identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D23C87A0FFBF2E0FFEF8253AFCD2BB40.text	D23C87A0FFBF2E0FFEF8253AFCD2BB40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Raymunida shraddhanandi Tiwari & Padate & Cubelio & Osawa 2022	<div><p>Raymunida shraddhanandi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 2 (a–), 3(a–3), Figure 4 and Figure 5)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A3E0887-2772-4221-9734-ADB4C4D9328D</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype. India • ♂ (PCL 9.7 mm, CW 8.2 mm); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.72" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7/lat 10.72)">Andaman Sea</a>, off Little Andaman Island; FORVSS stn. 38806; 10.72°N, 92.7°E; 53 m depth; Chain dredge; 10 August 2019; Vinay P. Padate leg.; CMLRE IO /SS/ANO/00141.</p> <p>Paratype. India • 1 ♀ (PCL 5.8 mm, CW 4.9 mm); same data as for holotype; CMLRE IO /SS/ ANO/00140.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>India: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.72" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7/lat 10.72)">Andaman Sea</a>, off Little Andaman Island; 10.72°N, 92.7°E; 53 m depth.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named in honour of the Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, the alma mater of the first author.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Carapace (exclusive of rostrum) 1.2 times as long as wide; dorsal surface with sparse long iridescent setae, 5 pairs of epigastric spines, 0–1 anterior branchial spine, 1 parahepatic spine and 1 post-cervical spine on either side; frontal margin with short spine mesial to anterolateral spine; branchial margin with 4 spines (2 on each of anterior and posterior margins). Rostrum 0.4 times PCL, 2 times longer than supraocular spines. Anterior margin of thoracic sternite 4 as wide as sternite 3, sternites 5–7 smooth or with few short oblique striae on lateral portions. Pleonal tergites 2 and 3 each with or without row of interrupted, short striae between 2 transverse ridges. Antennular peduncle article 1 (excluding distal spines) not reaching distal corneal margin. Antennal peduncle article 1 with distomesial spine slightly overreaching distal margin of article 3, not reaching distal margin of antennular peduncle article 1; article 2 with distomesial spine reaching distal margin of article 3, unarmed on mesial margin; article 3 with short distomesial spine. Mxp3 merus with dorsodistal spine, ventral margin with 2 slender spines;carpus with 1 or 2 distal spines on ventral margin. P1 3.1–3.6 times PCL,with numerous long, simple setae; chela 4.6 (paratype female) to 7.5 (holotype male) times as long as wide, with dorsolateral row of sparsely arranged spines; fingers each with distinct rounded crest along dorsal midline. P2–4 meri squamate on lateral surface, P4 mero-carpal articulation reaching level of lateral end of anterior cervical groove of carapace.</p> <p>Description of holotype</p> <p>Carapace (Figures 2 (a), 2(a), 2(a, 2)) (exclusive of rostrum) 1.2 times as long as wide, bearing a few long iridescent setae dorsally; transverse striae with dense short setae; gastric region with 6 transverse striae and 5 pairs of spines (epigastric spines); cardiac region with 2 complete transverse striae followed by 2 median striae and 1 pair of lateral striae; intestinal region with 3 transverse striae, first and third complete, second interrupted medially. One parahepatic and 1 postcervical spine present on each side; anterior branchial spines absent. Frontal margin moderately oblique, with 1 small spine between supraocular spine and anterolateral spine. Lateral margin gently convex. Anterolateral spine distinct, but falling far short of level of sinus between rostrum and supraocular spine, followed by small spine anterior to cervical groove. Anterior and posterior branchial margins each with 2 spines, posteriormost spine smallest. Rostrum spiniform, 0.4 times PCL, 2 times longer than supraocular spines, directed slightly downward. Supraocular spines horizontal, subparallel, overreaching distal margin of cornea.