD03158F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31F744BFF2BF43AFE1715C4.text	41263629C31F744BFF2BF43AFE1715C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Potos flavus (Schreber 1774)	<div><p>Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774). Die Säugethiere, 1 (9):pl. 42(1774]; text, p. 187[189] (index) [1774].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Er ist, der Sage nach, auf den Gebirgen in Jamaica einheimisch"; restricted by Thomas (1902b), to " Surinam ". Ford and Hoffmann (1988) discussed the confusion over the name and type locality.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Tamaulipas and Guerrero (possibly Michoacan), Mexico through Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, to the Mato Grosso of Brazil and N South American (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Hondurus).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arborensis Goodwin, 1938; aztecus Thomas, 1902; boothi Goodwin, 1957; brachyotos Schinz, 1844; brachyotus Martin, 1836; brasiliensis Ihering, 1911; campechensis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; caucensis J. A. Allen, 1904; caudivolvula Schreber, 1777; chapadensis J. A. Allen, 1904; chiriquensis Allen, 1904; dugesii Villa, 1944; guerrerensis Goldman, 1915; isthmicus Goldman, 1913; lepida liliger, 1815; mansuetus Thomas, 1914; megalotus Martin, 1836; meridensis Thomas, 1902; modestus Lönnberg, 1921; nocturna Wied[-Neuwied], 1826; potto Müller, 1776; prehensilis Kerr, 1792; simiasciurus Schreber, 1774; tolimensis J. A. Allen, 1913.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Kortlucke (1973) and Hernandez-Camacho (1977). Reviewed by Ford and Hoffmann (1988, Mammalian Species, 321), Cabrera (1958), and Husson (1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31F744BFF2BF43AFE1715C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFED3FF69FCA31168.text	41263629C31E744BFED3FF69FCA31168.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassariscus astutus (Lichtenstein 1830)	<div><p>Bassariscus astutus (Lichtenstein, 1830). Abh. König. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1827:119 [1830].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Mexico " [near city of Mexico].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: SW Oregon, N Nevada, Utah, SW Wyoming and W Colorado, south through California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas (USA), to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico); Tiburon Isl and several other islands in the Gulf of California.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albipes Elliot, 1904; arizonensis Goldman, 1932; bold Goldman, 1945; consitus Nelson and Goldman, 1932; flavus Rhoads, 1894; insulicola Nelson and Goldman, 1909; macdougalli Goodwin, 1956; nevadensis Miller, 1913; octavus Hall, 1926; oregonus Rhoads, 1894; paltnarius Nelson and Goldman, 1909; raptor Baird, 1859; saxicola Merriam, 1897; willetti Stager, 1950; yumanensis Huey, 1937.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Rhoads (1893). See Poglayen-Neuwall and Toweill (1988, Mammalian Species, 327).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFED3FF69FCA31168	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFF0DFEA6FA811712.text	41263629C31E744BFF0DFEA6FA811712.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassariscus Coues 1887	<div><p>Bassariscus Coues, 1887. Science, 9:516.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Bassariscus astutus, by monotypy through the replaced name Bassaris astuta Lichtenstein, 1830 (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Hollister (1915) placed in monotypic Bassariscidae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFF0DFEA6FA811712	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFED2F960FA301284.text	41263629C31E744BFED2F960FA301284.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bassariscus sumichrasti (Saussure 1860)	<div><p>Bassariscus sumichrasti (Saussure, 1860). Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2, 12:7.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Cet animal habite les greniers dans la région chaude du Mexique." Hall and Kelson (1959) listed " Mexico, Veracruz, Mirador."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Guerrero and S Veracruz (Mexico) to W Panama including Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Costa Rica.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Costa Rica).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: campechensis Nelson and Goldman, 1932; monticola Cordero, 1875; notinus Thomas, 1903; oaxacensis Goodwin, 1956; variabilis Peters, 1874.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFED2F960FA301284	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFED5FB53FBE51DAA.text	41263629C31E744BFED5FB53FBE51DAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasua narica (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Nasua narica (Linnaeus, 1766). Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1:64.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America", restricted by Allen (1879) to " Veracruz, Mexico "; Herkovitz (1951) further restricted it to "Achotal, Isthmus of Techuantpec, Vera Cruz."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: USA (S Arizona and SW New Mexico), south through Mexico (except Baja California), Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama), to northernmost Colombia (Gulf of Uraba).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Honduras) as Nasua nasua (= narica); IUCN - Insufficiently known as N. nelsoni.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: buttata Allen, 1904; isthmica Goldman, 1942; mexicana Weinland, 1860; molaris Merriam, 1902; nelsoni Merriam, 1901; pallida Allen, 1904; panamensis Allen, 1904; richmondi Goldman, 1932; tamaulipensis Goldman, 1942; thersites Thomas, 1901; vulpecula Erxleben, 1777; yucatanica Allen, 1904.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Includes nelsoni (Decker, 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFED5FB53FBE51DAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E7444FED4F59FF99D16A3.text	41263629C31E7444FED4F59FF99D16A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasua nasua (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>Nasua nasua (Linnaeus 1766). Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1:64.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "America."; listed by Cabrera (1958) as " Pernambuco ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, Paraguay, Surinam, Uruguay.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as N. n. solitaria (Uruguay) and Nasua nasua (Honduras).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annulata Desmarest, 1820; aricana Vieira, 1945; boliviensis Cabrera, 1956; candace Thomas, 1912; cinerascens Lönnberg, 1921; dichromatica Tate, 1939; dorsalis Gray, 1866; fusca Schonburgk, 1839; gualeae Lönnberg, 1921; gualeae Lönnberg, 1921; henseli Lönnberg, 1921; jivaro Thomas, 1914; judex Thomas, 1914; jurvana Ihering, 1911; leucorhynchus Tschudi, 1845; manium Thomas, 1912; mephisto Thomas, 1927; mexianae Vieira, 1945; mondie Olfers, 1818; montana Tschudi, 1844; monticola Schinz, 1844; nasica Winge, 1859; nasuta Tschudi, 1844; obfuscata Olfers, 1818; phaeocephala Allen, 1904; quasje Gmelin, 1788; quichua Thomas, 1901; rufa Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814; rufina Tschudi, 1844; rusco Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814; sociabilis Schinz, 1821; soederstroemmi Lönnberg, 1921; solitaria Schinz, 1821; vittata Tschudi, 1845.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E7444FED4F59FF99D16A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFF0FFAE6F933137B.text	41263629C31E744BFF0FFAE6F933137B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasua Storr 1780	<div><p>Nasua Storr, 1780. Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 35, tabi. A.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra nasua Linnaeus, 1766, by absolute tautomy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Allen (1879) and Decker (1991). Reviewed by Cabrera (1958).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFF0FFAE6F933137B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C31E744BFF0BFE27FBF11642.text	41263629C31E744BFF0BFE27FBF11642.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyoninae Gray 1825	<div><p>Subfamily Procyoninae Gray, 1825. Ann. Philos., n.s., 10:339.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Procyon Storr, 1780.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C31E744BFF0BFE27FBF11642	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF69FE86F9DC1725.text	41263629C3117444FF69FE86F9DC1725.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasuella Hollister 1915	<div><p>Nasuella Hollister, 1915. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 49: 148.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Nasua olivacea meridensis Thomas, 1901, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF69FE86F9DC1725	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF3CFF1EFACE17C0.text	41263629C3117444FF3CFF1EFACE17C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasuella olivacea (Gray 1865)	<div><p>Nasuella olivacea (Gray, 1865). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:703 [1865].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Santa Fé de Bogota " [Colombia], subsequently restricted by Cabrera (1958:249) to "Bogoté, lo que debe interpretarse corno las montanas próximas a esta capital."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Colombia, W Venezuela, and Ecuador.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF3CFF1EFACE17C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF3FF912FB0B120A.text	41263629C3117444FF3FF912FB0B120A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier 1798)	<div><p>Procyon cancrivorus (G. Cuvier, 1798). Tabi. Elem. Hist. Nat. Anim., p. 113.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "se trouve à Cayenne" [French Guiana, Cayenne].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aequatorialis J. A. Allen, 1915; brasiliensis Ihering, 1911; nigripes Mivart, 1886; panamensis Goldman, 1913; proteus J. A. Allen, 1904.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF3FF912FB0B120A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF3FFA02FBEA12CE.text	41263629C3117444FF3FFA02FBEA12CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon gloveralleni Nelson and Goldman 1930	<div><p>Procyon gloveralleni Nelson and Goldman, 1930. J. Mammal., 11:453.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Island of Barbados, Lesser Antilles, West Indies."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Extinct? (see Hall, 1981:973).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF3FFA02FBEA12CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF3FFAC7FBC913B2.text	41263629C3117444FF3FFAC7FBC913B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon insularis Merriam 1898	<div><p>Procyon insularis Merriam, 1898. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:17.