taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A08781FF8FFFD8FBAD8B70EB03FBD0.taxon	discussion	These wasps are represented in all biogeographic regions except Australian, with their highest diversity found in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions (e. g., Huber & Pengelly 1978, Kimsey & Bohart 1991). Some Nearctic and Palearctic species are cleptoparasites of ground-nesting Crabronidae (Huber & Pengelly 1978, Kimsey & Bohart 1991, Kimsey 2006, Evans & O’Neill 2007). There is no record of hosts for the Neotropical species. This genus is easily distinguished from other Elampini in South America based on the following combination of unique features: T 3 distal margin produced medially, forming a snout-like process; female profemur ventrally keeled; metanotum produced, forming a mucronate-like sclerite; and female gena usually with a row of erect, even setae. Lucena & Gomes (2016) described a new species from northern Brazil, reviewed previously described ones, and presented a key for the species recorded in South America. In that study, Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901 was found to be a junior synonym of E. gayi Spinola, 1851, following the previous interpretation by Ducke (1911). The examination of additional material from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile revealed morphological differences between these species, as detailed below. In Brazil, this genus is currently represented by three species: E. aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901, E. macuxi Lucena, 2016 (in Lucena & Gomes 2016), and E. pulchricollis Ducke, 1911. Only E. aequinoctialis Ducke is recorded in northeastern Brazil.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 A – D)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype ♀, designated by Lucena & Gomes 2016: 560. BRAZIL, Pará, 25. vii. 1901, A. Ducke (MPEG: examined).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Metasomal terga with narrow translucent border along lateral margins; scapal basin smooth; dorsum of head, mesosoma and metasoma with sparse sculpturing; metanotum somewhat truncated posteriorly, broader than long; tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke closely resembles E. gayi Spinola. These species are almost identical, even comparing geographically distant samples. They can be distinguished based on the sparser sculpturing on vertex, pronotum, scutum, and disc of T 2 – T 3 of E. aequinoctialis (Fig. 2 A – D). Additionally, E. aequinoctialis is comparatively shorter than E. gayi (on average 3.6 vs. 4.4 mm).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará: 25. vii. 1901, A. Ducke (MPEG 11062003). Bahia: Jequié, campus UESB II, 20. xi. 2006, Silva-Júnior J. C. & cols. (CEDU-UNILA: 1 ♀). Ceará: Baturité, Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀). Minas Gerais: Passa Quatro, 1904, Wagner S. (MPEG: 1 ♀). São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, 1903, Wagner S. R. (MPEG: 1 ♀). Santa Vitória, ii. 1970, Oliveira F. H. (AMNH: 1 ♀). Santa Catarina: Seara [Nova Teutonia], 10. ii. 1948, Fritz P. (USNM: 2 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 29. ii. 1948 (USNM: 1 ♀); 07. ii. 1948 (AMNH: 1 ♂). São Paulo: Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 20 – 22. xii. 2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 2 ♀ 1 ♂). Same data as preceding, except: 26 – 28. xi. 2016, Almeida, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 2 ♀ 1 ♂). Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 19. xii. 2007, Perioto N. W. (RPSP: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 16. i. 2008 (RPSP: 2 ♀). Teodoro Sampaio, 20. i. 2012, Lopes P. R. (RPSP: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 18. ii. 2012 (RPSP: 3 ♀ 1 ♂).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pará, Santa Catarina, São Paulo) (Fig. 3).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8FFFDEFBAD8DCDEA0EFC9C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Elampus aequinoctialis and E. gayi are readily distinguished from other South American species by the shape and the development of metanotum, scapal basin lacking transverse striae, metasomal terga with narrow translucent rim, tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and the shape of apical T 3 (Lucena & Gomes 2016). Additionally, distinguishing the genders of E. aequinoctialis and E. gayi without extracting the genitalia is challenging. Some females can be easily recognized if the metasomal tube composed of the internalized terga (“ ovipositor ”) is exserted. However, if only the tip of the metasomal tube is visible, this structure can be confused with the partly exserted male genitalia and vice versa (see comments below for E. gayi). According to our interpretation, E. gayi corresponds to the records in central Chile and Argentina, with the recognition of E. aequinoctialis as a distinct species exclusive to Brazil (Fig. 3). The records for E. aequinoctialis in northeastern Brazil do not imply that this species occurs in the Caatinga biome, since two recorded sites represent distinct habitats: an evergreen Semidecidual forest “ Brejo de altitude ” in Baturité, Ceará state; and a transition zone between caatinga xerophilous vegetation and semidecidual evergreen forest in Jequié, Bahia state (Westerkamp et al. 2007, Lucena et al. 2012, 2021). Here we adopt the form of writing the species name as follows: Elampus aequinoctialis Ducke, 1901. Kimsey & Bohart (1991: 166) listed this species as Elampus aequinoctialis (Ducke, 1901), with parentheses enclosing the author and publication year to indicate the change in the generic combination. We follow Article 51.3.1 of the Code, which states that “ parentheses are not used when the species-group name was originally combined with an incorrect spelling or an emendation of the generic name ” (ICZN 1999). Our interpretation also applies to Elampus pulchricollis Ducke, 1911, as would apply to any other species-group names combined with an incorrectly spelled genus-group name. The historical controversy surrounding this genus name shall be addressed in future research with this taxon because it exceeds the scope of this work.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF89FFDCFBAD8A33EC8BFEF2.taxon	description	(Figs 2 E – H)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF89FFDCFBAD8A33EC8BFEF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species closely resembles E. aequinoctialis (Ducke). Elampus gayi is comparatively longer than E. aequinoctialis (4.4 mm in the former vs. 3.6 mm in the latter), and has denser sculpturing on vertex, pronotum, scutum, and disc of T 2 – T 3 (Fig. 2 E – H).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF89FFDCFBAD8A33EC8BFEF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀. CHILE: De Santa Rosa y de la Ligua, D. Gay (MRSN). Paralectotype female, CHILE, Gay (MNHN). ARGENTINA, Catamarca: Santa María, i. 1983, Peña (AMNH: 1 ♀). La Pampa: General Pico, 07. xii. 1940, Parker H. L. (USNM: 2 ♀). Mendoza: Santa Rosa, 1908, Jensen A. C. (MNHN: 1 ♀). San Juan: Zonda, 28. xi. 1993, Michelette E. R. F. (RPSP: 1 ♂). Same data as preceding, except: 17. xi. 1993 (RPSP: 2 ♂); 20. i. 1994 (RPSP: 1 ♀); 06. ii. 1994 (RPSP: 8 ♂). Río Negro: Lamarque, Fritz P. (AMNH: 1 ♀ 1 ♂). Luis Beltrán, xi. 1991, Fritz P. (AMNH: 1 ♂). Choele Choel, xi. 1991, Fritz P. (AMNH: 5 ♂). CHILE, Biobío: Concepción, 13. xii. 1908, Herbst P. (AMNH: 2 ♂). Coquimbo: La Higuera, Llanos de Los Choros, 15. x. 1971, Rozen & Peña (AMNH: 2 ♀ 1 ♂). Maule: Curicó, Río Teno, 25 – 28. xi. 1981, Luis & Peña (AMNH: 1 ♂). Santiago: Tiltil, Cuesta la Dormida, 01. xi. 1969, Rozen & Peña (AMNH: 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF89FFDCFBAD8A33EC8BFEF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Argentina (Catamarca, La Pampa, Mendoza, San Juan, Río Negro); Chile (Biobío, Coquimbo, Maule, Valparaiso, Santiago) (Fig. 3). See comments under E. aequinoctialis.