</p> <p>Thoracic sternite 3 (Figure 4 (c)) 3.3 times as wide as long, with 2 flattened lobes separated by shallow V-shaped notch on anterior margin, anterior margins of lobes faintly granulate, lateral angle with distinct acute projection. Sternite 4 with anterior margin as wide as sternite 3, with 2 transverse striae, anterior stria medially interrupted, bearing sparse setae, posterior stria uninterrupted. Sternites 5 and 6 with short oblique stria on each lateral portion. Sternite 7 with few short striae laterally.</p> <p>Pleonal tergites (Figure 4 (d)) with few moderately long iridescent setae and row of short plumose setae on transverse ridges; tergites 2 and 3 each with row of short, interrupted striae between 2 transverse ridges, tergite 4 without striae between 2 transverse ridges; tergites 5 and 6 with 2 medially interrupted ridges, those on tergite 5 longer and nearly straight, those on tergite 6 somewhat squamiform.</p> <p>Eye (Figure 4 (a)) moderately large, corneal diameter 0.3 times distance between mesial bases of anterolateral spines, eye lashes simple and relatively short, long stout seta on rounded dorsodistal margin of peduncle.</p> <p>Antennular peduncle article 1 (Figure 4 (f)) (distal spines excluded) only reaching proximal margin of cornea; distomesial spine distinctly shorter than distolateral spine; 2 lateral spines, anterior spine distinctly overreaching tip of distolateral spine, posterior spine much shorter than anterior spine.</p> <p>Antennal peduncle article 1 (Figure 4 (f)) with long distomesial spine slightly overreaching distal margin of article 3, not reaching distal margin of antennular article 1; article 2 with distomesial spine reaching distal margin of article 3, distolateral spine nearly reaching distal margin of article 3, mesial margin unarmed; article 3 with short distomesial spine; article 4 unarmed.</p> <p>Mxp3 (Figure 4 (g)) ischium subequal in length to merus measured along dorsal margin, with strong spine each at dorsodistal and ventrodistal angles; crista dentata consisting of 33 denticles. Merus with small dorsodistal spine; ventral margin with 3 spines, second spine much smaller than other 2 slender main prominent spines. Carpus with 2 spines distally on ventral margin. Epipod present.</p> <p>P1 (Figure 4 (h,)) subequal from right to left, massive, 3.6 times PCL, moderately depressed, with numerous long, iridescent setae; surfaces of merus, carpus and palm of chela squamate. Merus 1.1 times PCL; dorsal and ventral surfaces each with 2 irregular rows of spines, distomesial spine strongest; mesial surface with 2 spines distal to mid length, distal spine much larger than proximal spine; lateral surface with 1 subdistal spine, ventrolateral margin with 1 small distal spine. Carpus with 2 irregular rows of spines on dorsal surface and with 1 spine each on ventral surface, mesial margin and lateral margin; mesial margin also with elongated spine on distal one-third. Chela 4.6 (left) or 4.8 (right) times as wide as long. Palm 1.3 times longer than carpus, 2.1 (right) or 2.3 (left) times as long as wide; dorsal surface with 2 irregular rows of spines and small spine at dactylar articulation; ventral surface with 1 mesial spine at mid length; mesial surface with longitudinal row of 4 spines; lateral margin with row of sparsely arranged spines extending to entire length of fixed finger. Fingers distally broken, but distinctly longer than palm at least, each with rounded longitudinal crest on dorsal surface; fixed finger curved on proximal half; dactylus with 3 spines on proximal one-third portion, 1 median spine and small, unevenly spaced spinules on distal portion of mesial margin; occlusal margins minutely dentate, dactylus with blunt teeth on proximal one-third fitting into large concavity on proximal half of fixed finger.