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Maria Madre Island, Très Marias Ids., Mexico."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Maria Madre Isl (P. i. insularis), and Maria Magdalena Isl (P. i. vicinus).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: vicinus Nelson and Goldman, 1931.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF3FFAC7FBC913B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF3CFB88F9B91ED6.text	41263629C3117444FF3CFB88F9B91ED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon lotor (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:48.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Americae maritimis," restricted by Thomas (1911«) to " Pennsylvania " [USA].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Canada throughout USA (except parts of the Rocky Mtns), Mexico, and Central America to C Panama. Introductions into France, Germany and republics of the former USSR.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annulatus Fischer, 1814; auspicatus Nelson, 1930; brachyurus Wiegmann, 1837; californicus Mearns, 1914; castaneus de Beaux, 1910; crassidens Hollister, 1914; dickeyi Nelson and Goldman, 1931; elucus Bangs, 1898; excelsus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; flavidus de Beaux, 1910; fusca Burmeister, 1850; fuscipes Mearns, 1914; grinnelli Nelson and Goldman, 1930; gularis H. Smith, 1848; hernandezii Wagler, 1831; hirtus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; hudsonicus Brass, 1911; incautus Nelson, 1930; inesperatus Nelson, 1930; litoreus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; marinus Nelson, 1930; maritimus Dozier, 1948; megalodous Lowery, 1943; melanus Gray, 1864; mexicana Baird, 1858; nivea Gray, 1837; obscurus Wiegmann, 1837; ochraceus Mearns, 1914; pacifica Merriam, 1899; pallidus Merriam, 1900; proteus Brass, 1911; psora Gray, 1842; pumilus Miller, 1911; rufescens de Beaux, 1910; shufeldti Nelson and Goldman, 1931; simus Gidley, 1906; solutus Nelson and Goldman, 1931; vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman, 1930; varius Nelson and Goldman, 1930; vulgaris Tiedemann, 1808.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Lotze and Anderson (1979, Mammalian Species, 119).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF3CFB88F9B91ED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3117444FF69F823F94A113B.text	41263629C3117444FF69F823F94A113B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon Storr 1780	<div><p>Procyon Storr, 1780. Prodr. Meth. Mamm., p. 35.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ursus lotor Linnaeus, 1758, by designation by Elliot (1901).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Goldman (1950) and Lotze and Anderson (1979); the later suggested gloveralleni, maynardi, and minor may be conspecific with lotor; Corbet and Hill (1986) considered gloveralleni, insularis, minor, and pygmaeus as conspecific with lotor; however, primary systematic works supporting these views are lacking.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3117444FF69F823F94A113B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF18F99AFBFA120C.text	41263629C3107445FF18F99AFBFA120C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ailurinae Gray 1843	<div><p>Subfamily Ailurinae Gray, 1843. List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus., p. xxi.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Hendy (1980«, b) placed Ailuropoda and Ailurus in tribe Ailuropodini, subfamily Agriotheriinae (Ailurinae has priority).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF18F99AFBFA120C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF23FB32F9ED1C77.text	41263629C3107445FF23FB32F9ED1C77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David 1869)	<div><p>Ailuropoda melanoleuca (David, 1869). Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull., 5:12 -13.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Mou-pin" [China, Sichuan Sheng, Baoxing (=Moupin) 30°23'N, 102°50'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: China: Sichuan, Shensi, Gansu; perhaps Qinghai, on E edge of Tibetan plateau.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Regarded by Hendey (1980«, b) as the only surviving species in the subfamily Agriotheriinae. Placed in the monotypic family Ailuropodidae by Thenius (1979). Reviewed by Chorn and Hoffmann (1978, Mammalian Species, 110).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF23FB32F9ED1C77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF1DFA6FFD4412DC.text	41263629C3107445FF1DFA6FFD4412DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards 1870	<div><p>Ailuropoda Milne-Edwards, 1870. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 5, 13(10):1.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ursus melanoleucus David, 1869, by monotypy.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Davis (1964) and Hendey (1980«). Reviewed by Chorn and Hoffmann (1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF1DFA6FFD4412DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620.text	41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ailurus F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Ailurus F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifèeres, pt. 3, 5(50), "Panda" 3 pp.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ailurus fulgens F. G. Cuvier, 1825, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Biochemical and molecular evidence has suggested that the enigmatic Ailurus is intermediate between the procyonids and the ursids (O'Brien et al., 1985; Sarich, 1973; Tagle et al., 1986; Wayne et al., 1989; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968); more closely related to ursids than to procyonids (Todd and Pressmann, 1968; Zhang and Shi, 1991); or more closely related to the procyonids than to ursids (Goldman et al., 1989). Morphological studies have pointed out the lack of any shared derived features with the procyonids (Bugge, 1978; Decker and Wozencraft, 1991; Ginsburg, 1982; Hunt, 1974; Mayr, 1986; Schmidt-Kittler, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989«, b). Flynn et al. (1988) could not find any unambiguous features to place Ailurus with the procyonids, and only two characters to unite Ailurus with some procyonids, the loss of M/ 3 (shared also with mustelids) and the presence of a cusp on P4 on some, but not all procyonids. Wozencraft (1989«) found 9 shared derived features with the Ursidae, and Decker and Wozencraft (1991) identified 6 unambiguous shared derived features of the procyonids, all of which are lacking in Ailurus. Only phenetic studies have indicated any kind of relationship to the procyonids (Gregory, 1936; Thenius, 1979) and only when compared to Procyon, a derived procyonid (Baskin, 1982, 1989; Decker and Wozencraft, 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF2FFD07FCFA162B.text	41263629C3107445FF2FFD07FCFA162B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon maynardi Bangs 1898	<div><p>Procyon maynardi Bangs, 1898. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:92.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Nassau Island, Bahamas ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Koopman et al. (1957) examined the type series and believed it to be conspecific with P. lotor.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF2FFD07FCFA162B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF2FFE22FBD816B9.text	41263629C3107445FF2FFE22FBD816B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon minor Miller 1911	<div><p>Procyon minor Miller, 1911. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 24:4.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Ponite-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Guadeloupe Isl (Lesser Antilles).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF2FFE22FBD816B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF2EFE8FFC76177C.text	41263629C3107445FF2EFE8FFC76177C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Procyon pygmaeus Merriam 1901	<div><p>Procyon pygmaeus Merriam, 1901. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 14:101.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Cozumel Island, Yucatan " (Mexico).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF2EFE8FFC76177C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3107445FF18FFBEFC4C1158.text	41263629C3107445FF18FFBEFC4C1158.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursidae Fischer 1817	<div><p>Family Ursidae Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Ailurus and Ailuropoda have been placed in a separate family by some; however, morphological and molecular evidence strongly supports the placement of Ailuropoda in this family (Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978; Davis, 1964; Goldman et al., 1989; Hendy, 1980«; O'Brien et al., 1985; Wozencraft, 1989«). Thenius (1979) placed Ailuropoda in the monotypic family Ailuropodidae, and Ailurus in the Procyonidae. The placement of Ailurus is certainly more controversial, with most phenetic studies placing it in the procyonids and most phylogenetic studies placing it near or in the ursids. See comments under Ailurus concerning its placement here. Morphological studies have supported the monophyly of three subfamilies (Hendy, 1980«; Kurtén, 1966; Thenius, 1979), although this has not been collaborated by a recent molecular approach (Goldman et al., 1989).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107445FF18FFBEFC4C1158	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF3FFE16FBB3106B.text	41263629C3137446FF3FFE16FBB3106B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ailurus fulgens F. G. Cuvier 1825	<div><p>Ailurus fulgens F. G. Cuvier, 1825. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3, 5(50), "Panda" 3 pp.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Indes orientales."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Yunnan and Szechwan (China), N Burma, Sikkim (India), Nepal.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ochraceus Hodgson, 1847; refulgens Milne-Edwards, 1868; styani Thomas, 1902.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Although this species is sometimes included in the Procyonidae because of its ringed tail, and superficial resemblance of teeth and rounded skull to Procyon, this species does not have the shared derived morphological characters that would place it there (Decker and Wozencraft, 1991). See comments under the genus. Nearly all of the derived features that it shares with Ailuropoda (and not with other bears) relate directly to feeding on bamboo (Davis, 1964; Gregory, 1936). Reviewed by Roberts and Gittleman (1984, Mammalian Species, 222).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF3FFE16FBB3106B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF69FA27F996133D.text	41263629C3137446FF69FA27F996133D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helarctos Horsfield 1825	<div><p>Helarctos Horsfield, 1825. Zool. J., 2(6):221.