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF89FFDCFBAD8A33EC8BFEF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown. Taxonomic notes and key to species of Elampus. The genus Elampus is now represented in South America by four valid species: E. aequinoctialis Ducke, E. gayi Spinola, E. macuxi Lucena, and E. pulchricollis Ducke. By summarizing the preceding remarks, amendments are needed in the previous key of South America species of Elampus (Lucena & Gomes 2016): couplets 2 – 3 are herein modified to include Elampus aequinoctialis.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF8BFFDCFBAD8F0CEBA2F811.taxon	discussion	This Neotropical genus contains three valid species: Exallopyga difficilis (Spinola, 1851), E. guatemalensis (Cameron, 1888), and E. jenseni (du Buysson, 1909). There are no records of hosts for this genus. Exallopyga is easily distinguished from other genera of Elampini based on the following combination of unique features: axilla slightly produced into the wing fossa; F 1 – F 5 with distinctly elongated distal sensillae; and the aedeagus of male genitalia with submedial spinose lobe (French 1985, Lucena & Almeida 2022). French (1985) described the genus, revised its species, and provided an identification key and illustrations of diagnostic characters. Only Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron) is known from Brazil.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype ♀, designed by French 1985: 623. GUATEMALA, Zapote: Panzós (NHMUK: not examined).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Coll. Edm. Andréi (MNHN: not examined).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	Holopyga kohli du Buysson 1901: 100.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype ♀ (by inference of “ holotype ”, see Rosa et al. 2020). BRAZIL (MNHN: not examined).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron) is easily distinguished from other species in the genus based on the following combination of characters: dark purple bands on dorsum of meso- and metasoma (absent in E. difficilis); female S 3 green or blue (black or non-metallic dark brown in E. jenseni); lateral ocelli partially encircled by small carina (absent in E. difficilis); females with emarginate T 3 distal rim (with distinct medial notch in E. jenseni); and the relatively large-sized body, with specimens 7 – 10 mm long (E. difficilis: 5 – 7 mm; and E. jenseni: 5 mm). Additionally, according to French (1985), the spinose lobe of aedeagus in E. guatemalensis is enlarged, reaching almost halfway to the tip of the aedeagus (reaching at most about one third the distance in E. difficilis and E. jenseni; see his Figures 7 – 9).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ of Holopyga (Hedychridium) pallidolimbata Ducke 1903. BRAZIL, Pará: Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, 17. viii. 1902, A. Ducke (MNHN 25530). Amapá: Macapá, São Joaquim do Pacuí, 13. xii. 1980, E. L. Oliveira (INPA: 1 ♀). Amazonas: Manaus, Embrapa Ocidental, 02 ° 53 ′ 29 ″ S 59 ° 58 ′ 45 ″ W, 14. ix. 2012, K. Schoeninger (INPA: 1 ♀). Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 29. viii. 1978 (INPA: 1 ♀). Barcelos, Parque Nacional do Jaú, Carabinani, 27. iv. 1995, J. A. Rafael & J. Vidal (INPA: 1 ♀). Bahia: Ilhéus, N. Nakayama (DZUP: 1 ♀). Ceará: Baturité, A. Ducke (MNHN: 1 ♀). Distrito Federal: Planaltina, 14. v. 2018, Aguiar, Santos, Silva, Carvalho & Viana / UNB 072381 (RPSP: 1 ♀). Maranhão: Bom Jardim, REBIO-RES. Biol. Gurupi, 06. xi. 2010, F. Limeirade-Oliveira, D. W. A Marques & E. A. S. Barbosa (INPA: 2 ♀). Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 19 ° 37 ′ S 42 ° 34 ′ W, 07. xi. 2002, J. C. R. Fontenelle (UFES 147576: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 01 – 08. xi. 2001 (UFES 147703: 1 ♀); 03 – 10. xi. 2004 (UFES 148299: 1 ♀); 26 – 02. x – xi. 2003 (UFES 148205: 1 ♀). Pará: Alenquer, 02. i. 1904, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀). Paraíba: Santa Teresinha, Fazenda Tamanduá, Mata Ciliar, 23. v. 2011, A. D. A. Lima (CEDU-UNILA: 1 ♀). São Paulo: Matão, 18. ix. 2007, F. Noll (RPSP: 1 ♀). Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 22 ° 13 ′ 27 ″ S 47 ° 54 ′ 05 ″ W, 26 – 28. xi. 2016, Almeida, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 1 ♀ 1 ♂). Same data as preceding, except: 20 – 22. xii. 2016 (RPSP 0818: 1 ♀); 28 – 31. i. 2017, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Delsin & Yoshida (RPSP 1746: 1 ♀). Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 21 ° 36 ′ 33 ″ S 47 ° 47 ′ 59 ″ W, 28 – 29. x. 2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 3 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 21 ° 37 ′ 26 ″ S 47 ° 48 ′ 26 ″ W, Mata Ciliar, Malaise Trap 1, 10. xii. 2008, N. W. Perioto (RPSP: 2 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: Malaise trap 2, 14. xii. 2006 (RPSP: 1 ♀); Malaise trap 1, 16. i. 2008 (RPSP: 2 ♀); Malaise trap 1, 05. xii. 2007 (RPSP: 1 ♀); Malaise trap 2, 04. i. 2007 (RPSP: 1 ♀); Malaise trap 1, 14. xii. 2006 (RPSP: 2 ♀); 30. i. 2008 (RPSP: 1 ♀). Rio Claro, Horto Florestal, 05. viii. 1987, R. P. Martins (MZSP 04694: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 04. viii. 1987 (UFMG 1305756: 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. ARGENTINA (Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Misiones, Tucumán, Salta); BRAZIL (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo); COSTA RICA (Cartago, Heredia, Guanacaste); COLOMBIA (Meta); GUATEMALA (Alta Verapaz, San Francisco); PANAMA (Barro Colorado); PARAGUAY (San Pedro); SURINAM (Nickerie); TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO; VENEZUELA (Bolívar) (Fig. 5).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF84FFD1FBAD89C5EAD7FC2C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the most widely distributed species in the genus, ranging from Guatemala to southern South America. We herein expand its geographical distribution by including new records from the following Brazilian states: Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, and Paraíba (Fig. 5). Exallopyga difficilis (Spinola) occurs in Chile through the Andes, reaching southwest Argentina; and E. jenseni (du Buysson) is only known from northern Argentina to southern Bolivia (French 1985).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF86FFD0FBAD8ABEEBC8FE94.taxon	discussion	This genus contains more than 150 described species. These wasps are distributed in all biogeographic realms but the Australian region (Kimsey & Bohart 1991). Like other Elampini, the highest diversity of Hedychrum is found in the Palearctic region, where the most alluringly bicolored species are found. Some Hedychrum species are known as cleptoparasites of beewolves (Crabronidae: Philantinae) (e. g., Strohm et al. 2008 and references therein). There is no record of hosts for the Neotropical species. This genus is easily distinguished from other elampine genera in South America based on the following combination of characteristics: inner surface of meso- and metatibiae with distal fovea; hypostoma with medial process; tarsal claw with single subsidiary tooth; female S 3 with small medial process; T 3 with discrete pre-apical swelling; T 3 distal rim angulate basolaterally; and the male metafemur expanded dorsoventrally, with its anterior surface reticulate, non-metallic, dark brown. Gender determination in Hedychrum is comparatively much simpler than other Elampini. Females are easily identified based on presence of apicomedial tooth in the S 3. Males are easily distinguished based on the anterior surface of the metafemur, which is reticulate and non-metallic brown. Distinction among the species in Hedychrum tend to be hard because the genus is very conserved morphologically. Differences in the most diagnostic features are subtle, such as flagellomere lengths, relative lengths of other body parts, vestiture, and sculpturing (Kimsey & Bohart 1991).