identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F787CEFFDDDF135BA7FA76FDB31218.text	03F787CEFFDDDF135BA7FA76FDB31218.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari 2014	<div><p>Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014</p> <p>Type species Chakra sarvatra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014</p> <p>Chakra was proposed as a new genus by Rajmohana and Veenakumari (2014). Although specimens of Chakra keyed out to Opisthacantha at couplet 59 of Masner (1976) and 50 of Galloway and Austin (1984), they did not conform to the concept of the genus Opisthacantha Ashmead sensu Masner (1976), a very large genus in which some diagnostic characters are highly variable:</p> <p>eyes densely setose, or partially setose or glabrous; skaphion well developed in most species (with posterior rim well developed or absent), or absent as in many Oriental species; notauli either percurrent, or short or absent; metanotal spine present as a short strong tooth, at times broadly subtridentate, or the lateral spines short or the spine represented as a foliaceous triangle or medially excavate; fore wing with submarginalis often ‘broken’ at junction with spurious basalis, or not ‘broken’ with submarginalis straight. T 1 in females generally without horn or with horn as in some cases. Masner (1976, 45–46)</p> <p>The significant characters that distinguish Chakra from Opisthacantha are detailed in the diagnosis.</p> <p>With this high degree of variability characterising the genus, Masner (1976) found many genera formerly thought to be distinct from Opisthacantha to in fact be species groups within this genus as each of them fitted somewhere along the continuum of each of the character states defining this genus. Interestingly character states normally of value in distinguishing between genera are here found to be of significance at the specific level (Galloway and Austin 1984). However, Opisthacantha Ashmead sensu Masner (1976) as currently delineated (and as also pointed out by one of the reviewers) is in need of revision. We are of the opinion that this large genus with highly variable characters may have to be divided into several genera or species groups, each characterised by stable character states.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra is characterised by the presence of round setigerous tubercles on head, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and ventral mesopleuron; lateral ocelli far from orbits and closer to median ocellus; a raised interantennal prominence and a Scelio - type ovipositor; skaphion and notaulus absent. Talamas et al. (2017) when expanding the concept of this genus included additional characters: presence of metapleural and paracoxal sulci separately in dorsal half of metapleuron; presence of an epomial carina; coarsely rugose propodeum; presence of facial and malar striae; occipital carina complete; area surrounding interantennal process with lines of sculpture; clypeus dorsoventrally divided by a transverse furrow; palpal formula 4:2 (Popovici et al. 2017); metascutellum with 1–3 spines of varying lengths.</p> <p>It was also evident during the course of this study that Chakra is a polymorphic genus, exhibiting variability in some of its character states: eyes (small or large); length of ocular ocellar line and interorbital space; number of metascutellar spines (varying from 1–3 and of variable length); density of round setose protuberances on head, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (dense to sparse); wings (well developed or brachypterous); horn on female T1 (present or absent); shape of metasoma; shape of the interantennal process; shape and length of male antennomeres.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFDDDF135BA7FA76FDB31218	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFDFDF165B4EFF4AFD171490.text	03F787CEFFDFDF165B4EFF4AFD171490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra agathachristieae Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra agathachristieae Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD1E5B91-840A-4F18-989C-14079198C136</p> <p>(Figures 1 (a–f), 2(a–b), 23(a))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.23–1.45 mm (n = 10); male body length = 1.13 mm (n = 1).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesosoma brown; posterior margin of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metascutellar spine, lateral propodeal area red-brown; anterior margins of T1 and T2 with red-brown transverse band; remainder of T1–T3 yellow-brown, remaining tergites brown; inner margins of ocelli black; radicle pale yellow, A1–A2, A5–A6 brown-yellow, remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs brown-yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 1.6× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.7× head width, 2.5× eye length. OOL&gt; POL&gt; LOL: 9.6:8.0:3.3. OOL: 4.3× MOD. Compound eye: small (L: W = 10.1:7.2). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth, except for reticulate-striate patch on dorsal and lateral sides of imaginary central keel. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Facial and malar striae: weak. Interantennal process: triangular.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 22.0:31.3. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: foveate laterally. L:W of mesoscutellum: 9.4:20.3. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances weakly rugose. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: weakly foveate. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posterolaterally. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances, anteriorly with short uneven carinae, remainder smooth. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: weakly foveate ventrally. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: not foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: almost smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth, with sparse transverse carinae ventrally. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth except for a rugose patch posteriorly; ventrally with shallow depressions and a smooth patch posteriorly. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 74.5:28.2. L:W of hind wing: 67.2:12.4. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 57.3:35.8. Sculpture of T1: weakly longitudinally costate. Length of T1: 0.5× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0. 5× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: anteromedially smooth, followed by basal foveae and longitudinal costae. Sculpture of T3: weakly striate anteriorly, remainder smooth with sparse setigerous punctae posteriorly and posterolaterally. Sculpture of T4–T6: smooth with setigerous punctae.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female. Shape of antennomeres: short and rectangular.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (Indian Council of Agricultural Research / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources</a>) (ICAR / NBAIR / P4454), INDIA: Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 26 November 2013.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4455), Karnataka: Bengaluru, Attur, 13.096°N 77.566° E, 936 m, YPT, 08 April 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4456), Karnataka: Bengaluru, Attur, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 12 August 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4457), Holotype: Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4454), INDIA: Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 26 November 2013, Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, YPT, 30 August 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4458), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566° E, 936 m, PFT, 12 June 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4459), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 09 January 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4460), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, YPT, 29 December 2012; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4461), Arunachal Pradesh: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Pasighat</a>, CHF, 28.080°N 95.324°E, 173 m, YPT, 10 November 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4462), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, YPT, 06 March 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4463), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture</a> (CIFA), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 29 August 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4464), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, CIFA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 07 August 2014; 3 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4465–4467), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, CIFA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 07 July 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4468), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 21 August 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4469), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 24 November 2016;; 5 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4470–4474), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT (grass), 27 July 2012; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4475), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 25 July 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4476), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Vellore</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Yelagiri</a>, 12.578°N 78.662°E, 969 m, YPT, 17 June 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4477), Kerala: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Thiruvananthapuram</a>; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Vellayani</a>, 8.730°N 76.987°E, 11 m, SN, 21 November 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4478), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Udupi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Brahmavara</a>, 13.430°N 74.745°E, 36 m, YPT (weeds), 29 May 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4479), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Dakshina Kannada</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Vittal</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Central Plantation Crops Research Institute</a> (CPCRI), 12.524°N 74.964°E, 6 m, YPT (cocoa plot), 20 February 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4480), Kerala: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Kasargod</a>, CPCRI, 12.524°N 74.964°E, 6 m, YPT, 20 February 2015; 2 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4481 – P4482), Arunachal Pradesh: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Pasighat</a>, CHF, 28.080°N 95.324°E, 173 m, YPT, 10 November 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4483), Assam: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Dibrugarh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Krishi Vigyana Kendra</a> (KVK), 27.472°N 94.911°E, 109 m, YPT, 07 November 2014; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4484), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.096" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.566/lat 13.096)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 27 August 2011.