taxonID	type	description	language	source
D512126ADB04FF942DF1DAB8FB200D34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Sequence of non-ruminant families follows Simpson (1945); sequence of ruminant families based on Janis and Scott (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DAED8ACF9290BAC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Borneo " (= Buru Isl, Indonesia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DAED8ACF9290BAC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and C Sulawesi, Lembeh Isl, Buru (N Molucca Isis), Sula Isis, Malengi Isl (Togean Isis).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DAED8ACF9290BAC.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DF0D85EFC480CDD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Babyrousa quadricornua Perry, 1811 (= Sus babyrussa Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DF0D85EFC480CDD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1980 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8D234F9FA054F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Nandi Forest, near Kaimosi, 7,000 ft. See Allen and Lawrence (1936).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8D234F9FA054F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea to Ghana; E Nigeria to Kenya and N Tanzania; SW Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8D234F9FA054F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Thomas (1904 [1905]) for designation of the type specimen.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DFDD38CFB590655.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DEBDFAC7086A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, between Kaffraria and Great Namaqualand, two hundred leagues from the Cape of Good Hope. See Vosmaer (1766).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DEBDFAC7086A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cape Province, South Africa (extinct); N Kenya and Somalia. See Grubb (in press).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DEBDFAC7086A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For distinctions from P. africanus, see Ewer (1957).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DC7AFCBC0701.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal, Cape Verde.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DC7AFCBC0701.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Outside forest zone of Africa from Senegal to Somalia, south to S Africa, Botswana and Nambia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DA8DC7AFCBC0701.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Specifically distinct from P. aethiopicus, see Cooke and Wilkinson (1978), Ewer (1957), and Grubb (in press).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DF2DE2FFB470AAD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Aper aethiopicus Pallas, 1766.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DFDD132FC47059E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Choiropotamus pictus Gray, 1852 (= Sus porcus Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB04FF942DFDD132FC47059E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by de Beaux (1924).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DA4FF8D70D11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar (no precise locality).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DA4FF8D70D11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, S Sudan and E Zaire south to E and S South Africa, west to N Botswana and Angola; Madagascar and Comoro Isis (introduced?).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DA4FF8D70D11.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Specifically distinct from P. porcus, see de Beaux (1924) and Grubb (in press).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51D9F0F98A0C5D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea " (= West Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51D9F0F98A0C5D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Rainforest zone of Africa from Senegal to Zaire.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56DF7DFCBB0A2A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Kalimantan, Banjarmasin.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56DF7DFCBB0A2A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Palawan, Balabac Isl, and Calamian Isis (Philippines); Sumatra, Banka Isl, Rhio Arch., Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56DF7DFCBB0A2A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable as S. b. oi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DE3AFC3E094C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Viet Nam, Cochin China, " les bords du Donnai " (Dong Nai River).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DE3AFC3E094C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: South Vietnam.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DE3AFC3E094C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Known only from two skulls; " closely related " to S. verrucosus but treated as a separate species (Groves, 1981 «).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DD5DFCC10808.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Cebu Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DD5DFCC10808.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Cebu and Negros Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DD5DFCC10808.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DD5DFCC10808.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Specifically distinct from S. barbatus and S. philippensis (Groves and Grubb, in press; Sanborn, 1952 «).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DC18F8C9079A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Manado.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DC18F8C9079A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Sulawesi and neighboring small islands; feral on Halmahera and Simaleue Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C51DC18F8C9079A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although this species is commonly cited from " Müller, 1840. In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel, p. 42 ", it is not found on that page. A species distinct from S. verrucosus (Groves, 1981 «).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56D268FDAB0695.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Flores Isl, Manggarai Plain near Pota.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56D268FDAB0695.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Flores Isl (Indonesia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952C56D268FDAB0695.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A prior name for this species may be Microsus floresianus Heude, 1898; see Groves (1981 «) who regarded warty pigs from Flores as a feral population of S. celebensis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952DBBD801FC3E0B6D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF952DBBD801FC3E0B6D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1981 «).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF962C57D175F9170ECF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Luzon Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF962C57D175F9170ECF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon, Mainit, Mindanao, Jolo, Mindoro, Catanduanis and Samar Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB05FF962C57D175F9170ECF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a species distinct from S. barbatus (Groves and Grubb, in press).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DFDD153FAA705EA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Catagonus metropolitanus Ameghino, 1904 (extinct).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDADFFAD70D09.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim Terai.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDADFFAD70D09.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bhutan, S Nepal, N India (incl. Sikkim).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDADFFAD70D09.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DA8D91BFABA09E6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Germany.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DA8D91BFABA09E6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Africa; Europe, S Russia and China south to Middle East, India, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java east to Bali and Sumbawa Isis). Extinct in British Isles and Scandinavia. Populations of Corsica and Sardinia and formerly in Egypt and N Sudan are or were of old feral origin. Widespread as feral populations in Norway, Sweden, South Africa, Lesser Sunda Isis, Australia, USA, West Indies, Central and South America and numerous oceanic islands, including Andaman Isis and Mauritius (Indian Ocean); Hawaiian, Galapagos and Fiji Isis (Pacific Ocean). Feral and domestic populations of Molucca Isis, New Guinea and Solomon Isis thought to originate from scrofa X celebensis hybrids.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DA8D91BFABA09E6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable as S. s. riukiuanus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DA8D91BFABA09E6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For systematics, origin, and distribution of feral populations see Groves (1981 a), Lever (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Vigne (1988).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDDC7FCEC089F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, " Timor " Isl, Pritti near Kupang.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDDC7FCEC089F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Timor Isl (Indonesia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABDDC7FCEC089F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, 1845, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 173. A feral population of S. celebensis according to Groves (1981 «), but a valid species according to Hardjasasmita (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABD36EFCDD06C0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, " Java ".	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABD36EFCDD06C0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java, Madoera Isl, Bawean Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABD36EFCDD06C0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF962DABD36EFCDD06C0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 175 (1845], pl. 28 (1843], Synonyms apparently from Borneo and Seram were based on wrongly located specimens (Groves, 1981 a).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF972DABD1F5FAEE0E93.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Argentina, Santiagodel Estero, Llajta Manca.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF972DABD1F5FAEE0E93.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF972DABD1F5FAEE0E93.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB06FF972DABD1F5FAEE0E93.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Originally described from pre-Hispanic and subfossil remains; subsequently discovered alive; see Wetzel et al. (1975), and Wetzel (1977, 1981). Reviewed by Mayer and Wetzel (1986, Mammalian Species, 259).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DA8D3D6F9E906E9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hippopotamus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (extinct fossil Asiatic species).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DA8D3D6F9E906E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Choeropsis Leidy, 1853, following Coryndon (1977).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C46D2F8FD01050D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia, St. Paul's River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C46D2F8FD01050D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Ivory Coast; SC Nigeria (extinct?).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C46D2F8FD01050D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DACD947F8C40CF0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Dicotyles torquatus Cuvier, 1816 (= Sus tajacu Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DACD947F8C40CF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The Collared Peccary should be assigned to a separate genus from the Whitelipped species according to Woodburne (1968), Husson (1978: 347 - 348), and Wright (1989). Use of appropriate generic names for these taxa is controversial. Genotypes of Tayassu and Dicotyles by subsequent designation are White-lipped Peccaries, see Miller and Rehn (1901: 12), and Miller (1912 b: 384), so the correct generic name for Collared Peccaries appears to be Pecari, with type by monotypy Dicotyles torquatus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44D8D1F9150A43.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, designated by Thomas (1911 a: 140); however, Linnaeus's name Sus tajacu is evidently based on the tajacu of Marcgraf, from Pernambuco, Brazil; see Cabrera (1961: 319) and Hershkovitz (1987 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44D8D1F9150A43.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Argentina and NW Peru to NC Texas, SW New Mexico and Arizona (USA). Introduced to Cuba.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44D8D1F9150A43.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Tayassu spp.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DAEDE37FD7E09A3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tayassu pecari Fischer, 1814 (= Sms pecari Link, 1795).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972DAEDE37FD7E09A3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: By subsequent designation, the type of Tayassu is T. pecari Fischer, 1814 (= Sus pecari Link, 1795); see Miller and Rehn (1901: 12). By subsequent designation, the type of Dicotyles is D. labiatus G. Cuvier; see Miller (1912 b: 384). Sus pecari and Dicotyles labiatus are synonyms of Tayassu pecari; see Hershkovitz (1963). Therefore, Dicotyles is a synonym of Tayassu, but see Husson (1978: 347 - 348) and Woodburne (1968) for contrary views.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44DD83FC29075B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44DD83FC29075B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to W Ecuador, Brazil and NE Argentina. Introduced to Cuba.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44DD83FC29075B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF972C44DD83FC29075B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes albirostris; see Husson (1978: 353). Reviewed by Mayer and Wetzel (1987, Mammalian Species, 293).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF902C47D11DF97C0ECD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, near Antsirabé.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF902C47D11DF97C0ECD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known from subfossil material from the central highlands of Madagascar; apparently survived into present millenium (Stuenes, 1989).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB07FF902C47D11DF97C0ECD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Transfered to Hexaprotodon from Hippopotamus; see J. M. Harrris (1991).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DE3EFDF80824.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Bactria " (= Uzbekistan, Bokhara) (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DE3EFDF80824.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Exists in the wild only in SW Mongolia, Kansu, Tsinghai, and Sinkiang (China); domesticated in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, north to Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DE3EFDF80824.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DE3EFDF80824.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes ferus Przewalski, 1883, based on wild specimen; bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, has priority. Produces fertile hybrids with dromedarius. Though their distributions merge, breeding is regulated (as all individuals are domesticated in the zone of contact). Corbet (1978 c: 197), citing A. P. Gray (1954), stated that male hybrids are sterile.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DC0BFA980661.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Africa, " deserts of Libya and Arabia (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DC0BFA980661.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extinct in the wild; first domesticated about 4,000 yr BP from wild populations which had become restricted to the S Arabian Peninsula; domesticated from Senegal and Mauritania to Somalia and Kenya, throughout N Africa, the Middle East, Arabia, and Iran to NW India; feral populations in Australia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94DC0BFA980661.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Produces fertile hybrids with bactrianus (see comments therein). Bohlken (1961) considered dromedarius a synonym of bactrianus. Reviewed by Köhler-Rollefson (1991, Mammalian Species, 375). Biology reviewed by Gauthier-Pilters and Innis Dagg (1981). For history of domestication, see R. T. Wilson (1984).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902DFEDF91FBD80A29.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D95EF8C10CE3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Nile River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D95EF8C10CE3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Rivers of savanna zone of Africa, and main rivers of forest zone in Zaire, south to rivers of S Cape Province (South Africa), and north along White Nile to Nile Delta (Egypt); now extinct along most of the White Nile and in most of South Africa, except in N and E Transvaal and N Natal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D95EF8C10CE3.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D8C3FCA00B1B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Ambolisatra.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D8C3FCA00B1B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Known from subfossil material from coastal S Madagascar; survived into present millenium, 9 th- 13 th Century (Stuenes, 1989).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902DF9DAB6FB790D4F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902DFED254FC5B06C4.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Camelus glama Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D2ABFC2B05FE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru, Andes (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB00FF902D94D2ABFC2B05FE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Domesticated in S Peru, W Bolivia, NW Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C47DD4BFD34099C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Bulham Creek.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C47DD4BFD34099C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Ghana; Nigeria to Zaire, marginally entering Uganda.