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF86FFD0FBAD8ABEEBC8FE94.taxon	description	According to Ducke (1913) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991), two species are recorded to Brazil: H. brasilianum Dahlbom, 1854, and H. neotropicum Mocsáry, 1889. We have examined specimens collected in different localities across various Brazilian regions and biomes, and all had been identified as H. neotropicum. The type-depository of H. neotropicum was listed as doubtfully deposited in MLUH by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). We have located and examined images of the holotype of this species hosted at MLUH. Mocsáry (1889) indicated that the holotype was a male had been collected in Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). Later, L. French labelled the holotype as female. We have examined two female specimens in MZSP from Caraguatatuba (MZSP 04567) and Ubatuba (MZSP 04568) (north coast of the São Paulo state, about 400 km south from the type locality of H. neotropicum), which precisely match with the description of H. neotropicum. Based on the examination of the holotype images and those females from São Paulo state, we concluded that most specimens previously identified as H. neotropicum from different regions in Brazil represent similar, although distinct species. Future taxonomic research will be needed to sort out the diversity of H. neotropicum and closely related species in South America. We did not locate any specimen identified as “ Hedychrum brasilianum Dahlbom ” in Brazilian collections. Rosa & Xu (2015) provided images for the holotype of H. brasilianum, housed at MRSN, and collected at an unknown locality in Brazil. Although the holotype was severely damaged (lacking the head, legs, and the ventral surface of the metasoma), its images made clear that the specimens we analyzed from northeastern Brazil do not belong to this species. Herein, we describe a new species from northeastern Brazil.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7, 8 A – C)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species resembles Hedychrum neotropicum Mocsáry but can be distinguished from H. neotropicum based on the following combination of characters: mesotibial fovea height 1.4 × breadth, metatibial fovea height 1.3 × breadth (height 1.7 × and 2.2 × breadth in H. neotropicum, respectively); vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma with distinctive purplish-blue bands (faintly spotted in H. neotropicum); and T 2 with large dark purplishblue spot (T 2 with discrete bluish highlight in H. neotropicum).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	description	Description. Holotype, female (Fig. 6). Body length: 6.4 mm. Head. Breadth 1.2 × high; least distance between antennal rims 0.7 × MOD; scape 2.8 × longer than its maximum width; F 1 length 1.8 × breadth, 1.6 × F 2, F 2 slightly longer than F 3; F 3 – F 10 subequal in size; F 11 slightly longer than F 10; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance 0.5 × MOD; malar space shorter than 0.2 × MOD; gena progressively narrowed on half lower portion; POL 2 × OL; 0.7 × OOL; LID 1.7 × scape length; eye height 1.3 × breadth. Mesosoma. Anterolateral corner of pronotum bordered with discrete carina; lateral pronotal depression striate, with distinct lower pit; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R 1 2 v very short, barely visible; 2 r-rs 2 v 1.9 × longer than cu-a 2 v; mesotibial fovea height 1.4 × breadth; metatibial fovea height 1.3 × breadth; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, even, spines; meso- and metabasitarsomere with crown of short, evenly-sized, spines; venter of tarsomeres with apical, irregularly-sized, spines. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints on vertex; base of mandible green; discrete golden highlights on frons and scapal basin; scape metallic green; pedicel and base of stipe bluish green; apex of clypeus, half distal portion of mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with medial purplish-blue bands on pronotum, scutum, scutellum; posterior declivity of metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish blue tints; bluish highlights on lateral procoxa, pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; tegula brown, with greenish highlight anteriorly; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; legs mostly metallic green, with discrete golden highlights on tibiae; basitarsomeres greenish brown, distal tarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green; T 1 with posterior transverse bluish purple band; T 2 with wide, dark, bluish purple spot occupying much of disc; T 3 with T-like, anteromedial bluish purple band; T 3 distal rim hyaline basolaterally; S 1, S 3, and laterotergites dark brown; S 2 mostly dark brown, with metallic green band occupying half posterior portion. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely foveate-punctate, except discrete impunctate polished area beside each lateral ocellus; lower gena longitudinally striate; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, upper border with impunctate, polished, transverse stripe; lower face punctulate-striate; clypeus punctulate-striate marginally, becoming sparser and non-striate on disc; scape punctulate; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; scutellum with tiny punctures inserted on interspaces among larger foveae; lateral pronotum, posterior mesopleuron and half lower portion of metapleuron-propodeum transversely striate; upper half portion of metapleuron-propodeum distinctively polished; ventral surface of femora punctulate, distinctively denser on metafemora; metasomal terga densely sculptured becoming finer medially, particularly on T 1 and T 2; T 3 slightly rugulose marginally; sterna punctulate, denser on laterotergites. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, castaneous setae on vertex, becoming paler, sparser and longer on gena and occiput; clypeus with sparse, pale setae marginally; labrum with relatively long, castaneous, setae; outer surface of mandible with short, pale setae; scape with short, suberect, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100 ×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, castaneous setae, denser on pronotum; propleuron with long, sparse, pale setae; wing membrane entirely setose; legs with abundant setae, femora and tibiae with some outstanding, long, yellowish pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, evenly-sized, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, suberect, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer on T 3; S 2 and S 3 with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, denser and longer distally on S 3. Male (Fig. 7). Same as female, except: scape 3.3 × longer than its maximum width; POL 2.3 × OL; eye height 1.4 × breadth; 2 r-rs 2 v just slightly longer than cu-a 2 v; outer apical margin of tibiae with short, irregularly-sized, spines; mesobasitarsomere lacking crown of spines; pre-apical swelling of T 3 discernible only laterally; fainter bluish-purple bands on vertex, dorsum of mesosoma, and T 3; metathorax bluer; sterna mostly dark brown, with metallic green band on disc of S 2 – S 3; sculpturing of metasomal terga slightly coarser. Variation. Specimens vary from 5.8 to 6.6 mm in total body length.