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Helarctos euryspilus Horsfield, 1825 (= Ursus malayanus Raffles, 1821), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1932b). Van Gelder (1977) placed Helarctos in Melursus. Pocock (1941a) first suggested the close relationship between M. ursinus and H. malayanus; however, this was not well supported by Goldman et al. (1989).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF69FA27F996133D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF3FFB17F93B1C0C.text	41263629C3137446FF3FFB17F93B1C0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helarctos malayanus (Raffles 1821)	<div><p>Helarctos malayanus (Raffles, 1821). Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 13:254.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, China (Yunnan and Szechwan), India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Laos, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: anmamiticus Heude, 1901; euryspilus Horsfield, 1825; wardi Lydekker, 1906.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF3FFB17F93B1C0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF69F46FFC741D31.text	41263629C3137446FF69F46FFC741D31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melursus Meyer 1793	<div><p>Melursus Meyer, 1793. Zool. Entdeck., p. 155.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Melursus lybius Meyer, 1793 (= Bradypus ursinus Shaw, 1791), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1932b). See comments under Helarctos concerning the relationship between these taxa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF69F46FFC741D31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF3CF50BFB6C1EAE.text	41263629C3137446FF3CF50BFB6C1EAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melursus ursinus (Shaw 1791)	<div><p>Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791). Nat. Mise., 2 (unpaged) pl. 58.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Abinteriore Bengala"; restricted by Pocock (1941a) as "Patna, north of the Ganges, Bengal" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India, north to the Indian desert and to the foothills of the Himalayas.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: inornatus Pucheran, 1855; labiatus de Blainville, 1817; longirostris Tiedemann, 1820; lybius Meyer, 1793; niger Goldfuss, 1804.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF3CF50BFB6C1EAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137446FF16F84BFBB811C4.text	41263629C3137446FF16F84BFBB811C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursinae Fischer 1817	<div><p>Subfamily Ursinae Fischer, 1817. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, 5:372.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Erdbrink (1953). Although there is general agreement as to the monophyletic origin of this subfamily, there is considerable disagreement as to the relationships within (Goldman et al., 1989; Hendy, 1980a; Thenius, 1979). Erdbrink (1953) collapsed all taxa into a broadly encompassing " Ursus "; also suggested by the hybridization criteria of Van Gelder (1977b). A consensus tree, not shown, but derived from hypotheses presented in Goldman et al. (1989) would not elucidate relationships below this level. Simpson (1945) followed Pocock (1941a) and recognized these taxa as monotypic genera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137446FF16F84BFBB811C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3137447FF14F692FC12159F.text	41263629C3137447FF14F692FC12159F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tremarctos Gervais 1855	<div><p>Tremarctos Gervais, 1855. Hist. Nat. Mammifères, 2:20.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ursus ornatus F. G. Cuvier, 1825.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Thenius (1976) argued that differences between Tremarctos and other bears warranted separation at the subfamily level, however, Kurtén (1966) and Hendey (1980a) supported its inclusion here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3137447FF14F692FC12159F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3127447FF29FDF6FBEA1711.text	41263629C3127447FF29FDF6FBEA1711.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tremarctos ornatus (F. G. Cuvier 1825)	<div><p>Tremarctos ornatus (F. G. Cuvier, 1825). In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifèeres, pt. 3, 5(50) "Ours des cordiliéres du Chili," 2 pp.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "cordiliéres du Chili," restricted by Cabrera (1958) to "los montanas al este de Trujillo, departamento de la Libertad, Peril."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Mountainous regions of W Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and W Bolivia; perhaps Panama.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: frugilegus Tschudi, 1844; lasallei Maria, 1924; majori Thomas, 1902; nasutus Sclater, 1868; thomasi Hornaday, 1911.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3127447FF29FDF6FBEA1711	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3127447FF29F8C7FD0F1310.text	41263629C3127447FF29F8C7FD0F1310.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus americanus Pallas 1780	<div><p>Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780. Spicil. Zool., 14:5.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. In Pallas' (1780) description, he refered to Brickell (1737) who implied North Carolina (USA) by stating they "are very common in this province." Palmer (1904) listed the locality as "eastern North America".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: NC Alaska to Labrador and Newfoundland (Canada), south to C California, N Nevada (USA), N Nayarit and S Tamaulipas (Mexico), and Florida (USA).</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: altifrontalis Elliot, 1903; amblyceps Baird, 1859; californiensis Miller, 1900; carlottae Osgood, 1901; cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman, 1854; emmonsii Dall, 1895; eremicus Merriam, 1904; floridanus Merriam, 1896; glacilis Kells, 1897; hamiltoni Cameron, 1957; hunteri Anderson, 1944; hylodromus Elliot, 1904; kenaiensis Allen, 1910; kermodei Hornaday, 1905; luteolus Griffith, 1821; machetes Elliot, 1903; perniger Allen, 1910; pugnax Swarth, 1911; randi Anderson, 1944; sornborgeri Bangs, 1898; vancouveri Hall, 1928.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3127447FF29F8C7FD0F1310	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0.text	41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Ursus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:47.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758, by tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Thalarctos.</p> <p>COMMENTS: The close relationship of these four species has been generally recognized by morphological and molecular studies (Goldman et al., 1989; Hendey, 1980a; Kurtén and Anderson, 1980; Shields and Kocher, 1990). Allen (1938) proposed a close relationship between thibetanus and americanus. Thenius (1953), Goldman et al. (1989), and Shields and Kocher (1991) gave support to the monophyly of arctos with maritimus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3127440FF29FB66FCD813C8.text	41263629C3127440FF29FB66FCD813C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:47.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "sylvis Europae frigidae" restricted by Thomas (1911a) to, "Northern Sweden."</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, NW Africa, all of the Palearctic from W Europe, Near and Middle East through N Himalayas to W and N China and Chukot (Russia); Hokkaido (Japan); W North America, north from N Mexico.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as U. arctos (Mexico, Bhutan, China, and Mongolia populations), U. a. isabellinus, and U. a. pruinosus; otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered as U. a. arctos in Italy, U. a. nelsoni in Mexico, and U. a. pruinosus; Threatened as U. a. horribilis in the USA (48 conterminous states); IUCN - Extinct as U. a. nelsoni.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: absarokus Merriam, 1914; alascensis Merriam, 1896; albus Gmelin, 1788; alexandrae Merriam, 1914; alpinus Fischer, 1814; andersoni Merriam, 1918; annulatus Billberg, 1827; apache Merriam, 1916; argenteus Billberg, 1827; arizonae Merriam, 1916; atnarko Merriam, 1918; aureus Fitzinger, 1855; badius Schrank, 1798; baikalensis Ognev, 1924; bairdi Merriam, 1918; beringiana Middendorff, 1853; bisonophagus Merriam, 1918; bosniensis Bolkay, 1925; brunneus Billberg, 1827; cadaverinus Eversmann, 1840; californicus Merriam, 1896; canadensis Merriam, 1914; candescens Hamilton-Smith, 1827; caucasicus Smirnov, 1919; caurinus Merriam, 1914; cavifrons Heude, 1901; chelan Merriam, 1916; chelidonias Merriam, 1918; cinereus Desmarest, 1820; collaris Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilarie, 1824; colusus Merriam, 1914; crassodon Merriam, 1918; crassus Merriam, 1918; cressonus Merriam, 1916; crowtheri Schinz, 1844; dalli Merriam, 1896; dusorgus Merriam, 1916; eltonclarki Merriam, 1914; ereunetes Merriam, 1918; eulophus Merriam, 1904; euryrhinus Nilsson, 1847; eversmanni Gray, 1864; eximius Merriam, 1916; falciger Reichenbach, 1836; ferox Temminck, 1844; formicarius Billberg, 1828;/mscms Gmelin, 1788; grandis Gray, 1864; griseus Kerr, 1792; gyas Merriam, 1902; henshawi Merriam, 1914; holzworthi Merriam, 1929; hoots Merriam, 1916; horriaeus Baird, 1858; horribilis Ord, 1815; hylodromus Elliot, 1904; idahoensis Meriam, 1918; imperator Merriam, 1914; impiger Merriam, 1918; innuitus Merriam, 1914; inopinatus Merriam, 1918; insularis Merriam, 1916; internationalis Merriam, 1914; isabellinus Horsfield, 1826; jeniseensis Ognev, 1924; kadiaki Kleinschmidt, 1911; kenaiensis Merriam, 1904; kennerleyi Merriam, 1914; kidderi Merriam, 1902; klamathensis Meriam, 1914; kluane Meriam, 1916; kodiaki Kleinschmidt, 1911; kolymensis Ognev, 1924; kwakiutl Merriam, 1916; lagomyiarius Przewalski, 1883; lasiotus Gray, 1867; lasistanicus Satunin, 1913; latifrons Merriam, 1914; leuconyx Severtzov, 1873; macfarlani Merriam, 1918; machetes Elliot, 1903; macrodon Merriam, 1918; magister Merriam, 1914; major Nilsson, 1820; mandchuricus Heude, 1898; marsicanus Altobello, 1921; melanarctos Heude, 1898; mendocinensis Merriam, 1916; meridionalis Middendorff, 1851; merriamii J. A. Allen, 1902; middendorffi Merriam, 1896; minor Nilsson, 1820; mirabilis Merriam, 1916; mirus Meriam, 1918; myrmephagus Billberg, 1827; navaho Merriam, 1914; neglectus Merriam, 1916; nelsoni Merriam, 1914; niger Gmelin, 1788; normalis Gray, 1864; nortoni Merriam, 1914; norvegicus Fischer, 1829; nuchek Merriam, 1916; ophrus Merriam, 1916; orgiloides Merriam, 1918; orgilos Merriam, 1914; oribasus Merriam, 1918; pallosi Merriam, 1916; pamirensis Ognev, 1924; pellyensis Meriam, 1918; persicus Lönnberg, 1925; perturbons Merriam, 1918; pervagor Merriam, 1914; phaeonyx Merriam, 1904; piscator Pucheran, 1855; planiceps Merriam, 1918; polonicus Gray, 1864; pruinosus Blyth, 1854; pulchellus Merriam, 1918; pyrenaicus Fischer, 1829; richardsoni Swainson, 1838; rogersi Merriam, 1918; rossicus Gray, 1864; rufus Borkhausen, 1797; rungiusi Merriam, 1918; russelli Merriam, 1914; sagittalis Merriam, 1918; scandinavicus Gray, 1864; schmitzi Matschie, 1917; selkirki Merriam, 1916; shanorum Thomas, 1906; sheldoni Merriam, 1910; shirasi Merriam, 1914; shoshone Merriam, 1914; sibiricus Gray, 1864; sitkeenensis Merriam, 1914; sitkensis Merriam, 1896; smirnovi Lönnberg, 1925; stenorostris Gray, 1864; syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828; tahltanicus Merriam, 1914; texensis Merriam, 1914; toklat Merriam, 1914; townsendi Merriam, 1916; tularensis Merriam, 1918; tundrensis Merriam, 1914; ursus Boddaert, 1772; utahensis Merriam, 1914; warburtoni Merriam, 1916; washake Merriam, 1916; yesoensis Lydekker, 1897.