identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9D688E0282AE5D24A0A62FADBDDB1B2F.text	9D688E0282AE5D24A0A62FADBDDB1B2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza alpicola Strobl	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 30.  Phytoliriomyza alpicola Strobl</p>
            <p>Figs 56, 57</p>
            <p> Agromyza alpicola Strobl, 1898: 272. </p>
            <p> Liriomyza alpicola Hendel, 1931: 206. </p>
            <p> Phytoliriomyza alpicola Spencer, 1971: 162. </p>
            <p> Lemurimyza alpicola .Papp, 1984: 306. </p>
            <p> Phytoliriomyza alpicola Sasakawa, 2008: 137;  Černý et al. 2020: 213. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♀, Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 5-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 22-VI-2016; 1♂, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-VII-2021; 1♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 15-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on?-VI-2011; 27♂36♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-V-27-VI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum orientalis : 5♀, Iwadate, Hachimori, Happo, Yamamoto, Akita Pref., 16-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2-18-V-2014; 1♀, Futto, Toei, Kitashidara, Aichi Pref., 9-III-2013 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2013; 1♀, Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 8-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-V-2012; 1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 3-VI-2013; 1♀, Chiisago, Kaminokuni, Hiyama, Hokkaido, 11-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 16-VI-2012. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 3-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-2011; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011; 1♂, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-2021; 1♀, Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 19-VIII-2002 (as larva), emerged on 5-V-2002; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 20-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 2-VI-2011. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized dark species (wing length 1.7-1.8 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum, yellow scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising six or seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male.</p>
            <p>Head: (Fig. 56A-E) Head yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 56C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 56B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow (Fig. 56C). Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 56B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum pruinose, dark gray, sometimes with very narrow terminal yellow band along posterior margin (Fig. 56D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner narrowly grayish. Subscutellum yellow except brown posterior margin. Mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite dark gray (Fig. 56E). Pleuron largely yellow, but notopleuron with narrow brown patch along ventral margin, and venters of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron dark brown (Fig. 56B). Haltere dark gray. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely brown; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 56A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 56D). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 1.8 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 56A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.5-1.6.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 56E). Genitalia: (Fig. 56G-K) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with a long, inward-curved tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six or seven fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part), and with a separate long tubercle-like seta, which is located immediately beyond the dorsal-most tubercle-like seta of the comb and directed to different angle; inner-basal margin with a row of 1-3 small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 56I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically; with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 56I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite dark with a pair of plate-like arms, dorsal lobe spatula-shaped, with one seta subapically (Fig. 56I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 56G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 56H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 56G). Basiphallus with dark broad plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 56G). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 56G, H). Paraphallus membranous, wing-like; paraphalli spread laterally, jointed basally (Fig. 56H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 56H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; covered by a membrane bearing several pairs of minute oval lateral sclerites; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented, widening toward truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 56H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with long stalk; sperm pump clear, with dark globular sclerites (Fig. 56I, J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 56F). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.7 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 57A-C) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 57A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 57C). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 57C). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 57B).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The morphology of the tubercle-like seta on the inner-distal margin of the male epandrium varied among localities from a simple seta to a flattened, basally enlarged acute spine. The relative position of a comb of tubercle-like setae and the separate tubercle-like seta neighboring the comb also varied among localities.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Mihikari-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 57E, F).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula and  Fagus crenata , riparian forests dominated by  Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Fig. 57D), and subalpine coniferous forests dominated by  Abies spp. And  Picea spp. It is sympatric with  P. luna ,  P. brunofasciata , and  P. luteola at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 55).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species was reported from Scotland by Strobl (1898), and later recorded from Austria (Spencer 1972) and Taiwan (Sasakawa 2008). It resembles  P. tsukuyomi in having an almost wholly dark scutum and almost wholly yellow scutellum, but is distinguished by the color of the pedicel of the antenna (brown in  P. alpicola ; yellow in  P. tsukuyomi ) and by the number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium (6 fused in  P. alpicola ; 4 hand-like in  P. tsukuyomi ).  P. alpicola also resembles  P. marchantiae ,  P. lanternaria ,  P. rebouliae , and  P. conocephali in having dark brown scutum and yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the absence of a small medial yellow mark on the posterior margin of the scutum, and by the absence of dark bands at the lateral margins of the yellow scutellum. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D688E0282AE5D24A0A62FADBDDB1B2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
2D18C3132414512BA143FA846ACA70A6.text	2D18C3132414512BA143FA846ACA70A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza aratriformis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 16.  Phytoliriomyza aratriformis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 32</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a311), Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref. (33.8952°N, 134.4608°E, 270 m asl), 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31981. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a463), type locality, 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on?-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31982; 1♀ (MK-AG-427), Nakatsugawa-keikoku, Chichibu, Kyoto Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31983; 1♀ (MK-AG-a17), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31984; 1♂ (MK-AG-a346), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31985.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂, Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 21-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2014.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.3 mm) having a subshiny brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long hypertrophied, ventrally curved arm that apically bears a dark, apically bifid tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 32A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 32C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 32B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 32C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 32B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a small yellow patch along midposterior margin (Fig. 32D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner brown, subscutellum light yellow. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite light yellow. Pleuron yellow with brownish patches on venter of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron (Fig. 32B). Haltere yellow but light yellow basally. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler (Fig. 32A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 32D). Acrostichal setulae seven or eight pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 32A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 32A). Genitalia: (Fig. 32K-O) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-anterior margin with two short tubercle-like setae; inner-lateral surface with a basally enlarged, extremely extended/thickened, ventrally curved arm, bearing a dark bifid tubercle-like seta borne (Fig. 32H). Surstylus narrow, extended, curved inwards, setose apically (Fig. 32H). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite consisting of one pair of flat plate-like, basally fused, dorsal sclerites, and one pair of pale plate-like, separated, ventral lobes (Fig. 32H). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 32F). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, and cleft apically; dorsal lobe pointed apically (Fig. 32J). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 32H). Basiphallus with a pair of broad lateral lobes (Fig. 32F). Hypophallus broad, membranous, and bilaterally asymmetrical; right lateral margin well sclerotized, left lateral margin basally sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 32F, I). Paraphallus 4-winged, with posterior margin lightly sclerotized; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 32H, I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 32H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half with pigmented and weaker medial regions; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, widening toward truncated shortly flared unpigmented apex (Fig. 32I).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 32E, M). Similar to male, but slightly larger, and dorsal abdomen paler (Fig. 32E). Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 32K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 32K). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 32L). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 32L). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 32K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (aratriformis = plow-shaped) refers to the plow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Karasuki-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larva constructs linear mine in the thallus, and pupate in the mine (Fig. 32O).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 32N). This species is rare, sympatric with  P. argentifasciata and  P. falcata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that it is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island (Fig. 31).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. arcus ,  P. plagiochasmatos and  P. falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a pale yellow mark on the scutum, but is distinguished from all of these species by the small, ill-defined yellow mark on the scutum (the mark larger and well-defined in the other species), and by the presence of a stout, curved, plow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D18C3132414512BA143FA846ACA70A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
4C17E11826BD51A0A447FB381DE23DF4.text	4C17E11826BD51A0A447FB381DE23DF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza arcus Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 8.  Phytoliriomyza arcus Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 14, 15</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a411), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref. (35.8504°N, 139.0274°E, 650 m asl), 15-III-2016 (as larva on  P. pterospermum ), emerged on 28-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31934. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a16, a458), same data as holotype, emerged on 4-5-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31935, 31937; 1♀ (MK-AG-191), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva on  P. pterospermum ), emerged on 13-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31936; 1♀ (MK-AG-a316), Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva on  P. pterospermum ), emerged on 16-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31938; 1♀ (MK-AG-189), Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref., 30-IV-2011 (as larva on  P. pterospermum ), emerged on 28-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31939. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Plagiochasma pterospermum : 4♂4♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 27-28-V-2012; 9♂9♀, Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14-21-V-2021; 10♂12♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-25-V-2021; 2♂5♀, Mt. Kano, Kanna, Tano, Gunma Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2015; 2♂1♀, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 20-X-12-XI-2017; 1♂3♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 16-X-2012 (as larva), emerged on 5-V-2012; 9♂11♀, Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref., 12-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-13-VI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Plagiochasma appendiculatum : 5♂4♀, Mt. Myogi, Tomioka, Gunma Pref., 10-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-29-V-2021. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.3-1.6 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with hypertrophied, elongated, strongly curved arm bearing a dark tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of  Plagiochasma pterospermum and  P. appendiculatum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 14A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 14C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, black pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 14C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 14B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum subshiny yellow, with a brown medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of brown presutural patches, and a pair of wide postsutural brown bands adjoining with the presutural patches (Fig. 14D). Mediotergite brown, and anatergite and katatergite yellow. Pleuron largely yellow, anepisternum and anepimeron with small brown patches, venters of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 14B). Haltere gray. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 14A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae six pairs in two rows (Fig. 14D). Wing: Wing length 1.3&amp;nbsp;mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 14A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.7-1.8.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny grayish yellow (Fig. 14E). Genitalia: (Fig. 14G-K) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-lateral margin with an incomplete comb comprising two or three short tubercle-like setae; inner subdistal surface with basally thickened, remarkably elongated, strongly curved arm bearing a dark tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 14G, H, K). Surstylus protruding ventrally, tapering toward apex, setose apically, with one short tubercle-like seta on inner-basal surface (Fig. 14K). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in posterior view, with a pair of ventrally projected plate-like lobes with a spine medially (Fig. 14K). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 14G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, and cleft apically (Fig. 14G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 14I). Basiphallus with a H-shaped dorsal sclerite; anterior arms of which protruding ventrolaterally (Fig. 14G-I). Hypophallus broad, membranous with microtrichia scattered dorsally, medially with a pair of short confronting sclerites (Fig. 14G-I). Paraphalli wing-like, lightly sclerotized posteriorly; diverging, angled anteroventrally, joined basally on to the base of mesophallus. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 14G-I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of lateral dark sclerites and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, composed of a pair of dorsally and laterally pigmented sclerites, widening toward apex, with truncated, flared apex (Fig. 14I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear.</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 14F, 15C). Similar to male, but slightly larger (Fig. 14F). Wing length 1.6 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 15A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 15A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 14B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 14B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 14A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The yellow posterior patch on the scutum varied from distinct to obscure ones among localities and even among individuals in some localities.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (arcus = bow) refers to the bow-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Yumihari-tsubozenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Plagiochasma pterospermum and  P. appendiculatum (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines (Fig. 15D-F).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The habitats of this species are limestone outcrops in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow (Fig. 15D). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu (Fig. 16). Recorded only from limestone areas in Tohoku and Kanto districts.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. plagiochasmatos and  P. falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a light yellow mark on scutum; it is distinguished from them by the dark haltere (yellow in these species) and by the morphology of the tubercle-like seta on subdistal margin of the male epandrium (curved outward in  P. arcus ; simple and short in  P. plagiochasmatos ; elongated and sickle-like in  P. falcata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C17E11826BD51A0A447FB381DE23DF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
D5DF54F58F4C5FE98616EA534725D28D.text	D5DF54F58F4C5FE98616EA534725D28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza argentifasciata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 13.  Phytoliriomyza argentifasciata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 24, 25</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a347), Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref. (35.7102°N, 135.1623°E, 100 m asl), 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2021 NSMT-I-Dip 31959. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a462), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31960; 2♀ (MK-AG-436, 441), Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 24-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VII-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31961, 31961; 1♂ (MK-AG-478), Ryutosen, Higashi-sonogi, Nagasaki Pref., 30-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31963; 1♀ (MK-AG-473), Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 20-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 5-VII-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31964; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-456, 452), Han-yama, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31965, 31966; 1♀ (MK-AG-a204), Tachijami, Kume Is. Okinawa Pref., 20-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 31967.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 5♂3♀, Takasuka, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-15-XII-2021; 1♀, Kuchisakamoto, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 20-IX-1998 (as larva), emerged on 18-23-IX-1998; 1♀, Mt. Gozaisho, Komono, Mie Pref., 1-V-2001 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-2001; 3♂6♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-8-IV-2021; 16♂10♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 24-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VII-2011; 16♂25♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-VII-8-VIII-2021; 1♂1♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-6-V-2021; 6♂8♀, Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-3-V-2014; 1♂1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-29-IV-2021; 3♂4♀, Sui, Anan, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14-17-IV-2021; 1♂2♀, Kurase-keikoku, Tanbara, Saijo, Ehime Pref., 2-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 20-26-IV-2014; 1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 17-IV-2011; 1♂, Kinsakubaru, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 4-VII-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-VII-1999; 5♂11♀, Tachijami, Kume Is. Okinawa Pref., 20-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 15-IV-8-V-2020.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized species (wing length 1.5-1.9 mm) having subshiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral dark stripes; inner stripes with silvery reflection. Adults with yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hand-like comb comprising four or five basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 24A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 24C). Antenna porrect, yellow. Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons with brownish reflective pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial, and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 24C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 24B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny yellow; in some geographic populations, background color grayish yellow (Fig. 24D). Scutum with medial black stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of gray suborbicular presutural spots confluent with the medial stripe, a pair of narrow black supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider gray intra-alar stripes, which adjoin the pair of lateral presutural gray suborbicular spots; the gray spots and stripes look silver in sunlight. Scutellum and subscutellum yellow (Fig. 24D). Mediotergite brown, anatergite yellow, katatergite brown (Fig. 24E). Pleuron largely yellow (the background color sometimes grayish in some localities); propleuron with small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; anepisternum with two small spots on anterior and posterior corners; anepimeron with a narrow brown patch on anterior corner; katepisternum and meron with brown patches on venter (Fig. 24B). Haltere yellow, while dorsal surface grayish yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 24A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 24D). Acrostichal setulae five pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0-2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 24A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.8-1.9.</p>
            <p> Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow (Fig. 24E). Genitalia: (Fig. 24G-K) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-posterior surface with a long apically bifid tubercle-like seta; inner-lateral margin with a long tubercle-like seta, the tip of which is flattened and fan-shaped; inner-anterior surface with a finger-like comb comprising five basally fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 24H). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with a single long, apically bifid, tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 24H). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of flat, pale, ventral lobes, each bearing a seta basally (Fig. 24J). Hypandrium sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 24G). Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 24J). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 24K). Basiphallus with a basally bilobed sclerite; each lobe expanded laterally. Hypophallus broad and membranous with lightly sclerotized margins, medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 24K). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, 1.2  × longer than distiphallus. Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of lateral dark lanceolate sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, shortly flared unpigmented apex (Fig. 24K). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 24I). </p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 24F, 25C). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 2.3&amp;nbsp;mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 25A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 25A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 25B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 25B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 25A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Background color of scutum and scutellum varies from yellow to grayish yellow, and the blackening is obvious in the Yaku Islands.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (argentus = silver, fascia = stripe) refers to silver stripes on the scutum, which are obvious in sunlight.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Ginsuji-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct digitate mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mine (Fig. 25E-I).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 25D), and on the ground or on stone walls of temples, shrines and farms in rural ecosystems. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging in spring and summer.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Yaku Island, Amami-Oshima Island, Kume Island (Fig. 26)</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. dorsata ,  P. calcicola ,  P. longifurcae ,  P. nigroflava , and  P. brunofasciata in having two pair of dark lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the silverly reflecting inner stripes (inner stripes black or gray in the other species), and by the extended, distorted tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5DF54F58F4C5FE98616EA534725D28D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
6DCE2C372A7D56CB9E9B3C41AFCC55B5.text	6DCE2C372A7D56CB9E9B3C41AFCC55B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza bifasciata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 29.  Phytoliriomyza bifasciata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 54</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a349), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref. (35.2768°N, 138.279°E, 1570 m asl), 26-V-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 21-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32063. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a472, a473), same data as holotype, emerged on 11-16-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32064, 32065; 1♀ (MK-AG-a382), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 6-VI-2021 (as larva on  C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 15-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32066; 1♂ (MK-AG-542), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 26-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32067; 1♂ (MK-AG-a242), Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva on  C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 6-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32068; 1♀ (MK-AG-a272), Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-II-2012 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 9-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32069; 1♀ (MK-AG-a274), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 5-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32070. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♂2♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 17-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-3-V-2014; 2♀, Otaki, Akiu, Taihaku, Sendai, Miyagi Pref., 14-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2014; 1♂, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2014; 2♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 3-5-V-2016; 1♂1♀, Mt. Hakusan, Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 3-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 24-31-V-2013. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂1♀, Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 14-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-24-V-2012; 1♀, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-V-2012; 1♂, Amagi-toge, Izu, Kaeda-keikoku, Kagamisu, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref. Pref., 17-II-2009 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-2009; 3♂, Ashikubo, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 13-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-1-V-2012; 1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-IV-2011; 1♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2015; 1♂1♀, Shiibarui, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 5-20-V-2015; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2010. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♂1♀, Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-6-V-2010; 2♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 30-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1-5-VI-2012; 1♀, Mt. Ishizuchi, Kuma-kogen, Ehime Pref., 4-V-2014 (as larva), emerged on 16-V-2014. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.2-2.3 mm) having a shiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of black stripes, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hypertrophied tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising three or four long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male.</p>
            <p>Head: (Fig. 54A-E) Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins. (Fig. 54C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 54B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 54C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 54B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax shiny. Scutum yellow with medial dark stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow pale brown supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider black intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural dark ovoid spots (Fig. 54D). Scutellum yellow, subscutellum yellow with brown margin. Mediotergite brown, anatergite yellow with small brown spot near lower margin, and katatergite yellow (Fig. 54E). Pleuron yellow with brownish patches on venter of katepisternum and meron (Fig. 54B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 54A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. 20-26 acrostichal setulae in four irregular rows (Fig. 54D). Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 54A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 54E). Genitalia: (Fig. 54G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-posterior margin with a dark ridge; inner-lateral surface with a flattened triangular tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising three or four basally fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part); inner-lateral margin with a row of three or four small tubercle-like setae (Fig. 54I). Surstylus elongated, curved inwards; with a few short setae apically; with one stout tubercle-like seta subapically (Fig. 54I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, the dorsal lobe of which is dark, hooked toward dorsum (Fig. 54I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 54G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically, cleft subapically (Fig. 54H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 54G). Basiphallus with a pale broad, plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 54G). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 54H). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 54H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; covered by a membrane bearing 7-9 pairs of minute oval lateral sclerites basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dark; constricted subdistally; with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 54H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and short stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 54J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 54F, M). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 54K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 54K). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 54L). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 54L). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 54K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (bifasciata = two stripes) refers to a pair of black stripes on the yellow scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Tsuyasuji-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. orientalis (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 54O-Q).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula ,  Fagus crenata and  Aesculus turbinata (Fig. 54N). It was sympatric with  P. izayoi ,  P. luteola , and  P. conocephali at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Fig. 55).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. dorsata ,  P. calcicola ,  P. argentifasciata ,  P. longifurcae ,  P. brunofasciata , and  P. pallidofasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from all of them by the glossy scutum (subshiny in the other species) and by the dissimilarity of color between the outer and inner pairs of the stripes (color is similar between outer and inner pairs in the other species). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6DCE2C372A7D56CB9E9B3C41AFCC55B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