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C47DD4BFD34099C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DA8DEA0FBC10979.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Moschus aquaticus Ogilby, 1841.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C45DA49FA4F0D1C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Andes of Patagonia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C45DA49FA4F0D1C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cordilleras of the Andes: S Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile; Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (Chile and Argentina); Navarino Isl (Chile).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C45DA49FA4F0D1C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C45DA49FA4F0D1C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Has previously been included with the Llama, L. glama, of which it may be the wild ancestor, see Lydekker (1915). See also Hemmer (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D9ECFD4A0CC5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Peru (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D9ECFD4A0CC5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Domesticated in S Peru, W Bolivia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D9ECFD4A0CC5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Often regarded as a synonym for glama; see Corbet and Hill (1991: 126). Probably originated from hybrids between Lama glama and Vicugna vicugna; see Hemmer (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DA8DC44F8C008CA.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson, 1842 (= Moschus meminna Erxleben, 1777).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DA8DC44F8C008CA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a full genus by Groves and Grubb (1987), following Flerov (1931).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C46DCD9FBE80737.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C46DCD9FBE80737.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka, peninsular India, Nepal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D224F9B8058E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Udjon Kulon Peninsula.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D224F9B8058E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Yunnan (China), Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, many adjacent islands.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C44D224F9B8058E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In older literature, known as T. kanchil; see Van Bemmel (1949 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DA9D3E8FC710646.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DA9D3E8FC710646.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Original citation, Brisson, 1762, Regn. Anim., 2 nd ed., 12: 65 - 68, is not available according to Hopwood (1947).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912DACD8BFFBFA0B46.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Camelus vicugna Molina, 1782.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C5ADF24F8E70A55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, cordilleras of Coquimbo and Copiapo.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C5ADF24F8E70A55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Peru, W Bolivia, NW Argentina, N Chile.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB01FF912C5ADF24F8E70A55.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I, some Chilean and Peruvian populations Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DF3D8A5FB910B2B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DF38FACC0921.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " AEthiopia et Sennar ", restricted to Sudan, Sennar, by Harper (1940: 322).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DF38FACC0921.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, Gambia and Senegal to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to Central African Republic, NE Zaire, Uganda and Tanzania; E and SW Zambia; S Angola, Zimbabwe and S Mozambique to South Africa, mostly north of the Orange River. Distribution now much restricted; in W Africa still present at least until recently in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, NE Nigeria and N Cameroon; in southern Africa, now ranging no further south than N Namibia, Botswana and E Transvaal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DF38FACC0921.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Dagg (1971, Mammalian Species, 5).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DF3D825FA6D0CF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placement of this family follows Janis and Scott (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DF3DCD5FA920759.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A family separate from the Cervidae; see Flerov (1952), Webb and Taylor (1980), Groves and Grubb (1987), and Janis and Scott (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA8D224FB6E050C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Szechwan, near Lungan, Ho-tsi-how Pass.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA8D224FB6E050C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C China including Anhwei, Tibet?; N Vietnam.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA8D224FB6E050C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered in Tibet and Yunnan (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA8D224FB6E050C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes anhuiensis; see Groves and Feng (1986). A well-defined species; see Gao (1963), Groves (1976), and Grubb (1982 a).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DFDD303FA120647.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DFDD303FA120647.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Species limits in E Himalayas are still uncertain; see Cai and Feng (1981), Groves (1976, 1980 a), Groves and Grubb (1987), and Grubb (1982 a).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DD80FB9C08E3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, Semliki Forest, Mundala.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DD80FB9C08E3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and E Zaire; perhaps adjacent areas.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DF3DD1AFBC309A2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Equus johnstoni P. L. Sclater, 1901.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DA46FE0E0C72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, S Sumatra.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DA46FE0E0C72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Balabac Isl (Philippines), Sumatra, many adjacent islands.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF922DA9DA46FE0E0C72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: In older literature, mistakenly given the name T. javanicus; see Van Bemmel (1949 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF932DA8D11DFB260C72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Nepal " (Probably Tibetan Plateau).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF932DA8D11DFB260C72.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas of N Afghanistan, N Pakistan, N India (incl. Sikkim), and Nepal; C Tibet to C China.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF932DA8D11DFB260C72.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I in Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan; otherwise Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China (Yunnan and Tibet), India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sikkim.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB02FF932DA8D11DFB260C72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A well defined species; see both Groves (1976) and Gao (1963), under the name sifanicus. The name sifanicus should be included in M. chrysogaster, but " chrysogaster " of Cai and Feng (1981) is subspecifically or specifically distinct. Available name for this taxon may be leucogaster Hodgson, 1839; see Grubb (1982 a). Groves and Grubb (1987) provisionally treated leucogaster as a species; Grubb (1990) listed it as a Himalayan subspecies-group of M. chrysogaster.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45DC19FA2A071F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bihar, " banks of the Ganges. "	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45DC19FA2A071F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India (incl. Sikkim); Sri Lanka; Nepal; introduced to the former Yugoslavia, republics of the former W USSR (still extant?), Andaman Isis, Australia, Hawaiian Isis and Texas (USA), Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45D3E9FCA706C1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Calamian Isis, Culion Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45D3E9FCA706C1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines, Calamian Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45D3E9FCA706C1.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C45D3E9FCA706C1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in A. porcinus by Haltenorth (1963), but treated as a full species by Groves and Grubb (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932DAEDDDFF8BB0809.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932DAEDDDFF8BB0809.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a full genus, not a subgenus of Cervus, by Groves and Grubb (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF9C2C45D2A7FD4C0E10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Java en Borneo ", but is found only on Bawean Isl, Indonesia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF9C2C45D2A7FD4C0E10.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia, Bawean Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF9C2C45D2A7FD4C0E10.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Rare.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF9C2C45D2A7FD4C0E10.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 223 (1845], pl. 44 (1842]. Included in A. porcinus by Haltenorth (1963), but treated as a full species by Groves and Grubb (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932DADDED9FBB60953.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Whitehead (1972) and by Groves and Grubb (1987). For introduced populations, see Lever (1985).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5AD850FA200B3F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Gongshan-Xian, Bapo, 3,500 m.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5AD850FA200B3F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Yunnan and SE Tibet (China); N Burma; Assam and Sikkim (India); Bhutan; Nepal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5AD850FA200B3F.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I in Bhutan, Burma, India, and Nepal; otherwise Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered in Bhutan, Burma, China, Sikkim, India, and Nepal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5AD850FA200B3F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Gao (1985) treated fuscus as a subspecies of chrysogaster.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5ADF0EFB2B0AE0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Tataria versus Chinam "; restricted to Russia, SW Siberia, Altai Mtns by Heptner et al. (1961).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5ADF0EFB2B0AE0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Forests of E Siberia, N Mongolia, N China west to Kansu, Korea, Sakhalin Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5ADF0EFB2B0AE0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB03FF932C5ADF0EFB2B0AE0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes sibiricus; see Corbet (1978 c: 198).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA4DAF0FDC10C59.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Bengal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA4DAF0FDC10C59.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pakistan and N India to Vietnam; Yunnan (China); Sri Lanka (introduced?); introduced to S Australia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA4DAF0FDC10C59.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Cervus (= Axis) porcinus annamiticus; U. S. ESA - Endangered as Axis (= Cervus) porcinus annamiticus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA4DAF0FDC10C59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Cervus porcinus Zimmermann, 1777, is not an available name as it was published in an unavailable work (Spec. Zool. Geogr., p. 532): see Hemming (1950: 547).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DFA0FB6C0AD1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kansu, 3 km above mouth of Kokusu River, Humboldt Mtns, Nan Shan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DFA0FB6C0AD1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Tsinghai, Kansu, and Szechwan (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DFA0FB6C0AD1.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DBADEB0FBED0875.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DBADEB0FBED0875.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Panay and Negros Isis; formerly also Seguinjor, Guimares, Cebu, Bohol and perhaps other islands.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DBADEB0FBED0875.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DBADEB0FBED0875.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in C. mariannus by Haltenorth (1963). Revised by Grubb and Groves (1983), where treated as a full species.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2D8FD802FA870BC2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2D8FD802FA870BC2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Rusa, Rucervus, and Przewalskium as subgenera, with Panolia, Sika and Thaocervus as synonyms of subgenera, see Groves and Grubb (1987). Van Gelder (1977 b) also included Elaphurus, Axis, Dama and Hyelaphus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DC55FC430759.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N India.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DC55FC430759.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and C India, SW Nepal; extinct in Pakistan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DC55FC430759.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9C2DA5DC55FC430759.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1982 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9D2DA5D329FBF70D1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: S Sweden.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9D2DA5D329FBF70D1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tunisia; NE Algeria; Europe east to Crimea and Caucasus; Turkey; N Iran; C Asia from N Afghanistan, Kashmir (India) and Russian Turkestan east to Siberia, Mongolia, W and N China and Ussuri region (Russia); in Corsica and Sardinia only since Neolithic; North America, where now restricted to western areas and reserves. Red Deer (C. e. elaphus and related subspecies) introduced to Morocco, USA, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand; Wapiti (C. e. canadensis and related subspecies) introduced to Ural Mtns and Volga Steppe (Russia) and New Zealand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9D2DA5D329FBF70D1A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as C. e. hanglu; Appendix II as C. e. bactrianus; Appendix III (Tunisia) as C. e. barbarus. U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. bactrianus, C. e. barbarus, C. e. corsicanus, C. e. hanglu, C. e. macneilli, C. e. wallichi, and C. e. yarkandensis; IUCN - Endangered as C. e. bactrianus, C. e. corsicanus, C. e. hanglu, C. e. wallichi, and C. e. yarkandensis; Vulnerable as C. e. barbarus; Indeterminate as C. e. macneilli.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0CFF9D2DA5D329FBF70D1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For synonyms see Corbet (1978 c: 201), McCullough (1969), and Hall (1981: 1084 - 1087). Reviewed by J. M. Dolan (1988).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D9EBFD5F0CBF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Manipur.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D9EBFD5F0CBF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Manipur (N India), Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Hainan Isl (China); now much reduced in numbers or extinct in several of these countries.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D9EBFD5F0CBF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Endangered as C. e. eldii and C. e. siamensis, otherwise Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D88FFB0E0963.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mariana Isis, Guam (introduced).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D88FFB0E0963.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Philippines: Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao and Basilan Isis. Introduced to Mariana, Caroline and Bonin Isis (W Pacific Ocean).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C46D88FFB0E0963.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a separate species from C. unicolor by Haltenorth (1963), and by Grubb and Groves (1983), who revised this taxon.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C41DD40FE1405E2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, probably Kyushu; see Groves and Smeenk (1978).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C41DD40FE1405E2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan, E China, Manchuria, Korea (incl. Cheju Isl), adjacent E Siberia, Japan (incl Tsushima Isis), Vietnam. Introduced to British Isles, mainland Europe (incl. Lithuania and Ukraine), Caucasus region, New Zealand, USA, Solo Isl (Philippines, still extant?), Kerama Isis (Ryukyu Isis) and small islands off Japan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C41DD40FE1405E2.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. n. grassianus, C. n. keramae, C. n. kopschi, C. n. mandarinus, and C. n. taiouanus; IUCN - Extinct? as C. n. grassianus, Extinct as C. n. mandarinus, Endangered as C. n. keramae, C. n. pseudaxis, and C. n. taiouanus, Indeterminate as C. n. sichuanicus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9D2C41DD40FE1405E2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes hortulorum, taiouanus and pulchellus, which were considered species by Imaizumi (1970 a). Includes soloensis, see Grubb and Groves (1983). Reviewed by Feldhamer (1980, Mammalian Species, 128). Revised in part by Groves and Smeenk (1978).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9E2C46D1C0FCEC0EAB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Thailand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9E2C46D1C0FCEC0EAB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0DFF9E2C46D1C0FCEC0EAB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in duvaucelii by Haltenorth (1963: 58) and Groves (1982 b); but treated as a full species by Lekagul and McNeely (1977). Extinct; last specimen killed in 1932; see Harper (1945).