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: Prata, PA Zé Marcolino / Anselmo, 07 ° 38 ′ 3.74 ″ S 37 ° 1 ′ 24.98 ″ W, 17. ix. 2010, A. Silva (UFMG 1201713). Allotype ♂: Ceará: Ubajara, 03 ° 50 ′ 50 ″ S 40 ° 53 ′ 23 ″ W, 22. x. 2011, F. C. V. Zanella (CEDU-UNILA: 1 ♂). Other paratypes: Baturité, 04 ° 20 ′ 09 ″ S 38 ° 52 ′ 19 ″ W, 30. iv. 2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1 ♂). Baturité, 25. vii. 1908, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀); 13. vii. 1908 (MPEG 03006013: 1 ♂).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Ceará, Paraíba) (Fig. 9).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The coarsely contiguous sculptured integument of H. oxente sp. nov., particularly on pronotum and metasoma, readily distinguish this species from H. neotropicum (see Fig. 8). The distinctive purplish-blue tints on vertex and dorsum of meso- and metasoma, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T 2 are also diagnostics for this species. The holotype and the allotype were collected in September and October, the peak of the dry season in the region. Coloration and vestiture of two paratypes from Baturité-CE in the MPEG are severely altered. We could assign them to H. oxente sp. nov. based on the shape of the metatibial fovea, the coarse and contiguous sculpturing on pronotum, and the large dark purplish-blue spot on T 2. Three male specimens from Codó (Maranhão state, 17. vi. 1907, A. Ducke, MPEG) previously recorded for northeastern Brazil as H. neotropicum (Ducke 1907, 1913) may represent a distinct species (see the Discussion section below). Because the coloration and vestiture of these male specimens are poorly preserved, we could not confidently assign them to H. oxente sp. nov., H. neotropicum, or interpret them as another new species. These three male specimens from Codó are therefore left unidentified until a confident conclusion can be drawn from their morphology.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF87FFD4FBAD8831EB36FD90.taxon	etymology	Etymology. “ oxente ” is a neutral interjection word. This is an expression spoken in northeastern Brazil to state admiration, astonishment, surprise.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF83FFCBFBAD8E4DEA5DFEC8.taxon	discussion	This genus comprises small, beautiful, and enigmatic wasps. Most species are found in tropical regions of the world (Rosa et al. 2016), and nothing is known about their biology. The genus is distinguished from other South American Elampini based on the following combination of characteristics: scapal basin smooth; occipital carina long and intersecting below with the genal carina; notaulus indistinct or absent; mesopleuron subquadrate, double carinate transversely; scutellum with groove along the anterior edge, partially interrupted medially; metanotum elongate (longer than scutellum); vertex, pronotum, scutum, and metasomal terga polished and widely impunctate; terga with broad semitransparent marginal rim; R 2 c and 1 Cu 2 c without setae; and the posterior propodeal projection indistinct and not protruding. There are six Neotropical species, three of them occurring in Brazil (Kimsey & Bohart 1991). For the first time the genus is recorded in northeastern Brazil.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	description	(Fig. 10)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará, 23. vii. 1901, A. Ducke (MNHN: examined by photos).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	diagnosis	Extended diagnosis (female). Body 3.9 mm. Head high 0.7 × breadth, metallic green, with purple highlight on vertex; vertex polished, with some sparse, small punctures inserted among ocelli; frons foveate-striate; scapal basin smooth; gena transversely striate, with scarce, sparse, tiny punctures; frons with sparse, short, suberect, gold setae, becoming longer and denser on clypeus, below on face and base of mandible; occiput with relatively long, gold setae; vertex, gena and scapal basin glabrous; eye glabrous (magnification above 100 ×); F 1 length 1.4 × breadth, 1.6 × longer than F 2; scape and pedicel green; flagellomeres brown; mandible castaneous brownish, with metallic green highlight basally; malar space 1.5 × MOD; subantennal distance 0.7 × MOD; OOL 0.7 × POL, 1.6 × OL. Mesosoma mainly metallic green, with distinct purple highlight on pronotum and scutum, nearly glabrous, except for short, sparse, gold setae on propleuron, mesopleuron, metapleuron-propodeum, and legs; metapectal-propodeal complex with purplish tints on posterior declivity; pronotum, scutum and disc of scutellum polished, mostly impunctate, with only marginal foveae; anterior declivity of pronotum with row of deep pits; lateral pronotum with small, deep pit; mesopleuron and metanotum densely foveate; tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth; legs mostly metallic green, tarsomeres light brown; tegula brown purplish; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins. Metasoma purple greenish, with broad marginal translucent rim; terga glabrous, polished, with only sparse, tiny, marginal micropunctures on T 2 – T 3; T 3 medially notched; sterna metallic green, with relatively long, gold setae, denser on S 3.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	description	Male. Same as female, except: denser striate marks on frons and gena; mesopleuron transversely striate; denser micropunctures on vertex and metasoma; purple tints on head and mesopleuron. Variation. Specimens vary from 3.7 to 4.3 mm in total body length.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Pará: 23. vii. 1901, A. Ducke (MNHN 25537). Amazonas: Manaus, Faz. Esteio, 10. xi. 1987, M. V. B. Garcia (INPA: 1 ♀). Bahia: Jequié, ix. 2016, R. C. L. Antunes (RPSP: 1 ♀). Espírito Santo: Linhares, Res. Biol. Sooretama, 19 ° 00 ′ 11.5 ″ S 40 ° 07 ′ 08 ″ W, 06. iv. 2002, C. O. Azevedo & Eq. Col. (MZSP: 1 ♂). Minas Gerais: Barbacena, 24. x. 1905, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀). Belo Horizonte, Campus UFMG Pampulha, 26. iii. 1982, A. C. Faria (UFMG 1802833: 1 ♀). Pará: Óbidos, 21. xii. 1906, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 20. xi. 1907 (MZSP 04581: 1 ♀). Rio Grande do Sul: Viamão, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, 12. ii. 2004, G. S. Franco (MCPPV: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 23. xi. 2003 (MCPPV: 1 ♀). São Paulo: Luiz Antônio, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, 21 ° 36 ′ 47.4 ″ S 47 ° 49 ′ 04.1 ″ W, 16. i. 2008, R. I. R. Lara (RPSP: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 21 ° 35 ′ 17.6 ″ S 47 ° 47 ′ 29.6 ″ W, 29. x. 2008, N. W. Perioto (RPSP: 1 ♂ 1 ♀); 01. x. 2008 (RPSP: 1 ♀); 13. ii. 2008 (RPSP: 1 ♀); 27. ii. 2008 (RPSP: 1 ♀). Itirapina, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, 22 ° 13 ′ 27.9 ″ S 47 ° 54 ′ 05.9 ″ W, 20 – 22. xii. 2016, Tavares, Porto, Lucena, Gibran & Yoshida (RPSP: 1 ♀ 1 ♂). Ribeirão Preto, 21 ° 10 ′ 05 ″ S 47 ° 51 ′ 23 ″ W, 16 – 30. xi. 2014, D. S. Amorim (RPSP: 2 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 13 – 30. xi. 2014 (RPSP: 1 ♀); 13. vi. 1972, M. Mazucato (RPSP: 1 ♂); 20. x. 1972 (RPSP: 1 ♀). Teodoro Sampaio, 14. iv. 2012, P. R. Lopes (RPSP: 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo) (Fig. 11).