identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
18F13FD4D3F156E39859857E7C374A0A.text	18F13FD4D3F156E39859857E7C374A0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gallerucida cupreata (Jacoby 1890) Feng & Yang & Li & Liu 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gallerucida cupreata (Jacoby, 1890) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 13 A-C</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia cupreata Jacoby, 1890, 23: 193. </p>
            <p>Type specimen examined.</p>
            <p> Chang Yang, A. E. Pratt Coll., June 1888; 1st Jacoby Coll.; Type 18239;  S. cupreata Jac. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 4.4 mm, width 3.2 mm</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum, elytra, and scutellum green, antennae and legs brown, ventral surface of body yellowish brown.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 similar in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 differ in length, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 2.5  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc sparsely covered with punctures, with a lateral pair of shallow impressions. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly wider than the diameter of individual punctures and covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum, Anterior metasternal process extending beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment equal in length to segment 1, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> According to the characteristics of the cylindrical process of the metasternum,  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) cupreata is transferred from  Sphenoraia to  Gallerucida . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Hubei.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/18F13FD4D3F156E39859857E7C374A0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
CA2A17C4EC1E5903B3BAFAD219A64A20.text	CA2A17C4EC1E5903B3BAFAD219A64A20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gallerucida nigra (Wang, Li & Yang 2000) Feng & Yang & Li & Liu 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gallerucida nigra (Wang, Li &amp; Yang, 2000) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 14A-C</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) nigra Wang, Li &amp; Yang, 2000: 118. </p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♀, China, Gansu Province,  Dangchang ; 1700-2300 m; 9 Jul. 1998; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS. Paratype  :   1♀, China, Gansu Province,  Wen Country ; 1400 m; 2 Jun. 1992; Hongjian Wang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Gansu Province,  Zhouqu ; 2350 m; 5 Jul. 1998; Jun Chen; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Other specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  1♀, China, Henan,  Baiyun Mountain ; 1900 m; 23. Jul. 2002; Lijie Zhang leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Female. Length: 6.6-6.8 mm, width: 4.0-4.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, ventral surface of the body, and legs black, elytra brown; each elytron with eight black spots, basal and middle sections with one pair of spots, subapical area with three spots and apical area with one spot.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extend to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, each approximately 2.5  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.5  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 unequal in length, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 1.8  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered in middle with small punctures with large punctures laterally. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly wider than the diameter of individual punctures and covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum, Anterior metasternal process extending beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Notes.</p>
            <p> According to the anterior metasternal process clearly extending beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities,  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) nigra is transferred from  Sphenoraia to  Gallerucida . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Henan, Gansu.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA2A17C4EC1E5903B3BAFAD219A64A20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
7DEFAC93B5EB58F384411B4B3EECCA03.text	7DEFAC93B5EB58F384411B4B3EECCA03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) decemmaculata Feng & Yang & Li & Liu 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraia) decemmaculata sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 11A-F</p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♂, China, Yunnan Province,  E’shan ; Aug. 1980; IZAS. Paratype  :   1♀, China, Sichuan Province,  Guichang , liusuo; 10 Jun. 1961; Dingxi Lao leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 6.2 mm, width 4.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Head and pronotum yellowish brown, antennae, scutellum, ventral surface of body and legs black, elytra yellow, each with five black spots, basal and middle areas of each elytron with one pair of spots, subapical area with one spot.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae slender, extended to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 with short hair, antennomere 4 approximately twice as long as wide; antennomeres 5-10, each approximately 1.6  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.5  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p>Pronotum approximately twice as wide as long, with lateral margins straight and parallel, anterior angle thickened, protruding forwards, disc slightly convex and sparsely covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, sparsely covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex and irregularly covered with large, deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly wider than the diameter of individual punctures.</p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with 5 segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus short and wide, parallel-sided, gradually widened apically and rounded at apex, basally widened; in lateral view strongly bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 6.3 mm, width 4.4 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae slender, antennomeres 4-11 thin, with short hairs, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The new species closely resembles  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) anjiensis but differs due to the black pronotum and yellow abdomen. In the new species the head and pronotum are brown, and each elytron has five black spots: the base and middle of each elytron with a pair of spots, the subapex with one spot. The aedeagus is short and wide, gradually widening apically and is rounded at the apex. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Latin: deca = ten; macula = spot; referring to the ten black spots on the elytra.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Sichuan, Yunnan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DEFAC93B5EB58F384411B4B3EECCA03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