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Couturier (1954), Rausch (1963a), Kurtén (1973), and Hall (1984). Ognev (1931) and Allen (1938) recognized If. pruinosus as distinct; not followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Gao (1987), and Strognov (1962). Lönnberg (1923b) believed that differences between pruinosus and arctos warranted subgeneric distinction as (Mylarctos) pruinosus; however, this was not supported by Pocock's (1932a) thorough revision.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3127440FF29FB66FCD813C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3157440FF23FBC0F9321DE8.text	41263629C3157440FF23FBC0F9321DE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus maritimus Phipps 1774	<div><p>Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774. Voyage Towards North Pole, p. 185.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "on the main land of Spitsbergen" [Norway].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Circumpolar in the Arctic, S limits determined by ice pack.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: eogroenlandicus Knotterus-Meyer, 1908; groenlandicus Birula, 1932; jenaensis Knotterus-Meyer, 1908; labradorensis Knotterus-Meyer, 1908; marinus Pallas, 1776; polaris Shaw, 1792; spitzbergensis Knotterus-Meyer, 1908; ungavensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1908.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Wilson (1976). Reviewed by DeMaster and Stirling (1981, Mammalian Species, 145). Placed in subgenus Thalarctos by Gromov and Baranova (1981). Sister species to arctos (Goldman et al., 1989; Shields and Kocher, 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3157440FF23FBC0F9321DE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3157441FF20F5E1FB3B1658.text	41263629C3157441FF20F5E1FB3B1658.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ursus thibetanus G. [Baron] Cuvier 1823	<div><p>Ursus thibetanus G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1823. Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed., 4:325.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Cet ours a été trouvé d'abord par M. Wallich dans les montagnes du Napaul, et je l'ai rencontré également dans celles du Sylhet" [India, Assam, Sylhet].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, China, India, Indochina, Japan, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Russia (SE Primorski Krai), Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered as U. t. gedrosianus; IUCN - Endangered as If. t. gedrosianus, otherwise Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: arboreus Gray, 1864; clarki Sowerby, 1920; formosanus Swinhoe, 1864; gedrosianus Blanford, 1877; japonicus Schlegel, 1857; laniger Pocock, 1932; leuconyx Heude, 1901; macneilli Lydekker, 1909; melli Matschie, 1922; mupinensis Heude, 1901; rexi Matschie, 1897; torquatus Wagner, 1841; ussuricus Heude, 1901; wulsini Howell, 1928.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Placed in subgenus Selenarctos by Gromov and Baranova (1981); and in subgenus Euarctos by Thenius (1979). Allen (1938) suggested a close relationship to U. americanus; Pocock (1932&amp;) retained in a separate genus, there is molecular support for both positions (Goldman et al., 1989).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3157441FF20F5E1FB3B1658	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FF0EF8F4FBBD11C2.text	41263629C3147441FF0EF8F4FBBD11C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoprocta Bennett 1833	<div><p>Cryptoprocta Bennett, 1833. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833:46.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cryptoprocta ferox Bennett, 1833, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Beaumont (1964) placed Cryptoprocta with the Felidae because of similarities in dental characters. Albignac (1970), Thenius (1972), Radinsky (1975), Coetzee (1977b), Flynn et al. (1988), and Wozencraft (1989a, b) placed it in the Viverridae; Hemmer (1978) suggested an intermediate position.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FF0EF8F4FBBD11C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FED7FA39F92F12D1.text	41263629C3147441FED7FA39F92F12D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoprocta ferox Bennett 1833	<div><p>Cryptoprocta ferox Bennett, 1833. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1833:46.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Madagascar ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: typicus A. Smith, 1834.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Köhncke and Leonhardt (1986, Mammmalian Species, 254).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FED7FA39F92F12D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FF0CFFF3F91C10B1.text	41263629C3147441FF0CFFF3F91C10B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoproctinae Gray 1865	<div><p>Subfamily Cryptoproctinae Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:508 [1865].</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Cryptoprocta Bennett, 1833, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987). Considered a subfamily of felids by Gregory and Hellman (1939) and Beaumont (1964). There is disagreement as to the proper subfamilies for the Malagasy viverrids; see Pocock (1915a), Petter (1974), and Wozencraft (1989a, b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FF0CFFF3F91C10B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FF00F441FA881D64.text	41263629C3147441FF00F441FA881D64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eupleres Doyere 1835	<div><p>Eupleres Doyère, 1835. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat., 3:45.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Eupleres goudotii Doyère, 1835, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Gregory and Hellman (1939) followed Chenu (1852), and suggested placing Eupleres in a separate family; however, Albignac (1973, 1974), Petter (1974), Coetzee (1977b), and Wozencraft (1989a) included it in Viverridae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FF00F441FA881D64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FED6F55BFAB21EAA.text	41263629C3147441FED6F55BFAB21EAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eupleres goudotii Doyere 1835	<div><p>Eupleres goudotii Doyère, 1835. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat., 3:45.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Tamatave" [Madagascar, 18° 10'S, 49°23'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. IUCN - Vulnerable; considered by IUCN to have high conservation priority status for viverrids (Schreiber et al., 1989).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: major Lavauden, 1929.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Includes E. major (Albignac, 1973; Coetzee, 1977b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FED6F55BFAB21EAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FF0EFB13F9381C7C.text	41263629C3147441FF0EFB13F9381C7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euplerinae Chenu 1852	<div><p>Subfamily Euplerinae Chenu, 1852. Ency. Hist. Nat., 21:165.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Eupleres Doyère, 1835, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987) for those who consider Eupleres and Hemigalus in different family groups. There is disagreement as to the subfamilies for Malagasy viverrids; Pocock (1915a) placed Fossa in the SE Asian Hemigalinae. The evidence for this is weak (Albignac, 1973; Wozencraft, 1989a). Gregory and Hellman (1939), Albignac (1974), and Petter (1974), placed it in Fossinae; however, Eupleridae Chenu, 1852, is the senior synonym.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FF0EFB13F9381C7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3147441FF0FFE9AFBCC17B1.text	41263629C3147441FF0FFE9AFBCC17B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverridae Gray 1821	<div><p>Family Viverridae Gray, 1821. London Med. Repos., 1821:301.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Viverra Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987). Does not include subfamilies Herpestinae Bonaparte, 1845, or Galidiinae Gray, 1865; see Pocock (1916c, 1919), Gregory and Hellman (1939), Wurster and Benirschke (1968), Thenius (1972), Radinsky (1975), Hunt (1987), Flynn et al. (1988), and Wozencraft (1989a, b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3147441FF0FFE9AFBCC17B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF0DF8BEFC75118C.text	41263629C3177442FF0DF8BEFC75118C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrotogale owstoni Thomas 1912	<div><p>Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1912(106):17.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Yen-bay, on the Song-koi River, Tonkin " [Vietnam: Yen Bay on the Songhoi River; 21°43'N 104°54'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: China (Yunnan, Guangxi), Laos, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known; considered by IUCN to have high conservation priority status for viverrids (Schreiber et al., 1989).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1933d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF0DF8BEFC75118C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF67F826FAE81045.text	41263629C3177442FF67F826FAE81045.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrotogale Thomas 1912	<div><p>Chrotogale Thomas, 1912. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1912(106):17.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF67F826FAE81045	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF0AFA5EFE5F1C2C.text	41263629C3177442FF0AFA5EFE5F1C2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynogale bennettii Gray 1837	<div><p>Cynogale bennettii Gray, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836:88 [1837].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. IUCN - Insufficiently known; Cynogale populations from Vietnam (C. lowei) considered by IUCN to have high conservation priority status for viverrids (Schreiber et al., 1989).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: barbatus Müller, 1838; carcharias de Blainville, 1837; lowei Pocock, 1933.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1933d). Includes C. lowei, which is only known from the type, a poorly preserved juvenile skin from N Vietnam (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF0AFA5EFE5F1C2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF67F9EFFA8C1265.text	41263629C3177442FF67F9EFFA8C1265.