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDABAFE3C0CA6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis, Timor Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDABAFE3C0CA6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Java; Bali and probably introduced in antiquity to Lesser Sunda Isis, Molucca Isis (including Buru and Seram), Sulawesi and Timor (Indonesia). Since 17 th century, introduced to Kalimantan (Borneo, extinct?), New Guinea, New Britain, Aru Isis (Indonesia), Mauritius, Comoro Isis, Madagascar (extinct?), Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and small islands in Indonesia and off the coast of Australia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDABAFE3C0CA6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Van Bemmel (1949 a). Includes tavistocki; see Grubb and Groves (1983).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAED880FB310AE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAED880FB310AE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India and Sri Lanka east to S China, Hainan Isl and Taiwan; south to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Siberut, Sipora, and Pagi and Nias Isis; introduced to Australia and New Zealand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDDF7F9E7088E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (introduced).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDDF7F9E7088E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Turkey; introduced to Europe (incl. Lithuania and Ukraine), South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Uruguay and islands in Fijian group, Lesser Antilles and off W Canadian Coast. For present distribution, see Chapman and Chapman (1980); for natural recent distribution see Uerpmann (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDDF7F9E7088E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Feldhamer et al. (1988, Mammalian Species, 317).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DF0DECDFA650917.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DF0DECDFA650917.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Dama as generic name for the Fallow Deer was validated by Opinion 581, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1960). Treated as a full genus, not a subgenus of Cervus by Groves and Grubb (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDC9FFA91079F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Iran, Luristan Province.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDC9FFA91079F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Iraq; survives in W Iran.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDC9FFA91079F.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAEDC9FFA91079F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a separate species from D. dama by Haltenorth (1959), Ferguson et al. (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Harrison and Bates (1991).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAFD2EBF95305C7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Chihli, Pekin, Imperial Hunting Park.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAFD2EBF95305C7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly NE China; extinct in wild since 3 rd or 4 th Century; now reintroduced to its former range, near Peking and near Shanghai.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAFD2EBF95305C7.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DAFD2EBF95305C7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Elaphurus by Corbet (1978 c: 201); but see Van Gelder (1977 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0EFF9E2DF0D240FB23061A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C42DEB9FBE109EB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Sichuan, Baoxing (= Szechwan, Moupin).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C42DEB9FBE109EB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C China; N Burma.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D97DE7DF9A10AA9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D97DE7DF9A10AA9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For year of publication, see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1953).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C43D91FFBF70C9A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kiangsu, Chingkiang, Yangtze River, Deer Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C43D91FFBF70C9A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Lower Yangtze Basin, south to Guangxi (China); Korea; introduced in England and France.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C43D91FFBF70C9A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Rare.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C43D91FFBF70C9A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Original description usually given as Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870: 89 [pubi. June, 1870], but McAllan and Bruce (1989) have shown that publication in The Athenaeum was earlier (19 Feb. 1870).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D95DA0FFBF60D0F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D95DA0FFBF60D0F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Original description usually given as Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870: 90 [pubi. June, 1870], but McAllan and Bruce (1989) have shown that publication in The Athenaeum was earlier (19 Feb. 1870).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D95DF43FC6C0B9A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Relegated to tribal status, in Cervinae, by Groves and Grubb (1987); then treated as a full family by Groves and Grubb (1990). Assignment to Cervinae now supported by evidence in Kraus and Miyamoto (1991); yet generally regarded as a subfamily (Haltenorth, 1963).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4DDCDDFD9A07DE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Sabah, Tawau, Coconut Research Station, Forest Camp 1.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4DDCDDFD9A07DE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4DDCDDFD9A07DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included in M. muntjak, or in a separate species, M. pleiharicus; see Chasen (1940: 203); however pleiharicus is a synonym of muntjak; see Groves and Grubb (1982).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4CD3ADFB1906AD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Chekiang (= Zhejiang), near Ningpo.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4CD3ADFB1906AD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E China: Zhejiang, N Fujian and S Anhui; formerly from Yunnan and Guangdong to Jaingsu (China) according to Shou (1962: 454).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4CD3ADFB1906AD.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2C4CD3ADFB1906AD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963: 42).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D97DDCFFCAC08CD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus muntjak Zimmerman, 1780.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF9F2D97DDCFFCAC08CD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Muntiacus Rafinesque is a nomen nudum, but was conserved by Opinion 460 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1957 b). Revised by Groves and Grubb (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF982C4CD2BFF9C90ED7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Burma, Tenasserim, Thagata Juva, southeast of Mt. Mulaiyit.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF982C4CD2BFF9C90ED7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Thailand; peninsular Burma; SE Yunnan (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF982C4CD2BFF9C90ED7.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0FFF982C4CD2BFF9C90ED7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963: 42). Includes rooseveltorum; see Groves and Grubb (1990). For spelling of the species name as feai, see Grubb (1977); but see International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985) for retention of original spelling feae.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6DD3AFDBA074E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6DD3AFDBA074E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Eurasia from Scandinavia and Poland, east to Anadyr region (E Siberia); south to Ukraine and S Siberia, N Mongolia and N China (Xingjiang, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang); Alaska (USA); Canada; N USA; extinct in Caucasus region since last century; introduced to New Zealand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6DD3AFDBA074E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by R. L. Peterson (1952); reviewed by Franzmann (1981, Mammalian Species, 154).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982D88DEA4FCCC0954.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus alces Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA4D23DF9D705E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Lake Ypoa, south of Asuncion.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA4D23DF9D705E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Brazil to Paraguay and N Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA4D23DF9D705E9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA4D23DF9D705E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Pinder and Grosse (1991, Mammalian Species, 380).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982D89D331FD930622.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus paludosus Desmarest, 1822 (= Cervus dichotomus liliger, 1815).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982D89D331FD930622.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963: 44 - 45); but see Groves and Grubb (1987). For first valid use of generic name see Hershkovitz (1958) who argued that it was Gray, 1850.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6DAB6FB3A0D13.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Yunnan, Gongshan county, E slope of N section of Gaoligong Mtns, Puladi, Mijiao.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6DAB6FB3A0D13.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Burma; SE Tibet and W Yunnan (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6D9F2FDFB0B30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6D9F2FDFB0B30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; India; NE Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; Bangladesh; S China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan Isl) south through Indochina to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok and many smaller Indonesian islands.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA6D9F2FDFB0B30.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes pleiharicus, listed as a distinct species by Chasen (1940: 203), and vaginalis. Made to include reevesi, feae, rooseveltorum and crinifrons by Haltenorth (1963: 42).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA1DF10F95D0A2A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Kwangtung (= Guangdong), near Canton.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA1DF10F95D0A2A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Shensi, Kansu and S China; Taiwan; introduced to England and France.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB08FF982DA1DF10F95D0A2A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963: 42); but see Corbet (1978 c: 199).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4FDAE4F99B0DC3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4FDAE4F99B0DC3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe to W Russia; Turkey; Caucasus region; NW Syria; N Iraq; N Iran; extinct in Lebanon and Israel.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992D91DA7EFBC40E05.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4FD9A2FD310B34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Volga, Samara district, River Sok. Given by Rossolimo (in litt.) as Orenburgskaia Obi., Bulgulma-Belebei uplands, upper flow of River Sok.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4FD9A2FD310B34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Ural and N Caucasus Mtns (Russia), SE and E Kazakhstan, Tien Shan and S Siberia (Russia) eastward to Pacific coast, south into N and C China, N Mongolia and Korea.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4FD9A2FD310B34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Now regarded by most Russian authors as a species distinct from C. capreolus; see Sokolov and Gromov (1990). Rossolimo (in litt.) gave the original year of publication as 1773.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DE28FD5A097E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivian Andes, near La Paz.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DE28FD5A097E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes from Ecuador to NW Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DE28FD5A097E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DD4DFA380996.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chilean Andes, Colchagua Prov.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DD4DFA380996.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of S Chile and S Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C48DD4DFA380996.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992D92DFEFFABC0A59.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Hippocamelus dubius Leuckart, 1816 (= Equus bisulcus Molina, 1792).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992D92DFEFFABC0A59.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963: 44, 46).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BDC88FC380658.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: French Guiana, Cayenne.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BDC88FC380658.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Tamaulipas and Yucatan (Mexico) to S Brazil, N Argentina, S Bolivia, and Paraguay; Trinidad and Tobago.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BDC88FC380658.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala) as M. a. cerasina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD229F9FE0684.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, Merida, Paramo de la Culata.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD229F9FE0684.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Venezuala.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD229F9FE0684.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species distinct form M. rufina according to Czernay (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD16AFD2C05BF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz, Cocopunco, 3200 m.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD16AFD2C05BF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Bolivian Andes, S Peru.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992C4BD16AFD2C05BF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Prior to 1959 this species was confused with Pudu mephistophiles; see comment under that species.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992D9DDC49FC5608B9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mazama pita Rafinesque, 1817 (= Moschus americanus Erxleben, 1777).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB09FF992D9DDC49FC5608B9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Czernay (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DA42FB6B0D05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Paraguay, Asuncion region.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DA42FB6B0D05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: San Jose Isl (Panama); Peru, Ecuador and Columbia east to Brazil and south to Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina and Uruguay.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DA42FB6B0D05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Although the specific name is based on the gouazoubira of Azara, the original spelling was " gouazoupira " not " gouazoubira ".	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBAD9E6F9E10C42.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBAD9E6F9E10C42.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C and SE Brazil, E Paraguay, N Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBAD9E6F9E10C42.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species distinct form M. rufina according to Czernay (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBAD823FC850CD7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha, Pichincha Mtns, Lloa valley.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBAD823FC850CD7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ecuador, S Columbia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBBDE2EFCC6087D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, South Dakota, mouth of Big Sioux River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBBDE2EFCC6087D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Baja California and Sonora to N Tamaulipas (Mexico); W USA (to Minnesota); W Canada; Alaskan Panhandle (USA). Introduced to Kauai (Hawaiian Isis) and Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBBDE2EFCC6087D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as O. h. cerrosensis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DBBDE2EFCC6087D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Cowan (1936); reviewed by A. E. Anderson and Wallmo (1984, Mammalian Species, 219).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2D8DD88BF9120A5F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Odocoileus spelaeus Rafinesque, 1832 (= Dama virginianus Zimmermann, 1780).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2D8DD88BF9120A5F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hall (1981: 1087) employed Dama Zimmerman, 1780, of which Dama virginiana (= Odocoileus virginianus) is the type, for this genus, but Dama Frisch, 1775, with Cervus dama (= Dama dama) as type has priority and thus preoccupies Dama Zimmerman, 1780 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1960).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DC4CFA500521.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Bewohnt in grossen Heerben Carolina v), Virginien, Louisiana w), und geht vielleicht bis Panama x) hinunter "; restricted by Hershkovitz (1948 c: 43) to USA, Virginia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DC4CFA500521.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W and S Canada; NW, SW, C and E USA to Bolivia, Guianas and N Brazil. Introduced to Czechoslovakia, Finland, New Zealand and West Indies, where these deer may survive on Cuba, Curacao, St. Croix and St. Thomas Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DC4CFA500521.