F46BBD8AC21750D1B9F85F028032CEBA.text	F46BBD8AC21750D1B9F85F028032CEBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) anjiensis Yang & Li 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) anjiensis Yang &amp; Li, 1998</p>
            <p>Fig. 1A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) anjiensis Yang &amp; Li, 1998: 132. </p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♀, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji,  Longwang Mountain ; 1500 m; 13 May 1996; Hong Wu leg.; IZAS. Paratype  :   1♂ China, Zhejiang Province, Anji,  Longwang Mountain ; 26 Jul. 1996; Hong Wu leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p> 1♀, China,  T`ienmll Shan (Tianmu Mountian),  Musèe Heude; 21 Jul. 1936; D. Piel. leg.; IZAS. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 7.2 mm, width 4.6 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, antennae, pronotum, ventral surface of thorax, scutellum, and legs black, elytra and abdomen yellow; each elytron with five black spots, base with one pair of spots and apex with one spot, median with a large transverse band and subapex with a large spot; abdomen with four pair of round black spots at side on the first, second, third, fourth visible sternites.</p>
            <p> Vertex covered with punctures finely and sparsely; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, extended to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately twice as long as it is wide; antennomeres 5-10 each approximately 1.6  × as long as they are wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.5  × as long as antennomere 2; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 1.9  × as wide as it is long, with lateral margins straight and parallel slightly, anterior angle thickened, produced forward, disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with small punctures. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, smooth, impunctate.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra combined wider than the pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at the apexes; dorsal surface slightly convex and covered with large and deep regular punctures, partly arranged in ten rows on each elytron, the interstices of the punctures equal to the diameter of the punctures.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as the mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of the abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened with triangular apex, distinctly pointed. In lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 7.0-7.2 mm, width 4.8-5.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae slender, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.4  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, longer than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined slightly; antennomeres 5-10 equal in length, shorter than 4; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by its black pronotum and the black spots on the abdomen.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Zhejiang.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F46BBD8AC21750D1B9F85F028032CEBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
B716D26E090B5B4EB03A6E82B7C1FCC5.text	B716D26E090B5B4EB03A6E82B7C1FCC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) berberii Jiang 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) berberii Jiang, 1992</p>
            <p>Fig. 2A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia berberii Jiang, 1992: 665. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) berberii : Wang et al. 2000: 118. </p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Deqin,  Baimang snowy mountain; 3300 m; 28 Aug. 1987; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS. Paratypes  : 10♂♂ 6♀♀, same information as holotype. Allotype: 1♀, same information as holotype. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Yulong Mountain; 3200 m; 17 Jul. 1984; Jianguo Fan leg. IZAS.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 5.9-6.4 mm, width 3.4-3.6 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum, and scutellum blackish green, antennae, elytra, legs, and ventral surface of the body brown; apex of each abdominal segment yellow, elytral epipleuron from base to subapex yellow, connecting with yellow stripes on the base and apex of the elytra.</p>
            <p> Vertex covered with punctures finely and sparsely; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 nearly equal in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, 1.5  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 1.8  × as wide as long, with lateral margins rounded, disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with punctures in the center, base, and apex of pronotum covered with punctures closely. The interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of each puncture. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, only on the base and apex, sparsely covered with punctures.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, the interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of individual punctures.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, rounded laterally, basally widened, with triangular apex, distinctly pointed. In lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 5.8-6.2 mm, width 3.5-3.8 mm</p>