6A411C5F5B585EF5862C67C2F1B4E11C.text	6A411C5F5B585EF5862C67C2F1B4E11C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza brunofasciata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 25.  Phytoliriomyza brunofasciata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 48</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a380), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. (35.6327°N, 138.3519°E, 1110 m asl), 25-III-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 6-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32038. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a429), same data as holotype, emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32039; 1♂ (MK-AG-a405), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32040; 1♀ (MK-AG-498), Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 8-V-2010 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 8-VI-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32041; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a344, a345), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 8-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32042, 32043; 1♂ (MK-AG-a298), Nishiyama-onsen, Hayakawa, Yamanashi Pref., 18-III-2017 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 4-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32044. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 3♂1♀, Hashigami, Yamane, Kuji, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 5-29-5-VI-2012; 2♂6♀, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-10-VI-2015; 4♂12♀, Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 15-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 5-13-V-2016; 2♂1♀, Akiyama-go, Sakae-mura, Nagano Pref., 3-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-14-VII-2020; 8♂18♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 15-V-2018 (as larva), emerged on 1-4-VI-2018; 2♂5♀, Sengataki, Uminokuchi, Minami-maki, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-10-VI-2014; 4♂6♀, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 25-2-V-2014. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂, Tairadate, Sotogahama, Higashitsugaru, Aomori Pref., 26-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1-15-VI-2012; 1♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-3-VI-2014. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 2♂1♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 5-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 2-6-VI-2012; 20♂22♀, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-2-V-2021; 1♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-VII-2013; 1♂, Mitsumine-jinja, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 12-VI-2011. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.2 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of gray stripes, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 5-7 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 48A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 48C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 48B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 48C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 48D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with a medial brown stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow brown supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider brown intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural brown ovoid spots (Fig. 48D). Scutellum and subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite yellow with venter brown (Fig. 48E). Pleuron yellow with venter of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 48B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 48A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae seven or eight pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.2.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown. Genitalia: (Fig. 48G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with a long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six or seven fused (rarely unfused in part) long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and an irregular row of several (2-3) short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 48I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 48I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view; a pair of dorsal lobes, each with one seta. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 48I). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 48G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 48H). Basiphallus with pale broad lateral plate on left side and lightly sclerotized dorsal margin (Fig. 48G). Hypophallus hood-shaped, membranous; covered with microtrichia ventrally; medially with a pair of dark fused, ventrally incurved, narrow sclerites (Fig. 48G, H). Paraphallus membranous, rounded or like 4-winged; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 48H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus. Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 48H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 48J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 48F). Similar to male, but larger, first flagellomere black, rarely base yellowish; pedicel and scape yellow. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 48L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 48L). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 48M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 48M). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 48A).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 48Q) Puparium internal, slender, and brown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (brunus = brown, fascia = stripe) refers to the brown stripes on the scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Harusame-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ) growing on mesic soils in cool-temperate broadleaf deciduous forests. </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 48O-R).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Fagus crenata ,  Cercidiphyllum japonicum , and  Quercus crispula (Fig. 48N). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 45). The distribution is restricted to broadleaf deciduous forests in the cool temperate zone at high altitudes.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. nigroflava ,  P. pallidofasciata , and  P. bifasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of the stripes (brown in  P. brunofasciata ; black in  P. nigroflava ; pale brown in  P. pallidofasciata ; inner pairs black and outer pairs pale brown in  P. bifasciata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A411C5F5B585EF5862C67C2F1B4E11C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
C42A149875625367A2251AA98BE82238.text	C42A149875625367A2251AA98BE82238.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza caerulescens Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 36.  Phytoliriomyza caerulescens Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 68, 69</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a562), Ugan-zaki, Ishigaki-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. (24.4479°N, 124.0826°E, 10 m asl), 7-XI-2021 (as larva on  Riccia billardieri ), emerged on 19-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32104. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a558), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 32105; 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a589, a559, a590), Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva on  Riccia billardieri ), emerged on 17-XI-8-XII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32106-32108; 1♂ (MK-AG-a576), Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 8-XI-2021 (as larva on  Riccia huebeneriana ), emerged on 25-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32109. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  R. billardieri : 65♂70♀, same data as holotype, 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-XI-5-XII-2021; 85♂82♀, Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI -2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI-811-XII-2021; 18♂25♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI -2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI-811-XII-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. huebeneriana : 2♂3♀, Ugan-zaki, Ishigaki-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-24-XI-2021; 10♂4♀, Komi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-29-XI-2021; 13♂10♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-XI-15-XII-2021. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.1-1.3 mm) having a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male scutum uniquely with a pair of bluish bands. Male epandrium inner-laterally with two strong tubercle-like setae, and with ventrally elongated surstylus. Distiphalli bilaterally asymmetrical and tapering toward apex. Larva mines the thallus of  Riccia billardieri and  R. huebeneriana . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 68A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head largely light yellow, with frons and ocellar tubercle pruinose brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 68C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 68B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus light yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 68C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 68B). Orbital setulae minute and proclinate, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum and scutellum, bluish gray with a medial and a pair of lateral longitudinal obscure dark gray bands (Fig. 68D). Subscutellum brownish yellow except brown posterior half. Mediotergite dark brown, anatergite light yellow except ventral dark brown corner, and katatergite light yellow (Fig. 68E). Pleuron largely brownish yellow; anepisternum with brown patch along lower margin; anepimeron with a small spot on anterior ventral corner; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 68B). Haltere gray with inner surface light yellow, with stalk light yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellowish brown, subdistally and basally with dark patches; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 68A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 68D). Acrostichal seta three or four pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 1.1 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 68A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.8.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown, posterior margin of each tergite narrowly yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 68E). Genitalia: (Fig. 68L-O) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with 2-3 sharp, dark tubercle-like setae (Fig. 68N). Surstylus large and ventrally extended, tapering toward apex, with a row of strong setae on ventral margin (Fig. 68N). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of pointed dorsal lobes converging together distally, with a pair of narrow lateral plate-like lobes protruding dorsally (Fig. 68N). Hypandrium thin, sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 68L). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, cleft apically (Fig. 68M). Phallophorus with shallow incision below, articulated with dark phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 68L). Basiphallus with a pale dorsal broad sclerite; as long as mesophallus + distiphallus (Fig. 68M). Hypophallus broad membranous; lateral margins darkly sclerotized (Fig. 68M). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical; with a pair of narrow lateral sclerites. Distiphallus comprising one pair of dark bilaterally asymmetrical tubules; left one is S-shaped, longer and thicker than the right one, tapering toward apex; right tubule short, truncated (Fig. 68M). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base dark and wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 68O).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 68F-K). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider than male. Ground color of scutum is more bluish, and two bluish bands on scutum are more intense than those of male. Wing length 1.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 69A-C) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 69A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 69C). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 69A). Spermathecae semi-orbicular; with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 69B).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 69D-F, J-O) At 3rd instar, larval body yellow and cylindrical. Mandibles paired, fused, asymmetrical and strongly sclerotized, each with two teeth; left teeth larger than right ones (Fig. 69D-F). Mandibles confluent with short sclerotized hypopharyngeal sclerite, connecting to a pair of tentoropharyngeal sclerites; dorsal cornu broad and long, ventral cornu shorter, comprising two fused arms; upper arm darkly sclerotized only at basal part. Puparium internal, slender and brown (Fig. 69J-O).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (caerulescens = blue) refers to the bluish bands on the scutum, which are especially prominent in the female.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Aosuji-hatakegoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Riccia billardieri (Fig. 69I-M) and  R. huebeneriana (Fig. 69N, O) (  Ricciaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 69I-O) Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines. Because the thalli of the host plants are small and thin, the larva sometimes relocates to a fresh thallus. In the mine of the thallus, sporangia are left intact (Fig. 69M).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The two host liverwort species grow on levees of paddy fields in subtropical islands (Fig. 69G, H). Recent overuse of insecticides and herbicides and abandonment of rice cultivation in these islands has caused a drastic decrease of diverse paddy-field-dependent plants, and these liverworts and the liverwort-associated fly species are considered to be threatened. Larvae of  P. caerulescens were found mining thalli of these liverwort species in early November and adults emerged from late November to December. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands (Fig. 65).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is unique in that the female has blue lateral bands on the scutum. It resembles  P. iriomotensis ,  P. ugetsu , and  P. phaeocerotis in having a wholly dark scutum and yellow maxillary palpi, but it is distinguished from them by the blueish scutum and by the shape of the surstylus of the male epandrium (well-sclerotized, prolonged, and tapering ahead in  P. caerulescens ; less-sclerotized, not prolonged, and curved inward in the other species). </p>
            <p>Species associated with hornworts</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C42A149875625367A2251AA98BE82238	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
F314FCA405C857469E1444F23EF714F3.text	F314FCA405C857469E1444F23EF714F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza calcicola Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 10.  Phytoliriomyza calcicola Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 18, 19</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a265), Todai-shiraiwa, Ina, Nagano Pref. (35.7723°N, 138.1620°E, 1140 m asl), 30-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31943. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a459), same data as holotype emerged on 2-VI-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31944; 1♀ (MK-AG-a222), Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 13-X-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31945.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-VI-2021; 1♀1♂, Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 10-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 9-13-X-2017; 1♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2011.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.6-1.7 mm) having subshiny yellow scutum with two pairs of lateral stripes, yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a hypertrophied arm which bears an enlarged tubercle-like seta; inner-basally with a hypertrophied arm which bears a comb comprising five or six fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Plagiochasma pterospermum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 18A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 18C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 18B). Arista subbasal, black pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 18C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 18B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum yellow with medial black stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow black supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider. Black intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural black ovoid spots (Fig. 18D). Mediotergite brown, and anatergite and katatergite yellow. Pleuron largely yellow, anepisternum and anepimeron with small brown patches, venters of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 18B). Haltere yellow, with upper surface grayish. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 18A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 18D). Acrostichal setulae seven pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 18A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 0.95.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow (Fig. 18B). Genitalia: (Fig. 18I, J) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-distal margin with a basally enlarged, slightly flattened hypertrophied arm, which bears a dark laterally enlarged tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface also with a basally enlarged, slightly flattened, hypertrophied arm, on which with a comb comprising five or six fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 18G). Surstylus plate-like, extruded ventrally, bare, with one long tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 18G). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in posterior view, with a pair of setae medially (Fig. 18G). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin. Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped with incurved pointed apex (Fig. 18H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 18H). Basiphallus shorter than mesophallus. Hypophallus broad, membranous, with a dark narrow sclerite medially, and with a pair of diverging, ventrally incurved narrow sclerites (Fig. 18H). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dorsoventrally flattened tubular, parallel-sided; twofold longer than distiphallus; basal half and distal 1/5 pigmented (Fig. 18H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of tubules; basal half unpigmented; distal half cylindrical, pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 18H).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 18E-F). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.6 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 19A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 19A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. (Fig. 19B) Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¾ length of cercus (Fig. 19B). Spermathecae orbicular. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (calcis = limestone) refers to the fact that this species is associated with the host liverwort growing only on limestone.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kurosuji-tsubozenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Plagiochasma pterospermum (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct radiate mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines (Fig. 19D).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are limestone outcrops in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow (Fig. 19C). This species is one of the rarest species in liverwort-associated species, and was sympatric with  P. arcus or  P. plagiochasmatos in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu (Fig. 16). Recorded only from limestone areas in Chichibu Mountains and Akaishi Mountain Range.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species has several unique characteristics in male genitalia: a flattened stout tubercle-like seta on distal margin of epandrium; a comb of tubercle-like setae borne on enlarged projection of inner surface of epandrium; thin, bare surstylus; short distiphallus unpigmented at basal half. The unique characteristics suggest distant relation of this species from other liverwort-associated species. This species resembles  P. nigroflava and  P. brunofasciata in having two pairs of dark stripes on dorsal scutum; it is distinguished from them by the dark haltere (haltere yellow in  P. nigroflava and  P. brunofasciata ). </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Asterella</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F314FCA405C857469E1444F23EF714F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
4C8994C01E1F5D90B4CE259490FFD52B.text	4C8994C01E1F5D90B4CE259490FFD52B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza caliginosa Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 22.  Phytoliriomyza caliginosa Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 43</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a403), Kuki, Owase, Mie Pref. (34.0297°N, 136.2506°E, 270 m asl), 1-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 32017. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a224), same data as holotype, emerged on 11-IV-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 32018; 1♀ (MK-AG-a250), Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 28-III-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32019; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a238, a239), Yunokuchi-onsen, Kiwa, Kumano, Mie Pref., 9-13-IV-2019 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32020, 32021; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a237, a390), Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32022.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂1♀, Mt. Nokogiri, Kyonan, Awa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-8-V-2012 1♂1♀, Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 28-III-1-IV-2012; 3♂3♀, Tamaki-gawa, Totsugawa, Yoshino, Nara Pref., 9-III-2014 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-9-IV-2014; 2♂1♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-12-IV-2012; 1♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 1-III-2011 (as larva), emerged on 25-III-3-IV-2011; 2♂, Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 9-VII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 16-21-IV-2002; 1♂1♀, Takinohai, Kozagawa, Wakayama Pref., 13-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 2-15-V-2014; 1♀, Yoshiwa, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima Pref., 30-V-2014 (as larva), emerged on?-V-2014; 2♀, Mt. Ryuso, Aoi, Shizuoka Pref., 13-X-2015 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2015; 1♂, Shinkawa-keikoku, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., 31-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 16-IV-2017.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.1-2.3 mm) having pruinose dark brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta and inner-basally with a comb comprising eight or nine long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 43A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow including ocellar tubercle and back of head (Fig. 43C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 43B). Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 43C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 43B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with a black medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural patches confluent with the medial stripe, and a pair of wide black bands (i.e., fused complex of intra-alar and supra-alar stripes) on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches and the medial stripe (Fig. 43D). Scutellum yellow with lateral margins brown. The yellow patch ranging from posterior scutum to scutellum oblong and ill-defined. Subscutellum yellow except for brown posterior half. Mediotergite brown, but katatergite yellow, anatergite yellow with distal brown patch (Fig. 43E). Pleuron yellow with brown patches on propleuron centrally and on distal margins of notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron (Fig. 43B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 43A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 43A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny grayish yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 43E). Genitalia: (Fig. 43G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with one long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising eight or nine fused long tubercle-like setae and an irregular row of several (4-5) small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 43I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 43I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view (Fig. 43I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 43G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle -shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 43H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 43H). Basiphallus with broad pale plate on left side and lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 43H). Hypophallus broad, membranous, and bilaterally asymmetrical; with a dark narrow sclerite on right side; medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 43G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus, tapering distally (Fig. 43H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of dark short cuneiform sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented; with truncated, shortly flared unpigmented apex (Fig. 43H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 43J).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 43F). Similar to male. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 43K-L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 43K). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¼ length of cercus (Fig. 43L). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 43K). </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb in the male genitalia varies from 8 to 9, but the variation does not involve a geographic cline.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (caliginosus = misty) refers to the obscure yellow mark on the scutum, which resembles a dim spring moon.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Oborozuki-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum orientalis (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 43M).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis cuspidata and  Quercus sessilifolia . This species was sympatric with  P. pallidofasciata and  P. conocephali in some localities. Our rearing records suggested that this species was univoltine; it overwinters as a pupa and the adult emerged in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 39).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. islandica and  P. bornholmensis recorded respectively from Iceland and Denmark; it is distinguished from  P. islandica by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (8-9 in  P. caliginosa , 6 in  P. islandica ), and from  P. bornholmensis by the form of the sclerite of the basal distiphallus (short cuneiform in  P. caliginosa ; long triangular in  P. bornholmensis ). This species also resembles  P. igniculus and  P. chichibuensis in the yellow oblong obscure pattern of the scutum; it is distinguished from  P. igniculus by the absence of a pair of lateral brown patches on the 2nd abdominal tergite (present in  P. igniculus ), and from  P. chichibuensis by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (8-11 in  P. caliginosa ; 6-8 in  P. chichibuensis ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C8994C01E1F5D90B4CE259490FFD52B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
FC6F3E2CF58756C7995E2ED5F310F63F.text	FC6F3E2CF58756C7995E2ED5F310F63F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza chichibuensis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 21.  Phytoliriomyza chichibuensis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 42</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a547), Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref. (36.0702°N, 138.8672°E, 930 m asl), 26-III-2021 (as larva on  Conocephalum purpureorubrum ), emerged on 21-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32014. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a387), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32015; 1♂ (MK-AG-a393), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-III-2017 (as larva, emerged on 12-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32016. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂, Mt. Futago, Ogano, Chichibu-gun, Saitama Pref., 26-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 21-IV-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.2-2.9 mm) having a pruinose dark brown scutum with an obscure oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of six long, fused, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 42A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow including ocellar tubercle and back of head (Fig. 42C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere brown, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 42B). Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 42C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 42D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with a black medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural patches confluent with the medial stripe, and a pair of wide black bands (i.e., fused complex of intra-alar and supra-alar stripes) on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches and the medial stripe (Fig. 42D). Scutellum yellow with lateral margins brown. The yellow patch ranging from posterior scutum to scutellum oblong and ill-defined. Subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite brown, but katatergite yellow, anatergite yellow with distal brown patch (Fig. 42B). Pleuron yellow with brown patches on propleuron centrally and on distal margins of notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron (Fig. 42B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 42D). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.4 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 42A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 0.87.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 42E). Genitalia: (Fig. 42G-K) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with one long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six fused, long, tubercle-like setae and an irregular row of several (2-5) small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 42J). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 42J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view (Fig. 42J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 42G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, pointed, and cleft apically (Fig. 42I). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 42H), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 42I). Basiphallus with a dark anterolateral plate on left side (Fig. 42G). Hypophallus broad, membranous, and bilaterally asymmetrical; with a dark narrow sclerite on right side; medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 42H-I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus, tapering distally (Fig. 42H, I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark cuneiform sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented; with truncated, shortly flared unpigmented apex (Fig. 42H, I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with rounded blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 42K).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 42F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 42L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 42L). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 42M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¼ length of cercus (Fig. 42M). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 42L). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (chichibu) refers to the region where this species was found.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Shungetsu-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 42N) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and cliffs in temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula . Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, around Chichibu mountains in the Kanto Region (Fig. 39).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. islandica and  P. bornholmensis in yellow pattern of scutum; it is distinguished from  P. islandica by the distiphallus with weaker medial region (distiphallus without weaker medial region in  P. islandica ), from  P. bornholmensis by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (6 in  P. chichibuensis ; 8 in  P. bornholmensis ). This species also resembles  P. caliginosa in yellow pattern of scutum; it is distinguished from the latter by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (6 in  P. chichibuensis ; 8-11 in  P. caliginosa ) and by the color of the first flagellomere (brown in  P. chichibuensis ; black in  P. caliginosa ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC6F3E2CF58756C7995E2ED5F310F63F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
22B3ABC733915CC7A3062A1197061F58.text	22B3ABC733915CC7A3062A1197061F58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza cometiformis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 12.  Phytoliriomyza cometiformis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 22, 23</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-789), Ashizuri-misaki, Tosashimizu, Kochi Pref. (32.7298°N, 132.9971°E, 75 m asl), 26-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-IV-2011 NSMT-I-Dip 31954. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a427, a428), same data as holotype, emerged on 30-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31955, 31955; 1♀ (MK-AG-a461), Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref., 24-IV-2001 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2001, NSMT-I-Dip 31957; 1♂ (MK-AG-411), Sagiura, Taisha, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 31-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31958.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 6♂7♀, Izu-oshima Is. Tokyo Pref., 22-III-2009 (as larva), emerged on 15-20-IV-2009; 2♀, Yugashima, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-14-IV-2012; 4♂8♀, Sinjo, Mihama, Mikata, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 18-23-IV-2012; 3♂2♀, Shimaji-gawa, Ujitachi, Ise, Mie Pref., 3-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2-V-2010; 2♂1♀, Urashima-jinja, Honjo-hama, Ine, Kyoto Pref., 31-VII-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-III-2011; 2♂5♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-8-IV-2021; 1♀, Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 11-IV-2016; 1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2011.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A large yellow species (wing length 2.0-2.2 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a hand-like comb comprising</p>
            <p> Four or five basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 22A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 22C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere black, pedicel yellow and scape light yellow. Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 22C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 22B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum yellow with a black medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural patches confluent with the medial stripe, and a pair of wide black bands on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches. Scutellum yellow with lateral margins brown (Fig. 22D). Subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite brown, anatergite yellow, katatergite brown (Fig. 22B). Pleuron largely yellow; propleuron with small brown patch on anterior-dorsal corner; anepisternum with a small spot on dorsal corner and a large brown patch near ventral margin; anepimeron with a narrow brown patch on anterior corner; katepisternum and meron with brown patches on venter (Fig. 22B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 22D). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0-2.2&amp;nbsp;mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 22A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.8-1.9.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow (Fig. 22A). Genitalia: (Fig. 22F-J) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-lateral margin with a row of 5-7 short tubercle-like setae; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising three or four fused long tubercle-like setae; inner-lateral surface with an enlarged protrusion bearing a strong tubercle-like seta (Fig. 22H, J). Surstylus rounded and bilobed; anterior lobe sparsely setose apically; posterior lobe with one stout tubercle-like seta and a long normal seta. Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, each with a dorsal lobe bearing a seta (Fig. 22H). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin. Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 22G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 22F, G). Basiphallus with long narrow right sclerites and a short basal sclerite. Hypophallus broad and membranous; lateral margins lightly sclerotized, medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 22G). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 22G). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal 1/3 composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal 2/3 cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 22G). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with long stalk; sclerite of sperm pump with lateral extension; sperm pump clear (Fig. 22I).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 22E). Similar to male, but larger. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 23A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 23A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 23B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 23B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 23A).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (cometiformis = comet-shaped) refers to the oblong trail-leaving yellow pattern against the black background on the scutum, which resembles a comet.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Suisei-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 23D-G).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 23C). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan (Honshu, Shikoku).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. igniculus and  P. luna in having a pair of black lateral band on scutum and wholly yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of male epandrium (3-4 in  P. cometiformis ; 5-6 in  P. igniculus ; 7-8 in  P. luna ). The morphology of male epandrium of this species closely resembles that of "  P. dorsata " in Papp and  Černý (2017: fig. 101E), suggesting that this species is distributed also in Europe. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22B3ABC733915CC7A3062A1197061F58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