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala) as O. v. mayensis [listing in the process of being withdrawn); U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. v. clavium and O. v. leucurus; IUCN - Rare as O. v. clavium.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9A2DA5DC4CFA500521.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by W. P. Smith (1991, Mammalian Species, 388).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9B2D8FD11AFD520EDE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus campestris F. Cuvier, 1817 (= Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0AFF9B2D8FD11AFD520EDE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ozotoceros is the name to be used for Blastoceros, Fitzinger, 1860, if Blastoceros is regarded as an invalid emendation of Blastocerus; see Hershkovitz (1958). Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963: 46) and Bianchini and Delupi (1979); but see Groves and Grubb (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93D177FA4505D2.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope americana Ord, 1815.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93D177FA4505D2.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Bovidae by O'Gara and Matson (1975); but restored to separate family status by Janis and Scott (1987) and Soulounias (1988).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4FDAADFA7F0D9B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco; identified by Thomas (1911 a: 151).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4FDAADFA7F0D9B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, S Bolivia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4FDAADFA7F0D9B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Endangered as O. b. celer.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4FDAADFA7F0D9B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Jackson (1987, Mammalian Species, 295).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93D87CFD3C0C81.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra puda Molina, 1782.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93D87CFD3C0C81.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Mazama by Haltenorth (1963: 48). Includes Pudella; revised by Hershkovitz (1982).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDF66F8F90B90.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza Prov., Paramo de Papallacta.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDF66F8F90B90.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDF66F8F90B90.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Indeterminate.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDF66F8F90B90.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: P. mephistophiles of Matschie and Sanborn (not de Winton) is Mazama chunyi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C49DE77F9F30960.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Chile, Chiloe Prov.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C49DE77F9F30960.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Chile, SW Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C49DE77F9F30960.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix; I U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C49DE77F9F30960.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For original spelling of specific name, see Hershkovitz (1982).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93DD5BFC2909B6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervus tarandus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2D93DD5BFC2909B6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Banfield (1961).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDD94FB0A06FB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Alpine Lapland (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDD94FB0A06FB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Circumboreal in tundra and taiga from Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Russia, Alaska (USA) and Canada including most arctic islands, and Greenland, south to N Mongolia; Inner Mongolia and Heilungkiang, China (now feral?); Sakhalin Isl; N Idaho and Great Lakes region (USA). Introduced to, and feral in, Iceland, Kerguelen Isis, South Georgia Isl, Pribilof Isis, St. Matthew Isl. Extinct in Sweden.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB0BFF9B2C4EDD94FB0A06FB.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as R. t. caribou in Canada (SE British Columbia at the Canadian-USA border, Columbia R., Kootenay, R. Kootenay Lake, and Kootenai R.) and USA (Idaho, Washington).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB8DF34FBB40A25.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Kuruman, Khosis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB8DF34FBB40A25.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE South Africa to Angola, S Zaire, Rwanda, Uganda, and Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB8DF34FBB40A25.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as A. m. petersi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB8DF34FBB40A25.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes petersi; see Ansell (1972: 57).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842D83D88FFB9F0B55.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope melatnpus Lichtenstein, 1812.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBBDD87FB1C0668.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBBDD87FB1C0668.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Ethiopia, south to E Zaire, Uganda, Kenya and N Tanzania; S Angola, W Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. Formerly N Morocco, N Algeria, and, up to Dynastic times, east to Egypt. Extinct in N Africa, Somalia, and much of its former South African range.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBBDD87FB1C0668.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as A. b. swaynei and A. b. torà.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBBDD87FB1C0668.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes caama; see Ellerman et al. (1953: 202).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842D83DEB1FA3009A7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope bubalis Pallas, 1767 (= Antilope buselaphus Pallas, 1766).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842D83DEB1FA3009A7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Van Gelder (1977 b) included Sigmoceros and Damaliscus in this genus, but has not been followed by recent authors; see Swanepoel et al. (1980: 187). Formerly included Sigmoceros lichtensteinii, see comment under Sigmoceros.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB9DA7FFA870DFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Plains and Highlands of the Missouri River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB9DA7FFA870DFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Alberta and S Saskatchewan (Canada) south through W USA to Hidalgo, Baja California, W Sonora (Mexico). Introduced to Lanai Isl (Hawaiian Isis).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB9DA7FFA870DFF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Mexican populations); U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as A. a. peninsularis and A. a. sonoriensis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DB9DA7FFA870DFF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by O'Gara (1978, Mammalian Species, 90).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842D80D9A6F9740C02.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Distribution and status of introduced populations reviewed by Lever (1985). Distribution and status of African species reviewed by East (1988, 1989, 1990). Systematics of African species reviewed by Ansell (1972) and Gentry (1972).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBFD2A3FA53058F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Colesberg (Harper, 1940: 329).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBFD2A3FA53058F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Originally from Transvaal and Natal south to Cape Prov. (South Africa); now only in captivity, or as reintroduced populations in Lesotho; Swaziland; Orange Free State, Cape Prov., Transvaal and Natal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842DBFD2A3FA53058F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Von Richter (1974, Mammalian Species, 50).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB14FF842D80D252FBA806C7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope gnou Gmelin, 1788.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB5DA7AFA600D08.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Kuruman, Khosis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB5DA7AFA600D08.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia south to Angola, Namibia, Botswana and NE South Africa. Extinct in Malawi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB5DA7AFA600D08.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For date of publication, see Ellerman et al. (1953: 205).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4D814FE060BF3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, E bank of Tana River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4D814FE060BF3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Somalia to N Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4D814FE060BF3.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4D814FE060BF3.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in D. lunatus by Haltenorth (1963: 100). Formerly in Beatragus; see Ansell (1972: 54); retained in Beatragus by Gentry and Gentry (1978) and Gentry (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DFCDFD85099F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Matlhawareng River, NE of Kuruman.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DFCDFD85099F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Mauritania and Senegal east to W Ethiopia and S Somalia, and south to Tanzania; also Zambia to South Africa. Now extinct in Mauritana, Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Ghana, Mozambique and most of South African Range; survives in Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Benin, Togo, N Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan, W Ethiopia, S Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, E and S Zaire, NE Namibia, N Botswana, E Angola, W and C Zambia, Zimbabwe and Transvaal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DFCDFD85099F.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN - Vulnerable as D. I. korrigum.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DFCDFD85099F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes korrigum; see Ansell (1972: 56). For date of publication, see Ellerman et al. (1953: 201).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852D9ED9EDFAC20C35.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope pygargus Pallas, 1767.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852D9ED9EDFAC20C35.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Beatragus; see Ansell (1972: 54). Placed in Alcelaphus by Van Gelder (19776: 18); but see also Vrba (1979) and Gentry (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DC72FA190646.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Swart River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DC72FA190646.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly from SW Cape Prov. to E Transvaal (South Africa); now only in captivity, or as reintroduced populations in Lesotho, Swaziland, and South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DC72FA190646.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U. S. ESA - Endangered, as D. dorcas dorcas; IUCN - Vulnerable as D. d. dorcas, otherwise Rare as D. dorcas.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852DB4DC72FA190646.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes phillipsi and albifrons; see Ansell (1972: 55). Includes dorcas, pygargus being the valid name; see Rookmaaker (1991). The type locality of Damaliscus dorcas was restricted to South Africa, Cape Prov., Riversdale District, Kafferkiuls River by Harper (1940). But Bigalke (1948), in making an alternative restriction of the type locality to Swart River, used the name Damaliscus pygargus. Since this is now the valid name for the species, Bigalke's restriction must be accepted.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852D9ED239FA9206BE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bubalis lichtensteinii Peters, 1852 (= Antilope lichtensteinii Peters, 1849.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF852D9ED239FA9206BE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included in Alcelaphus; see Vrba (1979: 223).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF862DB4D28FF8E60D05.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Tette.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF862DB4D28FF8E60D05.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, SE Zaire and NE Angola to NE Zimbabwe and C Mozambique.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB15FF862DB4D28FF8E60D05.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Alcelaphus buselaphus by Haltenorth (1963: 102), but placed in separate genus, Sigmoceros by Vrba (1979). Included in Alcelaphus by Gentry (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D83EFC080B43.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Habergerhagi's Country, Buroa Wells.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D83EFC080B43.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Ethiopia, N Somalia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D83EFC080B43.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D83EFC080B43.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Schomber (1964).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862D8AD990FBE60C28.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cervicapra clarkei Thomas, 1891.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA3DFDEFC4F0ADE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA3DFDEFC4F0ADE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Namibia, SW Angola, Botswana; South Africa (range here now much reduced).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA3DFDEFC4F0ADE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1981 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DF4DF31F9080BCF.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope euchore Forster, 1790 (= Antilope marsupialis Zimmermann, 1780).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA0DD16FC4D08A9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Travancore, inland of Trivandrum.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA0DD16FC4D08A9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Pakistan (extinct but reintroduced); India from Punjab south to Madras and east to Bihar (formerly up to Assam); extinct in Bangladesh and now localized in India; introduced to Nepal, Texas (USA), and Argentina.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA0DD16FC4D08A9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA0DD16FC4D08A9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1982 c).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862D8ADE86FD6F0937.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra cervicapra Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D335FC600797.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Hekebo Plateau, 35 mi (56 km) SW of Berbera.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D335FC600797.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Somalia, Djibouti, and marginally in adjacent parts of Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862DA1D335FC600797.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Insufficiently known.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862D8BDC8DFBAB0754.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Oreotragus megalotis Menges, 1894.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862D88D24AFBCD069D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra dorcas Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF862D88D24AFBCD069D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised in part by Groves (1969 a).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF872DA7D16FF9A60EF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Saudi Arabia, Farasan Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF872DA7D16FF9A60EF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Not certainly known.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB16FF872DA7D16FF9A60EF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a separate species from G. gazella by Groves (1985 a). Only known from two specimens; see Groves (1983). Even if formerly present on Farasan Isis, now replaced there by G. gazella farasani; see Thouless and Al Bassri (1991).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C43DAD1FD980DC1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, " Deccan ".	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C43DAD1FD980DC1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iran to NW India.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C43DAD1FD980DC1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species distinct from G. gazella according to Furley et al. (1988) and Groves (1985 a, 1988).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D9A6FD5F0C57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Yemen, Wadi Maleh 5 mi E. of Ta'izz, El Hauban.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D9A6FD5F0C57.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Yemen.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D834FD560B1E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Morocco, Mogador.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D834FD560B1E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, N Algeria, C Tunisia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D834FD560B1E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia); U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C42D834FD560B1E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Assigned to G. gazella by Haltenorth (1963: 111); but a distinct species according to Groves (1969 a).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4DDFECFC170969.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Africa, near Lake Chad.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4DDFECFC170969.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly from Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritaniaand Senegaleastto Egypt and Sudan. Now extinct in Mauritania, Senegal, Morocco, AlgeriaandEgypt; survives at least in Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso and Sudan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4DDFECFC170969.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA- Endangered asG. d. lozanoiand G. d. mhorr; IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4CDD79FB0D08D6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Lower Egypt.