            <p> Antennae slender, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, twice as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by its blackish green pronotum and the yellow stripes on the elytra.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Yunnan.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Berberis sp. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B716D26E090B5B4EB03A6E82B7C1FCC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
69F008012F3D533394A261D4994AC083.text	69F008012F3D533394A261D4994AC083.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) duvivieri (Laboissiere 1925)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 
Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) duvivieri (
Laboissiere
, 1925)
</p>
            <p>Fig. 3A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia indica Duvivier, 1887: 48 (nec. Harold 1880). </p>
            <p> Galerucida duvivier Laboissière , 1925: 53 (replacement name for  Sphenoraia indica Duvivier, 1887). </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) duvivieri :  Laboissière 1934: 134. </p>
            <p> Gallerucida amala Maulik, 1936: 549. Synonymized by  Laboissière 1940: 30. </p>
            <p>Additional specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  2♂♂, China, Guangdong Province, Enping,  Qixingkeng ; 100 m; 21 Jun. 2022; Chuan Feng leg.; GDAS  .   1♀, China, Guangxi Province, Napo,  Beidou ; 550 m; 11 Apr. 1998; Tianshan Li leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Guangxi Province, Longsheng,  Baiyan ; 1150 m; 21 Jun. 1963; Yongshan Shi leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Guangxi Province,  Longzhou ; 360 m; 20 Jun. 1963; Yongshan Shi leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Guangxi Province,  Diding ; 1000-1700 m; 23 Jun. 2000; Jian Yao leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Guangxi Province, Jinxiu,  Shengtang Mountain ; 900 m; 17 May 1999; Xuezhong Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Sichuan Province,  Youyang ; 9 Jul. 1989; Dazhi Dong leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Sichuan Province,  Youyang ; 9 Jul. 1989; Su Lin leg.; IZAS  .  1♂, China, Guizhou Province, Guiyang; May-Jul. 1981; IZAS .   1♀, China, Guizhou Province,  Maolan ; 30 May 1998; Qiongzhang Song leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Yunnan Province,  Funing ; 250 m; 17 Apr. 1998; Chunsheng Wu leg.; IZAS  .   2♂♂ 1♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Yunjinghong ; 900 m; 27 Apr. 1958; Yiran Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Yunnan Province,  Changning ; 1700 m; 16 Jun. 1979; IZAS  .   1♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Menglun ; 600 m; 11 Sep. 1993; Huanli Xu leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 6.8-7.8 mm, width 4.8-5.6 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, legs, and ventral surface of thorax dark blue, elytra and abdomen brown.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately 2.2  × as long as wide; antennomere 5 approximately 1.8  × as long as wide; antennomeres 6 and 7 each approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomeres 8-10, each approximately 1.2  × as long as wide; antennomere 11 approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than 2 slightly, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 differ in length, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 2.7  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc sparsely covered with punctures, with a lateral pair of shallow impressions. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, sparsely covered with punctures.</p>
            <p> Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, the interstices between punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, 1.5  × as wide as the diameter of punctures. </p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with 5 segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment equal in length to segment 1, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, with rounded apex. In lateral view, strongly bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 6.8-7.8 mm, width 4.8-5.6 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae antennomeres 1-5 thin, antennomeres 6-11 wide and flat, each approximately 1.4  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than 2 slightly, 1.5  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, slightly longer than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the mottled brown color of the body and shallow impressions of pronotum.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Hunan, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan Yunnan; Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, India, and Myanmar.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/69F008012F3D533394A261D4994AC083	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
E0DC60518427546586718FF4980E15B8.text	E0DC60518427546586718FF4980E15B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) flavomarginata Feng & Yang & Li & Liu 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) flavomarginata sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 12A-F</p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♂, China, Sichuan Province,  Kangding , liuba; 3700 m; Sep. 1982; S.Y. Wang leg.; IZAS. Paratype  :  3♀♀, same data as holotype . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length: 5.5-6.0 mm, width: 2.8-3.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Antennae, ventral surface of the body, and legs brown. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra blackish green, apical area of each segment of the abdomen yellow, elytra with yellow stripes along the basal margin, extending along the elytral epipleuron from the base to the apical 1/3, with one transverse yellow stripe at subapex.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extend to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately 3  × as long as wide; antennomeres 5-10, each approximately 2  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.5  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p>Pronotum approximately twice as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with small punctures in the middle with large punctures on other parts of pronotum. The interstices of punctures equal to diameter of punctures slightly, covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, covered with small punctures and short hairs.