</p> <p>P2–4 (Figure 4 (j–)) somewhat compressed laterally, 2.1 (P2, P3) and 1.7 (P4) times PCL; P4 mero-carpal articulation reaching only level of first branchial spine (lateral end of anterior cervical groove of carapace) (Figure 2 (a)); meri 6.3 (P2), 4.5 (P3) and 3.5 (P4) times as long as wide, 0.9 (P2), 0.8 (P3) and 0.6 (P4) times PCL, 3.0 (P2), 2.6 (P3) and 2.2 (P4) times longer than carpi; propodi 7.5 (P2), 6.7 (P3) and 5.7 (P4) times as long as wide, 2.1 (P2), 2.0 (P3) and 1.9 (P4) times longer than carpi, 2.3 (P2), 2.2 (P3) and 2.0 (P4) times longer than dactyli. Meri covered with distinct squamiform ridges on lateral and mesial surfaces; dorsal margins each with row of 10 (P2), 6 (P3) and 3 (P4) spines randomly arranged and increasing in size distally; lateral surfaces each with dorsal row of 3 (P2), 9 (P3) and 8 (P4) spines; ventral margins with 4 (P2), 3 (P3) and 2 (P4) spines on distal one-third. Carpi with 5 (P2), 4 (P3) and 1 (P4) dorsal spines; ventral margins each with 1 distal spine. Propodi dorsally unarmed; ventral margins with 7 (P2), 4 (P3) and 4 (P4) slender corneous spines. Dactyli with 6 (P2), 5 (P3) and 4 (P4) slender corneous spines on ventral margins. Epipods present on P1–3.</p> <p>Male with G1 (Figure 4 (n)) and G2 (Figure 4 (o)) as illustrated.</p> <p>Uropodal protopod (Figure 4 (e)) with 1 distal spine and proximal produced portion on lateral margin; endopod broader than exopod, lateral and distal margins each with row of spines (lateral spines damaged); exopod also spinose on lateral and distal margins.</p> <p>Variations</p> <p>The female paratype differs from the male holotype in the following points, although the difference in the P1 represents sexual dimorphism. Carapace (Figure 5 (a)) bearing 1 anterior branchial spine on dorsal surface. Thoracic sternites 5–7 (Figure 5 (b)) smooth. Pleonal tergites 2 and 3 (Figure 5 (a)) without striae. Antennal peduncle article 2 with distomesial spine feebly overreaching distal margin of article 3 (Figure 5 (c)). Mxp3 (Figure 5 (d)) merus with only 2 main spines on ventral margin, carpus with 1 distal spine on ventral margin. P1 slender, 3.1 times PCL, chela 7.5 times as long as wide; palm subequal in length to carpus, ventral surface with 2 irregular longitudinal rows of spines, lateral margin with row of spines extending to distal one-fourth of fixed finger; fingers about 1.9 times as long as palm, parallel to each other, occlusal margins minutely dentate, each with slightly larger acute teeth at regular intervals. P2–4 (Figure 5 (f–i)) 1.9 (P2), 2.2 (P3) and 1.7 (P4) times PCL; meri with 4 (P2), 4 (P3) and 2 (P4) spines on dorsal margins, lateral surfaces with dorsal row of 6 (P2) and 6 (P4) spines, P4 ventral margin with only 1 distal spine; carpi with 4 (P2), 3 (P3) and 2 (P4) spines on dorsal margins; P2 propodus and dactylus each with 5 ventral spines.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Among the known congeners, R. shraddhanandi sp. nov. is morphologically closest to R. formasanus (known from Taiwan and the south-eastern Australia, 104–300 m depths) in having the carapace with some long setae on the dorsal surface, the frontal carapace margin with a small spine mesial to the anterolateral spine, the antennal peduncle article 2 without a small spine on the mesial margin, the P1 bearing numerous long simple setae, the P1 fixed finger with a row of relatively sparse spines on the dorsolateral margin, and the P1 dactylus with a distinct longitudinal crest along the dorsal midline.</p> <p>However, the new species differs from R. formasanus) in the following characters (see Ahyong and Poore 2004; Lin et al. 2004).</p> <p>(1) The anterior branchial carapace region is unarmed or has only one spine, instead of three to five spines as in R. formasanus.</p> <p>(2) The distomesial spine of the antennal peduncle article 2 reaches only or feebly overreaches the distal margin of the article 3, while it clearly overreaches that margin in R. formasanus based on the re-examination of the holotype.</p> <p>(3) The antennal peduncle article 3 has a short distomesial spine, which is absent in R. formasanus.</p> <p>(4) The Mxp3 merus has a small but distinct dorsodistal spine, which is absent in R. formasanus.</p> <p>(5) The P4 mero-carpal articulation reaches only the lateral end of the anterior cervical groove of the carapace, whereas it overreaches the frontal margin of the carapace in R. formasanus.</p> <p>Munida alcocki Southwell,1906 was described from the Gulf of Mannar (Dutch Modragam Paar and Aripu Reef,off western coast of Sri Lanka),in shallow water to a depth of 66 m. The identity of the taxon is not clear, although it has been questionably included in the synonymy of Raymunida elegantissima (see Baba et al. 2008). Southwell (1906) described Munida alcocki as having seven spines on the carapace lateral margin; the number agrees only with that of R. iranica;in the other known Raymunida species,only five or six spines are present (Osawa and Safaie 2014). It is unlikely that Munida alcocki is conspecific with the present new taxon.