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after Dame Agatha Christie, the internationally recognised queen of detective fiction. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This species resembles C. valluvari sp. nov. and C. sarvatra, but differs from them in having OOL longer than POL, OOL&gt; 4.3× MOD and a triangular interantennal process with a wide base; while in the latter two species POL is longer than OOL, OOL &lt;3.3× MOD and the interantennal process is rectangular and elongate.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFDFDF165B4EFF4AFD171490	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFDBDF185B97FEAAFE8C113F.text	03F787CEFFDBDF185B97FEAAFE8C113F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra alexandra Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra alexandra Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 902F00DF-4D0A-4655-93A2-79A64C92B3F2</p> <p>(Figures 3 (a–f), 23(b))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.24–1.38 mm (n = 8).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark brown with T1–T3 brown-yellow; anterior T1 and T2 with narrow transverse black band; inner margins of ocelli with black markings; metascutellar spine and lateral propodeal area with black margins; radicle and A1 brown-yellow, remaining antennomeres yellow with uneven black patches; all legs yellow-brown with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.1× as wide as high, 1.5× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, 1.1× eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 8.0:6.0:5.0. OOL: 1.8× MOD. Compound eye: large (L: W = 19.8:14.4). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: with sparse setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with smooth to rugose sculpture, additional weak transverse reticulations present on either side of central keel. Central keel: present, 0.2× head height. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances, interspersed with longitudinal carinae. Facial and malar striae: weak. Interantennal process: weakly sculptured, basally wide and gradually narrowing apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 21.5:29.8. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 10.2:22.3. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth with longitudinal carinae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine, rounded apically. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: smooth with shallow depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed laterally. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally setigerous protuberances followed by weak reticulations, medially smooth, posteriorly and ventrally transversely carinate. Pronotal cervical sulcus: foveate. Netrion sulcus: with weak depressions ventrally. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: dorsally smooth, ventrally obliquely carinate. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth with intricate sculpture posteriorly and ventrally with depressions, except for a smooth area posterodorsally. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 84.4:31.3. L:W of hind wing: 75.3:14.1. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 53.5:33.4. Sculpture of T1: basally foveate, followed by longitudinal costae, posteromedially smooth. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.6× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: basal foveae present, followed by longitudinal costae and posteromedially smooth. Sculpture of T3: longitudinally striate anteromedially, remainder coriaceous reticulate. Sculpture of T4–T6: coriaceous reticulate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4401), INDIA: Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 20 March 2016.</p> <p>Paratypes. 12 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4402–4413), Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 20 March 2016; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4414), Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 20 March 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4439), Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I: Campbell Bay, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, SN, 18 March 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet ‘alexandra’ refers to one of the five major rivers in Great Nicobar, the island where this species was collected. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This species resembles C. galathea sp. nov. but differs from it in having a central keel on frons and reticulations on lower frons adjacent to central keel; whereas in C. galathea sp. nov. central keel on frons is absent and short carinae are present adjacent to central keel.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFDBDF185B97FEAAFE8C113F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFD5DF1C5B86FA00FD30106E.text	03F787CEFFD5DF1C5B86FA00FD30106E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra bournei Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra bournei Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7204D423-5B35-407E-A46E-2A40D8A1E4C7</p> <p>(Figures 4 (a–f), 5(a–b), 23(c))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.32–1.67 mm (n = 10); male body length = 1.48–1.57 mm (n = 2).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head brown, mesoscutum orange, mesoscutellum black-brown with an orange rim; propodeum orange with a brown border posteriorly; metascutellar spine orange with black lateral markings; T1 orange with red-brown anterior margin; T2 medially yellowbrown, laterally brown-black; T3 anteromedially yellow-brown, laterally and posteriorly brown-black; T4–T6 black; ocelli with black patches on inner margin; radicle, A1–A7 yellow, remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs yellow-brown, with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.2× as wide as high, 1.4× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, subequal to eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 7.4:5.7:4.2. OOL: 1.9× MOD. Compound eye: large (L:W = 19.5:15.1). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Sculpture of frons: entirely with setose protuberances, except for transverse striations medially and on either side of central keel. Central keel: present, 0.2× head height. Sculpture of gena: longitudinally carinate, interspersed with sparse setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: smooth, basally wide and apically narrow.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 20.9:30.6. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: laterally foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 13.0:18.1 (11.6:19.5). Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth with longitudinal carinae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular medial spine, 0.4× length of mesoscutellum. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with weak depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: smooth, except for setose protuberances dorsally and oblique carinae posteriorly. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: dorsally smooth and ventrally obliquely carinate, with shallow depressions posterodorsally. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: posterodorsally obliquely carinate, ventrally with shallow depressions. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: weakly foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: weakly foveate. L:W of fore wing: 86.9:29.2. L:W of hind wing: 80.6:14.3. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 72.0:34.4. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate except for a smooth patch posteriorly. Length of T1: 0.8× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.5× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: anteromedially and posteromedially smooth, basal foveae present, remainder entirely costate. Sculpture of T3: longitudinally costate (sometimes with smooth medial patch) and laterally coriaceous reticulate. Sculpture of T4–T6: coriaceous reticulate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female. Shape of antennomeres: elongate.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4415), INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Lower Pulney Hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Horticulture Research Station</a> (HRS), 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT, 26 June 2015.</p> <p>Paratypes. 