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4CDD79FB0D08D6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Morocco south to Mauritania (and formerly to Senegal) east to S Israel and Egypt and from there south to Sudan, NE Ethiopia and N Somalia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4CDD79FB0D08D6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia); U. S. ESA - Endangered as G. d. massaesyla and G. d. pelzelni (sic); IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4CDD79FB0D08D6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes pelzelnii; see Gentry (1972: 89); but also see Haltenorth (1963: 112). Reviewed by Ferguson (1981) and Groves (1981 c).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FDCB7FAB307CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Syria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FDCB7FAB307CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Arabian Peninsula.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FDCB7FAB307CF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FD3DFF8A606E2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, W Kinyenye, Ugogo.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FD3DFF8A606E2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Sudan, NE Uganda and S Ethiopia south to S Somalia, Kenya, and N Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FD2C0FC9305A8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Sennar, but probably Egypt, between Giza and Wadi Natron.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FD2C0FC9305A8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, W Egypt, Niger, N Chad and apparently Mali and Sudan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB17FF872C4FD2C0FC9305A8.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Tunisia); U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBEDA4FF8AA0D11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBEDA4FF8AA0D11.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to NE Ethiopia, with southern limits of distribution extending from N Togo to N Central African Republic; extinct in N Ghana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBEDA4FF8AA0D11.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBEDA4FF8AA0D11.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes tilonura; see Gentry (1972: 90); but also see Haltenorth (1963: 112). Groves (1969 a) included rufifrons in cuvieri, but subsequently (1975 a) separated them.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED9F3FB020C0B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Interior of Algeria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED9F3FB020C0B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Algeria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED9F3FB020C0B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Thought to be extinct; see Corbet (1978 c: 210).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED81AFA1B0B2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Saudi Arabia, 150 mi NE of Mecca, Dhalm.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED81AFA1B0B2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, S Iraq. Extinct in the wild.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED81AFA1B0B2E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DBED81AFA1B0B2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A species distinct from G. dorcas according to Groves (1988).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DF3EFB070A3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: E Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DF3EFB070A3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Somalia, Ethiopia, EC Sudan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DF3EFB070A3D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DE0FFD0C0964.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N Somalia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DE0FFD0C0964.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Somalia, E Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DE0FFD0C0964.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DD45FDA50825.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Azerbaijan, Steppes of E Transcaucasia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DD45FDA50825.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Israel; Jordan, C Arabia and E Caucasus through Iran; Afghanistan; WC Pakistan; Kazakhstan; Turmenistan; Uzbekistan; Mongolia; W China.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9DD45FDA50825.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as G. s. marica.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB8DC07FA4007DA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kenya, Kilimanjaro Dist.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB8DC07FA4007DA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Sudan, SW Ethiopia, S and C Kenya, N Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB8DC07FA4007DA.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Groves (1969 a) included thomsonii in G. cuvieri; but see also Gentry (1972: 88, 90 - 91). Groves (1985 a, 1988) included thomsonii in G. rufifrons.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802D8DD3BCFC2006E8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Gazella walleri Brooke, 1879.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802D8DD3BCFC2006E8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Schomber (1963).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9D2F8FDBD05FA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " mainland of Africa, north of the island of Zanzibar, about lat. 30 ° S and long. 38 ° E " and therefore apparently in Kenya, but shown to be correctly " Somalia, coast near Juba River " by Sclater and Thomas (1898) and Moreau et al. (1946).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB10FF802DB9D2F8FDBD05FA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, NE Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4BDABCFB7A0DE8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Ogaden (6 ° 30 ' N, 42 ° 30 ' E), 3,000 ft. (914 m).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4BDABCFB7A0DE8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and C Somalia, S Ethiopia, SE Sudan, NE Uganda, N Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD9F9FB700CF9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Brava.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD9F9FB700CF9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, N and C Tanzania, S Somalia, SW Angola, Namibia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD9F9FB700CF9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes cavendishi, damarensis and thomasi; see Ansell (1972: 64). May really constitute two species; see Ryder et al. (1989).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812D9CDA40F8D40EAC.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope saltiana Desmarest, 1816.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812D9CDA40F8D40EAC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Rhynchotragus; see Ansell (1972: 61). Revised in part by Yalden (1978).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD8C8FCCA0B1D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Somalia, Gharabwein, near Obbia (5 ° 25 ' N, 48 ° 25 ' E).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD8C8FCCA0B1D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Somalia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812C4AD8C8FCCA0B1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in swaynei by Ansell (1972: 62); but see Yalden (1978: 262). See also comment under saltiana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DFF3FA7D0ADB.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia (= Abyssinia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DFF3FA7D0ADB.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Sudan, N Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DFF3FA7D0ADB.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes cordeauxi; see Ansell (1972: 63). Includes erlangeri, phillipsi, and swaynei; see Yalden (1978: 262); but see also Ansell (1972: 62).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DDF9FD970855.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cameroon, Bulu Country, Efulen.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DDF9FD970855.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Nigeria, SE Cameroon, NE Gabon, N Congo Republic, E Zaire, W Uganda.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812D9FDEBCFB5B09E9.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra pygmaea Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812D9FDEBCFB5B09E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Nesotragus; see Ansell (1972: 68).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DC35FABB07CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Chapani Isl., 2 mi. (3 km) from Zanzibar.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DC35FABB07CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Kenya south to Malawi, Mozambique, and Natal and E Transvaal (South Africa); Zanzibar and Mafia Isis (Tanzania).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DC35FABB07CF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as N. m. moschatus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB5DC35FABB07CF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes livingstonianus; see Ellerman et al. (1953).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB4D3DFFC59060B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea, India " (= west coast of Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812DB4D3DFFC59060B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Ghana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF812D9ED2EEFB4806B7.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope oreotragus Zimmermann, 1783.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF822DB5D296F9530EEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF822DB5D296F9530EEE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: C Nigeria, N Central African Republic, E Sudan and Ethiopia south to South Africa and west to S Zaire, Zambia and E Botswana; Namibia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB11FF822DB5D296F9530EEE.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as O. o. porteousi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822D8BDAD3FC910D41.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope scoparia Schreber, 1799 (= Antilope ourebi Zimmermann, 1783).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA6D921FBC60CE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope (= Uitenhage Dist., see Roberts, 1951).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA6D921FBC60CE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W and C Ethiopia and S Somalia, south and southwest to E South Africa, N Botswana, N Namibia, Angola, and S Zaire.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA6D921FBC60CE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For synonyms see Ansell (1972: 66).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822D8AD8DEFC0F0B67.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope hodgsonii Aber, 1826.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DF46FD490B9A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, Kooti Pass in Arrun Valley, Tingri Maiden.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DF46FD490B9A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tibet, Tsinghai, Szechwan (China); Ladak (N India).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DF46FD490B9A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DD67FD190997.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, SE Transbaikalia, Chitinsk. Obi., upper Onon River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DD67FD190997.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, Mongolia except mountains and SW desert, N China, and Transbaikalia (Russia); now restricted to E Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (China); see Sokolov and Orlov (1980: 280).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822D8ADE42F8FD0A87.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Procapra picticaudata Hodgson, 1846.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822D8ADE42F8FD0A87.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1967 a). Gromov and Baranova (1981: 393) considered Procapra a subgenus of Gazella; but Groves (1985 a) maintained its status as a genus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DC74FD7C088D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, Hundes Dist; but according to Groves (1967 a), the locality is more likely the district N of Sikkim.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA0DC74FD7C088D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Szechwan, Tsinghai, Tibet (China); adjacent Indian Himalayas; possibly Sinkiang (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA1DC9CFDCC0622.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Mongolia, Chagrin-Gol (= Steppe); erroneously given as China, S Ordos Desert by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), which was followed by Gromov and Baranova (1981).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA1DC9CFDCC0622.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tsinghai to Inner Mongolia (NC China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822DA1DC9CFDCC0622.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a subspecies of picticaudata by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 388).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF832DA6D16AF9A10E39.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF832DA6D16AF9A10E39.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N and C Tanzania; S Kenya; Angola, W Zambia, Zimbabwe, and S Mozambique south to South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB12FF822D8BD215FB3F069A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cerophorus acuticornis Blainville, 1816 (= Antilope campestris Thunberg, 1811).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DDDCFA4D07E1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Mexico " (= C Kansas, " Quivira "), see Hershkovitz (19576); redesignated as Canadian River valley, E New Mexico (USA), see McDonald (1981: 62).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DDDCFA4D07E1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly NW and C Canada, south through USA, to Chihuahua, Coahuila (Mexico). Exterminated in the wild except in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming (USA) and Wood Buffalo Park, Northwest Territory (Canada). Reintroduced widely within native range and in C Alaska.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DDDCFA4D07E1.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. b. athabascae.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DDDCFA4D07E1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Meagher (1986, Mammalian Species, 266).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB5D3C3F8F80501.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bialowieza Forest, Poland.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB5D3C3F8F80501.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe, originally from S Sweden south to the Pyrenees Mtns and Balkans east to R. Don and W Caucasus Mtns (Russia), surviving in France until about 6 th century, in Germany, Rumania and W Russia into 18 th century and in Caucasus Mtns and Poland until early part of present century; extinct except where now reintroduced to E Poland, W Russia, and Caucasus Mtns.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB5D3C3F8F80501.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB5D3C3F8F80501.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered conspecific with bison by Bohlken (1967) and Van Zyll de Jong (1986); but not included in B. bison by Meagher (1986). Reviewed by Flerov (1979).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832D9EDD63FB6C09CD.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bos bison Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832D9EDD63FB6C09CD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Bohlken (1967), McDonald (1981), and Van Zyll de Jong (1986). A synonym of Bos according to Groves (19814).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832D9EDEE0FB2A0ABE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Tribe Bovini. Reviewed by Groves (19814).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB7DA08FC1C0D64.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB7DA08FC1C0D64.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Cape Prov. (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB7D944F94F0C76.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Malawi (= Nyasaland), S Angoniland.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB7D944F94F0C76.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, SE Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, N Botswana, Swaziland, NE Transvaal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB7D944F94F0C76.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in melanotis by Haltenorth (1963: 78) but see Ansell (1972: 67).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832D99D829FD730B72.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra tatarica Linnaeus, 1766.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832D99D829FD730B72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This generic name is spelt " Saiga " on p. xxvi and “ Siaga " on p. 160 of the original citation.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DF50FA680A38.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: W Kazakhstan, " Ural Steppes. "	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DF50FA680A38.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Caucasus (Kalmyk Steppe, Russia), Kazakhstan, N Uzbekistan, SW Mongolia, Sinkiang (China). Formerly west to Poland.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DF50FA680A38.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered as S. t. mongolica.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF832DB4DF50FA680A38.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Sokolov (1974, Mammalian Species, 38).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF8C2D9CD1F4FDFF0EC8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB13FF8C2D9CD1F4FDFF0EC8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 380).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DADCF8ED0C63.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Bangladesh, NE Chittagong (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DADCF8ED0C63.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, S Tibet and Yunnan (China), S Vietnam, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DADCF8ED0C63.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I, U. S. ESA - Endangered, and IUCN - Vulnerable as Bos gaurus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DADCF8ED0C63.