</p> <p>Geographical distribution</p> <p>So far known only from the Andaman Sea, 53 m depth.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D23C87A0FFBF2E0FFEF8253AFCD2BB40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Cubelio, Sherine S.;Osawa, Masayuki	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine S., Osawa, Masayuki (2022): Squat lobsters of the genera Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000 and Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Natural History 56: 1819-1839, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600
D23C87A0FFB62E0EFEE0259FFBEDBED4.text	D23C87A0FFB62E0EFEE0259FFBEDBED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Raymunida vittata Macpherson 2009	<div><p>Raymunida vittata Macpherson, 2009</p> <p>(Figures 2 (c), 2(c) 2 2)</p> <p>Raymunida vittata Macpherson, 2009: 446, figure 7 (type locality: Vanuatu, SANTO 2006, stn DB16, 15.59°S, 167.26°E, 32–40 m depth); Osawa 2012: 140, 143 (key), figures 3, 4(b); Poupin et al. 2022: 21, figure 9(f).</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>India • 1 ♀ (PCL 9.0 mm, CW 7.7 mm); Andaman Sea, off Little Andaman Island; FORVSS stn. 38806; 10.72°N, 92.7°E; 53 m depth; Chain dredge; 10 August 2019; Vinay P. Padate leg.; CMLRE IO /SS/ANO/00142.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Morphological characters of the present specimen, including the carapace armature (Figure 6 (a,)), the striations on thoracic sternites and pleonal tergites (Figure 6 (c)), the relative lengths of spines on the antennal peduncle articles 1 and 2 (Figure 6 (e)), and the armatures of Mxp3 (Figure 6 (e)) and P3–4 (Figure 6 (g–)), fall within the range of intraspecific variations of the type material from Vanuatu (Macpherson 2009) and subsequently reported material from south-western Japan (Osawa 2012).</p> <p>Geographical distribution</p> <p>Vanuatu (Macpherson 2009), Ryukyu Islands, south-western Japan (Osawa 2012), Mayotte Island, south-western Indian Ocean (Poupin et al. 2022), Andaman Islands, India (present study); bathymetric range: 32–123 m depth (Macpherson 2009; Osawa 2012). The present occurrence of R. vittata in the eastern Indian Ocean suggests that the species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific although literature records are still scattered.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D23C87A0FFB62E0EFEE0259FFBEDBED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Cubelio, Sherine S.;Osawa, Masayuki	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine S., Osawa, Masayuki (2022): Squat lobsters of the genera Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000 and Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Natural History 56: 1819-1839, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600
D23C87A0FFB72E0AFEA3234FFED3BB47.text	D23C87A0FFB72E0AFEA3234FFED3BB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Munidopsis bengala Tiwari & Padate & Cubelio & Osawa 2022	<div><p>Munidopsis bengala sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 3 (d), 3)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EC51F9A5-0565-4502-A2C0-2D40A3794D48</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype. India • ♀ (PCL 8.0 mm, CW 7.7 mm); south-western Bay of Bengal, off <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.26/lat 11.03)">Tranquebar</a>, Tamil Nadu; FORVSS stn. 346, leg 1–03; 11.03°N, 80.26°E; 524 m depth; naturalist’s dredge; 5 December 2015; Chippy Khader leg; CMLRE IO /SS/ANO/00145.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>India: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.26/lat 11.03)">South-western Bay of Bengal</a>, off Tranquebar, Tamil Nadu; 11.03°N, 80.26°E; 524 m depth.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species name is derived from the type locality, the Bay of Bengal.