6A8ECAF1C8535FE087DEE0C6F054A932.text	6A8ECAF1C8535FE087DEE0C6F054A932.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza conocephali Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 32.  Phytoliriomyza conocephali Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 59, 60</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a269), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref. (35.3261°N, 135.7239°E, 450 m asl), 29-XI-1998 (as larva on  Conocephalum orientalis ), emerged on 26-V-1999, NSMT-I-Dip 32076. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a408), type locality, 8-IV-2012 (as larva on  Conocephalum orientalis ), emerged on 13-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32077; 2♂ (MK-AG-a444, a445), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 13-XI-2001 (as larva on  C. japonicum ), emerged on?-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32078-32079; 1♂ (MK-AG-a9), Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 18-X-2018 (as larva on  C. japonicum ), emerged on 7-V-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32080; 1♂ (MK-AG-a8), Dainichi, Kakegawa, Shizuoka Pref., 3-I-2016 (as larva on  C. japonicum ), emerged on 24-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32081; 1♀ (MK-AG-726), Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 3-VI-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32082; 1♀ (MK-AG-a7), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 2-III-2019 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 16-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32083; 1♀ (MK-AG-a6), Chikatsuyu, Nakaheji, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 3-III-2012 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 9-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32084. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  C. orientalis : 3♂3♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 19-V-2-VI-2012; Hosorogi, Awara, Ishikawa Pref., 1-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 5-24-V-2011; 4♂3♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-8-V-2012; 1♂♀, Seryo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 22-IX-2002 (as larva), emerged on 15-16-V-2002; 5♂15♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12-22-IV-2017; 1♂2♀, Mt. Gyojagaeri, Kamikitayama, Nara Pref., 31-VII-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-VIII-5-X-1999; 4♂5♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-VII-5-VIII-2021; 6♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-23-V-2017; 2♂8♀, Taishaku-kyo, Shobara, Hiroshima Pref., 9-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-27-V-2011; 2♂4♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-V-2-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24-26-IV-2011; 2♂14♀, Nanatsudake, Tamanoura, Fukue Is. Goto, Pref., 9-X-1998 (as larva), emerged on 20-XI-1998-4-IV-1999; 3♂4♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10-221-IV-2021; 1♂4♀, Anbo, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 30-II-2017 (as larva), emerged on?-V-2017. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 2♀, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Teshio, Hokkaido Pref., 5-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on?-V-2013; 1♀, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 22-IV-2013; 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2012. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2012; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 15-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 8-VII-2013. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum japonicum : 1♂1♀, Mt. Teine, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 24-VII-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-17-VIII-2011; 1♂4♀, Nishikawa, Nishimurayama, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-V-8-VI-2012; 4♂8♀, Dainichi, Kakegawa, Shizuoka Pref., 3-I-2016 (as larva), emerged on 21-IV-1-V-2016; 4♂8♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 18-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-7-V-2016; 4♂5♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-VII-5-VIII-2021; 3♂4♀, Gokanosho, Itsuki, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10-221-IV-2021. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small dark species (wing length 1.3-1.7 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with a mid-posterior yellow margin, a yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male epandrium inner-subdistally with a long ventrally directed tubercle-like seta, inner-laterally with a tubercle like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising five fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of all Japanese  Conocephalum spp. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 59A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 59C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 59B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 59C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 59D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a small yellow patch along midposterior margin (Fig. 59D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner brown, subscutellum light yellow. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite light yellow (Fig. 59E). Pleuron yellow with brownish patches on venter of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron (Fig. 59B). Haltere brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler (Fig. 59A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 59D). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in irregular two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 59A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 59E). Genitalia: (Fig. 59G-K) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-subposterior surface with a l tubercle-like seta; inner-lateral margin with a long, anteriorly directed, tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 59K). Surstylus oblong, curved inwards, setose apically, with two long tubercle-like setae on posterior subdistal margin (Fig. 59K). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view, with pale plate-like arms. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 59G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 59I). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 59G-I). Basiphallus with broad plate-like sclerite on left side. Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; medially with a pair of fused narrow ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 59G-I). Paraphallus pale membranous, bilobed; medial axis and margin lightly sclerotized; paraphalli spread laterally, jointed basally, resembling 4 wings (Fig. 59G-I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 59I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, widening toward truncated, flared apex (Fig. 59I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and short broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 59J).</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 59F, 60C). Similar to male, but slightly larger; color of scutellum darker. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 60A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 60A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 60B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 60B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 60A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The color pattern of the scutellum varied among localities; individuals at some localities had a larger dark corner on the scutum. The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varied from 5 to 6 among localities, among individuals in the same locality and even between right and left combs of an individual. The number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus was consistently two, but the direction of each varied among localities.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the larval feeding on  Conocephalum liverworts. </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Komorebi-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis ,  C. purpureorubrum and  C. japonicum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p> Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 60D-I). The mines on thick thalli of perennial  C. orientalis are inconspicuous (Fig. D), while those on thin thalli of annual  C. japonicum (Fig. E-I) are blackish and conspicuous. </p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis cuspidata and cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula . It is sympatric with  P. izayoi ,  P. luteola , and  P. lanternaria at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging twice in spring and summer. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Yaku Island (Fig. 61).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is the second smallest (next to  P. suetsugui ) among the  Phytoliriomyza species associated with  Conocephalum , and is the only species that mines the small thalli of  C. japonicum . This species resembles  P. marchantiae ,  P. rebouliae , and  P. lanternaria in having a small yellow mark lying between the posterior scutum and the scutellum; it is distinguished from  P. marchantiae and  P. rebouliae by the presence of tubercle-like seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium, from  P. lanternaria by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (5-6 in  P. conocephali ; 7 in  P. lanternaria ). </p>
            <p> This species also resembles  P. miki and  P. fumicosta in scutum color and male genitalia; it is distinguished from  P. miki by the rounded surstylus (slender and elongated in  P. miki ), from  P. fumicosta by the number of fused tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (5-6 in  P. conocephali ; 7 in  P. fumicosta ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A8ECAF1C8535FE087DEE0C6F054A932	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
FC660752E10E56E9A0134CA0D9B34DC2.text	FC660752E10E56E9A0134CA0D9B34DC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza crepusculum Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 7.  Phytoliriomyza crepusculum Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 13.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a29), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref. (35.433016°N, 135.150397°E, 75 m asl), 17-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31929. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a457), type locality, 19-V-2021 (as larva), on 1-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31930; 1♂1 ♀ (MK-AG-a399, 274), Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-II-2002 (as larva), emerged on 17-23-IV-2002, NSMT-I-Dip 31931, 31932; 1♂ (MK-AG-a309), Mitake, Kamitsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 19-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 6-VI-2009, NSMT-I-Dip 31933.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♀, Sanekawa-keikoku, Iide, Aga, Higashikanbara, Niigata Pref., 3-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 12-VI -2015; 1♀, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-V-5-VI-2012; 17♂32♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-II-2002 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-5-VI-2021; 1♂, Shogawa-kyo, Tonami, Toyama Pref., 3-V-2016 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI -2016; 1♀, Takeda-gawa, Maruoka, Sakai, Fukui Pref., 6-IV-2002 (as larva), emerged on 13-VI-2019; 2♂2♀, Mt. Nabejiri, Taga, Shiga Pref., 23-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 26-15-VI-2015; 1♂1♀, Boumura, Kazuragawa, Otsu, Shiga Pref., 7-IV-2002 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2002; 1♂1♀, Mitake, Kamitsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 9-IV-2009 (as larva), emerged on 6-VI-2009.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized species (wing length 1.4-1.8 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with brownish yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, brown maxillary palpus, brown halteres, and brownish yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a comb comprising five long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Dumortiera hirsuta . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 13A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head largely light yellow; ocellar triangle yellow but ocellar tubercle dark brown; back of head dark brown above foramen excluding margin (Fig. 13C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow. Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 13B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum brown with a large posterior trapezoid yellow patch adjacent to scutellum (Fig. 13D). Scutellum yellow with lateral corner narrowly brown. Subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite, katatergite and anatergite brown. Pleuron yellow, but propleuron, meron, anepimeron centrally pale brown (Fig. 13B). Haltere brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus dorsally brown (Fig. 13D). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 13D). Acrostichal setulae five pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.4 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 13A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown (Fig. 13D). Genitalia: (Fig. 13F-I) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with a stout tubercle-like seta; inner-ventral surface of epandrium with a comb comprising five fused long tubercle-like setae; inner-ventral margin with a row of several short tubercle-like setae (Fig. 13I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically but without tubercle-like seta. Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of posteriorly directed plate-like arms (Fig. 13I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 13G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, narrowly rounded, and cleft apically (Fig. 13H). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 13G), and articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 13H). Basiphallus composing of a left anterodorsal sclerite and a right L-shaped lateral sclerite; former narrow, protruding rightward, the latter protruding ventrally (Fig. 13G-H). Hypophallus broad and membranous, supported by one pair of fused sclerites ventrally (Fig. 13G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly shorter than distiphallus (Fig. 13H). Distiphallus consists of a pair of moderately long tubules slightly diverging apically; basal half composed of dark narrow lobate sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 13H). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped with short broad stalk, broad base, and clear sperm pump (Fig. 13F).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 13E). Similar to male (Fig. 13E). Wing length 1.4-1.8 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 13K, L) Oviscape brown sparsely setigerous on lateral sides (Fig. 13K). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 13L). Cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, ca. 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 13L). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 13K).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 13J) Puparium internal, slender, and pale brown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (crepusculum = twilight) refers to the brownish yellow patch on the scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Yuuzuki-kezenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Dumortiera hirsuta (  Dumortieraceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 13N-P) Larvae mine the midrib of the thallus in early instars, later construct radiate mines by coming out from the midrib, and pupate in the mines. Puparium is smooth and pale brown, posterior spiracles projecting (Fig. 13J).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The main habitats of this species are along streams in warm temperate forests and cool temperate deciduous forests (Fig. 13M), and this species was sympatric with  P. dumortierae in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island (Fig. 12).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Although this species used the same host plant as  P. dumortierae , these two species were not sympatric in any localities. This species resembles  P. arcus ,  P. plagiochasmatos and  P. falcata in having a pair of brown lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the brownish yellow color of the medial mark on scutum (light yellow in the other species). </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Plagiochasma</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC660752E10E56E9A0134CA0D9B34DC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
5B469994271C5909829862F00FE0BA49.text	5B469994271C5909829862F00FE0BA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza dorsata Siebke 1864	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1.  Phytoliriomyza dorsata Siebke, 1864</p>
            <p>Fig. 1</p>
            <p> Agromyza dorsata Siebke, 1864: 169. </p>
            <p> Liriomyza reverberata . Frick 1952: 375; 1959: 409. </p>
            <p> Lemurimyza dorsata . Spencer 1965: 28, 1969: 194. </p>
            <p> Phytoliriomyza dorsata . Spencer 1976: 294; Spencer and Steyskal 1986: 303; Papp and  Černý 2017: 317; Lonsdale 2021: 398;  Černý et al. 2020: 214. </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a410, a26), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido (42.201151°N, 140.135658°E, 145 m asl), 10-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 13-17-VI-2012, NMNS.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.7-1.8 mm) that has a pruinose yellow scutum with one medial and two pairs of gray lateral stripes, black 1st flagellomeres, yellow maxillary palpi, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a comb consisting of six fused long tubercle-like setae, and surstylus with two tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Marchantia polymorpha L. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 1A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 1A). Lunule distinct and slightly sunken. Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow. Arista subbasal, black pubescent. Eye upright, bare. Face slightly convex. Gena straight. Clypeus, face, and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 1B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with medial dark stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of wide dark intra-alar stripes and a pair of narrower dark supra-alar stripes, adjoining a pair of lateral presutural dark ovoid spots (Fig. 1D). Scutellum yellow with lateral corner brown. Subscutellum with anterior half yellow, ventral half brown. Mediotergite brown, anatergite and katatergite yellow. Pleuron largely yellow, venters of katepisternum and meron brown. Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibiae and tarsi darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened in length anteriorly (Fig. 1D). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 1A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.7.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 1B). Genitalia: (Fig. 1H-J) Epandrium rounded apically, with a short tubercle-like seta on inner-middle surface, a comb comprising six long fused tubercle-like setae on inner-anterior surface, a few short tubercle-like setae immediately outward of the comb; and a row of minute tubercle-like setae on ventral inner margin (Fig. 1J). Surstylus rounded, setose apically, with two short tubercle-like setae posteriorly. Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of medial flat, plate-like ventral processes and hook-shaped protrusion directing anteriorly (Fig. 1J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 1H). Postgonite bare and broadly rounded apically (Fig. 1I). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 1I). Basiphallus with a narrow plate on left side (Fig. 1I). Hypophallus membranous with a pair of small, parallel sclerites medially (Fig. 1I). Paraphallus broad membranous, with pointed, lightly sclerotized margins; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 1H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, length similar to that of distiphallus. Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of dorsal bulbous dark sclerites and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented (Fig. 1H).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 1F, G). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.8 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 1K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 1K). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 1L). Sternite bearing four pairs of marginal setae. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 1L). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 1K).</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Usuobi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Marchantia polymorpha (  Marchantiaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1M-O) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus of liverwort in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupating there, while mines are obscure from outside.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The host plants from which this species emerged grow on wet cliffs along roads in a cool temperate forest of  Quercus crispula . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Thus far, recorded from Europe, North America, and Japan. The authors recorded only from southern Hokkaido (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The morphology of the Japanese specimens closely coincided with the description of  P. dorsata by Spencer (1976), but not with the description by Papp and  Černý (2017), particularly concerning the morphology of the epandrium and distiphallus, which suggests the presence of multiple related species in Europe. Related  Phytoliriomyza species (  P. bornholmensis and  P. islandica ) were described by Spencer (1976) and  Ólafsson (1988), but they were synonymized with  P. dorsata by Zlobin (2005). The taxonomic confusion would be caused by scarcity of specimens of these rare species and lack of information on their biology. Our numerous reared specimens and extensive records of host plants suggest that bryophyte-associated  Phytoliriomyza species are diverse, and that the synonymized species may be definite species circumscribed by external and genital morphology. </p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. brunofasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum, but it is distinguished from  P. brunofasciata by the dark-sided scutellum (scutellum wholly yellow in  P. brunofasciata ) and the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium (two in  P. dorsata ; one in  P. brunofasciata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B469994271C5909829862F00FE0BA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
214844B523DF5237817CA2B70B855E77.text	214844B523DF5237817CA2B70B855E77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza dumortierae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 6.  Phytoliriomyza dumortierae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 10, 11</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-246), Higashinakama, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref. (28.269613°N, 129.436562°E, 340 m asl), 21-II-2015 (as larva on  Dumortiera hirsuta ), emerged on 1-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31920. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a486, a487, a488), same data as holotype, emerged on 30-III-7-IV-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31921-31923; 1♀ (MK-AG-267), Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 1-V-2015 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31924; 1♀ (MK-AG-241), Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 12-VI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 21-VI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31926; 1♀ (MK-AG-282), Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31927; 1♀ (MK-AG-250), Nagakumo-toge, Tatsugo, Oshima, Kagoshima Pref., 23-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 25-III-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 31928. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 5♂4♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 5-I-2015 (as larva), emerged on 18-V-2016; 2♂3♀, Tango-kanzaki, Maizuru, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-V-5-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Tategasaki, Kumano, Mie Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-V-2021; 3♀, Gakuen-ji, Bessho, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 31-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 9-V-2015; 3♂1♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-20-V-2021; 3♂4♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 12-VI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-21-VI-2017; 1♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2015; 1♂1♀, Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 11-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 617-19-IV-2016; 11♂14♀, Higashinakama, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 21-II-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-III-8-IV-2015.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large dark species (wing length 1.9-2.2 mm) having subshiny dark brown scutum, brownish yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an incomplete comb comprising three short, fused, tubercle-like setae medially. Larva mines the thallus of  Dumortiera hirsuta . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 10A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head largely light yellow; ocellar triangle yellow but ocellar tubercle dark brown; front-orbital plate brown; back of head brown above foramen excluding margin (Fig. 10C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 10B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum dark brown with a pair of terminal yellow patches adjoining scutellum (Fig. 10D). Scutellum yellow with lateral corner narrowly brown. Mediotergite, katatergite and anatergite dark brown. Pleuron yellow, lower half of anepisternum and anepimeron brown, meron and katepisternum brown (Fig. 10B). Haltere light yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brown; tibia and tarsus dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae seven or eight pairs in two rows (Fig. 10D). Wing: Wing length 1.9&amp;nbsp;mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 10A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.2.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown (Fig. 10A). Genitalia: (Fig. 10F-L) Epandrium dark brown rounded apically, onion-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 10G); inner-anterior margin with two stout tubercle-like setae, and inner-lateral margin with an incomplete comb comprising three short, fused, tubercle-like setae medially (Fig. 10K, L). Surstylus with a row of seven or eight strong setae apically and one or two stout tubercle-like setae posteriorly. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of long, ventrally directed arms; distal end flattened and expanded (Fig. 10F). Hypandrium sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 10F). Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped with a pointed apex (Fig. 10J). Phallophorus articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 10H, J). Basiphallus consisting of a pair of asymmetric dark narrow plate-like sclerites; both protruding ventrally (Fig. 10F-H, J). Hypophallus broad and membranous with lateral margin sclerotized, medially with a pair of short converging sclerites (Fig. 10H, J). Paraphallus narrow, membranous and distally pointed, with distal tip pigmented (Fig. 10F-H, J). Mesophallus dark, turgid, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 10H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal 1/3 composed of dark sclerite basally and weaker medial region; distal 2/3 dark, claviform, tip rounded (Fig. 10H). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped with marginal pale area and broad stalk; base dark and wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 10I).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 10E). Similar to male, but slightly larger. Wing length 2.2 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 11A, B) Oviscape dark brown sparsely setigerous (Fig. 11A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 11B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 11A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The color of frons and scutellum varies from yellow to brownish yellow in some localities.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to its host plant genus  Dumortiera . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Zangetsu-kezenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Dumortiera hirsuta (  Dumortieraceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11C, E, F, H, I) Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus in early instars, and in the last instar construct radiate or blotch mines by coming out from the midrib, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The main habitats of this species are along streams in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 11D, G). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Yaku Island and Amami-oshima Island (Fig. 12).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. wiesnerellae in coloration of head, thorax, abdomen, and legs; it is distinguished from the latter by the pleuron with the lower half darkened (pleuron almost wholly yellow in  P. wiesnerellae ). The great morphological difference in male genitalia suggests that these two species are not closely related. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/214844B523DF5237817CA2B70B855E77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
D32F57BDA41F5A6D96915338F8693DCC.text	D32F57BDA41F5A6D96915338F8693DCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza falcata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 15.  Phytoliriomyza falcata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 29, 30</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a19), Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref. (36.0044°N, 138.8108°E, 760 m asl), 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31972. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-423, 807, a18), same data as holotype, emerged on 28-23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31973-31975; 1♀ (MK-AG-a376), Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31976; 1♂ (MK-AG-a287), Seya-gawa, Miyazu, Kyoto Pref., 18-IV-2013 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 31977; 1♂ (MK-AG-803), Ryugakyo, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31978; 1♀ (MK-AG-444), Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31979; 1♀ (MK-AG-795), Chiromo, Toyotama, Tsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 11-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31980.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 17♂22♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 14-IV-2011; 6♂11♀, Oochi-gawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 13-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 25-28-IV-2011; 1♂2♀, Ukawa, Tango, Kyotango, Kyoto Pref., 5-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-17-IV-2021; 1♀, Doro-kyo, Totsugawa-mura, Nara Pref., 29-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 3-IV-2019; 1♂4♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23-30-IV-2021; 2♂1♀, Kurase-keikoku, Tanbara, Saijo, Ehime Pref., 2-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 20-26-IV-2014.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.6-2.0 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long hypertrophied arm which apically bears a dark, long, apically flattened, obliquely truncated tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 29A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 29C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel yellow and scape light yellow. Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons with brownish pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 29C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 29B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny, with a brown medial stripe on anterior 2/3, and a pair of adjacent wide brown bands on anterior 7/8 (Fig. 29D). Scutellum and subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite brown, anatergite and katatergite yellow. Pleuron largely yellow; propleuron with small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; anepisternum with two small spots on anterior and posterior corners; anepimeron with an oblique narrow brown patch on anterior corner; katepisternum and meron with brown patches on venter (Fig. 29B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 29B). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 29D). Acrostichal setulae 6-8 pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.6-1.9 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 29A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.5-1.8.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow (Fig. 29E). Genitalia: (Fig. 29G-L) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-anterior margin with two short tubercle-like setae; inner-lateral surface with a basally enlarged, extremely extended, ventrally curved arm, bearing an apically flattened, obliquely truncated, tubercle-like seta borne (Fig. 29I, J, L). Surstylus long, narrow, setose apically. Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite consisting of a pair of dorsal and ventral arms; ventral arm narrow, extended, plate-like, with hooked apex and a long basal seta; dorsal arm also plate-like but shorter, with a seta basally (Fig. 29I). Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 29G). Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped, with sideward pointed apex (Fig. 29H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 29H). Basiphallus with a pair of expanded lightly sclerotized lateral plates. Hypophallus broad, membranous, and bilaterally asymmetrical; right margin sclerotized; medially with a pair of dark fused sclerites (Fig. 29H). Paraphalli lobate, lightly sclerotized; diverging and angled anteroventrally (Fig. 29H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 29H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of lateral dark slender sclerite and weaker medial region; covered by membrane bearing four pairs of minute arrowhead-like lateral sclerites; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, shortly flared apex (Fig. 29H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 29K).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 29F). Similar to male, but larger, the lateral bands on scutum more grayish and more pruinose. Wing length 1.8-2.0 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 30A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 29A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 29B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ½ length of cercus (Fig. 29B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 29A). </p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 30D-F) Puparium internal, slender, and pale brown, with anterior spiracles just protruded from epidermis of mined thallus.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (falcata = sickle-shaped) refers to the sickle-shaped tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Naginata-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 30E-I).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests. This species is sympatric with  P. argentifasciata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that it is bivoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island (Fig. 31).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. arcus ,  P. plagiochasmatos and  P. aratriformis in having a pair of brown lateral bands and pale yellow mark on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the absence of an extremely extended, forked tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. This species is sympatric with  P. aratriformis on  Reboulia , and can be distinguished from the latter by the yellow mark on the scutum; the mark is large and well defined by lateral stripes in  P. falcata but small and obscure in  P. aratriformis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D32F57BDA41F5A6D96915338F8693DCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