3 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4416 – P4418), Tamil Nadu: Lower Pulney Hills, Thadiyankudisai, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT, 26 June 2015; 5 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4419 – P4423), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT, 25 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4424), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (weeds), 30 January 2017; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4425), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (grass), 26 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4418), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, MT, 26 June 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4426 – P4427); Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (spice plot, bay leaf (Laurus nobilis: Lauraceae)), 28 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4428), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Dindugul</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thandikudi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Regional Coffee Research Station</a> (RCRS), 10.309°N 77.642°E, 1305 m, YPT, 26 June 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4429), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Dindugul</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thandikudi</a>, RCRS, 10.309°N 77.642°E, 1305 m, YPT (black pepper (Piper nigrum: Piperaceae) plot), 27 November 2016; 2 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4430 – P4431), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Dindugul</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thandikudi</a>, RCRS, 10.309°N 77.642°E, 1305 m, YPT (coffee (Coffea sp.: Rubiaceae) plot), 29 January 2017; 1 female, (ICAR / NBAIR / P4432) Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Hosur</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Uddanapalli</a>, 12.624°N 77.924°E, 758 m, YPT, 30 December 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4433), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Coimbatore</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Valparai</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Uralikkal</a>, 10.329°N 76.892°E, 1068 m, YPT (weeds), 04 May 2015; 2 males (ICAR / NBAIR / P4434 – P4435), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Dindugul</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thandikudi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Regional Coffee Research Station</a> (RCRS), 10.329°N 76.892°E, 1305 m, YPT, 26 June 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4530), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT, 25 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4538), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Lower Pulney Hills</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.711/lat 10.299)">Thadiyankudisai</a>, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (banana (Musa sp.: Musaceae) plot), 28 November 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet ‘bournei’ is in memory of Alfred G. Bourne, the distinguished British biologist who served in India for many years and was the second Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra bournei sp. nov. resembles C. sanghamittae sp. nov. but differs from it in having a femoral depression that is dorsally smooth and ventrally carinate and by the absence of a central keel on frons; whereas in C. sanghamittae sp. nov. the femoral depression is entirely carinate and central keel is present on frons.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFD5DF1C5B86FA00FD30106E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFD1DF015B9FFBD5FD8212CF.text	03F787CEFFD1DF015B9FFBD5FD8212CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra galathea Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra galathea Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 819BB9CE-20CB-4AF6-A8C6-A4DC01F1BB27</p> <p>(Figures 6 (a–f), 7(a–b), 23(d))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.42–1.63 mm (n = 10); male body length = 1.32– 1.56 mm (n = 10).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Entire body brown with uneven patches of black, metasoma paler than head and mesosoma; metascutellar spine and lateral propodeal area with black margins; ocelli with black patches on inner margin; entire antenna yellow brown; all legs yellow, with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 1.4× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, 1.2× eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 8.0:6.2:4.5. OOL: 1.7× MOD. Compound eye: large (L: W = 18.6:13.7). Sculpture of vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with coriaceous reticulations posteriorly. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances except for short transverse and oblique carinae on either side of imaginary central keel. Central keel: absent, instead a smooth longitudinal area indicated. Sculpture of gena: longitudinally carinate, interspersed with setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: smooth, basal half wide, abruptly narrowing in distal half.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 19.6:28.9. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 10.7:21.4. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth with sparse longitudinal carinae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular medial spine, 0.5× length of mesoscutellum. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: smooth with weak foveae. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed laterad. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: with setose protuberances dorsally, obliquely striate posterodorsally, medially smooth, intricate sculpture posteriorly and ventrally. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: with weak depressions. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate ventrally. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: dorsally smooth, ventrally obliquely carinate. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally with intricate sculpture, ventrally with setose protuberances. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 82.0:28.7. L:W of hind wing: 74.7:13.3. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 62.9:34.6. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate with weak basal foveae. Length of T1: 0.6× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.6× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: with elongate basal foveae, followed by longitudinal costae and smooth area posteriorly. Sculpture of T3: medially smooth, submedially longitudinally striate culminating in reticulation, remainder coriaceous reticulate. Sculpture of T4–T6: medially smooth, remainder reticulate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female except for colour. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma brown-black. Shape of antennomeres: elongate.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4500), INDIA: Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 22 March 2016.</p> <p>Paratypes. 14 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4501 – P4514), Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 22 March 2016; 15 males (ICAR / NBAIR / P4515 – P4529), Andaman and Nicobar Is: Great Nicobar I.: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.934/lat 7.013)">Campbell Bay</a>, 7.013°N 93.934°E, 13 m, YPT, 22 March 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named ‘galathea’, after Galathea, the southernmost Indian river on the east coast of Great Nicobar, the island where this species was collected. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra galathea sp. nov. resembles C. alexandra sp. nov. The distinguishing characters are given above under the latter species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFD1DF015B9FFBD5FD8212CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFCDDF055B93FF2CFE49174E.text	03F787CEFFCDDF055B93FF2CFE49174E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra gotamiae Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra gotamiae Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8E3836C0-C9B4-4CA9-864C-15B6A19F8011</p> <p>(Figures 8 (a–f), 9(a–b), 23(e))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.70–1.86 mm (n = 8); male body length = 1.59–1.65 (n = 2).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head yellow-brown; mesosoma orange-brown; metasoma yellow except brown T4, brown-black T5–T6; inner margins of ocelli with black markings; radicle and A1 yellow, A2 and A4 brown, A3 dark brown and remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.1× as wide as high, 1.3× as high as long. Setation on head: sparse. IOS: 0.6× head width, 1.3× eye length. POL&gt; LOL = OOL: 6.7:4.3:4.3. OOL: 1.8× MOD. Compound eye: large (L:W = 16.6:14.9). Sculpture on vertex: with sparse setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak reticulations. Sculpture of frons: with sparse setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak reticulations, except for weak transverse striae medially and oblique reticulations ventrally. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: sparse setose protuberances with weak striae in between. Facial and malar striae: weak. Interantennal process: smooth, gradually narrowing apically, beak-like.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 25.2:30.3. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with sparse setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak reticulations. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 11.2:20.4. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly reticulate interspersed with sparse setose protuberances. Setation of mesoscutellum: sparse. Sculpture of metascutellum: anteriorly foveate, remainder longitudinal carinate with weak foveae between carinae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine extending over horn on T1. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with sparse depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances followed by weak transverse striations, posteriorly with weak transverse carinae, remainder smooth. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: indicated by weak wide foveae. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: dorsally smooth, ventrally obliquely carinate. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally and ventrally with shallow depressions. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 98.2:27.7. L:W of hind wing: 88.9:14.2. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 84.5:32.6. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: indicated as a short protuberance. Length of T2: 0.7× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: basal foveae present followed by longitudinal costae, with foveae between costae. Sculpture of T3: longitudinally striate, with punctae between striae. Sculpture of T4: reticulate. Sculpture of T5–T6: predominantly smooth.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female. Shape of antennomeres: elongate.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4436), INDIA: Karnataka: Tumkur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.034/lat 12.825)">Huliyur Durga</a>, 12.825° N 77.034°E, 719 m, SN, 19 August 2011.