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes gaurus; but see Corbet and Hill (1991: 130). Formerly placed in Bibos.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D95D843FCC10BFD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Boreal Asia (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D95D843FCC10BFD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sinkiang, Tibet, Tsinghai, Szechwan (China); Ladak (N India); Nepal; domesticated in C Asia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D95D843FCC10BFD.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as B. (= [sic] grunniens) mutus; U. S. ESA - Endangered as B. g. mutus; IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D95D843FCC10BFD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes mutus; but see Corbet (1978 c: 206). Formerly placed in Poephagus. Reviewed by Olsen (1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DFCDFE530926.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Java.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DFCDFE530926.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Burma, Thailand, and Indochina south to N Peninsular Malaysia; Java; Borneo; introduced to Australia, Bali Isl, Sangihe and Enggano Isis; domesticated in SE Asia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DFCDFE530926.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DFCDFE530926.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For use of javanicus instead of banteng, see Hooijer (1956). Formerly placed in Bibos.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2DAADD04FAFA0834.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Cambodia, near Tchep Village.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2DAADD04FAFA0834.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cambodia, SE Thailand, S Laos, W Vietnam.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2DAADD04FAFA0834.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2DAADD04FAFA0834.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Novibos by Coolidge (1940); but see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 380). Reviewed by MacKinnon and Stuart (1989).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DC1AFDCE06F8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Upsala according to Thomas (1911 a); but Linnaeus (1758) cited " Habitat in Poloniae ", possibly refering to the Aurochs, which he recognized as conspecific with domestic cattle.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DC1AFDCE06F8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Europe and W Russia to the Middle East, surviving at least into the Iron Age in the Middle East; extinct in the wild, except in Poland, by commencement of 15 th century; last wild individual died in 1627. Distributed worldwide under domestication; feral populations in Spain, France, Australia, New Guinea, USA, Colombia, Argentina and many islands, including Hawaiian, Galapagos, Dominican Republic / Haiti, Tristan da Cunha, New Amsterdam and Juan Fernandez Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2D94DC1AFDCE06F8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes primigenius (extinct wild ancestor) and indicus; but see Corbet (1978 c: 206).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8C2DFFD2D4FD3B0556.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope tragocamelus Pallas, 1766.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8D2DAAD137FC150E21.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, no exact locality (" Plains of Peninsular India ").	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1CFF8D2DAAD137FC150E21.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Pakistan and N India south to Bombay and Mysore; introduced into Texas (USA).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DD956F91F0BC9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Asia "?; restricted by Thomas (1911 a) to Italy, Rome, but Linnaeus (1758) stated " Habitat in Asia, cultus in Italia ".	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DD956F91F0BC9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly India to Indochina; true wild populations survive in Assam and Orissa (India), Nepal, N Thailand, and possibly in Bangladesh, Cambodia and Vietnam; domesticated in N Africa and S Europe east to Indonesia and in E South America; feral populations in Sri Lanka, Borneo and other parts of SE Asia, New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea), and Australia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DD956F91F0BC9.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal) as B. arnee " formerly listed as B. bubalis, a nonprotected, domesticated form " - but see comments below; IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DD956F91F0BC9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes arnee, the name used for the species by those workers who do not employ specific names based on domestic animals: bubalis is the senior synonym; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 383); but see also Corbet and Hill (1991: 130).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDFD9FB1C0AB5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi (= Celebes).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDFD9FB1C0AB5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sulawesi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDFD9FB1C0AB5.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDFD9FB1C0AB5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes anoa; see Groves (1982 e). Formerly included in Anoa but placed in genus Bubalus, subgenus Anoa by Groves (1969 b: 3).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2D97DA15FBA80D72.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bos bubalis Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2D97DA15FBA80D72.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Anoa; see Groves (1969 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDE94FAAD09F1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Honan, Chang-Te-Ho on the Yellow River near Chang-Te-Fu.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDE94FAAD09F1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Extinct; formerly in NE China, survived until the Shang Dynasty, 18 - 12 th Century BC; see Teilhard de Chardin and Young (1936).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDDD0FB0D08C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Philippines, Mindoro.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDDD0FB0D08C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mindoro (Philippines).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDDD0FB0D08C6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C4DDDD0FB0D08C6.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A subspecies of B. bubalis according to Bohlken (1958), but restored to specific status, in subgenus Bubalus, by Groves (1969 b: 10).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C42DCA7FCEE07D1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sulawesi, mountains of C Toradja Dist.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C42DCA7FCEE07D1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Sulawesi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C42DCA7FCEE07D1.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2C42DCA7FCEE07D1.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Subgenus Anoa; see Groves (1969 b). Formerly included in A. depressicornis; see Haltenorth (1963: 131).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2D94D38AFD9B06DE.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bos brachyceros Gray, 1837 (= Bos caffer Sparrman, 1779).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8D2D94D38AFD9B06DE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Considered a subgenus of Bubalus by Haltenorth (1963: 133). Reviewed by Grubb (1972).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8E2C43D2AFFBC70EB9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Sunday River, Algoa Bay.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8E2C43D2AFFBC70EB9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to S Ethiopia to S Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1DFF8E2C43D2AFFBC70EB9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For synonyms see Ansell (1972: 18).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1D86CFB9E0BEF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gambia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1D86CFB9E0BEF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, Gambia to S Sudan and NW Uganda; now in Senegal to Guinea and Cameroon to S Sudan; may survive in S Mali and NE Nigeria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1D86CFB9E0BEF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as T. d. derbianus; IUCN - Vulnerable as Tragelaphus derbianus gigas.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1D86CFB9E0BEF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as conspecific with T. oryx by Haltenorth (1963: 86), but usually treated as a full species; see Ansell (1972: 26).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1DFFFFC560AFF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA1DFFFFC560AFF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Angola to S Africa; thence north through Botswana, S Zaire, Malawi, Zambia, and Tanzania to SE Sudan and SW Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2D8BDA9DFB6B0D9F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope oreas Pallas, 1777 (= Antilope oryx Pallas, 1766).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2D8BDA9DFB6B0D9F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: This genus has been included in Tragelaphus; see Van Gelder (1977 a, b) and Ansell (1978: 53). Generic rank was restored by Smithers (1983: 679), Meester et al. (1986: 216), and Ansell and Dowsett (1988: 87).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2D88DEA3F8C4097B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope chickara Hardwicke, 1825 (= Cerophorus quadricornis Blainville, 1816).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7DD4AF9C7099C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, no exact locality (" Plains of Peninsular India ").	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7DD4AF9C7099C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India, north to Nepal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7DD4AF9C7099C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Nepal).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA6D354FCF507B1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Zululand, St. Lucia Bay.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA6D354FCF507B1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Malawi; Mozambique; N and S Zimbabwe; Swaziland; Natal and E Transvaal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7D391FD1B06AA.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, Bak Prov., Sahatu Mtns, southeast of Lake Zwai, 9,000 ft. (2,743 m).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7D391FD1B06AA.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, east of Rift Valley.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2DA7D391FD1B06AA.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2D8BDC47FD0E0774.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope sylvatica Sparrman, 1780 (= Antilope scripta Pallas, 1766).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8E2D8BDC47FD0E0774.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Boocercus, Limnotragus, Nyala and Strepsiceros; see Ansell (1972: 20) and Van Gelder (1977 a, b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8F2DA4D2B4FA5A0E1C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: West Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8F2DA4D2B4FA5A0E1C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Benin; S Cameroon and N Gabon to Central African Republic, S Sudan and Zaire; S Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8F2DA4D2B4FA5A0E1C.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1EFF8F2DA4D2B4FA5A0E1C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: r. euryceros is a later spelling; see Haltenorth (1963: 86). Formerly placed in Boocercus. Reviewed by Ralls (1978, Mammalian Species, 111).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2D92DCEEF8DF076C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope lervia Pallas, 1777.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2D92DCEEF8DF076C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Ansell (1972: 70) included Ammotragus in Capra; but see comment under Capra.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C48D37DF9440654.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Algeria, Department of Oran.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C48D37DF9440654.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Western Sahara to W Egypt; Mali to Sudan; introduced to USA, N Mexico and Spain.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C48D37DF9440654.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C48D37DF9440654.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by G. G. Gray and Simpson (1980, Mammalian Species, 144).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2D93D20FFBAB06D6.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDAEDFDC60DC5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Abyssinia " (= Ethiopia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDAEDFDC60DC5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, E Tanzania, NE Uganda, Somalia, SE Ethiopia, SE Sudan, Yemen, SW Saudi Arabia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDAEDFDC60DC5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Arabian records are based on only two specimens (Harrison and Bates, 1991: 192).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FD9ABF9030B55.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FD9ABF9030B55.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Mauritania to Ethiopia and S Somalia, and south to N Namibia and South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDF37F9390AA0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Karagwe, W of Lake Victoria, restricted to Bukoba district, Lake Lwelo, 2 ° S, 30 ° 57 ' E by Moreau et al. (1946: 441).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDF37F9390AA0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Gambia and Senegal; Togo to S Sudan, south to Angola, Caprivi Strip (NE Namibia), N Botswana and extreme NW of Zimbabwe, and east to W Kenya, W Tanzania, Zambia and W Mozambique.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4FDF37F9390AA0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4EDE81FA9B086E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope; or Namibia, Gammafluss (= Lowen River). See Meester et al. (1986: 217).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF8F2C4EDE81FA9B086E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Chad, N Central African Republic, W and E Sudan, NE Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia south and southwest to South Africa, Namibia, Angola and SE Zaire.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF882C4ED2B4F9BB0E3D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Mishmi Hills.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF882C4ED2B4F9BB0E3D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sikkim and Mishmi Hills (NE India); Bhutan; N Burma; SE Tibet, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Yunnan (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF882C4ED2B4F9BB0E3D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Rare as B. t. bedfordi, Indeterminate as B. t. tibetana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1FFF882C4ED2B4F9BB0E3D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Neas and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 277).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAED8ECFC8E0A6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Caucasus Mtns, between Malka and Baksan Rivers, east of Mt. Elbrus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAED8ECFC8E0A6F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: W Caucasus Mtns (Russia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAED8ECFC8E0A6F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly caucasico is the prior name for cylindricornis, in which case this species should be termed severtzovi; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951: 407). See also comment under cylindricornis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DE7EFC580978.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Georgia, E Caucasus Mtns, Mt. Kasbek.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DE7EFC580978.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Caucasus Mtns (Azerbaijan, E Georgia, Russia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DE7EFC580978.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly a junior synonym of caucasico; see Gromov and Baranova (1981: 404). See also comment under caucasico.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAFDD49FE3A08A5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Astor.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAFDD49FE3A08A5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; N and C Pakistan; N India; Kashmir; S Uzbekistan and Tadzhikistan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAFDD49FE3A08A5.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I C. f. chialtanensis, C. f. falconeri, C. f. heptneri, C. f. jerdoni, and C. f. megaceros; otherwise Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered as C. f. jerdoni, C. f. megaceros, and in Chiltan Range of WC Pakistan as C. aegagrus (= C. f. chiltanensis [sic]); IUCN - Endangered as C. f. megaceros, otherwise Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DC87FB3706EE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DC87FB3706EE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Turkey, Caucasus region, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Iran, SW Afghanistan, S Pakistan, Oman (feral?), extinct in Lebanon and Syria; domesticated worldwide; feral populations in British Isles, islands in the Mediterranean, USA, Canada, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Australia, New Zealand and many oceanic islands including Bonin, Hawaiian, Galapagos, Seychelles, and Juan Fernandez Isis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DA9DC87FB3706EE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes aegagrus, but see Corbet (1978 c: 214).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAFD2FCFCB90500.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland, Valais.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DAFD2FCFCB90500.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly the mountains of France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and N Italy; extinct except in Italy but now reintroduced into much of its former range.