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with 5 segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex narrowly pointed; in lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length: 5.4-6.0 mm, width: 2.9-3.6 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae slender, antennomeres 4-11 thin, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The new species closely resembles  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) yajiangensis . However, the new species has a different pattern in the arrangement of the yellow stripes, with one transverse yellow stripe present at the subapex of the elytra, and the pronotum has sparse punctures. The aedeagus is slender, and its apex narrowly pointed. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Latin: flava = yellow; margin = margin; referring to each elytron with a yellow margin.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Sichuan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0DC60518427546586718FF4980E15B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
2190C76559865631903351CBE50B3D30.text	2190C76559865631903351CBE50B3D30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) haizhuensis Yang 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) haizhuensis Yang, 2021</p>
            <p>Fig. 4A-E</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) haizhuensis Yang, 2021: 245. </p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p>
                 Holotype:   ♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.30667/lat 23.075556)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.30667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.075556">Guangdong Province</a>
                 , Guangzhou, Haizhu wetland; 113°18'24"E, 23°4'32"N; 20-23 May 2021; FIT-1; GDAS. Paratype  :   1♂,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.358055/lat 23.049444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.358055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.049444">Guangdong Province</a>
                 , Guangzhou, Haizhu wetland; 113°21'29"E, 23°2'58"N; 2020.9.21 -10.19; MT-9; GDAS  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length. 6.2-6.4 mm, width 4.0-4.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum, elytra, and legs yellow, antennae and ventral surface of body yellowish brown, scutellum brown; pronotum with a black spot on each side; each elytron with seven black spots, basal, middle and subapex with one pair of spots and apex with one spot.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised and separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, segment 4 approximately twice as long as wide; antennomeres 5-10, each approximately 1.6  × as long as wide; antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 nearly equal in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, twice as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 2.5  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly depressed on each side, sparsely covered with small punctures, with the punctures on pronotum larger than those on the head. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, sparsely covered with small punctures.</p>
            <p>Base of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly wider than diameter of individual punctures.</p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex rounded. In lateral view strongly bent.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species can be distinguished from other species by black spots on the elytra. This species closely resembles  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nebulosa , but the latter is without punctures in the scutellum. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Guangdong.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2190C76559865631903351CBE50B3D30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
07C21A208C72561693C62A9015BED66B.text	07C21A208C72561693C62A9015BED66B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) micans (Fairmaire 1888)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) micans (Fairmaire, 1888)</p>
            <p>Fig. 5A-F</p>
            <p> Eustetha micans Fairmaire, 1888: 42. </p>
            <p> Galerucida fulgida var. coerulescens Weise, 1922: 91. Synonymized by Wilcox 1971: 198. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) micans :  Laboissière 1934: 131. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) micans var. cyanella Laboissière , 1934: 132. Synonymized by Wilcox 1971: 198. </p>
            <p>Other specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  1♀, China, Henan Province,  Luanshan ; 1000 m; 10 Jul. 1996; Wanzhi Cai leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Henan Province,  Luanshan ; 1000 m; 10 Jul. 1996; Jikun Yang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂ 1♀, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji,  Longwang Mountain ; 500 m; 12 Jun. 1996; Xingke Yang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji,  Longwang Mountain ; 14 Jun. 1996; 1400 m; Hong Wu leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Zhejiang Province,  Tianmu Mountain ; Jul. 2000; IZAS  .   1♂ China, Zhejiang Province,  Tianmu Mountain ; Jul. 1999; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Zhejiang Province,  Tianmu Mountain ; 600-800 m; 7 Jun. 1998; Mingyuan Gao leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Jiangxi Province,  Jinggangshan , xiangzhou; 26 Apr. 2011; Yan Mei leg.; GDAS  .   1♀, China, Hunan Province, Sangzhi,  Tianpingshan ; 700-1450 m; 14 Aug. 1988; Shuyong Wang leg. IZAS  .   1♂, China,  Wuyi Mountain ; 22 Apr. 1997; Yanyu Wu leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Fujian Province,  Guadangling ; 29 Aug. 1983; Jiang Wang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Guangxi Province, Longsheng,  Hongtan ; 900 m; 14 Jun. 1963; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Guizhou Province,  Chiqian ; 670 m; 24 Jul. 1988; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Guizhou Province,  Fanjing Mountain ; 2 Aug. 1988; Yongkun Li leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 7.7-8.4 mm, width 5.2-5.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum and elytra green, antennae, scutellum, legs, and ventral surface of thorax dark blue, abdomen yellowish brown. Some individuals with blue or red head, pronotum, and elytra.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately twice as long as wide; antennomeres 5-11, each approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 unequal in length, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 2  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with punctures. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, smooth, impunctate.</p>