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Anoplonotus group. Carapace (exclusive of rostrum) dorsally uneven, covered with small, unevenly scattered granules; epigastric bulges blunt, posterior cardiac region narrowly triangular; lateral margins gently diverging posteriorly in anterior three-fourths length, unarmed, each with rounded anterolateral angle. Rostrum narrowly subtriangular, gently deflexed ventrally, with mid-dorsal granular carina extending nearly to epigastric region, lateral margins gently tapering; width at base about 0.3 of distance between anterolateral angles of carapace. Thoracic sternite 4 broad, 2.8 times wider than, and not contiguous to, sternite 3; anterolateral margins gently concave. Pleonal tergites unarmed, tergites 2–4 each with elevated transverse ridge anteriorly, tergites 2 and 3 each with posterior transverse ridge. No eye spines. Antennular peduncle article 1 with 2 strong distal spines, ventrodistal spine larger than dorsodistal spine. Antennal peduncle overreaching distal corneal margin by combined length of articles 3 and 4, all articles unarmed. Mxp3 with 3 ventral spines, distalmost smallest; dorsal margin distally with small blunt projection. Epipods absent from P1–4.</p> <p>Description of holotype</p> <p>Carapace (Figures 3 (d), 3(a, 3)) (exclusive of rostrum) quadrangular in general outline, 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral margins gently diverging posteriorly in anterior threefourths length and subparallel on posterior one-fourth. Dorsal surface with regions well delineated by deep depressions, uneven in lateral view, unarmed, covered with small, unevenly scattered granules. Hepatic region not elevated. Gastric region strongly convex, with pair of blunt epigastric bulges. Cervical grooves deep. Cardiac region subdivided into anterior and posterior parts by deep transverse groove; posterior part narrowly triangular, more elevated than gastric region. Posterior branchial region subdivided into 2 parts by deep transverse groove. Frontal margin behind ocular peduncles oblique, gently convex behind antennal peduncle; antennal spine absent; no submarginal protuberance between ocular and antennal peduncle. Anterolateral angle rounded. Posterior submarginal ridge elevated, sharp, unarmed. Rostrum (Figure 7 (a,)) 0.3 times PCL, narrow, gently tapering distally in dorsal view, terminating in blunt tip, gently deflexed ventrally; dorsal surface with median granular carina extending nearly to epigastric region; surfaces lateral to carina minutely granulate; width at base about 0.3 of distance between anterolateral angles of carapace.</p> <p>Pterygostomian flap (Figure 7 (b)) covered with short rows of granules; anterior margin bluntly subtriangular.</p> <p>Sternum (Figure 7 (c)) 1.1 times as wide as long, maximum width at sternite 7. Sternite 3 divided into 2 ovate lobes with distinctly sinuous anterior and posterior margins. Sternite 4 2.8 times wider than, and not contiguous to, sternite 3; surface smooth except for scattered granules, with subcircular median depression behind posterior margin of sternite 3; anterolateral margins gently concave, each with granulated ridge. Sternites 5 and 6 nearly smooth, each side with elevated anterior margin.</p> <p>Pleon (Figure 7 (a,)) unarmed, surfaces of tergites and pleura smooth. Tergites 2–4 each with elevated, transverse ridge anteriorly, tergites 2 and 3 each with posterior transverse ridge. Tergites 5 and 6 without transverse ridges, distomedian margin of tergite 6 flattish. Telson (Figure 7 (e)) about 1.4 times as wide as long, composed of 8 calcified plates.</p> <p>Ocular peduncle (Figure 7 (a)) short, stout, movable, unarmed. Cornea subglobular, not dilated, weakly pigmented, slightly longer than remaining peduncle, reaching 0.4 length of rostrum.</p> <p>Antennular peduncle article 1 (Figure 7 (f)) distally armed with 2 strong, well separated spines, ventrodistal spine larger than dorsodistal spine.</p> <p>Antennal peduncle (Figure 7 (f)) overreaching distal corneal margin by combined length of articles 3 and 4; article 1 wider than articles 2–4, distomesial projection indistinct, rounded; articles 2–4 unarmed.</p> <p>Mxp3 (Figure 7 (g)) ischium 0.7 merus length; dorsal margin sharply ridged, with small distal spine, crista dentata consisting of 24 corneous denticles. Merus with 3 blunt spines on ventral margin, distalmost smallest; dorsal margin unarmed, but with small blunt projection distally.