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4437), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, Nandi Hills, 13.617° N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 08 September 2010; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4438), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Tumkur</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Ranganathaswamy Betta</a>, 13.033°N 76.971°E, 901 m, YPT, 20 September 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4439), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 14 November 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4440), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 24 August 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4441), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Attur</a>, 13.096°N 77.566°E, 936 m, PFT, 07 October 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4442), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bannerghatta National Park</a>, 12.800°N 77.576°E, 931 m, YPT, 13 August 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4443), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 25 June 2016; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4446), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 09 September 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4447), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 1 August 2015.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific epithet ‘gotamiae’ is in honour of Gotami, Gautama Buddha’s foster mother and the first woman to be ordained a nun or bhikkhuni in the Buddhist monastic order. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This species is diagnosed by the presence of a triangular metascutellum which extends over the horn on T1.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFCDDF055B93FF2CFE49174E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFC8DF065B84FCCBFEE91502.text	03F787CEFFC8DF065B84FCCBFEE91502.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra juturna Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra juturna Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BEEF7E96-FD93-427A-A998-0046585576A3</p> <p>(Figures 10 (a–f), 23(f))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.44–1.64 mm (n = 5).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Dorsal frons brown to black, lower frons yellow-brown, vertex brown; ocelli with black inner margins; anterior mesoscutum brown-black, remainder of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum brown; metascutellar spine and propodeum yellow-brown with red-brown markings on lateral and posterior margins; T1, T2, anterior T3 yellow brown, remaining tergites brown to black; radicle yellow, A1–A6 yellow-brown, remaining antennomeres yellow with uneven black patches; all legs yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.2× as wide as high, 1.3× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.7× head width, 1.3× eye length. POL&gt; OOL&gt; LOL: 7.1:6.6:4.5. OOL: 2.4× MOD. Compound eye: large (L: W = 17.3:11.7). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture, except for semicircular or arching striations on either side of imaginary central keel. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: weakly sculptured with longitudinal rows of setae, elongate and gradually narrowing apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 26.5:30.6. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: foveate laterally. L:W of mesoscutellum: 12.5:20.1. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: intricately sculptured with anterior foveae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances, medially smooth, remainder with intricate sculpture. Pronotal cervical sulcus: weakly foveate. Netrion sulcus: weakly foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth and ventrally smooth with sparse setose protuberances anteroventrally. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: foveate. L:W of fore wing: 101.9:31.3. L:W of hind wing: 93.0:16.0. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 78.7:30.9. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: indicated as a smooth projection. Length of T2: 0.8× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: basal foveae present, followed by longitudinal costae. Sculpture of T3: medially smooth, remainder weakly longitudinally striate. Sculpture of T4–T6: weakly reticulate to smooth.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Not known.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4448), INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Dindugul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.642&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.309" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.642/lat 10.309)">Thandikudi</a>, RCRS, 10.309°N 77.642°E, 1305 m, YPT, 26 June 2015.</p> <p>Paratypes. 2 females (ICAR / NBAIR /P4449–P4450), Tamil Nadu: Lower Pulney Hills, Thadiyankudisai, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (weeds), 28 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR /P4451), Tamil Nadu: Lower Pulney Hills, Thadiyankudisai, HRS, 10.299°N 77.711°E, 990 m, YPT (in plots of Laurus nobilis: Lauraceae), 28 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR /P4452), Rajasthan: Udaipur: Badgaon, 24.636°N 73.680°E, 178 m, YPT (guava (Psidium guajava: Myrtaceae) plot), 24 November 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The specific epithet ‘juturna’ refers to the Roman goddess of fountains, alluding to the multiple streams of water issuing in parallel arcs from the nozzle of a fountain akin to the pattern of the carinae on the frons of this species. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This species has characteristic semicircular prominent carinae adjacent to the imaginary central keel.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFC8DF065B84FCCBFEE91502	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFCBDF085B9FFE38FE9A1134.text	03F787CEFFCBDF085B9FFE38FE9A1134.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra kambani Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra kambani Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84406B92-FE73-44D5-9FCB-21588B78CE8B</p> <p>(Figures 11 (a–f), 23(g))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.58–1.66 mm (n = 3).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesosoma yellow-brown, with a weak black patch on posterolateral mesoscutum; T1, T4–T6 brown, T2–T3 yellow-brown; inner margins of ocelli without black patches; radicle, A1–A6 yellow-brown, remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs brown-yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 1.2× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, 1.4× eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 14.0:8.4:4.2. OOL: 2.5× MOD. Compound eye: large (L: W = 16.4:11.5). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances, except for weak striae radiating from imaginary central keel. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances interspersed with longitudinal carinae. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: triangular.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 18.9:23.8. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate, indicated by a furrow. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 8.1:17.3. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: weakly foveate. Armature of metascutellum: rectangular lamina, with lateral margins weakly projecting posteriorly. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with setose protuberances. Posterior propodeal projection: blunt, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with sparse setose protuberances, medially smooth, posteriorly transversely carinate. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: weakly foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: dorsally sculptured, ventrally smooth, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: predominantly smooth, with sparse oblique carinae. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setigerous protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth, ventrally with sparse setigerous protuberances and a smooth area posteriorly. Metapleural sulcus: weakly foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: weakly foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. Wings: brachypterous. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 76.3:35.7. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: indicated as anterior protuberance. Length of horn on T1: 0.5× length of T1. Sculpture of horn on T1: costate with a smooth patch apically. Length of T2: 0.8× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: weak basal foveae indicated, followed by longitudinal striae. Sculpture of T3: weakly reticulate. Sculpture of T4–T6: weakly reticulate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Not known.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR/NBAIR/P4485), INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Periyakulam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.548/lat 10.118)">Horticulture College and Research Institute</a> (HCRI), 10.118°N 77.548°E, 53 m, YPT (mango (Mangifera indica: Anacardiaceae) orchard), 16 August 2013.</p> <p>Paratypes. 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4486), Tamil Nadu: Kanyakumari, Manalodai, 11.251° N 78.696°E, 618 m, YPT (Black gram (Vigna mungo: Fabaceae)), 13 May 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4487), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.548/lat 10.118)">Kamatchipuram</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.548&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.548/lat 10.118)">Periyakulam</a>, 10.118°N 77.548°E, 288 m, YPT, 17 August 2013.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species is named after Kamban, the twelfth-century CE Indian poet who is thought to have composed the Tamil Ramayana in two weeks. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This species resembles C. pillaiyar sp. nov. and C. pachmarhica but differs from them in having brachypterous wings and absence of marginal cilia on posterior margin of fore wing proximally.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFCBDF085B9FFE38FE9A1134	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFC5DF0E5B80FA14FEBE121F.text	03F787CEFFC5DF0E5B80FA14FEBE121F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra pachmarhica (Sharma 1978)	<div><p>Chakra pachmarhica (Sharma, 1978)</p> <p>Figures 12 (a–i), 13(a–d), 14 (a–f), 15(a–c), 23(h))</p> <p>Chakra pachmarhica (Sharma, 1978), Talamas et al. 2017: 194 (Generic transfer).