65846D6797175F3CBBC61D8052652938.text	65846D6797175F3CBBC61D8052652938.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza foliocerotis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 37.  Phytoliriomyza foliocerotis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 70</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a310), Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref. (32.251°N, 131.481°E, 150 m asl), 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32110. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a451, a449, a450), type locality, 14-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-6-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32111-32113.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 2♂1♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 14-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-VII-18-VIII-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.1-1.3 mm) having a subshiny black scutum, black scutellum with small yellow spot centrally, yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with one strong tubercle-like seta. Distiphalli tapering toward apex, fused after meeting, elongated over the length of phallapodeme. Larva mines the thallus of a hornwort,  Folioceros fuciformis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 70A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, and back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 70C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere yellow, only narrow area around base of arista grayish; pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 70B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons brownish yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, light yellow; palpus light yellow, ovate (Fig. 70C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 70D). Orbital setulae minute and proclinate, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum pruinose black (Fig. 70D). Scutellum black, medially with a small, obscure yellow patch. Subscutellum pale yellow. Mediotergite dark gray, anatergite brown, and katatergite pale yellow (Fig. 70B). Pleuron largely pale yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; propleuron with a small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; notopleuron with narrow brown patch on anterior-lower margin; anepisternum and anepimeron without brown spot; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 70B). Haltere grayish yellow, with stalk paler. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments pale yellow; femur of foreleg with narrow brown subdistal patch frontally; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 70A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 70D). Acrostichal setae three or four pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.3 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 70A). M4 disappears immediately before reaching wing margin. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.7.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellowish brown; epandrium brown (Fig. 70E). Genitalia: (Fig. 70G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with one strong tubercle-like seta (Fig. 70J). Surstylus small, spatula-shaped, setose apically (Fig. 70J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite vestigial. Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 70G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 70I). Phallophorus with shallow incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 70I). Basiphallus with dark narrow dorsal sclerite and apically bilobed pale ventral sclerite (Fig. 70I). Hypophallus membranous with microtrichia, (Fig. 70I). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus cylindrical, laterally and dorsally sclerotized, parallel-sided (Fig. 70I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of tubules, with dark dorsal shoehorn-shaped sclerites basally; the tubules thin, fused after meeting, elongated over the length of phallapodeme (Fig. 70G). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, with short broad stalk and dark base; sperm pump clear (Fig. 70H).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 70E-F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 1.1&amp;nbsp;mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 70K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 70K). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, same length as cercus (Fig. 70L). Spermathecae semi-orbicular; with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 70K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the host plant genus  Folioceros . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Miyabetsunogoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Folioceros fuciformis (  Anthocerotaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Mines are extremely inapparent because the thalli are thick and often overlapping (Fig. 70N).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitat of this species is a cliff along a river bank in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis sieboldii and  Quercus helva (Fig. 70M), and the host hornwort grows with the liverwort  Marchantia papillata grossibarba . Our rearing records suggest that this species is at least bivoltine, with adults emerging in April and August. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Kyushu (Fig. 71). Recorded only from the type locality.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. nubatama in having a shiny black dorsal scutum and a small yellow spot in the black scutellum; it is distinguished from the latter by the yellow 1st flagellomere of the antenna (dark in  P. nubatama ). These two species were found sympatrically at the type locality, where their host plants,  Marchantia papillata grossibarba and  Folioceros fuciformis , grow in similar riparian habitats. Irrespective of their similar external morphology, these species are evidently distantly related, given their greatly differing genital morphology. </p>
            <p>The three agromyzid species recorded from hornworts all had a dark scutum, but varied among species in color of antenna, color of maxillary palpus, and comb of tubercle-like setae on male epandrium. They also had common characteristics in the male genitalia; the distiphallus is little sclerotized, elongated, and tapering toward the apex. These characteristics of the male genitalia in hornwort-associated species suggest their monophyletic origin.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65846D6797175F3CBBC61D8052652938	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
C2B4E586FB37519DA92E05D8E21AC92F.text	C2B4E586FB37519DA92E05D8E21AC92F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza helva Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 28.  Phytoliriomyza helva Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 52, 53</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a540), Mitsumine, Chichibu, Saitama Pref. (35.9299°N, 138.9171°E, 630 m asl), 26-III-2021 (as larva on  C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32057. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a541), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 32058. 2♂2♀ (MK-AG-a406, a471, a318, a470), Eniwa-keikoku, Eniwa, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 10-15-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32059-32062. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♂, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 4-V-2016; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Funbe, Hiroo, Hokkaido Pref., 27-VIII-2014 (as larva), emerged on 16-V-2014. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♂1♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-15-VI-2021; 1♀, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-VI-2021. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.8-2.1 mm) having a pruinose light yellow scutum and scutellum, a yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising three or four long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 52A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 52C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 52B). Arista subbasal, black but basally yellow, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 52C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 52D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum entirely light yellow (Fig. 52D). Scutellum, subscutellum, mediotergite, anatergite, and katatergite yellow (Fig. 52E). Pleuron entirely yellow (Fig. 52B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 52D). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 52A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown (Fig. 52E). Genitalia: (Fig. 52G-J) Epandrium rounded apically;inner-lateral surface with an elongated tubercle-like seta, whose tip is slightly spread and flattened; inner-basal surface with a comb comprising 3-5 fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and a row of two short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 52I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 52I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped, with bilobed dorsal plate and a pair of pale plate-like arms (Fig. 52I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 52G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 52G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 52G, H). Basiphallus with broad plate on left side and lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 52G, H). Hypophallus hood-shaped, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites (Fig. 52H). Paraphallus pale membranous, undefined (Fig. 52H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus. Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of dark sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented; widening toward inflated, truncated apex (Fig. 52H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 52J).</p>
            <p>Female (Figs 52F, 53E). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 2.1 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 53A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 53A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 53B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 53B). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 53A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varied from 3 to 5 among localities, with the individuals from northern localities having fewer tubercle-like setae. Pigmentation pattern in distiphallus and morphology of paraphallus also differed between Hokkaido and Honshu populations.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (helvus = pale yellow) refers to pale yellow body and antennae of this species.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Usuki-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 53D).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula and  Ulmus davidiana (Fig. 53C). This species is sympatric with  P. luteola at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that it is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 50). Co-occurs with  P. luteola . </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. pallidofasciata and  P. luteola in having wholly yellow body; it is distinguished from them by the color of the 1st flagellomere (yellow in  P. helva ; black in the latter). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2B4E586FB37519DA92E05D8E21AC92F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
4ED5243AA8C65E0EB190495FA77138D7.text	4ED5243AA8C65E0EB190495FA77138D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza Hendel 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931</p>
            <p> Phytoliriomyza Hendel, 1931: 203 [as subgenus of  Liriomyza ]. Type species:  Agromyza perpusilla Meigen 1830: 181, by monotypy. Frick 1952: 410, 1959: 413; Spencer 1969: 201; Spencer and Steyskal 1986 b: 151; Papp and  Černý 2017: 313; Londsale 2021: 376. </p>
            <p> Xyraeomyia Frick, 1952: 412. Type species:  Xyraeomyia conjuctimontis Frick 1952: 413, by original designation. Spencer 1965 [synonymy]. </p>
            <p> Pteridomyza Nowakowski, 1962: 97. Type species:  Agromyza hilarella Zetterstedt 1848: 2776, by original designation. von Tschirnhaus 1971 [synonymy]. Manual of North American  Agromyzidae 377. </p>
            <p> Lemurimyza Spencer, 1965: 26. Type species:  Liriomyza enormis Spencer 1963 c: 114, by original designation. von Tschirnhaus 1971 [synonymy]. </p>
            <p> Nesomyza Spencer in Spencer and Stegmaier 1973: 190. Type species:  Nesomyza fusculoides Spencer in Spencer and Stegmaier 1973: 190, by original designation. Spencer 1973 [synonymy]. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, frons often with pruinosity. Orbital plates more or less emerge from the plane of frons. Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward and two ors directed up. 1-2(3) pairs of medio-clinate lower orbital setae, two pairs of reclinate upper orbital setae. Orbital setulae proclinate, upright or partly reclinate. Postocellar and ocellar setae well developed. First flagellomere round.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals. Acrostichal setulae in two rows, but lacking in some species. Postpronotal, two propleural, presutural, and propleural setae normal or strong. Anepisternum with a long posterior seta and with two or three shorter posterior setae. Katepisternum with one or two long setae. Legs simple, only ventroapical seta on middle tibia present. Costal vein ends at apex of M1. The ratio of ultimate and penultimate sections of M4 various.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Male abdomen lacks stridulatory organs.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Epandrium round apically, often with a comb of several fused tubercle-like setae and/or elongated tubercle-like setae on the inner surface; surstylus setigerous and sometimes with one or a few tubercle-like setae. Subepandrial sclerite short but very broad, connecting bases of surstyli through a special sclerite. Hypandrium very long but very thin. Hypophallus membranous often with a pair of parallel sclerites medially. Paraphallus present or absent. Mesophallus cylindrical and well sclerotized. Distiphallus with basal part formed by usually a paired sclerite and an apical part, which terminates in paired tubes or in extremely long less sclerotized tubules. Ejaculatory apodeme variable, but basal part usually broad and blade not too large.</p>
            <p>Female postabdomen: Tergite 10 trifurcate or cruciform posteriorly. Cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla.</p>
            <p> Classification of  Phytoliriomyza species associated with bryophytes </p>
            <p> The morphological characteristics of the species associated with bryophytes coincided with the characteristics unique to the genus  Phytoliriomyza . In addition to these characteristics of adult males, we found characteristics of adult females unique to the bryophyte-associated species, in which tergite 10 was trifurcate or cruciform and each cercus bears two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla. </p>
            <p>All the species associated with bryophytes are distinguished by color of antenna, color of maxillary palpus, color pattern of scutum and morphology of male genitalia. Colors of 1st flagellomere of antenna and maxillary palpus are dark or yellow, and unique to each species. Scutum was yellow or dark, and the yellow scutum often had three pairs of dark longitudinal stripes: medial stripes on anterior 2/3 (always merged together except in one species), intra-alar stripes (inner lateral stripes) and supra-alar stripes (outer lateral stripes) on anterior 4/5. In some species, the intra-alar stripe and the supra-alar stripe are merged together to shape a wide band, and often merged with the medial stripe. The color pattern of scutum is unique to each species at least among the species sharing the same host bryophyte genus. Although some species are very similar in external morphology, they could be clearly distinguished by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium and other male genital morphological characters.</p>
            <p> The 39 recorded  Phytoliriomyza species can be classified into four groups (  Phytoliriomyza phaeocerotis group,  Phytoliriomyza mesnili group,  Phytoliriomyza alpicola group, and  Phytoliriomyza dorsata group) based on presumed synapomorphy of the following characteristics: distribution of acrostichal setulae on scutum, morphology of epandrium and distiphallus of male genitalia, and color of legs. By assessing the morphological characteristics of the  Phytoliriomyza species (Table 3), we obtained a key to species as follows. </p>
            <p>1 1, present; 0, absent; 1-1, stripes unfused; 1/1, stripes fused.&lt;br/&gt; 2 Number of unfused tubercle-like setae forming a row is shown in parenthesis; -, lacking tubercle-like setae forming a row.&lt;br/&gt; * Number of setulae in four rows.</p>
            <p> Key to the Japanese  Phytoliriomyza</p>
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Acrostichal setulae vestigial, at most 4 pairs in 2 rows (Fig. 74D); male epandrium with convex inner ventral margin (Fig. 74I); distal end of distiphallus tapering out (Fig. 74G); small species with wing length ranging from 1.1 to 1.8 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Acrostichal setulae at least 5 pairs in 2 (or rarely 4) rows (Fig. 1D); male epandrium with concave inner ventral margin (Fig. 1J); distal end of distiphallus truncated (Fig. 1H); small to large species with wing length ranging from 1.3 and 2.9 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Surstylus small, lobate, not elongated, not setose apically (Fig. 74I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> 3 [  Phytoliriomyza phaeocerotis -group: associated with hornworts] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Surstylus large, elongated, setose apically (Fig. 63K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> 5 [  Phytoliriomyza mesnili -group: associated with  Riccia and  Asterella ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs dark brown (Fig. 72A); epandrium with a comb of tubercle-like setae (Fig. 72H); distiphallus shorter than phallapodeme (Fig. 72G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> Phytoliriomyza megacerotis [host:  Megaceros ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs yellow or brownish yellow (Fig. 74A); epandrium without a comb of tubercle-like setae (Fig. 74I); distiphallus longer than phallapodeme (Fig. 74G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere and haltere yellow (Fig. 70B); scutellum dark brown, medially with a yellow patch (Fig. 70D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. foliocerotis [host:  Folioceros ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere and haltere dark (Fig. 74B); scutellum wholly gray (Fig. 74D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. phaeocerotis [host:  Phaeoceros ,  Notothylas ,  Anthoceros ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maxillary palpus dark-colored (Fig. 63C); legs yellow (Fig. 63A); scutum yellowish gray with dark intra-alar and supra-alar stripes (Fig. 63D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. ricciae [host:  Riccia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maxillary palpus yellow (Fig. 68F); legs dark-colored (Fig. 68A); scutum completely gray or gray with longitudinal dark stripes (Fig. 66I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum completely gray (Fig. 21D); acrostichal setula absent (Fig. 21D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. iriomotensis [host:  Asterella ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum bluish gray with longitudinal dark stripes (Fig. 66I); acrostichal setulae 1-4 pairs in two rows (Fig. 66I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum with 3 pairs of longitudinal dark gray stripes (Fig. 66I); epandrium with a dense cluster of short tubercle-like setae at inner margin (Fig. 66L)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. sexfasciata [host:  Riccia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum with a medial stripe and a pair of lateral longitudinal dark gray stripes (Fig. 68I); epandrium with 3 strong tubercle-like setae at inner margin (Fig. 68N)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. caerulescens [host:  Riccia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs dark-colored (Fig. 56B); scutum uniformly dark-colored (Fig. 56 D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> 9 [  Phytoliriomyza alpicola group] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs yellow (Fig. 1B); scutum yellow with or without longitudinal lateral stripes (Fig. 1D); if scutum dark-colored, arista yellow (Fig. 44D, F)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> 18 [  Phytoliriomyza dorsata group] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Haltere yellow (Fig. 10E)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Haltere dark-colored (Fig. 56B)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maxillary palpus yellow (Fig. 8C); wing length &lt;2 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. nubatama [host:  Marchantia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Maxillary palpus dark-colored (Fig. 10B); wing length&gt; 2 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pleuron with ventral half dark-colored (Fig. 10B); surstylus with 1 tubercle-like seta (Fig. 10K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. dumortierae [host:  Dumortiera ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pleuron wholly yellow (Fig. 35B); surstylus with 2 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 35I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. wiesnerellae [host:  Wiesnerella ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum wholly gray (Fig. 62D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. suetsugui [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum wholly yellow or at least partly yellow (Fig. 56B)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pedicel of antenna yellow (Fig. 5C); scutum completely dark gray (Fig. 5D); male surstylus basally with a hypertrophied columnar arm, bearing tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 5I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. tsukuyomi [host:  Marchantia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pedicel of antenna brown (Fig. 56C); scutum dark gray except for posterior margin or mid-posterior area (Figs 56D, 58D); male surstylus lacking a hypertrophied columnar arm (Fig. 5I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs dark brown (Fig. 56B); Scutum dark gray with posterior margin yellow (Fig. 56D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. alpicola [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Legs yellowish brown (Fig. 58B); scutum dark gray with a semicircular yellow patch at mid posterior area (Fig. 58D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male surstylus lacking tubercle-like seta (Fig. 6I); epandrium lacking an anteriorly directed tubercle-like seta on inner-lateral surface (Fig. 6I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male surstylus with 1 or 2 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 59K); epandrium with an anteriorly directed tubercle-like seta on inner-lateral surface (Fig. 59K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 8 basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae (Fig. 6I); epandrium with one tubercle-like seta at inner-lateral margin (Fig. 6G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. marchantiae [host:  Marchantia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 7 basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae (Fig. 33J); epandrium with 1 tubercle-like seta at inner-posterior margin (Fig. 33H)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. rebouliae [host:  Reboulia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 5 or 6 basally fused, long, tubercle-like setae (Fig. 59I); Surstylus with 2 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 59K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. conocephali [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 7 basally fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 58I); surstylus with 1 tubercle-like seta (Fig. 58I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. lanternaria [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum and scutellum gray (Fig. 44D); arista yellow (Fig. 44F)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. ugetsu [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum yellow at least in part, and scutellum yellow (Fig. 44D); arista black (Fig. 44F)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum wholly yellow, lacking dark stripes (Fig. 49D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum yellow, with 1 or 2 pairs of dark longitudinal stripes (Fig. 49D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> 1st flagellomere black (Fig. 51B); tubercle-like seta on inner surface of epandrium 1.5  × as long as the seta of a comb (Fig. 51I) </td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. luteola [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere yellow (Fig. 52B); tubercle-like seta on inner surface of epandrium as long as the seta of a comb (Fig. 52I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. helva [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum lacking a medial dark stripe, but with brown unfused intra-alar and supra-alar stripes (Fig. 49D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. pallidofasciata [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum with a medial dark stripe (Fig. 1D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar and supra-alar stripes of scutum separate and unfused (Fig. 1D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">23</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar and supra-alar stripes of scutum fused, forming a pair of wide bands (Fig. 3D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">23</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum subglossy with pruinosity; intra-alar and supra-alar stipes with similar thickness (Fig. 46B); acrostichal setulae in 2 rows (Fig. 46B)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutum glossy; supra-alar stipe is pale and indistinct (Fig. 54D); acrostichal setulae in 4 rows (Fig. 54D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. bifasciata [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar stripes not confluent with a pair of lateral presutural dark ovoid spots (Fig. 46B); 1st flagellomere yellow in male, black in female (Fig. 46A, D)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. nigroflava [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar stripes adjoining and confluent with 1 pair of lateral presutural dark ovoid spots (Fig. 1D); 1st flagellomere yellow or black, same in both sexes</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere yellow (Fig. 24B)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">26</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere black (Fig. 1B)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">26</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar stripes and lateral presutural dark ovoid spots with silvery pruinosity (Fig. 24D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 4 or 5 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 24H</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. argentifasciata [host:  Reboulia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Intra-alar stripes and lateral presutural dark ovoid spots without silvery pruinosity (Fig. 27D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 6 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 27I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with an extremely elongated arm, bearing 2, dark, ventrally curved, tubercle-like setae borne at wide angle (Fig. 27H); surstylus lobate, setose apically, with 1 short tubercle-like seta subapically (Fig. 27K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. longifurcae [host:  Reboulia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a basally enlarged, slightly flattened hypertrophied arm, which bears a dark laterally enlarged tubercle-like seta (Fig. 18G); surstylus narrow, bare, with 1 long tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 18G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. calcicola [host:  Plagiochasma ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum yellow with lateral margins dark-colored (Fig. 1D); surstylus with 2 tubercle-like setae (Fig. 1J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. dorsata [host:  Marchantia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum wholly yellow (Fig. 48D); surstylus with 1 tubercle-like seta (Fig. 48I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. brunofasciata [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere black (Fig. 37C); male epandrium with a comb of tubercle-like setae (Fig. 37I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1st flagellomere yellow (Fig. 14B); male epandrium lacking a comb of tubercle-like setae (Fig. 14K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum brownish yellow, tergite of abdomen brown (Fig. 13D); haltere brown (Fig. 13D); wing length &lt;1.8 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. crepusculum [host:  Dumortiera ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum yellow, tergite of abdomen yellow (Fig. 47D); haltere yellow (Fig. 47D); wing length&gt; 1.9 mm</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lateral fused band of scutum reaching just before scutellum (Fig. 22D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 3 or 4 fused long tubercle-like setae, and with an enlarged arm bearing a strong tubercle-like seta (Fig. 22J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. cometiformis [host:  Reboulia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lateral fused band of scutum ending at anterior 7/8 length of scutum before scutellum (Fig. 37D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 7-12 fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 37I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Medial stripe of scutum not confluent with the lateral fused band, and the 2 bands are delimited by a yellow line (Fig. 37D); yellow patch ranging from posterior scutum to scutellum well-defined (Fig. 37D); male epandrium with 1 pair of tubercle setae at posterior end on inner margin (Fig. 37G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Medial stripe of scutum confluent with the lateral fused band (Fig. 43D); yellow patch ranging from posterior scutum to scutellum oblong and ill-defined (Fig. 43D); male epandrium with 1 pair of tubercle setae on subposterior inner margin (Fig. 43G)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">34</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum wholly yellow (Fig. 37D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 7 or 8 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 37I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. luna [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Scutellum yellow with lateral margins darkened (Fig. 40D); male epandrium with a comb comprising 9-12 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 40J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. izayoi [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">34</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Abdomen dorsally with a pair of brown lateral semicircular patches on anterior half of the 2nd tergite (Fig. 3E); male epandrium with a comb comprising 5 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 3I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. igniculus [host:  Marchantia ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Abdomen dorsally without dark patches on tergites (Fig. 42B); male epandrium with a comb comprising 6-8 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 42J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 6 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 42J)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. chichibuensis [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a comb comprising 8 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 43I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. caliginosa [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yellow patch of midposterior scutum darkened and ill-defined (Fig. 32D); Tergite of abdomen brownish yellow (Fig. 32E)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. aratriformis [host:  Conocephalum ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yellow patch of midposterior scutum rectangular and well-defined (Fig. 14D); Tergite of abdomen yellow (Fig. 14E)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium with a pair of elongated, hypertrophied arms, each bearing a tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 14K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Male epandrium without a pair of elongated, hypertrophied arms (Fig. 17I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. plagiochasmatos [host:  Plagiochasma ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hypertrophied arm on male epandrium strongly curved outward (Fig. 14K)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. arcus [host:  Plagiochasma ] </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hypertrophied arm on male epandrium protruded forward (Fig. 29I)</td>
                    <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"> P. falcata [host:  Reboulia ] </td>
                </tr>
            </table>
            <p>Taxonomy</p>
            <p> We describe 39  Phytoliriomyza species in order of phylogenetic position of their host plants (as shown in Tables 1 and 2), focusing on morphological characteristics, geographical variation, host-plant records, and life history of each species. </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Marchantia</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ED5243AA8C65E0EB190495FA77138D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
F9AF04D82EF2567E88D9828E1A0C131B.text	F9AF04D82EF2567E88D9828E1A0C131B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza igniculus Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2.  Phytoliriomyza igniculus Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a323), Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref. (36.053896°N, 138.461847°E, 1110 m), 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31890. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a454, a453), same data as holotype, emerged on 17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31891, 31892; 1♀ (MK-AG-a324), Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31893; 1♀ (MK-AG-a325), Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 30-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 4-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31894; 1♀ (MK-AG-a326), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31895; 1♀ (MK-AG-a28), Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 27-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31896.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 35♂37♀, same data as holotype, emerged on 8-17-V-2021; 9♂5♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-28-V-2021; 3♂1♀, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-31-V-2021; 1♂2♀, Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 27-VI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 15-VII-2021; 1♂1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 27-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 23-25-V-2021; 22♂20♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 8-17-VI-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.0-2.1 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum with a trapezoid yellow patch medially on posterior 1/3, a yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomeres, yellow maxillary palpi, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Marchantia polymorpha . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 3A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 3C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow. Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 3B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum dark gray with a trapezoid pale yellow patch medially on posterior 1/3 (Fig. 3D). Scutellum pale yellow. Subscutellum with anterior half yellow, ventral half brown. Mediotergite brown, anatergite and katatergite yellow (Fig. 3B). Pleuron yellow; propleuron with small brownish spots on venter; anepisternum with three brown spots on anterior and middle dorsal margins and middle venter; several small brown spots on anepimeron, katepisternum and meron with brow patches on venter (Fig. 3B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray (Fig. 3B). Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 3A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 3D). Acrostichal setulae six or seven pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.1 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 3A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3-1.7.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow, with a pair of brown lateral semicircular patches on anterior half of the 2nd tergite; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 3E). Genitalia: (Fig. 3F-I). Epandrium rounded apically, with a long tubercle-like seta on subposterior inner-lateral surface; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 3I). Surstylus hood-like, curved inward, setose apically, with single long tubercle-like seta on outer distal margin. Cercus narrow, setose, with a strong seta apically (Fig. 3I). Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of flat, pale, blade-like ventral process and one pair of setae outward (Fig. 3I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 3F). Postgonite bare and broadly rounded apically (Fig. 3H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 3F, G). Basiphallus with a narrow plate on left side; length similar to that of mesophallus (Fig. 3G). Hypophallus broad, membranous, medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites; distal half diverging (Fig. 3G). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly shorter than distiphallus (Fig. 3G). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark bulbous sclerite and weaker medial region curving outward; distal half cylindrical and well-pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 3G). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, blade pale with clear margin, with narrow stalk, broad base, and clear sperm pump.</p>
            <p>Female. Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 2.1 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 3K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 3K). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length (Fig. 3L). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 3K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (igniculus = small fire) refers to the yellow oblong patch on the scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kitsunebi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Marchantia polymorpha (  Marchantiaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-botch mines in the thallus, particularly in the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 4C-E).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The host plants from which this species emerged, grow on mesic soils along roads in cool temperate forests (beech forests dominated by  Fagus crenata in Honshu and deciduous oak forests dominated by  Quercus crispula in Hokkaido) and on levees of paddy fields in a cool temperate forest ecosystem (Fig. 4A, B). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is distinguished from all other species of  Phytoliriomyza with black-banded yellow thorax by the unique brown patches on the 2nd abdominal tergite (absent in other species). This species resembles  P. izayoi ,  P. chichibuensis and  P. caliginosa in the yellow pattern of the scutum and scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the wholly yellow scutellum without dark lateral corners and by the number of tubercle-like setae of the comb on the male epandrium (  P. igniculus , 5-6;  P. izayoi , 6-8;  P. caliginosa , 8-11). This species also resembles  P. cometiformis and  P. luna in having a yellow scutellum; it is distinguished from them by the number of tubercle-like setae of the comb on the male epandrium (  P. igniculus , 5-6;  P. cometiformis , 3;  P. luna , 7-8). This species also resembles  P. islandica in the yellow pattern of the scutellum; it is distinguished by the black first flagellomere (brown in  P. islandica ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9AF04D82EF2567E88D9828E1A0C131B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