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynogale Gray 1837	<div><p>Cynogale Gray, 1837. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836:88 [1837].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Cyongale bennettii Gray, 1837, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Lamictis de Blainville, 1837; Potamophilus Müller, 1838.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF67F9EFFA8C1265	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF0AF4A5FDA01E16.text	41263629C3177442FF0AF4A5FDA01E16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplogale hosei (Thomas 1892)	<div><p>Diplogale hosei (Thomas, 1892) Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, 9:250.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Mount Dulit, N. Borneo, 4000 ft " [Malaysia, Sarawak, Gunung Dulit, 3°15'N, 114°15'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Thomas published two accounts of the type description in 1892, one printed in August (Thomas, 1892a), and another printed in October (Thomas, 1892b). Although Pocock (1933d) supported Thomas (1912) in separating this species into Diplogale; Chasen (1940), Medway (1977), and Payne et al. (1985) did not. Similiar differences in pelage and dentition have been used elsewhere (e.g., Osbornictis vs. Genetta) at the generic level.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF0AF4A5FDA01E16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF67F40EFA951CAC.text	41263629C3177442FF67F40EFA951CAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplogale Thomas 1912	<div><p>Diplogale Thomas, 1912. Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1912(106):18.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Hemigale hosei Thomas, 1892, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF67F40EFA951CAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF0DFD9EFDC416EE.text	41263629C3177442FF0DFD9EFDC416EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fossa fossana (Muller 1776)	<div><p>Fossa fossana (Müller, 1776). Linné's Vollstand, Natursyst., Suppl., p. 32.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Madagascar ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Madagascar.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: d'aubentonii Gray, 1865; fossa Schreber, 1777; majori Dollman, 1909.</p> <p>COMMENTS: The commonly used Viverra fossa Schreber, 1777, is a junior synonym (G. Petter, 1962, 1974).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF0DFD9EFDC416EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF66FD08F9E315A6.text	41263629C3177442FF66FD08F9E315A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fossa Gray 1865	<div><p>Fossa Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:518 [1865].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Fossa d'aubentonii Gray, 1865 (= Viverra Fossana Müller, 1776).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF66FD08F9E315A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177442FF64FECFFDCC17C3.text	41263629C3177442FF64FECFFDCC17C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemigalinae Gray 1865	<div><p>Subfamily Hemigalinae Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:508 [1865].</p> <p>COMMENTS: Simpson (1945) also included Eupleres and Fossa, following Pocock (1915a). Pocock (1933d) and Gregory and Hellman (1939) placed Cinogale in the monotypic Cynogalinae, although both recognized the close relationship of Cynogale to other hemigalines. Placed in Hemigalinae by Simpson (1945) and Ellerman and MorrisonScott (1951).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177442FF64FECFFDCC17C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3177443FF64F659FCAC1578.text	41263629C3177443FF64F659FCAC1578.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemigalus Jourdan 1837	<div><p>Hemigalus Jourdan, 1837. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 5:442.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Hemigalus zebra Gervais, 1841 (= Paradoxùrus Derbyànus Gray, 1837), by monotypy.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Hemigale Gray, 1865.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3177443FF64F659FCAC1578	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FED0FBE5FC201D57.text	41263629C3167443FED0FBE5FC201D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctictis binturong (Raffles 1821)	<div><p>Arctictis binturong (Raffles, 1821). Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13:253.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Malacca ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), India (incl. Sikkim), Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippine Isis (Palawan), Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: albifrons F. G. Cuvier, 1822; ater F. G. Cuvier and E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824; gairdneri Thomas, 1916; niasensis Lyon, 1916; pageli Schwarz, 1911; penicillatus Temminck, 1835; whitei Allen, 1910.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1933d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FED0FBE5FC201D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FF0AFACEFAE013ED.text	41263629C3167443FF0AFACEFAE013ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctictis Temminck 1824	<div><p>Arctictis Temminck, 1824. Prospectus de Monographies de Mammifères, p. xxi. [issued March, 1824].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra ? binturong Raffles, 1821, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Ictides Valenciennes, 1825.</p> <p>COMMENTS: First placed in Paradoxurinae by Gray (1869).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FF0AFACEFAE013ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C316743CFF0DF59BF97C1553.text	41263629C316743CFF0DF59BF97C1553.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctogalidia Merriam 1897	<div><p>Arctogalidia Merriam, 1897. Science, 5:302.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Paradoxurus trivirgatus Gray, 1832, by monotypy through the replaced name Arctogale Gray, 1865 (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Arctogale Gray, 1865.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Gray's (1864 [1865]) generic name stood until Merriam (1897) pointed out that the name Arctogale was preoccupied (= Arctogale erminea Kaup, 1829). First placed in the Paradoxurinae by Gray (1869); later separated into the monotypic Arctogalidinae by Pocock (1933d), and followed by Gregory and Hellman (1939); however, Simpson (1945), and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) retained it in Paradoxurinae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C316743CFF0DF59BF97C1553	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FEDFFD51FB941716.text	41263629C3167443FEDFFD51FB941716.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray 1837)	<div><p>Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray, 1837). Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's], 1:579.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Fixed by Gray (1837) as "in Peninsulâ Malayanâ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular Burma, Indonesia (Sipora Isl, South Pagi Isl, Borneo, Sumatra), Malaysia, Thailand.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: boiei Müller, 1838; derbianus Thomas, 1915; derbyi Temminck, 1841; incursor Thomas, 1915; invisus Gray, 1830; minor Miller, 1913; zebra Gray, 1837.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Gervais (1841) was the first to place in Hemigalus. Gray (1849) later considered Paradoxurus derbyanus a junior synonym of Viverra hardwicki Gray, 1830, and placed it also in the genus Hemigalea after Jourdan (1837). However, V. hardwicki is a junior synonym of Prionodon linsang Raffles, 1821.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FEDFFD51FB941716	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FED1F91DFB0C126C.text	41263629C3167443FED1F91DFB0C126C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nandinia binotata (Gray 1830)	<div><p>Nandinia binotata (Gray, 1830). Spicil. Zool., 2:9.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa, Ashantee" [Ghana; Ashanti Region; aproximately at 6°55'N 0°32'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: gerrardi Thomas, 1893; hamiltonii Gray, 1832.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FED1F91DFB0C126C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FF0BF886F9481125.text	41263629C3167443FF0BF886F9481125.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nandinia Gray 1843	<div><p>Nandinia Gray, 1843. List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 54.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra binotata Gray, 1830, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FF0BF886F9481125	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FF09FF58F98D10A3.text	41263629C3167443FF09FF58F98D10A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nandiniinae Pocock 1929	<div><p>Subfamily Nandiniinae Pocock, 1929. Ency. Brit. (ed. 14), 3:898.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Nandinia Gray, 1843, by monotypy. Listed in Nandiniinae by Gregory and Hellman (1939), and Coetzee (1977b); separated at the family level by Pocock (1929), and Hunt (1987). Although Nandinia shares many derived features of the scent gland and external morphology with the viverrids (especially the Paradoxurinae), Hunt (1987) felt that the retention of the primitive features of the auditory bullae were sufficient to warrant separation at the family level.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FF09FF58F98D10A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C3167443FF08FA4DFB3A12EC.text	41263629C3167443FF08FA4DFB3A12EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoxurinae Gray 1865	<div><p>Subfamily Paradoxurinae Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864:508 [1865].</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Paradoxurus F. G. Cuvier, 1821.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3167443FF08FA4DFB3A12EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C369743CFF32FDAAFC111083.text	41263629C369743CFF32FDAAFC111083.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arctogalidia trivirgata (Gray 1832)	<div><p>Arctogalidia trivirgata (Gray, 1832). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832:68.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "from a specimen in the Leyden Museum, sent from the Moluccas ", restricted by Jentink (1887) to " Java, Buitenzorg" [= Indonesia, Java, Bogor] but see comments.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Burma, China (Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate as A. t. trilineata.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: bancana Schwarz, 1913; bicolor Miller, 1913; depressa Miller, 1913; fusca Miller, 1906; inornata Miller, 1901; leucotis Horsfield, 1851; macra Miller, 1913; major Miller, 1906; melli Matschie, 1922; millsi Wroughton, 1921; mima Miller, 1913; minor Lyon, 1907; simplex Miller, 1902; stigmaticus Temminck, 1853; sumatrana Lyon, 1908; tingia Lyon, 1908; trilineatus Wagner, 1841.