</p> <p>P1–4 missing. Epipods absent from P1–4.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Among the Anoplonotus group of the genus Munidopsis (see Ahyong et al. 2011; VázquezBader et al. 2014), M. bengala sp. nov. and M. kadal sp. nov., described later in this paper, are similar to M. bruta (Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, 329–1203 m depths), M. shulerae (Gulf of Mexico and western Caribbean off the Mexican coast of Yucatan, 320–787 m depths) and M. truculenta (off Congo, Africa, 800– 900 m depth) in having the dorsal surface of carapace with a pair of blunt bulges on the epigastric region and entirely covered with coarse granules or small tubercles, the frontal margins of the carapace gently convex, and the absence of an anterolateral spine on each side of the carapace. Furthermore, the presence of a distinct mid-dorsal carina on the rostrum may link M. bengala sp. nov. and M. kadal sp. nov. more closely to M. shulerae than to M. bruta and M. truculenta. Meanwhile, M. bengala sp. nov. resembles M. truculenta rather than M. bruta and M. shulerae in that the carapace lateral margins are gently divergent posteriorly in the anterior three-fourths; the lateral margins are subparallel in M. bruta and M. shulerae as well as in M. kadal sp. nov. Furthermore, M. bengala sp. nov. is distinctive in lacking a dorsodistal spine on the Mxp3 merus; the spine is present in the latter three species.</p> <p>In addition, M. bengala sp. nov. is distinguished from M. bruta, M. shulerae and M. truculenta by the following characters. From M. bruta (see Macpherson 2007; Osawa et al. 2013):</p> <p>1.The antennal peduncle overreaches the corneal distal margin by the combined length of the article 3 and 4 vs only by the length of article 4 in M. bruta.</p> <p>2.The Mxp3 merus is unarmed on the dorsal margin, whereas it is crenulated or has one or two small spines on the dorsal margin in addition to a strong dorsodistal spine in M. bruta.</p> <p>From M. shulerae (see Vázquez-Bader et al. 2014):</p> <p>1.The epigastric bulges of the carapace are rounded on the anterior margins, vs being each delimited anteriorly by a semi-circular tuberculate ridge in M. shulerae.</p> <p>2.The mid-dorsal carina of the rostrum extends nearly to the epigastric carapace region, whereas it continues as a row of small tubercles between the epigastric bulges in M. shulerae.</p> <p>From M. truculenta (see Macpherson and Segonzac 2005):</p> <p>1.The dorsal surface of the carapace is coarsely granular, rather tuberculate, particularly on the branchial region, as in M. truculenta.</p> <p>The characters that distinguish between M. bengala sp. nov. and M. kadal sp. nov. are discussed below under the Remarks on the latter new species.</p> <p>Geographical distribution</p> <p>So far known only from south-western Bay of Bengal, off Tamil Nadu, India, 524 m depth (Figure 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D23C87A0FFB72E0AFEA3234FFED3BB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Cubelio, Sherine S.;Osawa, Masayuki	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine S., Osawa, Masayuki (2022): Squat lobsters of the genera Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000 and Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Natural History 56: 1819-1839, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600
D23C87A0FFB32E17FEB2258CFE75BAE6.text	D23C87A0FFB32E17FEB2258CFE75BAE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Munidopsis kadal Tiwari & Padate & Cubelio & Osawa 2022	<div><p>Munidopsis kadal sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 3 (e), 3)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04C22864-27A5-4DFF-BF50-83D50DDBD984</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype. India • ♂ (PCL 5.2 mm, CW 5.0 mm); south-eastern <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.98/lat 10.99)">Arabian Sea</a>, off Kerala; FORVSS stn. 341I06; 10.99°N, 74.98°E; 1018 m depth; naturalist’s dredge; 17 June 2015; N. Saravanane leg.; CMLRE IO /SS/ANO/00146.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>India: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=74.