7C29E49ECD8D5E1E8DF887380F61E994.text	7C29E49ECD8D5E1E8DF887380F61E994.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza iriomotensis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 11.  Phytoliriomyza iriomotensis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 20</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-161), Yutsun, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref. (24.379°N, 123.883°E, 15 m asl), 25-I-2011 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31949. Paratypes: Japan: 2♀ (MK-AG-164, a426), same data as holotype, emerged on 2-10-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 31950, 31951; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a591, a592), type locality, 18-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-21-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31952, 31953.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♀, Yutsun, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 8-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-XI-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.4-1.7 mm) having pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellow legs. Scutum lacks acrostichal setulae. Male epandrium lacks tubercle-like seta; distiphallus of male genitalia tapering apically. Larva mines the thallus of  Asterella liukiuensis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 20A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, frons brownish yellow, back of head dark brown (Fig. 20C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 20B). Arista subbasal, black pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, light yellow; palpus light yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 20C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 20D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum and scutellum dark brown (Fig. 20B). Mediotergite brown, anatergite with circular brown patches on venter, and katatergite yellow (Fig. 20E). Pleuron largely pale yellow, katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 20B). Haltere brown with pale yellow stalk. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments dark yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 20A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 20D). Acrostichal setulae lacking. Wing: Wing length 1.4 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 20A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 2.0-2.4. M4 disappear before reaching wing margin.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellowish brown (Fig. 20E). Genitalia: (Fig. 20G-J) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with a tubercle-like seta; inner-lateral margin with three tubercle-like setae (Fig. 20H). Surstylus elongated, broad basally, sparsely setose apically (Fig. 20H). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite comprising a pair of plate-like arms (Fig. 20H). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 20G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, cleft apically; upper lobe pointed apically, lower lobe rounded (Fig. 20I). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 20G, I). Basiphallus longer than mesophallus, dorsally sclerotized (Fig. 20G). Hypophallus broad, membranous, medially with a pair of fused sclerites (Fig. 20G, I). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus short, sclerotized dorsally and ventrally in basal 2/3; shorter than distiphallus (Fig. 20G, I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of tubules; basal half dorsally pigmented, with small ventral sclerite basally, distal half unpigmented and tapering toward tip (Fig. 20G, I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and narrow fan-shaped with long stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 20J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 20F). Similar to male, but slightly larger; scutum paler, abdomen dorsally paler, and legs paler than male. Wing length 1.7 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 20K) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name refers to the type locality, Iriomote Island.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Okinawasaihaigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Asterella liukiuensis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupating there (Fig. 20M-O).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The habitats of this species are rocky stream banks in subtropical evergreen forests (Fig. 20L).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan (Honshu). Recorded only from Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. 21).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. ugetsu ,  P. ricciae and  P. phaeocerotis in having a wholly dark scutum and yellow maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from  P. ugetsu by its small size (wing length 1.4 -1.7 mm in  P. iriomotensis ; 2.1-2.7 mm in  P. ugetsu in wing length), and from  P. ricciae and  P. phaeocerotis by the dark brown legs (legs pale brown in the latter two species). </p>
            <p> In Japan, six  Asterella species are distributed in limited areas in central Honshu and Okinawa and Yaeyama Islands, and almost all of them are endangered (Ministry of the Environment Japan 2015). It is remarkable that such rare liverwort species are associated with specific agromyzid species. </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Reboulia</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C29E49ECD8D5E1E8DF887380F61E994	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
4889FE470D595ABC85ADC98B34251F8D.text	4889FE470D595ABC85ADC98B34251F8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza izayoi Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 20.  Phytoliriomyza izayoi Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 40, 41</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a402), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref. (35.3261°N, 135.7239°E, 450 m asl), 8-V-2007 collected on thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis , NSMT-I-Dip 32003. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a262), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 28-XI-1999 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 17-IV-2000, NSMT-I-Dip 32004; 1♀ (MK-AG-520), Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 14-VII-2009 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 5-V-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32005; 1♂ (MK-AG-595), Mt. Hakusan, Hakusan, Ishikawa Pref., 3-V-2013 (as larva  C. orientalis ), emerged on 18-V-2013 NSMT-I-Dip 32006; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a249, 524), Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 2-IV-2011 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 18-20-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32007, 32007; 1♀ (MK-AG-574), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 17-III-2013 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 5-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32009; 1♀ (MK-AG-624), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2019 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 22-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32010; 1♀ (MK-AG-a392), Mt. Daimanji, Oki Is. Shimane Pref., 22-XI-2010 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 7-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32011; 1♀ (MK-AG-587), Gakuen-ji, Bessho, Izumo, Shimane Pref., 11-I-2010 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 14-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32012; 1♂ (MK-AG-a225), Koyadaira, Tokushima Pref., 22-IV-2019 (as larva on  C. orientalis ); emerged on 5-V-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32013. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 1♂1♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV-2012; 1♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 28-VI-2013. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum orientalis : 5♀, Shokan-zawa, Mashike, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV-6-V-2012; 1♂, Mt. Nanakura, Noshiro, Akita Pref., 14-X-2012 (as larva), emerged on 11-IV-2012; 1♂, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 24-I-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2012; 5♂10♀, Nekata, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 8-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 27-III-26-IV-2012; 1♀, Takeda-gawa, Maruoka, Sakai, Fukui Pref., 18-III-2014 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2014; 3♂2♀, Akka, Iwaizumi, Iwate Pref., 20-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 24-III-4-IV-2011; 2♂2♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 1-12-IV-2012; 3♂3♀, Seryo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 6-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-12-V-2010; 2♂3♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 17-III-2013 (as larva), emerged on 4-18-IV-2013; 3♂6♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 6-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2010; 1♂2♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 28-IV-2015 (as larva), emerged on 10-18-IV-2015; 1♀, Mt. Kanpu, Ino, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 10-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 30-II-2016. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♀, Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref., 14-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-2010; 1♀, Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 14-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2011; 1♂, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 94-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 24-V-2012. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.4-2.5 mm) having a pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and a pair of dark brown lateral stripes, a yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of 9-12 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 40A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow including ocellar tubercle and back of head (Fig. 40C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 40B). Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 40C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 40B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum yellow with a black medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural patches confluent with the medial stripe, and a pair of wide black bands (i.e., fused complex of intra-alar and supra-alar stripes) on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches (Fig. 40D). Scutellum yellow with lateral margins brown (Fig. 40A, B). Subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite brown, but katatergite yellow, anatergite yellow with distal brown patch (Fig. 40B). Pleuron yellow with brown patches on propleuron centrally and on distal margins of notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron (Fig. 40C). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 40A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 40D). Acrostichal setulae in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.4 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 40A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 0.87.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny grayish yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 40B). Genitalia: (Fig. 40G, K) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with one tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising 9-12 fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and an irregular row of several (3-5) small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 40J). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one (rarely 2 or 3) long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 40J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view, dorsal lobe with one seta (Fig. 40J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 40G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, and cleft apically (Fig. 40H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 40H, K). Basiphallus with dark broad lateral plate on left side and sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 40H). Hypophallus broad, membranous, and bilaterally asymmetrical; with a dark narrow sclerite on right side; medially with a pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 40K). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, 3/5 length of distiphallus, tapering distally (Fig. 40K). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark cuneiform sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented; with truncated, shortly flared unpigmented apex (Fig. 40H, K). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with short broad stalk and clear sperm pump (Fig. 40I).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 40E, F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 2.3&amp;nbsp;mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 41A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 41A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 41B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¼ length of cercus (Fig. 41B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 41A). </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb in the male genitalia varied from 9 to 12. Although the number varied among individuals within a population and even between left and right sides of the epandrium in an individual, and the number was generally greater in western Honshu and Shikoku than in northern regions.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name izayoi is a Japanese word meaning 16th moon, and refers to the non-circular yellow pattern of scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Izayoi-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 41G-I) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Fagus crenata ,  Quercus crispula and  Cryptomeria japonica (Fig. 41D-F). It is sympatric with  P. luteola and  P. conocephali in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The  female’s oviposition behavior on  C. orientalis thalli was observed on 1 July 2021 in a beech forest at Renge-Onsen. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (Fig. 39).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. islandica and  P. bornholmensis ; it is distinguished from them based on the following characters: lateral black bands terminate before reaching scutellum (lateral black bands confluent with scutellum in the latter two); male epandrium with a comb of 9-12 tubercle-like setae (6 in  P. islandica , 8 in  P. bornholmensis ); male epandrium with one tubercle-like seta on middle inner surface (1-2 on middle inner margin in  P. islandica ; three on inner margin in  P. bornholmensis ); basal half of distiphallus curved outward and with weaker medial region (basal half of distiphallus curved outward and without weaker medial region in  P. islandica ; angular and with weaker medial region in  P. bornholmensis ). This species also resembles  P. admirabilis recorded from Nepal; it is distinguished from the latter based on the following characters: halteres yellow (black in the latter); male genitalia lack paraphallus (paraphallus present in the latter); surstylus with one tubercle-like seta (without tubercle-like seta in the latter); ejaculatory apodeme with a short broad stalk (with a slender stalk in the latter). </p>
            <p> Among the Japanese species,  P. izayoi resembles  P. luna ,  P. chichibuensis , and  P. caliginosa in size and in having a pair of dark broad lateral bands on the scutum; it is distinguished from  P. luna by the dark-sided scutellum (scutellum only yellow in  P. luna ), from  P. chichibuensis and  P. caliginosa by the dark lateral bands not confluent with medial stripe (lateral bands confluent with medial stripe in the other species) and by the tubercle-like setae borne on the distal margin of the male epandrium (tubercle-like setae borne on inner surface of epandrium in the others). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4889FE470D595ABC85ADC98B34251F8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
3922282734A0505D9F066B46FD8A05CF.text	3922282734A0505D9F066B46FD8A05CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza lanternaria Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 31.  Phytoliriomyza lanternaria Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 58</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a290), Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref. (33.1114°N, 139.8271°E, 190 m asl), 17-II-2012 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 23-IV-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32071. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a5, a430, 730), same data as holotype, emerged on 8-IV-2-V-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32072-32074; 1♀ (MK-AG-a473), Anbo, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 30-III-2017 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 15-VII-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32075. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum orientalis : 2♂, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-VI-2021; 1♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-VI-2016; 3♂9♀, Hachijo Is., Tokyo Pref., 17-II-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-IV-2-V-2012; 1♀, Fuchigasawa, Kimitsu, Chiba Pref., 13-V-2008 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2013. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A medium-sized dark species (wing length 1.8-1.9 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum with mid-posterior yellow margin, yellow scutellum with dark lateral corners, black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and yellowish brown legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long ventrally directed tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a siku-shaped comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae.</p>
            <p> Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 58A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 58C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 58B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 58C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 58B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a small yellow patch along midposterior margin (Fig. 58D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner brown, subscutellum light yellow. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite light yellow (Fig. 58B). Pleuron yellow with brownish patches on venter of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron (Fig. 58C). Haltere yellow but light yellow basally. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler (Fig. 58A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 58B). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 58A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 58B). Genitalia: (Fig. 58F-I) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with a long, anteriorly directed, tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a siku-shaped comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae, which are reduced in length toward base of surstylus (Fig. 58H, I). Surstylus rounded, curved inwards, setose subapically, with one long tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 58H). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, each having a posterior lobe with trilobed projection and ventrally projected lateral plates (Fig. 58H). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 58F). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, pointed apically (Fig. 58F). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 58F, G). Basiphallus with pale broad plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 58F). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused, narrow, ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 58F, G). Paraphallus pale, membranous, and wing-like; posterior margins lightly sclerotized; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 58F, G). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 58G). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, widening toward truncated, flared apex (Fig. 58G). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with short broad stalk and clear sperm pump (Fig. 58F).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 58E, O). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 58J, K) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 58J). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 58K). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 58K). Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 58J).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Color pattern of scutum and subscutellum varied among localities. In specimens from Hachijo Island, the subscutellum had a large lateral dark corner.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (lanterna = lantern) refers to the faint yellow spot on the scutellum, which reminds us of a lantern light.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Tomoshibi-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum orientalis (  Conocephalaceae ) growing on mesic soils in various types of forests. </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 58M, N).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis cuspidata and cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula (Fig. 58L). It is sympatric with  P. luteola and  P. conocephali at some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Hachijo Island, and Yaku Island (Fig. 55).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. marchantiae ,  P. rebouliae , and  P. conocephali in having a small yellow mark lying between the posterior scutum and subscutellum, but is distinguished from them by its larger size (wing length ≥ 1.9 mm in  P. lanternaria ;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;1.8&amp;nbsp;mm in the other species). It is also distinguished from  P. marchantiae and  P. rebouliae by the absence of a tubercle-like seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium, and from  P. conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (7 in  P. lanternaria ; 5-6 in  P. conocephali ). This species resembles  P. alpicola in the color patterns of the scutum, but is distinguished from the latter by its gray scutum (scutum darker in  P. alpicola ), dark-sided scutellum (scutum dark only on a marginal narrow lateral area in  P. alpicola ), and number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium (a siku-shaped comb composed of seven differently sized setae in  P. lanternaria ; a comb composed of six equally long setae in  P. alpicola ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3922282734A0505D9F066B46FD8A05CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
37EBF15E01AC5AB8A65F13945BB01B43.text	37EBF15E01AC5AB8A65F13945BB01B43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza longifurcae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 14.  Phytoliriomyza longifurcae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 27, 28</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a500), Sui, Anan, Tokushima Pref. (33.9044°N, 134.5391°E, 40 m asl), 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 14-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31968. Paratypes: Japan: 3♀ (MK-AG-a497-499), same data as holotype, emerged on 14-17-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31969-31971.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 4♂3♀, Kamihirayama, Tatsuyama, Tenryu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 18-28-IV-2011; 1♂1♀, Chiromo, Toyotama, Tsushima, Nagasaki Pref., 28-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2011; 2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 20-VI-2016 (as larva), emerged on 14-VII-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized species (wing length 1.5-1.6 mm) having a subshiny yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral black stripes, yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising six fused long tubercle-like setae, and inner-subdistally with an extremely elongated arm, which apically bears two dark, diverging, ventrally curved, tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 27A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 27C). Antenna porrect, yellow. Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons with brownish reflective pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 27C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 27B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny yellow. Scutum with medial black stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural spots confluent with the medial stripe, a pair of narrow black supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider black intra-alar stripes, which adjoin the pair of lateral presutural black suborbicular spots (Fig. 27D). Mediotergite brown, anatergite yellow, katatergite brown (Fig. 27E). Pleuron largely yellow (the background color sometimes grayish in some localities); propleuron with small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; anepisternum with two small spots on anterior and posterior corners; anepimeron with a narrow brown patch on anterior corner; katepisternum and meron with brown patches on venter (Fig. 27B). Haltere yellow, while dorsal surface grayish yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 27D). Acrostichal setulae five pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 1.5 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 27A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.6.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow (Fig. 27E). Genitalia: (Fig. 27H-L) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-lateral margin with a row of four short tubercle-like setae; inner-subdistal margin with an extremely elongated arm, bearing two, dark, ventrally curved, tubercle-like setae borne at wide angle (90-120°); inner-basal surface with a comb comprising 4-6 fused tubercle-like setae (Fig. 27K). Surstylus lobate, directed inwards, setose apically, with one short tubercle-like seta subapically (Fig. 27K). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of flat, pale, ventral lobes, each of which bearing a long seta subapically (Fig. 27K). Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 27H). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, cleft apically; upper lobe pointed apically (Fig. 27K). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 27I), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 27J). Basiphallus dorsally sclerotized with basal expanded lobes (Fig. 27I, J). Hypophallus broad, lightly sclerotized, lateral lobes expanded anteriorly like wings, clear tubule emerging from median part (Fig. 27I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, constricted subapically. Paraphalli membranous, rounded and expanded ventrally, bilaterally asymmetrical; right one larger than left one (Fig. 27I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of lateral dark lanceolate sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, flared clear apex (Fig. 27J). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 27L).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 27F, G). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 1.6&amp;nbsp;mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 28A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 28A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 28B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¾ length of cercus (Fig. 28B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 28A). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (longus = long, furca = fork) refers to extremely elongated, apically biforked tubercle-like seta on the male epandrium.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Sasumata-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 28E, F).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 28D). This species is rarer than  P. argentifasciata , and sympatric with the latter in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku (Fig. 26).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. argentifasciata and  P. nigroflava in having two pair of dark lateral bands on the scutum, and a yellow 1st flagellomere and yellow haltere; it is distinguished from  P. argentifasciata by the black lateral stripes (inner bands reflecting silverly in sunlight in  P. argentifasciata ), from  P. nigroflava by the absence of an extremely extended, forked tubercle-like seta on the subdistal margin of the male epandrium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/37EBF15E01AC5AB8A65F13945BB01B43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
5C4DC8101BD850B2ACDA588EEB5E8911.text	5C4DC8101BD850B2ACDA588EEB5E8911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza luna Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 19.  Phytoliriomyza luna Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 37, 38</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a401), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. (35.6327°N, 138.3519°E, 1110 m asl), 10-XII-2016 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 8-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31997. Paratypes: Japan: 1 ♀ (MK-AG-512), same data as holotype; emerged on 8-IV-2017 NSMT-I-Dip 31998; 1♂ (MK-AG-a245), Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva on  C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 21-VI-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 31999; 1♂ (MK-AG-493), Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 11-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32000; 1♀ (MK-AG-591), Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 14-IV-2012 (as larva on  C. purpureorubrum ), emerged on 4-V-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32001; 1♀ (MK-AG-a362), Mt. Kiyosumi, Kamogawa, Chiba Pref.2, 31-III-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 23-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32002. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 3♂3♀, Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 10-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 6-11-VI-2011; 2♀, Mt. Upepesanke, Shihoro, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 15-18-VI-2010; 1♂1♀, Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 7-VI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 21-26-VI-2010;; 1♂, Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2012; 4♂10♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 26-III-11-IV-2016; 1♀, Nakabusa-onsen, Azumino, Nagano Pref., 9-VI-2013 (as larva), emerged on 29-IV-2013; 1♂2♀, Shirahone-onsen, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., 15-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on 18-25-IV-2013. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 1♂1♀, Yachi, Kawaba, Gunma Pref., 15-X-2013 (as larva), emerged on 4-10-IV-2014; 1♂2♀, Haccho-toge, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 27-III-16-IV-2010. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large yellow species (wing length 2.7-2.9 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and a pair of dark brown lateral stripes, entirely yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb consisting of 7-9 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 37A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely yellow including ocellar tubercle and back of head (Fig. 37C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 37B). Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 37C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 37B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum yellow with a black medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of black suborbicular presutural patches confluent with the medial stripe, and a pair of wide black bands (i.e., fused complex of intra-alar and supra-alar stripes) on anterior 7/8, which is confluent with the presutural patches (Fig. 37D). Scutellum and subscutellum entirely yellow (Fig. 37D). Mediotergite brown, but katatergite yellow, anatergite yellow with distal brown patch (Fig. 37E). Pleuron yellow with brown patches on propleuron centrally and on distal margins of anepisternum, katepisternum, and meron (Fig. 37B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 37B). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 37D). Acrostichal setulae 8-10 pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 37A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 37E). Genitalia: (Fig. 37G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with one tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising 7-9 fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and an irregular row of several (4-7) small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 37I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one (rarely 2 or 3) tubercle-like seta ventrally (Fig. 37I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped (Fig. 37I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 37H). Postgonite bare, rounded apically, cleft subapically (Fig. 37K). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 37H). Basiphallus dorsally sclerotized (Fig. 37H). Hypophallus broad, membranous, with one pair of dark narrow long sclerites along margins; medially with one pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 37G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, 3/5 shorter than distiphallus, tapering distally (Fig. 37H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules parallel to each other at base; basal half composed of ventral dark subrectangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented; apex truncated, shortly flared unpigmented (Fig. 37H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with short broad stalk, stout base, and clear sperm pump (Fig. 37J).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 37F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider, black lateral stripes of scutum wider and almost confluent with medial stripe. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 37L-N) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 37L). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 37M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ¼ length of cercus (Fig. 37M). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 37N). </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb in the male genitalia varies from 7 to 9, but the variation did not involve in a geographical cline.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name refers to the moon; a clear, rounded, yellow pattern on the scutum was likened to a full moon.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Meigetsu-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 38C, D) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in subalpine coniferous forests dominated by  Abies spp.,  Picea spp., and  Betula spp. (Fig. 38A-B). This species was sympatric with  P. nigroflava in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku (Fig. 39).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The characteristics of this species and the following three related species (  P. izayoi ,  P. chichibuensis , and  P. caliginosa ) coincide with those of  Lemurimyza described by Spencer (1965). These four new species can be distinguished from the four species previously placed in  Lemurimyza species (  P. enormis (Spencer, 1963),  P. admirabilis (Spencer, 1965),  P. dorsata , and  P. pectoralis (Becker, 1908)) by the following characteristics: halteres yellow; maxillary palpus yellow; 1st flagellomere black; scutum with one pair of dark lateral bands. </p>
            <p> This species also resembles  P. islandica and  P. bornholmensis recorded respectively from Iceland and Denmark; it is distinguished from them by the lateral black bands terminating before reaching the scutellum (lateral black bands confluent with scutellum in the other two species); scutellum entirely yellow (scutellum with dark bands on lateral margins in the other two); male epandrium with a comb of 7-9 tubercle-like setae (6 in  P. islandica , 8 in  P. bornholmensis ); male epandrium with one tubercle-like seta on middle inner surface (1 or 2 setae on middle inner margin in  P. islandica ; 3 setae along inner margin in  P. bornholmensis ); basal half of distiphallus curved outward and with weaker medial region (basal half of distiphallus curved outward and without weaker medial region in  P. islandica ; angular and with weaker medial region in  P. bornholmensis ). </p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. pacifica reported from North America but is distinguished by having a single pair of lateral bands on the scutum (two pairs of lateral stripes in  P. pacifica ), the number of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium (7-9 in  P. luna ; 6 in  P. pacifica ), and position of the isolated tubercle-like seta on the inner surface of the male epandrium (distal margin in  P. luna ; basal inner surface in  P. pacifica ). </p>
            <p> Among Japanese species, this species resembles  P. izayoi ,  P. chichibuensis , and  P. caliginosa , in size and in having a pair of dark broad lateral bands on scutum; it is distinguished from them by the wholly yellow scutellum (scutellum with dark bands on lateral margins in the other species). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C4DC8101BD850B2ACDA588EEB5E8911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