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DF3DAE1FCAF0C1D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF882DF3DAE1FCAF0C1D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Orthaegoceros; see Heptner et al. (1961: 593). Various authors have included Ammotragus and Ovis; see Ansell (1972: 70) and Van Gelder (1977 b); probably should also include Pseudois. However, most authors have not followed this arrangement; see G. G. Gray and Simpson (1980), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Hall (1981), and Corbet and Hill (1991). There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only two (hircus and falconeri); see Haltenorth (1963), while others would recognize up to nine. Heptner et al. (1961) are followed here.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF892DAED11EF9CE0EAE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, " Upper Egypt ".	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF892DAED11EF9CE0EAE.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Egypt east of the Nile, NE Sudan, and Syria south to Yemen and east to Oman.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB18FF892DAED11EF9CE0EAE.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Uerpmann (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DABCFB490DC7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, Pyrenees Mtns, Huesca, near Maladetta Pass.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DABCFB490DC7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Iberian Peninsula.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DABCFB490DC7.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as C. p. pyrenaica.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47D9A7F9B40B51.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Siberia, Sayan Mtns, near Munku Sardyx.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47D9A7F9B40B51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mountain ranges of N Afghanistan, N Pakistan, and N India through Tadzhikistan, Kirgizia, E Kazakhstan and S Siberia (Russia) to Sinkiang (China) and S and W Mongolia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47D9A7F9B40B51.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Heptner et al. (1961).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DF30FE170A26.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Ethiopia, mountains of Simien.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DF30FE170A26.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DF30FE170A26.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C47DF30FE170A26.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Ansell (1972: 70) and Yalden et al. (1984).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892DABDE1AF9D60AA3.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra jharal Hodgson, 1833 (= Capra jemlahica H. Smith, 1826).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DE82FB5E0869.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Nilgiri Hills.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DE82FB5E0869.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SW and S India.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DE82FB5E0869.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DE82FB5E0869.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth (1963: 125) but generally regarded as a full species, for example by Corbet and Hill (1991).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DC79F8FE0880.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Oman, Jebel Akhdar Range, Jebel Taw.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DC79F8FE0880.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Oman, United Arab Emirates.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DC79F8FE0880.taxon	conservation	STATUS: U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C41DC79F8FE0880.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth (1963: 125) but see Harrison (1968: 324).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C46D361FCFD061D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Jemla Hills.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C46D361FCFD061D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas, from Kashmir through N India to Nepal and Sikkim; S Tibet (China). Introduced in New Zealand and SW Cape Prov. (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892C46D361FCFD061D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Specific name is spelt " jemlanica " on p. 308 and " jemlahica " in legend to the plate on the opposite unnumbered page, dated 1826, in the original description which was published in 1827.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892DA8D2C6F99A05F0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope goral Hardwicke, 1825.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB19FF892DA8D2C6F99A05F0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: The original spelling is " Naemorhedus ". Nemorhaedus, Naemorhaedus, Nemorhedus, and Nemorrhedus are later spellings. Reviewed by J. M. Dolan (1963); and also by Groves and Grubb (1985) who included Capricornis in this genus.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DA40FC460D2E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, Tibet, Borni, Dre on banks of Yigron Tso.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DA40FC460D2E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Tibet and Yunnan (China); N Burma; Assam (NE India).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DA40FC460D2E.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DA40FC460D2E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a valid species by Groves and Grubb (1985); and by Zhang Cizu (1987, under the name cranbrooki).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D93FF92B0C14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Amurland, Bureja Mtns.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D93FF92B0C14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Soviet Far East (Russia), E China, E Burma, W Thailand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D93FF92B0C14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a species distinct from N. goral by Groves and Grubb (1985).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D8F5FD9D0BE5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Honshu.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D8F5FD9D0BE5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Japan).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9D8F5FD9D0BE5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in sumatraensis by Haltenorth (1963: 119); but a valid species according to Dolan (1963).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DFCBF8E60AF5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, in the Himalayas.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DFCBF8E60AF5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Pakistan, N India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim (NE India).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DFCBF8E60AF5.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DFCBF8E60AF5.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by J. I. Mead (1989, Mammalian Species, 335, as Nemorhaedus goral).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9DED4FA3108C6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Sumatra.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9DED4FA3108C6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N India; Nepal; Sikkim (NE India); Burma; China north to Gansu and Anhui; Thailand; Indochina; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA9DED4FA3108C6.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered; IUCN - Endangered as Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DCA4F90B07FF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Taiwan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DCA4F90B07FF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DCA4F90B07FF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DA8DCA4F90B07FF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a species distinct form N. crispus by Groves and Grubb (1985).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DAED248F9840518.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: USA, Washington, Mt. Adams.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DAED248F9840518.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Alaska (USA), S Yukon and SW Mackenzie (Canada) to NC Oregon, C Idaho, and Montana (USA). Introduced to Kodiak, Chichagof, and Baranof Isis (Alaska), Olympic Peninsula (Washington), C Montana, Black Hills (South Dakota), and Colorado (USA).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DAED248F9840518.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Rideout and Hoffmann (1975, Mammalian Species, 63).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DF3D3A0F8EE067A.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Mazama dorsata Rafinesque, 1817 (= R [upicapral americanus Blainville, 1816).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1AFF8A2DF0D1C0FBF0059B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Bos moschatus Zimmerman, 1780.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C44DA47FA8F0D19.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Manitoba, between Seal and Churchill Rs.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C44DA47FA8F0D19.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Point Barrow, Alaska (USA) east to NE Greenland, south to NE Manitoba (Canada). Range now much reduced. Introduced to Seward Peninsula and Nunivak Isl, Alaska (USA); Taimyr Peninsula and Wrangel Isl (Russia); Svalbard (Norway).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C44DA47FA8F0D19.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Lent (1988, Mammalian Species, 302).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DF4EFB3009F7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Vostochno-Kazakhstansk. Obi., Altai Mtns, Bukhtarma; near Ust-Kamenogorsk.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DF4EFB3009F7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Siberia, E Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, and Tadzhikistan, south to Pamir Range in NE Afghanistan and N Pakistan; Ladak (N India); Nepal; Sikkim (NE India); Sinkiang and Tibet to Inner Mongolia (China); Mongolia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DF4EFB3009F7.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I O. a. hodgsoni, otherwise Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. a. hodgsoni.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DF4EFB3009F7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Haltenorth (1963: 121) and Corbet (1978 c: 218) included orientalis (= aries), musimon and vignei; but see review by Nadler et al. (1973) and Corbet and Hill (1991: 136). Subspecies reviewed by Sopin (1982).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DDD4FE1606CF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden (domesticated stock).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DDD4FE1606CF.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S and E Turkey, Armenia, S Azerbaijan, N Iraq, W Iran. Domesticated worldwide; primitive domestic populations (mouflon) feral on Corsica and Sardinia, introduced from there to Europe, Crimea (USSR), USA (incl. Hawaiian Isis), Chile, Kerguelen Isis, Tenerife (Canary Isis); on Cyprus; and on St. Kilda and other small islands off the British Isles; improved domestic stock feral in Norway, Sweden, USA, islands off coasts of British Isles and New Zealand, Kerguelen Isis, and probably other oceanic islands.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DDD4FE1606CF.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as O. orientalis ophion; U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. musimon ophion; IUCN - Vulnerable as O. orientalis musimon and O. orientalis ophion.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2C47DDD4FE1606CF.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes orientalis; see Nadler et al. (1973). Also includes musimon and ophion, primitive domestic sheep, now feral; see S. Payne (1968), Vigne (1988), and Hemmer (1990). Hybridizes with vignei in C Iran; see Nadler et al. (1971 b) and Valdez et al. (1978).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2DA9D9FCFE370B78.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFF8B2DA9D9FCFE370B78.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Placed in Capra by Van Gelder (1977 b); see comments under Capra. There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only one (ammon; see Haltenorth, 1963: 126 - 128); others two (ammon, canadensis; see Corbet, 1978 c: 218); while others recognize up to seven, as do the most recent reviews (Korobitsyna et al., 1974; Nadler et al., 1973). Six species are listed here.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFFB42C45D2DEFCCD0EF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Canada, Alberta, Mountains on Bow River, near Exshaw.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFFB42C45D2DEFCCD0EF0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S British Columbia and SW Alberta (Canada) to Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora and Baja California (Mexico).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFFB42C45D2DEFCCD0EF0.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II for Mexican population.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB1BFFB42C45D2DEFCCD0EF0.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Corbet (1978 c: 218) included nivicola; but see also Korobitsyna et al. (1974) and Corbet and Hill (1991: 135). Revised by Cowan (1940). Reviewed by Shackleton (1985, Mammalian Species, 230).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAFDAD6FDA00DC7.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Alaska, west bank of Yukon River, Tanana Hills.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAFDAD6FDA00DC7.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alaska to N British Columbia and W Mackenzie (Canada).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAFDAD6FDA00DC7.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Cowan (1940). Reviewed by Bowyer and Leslie (1992, Mammalian Species, 393).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED9A6FA5B0C8D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, E Kamchatka.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED9A6FA5B0C8D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Putorana Mtns, NC Siberia; NE Siberia from Lena River east to Chukotka and Kamchatka (Russia).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED9A6FA5B0C8D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Corbet (1978 c: 218) and others included nivicola in canadensis; but see Korobitsyna et al. (1974) and Gromov and Baranova (1981: 407).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED89FFD510A1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: India, Kashmir, Astor.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED89FFD510A1A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, and NE Iran to Afghanistan, Pakistan, and NW India; Oman (introduced?).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED89FFD510A1A.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA - Endangered as O. v. vignei.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED89FFD510A1A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Hybridizes with orientalis (= aries) in C Iran; see Nadler et al. (1971 b) and Valdez et al. (1978).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DF2DEC3FE3C092D.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Ovis nayaur Hodgson, 1833.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DF2DEC3FE3C092D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Groves (1978 c). Reviewed by Wang Xiao-ming and Hoffmann (1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DD3FF99F083D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Nepal, Tibetan frontier.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DD3FF99F083D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Pamir Range in Tadzhikistan, N Pakistan, Ladak (N India) and Tibet (China) east to Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi (China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DD3FF99F083D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: See Wang Xiao-ming and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 278).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DC0DFBBB0755.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: China, upper Yangtze Gorge, Drupalong, south of Batang.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DC0DFBBB0755.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Upper Yangtze Gorge (W China).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DA9DC0DFBBB0755.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: A separate species according to Groves (1978 c: 183). See Wang Xiao-ming and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 278).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DF2D309FDDE0653.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Capra rupicapra Linnaeus, 1768.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DF2D309FDDE0653.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Revised by Lovari and Scala (1980, 1984), Scala and Lovari (1984), and Nascetti et al. (1985).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED233F9480519.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Spain, Pyrenees.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED233F9480519.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Spain; Appenine Mtns (Italy).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED233F9480519.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U. S. ESA - Endangered asR. rupicapraornata; IUCN - Vulnerable as R. p. ornata.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB42DAED233F9480519.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a species distinct from R. rupicaprabyLovari (1985,1987).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB52DAED1E8FADE0E80.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB52DAED1E8FADE0E80.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Alps of France and Switzerland east to Carpathians (Romania), Tatra Mtns (Czechoslovakia), Caucasus Mtns, and Turkey; introduced to New Zealand.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB24FFB52DAED1E8FADE0E80.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as R. r. cartusiana, Rare as R. r. tatrica.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D8E2F8EF0B26.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Zanzibar.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D8E2F8EF0B26.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zanzibar (Tanzania), Sokoke Forest (Kenya).