</p> <p>Probaryconus pachmarhicus Sharma, 1978: 24 (original description)</p> <p>Paridris dubeyi Sharma, 1982: 336 (original description); Johnson 1992: 459 (catalogued);</p> <p>Rajmohana 2007: 57 (keyed); Talamas et al. 2017: 194 (synonymised).</p> <p>Paridris pachmarhicus (Sharma): Mani and Sharma, 1982: 178 (description); Johnson, 1992: 460</p> <p>(catalogued); Rajmohana, 2007: 57 (keyed).</p> <p>Paridris pachmarhica (Sharma): Talamas et al. 2012: 32 (gender emended).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Female body length = 1.66–1.98 mm (n = 10) (present material).</p> <p>Female body length = 2 mm; male body length = 1.95–2.32 mm (Sharma 1982).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Highly variable, ranging from dark brown to orange-brown; radicle, A1–A2 yellow-brown, remaining antennomeres dark brown; all legs yellow-brown with black apical tarsomeres. Head</p> <p>As wide as high, 1.4× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, subequal to eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 9.7:4.9:2.6. OOL: 0.6× MOD. Compound eye: large (L:W = 23.1:15.9). Sculpture of vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture, posteriorly transversely carinate. Sculpture of frons: dorsal frons with sparse setose protuberances, area between protuberances smooth to coriaceous reticulate; medial frons smooth; lower frons with short transverse carinae on either side of central keel interspersed with setose protuberances and longitudinal carinae laterad. Central keel: present, 0.2× head height. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances interspersed with longitudinal carinae. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: smooth, gradually narrowing apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 23.7:40.3. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: laterally foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 12.4:30.5. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with rugose sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: basally foveate, remainder smooth to foveate. Armature of metascutellum: medially notched rectangular lamina. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with large depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: not pointed. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances, medially smooth, posteriorly obliquely carinate interspersed with setigerous punctae, ventrally transversely carinate. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: entirely foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: weakly foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: dorsally foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: entirely smooth. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances and dense setae ventrally. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally and ventrally smooth. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 105.5:39.1. L:W of hind wing: 94.1:22.3. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: present.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 89.6:43.4. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate with uneven foveae between costae. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: present. Length of T2: 0.7× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: basal foveae present followed by longitudinal costae with uneven foveae between costae. Sculpture of T3: medially punctate, remainder longitudinally costate with punctae between costae. Sculpture of T4–T6: weakly reticulate to longitudinally striate interspersed with setigerous punctae.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Head and mesosoma red-brown; T1 brown-black, T2 medially yellow-brown and laterally brown-black; T3 yellow brown; T4 anteriorly yellow brown, remainder brown-black; remaining tergites black. Shape of antennomeres: elongate.</p> <p>Additional material examined</p> <p>1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4375), INDIA: Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, Nandi Hills, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, YPT, 14 August 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4376), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, YPT, 14 August 2014; 3 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4377 – P4379), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 22 December 2009; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4380), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 28 July 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4381), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 4 August 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4382), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 18 September 2010; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4383), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.073" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.58/lat 13.073)">Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra</a> (GKVK), 13.073°N 77.580°E, 938 m, YPT, 20 July 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4384), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, YPT, 31 July 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4385), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hebbal</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources</a> (NBAIR), 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 02 May 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4386), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 30 May 2015; 2 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4387 – P4388), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 8 June 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4389), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 9 September 2014; 1 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4390), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 14 November 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4391), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 16 September 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4392), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 12 August 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4393), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 1 August 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4394), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 24 August 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4395), Karnataka: Bengaluru, CIFA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.49&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.49/lat 13.133)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 29 August 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4396), Karnataka: Chikkaballapur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.692/lat 13.617)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, YPT, 30 July 2013; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4397), Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.612/lat 12.945)">Adugodi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.612/lat 12.945)">National Dairy Research Institute</a> (NDRI), 12.945°N 77.612°E, 887 m, SN, 23 June 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4398), Karnataka: Bengaluru, GKVK, 13.073°N 77.580°E, 938 m, PFT, 21 October 2011; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4399), Tamil Nadu: Kodaikanal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.513/lat 10.233)">Shenbaganur</a>, 10.233°N 77.513°E, 1865 m, SN, 2 April 2014; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4400), Tamil Nadu: Hosur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.924/lat 12.624)">Uddanapalli</a>, 12.624°N 77.924°E, 758 m, YPT, 29 November 2014.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra pachmarhica resembles C. pillaiyar sp. nov. but differs from it in having a short metascutellum, at most 2× as long wide as long, a wide metasoma and with striae on either side of central keel; whereas C. pillaiyar sp. nov. has a wider metascutellum, at least 8× as wide as long, a narrow metasoma and transverse striae above central keel.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFC5DF0E5B80FA14FEBE121F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFFCDF325BA8FF2CFE091521.text	03F787CEFFFCDF325BA8FF2CFE091521.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra parviocula Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra parviocula Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CE7058A0-2375-4D8E-9580-CE409AEF57AB</p> <p>(Figures 16 (a–e), 17(a–b), 23(i))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.13 mm (n = 1); male body length = 1.15 mm (n = 1).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesosoma yellow-orange; T1 red-brown; T2 and T3 yellow brown with redbrown transverse band anteriorly; remaining tergites brown-black; lateral and posterior margins of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metascutellar spine, and lateral propodeal area red-brown; inner margins of ocelli with black markings; radicle yellow-brown, A1 yellowbrown except basal brown band, A2 grey-brown, A3–A6 brown-black, remaining antennomeres darker than the preceding ones; all legs yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.1× as wide as high, 1.4× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.7× head width, 2.4× eye length. POL&gt; OOL&gt; LOL: 9.7:8.1:5.5. OOL: 4.3× MOD. Compound eye: small (L: W = 11.1:7.5). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances except for sparse radiating striae on anterior margin of interantennal process. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with sparse setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: weak. Interantennal process: smooth, narrows abruptly apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 17.6:27.4. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances smooth. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: weakly foveate laterally. L:W of mesoscutellum: 8.4:18.5. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth to weakly foveate. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with sparse depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: predominantly smooth with transverse carinae ventrally. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: weakly foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: weakly transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: weakly foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: dorsally smooth, ventrally with sparse oblique carinae. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth, ventrally weakly foveate with a smooth area posterodorsally. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. Wings: brachypterous.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 53.8:37.6. Sculpture of T1: unevenly foveate interspersed with short furrows posteriorly. Length of T1: 0.5× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.4× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: anteriorly smooth, followed by basal foveae and dense longitudinal costae. Sculpture of T3: smooth with setigerous punctae, setae elongate. Sculpture of T4–T6: smooth with setigerous punctae.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female. Head and mesonotum brown-black; T1 distinctly foveate; shape of antennomeres: short and rectangular.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4444), INDIA: Odisha: Bhubaneswar, Odisha <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.813/lat 20.264)">University of Agriculture</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.813/lat 20.264)">Technology</a> (OUAT), 20.264°N 85.813°E, 45 m, YPT, 31 January 2016.</p> <p>Paratype. 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4445) Odisha: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.813/lat 20.264)">Bhubaneswar</a>, OUAT, 20.264°N 85.813°E, 45 m, YPT, 31 January 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet ‘parviocula’, meaning ‘small eyed’ in Latin, refers to the size of the eyes in this species. The name is treated as an adjective.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>This is the only species of the genus that has small eyes, brachypterous wings and T3 with dense setigerous punctae.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFFCDF325BA8FF2CFE091521	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFFFDF355B9BFE1FFD82129A.text	03F787CEFFFFDF355B9BFE1FFD82129A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra pillaiyar Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra pillaiyar Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6318EB9A-195E-4B0D-88D1-BF7DCF059BB2</p> <p>(Figures 18 (a–f), 19(a–b), 23(j))</p> <p>Female body length = 2.43–2.69 mm (n = 6); male body length = 2.28–2.39 mm (n = 3).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesosoma golden brown; horn on T1, T4–T6 black, T1–T2, T3 brown; ocelli with black patches on inner margin; radicle yellow; A1 basally brown, remainder yellow; A2–A7 brown; remaining antennomeres black-brown; all legs yellow-brown, with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 0.9× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, subequal to eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 14.1:9.7:2.2. OOL: 0.7× MOD. Compound eye: large (L:W = 22.2:15.7). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Sculpture of frons: smooth, with setose protuberances dorsally, with transverse carinae medially and on either side of central keel. Central keel: present, 0.2× head height. Sculpture of gena: longitudinally carinate, interspersed with sparse setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: smooth, truncate apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 32.3:40.7. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: weakly foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: laterally foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 12.3:30.0. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: rugose. Armature of metascutellum: rectangular lamina with a wide medial notch and lateral margins projecting posteriorly. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: rugose, with large depressions posteriorly. Posterior propodeal projection: not pointed, directed inwards. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: anteriorly rugose, dorsally with sparse setose protuberances, medially smooth, posteriorly with sparse oblique carinae and ventrally with weak transverse carinae. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: weakly foveate. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally and ventrally smooth, with setose protuberances anteroventrally. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: foveate. L:W of fore wing: 138.8:38.8. L:W of hind wing: 124.4:22.7. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: present.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 160.5:42.1. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate, with weak punctae between costae. Length of T1: 0.5× the length of T2. Horn on T1: present. Length of horn on T1: 0.6× length of T1. Sculpture of horn on T1: costate-punctate, with a smooth patch apically. Length of T2: 0.7× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, with punctae between costae, and a smooth patch posteriorly. Sculpture of T3: medially punctate, remainder longitudinally costate, with punctae between costae. Sculpture of T4–T6: medially weakly reticulate, remainder longitudinally costate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Similar to female. Shape of antennomeres: oblong.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4489), INDIA: Karnataka: Bengaluru, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.543/lat 13.094)">Jarakabande Kaval</a>, 13.094°N 77.543°E, 921 m, MT, 7 October 2014.</p> <p>Paratypes. 2 females (ICAR / NBAIR / P4490, P4492), Karnataka: Mandya, 12.564°N 76.733°E, 749 m, YPT in ragi (Eleusine coracana: Poaceae) field, 27 July 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4491), Tamil Nadu: Dindugul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Thandikudi</a>, RCRS, 10.309°N 77.642°E, 1305 m, YPT (banana (Musa sp.: Musaceae) plot), 26 November 2016; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4493), Tamil Nadu: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Madurai</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Agriculture College</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Research Institute</a>, 9.968°N 78.203°E, 145 m, YPT, 17 November 2015; 1 female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4494), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Chikkaballapur</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 10 November 2019; 2 males (ICAR / NBAIR / P4495 – P4496), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Chikkaballapur</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13.617°N 77.692°E, 1448 m, SN, 4 August 2011; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4497), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Bengaluru</a>, CIFA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hessaraghatta</a>, 13.133°N 77.490°E, 859 m, YPT, 7 July 2014; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4498), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Chikkaballapur</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Nandi Hills</a>, 13°37′02″N 77°41′34″E, 1448 m, YPT, 4 October 2012; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4499), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hebbal</a>, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, PFT, 21 August 2011.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named ‘Pillaiyar’, one of several names of the elephant-headed Hindu deity Ganesha. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra pillaiyar sp. nov. resembles C. pachmarhica. The distinguishing characters are given above under the latter species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFFFDF355B9BFE1FFD82129A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFFADF395BBDFCECFDAC1238.text	03F787CEFFFADF395BBDFCECFDAC1238.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra sanghamittae Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra sanghamittae Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 41523267-6968-4530-94C7-A8AAAFAB36B3</p> <p>(Figures 20 (a–f), 23(k))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.85 mm (n = 1).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head brown-black, frons paler than vertex; mesoscutum brown with uneven dark brown patches medially; mesoscutellum and metascutellar spine black-brown; T1 anteriorly, T2– T3 laterally black-brown, remainder brown; remaining tergites black; radicle, A1 brown, A2 black-brown, A3–A7 yellow-brown, remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs brownyellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 1.4× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.6× head width, 1.1× eye length. POL&gt; LOL&gt; OOL: 9.1:5.8:4.4. OOL: 1.6× MOD. Compound eye: large (L: W = 20.5:16.0). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: with setose protuberances, except for transverse striae medially and on either side of central keel. Central keel: present, 0.3× head height. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances interspersed with longitudinal carinae. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: triangular, narrow apically, beak-like.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 25.7:33.2. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: narrow, laterally foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 13.7:22.3. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: basally foveate, remainder smooth with longitudinal carinae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances, medially smooth, posteriorly transversely carinate. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: with depressions. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: foveate dorsally. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: obliquely carinate. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally obliquely carinate, ventrally with setose protuberances. Metapleural sulcus: weakly foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: weakly foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 101.8:33.5. L:W of hind wing: 95.0:18.7. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 85.9:38.5. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate. Length of T1: 0.7× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.6× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: basal foveae present, followed by longitudinal costae and smooth patch posteromedially. Sculpture of T3: longitudinally costate medially and coriaceous reticulate laterally. Sculpture of T4–T6: weakly coriaceous reticulate.