            <p> Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, densely covered with large punctures on humeral angle and sparsely covered in small punctures on other parts. The interstices between punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures on apex of the elytra, 2  × as wide as the diameter of individual punctures. </p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apically rounded, slightly pointed. In lateral view strongly bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 7.8-8.4 mm, width 5.3-5.8 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae antennomeres 1-3 thin, antennomeres 7-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 7, twice as long as wide; antennomeres 8-11 each approximately 1.6  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than 2 slightly, 1.5  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, slightly longer than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by metallic green, red, or blue coloration of the body.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xizang; Indo-China.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Rubiaceae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07C21A208C72561693C62A9015BED66B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
BD499C53C23C5E2C9E2141B3117B19CF.text	BD499C53C23C5E2C9E2141B3117B19CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nebulosa (Gyllenhal 1808)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nebulosa (Gyllenhal, 1808)</p>
            <p>Fig. 6A-F</p>
            <p> Galleruca nebulosa Gyllenhal, 1808: 292. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nebulosa :  Laboissière 1934: 132. </p>
            <p>Other specimens examined.</p>
            <p> 1♀, China, Hainan Province; 8 Aug. 1934 ; IZAS.  1♂, China, Hainan; 24 Mar. 1934 ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Hainan Province,  Jianfengling ; 13-17 Apr. 1984  ; IZAS.   1♂,  Lingnan University ; 10 May 1948  ; En-119989; SYSU.   1♂, China, Guangxi Province,  Yangshuo ; 29 Jun. 1938  ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Guangxi Province,  Yangshuo ; 6 Apr. 1938  ; IZAS.   1♀, China, Guangxi Province,  Yangshuo ; 14 Oct. 1938  ; IZAS.   1♀, China, Guangxi Province, Fulong,  Pinglong Mountain ; 650 m; 13 Mar. 1998; Gexia Qiao leg.  ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Guangxi Province, Longzhou,  Nonggang ; 330 m; 15 Jun. 2000; Wenzhu Li leg.  ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Guangxi Province,  Guilin ; 14 Aug. 1952  ; IZAS.   2♀, China, Guangxi Province,  Guilin ; 19 Sep. 1952  ; IZAS.   2♀, China, Guangxi Province,  Guilin ; 19 Sep. 1952  ; IZAS.   5♂ 5♀, China, Guangxi Province,  Guilin ; 6 Mar. 1952  ; IZAS.   1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Yiwubannan,  Menglun ; 650 m; 25 Jul. 1959; Yiran Zhang leg.  ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Yiwubannan,  Menglun ; 650 m; 3 Apr. 1964; Baolin Zhang leg.  ;   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Mengla ; 620-650 m; 27 May 1959; Fuji Pu leg.  ; IZAS.   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Damenglong ; 650 m; 13 Apr. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.  ; IZAS. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 6.2-6.8 mm, width 4.6-5.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum, elytra and legs yellow, antennae and ventral surface of the body yellowish brown, scutellum brown; pronotum with a black spot on each side; each elytron with seven black spots, basal, middle, and subapical areas each with one pair of spots, apical area with one spot; some specimens have reduced or dark grey spots on the elytra, some have black spots interconnected.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercle distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extend to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately 2.5  × as long as wide; antennomeres 5-10, each approximately 1.6  × as long as wide; antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 similar in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, 1.5  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 2.5  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with small punctures, with the punctures on the pronotum larger than those on the head. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.</p>
            <p>Basal width of both elytra wider than the pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly wider than diameter of individual punctures.</p>
            <p> Metasternum 2.5  × as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest. </p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, with three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex rounded. In lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 6.2-6.6 mm, width 4.5-5.0 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae yellow, antennomeres 6-11 brown; antennomeres 1-5 thin, antennomeres 6-11 wide and flat, each approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, slightly longer than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species can be distinguished from the other species by black spots of the pronotum and elytra. However, it especially resembles  Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) haizhuensis , the former differs in having a scutellum without punctures, and the aedeagus in lateral view being moderately bent. </p>
            <p>Distribution:</p>
            <p>China: Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan; Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, India, Sikkim.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD499C53C23C5E2C9E2141B3117B19CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
0A9F0D36955258E09073638DBC103CDC.text	0A9F0D36955258E09073638DBC103CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nigromaculata Jiang 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nigromaculata Jiang, 1992</p>