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown. Floral records. Croton trinitatis (= Croton chamaedrifolius) (Euphorbiacea).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9CFFC9FBAD88C0EC3AFE24.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The depository for the type specimens of Holophris huberi (Ducke, 1901) and H. albolimbatus (Ducke, 1908) were listed as unknown by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). We have located and examined the holotype of H. huberi and one syntype of H. albolimbatus, both hosted at the MNHN. Differences between these species are subtle but consistent. According to Ducke (1908), H. huberi differs from H. albolimbatus based on its relatively larger body size and lack of golden or coppery highlights on the head and mesosoma. Furthermore, the apical margin of T 3 is medially notched only in H. huberi. Between these species, H. huberi is the most widely distributed in Brazil. The sole record in northeastern Brazil is from Jequié-BA, therefore, this species probably does not occur extensively in the Caatinga biome (see comments under Elampus aequinoctialis). Ducke (1913) treated two species as junior synonymies of H. huberi: Elampus iridescens Norton, 1879 and E. minutissimus Brèthes, 1902 and cited that this species had an extensive distribution, from the Amazonian region in northern Brazil through the Cerrado savannah in Minas Gerais state, reaching the southmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande Sul, and Mendoza in Argentina. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) interpreted E. iridescens (currently Omalus iridescens) and E. minutissimus (currently Holophris minutissimus) as distinct species, but anyway acknowledged a wide geographical range for H. huberi, from Venezuela in northern South America through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. We confirmed all previous records from Ducke (1913) for localities in Brazil and added new ones (Fig. 11). Still, since there are no specific localities indicated by Ducke (1913) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991) for additional South American countries, we decided to only represent in our Figure 11 records that correspond to specimens we examined. The extended diagnosis above is based on a female from Itirapina, São Paulo state (southern Brazil).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9EFFC8FBAD8E01EB05FE58.taxon	discussion	This genus comprises nearly 100 described species around the world, generally composed of large heavy-bodied wasps, some of them attacking ground-nesting Crabronidae (e. g., Kimsey & Bohart 1991). So far, the sole confirmed host record for the Brazilian species is Solierella minarum Ducke, 1907 attacked by Holopyga wagnerella du Buysson, 1904 (Rocha-Filho et al. 2019). Holopyga is readily distinguished from other Elampini genera based on the following combination of characters: scapal basin transversely cross-ridged; genal carina present; Rs & M 2 v abruptly bent medially and diverging from M + Cu 2 v before cu-a 2 v; 1 Cu 2 c and R 2 c with setae; tarsal claw with two or more subsidiary teeth (rarely with one); mesopleuron distinctly carinate and angulate; and notauli usually faintly marked. According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), there are six species recorded to Brazil: H. boutheryi Brèthes, 1902, H. iheringi du Buysson, 1901, H. luzulina Dahlbom, 1854, H. piliventris Ducke, 1907, H. ujkelyiana Mocsáry, 1914, and H. wagnerella du Buysson, 1904. Three species are found in northeastern Brazil, H. iheringi, H. piliventris, and a new species is herein described.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	description	(Fig. 12)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	diagnosis	Extended diagnosis (female). Body 9 mm. Head breadth 1.4 × height, metallic bluish green, densely foveate on vertex, becoming sparser on gena and transversely cross-ridged on scapal basin; vertex with sparse, pale, long setae, becoming longer and denser on gena and along inner ocular margin; eye with scarce microtrichia among ommatidia (magnification above 100 ×, oblique view); F 1 length 4.3 × breadth, 1.7 × longer than F 2; F 2 as long as F 3; F 4 – F 11 progressively shorter; F 11 slightly truncate apically; malar space 0.3 × MOD; subantennal distance 0.5 × MOD; POL 3.4 × OL; 0.8 × OOL; scape, pedicel, and F 1 metallic bluish green, F 2 brown with green highlight; F 3 – F 11 brown; mandible castaneous brownish, with metallic green highlight basally. Mesosoma densely foveate, largest and deepest foveae on scutellum and metanotum; bluish green, bluer on pronotum, mesopleuron and scutum; metanotum and posterior declivity of propodeum with bluish purple highlights; pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum faintly striate; yellowish pale setae short and sparse, denser on mesopleuron and metanotum; tarsal claw with three subsidiary teeth; legs mostly metallic green, tarsomeres light brown with greenish highlights; wing membrane fuscous with brown veins. Metasoma densely foveate, particularly on T 1 and T 3, with short, suberect, yellowish pale setae on terga; T 1 bluish green, anterior declivity of T 1 with broad impunctate marginal areas, with punctate bands of small punctures medially; T 2 with anteromedial dark blue band, posterior margin with purple highlight, punctation on disc finer and sparser than on T 3; T 3 mainly blue with metallic green highlight marginally, slightly depressed posteromedially, marginal border slightly notched medially; sterna metallic green, densely punctulate, with dense, semidecumbent, yellowish pale setae.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	description	Male. Same as female, except: meso- and metasoma greener; tarsomeres light brown, lacking green highlight; apical margin of T 3 truncate medially. Variation. Specimens vary from 8.1 to 9.5 mm in total body length. The female specimen from Igarassu-PE differ from specimens collected in different localities by two discrete features: basolateral margin of T 3 slightly angulate, and disc of T 3 with longitudinal, impunctate, polished stripe. In all other features the examined specimens are identical.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul (NHMW). Minas Gerais: Passos, iii. 1964, C. T. Elias (MZSP 04570: 1 ♂). Pernambuco: Igarassu, Usina São José, Zambana, 11. xi. 2008, Araújo & Santos leg. (RPSP: 1 ♀). Rio Grande do Sul: Candiota, Chácara da Hortec, 13. i. 2000 (MCPPV: 1 ♀). Pântano Grande, 01. xii. 1995, Clemens Schlindwein (MCPPV: 1 ♀). Tenente Portela, Parque Turvo, 04. xii. 1985, J. R. Cure (MCNZ: 1 ♂). Quaraí, Estância S. Roberto, 14. xi. 1985, J. R. Cure (MCNZ: 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul) (Fig. 17).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown. Floral records. Eryngium horridum (Apiaceae).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF9FFFCFFBAD8B70ED1DFE94.