5B4B5EE7E88D522D93BAA57B159DDE3D.text	5B4B5EE7E88D522D93BAA57B159DDE3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza luteola Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 27.  Phytoliriomyza luteola Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 51</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a407), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. (35.6327°N, 138.3519°E, 1110 m asl), 25-III-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32051. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a241), type locality, 15-V-2018 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 31-V-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32052; 2♀ (MK-AG-a1, 666), type locality, 10-XII-2016 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32053, 32054; 1♀ (MK-AG-319), Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva on  C. salebrosum ), emerged on 11-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32055; 1♀ (MK-AG-a263), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 28-IV-2010 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 30-V-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32056. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Conocephalum salebrosum : 3♂3♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-15-VI-2019; 1♂1♀, Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VI-2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-26-VI-2021; 4♂5♀, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 5-13-VI-2021; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-22-V-2021; 3♂3♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-1-V-2016; 13♂9♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 11-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-19-VI-2021; 4♂4♀, Shirahone-onsen, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., 14-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 9-17-VI-2011; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-V-2012; 1♂4♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30-31-V-2012; 2♂, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 27-V-2014; 1♂1♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-IX-2014 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-1-V-2014;. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂1♀, Nakanomata, Hachimori, Yatsumine, Aomori Pref., 6-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-6-V-2014; 6♂12♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 7-V-4-VI-2012; 1♂1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13-18-V-2011; 3♂4♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 15-20-IV-2012; 2♂3♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-12-V-2017; 41♂42♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-IV-2021; 7♂8♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref.2, 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2-V-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 2♂3♀: Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-21-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Toyoni-gawa, Erimo, Toyoizumi, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-26-VI-2021; 4♀, Eniwa-keikoku, Eniwa, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-6-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-27-VI-2021; 3♂6♀, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma, Miyagi Pref., 25-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-5-V-2016; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-21-V-2021; 2♀, Nakabusa-onsen, Azumino, Nagano Pref., 5-V-2016 (as larva), emerged on 8-VI-2016; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-V-2012; 2♂3♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 26-V-5-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 25-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2011; 2♂2♀, Yugashima, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-18-IV-2012; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13-18-V-2011. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.0 mm) having pruinose, entirely yellow scutum and scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 3-5 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis , and  C. purpureorubrum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 51A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 51C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 51B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 51C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 51B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with medial pale brownish stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow pale brownish supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider, pale brownish intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural pale brownish ovoid spots (Fig. 51D). Scutellum, subscutellum, mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite yellow (Fig. 51D). Pleuron entirely yellow (Fig. 51B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 51A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 51D). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 51A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown (Fig. 51E). Genitalia: (Fig. 51G-K) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with an elongated tubercle-like seta, whose tip is slightly spread and flattened; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising three to five fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and a row of 1-3 short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 51I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior basal margin (Fig. 51I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 51G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 51J). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 51G). Basiphallus with broad plate on left side and with lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 51G, H). Hypophallus membranous, covered with microtrichia ventrally; with margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of dark fused, dorsally incurved narrow sclerites (Fig. 51J). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 51G). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented; widening toward inflated, truncated apex (Fig. 51J). Ejaculatory apodeme pale, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base widened to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 51K).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 51F). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider., mediotergite sometimes brownish. Wing length 1.9 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 51L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends.</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varied from 3 to 5 among localities, with the specimens from northern populations and at high altitudes having fewer tubercle-like setae.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (luteola = yellow) refers to totally yellow body of the species.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kiiro-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum ,  C. orientalis and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 51O).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks, mesic slopes and stone wall in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by  Quercus crispula ,  Aesculus turbinata , and  Pterocarya rhoifolia (Fig. 51N). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 50).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. pallidofasciata and  P. helva in having wholly yellow body; it is distinguished from  P. pallidofasciata by the absence of two pairs of pale brown lateral stripes, and from  P. helva by the color of the 1st flagellomere (black in  P. luteola ; yellow in  P. helva ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B4B5EE7E88D522D93BAA57B159DDE3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
190EAA651A7051A2B2CEABEBB1717315.text	190EAA651A7051A2B2CEABEBB1717315.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza marchantiae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 4.  Phytoliriomyza marchantiae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 6, 7</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a320), Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido (42.187765°N, 140.122182°E, 190 m asl), 2-VI-2021 (as larva on  Marchantia paleacea paleacea ), emerged on 17-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31903. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a484, a485, a442), same data as holotype, emerged on 18-VI-3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31904-31906; 1♂ (MK-AG-a322), Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., 11-VII-2021 (as larva on  M. p. paleacea ), emerged on 5-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31907; 1♂ (MK-AG-a321), Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 (as larva on  M. p. paleacea ), emerged on 27-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31908; 1♀ (MK-AG-302), Umegashima, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 5-I-2014 (as larva on  M. p. diptera ), emerged on?-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31909; 1♂ (MK-AG-a356), Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 20-III-2000 (as larva on  M. p. diptera ), emerged on 17-IV-2000, NSMT-I-Dip 31910; 1♂ (MK-AG-a355), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 11-VI-2021 (as larva on  M. polymorpha ), emerged on 21-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31911; 1♂ (MK-AG-a358), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on  M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31912. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Marchantia paleacea paleacea : 22♂16♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 9-VI-7-VII-2021; 38♂44♀, Renge-onsen, Itoigawa, Niigata Pref., I-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 29-VII-9-VIII-2021; 2♂1♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-31-V-2021; 2♂4♀, Kanna-gawa, Nakatsugawa, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 14-XI-2010 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-2010; 2♂1♀, Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Pref., 27-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-21-V-2021; 5♂5♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 25-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-V-1-VI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Marchantia paleacea diptera : 2♂3♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-27-VI-2021; 1♂5♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-8-V-2014; 3♂5♀, Kuchisakamoto, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-26-VI-2021; 6♂8♀, Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-6-V-2014; 2♂4♀, Tosayama, Kochi, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 23-28-IV-2011; 1♂3♀, Mt. Nabejiri, Taga, Shiga Pref., 4-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-V-15-VI-2021; 6♂3♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-10-VII-2021; 2♂3♀, Iya-kei, Ikeda, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 1-II-2014 (as larva), emerged on 4-4-V-2014; 2♂5♀, Okujisso, Isa, Kagoshima Pref., 17-XII-2017 (as larva), emerged on 22-30-III-2012. </p>
            <p> On  Marchantia polymorpha : 1♀, Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VI-2021; 7♂2♀, Odarumi, Makioka, Yamanashi Pref., 30-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-VII-4-VII-2021; 5♂15♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 31-XII-2013 (as larva), emerged on?-V-2013. </p>
            <p> On  Marchantia papillata grossibarba : 2♂1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VII-2021; 3♂5♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-10-VII-2021; 2♂1♀, Seikandoro, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-VII-4-VIII-2021; 1♀, Nagabuchi, Ume, Saeki, Oita Pref., 29-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2011. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized species (wing length 1.6-1.8 mm) having dark gray scutum, dark-cornered yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, black maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising seven or eight fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Marchantia spp. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 6A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, frons light yellow, back of head dark brown (Fig. 6C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 6B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a dark gray medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of dark gray lateral stripes, and with narrow yellow patch along posterior margin (Fig. 6D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corners widely brownish. Subscutellum brown with anterior margin light yellow. Mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite dark brown. Pleuron largely yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; notopleuron with brown narrow spot along anterior lower margin; anepisternum and anepimeron with brown venters; katepisternum and meron with dark brown patches on venter (Fig. 6B). Haltere yellowish gray, with yellow stalk. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brown; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 6A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 6D). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs largely in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.6-1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 6A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.6-1.8.</p>
            <p> Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown (Fig. 6E). Genitalia: (Fig. 6G-M) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically, inner-lateral surface medially with one tubercle-like setae; inner-anterior surface ventrally with a comb comprising eight fused long tubercle-like setae; ventral margin with a row of several minute tubercle-like setae (Fig. 6I, L). Surstylus subrectangular, setose apically. Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of spines and one pair of plate-like ventral processes; tips hook-like (Fig. 6I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin. Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 6H). Phallophorus with shallow incision below (Fig. 6J), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 6H, K). Basiphallus with subtriangular dorsal sclerite; 2/3  × as long as mesophallus (Fig. 6H, K). Hypophallus subtriangular membranous, lined with numerous microtrichia ventrally, medially with a pair of fused linear pale sclerites (Fig. 6H, K). Paraphalli consisting of a pair of incurved narrow pigmented sclerites and a pair of triangular plate-like pigmented sclerites (Fig. 6H, K). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly longer than distiphallus (Fig. 6H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark scalpel-shaped sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 6H, K). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, blade pale with apical half clear; sclerite of sperm pump with lateral extension; sperm pump clear (Fig. 6M). </p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 6I-K). Similar to male, but scutellum darker than male (Fig. 6F). Wing length 1.6 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 7A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 7A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 7B). Cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ½ length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular (Fig. 7A). </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The yellow patch on posterior scutum slightly varied from distinct to obscure ones among localities but not among host liverwort species/subspecies (Fig, 6F-K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to host plant genus,  Marchantia . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Uzumibi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> The main host plants are  Marchantia paleacea paleacea and  M. p. diptera (  Marchantiaceae ), with  M. polymorpha and  M. papillata grossibarba also recorded as host in some localities. </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus, particularly in the midrib, and pupate in the mined thalli (Fig. 7D, E, G, H).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> Marchantia paleacea paleacea grows on rocky substrates of cliffs, slopes and riverbanks in cool temperate deciduous forests (Fig. 7C) and  Marchantia p. diptera in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 7F). While these subspecies are frequently utilized by  P. marchantiae , they are never utilized by the other three  Marchantia -associated species,  P. igniculus ,  P. tsukuyomi , and  P. nubatama .  P. marchantiae is also recorded from  M. polymorpha in cool temperate forests and  M. papillata grossibarba in warm temperate evergreen forests in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is multivoltine. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. rebouliae ,  P. lanternaria , and  P. conocephali in the narrow yellow posterior margin of the scutum and medial yellow stripe of the scutellum; it is distinguished from  P. rebouliae by number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (8 in  P. marchantiae ; 7 in  P. rebouliae ), from  P. lanternaria and  P. conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium (0 in  P. marchantiae ; 1-2 in  P. lanternaria and  P. conocephali ). </p>
            <p> This species also resembles  Phytoliriomyza miki (Strobl, 1898) in color pattern of the scutum and morphology of the male genitalia; it is distinguished from the latter by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium (8 in  P. marchantiae ; 5 in  P. miki ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190EAA651A7051A2B2CEABEBB1717315	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
B329DE62E344544C9E074C524418D728.text	B329DE62E344544C9E074C524418D728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza megacerotis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 38.  Phytoliriomyza megacerotis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 72, 73</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a417), Kotonotaki, Susami, Wakayama Pref. (33.5639°N, 135.5437°E, 200 m asl), 24-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32114. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a479, a480, a14), same data as holotype, emerged on 30-IV-2-V-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32115-32117; 1♀ (MK-AG-146), Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32118; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-154, a15), Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 31-VII-2015 (as larva), emerged on 3-IX-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32119-32120.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 8♂9♀, Kotonotaki, Susami, Wakayama Pref., 24-III-2020 (as larva), emerged on 31-I-2-V-2020; 16♂28♀, Yasukawa-keikoku, Tanabe, Wakayama Pref., 31-VII-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-VIII-2-IX-2020; 1♀, Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref., 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VIII-2021; 9♂25♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 22-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-30-IV-10-V-2020; 1♀, Isso, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12-V-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.2-1.4 mm) having a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, black maxillary palpus, dark gray halteres, and dark gray legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae; surstylus with a comb comprising five or six fused long tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of a riparian hornwort,  Megaceros flagellaris . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 72A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head dark yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, and back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 72C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 72B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons brownish yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Clypeus narrow, brown with apical half yellow; slightly protruding. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena dark yellow (Fig. 72C). Proboscis normal, light yellow; palpus dark brown, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 72B). Orbital setulae minute and proclinate, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose, dark gray. Scutum pruinose, dark brown; scutellum pruinose, brown; subscutellum light yellow (Fig. 72D). Mediotergite subshiny, dark brown, anatergite and katatergite brown (Fig. 72E). Pleuron largely dark yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown patch; propleuron with a small brown patch on anterior corner; notopleuron yellowish brown; anepisternum dark yellow with lower-half yellowish brown; anepimeron with anterior brown patch; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 72B). Haltere brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments dark brown; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 72A); distal half of coxa and basal half of femur of foreleg pale yellow frontally (Fig. 72C). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 72D). Acrostichal setae two or three pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 72A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.6-1.8.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium brown (Fig. 72E). Genitalia: (Fig. 72G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; distal margin with several long setae; inner-basal margin with a comb comprising five or six fused dark long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 72H). Surstylus rounded, apically with a comb comprising five or six fused dark long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 72H). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite dark, with a pair of pale, elongated, fused, plate-like dorsal lobes (Fig. 72H). Hypandrium thin, sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 72G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, cleft apically (Fig. 72G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 72J). Basiphallus membranous, with dorsal surface sclerotized. Hypophallus small, with a pair of asymmetrical narrow sclerites; the left one is longer than the right one (Fig. 72G, J). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus cylindrical, with a pair of dorsolateral sclerites (Fig. 72J). Distiphallus comprising one pair of tubules; the tubules adjoining only at the base, tapering toward tip, with outer-lateral sides pigmented, extending up to half point of phallapodeme, becoming paler apically (Fig. 72J). Ejaculatory apodeme brownish, spatula-shaped with short, broad stalk; base dark and wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 72I).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 72F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 1.4 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 72K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 72K). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 72L). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 72L). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 72K).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 73D) Puparium internal, slender, brown, and slightly flattened, with posterior 1/3 tapering.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the host plant genus  Megaceros . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Ananashitsunogoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Megaceros flagellaris (  Dendrocerotaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in and rarely out of the mines (Fig. 73C-E).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are watersides along river banks or near water fall in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis sieboldii (Fig. 73B), and is unique in that the host hornworts are always wet due to splashed water (Fig. 73A). Our rearing records suggest that this species is at least bivoltine, with adults emerging in May and August. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Kyushu and Yaku Island (Fig. 71).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. suetsugui and  P. ricciae in having a wholly dark scutum and dark maxillary palpus, but is distinguished from them by the color of the pedicel and scape of the antenna (dark in  P. megacerotis ; yellow in  P. suetsugui and  P. ricciae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B329DE62E344544C9E074C524418D728	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
2AA427AB452E5FE5BEEAB5696048C57E.text	2AA427AB452E5FE5BEEAB5696048C57E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza nigroflava Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 24.  Phytoliriomyza nigroflava Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 46, 47</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a300), Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido (43.640°N, 143.048°E, 820 m asl), 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32031. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a467, a22), Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2020 (as larva), emerged on 8-12-VII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32032, 32033; 2♂ (MK-AG- a301, a468), Shirabiso-toge, Kamimura, Iida, Nagano Pref., 17-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32034, 32035; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a469, a302), Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 11-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 21-24-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32036, 32037.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 7♂12♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-22-VII-2021; 2♂4♀, Aizankei, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 4-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 26-V-2-VI-2011; 2♂6♀, Yuni-ishikari-gawa, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2020 (as larva), emerged on 5-14-VII-2020; 10♂4♀, Nozuka-toge, Urakawa, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 5-18-VI-2021; 1♂2♀, Mt. Tengu, Jozan-kei, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-10-VI-2021; 2♂1♀, Jozan-kei, Minami-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-19-VI-2021; 1♂, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-VI-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 2.2-2.3 mm) uniquely having sexual dimorphism in color of the 1st flagellomere: male yellow, female black. The adult has a pruinose yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of black stripes, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a long tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 6-8 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum salebrosum . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 46A-C).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, with ocellar tubercle pale brown and back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 46C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere yellow, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 46A). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow (Fig. 46C). Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 46C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 46B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum yellow with medial black stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow black supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider black intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural black ovoid spots (Fig. 46B). Scutellum and subscutellum yellow. Mediotergite brown, katatergite yellow, and anatergite yellow with venter brown (Fig. 46A). Pleuron yellow with postpronotal lobe faintly brown anteriorly, venter of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 46A). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 46A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 46B). Acrostichal setulae 8-10 pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 46A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.2.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown (Fig. 46A). Genitalia: (Fig. 46H-L) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with a long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising 6-8 fused long tubercle-like setae and an irregular row of several (2-4) small tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 46I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one (rarely 2) long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 46I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in posterior view; dorsal lobe with one seta (Fig. 46I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 46H). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, pointed and cleft apically (Fig. 46L). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 46H). Basiphallus with pale broad lateral plate on left side and lightly sclerotized dorsal margin (Fig. 46H). Hypophallus hood-shaped, membranous; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of dark fused sclerites incurved ventrally, which have small lateral transparent wings (Fig. 46H, I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 46I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, constricted subdistally; with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 46I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with hammerhead-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 46K).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 46D-G). Similar to male, but larger, first flagellomere black with yellowish base; pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 46F). Wing length 2.32 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 47A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 47A). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 47B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 47B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 47A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The color of the lateral stripes on the scutum varies among populations, with specimens in the southern population having darker stripes. The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb in male genitalia varies from 5 to 7 among localities.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (nigra = black, flava = yellow) refers to heterosexually different colors of flagellomere: precisely, the male and female of this species have a yellow and a black flagellomere, respectively.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Murasame-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum salebrosum and  C. purpureorubrum (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 47E-H).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are mesic slopes in subalpine coniferous forests dominated by  Abies spp.,  Picea spp. And  Betula spp. (Fig. 47C, D). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Fig. 45). The distribution is restricted in cool-temperate subalpine forests in high altitudes.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is unique in that male and female respectively has yellow and black 1st flagellomere of antenna; intersexual color dimorphism in 1st flagellomere was observed only in this species among the studied species. This species resembles  P. brunofasciata and  P. pallidofasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on scutum and similar genitalia; it is distinguished from them by the color of the two pairs of dark lateral stripes (black in  P. nigroflava ; brown in  P. brunofasciata ; pale brown in  P. pallidofasciata ). It also resembles  P. bifasciata in having black stripes on scutum; it is distinguished from the latter by the morphology of surstylus of male genitalia (rounded in  P. nigroflava ; elongated in  P. bifasciata ) and the number of the black stripes (two pairs in  P. nigroflava ; one pair in  P. bifasciata ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AA427AB452E5FE5BEEAB5696048C57E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
2120AFBE634750BEB76E25D25A4D841B.text	2120AFBE634750BEB76E25D25A4D841B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza nubatama Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 5.  Phytoliriomyza nubatama Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 8, 9</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a413), Mt. Mihara, Hachijo Is. Tokyo Pref. (33.11383°N, 139.82415°E, 170m), 17-II-2012 (as larva on  Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba ), emerged on 23-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31913. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-323), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31914; 1♀ (MK-AG-a379), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on  M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 9-VI-2021, NMNS; 1♀ (MK-AG-a383), Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on  M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 10-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31916; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a456, a359), Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva on  M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 21-22-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31917, 31918; 1♀ (MK-AG-344), Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva on  M. pinnata ), emerged on 27-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31919. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Marchantia papillata grossibarba : 9♂9♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-VI-2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 29-VII-9-VIII-2021; 6♂6♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-16-VI-2021; 2♂, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 27-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 9-XII-2017; 5♂1♀, Nagabuchi, Ume, Saeki, Oita Pref., 29-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-5-V-2011; 1♂9♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-25-V-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba : 2♀, Takae, Higashi-son, Kunigami, Okinawa Pref., 11-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-28-XI-2021; 2♂2♀, Nagura, Ishigaki Is., Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 13-XI-16-XII-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Marchantia pinnata : 1♀, Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-2016. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small black species (wing length 1.3-1.6 mm) having subshiny black scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and brownish legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae, and surstylus with a comb comprising three fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba ,  M. papillata grossibarba and  M. pinnata . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 8A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar triangle yellow but ocellar tubercle dark brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 8C). Frons light yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Antenna porrect, first flagellomere dark brown, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, pale yellow; palpus dark yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 8B). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 8B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum black. Scutellum black, medially with a small, obscure yellow patch; subscutellum black, anterior margin light yellow (Fig. 8D). Mediotergite dark brown, anatergite and katatergite light yellow. Pleuron largely light yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown patch; notopleuron brownish yellow; anepisternum and anepimeron grayish yellow with brown spots on venters; katepisternum an meron with large dark brown patches on venter (Fig. 8B). Haltere light yellow, stalk grayish yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brown; basal half of femur brownish yellow. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 8D). Acrostichal setulae five pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.3&amp;nbsp;mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 8A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.0-1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny dark brown. Genitalia: (Fig. 8G-L) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically, inner-lateral surface with a comb comprising seven or eight fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 8I). Surstylus rounded; curved inwards, only sparsely setose apically; with a comb comprising three long fused tubercle-like setae on posterior margin (Fig. 8I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of pale, broad, plate-like ventral process (Fig. 8I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 8G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, and cleft apically; upper lobe pointed apically (Fig. 8K). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 8G), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus. Basiphallus 1/2 length of mesophallus (Fig. 8H). Basiphallus with narrow plate-like dorsal sclerite (Fig. 8H). Hypophallus membranous with lateral margins lightly sclerotized, medially with a pair of fused linear ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 8H, L). Paraphallus membranous supported by a pair of narrow plate-like pigmented sclerites (Fig. 8H, L). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, S-curved in lateral view, longer than distiphallus (Fig. 8H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; each cylindrical, with a weak constriction medially, dorsally and laterally pigmented; with truncated apex; opening with indentation (Fig. 8H). Ejaculatory apodeme wide fan-shaped with narrow stalk and stout base; sperm pump clear with ventral sclerotized bar (Fig. 8J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 8F). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.4-1.6 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 9A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 9A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 9B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 9B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular (Fig. 9A).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name nubatama is a Japanese word meaning glossy black seed of the blackberry lily (  Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt &amp; Mabb.), to which morphology of adult  fly’s scutum of this species is likened. </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Nubatama-tosazenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba ,  M. papillata grossibarba and  M. pinnata (  Marchantiaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus, and pupate in the midrib of the mined thalli (Fig. 9D-G).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The main habitats of this species are river banks where  Marchantia papillata grossibarba grew on rocky substrate (Fig. 9C). In Izu Islands and Ryukyu Islands, the host plant species  Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba is found on damp banking and levee of paddy fields. Our rearing records suggest that this species is multivoltine. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Amami, Okinawa and Yaeyama Islands (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. foliocerotis in glossy black scutum and black scutellum with small yellow spot; it is distinguished from the latter by the black 1st flagellomere (yellow in  P. foliocerotis ). </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Dumortiera</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2120AFBE634750BEB76E25D25A4D841B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