            <p>Fig. 7A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia nigromaculata Jiang, 1992: 665. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) nigromaculata : Wang et al. 2000: 118. </p>
            <p>Type specimen examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: ♂, China, Sichuan Province, Maerkang; 2500 m; 17 Aug. 1983; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS.</p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>1♀, China, Sichuan Province, Xiaojin, Fubian; 2900 m; 19 Aug. 1963; Leyi Zheng leg.; IZAS.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum and scutellum blackish green, antennae, legs, and ventral surface of body brown, elytra and apex of each abdominal segment yellow; each elytron with seven black spots of different sizes, basal, middle and subapex each with one pair of spots, apex with one spot.</p>
            <p> Vertex densely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, each separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extending to the middle of the elytra; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, twice as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 1.9  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered in middle with small punctures with large punctures on other parts. The interstices between punctures slightly narrower than diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, densely covered with punctures.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than the pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures slightly narrower than diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 3, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, rounded laterally, basally widened, with triangular apex, slightly pointed. In lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 5.8 mm, width 3.3 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennal antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.4  × as long as second; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by the blackish green pronotum and blackish green spots of the elytra.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Sichuan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A9F0D36955258E09073638DBC103CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
71DA49A1E5725EED91E814CE8CDC98E4.text	71DA49A1E5725EED91E814CE8CDC98E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) punctipennis Jiang 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) punctipennis Jiang, 1992</p>
            <p>Fig. 8A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia punctipennis Jiang, 1992: 665. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) punctipennis : Wang et al. 2000: 118. </p>
            <p>Type specimen examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: ♂, China, Xizang, Mangkang, Haitong; 3250 m; Aug. 1982; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 6.0 mm, width 3.4 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum and scutellum blackish green, antennae, elytra, legs, and ventral surface of body brown; elytral epipleuron from base to subapex yellow, with middle of suture yellow, connected by yellow stripes from the base to the apex of each elytron.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 similar in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, 1.5  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p> Pronotum approximately 1.8  × as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc slightly convex, sparsely covered with small punctures in the middle with large punctures on other parts. The interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices. </p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, sparsely covered with punctures at base.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than the pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly, and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures narrower than the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices, with their interstices somewhat wrinkled.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, rounded laterally, basally widened, with triangular apex, distinctly pointed. In lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by blackish green pronotum, yellow stripes of elytra and large punctures on elytra.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Xizang.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Rheum sp. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/71DA49A1E5725EED91E814CE8CDC98E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
F7A940F18CE95CEDBF46BB20AAD061EC.text	F7A940F18CE95CEDBF46BB20AAD061EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) rutilans (Hope 1831)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) rutilans (Hope, 1831)</p>
            <p>Fig. 9A-F</p>
            <p> Eumolpus rutilans Hope, 1831: 30. </p>
            <p> Chrysomela mutabilis Hope, 1831: 30. Synonymized by Maulik 1936: 547. </p>
            <p> Galleruca fulgida Kollar &amp; Redtenbacher, 1844: 554. Synonymized by Maulik 1936: 547. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia cyanea Allard, 1890: 92. Synonymized by  Laboissière 1940: 30. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) rutilans : Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 657. </p>