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Not known.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4531), Tamil Nadu: Yelagiri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.578" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.662/lat 12.578)">Thayalur</a>, 12.578°N 78.662°E, 1111 m, YPT, 15 June 2016.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named after ‘Sanghamitta’, the Indian Emperor Asoka’s eldest daughter, who started the order of Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra sanghamittae sp. nov. resembles C. bournei sp. nov. The distinguishing characters are given above under the latter species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFFADF395BBDFCECFDAC1238	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFF5DF3A5B9FFF2CFC5B17A8.text	03F787CEFFF5DF3A5B9FFF2CFC5B17A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra valluvari Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra valluvari Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B8563040-2E5A-4EC1-A4DB-24FE635BEDEA</p> <p>(Figures 21 (a–f), 23(m))</p> <p>Female body length = 1.33 mm (n = 1).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesosoma yellow-brown, posterior margin of mesoscutellum, metascutellar spine and lateral propodeal area red-brown; T1–T2 yellow brown, remaining tergites brown; anterior margin of T1 red-brown; T2 with a wide red-brown transverse band on anterior margin; inner margins of ocelli black; radicle, A1–A2 yellow-brown, A3–A6 brown, remaining antennomeres brown-black; all legs brown-yellow with black apical tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.3× as wide as high, 1.6× as high as long. Setation on head: sparse. IOS: 0.8× head width, 2.3× eye length. POL = OOL&gt; LOL: 8.5:8.5:4.7. OOL: 2.9× MOD. Compound eye: small (L: W = 11.3:7.0). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with weak rugose sculpture. Sculpture of frons: dorsally with setose protuberances except for weak longitudinal striae above interantennal process. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances. Facial and malar striae: weak. Interantennal process: wide, narrowing in apical 1/3, beak-like.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 19.6:28.8. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, with reticulations between protuberances posteromedially. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: weakly foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: wide, entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 10.3:19.9. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances with reticulations between protuberances. Setation of mesoscutellum: sparse. Sculpture of metascutellum: smooth. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: weakly foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with sparse setose protuberances, remainder smooth except for transverse carinae ventrally. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: foveate ventrally. Speculum of mesopleuron: transversely carinate, carinae spaced apart. Episternal sulcus: weakly foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesepimeral area: weakly reticulate, wider than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: absent. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Mesopleural pit: not distinct. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances interspersed with sparse transverse carinae. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally smooth, ventrally setigerous punctate except for a smooth patch posterodorsally. Metapleural sulcus: weakly foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: weakly foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: not foveate. L:W of fore wing: 79.8:29.2. L:W of hind wing: 72.6:11.4. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 59.4:36.3. Sculpture of T1: longitudinally costate, with two oblique carinae sublaterally on anterior margin. Length of T1: 0.8× the length of T2. Horn on T1: absent. Length of T2: 0.4× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: small basal foveae present, followed by longitudinal costae. Sculpture of T3: weakly longitudinally striate. Sculpture of T4: weakly reticulate. Sculpture of T5–T6: smooth.</p> <p>Male</p> <p>Not known.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Female (ICAR / NBAIR / P4488), INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Hosur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.924&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.924/lat 12.624)">Uddanapalli</a>, 12.624°N 77.924°E, 758 m, YPT, 30 January 2015.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The species epithet ‘valluvar’ is in honour of Tiruvalluvar, the accomplished Tamil poetsaint of South India who composed the Tirukkural, a secular work on ethics consisting of well over a thousand couplets. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra valluvari sp. nov. resembles C. sarvatra but differs from it in the following combination of character states. In C. valluvari, T3 is longitudinally striate, and the setose protuberances on dorsal frons, mesoscutum and metascutellum are spaced apart; whereas in C. sarvatra T3 is smooth with sparse short carinae anteriorly, and the setose protuberances, mesoscutum and metascutellum are closely spaced.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFF5DF3A5B9FFF2CFC5B17A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFF7DF3E5B9BFB91FB8014B7.text	03F787CEFFF7DF3E5B9BFB91FB8014B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra zvelebili Veenakumari & Sreedevi & Mohanraj 2022	<div><p>Chakra zvelebili Veenakumari sp. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AB5FACAA-ECF9-452A-82D2-F2E944C2D7CC</p> <p>(Figures 22 (a–f), 23(n))</p> <p>Male body length = 1.38–1.51 mm (n = 6).</p> <p>Colour</p> <p>Head and mesonotum black; T1 red-brown with a dark brown transverse band anteriorly, T2 anteriorly and laterally brown, remainder of T2 and other tergites brown-black; all antennomeres brown; legs brown-black except for yellow-brown tarsomeres.</p> <p>Head</p> <p>1.2× as wide as high, 1.5× as high as long. Setation on head: dense. IOS: 0.7× head width, 2× eye length. POL&gt; OOL&gt; LOL: 9.6:8.8:4.4. OOL: 3.1× MOD. Compound eye: small (L: W = 14.0:8.5). Sculpture on vertex: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Sculpture of frons: entirely with setose protuberances, except for longitudinal striae. Central keel: absent. Sculpture of gena: with setose protuberances, with smooth area between protuberances. Facial and malar striae: prominent. Interantennal process: elongate with setigerous foveae, narrowing apically.</p> <p>Mesosoma</p> <p>L:W of mesoscutum: 21.8:33.1. Setation of mesoscutum: dense. Sculpture of mesoscutum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: not foveate. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: not foveate. Scutoscutellar sulcus: entirely foveate. L:W of mesoscutellum: 11.8:21.1. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with setose protuberances, furrows between protuberances with reticulations. Setation of mesoscutellum: dense. Sculpture of metascutellum: with uneven depressions and foveae. Armature of metascutellum: triangular spine. Sculpture of metanotal trough: foveate. Sculpture of lateral propodeal area: with depressions. Posterior propodeal projection: pointed, directed posteriorly. Sculpture of lateral pronotal area: dorsally with setose protuberances followed by oblique carinae, medially smooth, ventrally with intricate sculpture. Pronotal cervical sulcus: not foveate. Netrion sulcus: foveate. Speculum of mesopleuron: with two transverse carinae. Episternal sulcus: foveate. Postacetabular sulcus: not foveate. Prespecular sulcus: foveate. Mesepimeral sulcus: with irregular foveae. Mesepimeral area: smooth, narrower than mesepimeral sulcus. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Mesopleural pit: present. Sculpture of ventral mesopleuron: with setose protuberances. Sculpture of metapleuron: dorsally foveate with a medial smooth patch and ventrally unevenly foveate. Metapleural sulcus: foveate. Paracoxal sulcus: foveate. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: foveate. L:W of fore wing: 96.9:38.1. L:W of hind wing: 76.9:13.9. Marginal cilia on posterior margin of proximal fore wing: absent.</p> <p>Metasoma</p> <p>L:W of metasoma: 54.6:37.3. Sculpture of T1: with large basal foveae followed by longitudinal costae. Length of T1: 0.6× the length of T2. Length of T2: 0.6× the length of T3. Sculpture of T2: small basal foveae present, followed by longitudinal costae and smooth patch posteromedially. Sculpture of T3: entirely smooth with sparse setigerous punctae. Sculpture of T4–T6: smooth.</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Not known.</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Holotype. Male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4532), INDIA: Himachal Pradesh: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.97&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.538" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.97/lat 32.538)">Dalhousie</a>, 32.538°N 75.970°E, 2021 m, YPT, 23 September 2014.</p> <p>Paratypes. 2 males (ICAR / NBAIR / P4533 – P4534), Karnataka: Bengaluru, Hebbal, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 27 July 2012; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4535), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 25 July 2015; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4536), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT, 23 July 2015; 1 male (ICAR / NBAIR / P4537), Karnataka: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.584/lat 13.027)">Hebbal</a>, NBAIR, 13.027°N 77.584°E, 927 m, YPT (on terrace of two storied building) 12 August 2015</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>This species is named ‘ zvelebili ’, after Kamil V. Zvelebil (1927–2009), the outstanding Czech scholar of Tamil and Dravidian linguistics and literature. The name is treated as a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Chakra zvelebili sp. nov. resembles C. sarvatra but differs from it in having dense longitudinal striae above and smooth area adjacent to interantennal process and with reticulations between the setose protuberances on vertex and mesonotum; whereas in C. sarvatra longitudinal striae are present on dorsal and lateral sides of interantennal process and area between the setose protuberances on vertex and mesonotum is smooth.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFF7DF3E5B9BFB91FB8014B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