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1933d) and Van Bemmel (1952). Gray (1832) originally described the type from the " Moluccas "; later Temminck (1841) refered to the same specimen as being from " Java ". Gray (1843), then corrected the presumed geographic error and listed the same type as from " Malacca ". Jentink (1887) listed the same type from "Buitenzorg". However, Van Bemmel (1952) stated that the collector, Reinwardt, was in the eastern part of the Indo-Australian Archipelago in 1821 and the type did not match other specimens from Java.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C369743CFF32FDAAFC111083	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C369743CFF32F953FC9A1324.text	41263629C369743CFF32F953FC9A1324.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrogalidia musschenbroekii (Schlegel 1877)	<div><p>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii (Schlegel, 1877). Prosp. mus. pubi., 1877.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in the Northern parts of the isle of Celebes", restriced by Jentink (1887), to " Celebes, Menado-Kinilo" [Indonesia, Kinilou, 1 °22'N, 124°51' E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia (Sulawesi).</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Rare.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Schlegel (1877) circulated an unnumbered "Prospectus," for the "Annals of the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden", which contained the first mention of the new species. The prospectus was to preceed the first issue of the new "Annals" which was never printed. He republished the type description in the Notes of the Leyden Museum, (1879).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C369743CFF32F953FC9A1324	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C369743CFF6CF8E5FABA117A.text	41263629C369743CFF6CF8E5FABA117A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrogalidia Schwarz 1910	<div><p>Macrogalidia Schwarz, 1910. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 8:423.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Paradoxurus musschenbroekii Schlegel, 1877, by monotypy.</p> <p>COMMENTS: First placed in the Paradoxurinae by Pocock (1933d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C369743CFF6CF8E5FABA117A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C369743CFF6CFB06F8C3139A.text	41263629C369743CFF6CFB06F8C3139A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paguma Gray 1831	<div><p>Paguma Gray, 1831. Proc. Comm. Sci. and Corres. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831:94.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Gulo larvatus C. E. Hfamilton] Smith, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Pocock (1933c). First placed in the Paradoxurinae by Gray (1864).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C369743CFF6CFB06F8C3139A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C369743DFF33FBF2FDBF158A.text	41263629C369743DFF33FBF2FDBF158A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paguma larvata (C. E. H. Smith 1827)	<div><p>Paguma larvata (C. E. Hamilton] Smith, 1827). In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom, 2:281.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Fixed by Temminck (1841) as " Nepal ". Gray (1864) discounted this because he knew of no specimens from Nepal, and reassigned the name to two specimens from Canton, China collected by J. R. Reeve (Pocock, 1934a).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China (Hainan Dao north to Hopei, Shanxi and the vicinity of Beijing), India (and S Andaman Isis), Indonesia (N Borneo, Sumatra), Japan (introduced), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: annectens Robinson and Kloss, 1918; aurata Blainville, 1842; grayi Bennett, 1835; hainana Thomas, 1909; intrudens Wroughton, 1910; janetta Thomas, 1928; jourdanii Gray, 1837; laniger Hodgson, 1841; lanigerus Hodgson, 1836; leucocephala Gray,, 1850; leucomystax Gray, 1837; neglecta Pocock, 1934; nigriceps Pocock, 1939; nipalensis Hodgson, 1836; ogilbyi Fraser, 1849; pallasii Otto, 1835; reevesi Matschie, 1908; rivalis Thomas, 1921; robustus Miller, 1906; rubidus Blyth, 1858; taivana Swinhoe, 1862; tytlerii Tytler, 1864; vagans Kloss, 1919; wroughtoni Schwarz, 1913; yunalis Thomas, 1921.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1934b) included Paradoxurus tytlerii. The "imperfect, no doubt immature skin, without skull (B.M. no. 43.1.12.103)" (Pocock, 1941a:416) provisionally recognized by Pocock as P. lanigera does not contain diagnostic features that would definitively align the specimen with Paguma (Ellerman and MorrisonScott, 1951).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C369743DFF33FBF2FDBF158A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFF32F626F90C1E93.text	41263629C368743DFF32F626F90C1E93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Civettictis Pocock 1915	<div><p>Civettictis Pocock, 1915. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1915:134.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra civetta Schreber, 1776, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Included in Viverra by Coetzee (19776); recognized as Civettictis by Rosevear (1974), Kingdon (1977), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), and Wozencraft (19896).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFF32F626F90C1E93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFF33FDEBFC25168F.text	41263629C368743DFF33FDEBFC25168F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoxurus F. G. Cuvier 1821	<div><p>Paradoxurus F. G. Cuvier, 1821. In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2, 3(24):15 "Martre des Palmiers" and pl. 186.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Paradoxurus typus F. G. Cuvier, 1821 (= Viverra hermaphrodita Pallas, 1777), by indication (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Revised by Pocock (1933c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFF33FDEBFC25168F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFED8FE85F94D12D8.text	41263629C368743DFED8FE85F94D12D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Pallas 1777)	<div><p>Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Pallas, 1777). In Schreber, Die Säugethiere, 3(25):426, [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Uncertain. "Das Vaterland des beschreibenen Thieres ist die Barbarey".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippine Isis, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; scattered records in Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Aru Isis, probably resulting from introductions.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India); IUCN - Endangered as P. lignicolor.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: baritensis Lönnberg, 1925; birmanicus Wroughton, 1917; bondar Desmarest, 1820; brunneipes Miller, 1906; canescens Lyon, 1907; canus Miller, 1913; celebensis Schwarz, 1911; cochinensis Schwarz, 1911; crassiceps Pucheran, 1855; crossi Gray, 1832; dubius Gray, 1832; exitus Schwarz, 1911; felinus Wagner, 1841; fossa Marsden, 1811; fuliginosus Gray, 1832; fuscus Miller, 1913; hamiltonii Gray, 1832; hanieli Schwarz, 1912; hirsutus Hodgson, 1836; javanica Horsfield, 1824; kangeanus Thomas, 1910; kutensis Chasen and Kloss, 1916; laneus Pocock, 1934; laotum Gyldenstolpe, 1917; lehmanni Mertens, 1929; leucopus Ogilby, 1829; lignicolor Miller, 1903; macrodus Gray, 1865; milleri Kloss, 1908; minax Thomas, 1909; minor Bonhote, 1903; musanga Raffles, 1822; musangoides Gray, 1837; nictitatans Taylor, 1891; niger Blanford, 1885; nigra Desmarest, 1820; nigrifrons Gray, 1843; padangus Lyon, 1908; pallasii Gray, 1832; pallens Miller, 1913; parvus Miller, 1913; pennantii Gray, 1832; philippinensis F. G. Cuvier, 1837; prehensilis Desmarest, 1820; pugnax Miller, 1913; pulcher Miller, 1913; quadriscriptus Horsfield, 1855; ravus Miller, 1913; rindjanicus Mertens, 1929; robustus Miller, 1906; rubidus Blyth, 1858; sabanus Thomas, 1909; sacer Miller, 1913; scindiae Pocock, 1934; senex Miller, 1913; setosus Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853; siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1927; simplex Miller, 1913; strictis Horsfield, 1855; sumatrensis Fischer, 1829; sumbanus Schwarz, 1910; torvus Thomas, 1909; typus F. G. Cuvier and E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1821; vellerosus Pocock, 1934; vicinus Schwarz, 1910.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFED8FE85F94D12D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFEDBFB30FC891C29.text	41263629C368743DFEDBFB30FC891C29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoxurus jerdoni Blanford 1885	<div><p>Paradoxurus jerdoni Blanford, 1885. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885:613.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Kodaikanal, on the Paini (or Pulney) hills in the Madura district, Madras Presidency" [India, Tamil Nadu Province, Paini Hills, Kodaikanal; 10°15'N, 77°31'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S India.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India); IUCN - Indeterminate.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: caniscus Pocock, 1933.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFEDBFB30FC891C29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFED8F420FAA31CEC.text	41263629C368743DFED8F420FAA31CEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradoxurus zeylonensis (Pallas 1777)	<div><p>Paradoxurus zeylonensis (Pallas, 1777). In Schreber, Die Säugethiere, 3(26):451 [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Cenlon" [= Sri Lanka].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Sri Lanka.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aureus F. G. Cuvier, 1822; montanus Kelaart, 1852.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFED8F420FAA31CEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C368743DFF33F4CEFA051DC3.text	41263629C368743DFF33F4CEFA051DC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverrinae Gray 1821	<div><p>Subfamily Viverrinae Gray, 1821. London Med. Repos., 15:301.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Type genus: Viverra Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987). Pocock (1933d) and Gregory and Hellman (1939) placed Poiana and Prionodon in the Prionodontinae, considered a sister group to the remaining viverrines. This was not followed by Gill (1872), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Rosevear (1974), and Wozencraft (1989b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C368743DFF33F4CEFA051DC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36B743EFF3EFD0FF92A178D.text	41263629C36B743EFF3EFD0FF92A178D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Civettictis civetta (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Civettictis civetta (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(16):pl. 111 (1776]; text 3(24):418, 3:index, p. 587(1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea, Kongo, das Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung und Aethiopien", restricted by Allen (1924: 117) to " Guinea ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroonn, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Botswana).