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Holopyga iheringi most resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. This species is readily distinguished from H. luzulina based on the relatively large-sized body, with specimens of H. iheringi usually exceeding 8.5 mm long (against 7.5 mm of H. luzulina). Additionally, H. iheringi is easily distinguished by the inner margin of tarsal claw with three subsidiary teeth (two teeth in H. luzulina), F 1 bluish green (greenish brown in H. luzulina), and the body color predominantly greenish blue (green in H. luzulina). Images of the holotype female housed at the Museum of Natural History Vienna were made available by Rosa et al. (2020). The extended diagnosis above is based on a female from Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul state. The female specimen illustrated in the Figure 12 is from Igarassu, Pernambuco state. The sole record of this species in northeastern Brazil is within the Atlantic Forest Biome, therefore, it is possible that this species does not occur in the Caatinga.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	description	(Figs 13, 14)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Holopyga lunae sp. nov. resembles H. luzulina Dahlbom. These species are distinguished from other Brazilian Holopyga based on the combination of the following features: moderate-sized body (about 7 mm), tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth, and shape of the head (higher than broad). The new species is distinguished from H. luzulina based on the following combination of characters: vertex densely punctate (vertex with transverse band of sparse tiny punctures in H. luzulina); lateral margin of pronotum bordered with discrete carina (lateral margin of pronotum lacking carina in H. luzulina); male S 3 dark brown (male S 3 metallic green in H. luzulina).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	description	Description. Holotype, male (Fig. 13). Body length: 6.9 mm. Head. High 1.2 × breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.6 × MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, gently curved medially, slightly wider submedially, 2.9 × longer than its maximum width; F 1 length 2.1 × breadth, 1.4 × longer than F 2, F 2 slightly longer than F 3; F 3 – F 10 subequal in size; F 11 somewhat truncate apically; lower medial margin of clypeus straight; subantennal distance about 0.6 × MOD; malar space shorter than 0.5 × MOD; POL 2.1 × OL; 0.8 × OOL; lateral ocelli linked with transverse shallow sulcus; inner ocular margin slightly convergent submedially, LID 1.3 × scape length; eye height 1.7 × breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior declivity of pronotum with shallow medial pit, lateral margin bordered with discrete carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; R 1 2 v very short, barely visible; inner margin of tarsal claw with two subsidiary teeth. Metasoma. T 3 slightly depressed postero-medially, apical margin slightly truncate, with faintly marked medial notch, lateral margin slightly angulate. Coloration. Head mostly metallic green, with purplish blue tints around ocelli; base of mandible green with faint purplish blue reflection; golden highlights basally on inner margin of compound eye and on upper gena; scape, pedicel and base of stipe metallic green; apex of clypeus, half mandible and flagellomeres brown; mesosoma mainly metallic green, with purple tints anteriorly on pronotum, scutum, and posteriorly on metapectal-propodeal complex; bluish highlights on lateral pronotum, and metapleuron-propodeum; golden highlights on pronotal lobe, mesopleuron, and legs; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; coxa, femur, tibia and outer surface of basitarsomere green; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; dorsum of metasoma mainly metallic green with light bluish highlights on terga; disc of anterior declivity of T 1 purplish brown; T 2 with anterior transverse purplish blue band; golden highlights laterally on terga, brighter on T 3; T 3 distal edge hyaline; laterotergites mostly metallic green, with dark margins; S 1 – S 2 metallic green, S 3 dark brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons densely sculptured, becoming sparser on gena and lower on face; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with small punctures marginally; clypeus punctulate, sparser on disc; scape densely punctulate; gena rugose-striate, with distinct longitudinal ridge; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; lateral pronotal depression and metapleuron-propodeum with transverse striae; posterior mesopleuron slightly striate; outer surface of legs punctulate, except tarsomeres; dorsum of metasoma heavily sculptured, with double, dense, punctation pattern, with small punctures among larger foveae, becoming transversely ridged lateroposteriorly on T 1 – T 2, and anterolaterally on T 3; anterior declivity of T 1 mostly impunctate, with only marginal punctures; laterotergites of T 1 – T 2 sparsely punctulate, becoming denser on laterotergite of T 3; S 1 – S 2 sparsely punctulate, becoming much denser on S 3. Vestiture. Head with short, sparse, pale setae on vertex, becoming longer and denser on frons, along inner ocular margin, gena, and occiput; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus with long, sparse, pale setae, becoming denser marginally; distal margin of galea and mandible with long, sparse, gold setae; scape with short, gold setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye glabrous (magnification above 100 ×); dorsum of mesosoma with short, erect, sparse, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on scutum and scutellum; propleuron with long, dense, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum almost glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane entirely setose; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; protibia with some outstanding, long, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with short, suberect, pale setae; S 1 and S 2 with long, sparse, pale setae; S 3 with long, dense, pale setae. Female (Fig. 14). Same as male, except: F 1 length 2.4 × breadth; F 11 not truncate; LID 1.4 × scape; eye with microtrichia; flagellomeres with short, decumbent, pale setae; lacking golden highlights on head, pronotum and metasoma; S 3 metallic green; T 3 not depressed postero-medially; T 3 apical margin not truncate, lacking medial notch, and lateral margin not angulate.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂. BRAZIL, Sergipe: Canindé de São Francisco, Sta. Maria, 20. vi. 2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23885 UFPE / L 172 P 874, Waltheria indica (RPSP). Allotype ♀: Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30. viii. 2002 / 10391 UFPE / L 140 P 755, Melochia tomentosa (RPSP: 1 ♀); other paratypes: Canindé de São Francisco, Poço Verde, 24. v. 2005 / 22577 UFPE / L 132 P 994, Cissus erosa (RPSP: 1 ♂); Canindé de São Francisco, Cana Brava, 30. viii. 2002 / 10292 UFPE / L 139 P 874, Waltheria indica (RPSP: 1 ♀). Alagoas: Piranhas, Poço da Ingazeira, Mata Ciliar, 29. vi. 2005, Debora Moura leg. / 23914 UFPE / L 180 P 1191, Hydrolea spinosa / 23998 UFPE / L 180 P 1063, Tephrosia purpurea (CEDU-UNILA: 2 ♂ 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Alagoas, Sergipe) (Fig. 17).