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D8E2F8EF0B26.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D8E2F8EF0B26.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly conspecific with natalensis and / or callipygus; see Ansell (1972: 33).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DF07F9550A34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon, Gabon River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DF07F9550A34.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: West of Congo and Ubangi Rivers in Congo Republic; S Central African Republic; Gabon and S Cameroon.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DF07F9550A34.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly conspecific with natalensis and / or adersi; see Ansell (1972: 33). According to Groves and Grubb (1974), callipygus is not related to natalensis.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DE14F9C70906.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DE14F9C70906.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Togo; SE Nigeria to Central African Republic and Zaire, south to N Angola.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DE14F9C70906.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52DABD90DF8AF0C0C.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope silvicultrix Afzelius, 1815.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52DABD90DF8AF0C0C.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Van Gelder (1977 b) included Sylvicapra. However, recent authors have not followed this arrangement; see Swanepoel et al. (1980: 188) and Meester et al. (1986).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DDE4F95408E9.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Dist., Kahe Forest west of Taveta.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DDE4F95408E9.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Somalia, E Kenya, E and S Tanzania, N Malawi, E. Zambia, sight records from E Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DDE4F95408E9.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Treated as a species separate from C. natalensis by Kingdon (1982: 297).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DCFBFC5E070D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Liberia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DCFBFC5E070D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone, Liberia, W Ivory Coast.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DCFBFC5E070D.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41DCFBFC5E070D.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Kuhn (1968).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D31CFDDE0674.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C41D31CFDDE0674.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo Republic, SW and E Zaire.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C46D258FC43055A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C46D258FC43055A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal and Gambia to SW Nigeria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB52C46D258FC43055A.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in monticola by Haltenorth and Diller (1977: 43). Reviewed by Ralls (1973, Mammalian Species, 31).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB62C46D12BFA2C0D14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Province, Knysna District, Langkloof (= " Lange Kloof "), 33 ° 40 ' S, 23 ° 40 ' E; see Meester et al. (1986: 196).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB62C46D12BFA2C0D14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Nigeria to Kenya and Tanzania, south to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, E Zimbabwe and Mozambique; Natal and E Cape Province (South Africa); Zanzibar; Bioko; Pemba Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB62C46D12BFA2C0D14.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB25FFB62C46D12BFA2C0D14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: May include maxwellii; see Haltenorth and Diller (1977: 43).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DAAD9F4FD910CE4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Durban (" Port Natal ").	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DAAD9F4FD910CE4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Tanzania, S Malawi, Mozambique, Natal (South Africa).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DAAD9F4FD910CE4.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly includes adersi and / or callipygus; see Ansell (1972: 34), who also included weynsi.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DAAD8C5FDF40B20.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Guinea Coast " = Ghana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DAAD8C5FDF40B20.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Guinea to Nigeria, west of lower Niger River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DF01F9780A5A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Gabon.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DF01F9780A5A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon to Zaire, Rwanda and W Uganda, south to N Angola; Mt. Elgon (Uganda / Kenya); Aberdare Range and Mt. Kenya (Kenya).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DE28FD1E092B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Equatorial Guinea, Fernando Po (= Bioko).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DE28FD1E092B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone, Liberia, W Ivory Coast, W Ghana, SE Nigeria, S Cameroon, Bioko, S Gabon.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DE28FD1E092B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DD38F95D0843.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Uganda, Ruwenzori District.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DD38F95D0843.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Ruwenzori Mtns in E Zaire and W Uganda.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DD38F95D0843.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DD38F95D0843.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Regarded as a species separate from C. nigrifrons by Kingdon (1982: 292).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC5DFD3A088E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Waterloo Village.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC5DFD3A088E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to SW Sudan and NE Uganda south to Cameroon and N Zaire.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC9FFD140627.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: " Sierra Leone and region of Pongas and Quia Rivers [Guinea]. "	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC9FFD140627.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to SW Sudan, W Uganda and Rwanda, south to Angola and Zambia; W Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC9FFD140627.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62D95DC9FFD140627.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Lumpkin and Kranz (1984, Mammalian Species, 225, as Cephalophus sylvicultor).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DABD201FA74055B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Tanzania, Mt. Kilimanjaro.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DABD201FA74055B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of NE and C Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DABD201FA74055B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB62DABD201FA74055B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Possibly a subspecies of silvicultor (Haltenorth, 1963: 71).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB72DABD12AFE1A0E14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zaire, near Stanley Falls.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB72DABD12AFE1A0E14.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, W Kenya.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB26FFB72DABD12AFE1A0E14.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Formerly included in callipygus, but separate according to Groves and Grubb (1974).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4ADD3BFBD60838.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Probably Senegambia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4ADD3BFBD60838.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Mauritania to Sudan; formerly Egypt to Tunisia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4ADD3BFBD60838.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4ADD3BFBD60838.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Nearly extinct in wild (East, 1990).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72D9FDE92FB52092B.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Cerophorus nasomaculata Blainville, 1816.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BDAF4FA730DDC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BDAF4FA730DDC.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Sierra Leone, Liberia, W Ivory Coast.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BDAF4FA730DDC.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BDAF4FA730DDC.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: For synonyms see Ansell (1980) and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985 a). Reviewed by Kuhn (1966).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C48D371FBCE078A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: N South Africa, Lataku (= Kuruman); see Harper (1940).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C48D371FBCE078A.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W Ethiopia; south to N South Africa, N Botswana and Namibia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BD39AFC44069B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Swellendam Dist.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BD39AFC44069B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Cape Province (South Africa); extirpated about 1799.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BD39AFC44069B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Extinct.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C4BD39AFC44069B.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Reviewed by Mohr (1967).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72D9DDC1DFB900897.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope leucophaea Pallas, 1766.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C48D8AEFD660A2B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Capetown.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72C48D8AEFD660A2B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Ethiopia and S Somalia, south to N and E Zaire, Rwanda and Tanzania; S Gabon, S Congo Republic and S Zaire south to South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72D92D981F9780CD8.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope mergens Desmarest, 1816 (= Capra grimmia Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB72D92D981F9780CD8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in Cephalophus by Haltenorth (1963: 71) and Van Gelder (19776: 18); but see Ansell (1978: 57), Swanepool et al. (1980: 188), and Meester et al. (1986).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB02C48D16AF9520EBD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Transvaal, Cashan Range (= Magaliesberge), near Pretoria.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB02C48D16AF9520EBD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Kenya to N South Africa, west to N Botswana; Angola, between Cuanza and Loando Rs.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB02C48D16AF9520EBD.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I, and U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered, as H. n. variani.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB27FFB02C48D16AF9520EBD.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes variarti; see Ansell (1972: 47). Original publication usually assumed to be Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838: 2 (pubi. July, 1838), but McAllan and Bruce (1989) have shown that an earlier publication is The Athenaeum (pubi. 27 Jan., 1838).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DF1D3A2FA84060E.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby, 1833.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DF1D3A2FA84060E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes Adenota and Onotragus; see Ansell (1972: 40).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADD9F1FE030B61.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Haraza, " probably Kordofan. "	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADD9F1FE030B61.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Formerly Western Sahara and Tunisia to Egypt; Mauritania to Sudan; survives only in Chad.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADD9F1FE030B61.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADD9F1FE030B61.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes tao; see Ansell (1972: 48). The name algazel Oken, 1816, was declared invalid by Opinion 417 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1956 b).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DF7D961FDB00D15.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope oryx Pallas, 1777 (= Capra gazella Linnaeus, 1758).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DACDF40FBDB0A2F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DACDF40FBDB0A2F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: NE Ethiopia and SE Sudan to Somalia, NE Uganda and N Tanzania; SW Angola, Botswana and W Zimbabwe to N South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DACDF40FBDB0A2F.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes beisa; see Ansell (1972: 49).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADDE3EFB180914.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Arabia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADDE3EFB180914.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: SE Arabian Peninsula; formerly Iraq. Probably became extinct in the wild, but maintained in captivity, and recently reintroduced into Arabia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADDE3EFB180914.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix I; U. S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DADDE3EFB180914.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in O. gazella by Haltenorth (1963: 88).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DAFDC0FFD5F0757.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Caledon, Houhoek (= " Ouwe-hoeck "); see Skead (1973: 79).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DAFDC0FFD5F0757.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Cape Prov. to Natal and Transvaal (South Africa); Lesotho and Swaziland.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB02DF1DC60FBB7083F.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antelope (sic) capreolus Forster, 1790.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB12DACD21CFB860EC8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, between Lataku (near Kuruman) and W coast of Africa, N of Orange River, on Molopo River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB12DACD21CFB860EC8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania; S Gabon, S Congo Republic and S Zaire, south to Caprivi Strip (Namibia), N and E Botswana and NE South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB20FFB12DACD21CFB860EC8.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Includes defassa; see Ansell (1972: 42).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4BDADEFDF40C63.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Upper Guinea, towards Senegal.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4BDADEFDF40C63.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to W Ethiopia and Sudan; south to N Zaire, Uganda, W Kenya and NW Tanzania. Now extinct in Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4AD842F8AD0C85.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Botswana (= Bechuanaland), Botletle (= Zoaga) River, near Lake Ngami.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4AD842F8AD0C85.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: N Botswana, NE Namibia, SE Angola, SE Zaire and Zambia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4AD842F8AD0C85.taxon	conservation	STATUS: CITES - Appendix II; U. S. ESA - Threatened; IUCN - Vulnerable.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4BDF64FDAE0BC3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Sudan, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Sobat River.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4BDF64FDAE0BC3.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Sudan, W Ethiopia.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12DB5DFA0F9AD0A8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Zambia, Barotseland, Chobe Valley, near Libonta (40 ° 30 ' S, 23 ° 15 ' E).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12DB5DFA0F9AD0A8E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Zaire, Zambia, Malawi and S Tanzania south to N Angola, NE Namibia, N Botswana; vagrant in N Zimbabwe.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12DB5DFA0F9AD0A8E.taxon	discussion	COMMENTS: Included in kob by Haltenorth (1963: 92) but see Ansell (1972: 44).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12DB5DDC6FDD408AD.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Bathurst Division. See A. Roberts (1951: 292).	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12DB5DDC6FDD408AD.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: S Gabon, S Congo Republic, S Zaire and Tanzania, south to N Namibia, N and E Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and E South Africa.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4ADCBDFB14066B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, E Cape Prov.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4ADCBDFB14066B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: E Nigeria and W Cameroon; SE Sudan; NE Uganda; C Ethiopia; Kenya; N Tanzania; Lesotho, E South Africa, and Swaziland marginally extending into S Mozambique and SE Botswana.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4ADCBDFB14066B.taxon	conservation	STATUS: IUCN - Endangered as R. f. adamauae.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12D9FDD73FB7609E0.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES: Antilope redunca Pallas, 1767.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4AD27BFD3C068D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY: Senegal, Goree (= Gori) Isl.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
D512126ADB21FFB12C4AD27BFD3C068D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION: Senegal to C Ethiopia; south to N Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania.	en	Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189