            <p>Other specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Menglun ; 600 m; 22 Apr. 1994; Longlong Yang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Mengla ; 620-650 m; 2 May 1959; Facai Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Mengla ; 620-650 m; 3 May 1959; Facai Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Mengla ; 620-650 m; 3 May 1959; Facai Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Mengla ; 800 m; 1 Jun. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS  .   2♂♂ 1♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Menghun ; 1200-1400 m; 3 Jun. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS  .   1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Yiwubannan,  Menglun ; 650 m; 3 Aug. 1959; Yiran Zhang leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Damenglong ; 650 m; 5 Oct. 1958; Zhizi Chen leg.; IZAS  .   1♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna,  Damenglong ; 650 m; 7 Oct. 1958; Zhizi Chen leg.; IZAS  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 7.8-8.2 mm, width 4.9-5.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Body dark blue, antennae brown.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, each separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of the elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomeres 5-6, each approximately 1.2  × as long as wide; the length of each of antennomeres 7-9 equals its width; antennomere 10 approximately 1.2  × as wide as long; antennomere 11 approximately 1.2  × as long as wide; antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 similar in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p>Pronotum approximately twice as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins; disc sparsely covered with punctures, with a lateral pair of shallow impressions.</p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, smooth, impunctate.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than the pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, the interstices between punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with 5 segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 3, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex rounded. In lateral view strongly bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 8.0-8.2 mm, width 5.0-5.4 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennae antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 with short hairs, antennomeres 7-11 wide and flat, each approximately 1.2  × as wide as long; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by wide and flat antennae and the shallow impressions of the pronotum.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Yunnan; Kashmir, Myanmar, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7A940F18CE95CEDBF46BB20AAD061EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
BE4EDFF46C3C5CE7BA828A4BE28FAA2B.text	BE4EDFF46C3C5CE7BA828A4BE28FAA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) yajiangensis Jiang 1992	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) yajiangensis Jiang, 1992</p>
            <p>Fig. 10A-F</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia yajiangensis Jiang, 1992: 667. </p>
            <p> Sphenoraia (Sphenoraioides) yajiangensis : Wang et al. 2000: 118. </p>
            <p>Type specimens examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype:   ♂, China, SiChuan Province,  YaJiang ; 3600 m; 26 Aug. 1982; Shuyong Wang leg.; IZAS. Paratypes  : 3♂♂ 1♀, same information as holotype. Allotype: 1♀, same information as holotype. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Male. Length 5.8-6.2 mm, width 3.6-4.0 mm.</p>
            <p>Head, antennae, and legs brown, pronotum, scutellum and elytra blackish green, ventral surface of body black, elytral epipleuron from base to apical 1/3 and apex of each abdominal segment yellow.</p>
            <p> Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures; frontal tubercles distinctly raised, separated from each other by a deep furrow; antennae short, robust, extended to the middle of elytra; antennomeres 1-3 thin, shiny; antennomeres 4-11 wide and flat, with short hairs, antennomere 4 approximately twice as long as wide; antennomeres 5-10, each approximately 1.5  × as long as wide; antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.2  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.7  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5-10 gradually shortened, shorter than 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed. </p>
            <p>Pronotum approximately twice as wide as long, with rounded lateral margins, disc slightly convex, sparsely covered in middle with small punctures with large punctures on other parts. The interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.</p>
            <p>Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, covered with small punctures at base.</p>
            <p>Bases of both elytra wider than pronotum, gradually widen posteriorly and rounded at apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices between punctures equal to the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.</p>
            <p>Metasternum twice as long as mesosternum; prothoracic legs shortest, mesothoracic legs slightly longer, metathoracic legs longest.</p>
            <p>Ventral surface of abdomen with five segments, segment 1 longest, segments 2-4 gradually shortened, apical segment slightly longer than segment 4, three lobes.</p>
            <p>Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex narrowly pointed; in lateral view moderately bent.</p>
            <p>Female. Length 5.8-6.3 mm, width 3.5-3.9 mm.</p>
            <p> Antennal antennomeres 4-11 thin, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 1.5  × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2  × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite flatted. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from other species by blackish green pronotum and elytra.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China: Sichuan.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Berberidaceae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4EDFF46C3C5CE7BA828A4BE28FAA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
AB29A81C0D815CBBBA3D433066ABA8FC.text	AB29A81C0D815CBBBA3D433066ABA8FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoraia Clark 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sphenoraia Clark, 1865</p>
            <p> Sphenoraia Clark, 1865: 257, 262. Type species:  Galleruca bicolor Hope, 1831, designated by Gressitt and Kimoto 1963. </p>
            <p> Sermylassa subgenus Neosermylassa Chujo, 1956: 14. Type species:  Semylassa (Neosermylassa) japonica Chûjô , 1956, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymized by Kimoto 1986: 312. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB29A81C0D815CBBBA3D433066ABA8FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Feng, Chuan;Yang, Xing-Ke;Li, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yang	Feng, Chuan, Yang, Xing-Ke, Li, Zhi-Qiang, Liu, Yang (2022): Revision of Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 1132: 51-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1132.89858