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown. Floral records. Waltheria indica (Malvaceae), Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), Melochia tomentosa (Malvaceae), Hydrolea spinosa (Hydroleaceae), and Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype is missing part of the right antenna, and right pro- and mesolegs. Male paratypes are lacking parts of their legs and flagellomeres. The allotype and the female paratype are lacking parts of their legs. Rosa & Xu (2015) designated the lectotype for H. luzulina Dahlbom and provided photographs of the male typespecimen hosted in the MRSN. Type locality of this species is an unknown locality in Brazil. We have examined one couple from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil — RPSP), and the male precisely matches the original description and diagnostic features observed in the images of the male lectotype of this species. According to Kimsey & Bohart (1991), H. luzulina is widespread in the Neotropical region, reaching the south of the Nearctic region through Mexico and southwest USA, though, we did not find this species sympatric with H. lunae sp. nov.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF99FFC3FBAD89C5ED2FFE00.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Danielle Luna, first author´s wife.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	description	(Figs 15, 16)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	diagnosis	Extended diagnosis (male). Body size: 3.9 mm. Head predominantly metallic green; vertex with transverse dark purple band; scape brownish green; pedicel and flagellomeres brown; mandible brown; frons densely foveate changing abruptly on scapal basin, becoming densely cross-ridged, with some marginal punctures; vertex densely sculptured, with low ridges and small punctures inserted among large foveae, becoming slightly striate around ocelli; clypeus finely punctulate; lateral ocelli with discrete shallow depression, linked transversely by discrete posterior line; genal carina indistinct; gena with longitudinal ridges; malar space 0.3 × MOD; subantennal distance 0.9 × MOD; F 1 1.1 × F 2; F 2 – F 9 similar in size; lower medial margin of clypeus straight. Mesosoma mainly metallic green; scutum and scutellum with dark purple tints; metanotum with bluish highlights; posterior declivity of metapectalpropodeal complex dark purple, with bluish highlights; posterior propodeal projection green; legs mainly metallic light green, tarsi light brown; tegula brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; dorsum of mesosoma and mesopleuron densely foveate, larger and deeper on metanotum; notaulus and parasidal signum faintly marked; posterior mesopleuron striate; profemur somewhat striate basally on outer surface; inner margin of tarsal claw with one subsidiary tooth; inner spurs of meso- and metatibia serrated; Rs & M 2 v smoothly curved submedially. Metasoma mainly metallic green, with purplish blue highlights marginally on terga; disk of T 1 – T 2 with wide dark band; sterna entirely dark brown; T 2 and T 3 with marginal semitranslucent rim; T 3 distal margin evenly round; terga densely foveate, with shallow marginal micropunctures among foveae; sterna punctate. Dorsum of body with abundant, short, sub-erect, yellowish pale setae; compound eye with very short and sparse microtrichia, most visible marginally (in oblique view, magnification above 100 ×); legs abundantly setose, tarsomeres with spine-like, thick, even setae; wing membrane entirely setose; abundant, decumbent, yellowish pale setae on metasomal terga; S 2 – S 3 with relatively long, pale setae.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	description	Female (Fig. 16). Same as male, except: body mainly metallic bluish green with dark purple bands; scape green; F 1 1.3 × F 2; posterior mesopleuron smooth, non-striate; terga finely foveate, lacking marginal shallow micropunctures among foveae; T 3 slightly truncate medially. Variation. Specimens vary from 3.8 to 4.3 mm in total body length. The shorter measurements (2.5 – 3 mm) given in the original description by Ducke (1907) may be incorrect.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♂. BRAZIL, Maranhão: Codó, 22. vi. 1907, A. Ducke (MZSP 04578). Bahia: Jequié, campus UESB II, Malaise III, 9. xii. 2006, Silva-Júnior J. C. & cols. (CEDU-UNILA: 1 ♀). Same data as preceding, except: 25. xi. 2006 (CEDU-UNILA: 1 ♀). Ceará: Caridade, 05. v. 1909, A. Ducke (MPEG: 1 ♀). Crateús, 05 ° 11 ′ 20 ″ S 40 ° 42 ′ 35 ″ W, 06. v. 2014, Almeida, Lucena & Tavares (RPSP: 1 ♀). Paraíba: Sumé, Sítio Pitombeira / Valdemir, Malaise, 07 ° 41 ′ 22 ″ S 36 ° 56 ′ 46.5 ″ W, 533 m, 02. x. 2010, H. M. Sousa (UFMG 1202319: 1 ♀).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba) (Fig. 17).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF94FFC0FBAD8888ED3BFEC8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to Holopyga as clearly evidenced by the scapal basin transversely cross-ridged, transverse shallow sulcus linking lateral ocelli, notaulus faintly marked or indistinct, profemur ventrally expanded, and mesopleuron sharply bordered with carina (see also Krombein 1969, Kimsey 1982, and Kimsey & Bohart 1991). Notwithstanding, this species and at least three other Nearctic and Neotropical species have a suite of unusual diagnostic characteristics (H. wagnerella du Buysson, 1901, H. mimeca Kimsey, 1982 [in Bohart & Kimsey 1982], and H. rudis Kimsey, 1982 [in Bohart & Kimsey 1982]): reduced body size (shorter than 5 mm), tarsal claw with single subsidiary tooth or with one subapical tooth and one basal tooth, indistinct genal carina, Rs & M 2 v short and smoothly curved submedially, and metasomal sterna dark brown. These characteristics readily distinguished these species from other Holopyga (see Bohart & Kimsey 1982) and they may constitute a subgroup within the genus. Lucena & Almeida (2022) placed H. wagnerella (a species closely resembled to H. piliventris) as sister to the remaining species of Holopyga. If these distinct Holopyga represent another Elampini group, or may form a subgroup within Holopyga, this will be the subject of future analyses. Holopyga piliventris closely resembles H. wagnerella du Buysson but can be distinguished from it based on the following combination of characteristics: vertex with transverse dark band (vertex without distinct dark band in H. wagnerella); and T 2 with marginal semitranslucent rim (T 2 with indistinctly narrow translucent rim in H. wagnerella). Additionally, the punctation of metasomal terga in H. piliventris is comparatively finer and sparser (coarser and denser in H. wagnerella). Ducke (1907) described Holopyga piliventris based on an unknown number of syntypes (males and females) from Codó and Caxias (Maranhão state), collected in June 1907. The male specimen housed at MZSP had a handwritten label “ cotype ” and a yellow paralectotype indication labelled by L. French. Another male from Codó, collected on 24 th June 1907, was labelled as lectotype by L. French and it is currently housed at the MNHN (Paolo Rosa, person. comm.). The lectotype designation by L. French was never published, and we were unable to locate other type specimens from Caxias supposedly housed at two collections: MZSP and MPEG. In accordance with the articles 72 – 74 of the Code (ICZN 1999), and to ensure stability on this case, we designate here the male cotype specimen housed at MZSP from Codó as the lectotype for H. piliventris Ducke, 1907. Hereinafter the male specimen housed at MNHN should be considered a paralectotype. The whereabouts of other paralectotypes remain unknown. The presently known geographical records of this species are restricted to northeastern Brazil and include sites typically of the caatinga vegetation (Fig. 17). The female specimen illustrated in the Figure 16 is from Crateús, Ceará state.