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 74.98/lat 10.99)">South-eastern Arabian Sea</a>, off Kerala; 10.99°N, 74.98°E; 1018 m depth.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species name is derived from the Malayalam word for ‘sea’. The name is used as noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Anoplonotus group. Carapace dorsally uneven,covered with numerous granules and low small tubercles; epigastric bulges blunt, each bearing tuberculate ridge anteriorly; posterior cardiac region widely triangular; lateral margins subparallel, unarmed, each with rounded anterolateral angle. Rostrum narrow subtriangular, nearly horizontal, with mid-dorsal granular carina extending between epigastric bulges; width at base about 0.4 of distance between anterolateral angles of carapace. Thoracic sternite 4 broad, 2.6 times wider than, and not contiguous to, sternite 3; anterolateral margins gently concave. Pleonal tergites unarmed, tergites 2–4 each with elevated transverse ridge anteriorly, tergites 2 and 3 with posterior transverse ridge. No eye spines. Antennular article 1 with 2 strong distal spines, ventrodistal spine larger than dorsodistal spine. Antennal peduncle overreaching distal corneal margin by half length of article 4, article 1 with small subacute ventromesial projection. Mxp3 with 2 ventral spines, dorsal margin distally with distinct spine. P1 slender, 3.3–3.4 times PCL, unarmed, with numerous coarse granules; fingers 0.9 length of palm, not gaping when closed, dactylus with low tooth proximally on cutting edge. Epipods absent from P1–4.</p> <p>Description of holotype</p> <p>Carapace (Figures 3 (e), 3(a, 3)) (exclusive of rostrum) quadrangular in general outline, 1.1 times as long as wide; lateral margins subparallel, each with small notch at lateral end of anterior cervical groove. Dorsal surface with regions well delineated by deep depressions, uneven in lateral view, unarmed, covered with granules and low small tubercles. Hepatic region not elevated. Gastric region strongly convex, with pair of blunt epigastric bulges, each bulge delimited anteriorly by tuberculate ridge. Cervical grooves deep. Cardiac region subdivided into anterior and posterior parts by deep transverse groove; posterior part widely triangular, more elevated than gastric region. Posterior branchial region subdivided into 2 parts by deep transverse groove. Frontal margin behind ocular peduncles oblique, gently convex between ocular and antennal peduncles; antennal spine absent; no submarginal protuberance between ocular and antennal peduncle. Anterolateral angle rounded. Posterior submarginal ridge elevated, sharp, unarmed. Rostrum (Figure 8 (a,)) about 0.3 times PCL, narrow, distinctly tapering distally in dorsal view, terminating in blunt tip, nearly horizontal; dorsal surface with median granular carina extending between epigastric bulges; surfaces lateral to carina minutely granulate; width at base about 0.4 of distance between anterolateral angles of carapace.</p> <p>Pterygostomian flap (Figure 8 (b)) covered with short rows of granules; anterior margin bluntly subtriangular.</p> <p>Sternum (Figure 8 (c)) 1.2 times as wide as long, maximum width at sternite 7. Sternite 3 divided into 2 ovate lobes with distinctly sinuous anterior and posterior margins. Sternite 4 2.6 times wider than, and not contiguous to, sternite 3; surface smooth except for scattered granules, with subcircular median depression behind posterior margin of sternite 3; anterolateral margins gently concave, each with granulated ridge. Sternites 5–7 nearly smooth, each side with elevated anterior margin.</p> <p>Pleon (Figure 8 (a,,)) unarmed, surfaces of tergites and pleura smooth. Tergites 2–4 each with elevated transverse ridge anteriorly, tergites 2 and 3 each with posterior transverse ridge. Tergites 5 and 6 without transverse ridges, distomedian margin of tergite 6 flattish. Telson (Figure 8 (e)) 1.3 times as wide as long, composed of 8 calcified plates.</p> <p>Ocular peduncle (Figure 8 (a)) short, stout, movable, unarmed. Cornea subglobular, not dilated, weakly pigmented, slightly longer than remaining peduncle, reaching 0.4 length of rostrum.