03F787CEFFF3DF205A96FEC1FB421766.text	03F787CEFFF3DF205A96FEC1FB421766.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari 2014	<div><p>Key to females of Chakra of India</p> <p>1. Eyes small (Figures 1 (c), (16c) and 21(c), IOS at least 2× eye length (Figures 1 (b), 16(b) and 21(b)); OOL&gt;3× MOD (Figures 1 (d), 16(d), 21(d), 23(a, i, m))................................... 2</p> <p>- Eyes large (Figures 3 (c), 4(d), 6(c), 8(c), 10(c), 11(b), 12(c), 18(d) and 20(c)), IOS at most 1.4× eye length (Figures 3 (b), 4(b), 6(b), 8(b), 10(b), 11(b), 12(f), 18(b) and 20(b)); OOL &lt;2.5× MOD (Figures 23 (b–h) and (23j–k)).................................................................................. 5</p> <p>2. Brachypterous; T3 smooth with dense setigerous punctae; T1 unevenly foveate interspersed with short furrows posteriorly; costae on T2 closely spaced (Figure (16a))................................................................................................. Chakra parviocula sp.. nov.</p> <p>- Wings fully formed (Figures 1 (e) and 21(e)); T3 either partially or entirely longitudinally striate; T1 longitudinally costate; costae on T2 spaced apart (Figures 1 (a) and 21(a)).......................................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. OOL longer than POL; OOL at least 4.4× MOD (Figure 23 (a)); interantennal process triangular with a wide base (Figure 1 (b))................. Chakra agathachristieae sp. nov.</p> <p>- POL and OOL subequal in length; OOL at most 3.2× MOD (Figure 23 (m)); interantennal process rectangular and elongate, gradually narrowing towards distal half (Figure 21 (b)).......................................................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>4. T3 weakly longitudinally striate (Figure 21 (a)); setose protuberances on dorsal frons, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum spaced apart (Figure 21 (a)); T1 with two short oblique carinae sublaterally on anterior margin (Figures 21 (a, d)); posterior margin of mesoscutellum weakly protruding posteriorly (Figures 21 (a, d)); mesepimeral area wider than netrion sulcus (Figure 21 (c)); posterior margin of fore wing straight (Figure 21 (e))....................................................................................... Chakra valluvari sp. nov.</p> <p>- T3 smooth with sparse short carinae sublaterally on anterior margin; setose protuberances on dorsal frons, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum closely spaced; T1 without short oblique carinae sublaterally on anterior margin; posterior margin of mesoscutellum evenly convex; mesepimeral area and netrion sulcus subequal in width; posterior margin of fore wing angular................................................................................................................................................................... Chakra sarvatra Rajmohana and Veenakumari</p> <p>5. Metascutellum rectangular with a medial notch (Figures 11 (a, d), 18(a, d), 12(a) and 14 (a, d)).......................................................................................................................................................... 6</p> <p>- Metascutellum triangular (Figures 3 (a, d), 4(a, d), 6(a, d), 8(a, d), 10(a, d) and 20(a, d))...................................................................................................................................................................... 8</p> <p>6. Brachypterous with no marginal cilia on posterior margin of fore wing proximally (Figure 11 (e)); OOL at least 2.4× MOD (Figure 23 (g)); IOS&gt;1.3× eye length (Figure 11 (b)); lateral pronotal area with transverse carinae posteroventrally; pronotal cervical sulcus not foveate (Figure 11 (c)); interantennal process triangular (Figure 11 (b))............................................................................................................................. Chakra kambani sp. nov.</p> <p>- Wings fully formed, with marginal cilia on posterior margin of fore wing proximally (Figures 12 (h, i), 14(e) and 18(e)); OOL at most 0.7× MOD (Figures 23 (j, h)); IOS subequal to eye length (Figures 14 (b), 18(b)); lateral pronotal area posteriorly with sparse oblique carinae; pronotal cervical sulcus foveate (Figures 12 (c), 14(c) and 18(c)); interantennal process elongate and rectangular (Figures 12 (b) and 18(b)).... 7</p> <p>7. Metascutellum 8× as wide as long (Figure 18 (a)); metasoma elongate,&gt;3.5× as long as wide (Figure 18 (a)); fore wing narrow,&gt;3.5× as long as wide (Figure 18 (e)); foveae of paracoxal sulcus round (Figure 18 (c)); metascutellum rugose (Figure 18 (a)); frons with transverse striae above central keel (Figure 18 (b))............... Chakra pillaiyar sp. nov.</p> <p>- Metascutellum 2× as wide as long (Figures 12 (a) and 14(a, d)); metasoma wide, at most 2× as long as wide (Figures 12 (a) and 14(a)); fore wing wide, at most 3× as long as wide (Figures 12 (h), 14(e)); foveae of paracoxal sulcus oblong (Figures 12 (c) and 14(c)); metascutellum weakly foveate (Figures 12 (a) and 14(a)); frons with transverse striae on either side of central keel (Figures 12 (f) and 14(b).......................................................................................................................................................... Chakra pachmarhica (Sharma)</p> <p>8. OOL at least 1.4× LOL (Figure 10 (d)); lower frons with continuous, unbroken semicircular carinae (Figure 10 (b)); horn on T1 smooth (Figure 10 (a)); four rows of robust bristles present on medial frons, continuing on to interantennal process (Figure 10 (b)); femoral depression smooth (Figure 10 (c))......................... Chakra juturna sp. nov.</p> <p>- LOL either subequal or longer than OOL (Figures 23 (b–e, k)); lower frons at most with short interrupted carinae (Figures 3 (b), 4(b), 6(b), 8(b) and 20(b)); horn on T1 absent, if present longitudinally costate (Figures 3 (a), 4(a), 6(a), 8(a) and 20(a)); at most two rows of thin setae present on medial frons and interantennal process (Figures 3 (b), 4(b), 6(b), 8(b) and 20(b)); femoral depression obliquely carinate (Figures 3 (c), 4(c), 6(c), 8(c) and 20(c))............................................................................................................................... 9</p> <p>9. OOL subequal to LOL (Figure 23 (e)); fore wing at least 3.5× as long as wide (Figure 8 (c)); T1 with a short horn (Figure 8 (a)); setose protuberances on head and mesonotum sparse (Figures 8 (d) and 23(e)); metascutellar spine elongate and extending over the horn on T1 (Figures 8 (a, d))......................................................... Chakra gotamiae sp. nov.</p> <p>- OOL shorter than LOL (Figures 23 (b–d, k)); fore wing at most 3× as long as wide (Figures 3 (e), 4(e), 6(e) and 20(e)); T1 without horn (Figures 3 (a), 4(a), 6(a) and 20(a)); setose protuberances on head and mesonotum dense (Figures 3 (b), 4(b), 6(b), 20(b) and 23(b–d, k)); metascutellar spine short, not reaching T1 (Figures 3 (a), 4(a), 6(a) and 20(a))........................................................................................................................................................ 10</p> <p>10. Posterior propodeal projections directed posteriorly and extending beyond anterior margin of T1 (Figures 4 (d) and 20(d)); metascutellar spine at least 1.9× as wide as long (Figures 4 (d) and 20(d)); metasoma&gt; 2 × as long as wide (Figures 4 (a) and 20(a)); A2 and A3 subequal in length (Figures 4 (f) and 20(f))............................................................... 11</p> <p>- Posterior propodeal projections directed laterally and not reaching anterior margin of T1 (Figures 3 (d) and 6(d)); metascutellar spine at most 1.5× as wide as long (Figures 3 (d) and 6(d)); metasoma &lt;2× as long as wide (Figures 3 (a) and 6(a)); A3 shorter than A2 (Figures 3 (f) and 6(f))....................................................................................... 12</p> <p>11. Femoral depression dorsally smooth and ventrally obliquely carinate (Figure 4 (c)); mesepimeral sulcus not foveate (Figure 4 (c)); central keel on frons absent (Figure 4 (b)); T4 at least 3.4× as wide as long; habitus orange-yellow (Figure 4 (a)).............................................................................................................................................. Chakra bournei sp. nov.</p> <p>- Femoral depression entirely obliquely carinate (Figure 20 (c)); mesepimeral sulcus foveate dorsally (Figure 20 (c)); central keel on frons present (Figure 20 (b)); T4 at most 2.7× as wide as long; habitus dark brown (Figure 20 (a))........................................................................................................................................................ Chakra sanghamittae sp. nov.</p> <p>12. Central keel absent (Figure 6 (b)); lower frons with short transverse and oblique carinae on either side of imaginary central keel (Figure 6 (b)); oblique carinae on ventral femoral depression sparse (Figure 6 (c)); basal foveae of T2 3× as long as wide (Figure 6 (a)).............................................................................. Chakra galathea sp. nov.</p> <p>- Central keel present (Figure 3 (b)); lower frons with weak transverse and oblique reticulations on either side of central keel (Figure 3 (b)); oblique carinae on ventral femoral depression dense (Figure 3 (c)); basal foveae of T2 at most 2× as long as wide (Figure 3 (a))...................................................................................... Chakra alexandra sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787CEFFF3DF205A96FEC1FB421766	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan;Sreedevi, Kolla;Mohanraj, Prashanth	Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Sreedevi, Kolla, Mohanraj, Prashanth (2022): Additions to the genus Chakra Rajmohana and Veenakumari, 2014 (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) from India. Journal of Natural History 56 (41 - 44): 1657-1707, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2022.2123286