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: australis Lundholm, 1955; congica Cabrera, 1929; matschiei Pocock, 1933; megaspila Noack, 1891; orientalis Matschie, 1891; poortmanni Pucheran, 1855; schwarzi Cabrera, 1929; volkmanni Lundholm, 1955.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Some authors have placed this species in Viverra, see Coetzee (19776); most have followed Pocock (19156), who placed this species in Civettictis. Rosevear (1974) noted differences in scent glands; G. Petter (1969) discussed dental differences.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36B743EFF3EFD0FF92A178D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36B743EFF3FF8E0FC8F11F7.text	41263629C36B743EFF3FF8E0FC8F11F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta abyssinica (Ruppell 1836)	<div><p>Genetta abyssinica (Rüppell, 1836). Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth., 1:33.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "In Abyssinien, wo es sehr häufig vorkömmt, führt es beiden Landeseingebornen zu Gondar"; Ethiopia, Gondar (12°36'N, 37°28'E).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Pseudogenetta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36B743EFF3FF8E0FC8F11F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36B743EFF3FF9CFFCE51291.text	41263629C36B743EFF3FF9CFFCE51291.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta angolensis Bocage 1882	<div><p>Genetta angolensis Bocage, 1882. J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1, 9:29.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Calcuimba" (= Angola, Caconda (13°47'S, 15°08'E)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: hintoni Schwarz, 1929; mossambica Matschie, 1902.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Genetta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36B743EFF3FF9CFFCE51291	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36B743EFF69FFEEFBBB10E7.text	41263629C36B743EFF69FFEEFBBB10E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta G. Cuvier 1816	<div><p>Genetta G. Cuvier, 1816. Regne Anim., 1:156.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra genetta Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Paragenetta, Pseudogenetta.</p> <p>COMMENTS: For reviews, see Crawford-Cabral (1966, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1981), Rosevear (1974), Coetzee (19776), Schlawe (1980, 1981), and Wozencraft (1984, 19896). Includes Paragenetta and Pseudogenetta as subgenera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36B743EFF69FFEEFBBB10E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36B743FFF3EFAE8F90E162D.text	41263629C36B743FFF3EFAE8F90E162D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta genetta (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Genetta genetta (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:45.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "oriente juxta rivos", restricted by Linnaeus (1766) to "oriente juxta rivos, Hispania", later listed by Thomas (1911a) as " Spain ". Cabrera (1914), synonymizing G. peninsulas, further restricted the type locality to "El Pardo, cerca de Madrid " [Spain, El Pardo, near Madrid (40°32'N, 3°46'W)].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Belgium, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Holland, Kenya, Lybia, Liberia, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Orange Free State, Portugal, Senegal, Spain, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Rare as G. g. isabelae.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: afra F. G. Cuvier, 1825; albipes Trouessart, 1904; balearica Thomas, 1902; barbar Matschie, 1902; barbara Hamilton-Smith, 1842; bella Matschie, 1902; bonapartei Loche, 1857; communis Burnett, 1830; dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; felina Thunberg, 1811; gallica Oken, 1816; grantii Thomas, 1902; guardafuensis Neumann, 1902; hararensis Neumann, 1902; hispanica Oken, 1816; leptura Reichenbach, 1836; ludia Thomas and Schwann, 1906; macrura Jentink, 1892; mêlas de la Paz Graells, 1897; neumanni Matschie, 1902; peninsulas Cabrera, 1905; pulchra Matschie, 1902; rhodanica Matschie, 1902; senegalensis Fischer, 1829; tedescoi de Beaux, 1924; terraesanctae Neumann, 1902; vulgaris Lesson, 1827.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Genetta. Schlawe (1981) included afra, bonapartei, barbar, barbara, balearica, lusitanica, mêlas, peninsulae, pyrenaica, terraesanctae, rhodanica, and isabelae; and provisionally separated into G. felina the following: guardafuensis, hararensis, leptura, senegalensis, dongolana, granii, neumanni, bella, pulchra, and ludia, which are included here, following Crawford-Cabral (1966, 1969; 1981), Coetzee (19776), Smithers (1983), and Wozencraft (1984, 1989b). Rosevear (1974) separated senegalensis from genetta; however, this was not followed by Coetzee (1977b), Kingdon (1977), Ansell (1978), Crawford-Cabral (1981), or Wozencraft (1989b). Wozencraft (1984) recognized four allopatric populations: genetta (Meditrerrean), dongolana (East African), felina (South African), and senegalensis (West African).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36B743FFF3EFAE8F90E162D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36A743FFEDBFE27FC8C1715.text	41263629C36A743FFEDBFE27FC8C1715.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta johnstoni Pocock 1908	<div><p>Genetta johnstoni Pocock, 1908. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1907:1041 [1908].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in a district from fifteen to twenty miles west of the Putu Mountains, which lie west of the Duobe and Cavally Rivers". [Liberia]</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lehmanni Kuhn, 1960.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Paragenetta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36A743FFEDBFE27FC8C1715	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36A743FFEDAFF6CFBB01314.text	41263629C36A743FFEDAFF6CFBB01314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta maculata (Gray 1830)	<div><p>Genetta maculata (Gray, 1830). Spicil. Zool., 2:9.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "in Africa Boreali".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, French Equatorial Africa, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aequatorialis Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866; albiventris Schwarz, 1930; amer Gray, 1843; bettoni Thomas, 1902; bini Rosevear, 1974; deorum Funaiolo and Simonetta, 1960; dubia Matschie, 1902; erlangen Matschie, 1902; fieldiana Du Chaillu, 1860; genettoides Temminck, 1853; gleimi Matschie, 1902; insularis Cabrera, 1921; letabae Thomas and Schwann, 1906; loandae Matschie, 1930; matschiei Neumann, 1902; pantherina Hamilton-Smith, 1842; pardina I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1832; poensis Waterhouse, 1838; pumila Hollister, 1916; rubiginosa Pucheran, 1855; schraderi Matschie, 1902; soror Schwarz, 1929; stuhlmanni Matschie, 1902; suahelica Matschie, 1902; zambesiana Matschie, 1902; zuluensis Roberts, 1924.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Schlawe (1981) included aequatorialis, amer (sensu Schwartz, 1930), bini (not a synonym of servalina), deorum, dubia, erlangen, fieldiana, genettoides, gleimi, insularis, letabae, matschiei, pantherina, pardina, poensis, pumila, rubiginosa, schraderi, stuhlmanni, suahelica, and zambesiana. May be conspecific with tigrina; see Cotezee (1977b), Pringle (1977), and Schlawe (1981); but also see Ansell (1978) and Wozencraft (1984). Crawford-Cabral (1981) and Ansell (1978) placed genets west of the Dahomey Gap in pardina and southern and eastern populations in rubiginosa (except for the extreme southern tigrina).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36A743FFEDAFF6CFBB01314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36A743FFEDAFB6CF9B61CDC.text	41263629C36A743FFEDAFB6CF9B61CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta servalina Pucheran 1855	<div><p>Genetta servalina Pucheran, 1855. Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, 7(2):154.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Gabon ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Niger, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: aubryana Pucheran, 1855; bettoni Thomas, 1902; cristata Hayman, 1940; intensa Lönnberg, 1917.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Includes cristata, bettoni, and aubryana, but not bini, which is here considered a junior synonym of maculata; see Crawford-Cabral (1970:323), Wenzel and Haltenorth (1972), Coetzee (1977b), and Schlawe (1981); but also see Rosevear (1974) and Crawford-Cabral (1981), who recognized cristata as a separate species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36A743FFEDAFB6CF9B61CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36A743FFEDAF534F9C91E7A.text	41263629C36A743FFEDAF534F9C91E7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta thierryi Matschie 1902	<div><p>Genetta thierryi Matschie, 1902. Verh. V. Internat. Zool. Congr., 1901: 1142.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Hinterland von Togo von 9° n. Br. ab", restricted to "Borogu = Borgou, (10.78 N., 0.65 E)?" by Schlawe (1981: 159).</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Togo.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: villersi Dekeyser, 1949.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Pseudogenetta. Includes Pseudogenetta villiersi, see Kuhn (1960), Crawford-Cabral (1969, 1981), Rosevear (1974), and Schlawe (1981).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36A743FFEDAF534F9C91E7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36A7438FEDBF653F95B162B.text	41263629C36A7438FEDBF653F95B162B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta tigrina (Schreber 1776)	<div><p>Genetta tigrina (Schreber, 1776). Die Säugethiere, 3(17):pl. 115 [1776]; text, 3(25):425 [1777].</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "von dem Vorgebirge der guten Hofnug" [South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: From the Cape of Good Hope to S Natal (South Africa), Lesotho, and Orange Free State.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: methi Roberts, 1948.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Genetta. May be conspecific with maculata; see Crawford-Cabral (1966), Pringle (1977), Ansell (1978), Schlawe (1981), and Meester et al. (1986).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36A7438FEDBF653F95B162B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF3CFE22FCE5173A.text	41263629C36D7438FF3CFE22FCE5173A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Genetta victoriae Thomas 1901	<div><p>Genetta victoriae Thomas, 1901. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901 (2):87.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Entebbe, Uganda ". Subsequently restricted by Moreau et al. (1945:410) to "Near Lupanzula's, ten miles west of Beni, Ituri Forest, Congo Beige". See Allen (1924) for discussion.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: E Zaire, mountainous regions.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Subgenus Genetta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF3CFE22FCE5173A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF69FF7DFCB61795.text	41263629C36D7438FF69FF7DFCB61795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osbornictis J. A. Allen 1919	<div><p>Osbornictis J. A. Allen, 1919. J. Mammal., 1:25.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Osbornictis piscivora J. A. Allen, 1919, by original designation.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Sister taxon to Genetta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF69FF7DFCB61795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF3FFFEAFA061056.text	41263629C36D7438FF3FFFEAFA061056.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osbornictis piscivora J. A. Allen 1919	<div><p>Osbornictis piscivora J. A. Allen, 1919. J. Mammal., 1:25.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Niapu, Belgian Congo " [Zaire, Niapu, 2°25'N, 26°28'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Zaire.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Reviewed by Van Rompaey (1988, Mammalian Species, 309).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF3FFFEAFA061056	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF6BF89AFB72115D.text	41263629C36D7438FF6BF89AFB72115D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poiana Gray 1865	<div><p>Poiana Gray, 1865. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864:507, 520 [1865].</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Genetta richardsonii Thomson, 1842, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1933d) believed it very likely that richardsonii pocessed scent glands and therefore separated it from Prionodon, although it is the loss of scent glands in Prionodon which is derived (Wozencraft, 1984).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF6BF89AFB72115D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF31F9B3FC1612F8.text	41263629C36D7438FF31F9B3FC1612F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poiana richardsonii (Thomson 1842)	<div><p>Poiana richardsonii (Thomson, 1842). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 10:204.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Fernando Po " [Equatorial Guinea: Bioko].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Zaire.</p> <p>STATUS: IUCN - Indeterminate as P. r. liberiensis.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: leightoni Pocock, 1908; poensis Mivart, 1882.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Rosevear (1974) raised leightoni to the specific level. Poiana records are few and scattered and recent studies placed leightoni as a subspecies; see de Beaufort (1965), Michaelis (1972), and Kingdon (1977).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF31F9B3FC1612F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF6AFB3AFB5813AF.text	41263629C36D7438FF6AFB3AFB5813AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionodon Horsfield 1821	<div><p>Prionodon Horsfield, 1821. Zool. Res. Java, Part 5.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Prionodon gracilis Horsfield, [1821] (= Viverra ? linsang Hardwicke, 1821).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: Pardictis Thomas, 1925 (see Pocock, 1933d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF6AFB3AFB5813AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF31FBA7FAC21C93.text	41263629C36D7438FF31FBA7FAC21C93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionodon linsang (Hardwicke 1821)	<div><p>Prionodon linsang (Hardwicke, 1821). Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 13:236, pl. 24.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Malaysia, Malacca ", restricted by Robinson and Kloss (1920:264) to " Malacca ".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bankga Isl; Java; Borneo; Billiton Isl; peninsular Burma, Malaysia (West) to Sumatra.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: gracilis Horsfield, 1821; maculosus Blanford, 1878.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF31FBA7FAC21C93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7438FF30F4EAF99C1DE3.text	41263629C36D7438FF30F4EAF99C1DE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionodon pardicolor Hodgson 1842	<div><p>Prionodon pardicolor Hodgson, 1842. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist., 2:57.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: " Sikim... Sub-Hemalayan mountains". [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, China (Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Western Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U.S. ESA - Endangered.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: pardochrous Gray, 1863; perdicator Schinz, 1844; presina Thomas, 1925.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7438FF30F4EAF99C1DE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36D7439FF16F5C7FC1615AC.text	41263629C36D7439FF16F5C7FC1615AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverra Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Viverra Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:43.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Viverra zibetha Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Sclater, 1900; Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Pocock (1933b) placed civettino and megaspila in Moschothera which was not recognized by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Wang (in Gao, 1987), or Wozencraft (1989b). Does not include Civettictis; see Kingdon (1977) and Ansell (1978); but also see Coetzee (1977b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36D7439FF16F5C7FC1615AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FEDCFDA3FCA016CA.text	41263629C36C7439FEDCFDA3FCA016CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverra civettino Blyth 1862	<div><p>Viverra civettino Blyth, 1862. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 31:332.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Southern Malabar" restricted by Pocock (1933«:446) to "Travancore" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to S India.</p> <p>STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of V. megaspila by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); however, considered at the specific level by Lindsay (1928), Pocock (1941«), and Wozencraft (1984, 1989b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FEDCFDA3FCA016CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FEDFFEC0FD3B17DA.text	41263629C36C7439FEDFFEC0FD3B17DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverra megaspila Blyth 1862	<div><p>Viverra megaspila Blyth, 1862. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 31:331.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "vicinity of Prome" [Burma, Prome (= Pye) 18°49'N, 95°13'E].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>COMMENTS: Does not include V. civettina; reviewed by Lindsay (1928), Pocock (1941«), and Wozencraft (1989b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FEDFFEC0FD3B17DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FEDFF830FB8D1129.text	41263629C36C7439FEDFF830FB8D1129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverra tangalunga Gray 1832	<div><p>Viverra tangalunga Gray, 1832. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832:63.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Not given. Fixed by Gray (1843:48) as " Sumatra " [Indonesia].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: China, Indonesia (Sumatra, Rhio-Lingga Arch., Bangka Isl, Borneo, Karimata Isl, Sulawesi, Buru, Amboina), Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand. Introduced to many SE Asian Islands.</p> <p>SYNONYMS: lankavensis Robinson and Kloss, 1920.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FEDFF830FB8D1129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FEDEF91FFC0012BC.text	41263629C36C7439FEDEF91FFC0012BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverra zibetha Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Viverra zibetha Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:44.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "Indiis", subsequently restricted by Thomas (1911«: 137) to "Bengal".</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu), India, Indonesia, Laos, Western Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: ashtoni Swinhoe, 1865; civettoides Hodgson, 1842; filchneri Matschie, 1908; melanura Hodgson, 1842; orientalis Hodgson, 1842; pietà Wroughton, 1915; piscator Shaw, 1800; pruinosa Wroughton, 1917; sigillata Robinson and Kloss, 1920; surdaster Thomas, 1927; undulata Gray, 1830.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FEDEF91FFC0012BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FF08FAFEFCA61315.text	41263629C36C7439FF08FAFEFCA61315.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverricula Hodgson 1838	<div><p>Viverricula Hodgson, 1838. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 1:152.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Civetta indica Desmarest, 1804, by subsequent designation (Sclater, 1891; Melville and Smith, 1987).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FF08FAFEFCA61315	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
41263629C36C7439FEDEFB6AF9B71DB5.text	41263629C36C7439FEDEFB6AF9B71DB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viverricula indica (Desmarest 1804)	<div><p>Viverricula indica (Desmarest, 1804). Tabi. Méth. Hist. Nat., in, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., 24:9, 17.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: "l'lnde" [India].</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kangean Isl, Sumbawa, Bali), Laos, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced to Yemen, Zanzibar, Socotra, Madagascar, the Comoro Isis, and the Philippines; scattered distribution on many SE Asian islands due to introductions.</p> <p>STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (India).</p> <p>SYNONYMS: baptistae Pocock, 1933; bengalensis Hardwicke, 1833; deserti Bonhote, 1898; hanensis Matschie, 1908; malaccensis Gmelin, 1788; mayori Pocock, 1933; pallida Gray, 1832; rasse Horsfield, 1824; schlegelii Pollen, 1868; taivana Schwarz, 1911; thai Kloss, 1919; wellsi Pocock, 1933.</p> <p>COMMENTS: The correct identity of V. malaccensis is uncertain (Pocock, 1933b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C36C7439FEDEFB6AF9B71DB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	W. Christopher Wozencraft	W. Christopher Wozencraft (1993): Order Carnivora. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 279-348, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191