D6B141576CCE5DCB81FD78514B4D73F6.text	D6B141576CCE5DCB81FD78514B4D73F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza pallidofasciata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 26.  Phytoliriomyza pallidofasciata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 49</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a519), Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref. (33.8907°N, 134.4580°E, 310 m asl), 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32045. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a538, a520, a537), same data as holotype, emerged on 27-IV-1-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32046-32048; 1♀ (MK-AG-676), Asahi-daki, Shuzenji, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 32049; 1♀ (MK-AG-a240) Mt. Ichifusa, Mizukami, Kuma, Kumamoto Pref., 14-XII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 22-III-2013, NSMT-I-Dip 32050.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 3♂1♀, Momiki, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on?-VI-2015; 2♂, Yoro-keikoku, Otaki, Isumi, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 18-20-IV-2016; 1♂2♀, Amagi-toge, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 19-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 8-V-3-VI-2021; 2♂2♀, Kuki, Owase, Mie Pref., 29-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 9-30-IV-2019; 1♀, Takinohai, Kozagawa, Wakayama Pref., 13-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2014; 2♀, Wabuka, Kushimoto, Wakayama Pref., 4-V-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-IV-2012; 7♂8♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref., 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-20-V-2021; 1♂2♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 25-IV-2011; 3♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 1-13-V-2016; 1♂, Amagi-toge, Izu, Kaeda-keikoku, Kagamisu, Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref. Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.0 mm) having pruinose yellow scutum with two pairs of pale brown stripes, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 3-5 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 49A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 49C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 49B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 49C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 49B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with a medial brownish yellow stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow pale brown supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider pale brown intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural pale brown ovoid spots (Fig. 49B). Scutellum, subscutellum, mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite yellow (Fig. 49E). Pleuron entirely yellow (Fig. 49B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 49D). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 49A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown (Fig. 49E). Genitalia: (Fig. 49) Epandrium rounded apically;inner-lateral surface with an elongated tubercle-like seta, whose tip papillate; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six or seven fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and a row of 2-5 short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 49J). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 49J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view; dorsal lobe plate-like, with a pair of setae basally (Fig. 49J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 49G). Postgonite bare and goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 49G). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 49G, I). Basiphallus with broad plate on left side and lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 49G). Hypophallus membranous, covered with microtrichia ventrally; with margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of dark fused, ventrally incurved narrow sclerites; a small tubule protruding ventrally from subdistal center of the membrane (Fig. 49I). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 49I). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented, with inflated, truncated apex (Fig. 49I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 49H).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 49F). Similar to male, mediotergite sometimes brownish. Wing length 1.9 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 49L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 49L). Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 49M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 49M). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 49L).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The color of the lateral stripes on the scutum varied among populations, but a geographical cline was not observed. The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varied from 5 to 6 among localities.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (pallidus = pale, fascia = stripe) refers to the two pairs of pale brown stripes on the scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kirisame-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum orientalis (  Conocephalaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 49N-P).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis cuspidata and  Quercus glauca . Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Fig. 50).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. nigroflava ,  P. brunofasciata , and  P. bifasciata in having two pairs of dark lateral stripes on the scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of the stripes (pale brown in  P. pallidofasciata ; black in  P. nigroflava ; brown in  P. brunofasciata ; inner pairs black and outer pairs pale brown in  P. bifasciata . This species also resembles  P. luteola in having wholly yellow body; it is distinguished from the latter by having two pairs of lateral stripes on the scutum (absent in  P. luteola ), and by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (4-5 in  P. pallidofasciata ; 3-4 in  P. luteola ). The locality records of  P. pallidofasciata are concentrated along southern sea coasts, while those of  P. luteola are scattered in higher altitudes and in northern areas. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6B141576CCE5DCB81FD78514B4D73F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
D6949971FB2358D2A867C02605D5CA43.text	D6949971FB2358D2A867C02605D5CA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza phaeocerotis Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 39.  Phytoliriomyza phaeocerotis Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 74, 75</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-150), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref. (35.0931°N, 135.7900°E, 150 m asl), 16-XI-2017 (as larva on  Notothylas temperata ), emerged on 2-I-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32121. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ (MK-AG-a481, a483, a482), same data as holotype, emerged on 24-XI-2017-5-I-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32122-32124; 1♀ (MK-AG-135), type locality, 22-IV-2016 (as larva on  Phaeoceros carolinianus ), emerged on 10-V-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32125; 1♀ (MK-AG-a10), type locality, 15-XI-2019 (as larva on  Ph. carolinianus ), emerged on 18-XII-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32126; 1♂ (MK-AG-a415), Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-XII-2019 (as larva on  Anthoceros punctatus ), emerged on 24-I-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32127; 1♀ (MK-AG-a375), Mt. Gion, Takahashi, Okayama Pref., 9-X-2017 (as larva on  Notothylas temperata ), emerged on 3-XI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32128; 1♀ (MK-AG-a11), Shodon, Kakeroma Is., Setouchi, Kagoshima Pref., 24-I-2019 (as larva on  Ph. carolinianus ), emerged on 24-II-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32129; 1♂ (MK-AG-a12), Minami-bokujo, Yonaguni Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 5-III-2019 (as larva on  Ph. carolinianus ), emerged on 2-IV-2019, NSMT-I-Dip 32130. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  Phaeoceros carolinianus : 27♂52♀, Yudenno-sato, Sugegaya, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 9-I-2018 (as larva), emerged on 2-26-II-2018; 2♂5♀, Megami, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 10-XII-2017 (as larva), emerged on 30-I-7-II-2018; 11♂14♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 3-I-2018 (as larva), emerged on 19-I-23-II-2018; 18♂26♀, Shiozuka-kogen, Yamashiro, Miyoshi, Tokushima Pref., 5-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 29-XI-2017-9-II-2018; 6♂15♀, Shodon, Kakeroma Is., Setouchi, Kagoshima Pref., 23-I-2019 (as larva), emerged on 2-II-11-III-2019; 2♂, Minami-bokujo, Yonaguni Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 5-III-2019 (as larva), emerged on 2-IV-2019. </p>
            <p> On  Notothylas temperata : 1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 17-XII-2019 (as larva), emerged on 19-I-2020; 8♂17♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 20-XI-21-II-2017; 1♂, Mita-ike, Toyokura, Kasai, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-XII-2017; 9♂10♀, Mt. Gion, Takahashi, Okayama Pref., 6-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 12-XI-5-XII-2017. </p>
            <p> On  Notothylas orbicularis : 1♂, Izuruhara, Tamura, Tochigi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 10-XII-2021. </p>
            <p> On  Anthoceros punctatus : 1♂1♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 7-XII-2019 (as larva), emerged on 8-28-I-2020; 1♂1♀, Mita-ike, Toyokura, Kasai, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 28-29-XI-2017. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.2-1.5 mm) that has a pruinose gray scutum and scutellum, brown 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, brown halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a short tubercle-like seta. Distiphalli elongated, tapering toward apex, more than 2  × longer than the phallapodeme. the larvae mine thalli of hornworts belonging to the following genera:  Notothylas ,  Phaeoceros and  Anthoceros . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 74A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely pale yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, and back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 74C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere brown, pedicel and scape grayish yellow (Fig. 74B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons brownish yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, pale yellow; palpus pale yellow, ovate (Fig. 74C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 74B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny, pale yellow. Scutum and scutellum pruinose gray (Fig. 74D). Subscutellum pale yellow. Mediotergite dark gray, anatergite brown, and katatergite pale yellow (Fig. 74E). Pleuron largely pale yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; propleuron with a small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; notopleuron with narrow brown patch on anterior-lower margin; anepisternum and anepimeron without brown spot; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 74B). Haltere grayish yellow, with stalk paler. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish yellow with coxa pale yellow; femur of foreleg with narrow brown subdistal patch on frontal side; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 74A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 74D). Acrostichal seta absent. Wing: Wing length 1.2-1.3 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 74A). M4 disappears immediately before reaching wing margin. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.8-2.5.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellowish brown; epandrium brown (Fig. 74E). Genitalia: (Fig. 74G-L) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with one or two tubercle-like setae (Fig. 74G, I). Surstylus small, ovate, membranous, without setae (Fig. 74I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of pale plate-like dorsal arms directed posteriorly and a pair of pale elongated plate-like ventral arms directed ventrally (Fig. 74I). Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 74G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, pointed and cleft apically (Fig. 74H, J). Phallophorus with shallow incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, connecting to asymmetric epiphallus (Fig. 74H, J, L). Basiphallus supported by a pair of rod-like lateral sclerites (Fig. 74H). Hypophallus membranous, centrally with a pair of narrow sclerites (Fig. 74G-J). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus cylindrical, dorsolaterally sclerotized, medially widest. Distiphallus is a fused tubule comprising one pair of elongated tubules, with dark shoehorn-shaped sclerites basally; the tubule pale, extremely elongated, longer than phallapodeme; easily unfolded in the course of dissection (Fig. 74G). Ejaculatory apodeme pale, fan-shaped with short brown stalk and clear sperm pump (Fig. 74K).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 74F). Similar to male, but larger, frons wider. Wing length 1.5 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 75A-C) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 75B). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 75C). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, ca. same length as cercus (Fig. 75C). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 75A).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 75D-G, L-Q) At 3rd instar, larval body yellow and cylindrical. Mandibles paired, fused and strongly sclerotized, each with two teeth; left teeth larger than right teeth (Fig. 75D-G). Mandibles confluent with short sclerotized hypopharyngeal sclerite, connecting to a pair of tentoropharyngeal sclerites; dorsal cornu broad and long, ventral cornu shorter. Puparium internal, slender, pale brown, with anterior spiracles elongated and protruded from epidermis of mined thallus (Fig. 75P-S).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to its host plant genus  Phaeoceros . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Niwatsunogoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Four hornwort species belonging to 3 families were recorded to be host plants:  Phaeoceros carolinianus ,  Notothylas temperata (  Notothyladaceae ), and  Anthoceros punctatus (  Anthocerotaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 75J-M, P-S). The larvae occasionally also mine into sporophytes (Fig. 75P).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The main habitats of this species are the paddy fields that have not experienced land improvement projects or spraying with herbicides, as mentioned for  P. ricciae (Fig. 75H, I). These paddy fields harbor various  Riccia species and hornwort species such as  Phaeoceros carolinianus ,  Notothylas temperate, and  Anthoceros punctatus after harvesting of rice. Another habitat of this species was lawny ground in horse pasturelands in Yonaguni Island, where  Phaeoceros carolinianus grows among turf grasses (Fig. 75N, O). Thus, this species is the only species among the Japanese bryophyte-associated  Phytoliriomyza species that utilizes multiple genera of bryophytes. Our rearing records suggest that it is multivoltine. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, the Ryukyu Archipelago (Fig. 71).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. iriomotensis ,  P. ugetsu , and  P. caerulescens in that having wholly dark scutum and yellow maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from them by the absence of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium. This species resembles  P. foliocerotis in that the distiphallus is extremely elongated, but it is distinguished from  P. foliocerotis by its pruinose gray scutum and scutellum (shiny black in  P. foliocerotis ). This species also resembles  P. scotica in morphology of epandrium and in having an extremely elongated distiphallus (Papp and  Černý 2017); it is distinguished from the latter by the bare surstylus (distally setose in  P. scotica Spencer) and the broad shoehorn-shaped sclerites on the basal distiphallus (sclerites narrow in  P. scotica ). </p>
            <p> Immature stages, but not adults, were reported from a hornwort,  Megaceros vincentianus in Mexico by Hering (1966).  Phytoliriomyza phaeocerotis sp. nov. (Fig. 75R) and the Mexican species share the elongated anterior spiracles. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6949971FB2358D2A867C02605D5CA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
8B297B081B725A07A3AAB87620677330.text	8B297B081B725A07A3AAB87620677330.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza plagiochasmatos Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 9.  Phytoliriomyza plagiochasmatos Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 17</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a526), Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref. (36.089°N, 138.689°E, 990 m asl), 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31940. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a524, a523), same data as holotype, emerged on 19-25-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31941, 31942.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: 1♂3♀, same data as holotype, emerged on 19-25-V-2021; 3♀, Ozasu, Ogano, Chichibu, Saitama Pref., 28-XI-2014 (as larva on  Asterella cruciata ), emerged on 24-27-IV-2015. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.4-1.5 mm) having subshiny brown scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, yellow 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium with an imperfect comb comprising two short tubercle-setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Plagiochasma pterospermum and  Asterella cruciata . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 17A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 17C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, black pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 17C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 17B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum subshiny yellow, with a brown medial stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of brown presutural patches, and a pair of wide postsutural brown bands (Fig. 17B). Mediotergite brown, and anatergite and katatergite yellow. Pleuron largely yellow, anepisternum and anepimeron with small brown patches, venters of katepisternum and meron brown (Fig. 17B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 17B). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 17D). Acrostichal setulae six pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.5 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 17A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.7.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny grayish yellow (Fig. 17E). Genitalia: (Fig. 17I-K) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically; inner-subdistal margin with a short, sharp-pointed tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior margin with an imperfect comb comprising two fused short tubercle-like setae; inner-lateral surface with a long tubercle-like seta. Surstylus extruded ventrally, setose apically (Fig. 17I, J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite comprising two pairs of developed plate-like arms; ventral arm with a strong seta directed ventrally and pointed tip; dorsal arm ventrally pointed and with a spine directed outward (Fig. 17I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 17G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 17H). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 17G), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 17H). Basiphallus as long as mesophallus, sclerotized basally and narrowly on right side, bifurcating apically (Fig. 17H). Hypophallus broad, membranous and bilobed, with serrated margins; medially with a pair of dark fused sclerites (Fig. 17G, H). Paraphalli dark, plate-like, diverging from base of mesophallus, outer margins sclerotized (Fig. 17G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, 3/5 as long as distiphallus (Fig. 17H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of lateral lanceolate dark sclerites and short weaker region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 17H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale and fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 17K).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 17F). Similar to male, but slightly larger. Wing length 1.4 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 17L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 2/3 length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the host plant genus  Plagiochasma . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Tsukikage-tsubozenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Plagiochasma pterospermum (  Aytoniaceae ) and  Asterella cruciata (  Asterellaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus and pupate in the mines (Fig. 17Q).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are outcrops of lime stones in temperate deciduous forests, where the host liverworts grow (Fig. 17O, P), and this species was sympatric with  P. arcus in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu (Fig. 16). Recorded only from limestone areas in Kanto districts.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. arcus ,  P. falcata and  P. aratriformis in having a pair of brown lateral bands and a pale yellow mark on the scutum; it is distinguished from  P. arcus by the yellow halteres (dark in  P. arcus ), and from the last three species by the absence of seta on the surstylus of the male epandrium (surstylus apically setose in  P. falcata and  P. aratriformis ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B297B081B725A07A3AAB87620677330	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
766D267E5952554F97C3B7CE1DFCF28C.text	766D267E5952554F97C3B7CE1DFCF28C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza rebouliae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 17.  Phytoliriomyza rebouliae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 33, 34</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a423), Wadagawa-kyo, Kumanogawa, Shingu, Wakayama Pref. (33.7609°N, 135.8260°E, 90 m asl), 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-VIII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31986. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ (MK-AG-a424, a490, a491), same data as holotype, emerged on 24-30-VII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31987-31989; 1♂ (MK-AG-467), Uri-toge, Mikkabi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 15-VI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 31990; 1♂ (MK-AG-a422), Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 23-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31991.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♀, Izu-oshima Is. Tokyo Pref., 22-III-2009 (as larva), emerged on 19-IV-2009; 2♀, Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 12-III-2018 (as larva), emerged on?-IV-2018; 2♂6♀, Sannoko, Kawakami, Higashi-yoshino, Nara Pref., 26-II-2016 (as larva), emerged on 18-27-IV-2016; 19♂13♀, WD, 7-VII-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VII-6-VIII-2021; 2♂, Yajiemon-jinja, Sakurae, Gotsu, Shimane Pref., 24-VI-2012 (as larva), emerged on 19-VII-23-VIII-2012; 2♂2♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 11-X-2016 (as larva), emerged on 1-V-2016; 1♂3♀, Yasui-keikoku, Niyodogawa, Agawa, Kochi Pref., 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♂3♀, YSI, 27-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2011; 1♀, Shiibaru, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2015; 1♀, Okujisso, Isa, Kagoshima Pref., 17-XII-2012 (as larva), emerged on 12-IV-2013; 2♂1♀, Sumiyo, Amami, Kagoshima Pref., 17-II-1999 (as larva), emerged on 25-28-II-1999.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small dark species (wing length 1.3-1.7 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum with a small oval yellow pattern extending from the mid-posterior margin to the scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising seven long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 33A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, frons yellowish brown with reflective pruinosity, back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 33C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 33B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 33C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 33B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose gray, with a small yellow patch along midposterior margin, with a medial dark gray band on anterior 2/3 and a pair of dark gray bands along lateral margins (Fig. 33D). Scutellum light yellow with lateral corner brown, subscutellum light yellow. Mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite dark brown (Fig. 33B). Pleuron largely light yellow, with brown spots on anterior postpronotal lobe, lower margin of notopleuron, lower half of anepisternum and anepimeron, and venters of katepisternum and meron (Fig. 33B). Haltere dark brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 33D). Acrostichal setulae six or seven pairs largely in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 33A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 33E). Genitalia: (Fig. 33H-K) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-posterior margin with one tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising seven fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 33J). Surstylus rounded, curved inwards, setose apically (Fig. 33J). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with a pair of plate-like arms, the dorsal lobes of which curve ventrally and basally with a spine directed ventrally (Fig. 33J). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 33H). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped (Fig. 33H, I). Phallophorus sclerotized with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 33I). Basiphallus with a dorsal sclerite, the anterior lobes of which extend laterally, supporting hypophallus (Fig. 33H, I). Hypophallus broad, membranous, covered with microtrichia dorsally and with distal margins serrated; basally with one pair of narrow sclerites, medially with one pair of fused linear sclerites (Fig. 33I). Paraphallus lobate, lightly sclerotized; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, jointed basally (Fig. 33H, I). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly shorter than distiphallus (Fig. 33H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark arrowhead-like sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally and laterally pigmented, with truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 33I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 33K).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 33E-G). Similar to male. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 34A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ½ length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the larval life within  Reboulia thalli. </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Kainohi-jingasagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Reboulia hemisphaerica orientalis (  Aytoniaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae at first construct linear mines in the thallus at first, then enter the midrib, and pupate in the mine (Fig. 34D, E).</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are rocky cliffs in warm temperate evergreen forests (Fig. 34C). It is sympatric with  P. argentifasciata in some localities. Our rearing records suggest that this species is bivoltine, with adults emerging in spring and summer. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island (Fig. 31)</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. marchantiae ,  P. lanternaria , and  P. conocephali in having a narrow yellow posterior margin of the scutum and a medial yellow stripe on the scutellum; it is distinguished from  P. marchantiae by the number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium (7 in  P. rebouliae ; 8 in  P. marchantiae ) and by a tubercle-like seta at posterior end of inner margin (absent in  P. marchantiae ), and from  P. lanternaria and  P. conocephali by the number of tubercle-like setae on the surstylus of the male epandrium (0 in  P. rebouliae ; 1 or 2 in  P. lanternaria and  P. conocephali ). </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Wiesnerella</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/766D267E5952554F97C3B7CE1DFCF28C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
8FE0ADBF952858909362C5B8DBB3E5B7.text	8FE0ADBF952858909362C5B8DBB3E5B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza ricciae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 34.  Phytoliriomyza ricciae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 63, 64</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a416), Iwakura-muramatsu, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref. (35.0931°N, 135.7900°E, 150 m asl), 12-XI-2020 (as larva on  Riccia huebeneriana ), emerged on 1-XII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32091. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a477, a478), same data as holotype, emerged on 2-16-XII-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32092-32093; 1♀ (MK-AG-201), type locality, 27-X-2017 (as larva on  R. huebeneriana ), emerged on 13-XI-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32094; 1♀ (MK-AG-205), Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva on  R. nipponica ), emerged on 8-XII-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32095; 1♀ (MK-AG-234), Niken-chaya, Shizuichi-ichihara, Sakyo, Kyoto Pref., 18-XII-2015 (as larva on  R. nipponica ), emerged on 15-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32096;1♂ (MK-AG-a440), Nienami, Nango, Nichinan, Miyazaki Pref., 25-IX-2017 (as larva on  R. canaliculata ), emerged on 29-X-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32097. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: On  R. nipponica : 39♂40♀, Niken-chaya, Shizuichi-ichihara, Sakyo, Kyoto Pref., 31-X-2015 (as larva), emerged on 25-XI-2015-8-IV-2016; 1♀, Midai-gawa. Tatsuoka, Nirasaki, Yamanashi Prec., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 14-V-2017. </p>
            <p> On  R. miyakeana : 1♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-XI-2017 (as larva), emerged on 10-XII-2017. </p>
            <p> On  R. lamellosa : 1♂, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. oryzicola : 1♂, Somada, Wazuka, Soraku, Kyoto Pref., 15-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-XI-2021; 1♀, Megami, Makinohara, Shizuoka Pref., 20-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 3-I-2018; 1♀, Aono-gawa, Sanda, Hyogo Pref., 30-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 26-XI-2017. </p>
            <p> On  R. bifurca : 1♂, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 10-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 21-X-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. huebeneriana : 2♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 16-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-18-XII-2017; 1♂1♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 24-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 15-X-2017; 1♂1♀, Urauchi, Iriomote-Is. Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 9-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 30-XI-2021; 1♂, Nametoko, Matsuno, Kita-uwa, Ehime Pref., 3-X-2021 (as larva), emerged on 20-X-2021; 3♀, Kayo, Nago, Okinawa Pref., 10-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-28-XI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. canaliculata : 3♂, Nienami, Nango, Nichinan, Miyazaki Pref., 25-IX-2017 (as larva), emerged on 17-29-IX-2017. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.0-1.3 mm) having a pruinose grayish yellow scutum with a medial and two pairs of lateral dark gray stripes, a gray scutellum, yellow pleuron, black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, yellowish gray halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium with dorso-ventrally bilobed surstylus; dorsal arm with two short tubercle-like setae. Male epandrium with bilobed, dorsoventrally elongated surstyli. Distiphalli tapering toward apex and bilaterally asymmetrical. Larva mines the thallus of  Riccia spp. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 63A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head entirely light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 63C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere dark brown with arista base yellowish, pedicel and scape grayish yellow (Fig. 63B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons brownish yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus dark brown, dorso-ventrally flattened, spatula-shaped (Fig. 63C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 63B). Orbital setulae minute and proclinate, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose light yellow. Scutum grayish yellow with medial blackish stripe on anterior 2/3, one pair of blackish suborbicular presutural spots confluent with the medial blackish stripe, a pair of narrow blackish supra-alar stripes, and a pair of wider blackish intra-alar stripes, which adjoin the pair of lateral presutural suborbicular spots (Fig. 63D). The background color of the scutum is paler in live than in dried specimens. Scutellum gray. Subscutellum yellow except brown posterior half. Mediotergite dark gray, anatergite and katatergite light yellow (Fig. 63E). Pleuron largely light yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; propleuron with a small brown patch on mid-anterior corner; anepisternum and anepimeron light yellow; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 63B). Haltere yellowish gray, with stalk light yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 63A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 63D). Acrostichal setulae almost absent or with one (or rarely two) pair of minute setae. Wing: Wing length 1.4 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 63A). M4 disappears immediately before reaching wing margin. Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 2.2-2.4.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny grayish yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 63E). Genitalia: (Fig. 63G-K) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with two or three short tubercle-like setae directed ventrally (Fig. 63G, K). Surstylus dorso-ventrally bilobed; dorsal lobe broad with two bulbous tubercle-like setae apically; ventral lobe narrow with three or four long setae apically (Fig. 63K). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite pale, plate-like (Fig. 63K). Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 63G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 63I). Phallophorus with shallow incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 63H, I). Basiphallus dorsally sclerotized, with a pale narrow sclerite on left side (Fig. 63I). Hypophallus membranous and trilobed, with a pair of small dark lobate sclerites basally (Fig. 63H). Mesophallus pale cylindrical and laterally pigmented (Fig. 63H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of bilaterally asymmetrical tubules; tubule tapering toward apex; right one shorter and thicker than left one (Fig. 63H, I). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, fan-shaped with short stalk and clear sperm pump (Fig. 63J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 63F). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.4 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 64A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 64A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 64B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 64B). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 64A).</p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>Geographical variation was found in the presence of an acrostichal seta on the scutum; the seta was almost absent in individuals at most localities but present in those from the Okinawa Island.</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 64G-K, O) Puparium internal, slender and dark brown (Fig. 64O).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the host plant genus  Riccia . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Yosame-hatakegoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Riccia nipponica (Fis. 64G),  R. miyakeana (Fig. 64H, I),  R. oryzicola (Fig. 64J-L),  R. bifurca ,  R. lamellosa ,  R. huebeneriana (Fig. 64M) and  R. canaliculata (Fig. 64N) (  Ricciaceae ). Although the European species,  P. mesnili has been recorded from  Riccia and  Ricciocarpos ,  P. ricciae has been recorded only from  Riccia spp., even though  Ricciocarpos natans was abundant in the same rice fields. </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 64G-N) Larvae constructed linear-blotch mines in the thallus from autumn to winter, and pupated inside or outside the mines. This variation in pupation site is due to the thalli of the host plants being small and thin; only the surface layer of the thalli remained intact, with internal parenchymatous tissues largely consumed. The larvae sometimes transfer to neighboring/overlapping thalli and fed on them.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The host liverwort species,  R. nipponica ,  R. miyakeana ,  R. oryzicola and  R. huebeneriana grow only in the paddy fields that have not experienced land improvement projects or spraying herbicides (Fig. 64D-F). Thus,  P. ricciae is now rare and threatened due to decrease of its potential habitats, and additionally due to recent overuse of insecticides. Because the host liverworts appear in paddy fields only after harvest of rice in autumn, it is unknown how the species pass other seasons from spring to autumn. The rice fields applied with organic farming also harbors various hornwort species, and harbor hornwort-associated species,  P. phaeocerotis . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Okinawa Is. and Iriomote Is. (Fig. 65).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles an European  Ricciocarpos /  Riccia -associated species,  P. mesnili ; it is distinguished from the latter by the dark color of scutum and scutellum (paler in  P. mesnili ), the obscure dark lateral bands on scutum (more distinct in  P. mesnili ), the vestigial acrostichal seta (almost absent in  P. ricciae ; with four pairs of acrostichal setae in  P. mesnili ), the small hypophallus (developed and sclerotized in  P. mesnili ; hypophallus is reported as paraphallus in Sellier 1947). </p>