</p> <p>Antennular article 1 (Figure 8 (f)) distally armed with 2 strong, well-separated spines, ventrodistal spine larger than dorsodistal spine.</p> <p>Antennal peduncle (Figure 8 (f)) overreaching distal corneal margin by half length of article 4; article 1 with small subacute distomesial projection; articles 2–4 unarmed.</p> <p>Mxp3 (Figure 8 (g)) ischium 0.8 merus length; dorsal margin sharply ridged, with small distolateral spine, crista dentata consisting of 19 corneous denticles. Merus with 2 spines on ventral margin,distal spine smaller than proximal spine;dorsal margin with strong distal spine.</p> <p>P1 subequal (Figure 8 (h)), 3.3–3.4 times PCL, unarmed, covered with numerous coarse granules. Merus somewhat concave on mesial surface; lateral surface with short subdistal ridge. Carpus and chela slightly compressed dorsoventrally. Palm 1.8 times longer than carpus. Fingers 0.9 length of palm, not gaping when closed; cutting edges each with row of small blunt teeth, also with low tooth proximally on dactylus.</p> <p>P2–4 missing. Epipods absent from P1–4.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>As discussed above in the Remarks section for M. bengala sp. nov., M. kadal sp. nov. is morphologically similar to M. bengala sp. nov., M. bruta, M. shulerae and M. truculenta. However, M. kadal sp.nov. is distinguished from the other four species by the proportionally shorter antennal peduncle which overreaches the distal corneal margin by half the length of article 4, rather than by at least the full length of article 4 as in the other species.</p> <p>Munidopsis kadal sp. nov. is morphologically closest to M. shulerae in having the combination of the following characters: the carapace lateral margins are subparallel; the epigastric bulges each have a tuberculate ridge anteriorly; and the rostrum has a middorsal carina. However, the new species differs from M. shulerae in lacking dense short setae along the cutting edges of the P1 finger, in addition to having a proportionally shorter antennal peduncle.</p> <p>The new species further differs from M. bruta in the dorsal margin of the Mxp3 merus being unarmed exclusive of a strong distal spine, instead of being crenulated or having one or two small spines; and from M. truculenta in the lateral carapace margins being subparallel, rather than divergent posteriorly, and the dorsal surface of the carapace with coarse granules and small tubercles, rather than being distinctly tuberculate, particularly on the branchial region.</p> <p>Munidopsis kadal sp. nov. and M. bengala sp. nov. are distinguishable by the following characters.</p> <p>(1) The dorsal surface of the carapace is more strongly uneven and more tuberculate in M. kadal sp. nov. than in M. bengala sp. nov.</p> <p>(2) The lateral margins of the carapace are subparallel in M. kadal sp. nov., but they are gently divergent posteriorly along the anterior three-fourths in M. bengala sp. nov.</p> <p>(3) The pair of epigastric bulges on the carapace are each delimited anteriorly by a tuberculate ridge in M. kadal sp. nov., whereas the anterior margin of the epigastric bulges is rounded and such ridge is absent in M. bengala sp. nov.</p> <p>(4) The rostrum is wider at the base and tapers more strongly in M. kadal sp. nov. than in M. bengala sp. nov. The basal width of the rostrum is about 0.4 and 0.3 of the distance between the anterolateral angles of the carapace in M. kadal sp. nov. and M. bengala sp. nov., respectively.</p> <p>(5) The Mxp3 merus has a strong dorsodistal spine in M. kadal sp. nov.; the spine is absent in M. bengala sp. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution</p> <p>So far known only from the type locality, south-eastern Arabian Sea, off Kerala, India, 1018 m depth (Figure 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D23C87A0FFB32E17FEB2258CFE75BAE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tiwari, Shivam;Padate, Vinay P.;Cubelio, Sherine S.;Osawa, Masayuki	Tiwari, Shivam, Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine S., Osawa, Masayuki (2022): Squat lobsters of the genera Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000 and Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of Natural History 56: 1819-1839, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2138600