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC7FBAD89C5EA60FD0C.taxon	discussion	This genus is one of the rarest South American Elampini and comprises morphologically modified species. The distinctive modified tarsomeres and mesosomal sclerites readily distinguish them from other genera. Diagnostic features include the strongly produced anterolaterally mesopleuron; lateral margin of pronotum bordered with strong carina; female pro- and mesotarsomeres flattened and expanded laterally (often held coiled); and protarsal claw strongly curved. There is still no record of host for this genus. Krombein (1969) suggested that the likely host may be some Pemphredoninae, which nest in twigs and make partitions between the cells and the closing plug of the nest from small, rather loosely packed particles of pith. According to him, the modified tarsomeres of Muesebeckidium would allow it to easily penetrate the nest by displacing the particles that close the entrance, thus giving the parasitoid access to the host cells. Currently, there are three described species in the genus, two from North America and one in South America (only known from Amapá and Pará states, northern Brazil), but only the species in North America have been revised (Krombein 1969, Bohart & Kimsey 1982). For the first time this genus is reported for northeastern Brazil and a new species is described.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	description	(Fig. 18)	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (female). Muesebeckidium clemensi sp. nov. resembles M. paraense (Ducke, 1901), but is readily distinguished based on the conspicuous punctation of vertex, pronotum and scutum (nearly impunctate in M. paraense), denser and coarser punctation on metasomal terga (finely and sparsely punctate in M. paraense), and scutellum with broad and dense polygonal-shaped foveae, with three to five rounded angles (scutellum with relatively larger and evenly rounded foveae in M. paraense).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	description	Description. Holotype, female. Body length: 5.7 mm. Head. Height 0.65 × breadth; least distance between antennal rims 0.73 × MOD; scape more or less cylindrical, slightly wider submedially, with a frontal longitudinal weak carina, 3.8 × longer than its maximum width; F 1 length 1.8 × apical breadth, 1.5 × longer than F 2, F 2 similarly longer than F 3; F 3 – F 10 subequal in size; F 11 slightly longer than F 10; lower medial margin of clypeus slightly concave, with conspicuous black apical band; subantennal distance about 0.6 × MOD; malar space very short, 0.1 × MOD; POL 2.3 × OL, 0.7 × OOL; inner ocular margin slightly convergent sub-basally, LID 1.3 × scape length; eye height 1.9 × breadth. Mesosoma. Anterior and lateral margins of pronotum bordered with strong carina; notaulus and parapsidal signum faintly marked; scutellum with groove along the anterior edge, partially interrupted in the middle; R 1 2 v very short, barely visible; metatarsal claw bifid, with single, large, subapical tooth; outer surface of profemur smooth; tarsomeres without spines. Metasoma. Anterolateral corner of T 1 with projected flange; T 3 apical margin evenly round, slightly beveled medially. Coloration. Predominantly metallic green, with blue highlights on metasoma (depending on the kind of light it presents purple highlights as depicted in Fig. 18); base of mandible, scape, and pedicel, green; apex of clypeus, half distal mandible, flagellomeres, and tegulae, brown; wing membrane light fuscous with brown veins; distal tarsomeres and inner surface of basitarsomeres light brown; distal rim of T 1 – T 2 dark brown, without metallic green luster; sterna and laterotergites entirely brown. Sculpture. Vertex and frons finely and sparsely punctate, becoming coarser and denser on lower frons; scapal basin densely cross-ridged, with some small marginal punctures; clypeus punctulate; scape densely punctulate; gena with sparse punctures, somewhat rugose-striate longitudinally; pronotum and most of scutum finely and sparsely punctate, with large foveae inserted only laterally; scutellum, metanotum and mesopleuron densely foveate, those of scutellum and metanotum broad, polygonal-shaped, with three to five rounded angles; metasomal terga finely and densely punctate, particularly on T 2 – T 3; anterior declivity of T 1 mostly impunctate, small punctures inserted posterolaterally. Vestiture. Head with long, dense, yellowish pale setae, particularly on vertex and frons, becoming shorter and sparser on face, along inner ocular margin and gena; scapal basin glabrous; clypeus and outer surface of mandible with relatively long, yellowish pale setae; scape with short, dense, pale setae; flagellomeres with short, suberect, pale setae; eye with sparse microtrichia among ommatidia (magnification near 100 ×); dorsum of mesosoma with conspicuous, relatively long, yellowish pale setae, becoming longer and denser on pronotum and scutum; posterior propodeal projection with dense, decumbent, pale setae; lateral pronotum and metapleuron-propodeum nearly glabrous, except for some sparse marginal setae; wing membrane lacking setae on half proximal portion; coxae and femora with long, dense, pale setae; meso- and metatibiae with short, dense, even, pale setae; venter of tarsomeres with dense, even, spine-like setae; dorsum of metasoma with abundant, relatively short, suberect, pale setae; laterotergites and sterna with short piligerous pilosity. Male. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀. BRAZIL, Paraíba: São José do Sabugi, Serra do Brejinho, 29. iv. 2001, F. C. V. Zanella / CE-UNILA HYHY 00442 (RPSP).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. BRAZIL (Paraíba) (Fig. 19).	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Unknown.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Previous to this study, the sole South American species of Muesebeckidium has been recorded only from localities with Amazon rainforest, in northern Brazil, Amapá and Pará states (Ducke 1913, 1914). This is the first record of Muesebeckidium in a habitat characterized by a seasonally dry deciduous forest in South America. The depository of the type series of M. paraense (Ducke) was listed as unknown by Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Ducke (1901) described the species based on a series of three female specimens from Pará (8, 10, and 22 July 1901). Obrecht & Huber (1993) listed a syntype hosted at the Natural History Museum Bern (not examined). We have examined another syntype deposited at the MNHN (EY 25529) and an ordinary female specimen identified by A. Ducke from Oiapoque (Amapá) (MZSP 04580). Currently, the type depository of the third syntype is unknown. Since we could not examine all available primary types, we decided not to designate lectotype for Ducke’s species. We consider that this lectotype designation should be done in the context of a future taxonomic revision of the genus.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
03A08781FF90FFC4FBAD8B85EA50FF5C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is named after Clemens Schlindwein (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais). His research on insect-plant interactions, particularly in northeastern Brazil, has led to relevant improvement in the field. Additionally, he contributed significantly to the beginning of our study of the Chrysididae from northeastern Brazil by collecting and donating several singular specimens.	en	Lucena, Daercio A. A., Santos-Neto, Pedro E., Zanella, Fernando C. V., Almeida, Eduardo A. B. (2022): Taxonomic review of the elampine cuckoo wasps from northeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 5213 (3): 201-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.1