            <p> This species is also closely related to another European species,  P. venustula Spencer (host unknown); it is distinguished from the latter by the vestigial acrostichal setae on the scutum (present in  P. venustula ), weaker sclerotization of male genitalia (well sclerotized in  P. venustula ), number of apical long setae on the ventral lobe of the surstylus (3-4 in  P. ricciae ; 6 in  P. venustula ), and the small but distinct hypophallus (hypophallus lacking in  P. venustula ). </p>
            <p> Among the Japanese species,  P. ricciae resembles  P. suetsugui ,  P. sexfasciata , and  P. megacerotis in having wholly dark scutum and dark maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from them by the absence of a comb of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium. This species also resembles  P. ugetsu ,  P. caerulescens , and  P. phaeocerotis in having a wholly dark scutum; it is distinguished from them by the color of maxillary pulps (dark in  P. ricciae ; yellow in the others). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FE0ADBF952858909362C5B8DBB3E5B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
65D8B741B29D549993F155905D51DA07.text	65D8B741B29D549993F155905D51DA07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza sexfasciata Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 35.  Phytoliriomyza sexfasciata Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 66, 67</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a574), Ookura, Arashiyama, Hiki, Saitama Pref. (36.0276°N, 139.3284°E, 50 m asl), 2-XI-2021 (as larva on  Riccia lamellosa ), emerged on 25-XI-2020, NSMT-I-Dip 32098. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a573, a583, a584), same data as holotype, emerged on 17-25-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32099-32101; 1♀ (MK-AG-a568), Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva on  Riccia lamellosa ), emerged on 19-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32102; 1♂ (MK-AG-a585), Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 10-X-2021 (as larva on  Riccia bifurca ), emerged on 8-XI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32103. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan; On  R. lamellosa :11♂14♀, Negishi, Arashiyama, Hiki, Saitama Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 17-XI-12-XII-2021; 3♂5♀, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva, emerged on 17-25-XI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. bifurca : 7♂9♀, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 8-29-XI-2021. </p>
            <p> On  R. sorocarpa : 3♂3♀, Joja, Joso, Ibaragi Pref., 2-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-XI-26-XII-2021. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small species (wing length 1.2-1.5 mm) having a pruinose grayish scutum with six longitudinal dark gray bands, a gray scutellum, brown 1st flagellomere, brown maxillary palpus, yellowish gray halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-distally with a strong tubercle-like seta and inner-basally with a cluster of 29-35 dense tubercle-like setae. Distiphalli bilaterally asymmetrical, with left one tapering toward apex. Larva mines the thallus of  Riccia lamellosa ,  R. sorocarpa and  R. bifurca . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male.</p>
            <p>Head: (Fig. 66A-E) Head largely light yellow, with ocellar tubercle dark brown, and back of head dark brown (Fig. 66C). Antenna porrect; first flagellomere dark brown, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 66B). Arista subbasal, brown, pubescent. Frons brownish yellow, with reflective pruinosity (Fig. 66C). Face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, light yellow; maxillary palpus light yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 66C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 66B). Orbital setulae minute and proclinate, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose gray. Scutum gray with three pairs of longitudinal dark gray stripes, with the four inner stripes continuing into dark gray bands of gray scutellum (Fig. 66D). Subscutellum light yellow except brown posterior half. Mediotergite dark gray, anatergite and katatergite light yellow (Fig. 66E). Pleuron largely light yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; propleuron, light yellow; anepisternum light yellow with L-shaped anterior brown spot; anepimeron light yellow with an upper linear macule and a lower spot; katepisternum and meron with large brown patches on venter (Fig. 66C). Haltere yellowish gray, with stalk light yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brown; tibia and tarsus darker; distal half of femur of foreleg darkened on frontal side (Fig. 66A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 66D). Acrostichal setae 1-3 pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 66A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 2.0-2.3.</p>
            <p> Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brownish yellow, with a medial brown longitudinal band; epandrium brown (Fig. 66E). Genitalia: (Fig. 66K-O) Epandrium rounded apically; posterior end of inner margin with two tubercle-like setae, the dorsal one stouter and longer; inner-lateral surface with a dense cluster of 29-35 short tubercle-like setae (Fig. 66L). Surstylus narrow and elongated, with 12-14 strong setae apically (Fig. 66L). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite pale, plate-like (Fig. 66L). Hypandrium thin, slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 66K). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, cleft apically (Fig. 66M). Phallophorus with shallow incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 66K). Basiphallus with a dark dorsal narrow sclerite, the distal lobes of which extended laterally; 2-2.5  × as long as mesophallus (Fig. 66M, N). Hypophallus broad and membranous, medially with a pair of dark, fused, ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 66M). Mesophallus with a pair of short basal, ventral sclerites and a pair of dark, long, ventral sclerite (Fig. 66M). Distiphallus comprising one pair of bilaterally asymmetrical dark tubules; left tubule longer than the right one, dorsally pigmented, tapering out; right tubule dorsally pigmented, truncated distally and bifid (Fig. 66M, N). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown and fan-shaped with constricted stalk; base dark and elongated to one side; sperm pump sausage-shaped, clear (Fig. 66O). </p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 66F-J, P). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider; color of pleuron, hind abdomen and legs much paler. Wing length 1.5 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 67A-C) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 67B). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 67C). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 67C). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 67A).</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 67D-F, N, O) At 3rd instar, larval body yellow and cylindrical. Mandibles paired, fused, asymmetrical and strongly sclerotized, each with two teeth; left teeth larger than right ones. Mandibles confluent with short sclerotized hypopharyngeal sclerite, connecting to a pair of sclerotized tentoropharyngeal sclerites; dorsal cornu broad and long, ventral cornu shorter, comprising two fused arms; upper arm dark sclerotized only in anterior half.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name (sex = six, fasciatus = stripe) refers to the six dark gray stripes on the scutum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Mutsusuji-hatakegoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plants.</p>
            <p> Riccia lamellosa ,  R. bifurca , and  R. sorocarpa . </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p> Larvae construct linear-blotch mines in the thallus, and pupate in or out of the mines (Fig. 67I-L). Larvae sometimes relocate to fresh thalli as with  P. ricciae . </p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The host liverwort species,  Riccia lamellosa ,  R. bifurca , and  R. sorocarpa grow on bare mesic soil in orchards, parks, shrines and levees of paddy fields (Fig. 67G, H). While  R. lamellosa is a recently naturalized alien species (Furuki 2000), the other hosts are native. Larvae of  P. sexfasciata are found mining thalli of these liverwort species in early November, and adults emerge in late November. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu (Fig. 65). So far, recorded only from alluvial plains in the Kanto Region.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is unique in that the scutum is six-banded (medial bands on the scutum are confluent in other species), and in the male epandrium having a clump (not a comb) of 25-30 short tubercle-like setae on the basal margin. This species resembles  P. suetsugui ,  P. ricciae and  P. megacerotis in having a wholly dark scutum and dark maxillary palpus, but is distinguished from them by the above-mentioned genital characteristics. It also resembles  P. ugetsu ,  P. caerulescens and  P. phaeocerotis in having wholly dark scutum, but is distinguished from them by the color of the maxillary palpus (dark in  P. sexfasciata ; yellow in the others). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65D8B741B29D549993F155905D51DA07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
96B78587024857189A8FEB676DE689CC.text	96B78587024857189A8FEB676DE689CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza suetsugui Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 33.  Phytoliriomyza suetsugui Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 62</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a221), Arakawa, Takae, Higashi-son, Okinawa Pref. (26.6655°N, 128.2542°E, 45 m asl), 22-II-2011 (as larva on  Conocephalum orientalis collected by K. Suetsugu), emerged on 16-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32085. Paratypes: Japan: 2♂1♀ (MK-AG-a433, a434, 698), same data as holotype emerged on 14-22-IV-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32086-32088; 1♀ (MK-AG-766), Naon, Yamato, Oshima, Kagoshima Pref., 12-XII-2014 (as larva), emerged on 17-III-2015, NSMT-I-Dip 32089; 1♀ (MK-AG-761), Mt. Yonaha, Kunigami, Okinawa Pref., 18-VII-2016 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 14-X-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 32090. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: 3♂3♀, Arakawa, higashi-son, Okinawa Pref., 10-XI-2021 (as larva on  C. orientalis ), emerged on 27-I-12-II-2022. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A small dark species (wing length 1.3-1.5 mm) having a pruinose dark gray scutum and scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and brown legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with a tubercle like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising six long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 62A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 62C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere dark brown, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 62B). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, cylindrical (Fig. 62C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 62B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum and scutellum pruinose gray (Fig. 62D). Subscutellum light yellow except for brown posterior half. Mediotergite and anatergite brown, katatergite light yellow (Fig. 62B). Pleuron yellow light yellow with brownish patches on venter of propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, and meron. Haltere brown. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish, basal half of femur paler (Fig. 62A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 62D). Acrostichal setulae five or six pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 1.3 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 62A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 62B). Genitalia: (Fig. 62I-L) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with a long tubercle-like seta; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six fused long tubercle-like setae; inner-basal margin with a row of six or seven small tubercle-like setae (Fig. 62I, K). Surstylus rounded, curved inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior subdistal margin (Fig. 62K). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite H-shaped. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 62I). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 62I). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 62J). Basiphallus with a plate-like sclerite on left side (Fig. 62J). Hypophallus broad, membranous covered with microtrichia ventrally; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of fused, narrow ventrally incurved sclerites; laterally with a pair of converging narrow sclerites (Fig. 62J). Paraphallus pale membranous; paraphalli spread laterally, jointed basally (Fig. 62J). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, 4/5 as long as distiphallus (Fig. 62J). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; covered by a transparent membrane with a pair of 7 oval minute sclerites; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, widening toward truncated unpigmented apex (Fig. 62J). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and long stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 62L).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 62E-H). Similar to male, but slightly larger; frons and pleuron darker. Wing length 1.5 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 62M, N) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 62M). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 62N). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla,  ½ length of cercus (Fig. 62N). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 62M). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name honors a botanist, Dr. Kenji Suetsugu, who collected thalli of  Conocephalum orientalis . at the type locality. </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Yanbaru-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 62Q) Larvae construct linear mines in the midrib of the thallus, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis sieboldii (Fig. 62O, P). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Amami and Okinawa Islands (Fig. 61).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. ricciae in having a wholly dark scutum, yellow pedicel and scape of the antenna, and dark maxillary palpus; it is distinguished from the latter by the presence of a comb of tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium. This species also resembles  P. marchantiae ,  P. rebouliae ,  P. lanternaria , and  P. conocephali in having dark scutum and a comb comprising 5-8 tubercle-like setae on the male epandrium; it is distinguished from them by lacking a small yellow mark on both the scutellum and the posterior margin of the scutum. </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Riccia</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/96B78587024857189A8FEB676DE689CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
0F458DB6BFF154D7A1F779428A74D083.text	0F458DB6BFF154D7A1F779428A74D083.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza tsukuyomi Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3.  Phytoliriomyza tsukuyomi Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 5</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a397), Matsubara-ko, Koumi, Nagano Pref. (36.053896°N, 138.461847°E, 1110 m asl), 12-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31897. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a455, a443), same data as holotype, emerged on 17-22-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31898, 31899; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a521, a528), Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shisuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31900, 31901; 1♂ (MK-AG-a577), Tokuzo-ji, Yana, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 1-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31902.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂1♀, Ikawa-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-2-VI-2021; 1♂, Tokuzo-ji, Yana, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., I-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 3-XII-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A medium-sized species (wing length 1.6-1.7 mm) having pruinose dark gray scutum, light yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, dark halteres, and dark legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb of four unfused tubercle-like setae, and inner-laterally with a comb of three or four fused, long, tubercle-like setae; surstylus bilobed and hypertrophied dorsal arm with one tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of  Marchantia polymorpha . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 5A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar tubercle brown, frons light yellow, back of head dark brown (Fig. 5C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape light yellow. Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brownish gray, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 5D). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum pruinose bluish gray with a medial black band and a pair of lateral black bands (Fig. 5D). Scutellum pale yellow with lateral corner dark brown. Subscutellum dark brown with anterior margin pale yellow. Mediotergite, anatergite, and katatergite brown. Pleuron largely yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown spot; notopleuron with brown spot on venter; anepisternum and anepimeron with brown venters; katepisternum an meron with dark brown patches on venter (Fig. 5B). Haltere gray, with grayish yellow stalk. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brownish gray; tarsus darker. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 5D). Acrostichal setulae six or seven pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.7 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 5A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.9.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny brown; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 5E). Genitalia: (Fig. 5G-J) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral margin with a large round arm having three or four unfused tubercle-like setae apically; inner-anterior surface with a large arm having a hand-shaped comb comprising four basally fused long tubercle-like setae apically, and one tubercle-like seta immediately inward from the protrusion (Fig. 5I). Surstylus lobate, setose apically; inner-basally with a long, S-curved, hypertrophied, columnar arm, bearing one long tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 5I). Cercus narrow, setose, with a strong seta apically (Fig. 5I). Subepandrial sclerite consisting of one pair of lateral plates (one seta each subapically on inner surface) forming (Fig. 5I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 5G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped and cleft apically; upper lobe pointed apically (Fig. 5H). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 5G), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 5H). Basiphallus with a narrow plate on left side; dorsally lightly sclerotized; shorter than mesophallus. Hypophallus broad, membranous, ventral side covered with microtrichia, medially with a pair of short fused linear sclerites (Fig. 5G, H). Paraphalli lobe-like, membranous; posterior margin slightly sclerotized (Fig. 5G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, slightly longer than distiphallus (Fig. 5H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; basal half composed of ventral dark triangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented, with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 5H). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, blade pale with clear margin, with sclerotized stalk, broad asymmetric base, and clear sperm pump (Fig. 5J).</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 5F-I). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons narrower (Fig. 5F). Wing length 1.7 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 5K, L) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 5K). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 5L). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus. Spermathecae orbicular (Fig. 5K).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name tsukuyomi is a Japanese word meaning brightness of moonlight, and refers to the bright yellow scutellum.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Tsukuyomi-zenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Marchantia polymorpha (  Marchantiaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae mine the thallus of the host plant and pupate in the mines. The mines are not apparent from the outside.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The host plants from which this species emerged, grow on mesic soils on levee of paddy fields and along roads in natural beech forests (Fig. 5T). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu (Fig. 2).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species resembles  P. alpicola in color pattern of the scutum (entirely dark mesothorax and uniformly pale scutellum); it is distinguished from the latter by the yellow pedicel and scape of the antenna (pedicel and scape of  P. alpicola are brown), yellow maxillary palpus (dark gray in  P. alpicola ), and number and arrangement of tubercle-like setae in a comb on the male epandrium (4 hand-shaped in  P. tsukuyomi ; 6 fused in  P. alpicola ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F458DB6BFF154D7A1F779428A74D083	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
8DA6D0FDC704515DB65897C2EDA2E939.text	8DA6D0FDC704515DB65897C2EDA2E939.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza ugetsu Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 23.  Phytoliriomyza ugetsu Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 44</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a404), Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref. (33.2954°N, 130.5747°E, 180 m asl), 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 20-IV-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32024. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂2♀ (MK-AG-a466, 547, 554), same data as holotype, emerged on 1-3-I-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32025-32027; 1♀ (MK-AG-532), Ashizuri-misaki, Tosashimizu, Kochi Pref., 26-II-2011 (as larva), emerged on 31-III-2011, NSMT-I-Dip 32028; 2♀ (MK-AG-559, 563), Han-yama, Yaku Is., Kumage, Kagoshima Pref., 29-III-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-IV-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32029, 32030.</p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p> Japan: 6♂6♀, Mikisato, Owase, Mie Pref., 30-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 20-II-15-III-2021; 3♂5♀, Tategasaki, Kumano, Mie Pref., 23-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 26-IV-18-V-2021; 1♀, Mt. Kosho, Asakura, Fukuoka Pref., 11-IV-2010 (as larva), emerged on 18-IV-2010; 12♂15♀, Mt. Kora, Kurume, Fukuoka Pref., 29-IV-2008 (as larva), emerged on 1-3-V-2008; 1♂2♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 15-XII-2020 (as larva), emerged on 23-28-II-2013; 1♂2♀, Shinkawa-keikoku, Kirishima, Kagoshima Pref., 31-III-2071 (as larva), emerged on 13-27-IV-2017; 1♀, Tashiro, Kinko, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 18-V-2013 collected on thallus of  C. orientalis ; 1♀, Mt. Inao, Kimotsuki, Kagoshima Pref., 28-II-2000 (as larva), emerged on 4-IV-2000. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large dark species (wing length 2.1-2.7 mm) having pruinose dark brown scutum, black 1st flagellomere with yellow arista, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a comb comprising six long fused tubercle-like setae, but lacking an inner-lateral tubercle-like seta. Larva mines the thallus of  Conocephalum orientalis . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 44A-E).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow, but frons and ocellar triangle brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 44C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape brown (Fig. 44B). Arista subbasal, yellow, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow (Fig. 44C). Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical. Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 44B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum and scutellum entirely dark brown (Fig. 44D). Subscutellum yellow except brown posterior margin. Mediotergite, katatergite and anatergite brown (Fig. 44E). Pleuron yellow with large brown patches on notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and meron (Fig. 44B). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 44A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 44B). Acrostichal setulae 10-12 pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.2 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 44A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.3.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellowish gray; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 44E). Genitalia: (Fig. 44G-I) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-anterior margin with a row of several (2-4) short tubercle-like setae; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising six fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 44I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one tubercle-like seta on posterior margin (Fig. 44I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped in a posterior view, with one seta on each dorsal lobe (Fig. 44I). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 44G). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 44H). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 44G). Basiphallus with broad pale plate on left side and lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 44G). Hypophallus hood-like, membranous; lateral margins lightly sclerotized; covered with microtrichia ventrally; medially with a pair of fused narrow sclerites incurved ventrally; a dark tubule protruding ventrally from subdistal center of the membrane (Fig. 44G, H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest subbasally, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 44H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subrectangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, dorsally pigmented with flared apex; with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 44H). Ejaculatory apodeme pale brown, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base wide to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 44J).</p>
            <p> Female (Fig. 44F). Similar to male, but larger, brown patches on pleuron larger and thicker. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 44L, M) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 44L). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 44M). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, which are  ½ length of cercus (Fig. 44M). Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 44L). </p>
            <p>Variation.</p>
            <p>The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varies from 6 to 8 within the same population and among localities.</p>
            <p>Immatures. (Fig. 44N) Puparium internal, slender, and pale brown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific name ugetsu is a Japanese word meaning rainy moon, and refers to dark scutum without a yellow mark.</p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Ugetsu-jagoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Conocephalum orientalis (  Conocephalaceae ) growing on mesic soils in warm-temperate broadleaf evergreen forests. </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 44O) Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p> The habitats of this species are stream banks and mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests dominated by  Castanopsis sieboldii and  Quercus glauca (Fig. 44P). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring. The  female’s oviposition behavior on  C. orientalis thalli was observed on 23 April 2021 in a  Castanopsis forest at Tategasaki, Wakayama Pref. (Fig. 44K). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 45).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is unique in the wholly dark brown color of both scutum and scutellum, and easily distinguished from all other  Phytoliriomyza species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DA6D0FDC704515DB65897C2EDA2E939	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
91A3EB1C0EEA520ABF242E5D235EE9E8.text	91A3EB1C0EEA520ABF242E5D235EE9E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phytoliriomyza wiesnerellae Kato 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 18.  Phytoliriomyza wiesnerellae Kato sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 35, 36</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p> Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a400), Sendan-todoro, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva on  Wiesnerella denudata ), emerged on 8-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31992. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-a342), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31993; 2♂1♀ (MK-AG-a303, a489, a464), Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-13-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31994-31996. </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>Japan: 1♂1♀, Sendan-todoro, Izumi, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref. (32.5215°N, 130.888517°E, 710 m asl), 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 8-10-V-2021; 1♂, Itsuki, Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Pref., 23-III-2015 (as larva), emerged on 3-V-2015; 2♂5♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 10-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 2-14-V-2021.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A large dark species (wing length 2.0-2.3 mm) having subshiny dark gray scutum, yellow scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, dark maxillary palpus, gray halteres, and dark brown legs. Male epandrium inner-basally with a protruding, plate-like arm bearing one strong, tubercle-like seta apically. Larva mines the thallus of  Wiesnerella denudata . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Adult male (Fig. 35A-D).</p>
            <p>Head: Head yellow; ocellar tubercle dark brown; front-orbital plate brown; back of head dark brown above foramen (Fig. 35C). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel dark brown and scape brown (Fig. 35B). Arista subbasal, pubescent. Face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus brown, clubbed (Fig. 35C). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 35B). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.</p>
            <p>Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum dark brown, with marginal inflated yellow band adjoining scutellum (Fig. 35D). Scutellum yellow with lateral corner brown. Subscutellum yellow with narrow brown area along posterior margin. Mediotergite brown, katatergite yellow and anatergite yellow with lower brown patch (Fig. 35B). Pleuron yellow with small pale brown patches on central propleuron and lower anepisternum, and with distinct brown patches on lower katepisternum and lower meron (Fig. 35C). Haltere brown with yellow stalk. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely dark brown (Fig. 35A). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 35D). Acrostichal setulae seven pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 35A). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 0.83.</p>
            <p> Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium dark brown (Fig. 35B). Genitalia: (Fig. 35F-J) Epandrium rounded apically, but angled dorso-posteriorly in a lateral view; inner-posterior margin with two tubercle-like setae on protruding arm; inner basal margin with a protruding, plate-like arm, which bears one strong tubercle-like seta apically (Fig. 35G, I). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose on anterior margin; basally with two tubercle-like setae (Fig. 35I). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of plate-like arms (Fig. 35I). Hypandrium sclerotized (Fig. 35F). Postgonite bare and broadly rounded apically (Fig. 35H). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 35F), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 35H). Basiphallus dorsolaterally sclerotized, with distal margin pigmented (Fig. 35H). Hypophallus broad and membranous; with one pair of pale narrow plate-like sclerites; medially with a pair of narrow, fused, ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 35H). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, widest basally,  ¾ length of distiphallus, tapering toward distiphallus (Fig. 35H). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal 1/3 ventrally pigmented; medial 1/3 unpigmented; distal 1/3 pigmented with truncated, unpigmented apex (Fig. 35H). Ejaculatory apodeme dark, fan-shaped, with short broad stalk; base bulbous; sperm pump clear (Fig. 35J). </p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 35F). Similar to male, but larger, frons narrower, yellowish brown, abdomen darker. Wing length 2.3 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 36A, B) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 36A). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 36B). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus (Fig. 36B). Spermathecae subspheroidal, with truncate proximal ends (Fig. 36A).</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The specific name refers to the host plant genus,  Wiesnerella . </p>
            <p>Japanese name.</p>
            <p>Azumazenigoke-hamoguribae.</p>
            <p>Host plant.</p>
            <p> Wiesnerella denudata (  Wiesnerellaceae ). </p>
            <p>Mine.</p>
            <p>Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later expanding their mines, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 36C, E, F). It is difficult to find the mines, because older larvae often mine in the lower layer of the thallus, so that the mines are often not externally visible.</p>
            <p>Biological notes.</p>
            <p>The habitats of this species are mesic slopes in warm temperate evergreen forests. Our rearing records suggest that it is univoltine, with adults emerging from overwintered pupae in spring.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Japan: Kyushu (Fig. 31).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This species is superficially very similar to  P. dumortierae in coloration of the head, thorax, abdomen, and legs, but is distinguished from the latter by the largely yellowish pleuron (pleuron yellow only in upper half in  P. dumortierae ). The anteroposteriorly flattened head and the absence of a comb of tubercle-like setae in the male epandrium of this species suggest that this is not closely related the other liverwort-associated species. </p>
            <p> Species associated with  Conocephalum</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91A3EB1C0EEA520ABF242E5D235EE9E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kato, Makoto;Yamamori, Luna;Imada, Yume	Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna, Imada, Yume (2022): Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts. ZooKeys 1133: 1-164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1133.94530
